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Ellis DA, Jones M, Willems HME, Cheung S, Makullah M, Aimanianda V, Steele C. Fungal chitin is not an independent mediator of allergic fungal asthma severity. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2024; 327:L293-L303. [PMID: 38915287 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00041.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Chitin, a polysaccharide found in the fungal cell wall and the exoskeletons of house dust mites and cockroaches, has garnered attention as a potential immunoreactive allergen. Mammals have evolved to express chitin-degrading chitinases (acidic mammalian chitinase/AMCase and chitotriosidase) that may modulate immune responses to chitin. We have previously reported that mice deficient in AMCase (Chia-/-) demonstrated better lung function during allergic fungal asthma. As expected, we show that mice overexpressing AMCase (SPAM mice) had worse airway hyperreactivity (AHR) during allergic fungal asthma. We further demonstrate that chitin-positive Aspergillus fumigatus conidia are detectable in the allergic lung during chronic exposure. Lung function in Chia-/- and SPAM mice is directly correlated with the level of chitinase activity during chronic fungal exposure (Chia-/- mice, negligible chitinase activity, lower AHR; SPAM mice, heightened chitinase activity, higher AHR), suggesting that the breakdown of chitin promoted AHR. However, chronic exposure of normal mice to purified A. fumigatus chitin resulted in only moderate inflammatory changes in the lung that were not sufficient to induce AHR. Moreover, despite having dramatic differences in chitinase activity, chronic exposure of Chia-/- and SPAM mice to purified A. fumigatus chitin likewise did not modulate AHR. Collectively, these results indicate that chronic exposure to fungal chitin alone is incapable of driving AHR. Furthermore, our data suggest that the chitinase-mediated degradation of chitin associated with A. fumigatus conidia may facilitate unmasking and/or liberation of other fungal cell wall components that drive inflammatory responses that contribute to AHR.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Humans with asthma sensitized to fungi often have more severe asthma than those who are not fungal-sensitized. Chitin makes up a significant portion of the cell wall of fungi and has been implicated as a pathogenic factor in allergic asthma. Ellis et al. demonstrate that chronic exposure to fungal chitin alone is unable to modulate lung function, even in the presence of differential lung chitinase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diandra A Ellis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States
| | - MaryJane Jones
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States
| | - Hubertine M E Willems
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States
| | - Suki Cheung
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States
| | - Mgayya Makullah
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States
| | - Vishukumar Aimanianda
- Unité de Mycologie Moléculaire, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, CNRS, UMR2000, Paris, France
| | - Chad Steele
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States
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Huang WH, Hung YW, Hung W, Lan MY, Yeh CF. Murine model of eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis inducing neuroinflammation and olfactory dysfunction. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2024; 154:325-339.e3. [PMID: 38494093 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2024.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a common inflammatory condition affecting the nasal and paranasal sinus mucosa, often accompanied by olfactory dysfunction. Eosinophilic CRS with nasal polyps (ECRSwNP) is a subtype of CRS characterized by eosinophilic infiltration. Animal models for ECRSwNP with olfactory dysfunction are necessary for exploring potential therapeutic strategies. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to establish a mouse model of ECRSwNP combined with olfactory dysfunction in a shorter time frame using intranasal ovalbumin and Aspergillus protease (AP) administration. The efficacy of the model was validated by evaluating sinonasal inflammation, cytokine levels, olfactory function, and neuroinflammation in the olfactory bulb. METHODS Male BALB/c mice were intranasally administered ovalbumin and AP for 6 and 12 weeks to induce ECRSwNP. The resultant ECRSwNP mouse model underwent histologic assessment, cytokine analysis of nasal lavage fluid, olfactory behavioral tests, and gene expression profiling to identify neuroinflammatory markers within the olfactory bulb. RESULTS The developed mouse model exhibited substantial eosinophil infiltration, increased levels of inflammatory cytokines in nasal lavage fluid, and confirmed olfactory dysfunction through behavioral assays. Furthermore, olfactory bulb inflammation and reduced mature olfactory sensory neurons were observed in the model. CONCLUSION This study successfully established a validated mouse model of ECRSwNP with olfactory dysfunction within a remarkably short span of 6 weeks, providing a valuable tool for investigating the pathogenesis and potential therapies for this condition. The model offers an efficient approach for future research in CRS with nasal polyps and olfactory dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hao Huang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wen Hung
- Department of Nursing, College of Medical Technology and Nursing, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Wei Hung
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Ying Lan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Fu Yeh
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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3
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Aimulajiang K, Chu W, Liao S, Wen Z, He R, Lu M, Xu L, Song X, Li X, Yan R. Succinate coenzyme A ligase β-like protein from Trichinella spiralis is a potential therapeutic molecule for allergic asthma. Immun Inflamm Dis 2024; 12:e1321. [PMID: 38888451 PMCID: PMC11184933 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.1321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND For decades, studies have demonstrated the anti-inflammatory potential of proteins secreted by helminths in allergies and asthma. Previous studies have demonstrated the immunomodulatory capabilities of Succinate Coenzyme A ligase beta-like protein (SUCLA-β) derived from Trichinella spiralis, a crucial excretory product of this parasite. OBJECTIVE To explore the therapeutic potential of SUCLA-β in alleviating and controlling ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergic asthma, as well as its influence on host immune modulation. METHODS In this research, we utilized the rTs-SUCLA-β protein derived from T. spiralis to investigate its potential in mitigating airway inflammation in a murine model of asthma induced by OVA sensitization/stimulation, both pre- and post-challenge. The treatment's efficacy was assessed by quantifying the extent of inflammation in the lungs. RESULTS Treatment with rTs-SUCLA-β demonstrated efficacy in ameliorating OVA-induced airway inflammation, as evidenced by a reduction in eosinophil infiltration, levels of OVA-specific Immunoglobulin E, interferon-γ, interleukin (IL)-9, and IL-17A, along with an elevation in IL-10. The equilibrium between Th17 and Treg cells plays a pivotal role in modulating the abundance of inflammatory cells within the organism, thereby ameliorating inflammation and alleviating symptoms associated with allergic asthma. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Our data revealed that T. spiralis-derived Ts-SUCLA-β protein may inhibit the allergic airway inflammation by regulating host immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalibixiati Aimulajiang
- Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, MOE Joint International Research, College of Veterinary MedicineNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingJiangsuP. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Clinical Medicine InstituteThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical UniversityUrumqiXinjiangP. R. China
| | - Wen Chu
- Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, MOE Joint International Research, College of Veterinary MedicineNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingJiangsuP. R. China
| | - Shuyi Liao
- Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, MOE Joint International Research, College of Veterinary MedicineNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingJiangsuP. R. China
- Changsha Animal and Plant Disease Control CenterChangshaHunanP. R. China
| | - Zhaohai Wen
- Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, MOE Joint International Research, College of Veterinary MedicineNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingJiangsuP. R. China
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Coastal Agricultural SciencesGuangdong Ocean UniversityZhanjiangP. R. China
| | - Rongdong He
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Clinical Medicine InstituteThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical UniversityUrumqiXinjiangP. R. China
| | - Mingmin Lu
- Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, MOE Joint International Research, College of Veterinary MedicineNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingJiangsuP. R. China
| | - Lixin Xu
- Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, MOE Joint International Research, College of Veterinary MedicineNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingJiangsuP. R. China
| | - Xiaokai Song
- Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, MOE Joint International Research, College of Veterinary MedicineNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingJiangsuP. R. China
| | - Xiangrui Li
- Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, MOE Joint International Research, College of Veterinary MedicineNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingJiangsuP. R. China
| | - Ruofeng Yan
- Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, MOE Joint International Research, College of Veterinary MedicineNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingJiangsuP. R. China
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Torres-Huerta A, Ruley-Haase K, Reed T, Boger-May A, Rubadeux D, Mayer L, Rajashekara AM, Hiller M, Frech M, Roncagli C, Pedersen C, Camacho MC, Hollmer L, English L, Kane G, Boone DL. Retinoid orphan receptor gamma t (rorγt) promotes inflammatory eosinophilia but is dispensable for innate immune-mediated colitis. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300892. [PMID: 38512959 PMCID: PMC10956760 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) result from uncontrolled inflammation in the intestinal mucosa leading to damage and loss of function. Both innate and adaptive immunity contribute to the inflammation of IBD and innate and adaptive immune cells reciprocally activate each other in a forward feedback loop. In order to better understand innate immune contributions to IBD, we developed a model of spontaneous 100% penetrant, early onset colitis that occurs in the absence of adaptive immunity by crossing villin-TNFAIP3 mice to RAG1-/- mice (TRAG mice). This model is driven by microbes and features increased levels of innate lymphoid cells in the intestinal mucosa. To investigate the role of type 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3) in the innate colitis of TRAG mice, we crossed them to retinoid orphan receptor gamma t deficient (Rorγt-/-) mice. Rorγt-/- x TRAG mice exhibited markedly reduced eosinophilia in the colonic mucosa, but colitis persisted in these mice. Colitis in Rorγt-/- x TRAG mice was characterized by increased infiltration of the intestinal mucosa by neutrophils, inflammatory monocytes, macrophages and other innate cells. RNA and cellular profiles of Rorγt-/- x TRAG mice were consistent with a lack of ILC3 and ILC3 derived cytokines, reduced antimicrobial factors, increased activation oof epithelial repair processes and reduced activation of epithelial cell STAT3. The colitis in Rorγt-/- x TRAG mice was ameliorated by antibiotic treatment indicating that microbes contribute to the ILC3-independent colitis of these mice. Together, these gene expression and cell signaling signatures reflect the double-edged sword of ILC3 in the intestine, inducing both proinflammatory and antimicrobial protective responses. Thus, Rorγt promotes eosinophilia but Rorγt and Rorγt-dependent ILC3 are dispensable for the innate colitis in TRAG mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Torres-Huerta
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine-South Bend, South Bend, IN, United States of America
| | - Katelyn Ruley-Haase
- Department of Biology, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN, United States of America
| | - Theodore Reed
- Department of Biology, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN, United States of America
| | - Antonia Boger-May
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine-South Bend, South Bend, IN, United States of America
| | - Derek Rubadeux
- Department of Biology, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN, United States of America
| | - Lauren Mayer
- Department of Biology, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN, United States of America
| | | | - Morgan Hiller
- Department of Biology, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN, United States of America
| | - Madeleine Frech
- Department of Biology, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN, United States of America
| | - Connor Roncagli
- Department of Biology, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN, United States of America
| | - Cameron Pedersen
- Department of Biology, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN, United States of America
| | - Mary Catherine Camacho
- Department of Biology, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN, United States of America
| | - Lauren Hollmer
- Department of Biology, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN, United States of America
| | - Lauren English
- Department of Biology, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN, United States of America
| | - Grace Kane
- Department of Biology, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN, United States of America
| | - David L. Boone
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine-South Bend, South Bend, IN, United States of America
- Department of Biology, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN, United States of America
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Nasiri-Jahrodi A, Barati M, Namdar Ahmadabad H, Badali H, Morovati H. A comprehensive review on the role of T cell subsets and CAR-T cell therapy in Aspergillus fumigatus infection. Hum Immunol 2024; 85:110763. [PMID: 38350795 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2024.110763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the immune response to Aspergillus fumigatus, a common cause of invasive fungal infections (IFIs) in immunocompromised individuals, is critical for developing effective treatments. Tcells play a critical role in the immune response to A. fumigatus, with different subsets having distinct functions. Th1 cells are important for controlling fungal growth, while Th2 cells can exacerbate infection. Th17 cells promote the clearance of fungi indirectly by stimulating the production of various antimicrobial peptides from epithelial cells and directly by recruiting and activating neutrophils. Regulatory T cells have varied functions in A.fumigatus infection. They expand after exposure to A. fumigatus conidia and prevent organ injury and fungal sepsis by downregulating inflammation and inhibiting neutrophils or suppressing Th17 cells. Regulatory T cells also block Th2 cells to stop aspergillosis allergies. Immunotherapy with CAR T cells is a promising treatment for fungal infections, including A. fumigatus infections, especially in immunocompromised individuals. However, further research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms underlying the immune response to A. fumigatus and to develop effective immunotherapies with CAR-T cells for this infection. This literature review explores the role of Tcell subsets in A.fumigatus infection, and the effects of CAR-T cell therapy on this fungal infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abozar Nasiri-Jahrodi
- Department of Pathobiology and Medical Laboratory Sciences, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Mehdi Barati
- Department of Pathobiology and Medical Laboratory Sciences, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran.
| | - Hasan Namdar Ahmadabad
- Vector-borne Diseases Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran.
| | - Hamid Badali
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Hamid Morovati
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Cottin V. Eosinophilic Lung Diseases. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am 2023; 43:289-322. [PMID: 37055090 DOI: 10.1016/j.iac.2023.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
The eosinophilic lung diseases may manifest as chronic eosinophilic pneumonia, acute eosinophilic pneumonia, or as the Löffler syndrome (generally of parasitic etiology). The diagnosis of eosinophilic pneumonia is made when both characteristic clinical-imaging features and alveolar eosinophilia are present. Peripheral blood eosinophils are generally markedly elevated; however, eosinophilia may be absent at presentation. Lung biopsy is not indicated except in atypical cases after multidisciplinary discussion. The inquiry to possible causes (medications, toxic drugs, exposures, and infections especially parasitic) must be meticulous. Idiopathic acute eosinophilic pneumonia may be misdiagnosed as infectious pneumonia. Extrathoracic manifestations raise the suspicion of a systemic disease especially eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis. Airflow obstruction is frequent in allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, idiopathic chronic eosinophilic pneumonia, eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis, and hypereosinophilic obliterative bronchiolitis. Corticosteroids are the cornerstone of therapy, but relapses are common. Therapies targeting interleukin 5/interleukin-5 are increasingly used in eosinophilic lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Cottin
- Service de pneumologie, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Louis Pradel, Centre de référence coordonnateur des maladies pulmonaires rares (OrphaLung), 28 Avenue Doyen Lepine, Lyon Cedex 69677, France; Université Lyon 1, INRAE, UMR754, Lyon, France.
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Combined Toxicity of the Most Common Indoor Aspergilli. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12030459. [PMID: 36986381 PMCID: PMC10058518 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12030459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The most common Aspergilli isolated from indoor air samples from occupied buildings and a grain mill were extracted and analyzed for their combined (Flavi + Nigri, Versicolores + Nigri) cytotoxic, genotoxic and pro-inflammatory properties on human adenocarcinoma cells (A549) and monocytic leukemia cells induced in macrophages (THP-1 macrophages). Metabolite mixtures from the Aspergilli series Nigri increase the cytotoxic and genotoxic potency of Flavi extracts in A549 cells suggesting additive and/or synergistic effects, while antagonizing the cytotoxic potency of Versicolores extracts in THP-1 macrophages and genotoxicity in A549 cells. All tested combinations significantly decreased IL-5 and IL-17, while IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6 relative concentrations were increased. Exploring the toxicity of extracted Aspergilli deepens the understanding of intersections and interspecies differences in events of chronic exposure to their inhalable mycoparticles.
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8
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Zhou Y, Xiang C, Wang N, Zhang X, Xie Y, Yang H, Guo G, Liu K, Li Y, Shi Y. Acinetobacter baumannii reinforces the pathogenesis by promoting IL-17 production in a mouse pneumonia model. Med Microbiol Immunol 2023; 212:65-73. [PMID: 36463365 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-022-00757-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-17 (IL-17) is involved in host defense against bacterial infection. Little is known about the role of IL-17 in A. baumannii-infected pneumonia. Our objective was to investigate the role of IL-17 in pulmonary A. baumannii infection in a mouse model. We infected C57BL/6 mice intra-tracheally (i.t.) with A. baumannii to establish pneumonia model and found A. baumannii infection elevated IL-17 expression in lungs. IL-17-deficient (Il17-/-) mice were resistant to pulmonary A. baumannii infection, showing improved mice survival, reduced bacteria burdens, and alleviated lung inflammation. Further, treatment of A. baumannii-infected Il17-/- mice with IL-17 exacerbated the severity of pneumonia. These data suggest a pathogenic role of IL-17 in pulmonary A. baumannii infection. Further, the infiltration and phagocytic function of neutrophils in broncho-alveolar lavage fluid were detected by flow cytometry. The results showed that Il17-/- mice had increased neutrophil infiltration and enhanced phagocytosis in neutrophils at the early time of infection. Treatment of mice with IL-17 suppressed phagocytic function of neutrophils. All data suggest that IL-17 promotes susceptibility of mice to pulmonary A. baumannii infection by suppressing neutrophil phagocytosis at early time of infection. Targeting IL-17 might be a potential therapeutic strategy in controlling the outcome of A. baumannii pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Zhou
- West China Biopharmaceutical Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Chuanying Xiang
- West China Biopharmaceutical Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Ning Wang
- West China Biopharmaceutical Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaomin Zhang
- West China Biopharmaceutical Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yu Xie
- West China Biopharmaceutical Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Hong Yang
- West China Biopharmaceutical Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Gang Guo
- West China Biopharmaceutical Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Kaiyun Liu
- West China Biopharmaceutical Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yan Li
- West China Biopharmaceutical Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Yun Shi
- West China Biopharmaceutical Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
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Sharma J, Mudalagiriyappa S, Nanjappa SG. T cell responses to control fungal infection in an immunological memory lens. Front Immunol 2022; 13:905867. [PMID: 36177012 PMCID: PMC9513067 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.905867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, fungal vaccine research emanated significant findings in the field of antifungal T-cell immunity. The generation of effector T cells is essential to combat many mucosal and systemic fungal infections. The development of antifungal memory T cells is integral for controlling or preventing fungal infections, and understanding the factors, regulators, and modifiers that dictate the generation of such T cells is necessary. Despite the deficiency in the clear understanding of antifungal memory T-cell longevity and attributes, in this review, we will compile some of the existing literature on antifungal T-cell immunity in the context of memory T-cell development against fungal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Som Gowda Nanjappa
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
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Lewis BW, Amici SA, Kim HY, Shalosky EM, Khan AQ, Walum J, Gowdy KM, Englert JA, Porter NA, Grayson MH, Britt RD, Guerau-de-Arellano M. PRMT5 in T Cells Drives Th17 Responses, Mixed Granulocytic Inflammation, and Severe Allergic Airway Inflammation. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 208:1525-1533. [PMID: 35288471 PMCID: PMC9055570 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Severe asthma is characterized by steroid insensitivity and poor symptom control and is responsible for most asthma-related hospital costs. Therapeutic options remain limited, in part due to limited understanding of mechanisms driving severe asthma. Increased arginine methylation, catalyzed by protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs), is increased in human asthmatic lungs. In this study, we show that PRMT5 drives allergic airway inflammation in a mouse model reproducing multiple aspects of human severe asthma. We find that PRMT5 is required in CD4+ T cells for chronic steroid-insensitive severe lung inflammation, with selective T cell deletion of PRMT5 robustly suppressing eosinophilic and neutrophilic lung inflammation, pathology, airway remodeling, and hyperresponsiveness. Mechanistically, we observed high pulmonary sterol metabolic activity, retinoic acid-related orphan receptor γt (RORγt), and Th17 responses, with PRMT5-dependent increases in RORγt's agonist desmosterol. Our work demonstrates that T cell PRMT5 drives severe allergic lung inflammation and has potential implications for the pathogenesis and therapeutic targeting of severe asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon W Lewis
- Center for Perinatal Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH
| | - Stephanie A Amici
- Division of Medical Laboratory Science, Wexner Medical Center, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Columbus, OH
| | - Hye-Young Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Emily M Shalosky
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Columbus, OH
| | - Aiman Q Khan
- Center for Perinatal Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH
| | - Joshua Walum
- Center for Perinatal Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH
| | - Kymberly M Gowdy
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Columbus, OH
| | - Joshua A Englert
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Columbus, OH
| | - Ned A Porter
- Department of Chemistry and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Mitchell H Grayson
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH.,Division of Allergy and Immunology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH.,Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Rodney D Britt
- Center for Perinatal Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH; .,Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Mireia Guerau-de-Arellano
- Division of Medical Laboratory Science, Wexner Medical Center, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Columbus, OH; .,Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH.,Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; and.,Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
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11
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Xiang L, Meng X. Emerging cellular and molecular interactions between the lung microbiota and lung diseases. Crit Rev Microbiol 2021; 48:577-610. [PMID: 34693852 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2021.1992345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
With the discovery of the lung microbiota, its study in both pulmonary health and disease has become a vibrant area of emerging research interest. Thus far, most studies have described the lung microbiota composition in lung disease quite well, and some of these studies indicated alterations in lung microbial communities related to the onset and development of lung disease and vice versa. However, the underlying mechanisms, particularly the cellular and molecular links, are still largely unknown. In this review, we highlight the current progress in the complex cellular and molecular mechanisms by which the lung microbiome interacts with immune homeostasis and pulmonary disease pathogenesis to advance our understanding of the elaborate function of the lung microbiota in lung disease. We hope that this work can attract more attention to this still-young yet very promising field to facilitate the identification of new therapeutic targets and provide more innovative therapies. Additional accurate standard-based methodologies and technological breakthroughs are critical to propel the field forward to ultimately achieve the goal of maintaining respiratory health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xianli Meng
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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12
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Daines M, Pereira R, Cunningham A, Pryor B, Besselsen DG, Liu Y, Luo Q, Chen Y. Novel Mouse Models of Fungal Asthma. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:683194. [PMID: 34485171 PMCID: PMC8415780 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.683194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Alternaria alternata is a ubiquitous fungus and a major allergen associated with the development of asthma. Inhalation of intact spores is the primary cause of human exposure to fungal allergen. However, allergen-rich cultured fungal filtrates are oftentimes used in the current models of fungal sensitization that do not fully reflect real-life exposures. Thus, establishing novel spore exposure models is imperative. In this study, we established novel fungal exposure models of both adult and neonate to live spores. We examined pathophysiological changes in the spore models as compared to the non-exposure controls and also to the conventional filtrate models. While both Alternaria filtrate- and spore-exposed adult BALB/c mice developed elevated airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), filtrates induced a greater IgE mediated response and higher broncholavage eosinophils than spores. In contrast, the mice exposed to Alternaria spores had higher numbers of neutrophils. Both exposures induced comparable levels of lung tissue inflammation and mucous cell metaplasia (MCM). In the neonatal model, exposure to Alternaria spores resulted in a significant increase of AHR in both adult and neonatal mice. Increased levels of IgE in both neonatal and adult mice exposed to spores was associated with increased eosinophilia in the treatment groups. Adult demonstrated increased numbers of lymphocytes that was paralleled by increased IgG1 production. Both adults and neonates demonstrated similarly increased eosinophilia, IgE, tissue inflammation and MCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Daines
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States.,Asthma & Airway Disease Research Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Rhea Pereira
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Aubrey Cunningham
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Barry Pryor
- School of Plant Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - David G Besselsen
- Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Yuchen Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Qianwen Luo
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Yin Chen
- Asthma & Airway Disease Research Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
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13
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Kandikattu HK, Venkateshaiah SU, Mishra A. Chronic Pancreatitis and the Development of Pancreatic Cancer. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2021; 20:1182-1210. [PMID: 32324526 DOI: 10.2174/1871530320666200423095700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatitis is a fibro-inflammatory disorder of the pancreas that can occur acutely or chronically as a result of the activation of digestive enzymes that damage pancreatic cells, which promotes inflammation. Chronic pancreatitis with persistent fibro-inflammation of the pancreas progresses to pancreatic cancer, which is the fourth leading cause of cancer deaths across the globe. Pancreatic cancer involves cross-talk of inflammatory, proliferative, migratory, and fibrotic mechanisms. In this review, we discuss the role of cytokines in the inflammatory cell storm in pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer and their role in the activation of SDF1α/CXCR4, SOCS3, inflammasome, and NF-κB signaling. The aberrant immune reactions contribute to pathological damage of acinar and ductal cells, and the activation of pancreatic stellate cells to a myofibroblast-like phenotype. We summarize several aspects involved in the promotion of pancreatic cancer by inflammation and include a number of regulatory molecules that inhibit that process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemanth K Kandikattu
- Department of Medicine, Tulane Eosinophilic Disorders Centre (TEDC), Section of Pulmonary Diseases, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, United States
| | - Sathisha U Venkateshaiah
- Department of Medicine, Tulane Eosinophilic Disorders Centre (TEDC), Section of Pulmonary Diseases, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, United States
| | - Anil Mishra
- Department of Medicine, Tulane Eosinophilic Disorders Centre (TEDC), Section of Pulmonary Diseases, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, United States
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14
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Toxicity studies of Aspergillus fumigatus administered by inhalation to B6C3F1/N mice (revised). TOXICITY REPORT SERIES 2021:NTP-TOX-100. [PMID: 34283822 PMCID: PMC8436148 DOI: 10.22427/ntp-tox-100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Aspergillus fumigatus is a thermotolerant, soil-borne fungal species that is ubiquitous in the environment. Mold was nominated to the National Toxicology Program (NTP) by a private individual due to suspected adverse health effects associated with personal exposure in indoor and occupational settings. A. fumigatus is of particular concern in the biowaste industry as the species can contaminate self-heating compost piles. Because of this potential for personal and occupational exposure and the lack of available toxicity data, toxicity studies were conducted in which male and female B6C3F1/N mice were exposed to A. fumigatus conidia (spores) two times a week for 3 months. All in-life procedures, including inhalation exposure, test article preparation, and hematology analysis, were completed by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH, Morgantown, WV). Battelle (Columbus, OH) conducted terminal necropsies, measured terminal body and organ weights, and evaluated gross lesions on-site at NIOSH. Tissue processing and histopathology were completed at Battelle. Grocott's methenamine silver (GMS) staining was performed at NIOSH. Genetic toxicology studies on mouse peripheral blood erythrocytes were conducted by Integrated Laboratory Systems, LLC (Research Triangle Park, NC). (Abstract Abridged).
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15
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Vatsalya V, Li F, Frimodig J, Gala KS, Srivastava S, Kong M, Ramchandani VA, Feng W, Zhang X, McClain CJ. Repurposing Treatment of Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome for Th-17 Cell Immune Storm Syndrome and Neurological Symptoms in COVID-19: Thiamine Efficacy and Safety, In-Vitro Evidence and Pharmacokinetic Profile. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:598128. [PMID: 33737877 PMCID: PMC7960760 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.598128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease identified in 2019 (COVID-19) can be complicated by the Th17 cell-mediated IL-17 proinflammatory response. We tested if thiamine can effectively lower the Th17 response in a clinical study [Proinflammatory state in alcohol use disorder patients termed as disease controls (DC)] and corroborated the results using an in vitro study. We developed an effective dose range and model for key pharmacokinetic measures with the potential of targeting the cytokine storm and neurological symptoms of COVID-19. Three-week 200 mg dose of thiamine was administered to sixteen DC patients. Eight healthy volunteers (HV) were also included in this investigation. A subsequent in vitro study was performed to validate the effectiveness of thiamine [100 mg/day equivalent (0.01 μg/ml)] treatment in lowering the Th17 proinflammatory response in a mouse macrophage cell line (RAW264.7) treated with ethanol. Based on recent publications, we compared the results of the IL-17 response from our clinical and in vitro study to those found in other proinflammatory disease conditions (metabolic conditions, septic shock, viral infections and COVID-19) and effective and safe dose ranges of thiamine. We developed a pharmacokinetic profile for thiamine dose range as a novel intervention strategy in COVID-19. DC group showed significantly elevated proinflammatory cytokines compared to HV. Thiamine-treated DC patients showed significant lowering in IL-17 and increase in the IL-22 levels. In humans, a range of 79-474 mg daily of thiamine was estimated to be effective and safe as an intervention for the COVID-19 cytokine storm. A literature review showed that several neurological symptoms of COVID-19 (∼45.5% of the severe cases) occur in other viral infections and neuroinflammatory states that may also respond to thiamine treatment. Thiamine, a very safe drug even at very high doses, could be repurposed for treating the Th17 mediated IL-17 immune storm, and the subsequent neurological symptoms observed in COVID-19. Further studies using thiamine as an intervention/prevention strategy in COVID-19 patients could identify its precise anti-inflammatory role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vatsalya Vatsalya
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
- Robley Rex VA Medical Center, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Fengyuan Li
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
- University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Jane Frimodig
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
- Robley Rex VA Medical Center, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Khushboo S. Gala
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Shweta Srivastava
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
- Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Maiying Kong
- Robley Rex VA Medical Center, Louisville, KY, United States
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Vijay A. Ramchandani
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Wenke Feng
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
- University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, Louisville, KY, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
- University of Louisville Hepatobiology and Toxicology COBRE, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Xiang Zhang
- University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, Louisville, KY, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
- University of Louisville Hepatobiology and Toxicology COBRE, Louisville, KY, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
- Center for Regulatory and Environmental Analytical Metabolomics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Craig J. McClain
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
- Robley Rex VA Medical Center, Louisville, KY, United States
- University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, Louisville, KY, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
- University of Louisville Hepatobiology and Toxicology COBRE, Louisville, KY, United States
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16
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Mackel JJ, Garth JM, Jones M, Ellis DA, Blackburn JP, Yu Z, Matalon S, Curtiss M, Lund FE, Hastie AT, Meyers DA, Steele C. Chitinase 3-like-1 protects airway function despite promoting type 2 inflammation during fungal-associated allergic airway inflammation. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2021; 320:L615-L626. [PMID: 33533316 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00528.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph J Mackel
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Jaleesa M Garth
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - MaryJane Jones
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Diandra A Ellis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | | | - Zhihong Yu
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Sadis Matalon
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Miranda Curtiss
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.,Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Frances E Lund
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Annette T Hastie
- Department of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | | | - Chad Steele
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana
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17
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Therapeutic Prospects for Th-17 Cell Immune Storm Syndrome and Neurological Symptoms in COVID-19: Thiamine Efficacy and Safety, In-vitro Evidence and Pharmacokinetic Profile. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2020. [PMID: 32869036 DOI: 10.1101/2020.08.23.20177501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Emerging infectious diseases, especially the coronavirus disease identified in 2019 (COVID-19), can be complicated by a severe exacerbation in the Th17 cell-mediated IL-17 proinflammatory immune storm. This enhanced immune response plays a major role in mortality and morbidity, including neurological symptoms. We hypothesized that countering the cytokine storm with thiamine may have therapeutic efficacy in lowering the Th17 cell proinflammatory response. We used an in vitro study and corroborated those results in disease controls (DC). We developed an effective dose range and model for key pharmacokinetic measures with the potential of targeting the cytokine storm and neurological symptoms of COVID-19. Study Participants and Methods We investigated the effect of a three-week 200 mg dose of thiamine in lowering the Th17 response in sixteen DC (proinflammatory origin due to heavy alcohol drinking) patients; and eight healthy control/volunteers (HV) as a pilot clinical-translational investigation. To further investigate, we performed an in vitro study evaluating the effectiveness of thiamine treatment in lowering the Th17 proinflammatory response in a mouse macrophage cell line (RAW264.7) treated with ethanol. In this in vitro study, 100 mg/day equivalent (0.01 ug/ml) thiamine was used. Based on recent publications, we compared the results of the IL-17 response from our clinical and in vitro study to those found in other proinflammatory disease conditions (metabolic conditions, septic shock, viral infections and COVID-19), including symptoms, and dose ranges of effective and safe administration of thiamine. We developed a dose range and pharmacokinetic profile for thiamine as a novel intervention strategy in COVID-19 to alleviate the effects of the cytokine storm and neurological symptoms. Results The DC group showed significantly elevated proinflammatory cytokines compared to HV. Three-week of 200 mg daily thiamine treatment significantly lowered the baseline IL-17 levels while increased IL-22 levels (anti-inflammatory response). This was validated by an in vitro macrophage response using a lower thiamine dose equivalent (100 mg), which resulted in attenuation of IL-17 and elevation of IL-22 at the mRNA level compared to the ethanol-only treated group. In humans, a range of 79-474 mg daily of thiamine was estimated to be effective and safe as an intervention for the COVID-19 cytokine storm. A literature review showed that several neurological symptoms of COVID-19 (which exist in 45.5% of the severe cases) occur in other viral infections and neuroinflammatory states that may also respond to thiamine treatment. Discussion The Th17 mediated IL-17 proinflammatory response can potentially be attenuated by thiamine. Thiamine, a very safe drug even at very high doses, could be repurposed for treating the cytokine/immune storm of COVID-19 and the subsequent neurological symptoms observed in COVID-19 patients. Further studies using thiamine as an interventional/prevention strategy in severe COVID-19 patients could identify its precise anti-inflammatory role.
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18
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Hotez PJ, Bottazzi ME, Corry DB. The potential role of Th17 immune responses in coronavirus immunopathology and vaccine-induced immune enhancement. Microbes Infect 2020; 22:165-167. [PMID: 32305501 PMCID: PMC7162764 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2020.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence points to host Th17 inflammatory responses as contributing to the severe lung pathology and mortality of lower respiratory tract infections from coronaviruses. This includes host inflammatory and cytokine responses to COVID-19 caused by the SARS-2 coronavirus (SARS CoV2). From studies conducted in laboratory animals, there are additional concerns about immune enhancement and the role of potential host immunopathology resulting from experimental human COVID-19 vaccines. Here we summarize evidence suggesting there may be partial overlap between the underlying immunopathologic processes linked to both coronavirus infection and vaccination, and a role for Th17 in immune enhancement and eosinophilic pulmonary immunopathology. Such findings help explain the link between viral-vectored coronavirus vaccines and immune enhancement and its reduction through alum adjuvants. Additional research may also clarify links between COVID-19 pulmonary immunopathology and heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Hotez
- Texas Children's Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Department of Pediatrics and Molecular Virology & Microbiology, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA; Hagler Institute of Advanced Study at Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
| | - Maria Elena Bottazzi
- Texas Children's Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Department of Pediatrics and Molecular Virology & Microbiology, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA.
| | - David B Corry
- Biology of Inflammation Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology & Immunology, The Michael E. DeBakey Center for Translational Research in Inflammatory Diseases, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
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19
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Abstract
Aspergillus fumigatus is a saprotrophic fungus; its primary habitat is the soil. In its ecological niche, the fungus has learned how to adapt and proliferate in hostile environments. This capacity has helped the fungus to resist and survive against human host defenses and, further, to be responsible for one of the most devastating lung infections in terms of morbidity and mortality. In this review, we will provide (i) a description of the biological cycle of A. fumigatus; (ii) a historical perspective of the spectrum of aspergillus disease and the current epidemiological status of these infections; (iii) an analysis of the modes of immune response against Aspergillus in immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients; (iv) an understanding of the pathways responsible for fungal virulence and their host molecular targets, with a specific focus on the cell wall; (v) the current status of the diagnosis of different clinical syndromes; and (vi) an overview of the available antifungal armamentarium and the therapeutic strategies in the clinical context. In addition, the emergence of new concepts, such as nutritional immunity and the integration and rewiring of multiple fungal metabolic activities occurring during lung invasion, has helped us to redefine the opportunistic pathogenesis of A. fumigatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Paul Latgé
- School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Georgios Chamilos
- School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
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20
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Figueroa-Romero C, Guo K, Murdock BJ, Paez-Colasante X, Bassis CM, Mikhail KA, Pawlowski KD, Evans MC, Taubman GF, McDermott AJ, O'Brien PD, Savelieff MG, Hur J, Feldman EL. Temporal evolution of the microbiome, immune system and epigenome with disease progression in ALS mice. Dis Model Mech 2019; 13:dmm041947. [PMID: 31597644 PMCID: PMC6906635 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.041947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a terminal neurodegenerative disease. Genetic predisposition, epigenetic changes, aging and accumulated life-long environmental exposures are known ALS risk factors. The complex and dynamic interplay between these pathological influences plays a role in disease onset and progression. Recently, the gut microbiome has also been implicated in ALS development. In addition, immune cell populations are differentially expanded and activated in ALS compared to healthy individuals. However, the temporal evolution of both the intestinal flora and the immune system relative to symptom onset in ALS is presently not fully understood. To better elucidate the timeline of the various potential pathological factors, we performed a longitudinal study to simultaneously assess the gut microbiome, immunophenotype and changes in ileum and brain epigenetic marks relative to motor behavior and muscle atrophy in the mutant superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1G93A) familial ALS mouse model. We identified alterations in the gut microbial environment early in the life of SOD1G93A animals followed by motor dysfunction and muscle atrophy, and immune cell expansion and activation, particularly in the spinal cord. Global brain cytosine hydroxymethylation was also altered in SOD1G93A animals at disease end-stage compared to control mice. Correlation analysis confirmed interrelationships with the microbiome and immune system. This study serves as a starting point to more deeply comprehend the influence of gut microorganisms and the immune system on ALS onset and progression. Greater insight may help pinpoint novel biomarkers and therapeutic interventions to improve diagnosis and treatment for ALS patients.This article has an associated First Person interview with the joint first authors of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kai Guo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA
| | - Benjamin J Murdock
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | | | - Christine M Bassis
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Kristen A Mikhail
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | | | - Matthew C Evans
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK
| | | | - Andrew J McDermott
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Phillipe D O'Brien
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Masha G Savelieff
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Junguk Hur
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA
| | - Eva L Feldman
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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21
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Feng Y, Zheng C, Zhou Z, Xiong H, Feng F, Xie F, Wu ZD. IL-17A neutralizing antibody attenuates eosinophilic meningitis caused by Angiostrongylus cantonensis by involving IL-17RA/Traf6/NF-κB signaling. Exp Cell Res 2019; 384:111554. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.111554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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22
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Godwin MS, Reeder KM, Garth JM, Blackburn JP, Jones M, Yu Z, Matalon S, Hastie AT, Meyers DA, Steele C. IL-1RA regulates immunopathogenesis during fungal-associated allergic airway inflammation. JCI Insight 2019; 4:129055. [PMID: 31550242 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.129055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe asthma with fungal sensitization (SAFS) defines a subset of human asthmatics with allergy to 1 or more fungal species and difficult-to-control asthma. We have previously reported that human asthmatics sensitized to fungi have worse lung function and a higher degree of atopy, which was associated with higher IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA) levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. IL-1RA further demonstrated a significant negative association with bronchial hyperresponsiveness to methacholine. Here, we show that IL-1α and IL-1β are elevated in both bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and sputum from human asthmatics sensitized to fungi, implicating an association with IL-1α, IL-1β, or IL-1RA in fungal asthma severity. In an experimental model of fungal-associated allergic airway inflammation, we demonstrate that IL-1R1 signaling promotes type 1 (IFN-γ, CXCL9, CXCL10) and type 17 (IL-17A, IL-22) responses that were associated with neutrophilic inflammation and increased airway hyperreactivity. Each of these were exacerbated in the absence of IL-1RA. Administration of human recombinant IL-1RA (Kineret/anakinra) during fungal-associated allergic airway inflammation improved airway hyperreactivity and lowered type 1 and type 17 responses. Taken together, these data suggest that IL-1R1 signaling contributes to fungal asthma severity via immunopathogenic type 1 and type 17 responses and can be targeted for improving allergic asthma severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S Godwin
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Kristen M Reeder
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Jaleesa M Garth
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Jonathan P Blackburn
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - MaryJane Jones
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Zhihong Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, UAB, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Sadis Matalon
- Department of Anesthesiology, UAB, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Annette T Hastie
- Department of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Deborah A Meyers
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Chad Steele
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
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23
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Abstract
Since its description nearly 130 years ago, hundreds of studies have deepened our understanding of coccidioidomycosis, also known as valley fever (VF), and provided useful diagnostic tests and treatments for the disease caused by the dimorphic fungi Coccidioides spp. In general, most of the literature has addressed well-established infections and has described patients who have experienced major complications. In contrast, little attention has been given to the earliest consequences of the pathogen-host interaction and its implications for disease manifestation, progression, and resolution. The purpose of this review is to highlight published studies on early coccidioidomycosis, identify gaps in our knowledge, and suggest new or former research areas that might be or remain fertile ground for insight into the early stages of this invasive fungal disease.
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24
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Kandikattu HK, Upparahalli Venkateshaiah S, Mishra A. Synergy of Interleukin (IL)-5 and IL-18 in eosinophil mediated pathogenesis of allergic diseases. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2019; 47:83-98. [PMID: 31126874 PMCID: PMC6781864 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2019.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Eosinophils are circulating granulocytes that have pleiotropic effects in response to inflammatory signals in the body. In response to allergens or pathogens, exposure eosinophils are recruited in various organs that execute pathological immune responses. IL-5 plays a key role in the differentiation, development, and survival of eosinophils. Eosinophils are involved in a variety of allergic diseases including asthma, dermatitis and various gastrointestinal disorders (EGID). IL-5 signal transduction involves JAK-STAT-p38MAPK-NFκB activation and executes extracellular matrix remodeling, EMT transition and immune responses in allergic diseases. IL-18 is a classical cytokine also involved in immune responses and has a critical role in inflammasome pathway. We recently identified the IL-18 role in the generation, transformation, and maturation of (CD101+CD274+) pathogenic eosinophils. In, addition, several other cytokines like IL-2, IL-4, IL-13, IL-21, and IL-33 also contribute in advancing eosinophils associated immune responses in innate and adaptive immunity. This review discusses with a major focus (1) Eosinophils and its constituents, (2) Role of IL-5 and IL-18 in eosinophils development, transformation, maturation, signal transduction of IL-5 and IL-18, (3) The role of eosinophils in allergic disorders and (4) The role of several other associated cytokines in promoting eosinophils mediated allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemanth Kumar Kandikattu
- Department of Medicine, Tulane Eosinophilic Disorders Centre (TEDC), Section of Pulmonary Diseases, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, United States
| | - Sathisha Upparahalli Venkateshaiah
- Department of Medicine, Tulane Eosinophilic Disorders Centre (TEDC), Section of Pulmonary Diseases, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, United States
| | - Anil Mishra
- Department of Medicine, Tulane Eosinophilic Disorders Centre (TEDC), Section of Pulmonary Diseases, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, United States.
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Elzinga S, Murdock BJ, Guo K, Hayes JM, Tabbey MA, Hur J, Feldman EL. Toll-like receptors and inflammation in metabolic neuropathy; a role in early versus late disease? Exp Neurol 2019; 320:112967. [PMID: 31145897 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.112967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Neuropathy is a common, morbid complication of the metabolic syndrome, prediabetes, and diabetes. Recent studies have indicated a potential role for the immune system in the development of neuropathy. In particular, toll-like receptors (TLR) 2 and 4 have been linked to metabolic dysfunction, and blocking TLR4 is proposed as a treatment for neuropathic pain. In the current study, we investigated the role of the immune system, particularly TLRs 2 and 4, in the pathogenesis and progression of neuropathy. Sural or sciatic nerve gene expression arrays from humans and murine neuropathy models of prediabetes and diabetes were first analyzed to identify differentially expressed TLR2- and TLR4-associated genes within the KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) database. We observed that genes associated with TLRs 2 and 4, particularly lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LPB) and phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta (PIK3CB), were dysregulated across species and across multiple murine models of prediabetic and diabetic neuropathy. To further understand the role of these pathways in vivo, TLR 2 and 4 global knockout mice placed on a 60% high fat diet (HFD-TLR2/4-/-) were compared with wild type (WT) mice on a high fat diet (HFD-WT) and WT controls on a standard diet (CON). Mice then underwent metabolic, neuropathic, and immunological phenotyping at two time points to assess the impact of TLR signaling on neuropathy and immunity during metabolic dysfunction over time. We found that HFD-TLR2/4-/- and HFD-WT mice weighed more than CON mice but did not have increased fasting blood glucose levels. Despite normal blood glucose levels, HFD-TLR2/4-/- mice eventually developed neuropathy at the later time point (28 wks of age) but were somewhat protected from neuropathy at the early time point (16 wks of age) as measured by shorter hind paw withdraw latencies. This is in contrast to HFD-WT mice which developed neuropathy within 11 wks of being placed on a high fat diet and were neuropathic by all measures at both the early and late time points. Finally, we immunophenotyped all three mouse groups at the later time point and found differences in the number of peripheral blood Ly6C-myeloid cells as well as F4/80+ expression. These results indicate that TLR signaling influences early development of neuropathy in sensory neurons, potentially via immune modulation and recruitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Elzinga
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - B J Murdock
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - K Guo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA
| | - J M Hayes
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - M A Tabbey
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - J Hur
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA
| | - E L Feldman
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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Interleukin-17 in Antifungal Immunity. Pathogens 2019; 8:pathogens8020054. [PMID: 31013616 PMCID: PMC6630750 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens8020054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The field of IL-17 biology has received much attention over the last decade owing to the pathogenic role of this cytokine in psoriasis and other autoinflammatory disorders and the successful implementation of IL-17-targeting therapies in patients suffering from these diseases. IL-17-mediated pathologies are contrasted by the important host beneficial effects of this cytokine. IL-17 is essential for regulating microbial colonization in barrier tissues. Rare congenital defects in the IL-17 pathway exemplify the relevance of IL-17 in protective immunity against the opportunistic fungal pathogen C. albicans. However, more recently, evidence is accumulating that IL-17 can also provide protection against fungi other than C. albicans. Importantly, protective IL-17 responses directed against commensal fungi can, under certain conditions, promote inflammation with detrimental consequences for the host, thereby assigning fungi a new role as disease-promoting factors apart from their role as potential infectious agents.
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Wong AYW, Fric J, Zelante T. Learning to control tissue damage while fighting Aspergillus. Med Mycol 2019; 57:S189-S195. [PMID: 30816972 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myy053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus moulds are increasingly being recognised as significant human pathogens that can cause life-threatening infections in the context of host immune dysregulation, particularly in the lung. It is now clear that there is a close relationship between infection susceptibility and the fine regulation of pulmonary immunity and inflammation. While the contribution of IL-17/Th17 responses to both physiological and pathological lung inflammation is now well established, the cellular interactions, soluble factors, and signalling pathways that determine Th17 cell responses to fungal infection remain unclear. Here, we identify potential key mediators of fungus-DC-T cell interactions in the respiratory tract, with a focus on the DC-derived cytokines thought to exert a major influence on generation of pathological Th17 cells. We review recent data indicating a crucial role for Aspergillus-induced autophagy in lung DCs on subsequent T-cell polarization and modulation of 'stemness', which appears critical for avoiding pathological lung inflammation and promoting disease resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Yoke Wei Wong
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Jan Fric
- Center for Translational Medicine, International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Teresa Zelante
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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Mirkov I, Popov Aleksandrov A, Lazovic B, Glamoclija J, Kataranovski M. Usefulness of animal models of aspergillosis in studying immunity against Aspergillus infections. J Mycol Med 2019; 29:84-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2019.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Jakšić D, Kocsubé S, Bencsik O, Kecskeméti A, Szekeres A, Jelić D, Kopjar N, Vágvölgyi C, Varga J, Šegvić Klarić M. Aflatoxin production and in vitro toxicity of Aspergilli section Flavi isolated from air samples collected from different environments. Mycotoxin Res 2019; 35:217-230. [PMID: 30877631 DOI: 10.1007/s12550-019-00345-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Aspergilli section Flavi, originally isolated from air samples collected from inhabited apartments (AP), unoccupied basements (BS), and processing facilities of a grain mill (GM), were analyzed for their potential to produce aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) on solid media. The isolates were further characterized with regard to their cytotoxic, genotoxic, and pro-inflammatory properties in vitro. Aspergilli were identified based on partial calmodulin (CaM) gene sequencing; the producing capacities of isolates were analyzed by HPLC/FLD and confirmed by genes in biosynthesis (aflR, norA, omtA). In the grain mill, the Aspergilli section Flavi (up to 1.3 × 106 cfu/m3) dominated by AFB1-producing Aspergillus flavus (71%, 4.5-5254 ng/ml) which showed a serious health risk for workers. Living environments were not relevant sources of exposure. After 24 h, AFB1 (1-100 μmol/l) reduced cell viability (MTT test) in both A549 cells and THP-1 macrophage-like cells without reaching IC50. In A549 cells, the extract of the AFB1-producing A. flavus significantly decreased cell viability but not below 50%. THP-1 macrophage-like cells were more sensitive to both extracts, but IC50 was obtained only for the AFB1-producing strain (0.37 mg/ml; AFB1 2.78 μmol/l). AFB1 (1 and 10 μmol/l) induced significant DNA damage (tail intensity, alkaline comet assay) in A549 cells in contrast to Aspergilli extracts. AFB1 elevated IL-6 and IL-8, while Aspergilli extracts increased IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-17 release in THP-1 macrophages (ELISA). Chronic exposure to AFB1 and/or other metabolites in airborne A. flavus from occupational environments may stimulate epithelial damage of airways accompanied by lowered macrophage viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Jakšić
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Schrottova 39, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sándor Kocsubé
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, H-6726, Szeged, Közép fasor 52, Hungary
| | - Ottó Bencsik
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, H-6726, Szeged, Közép fasor 52, Hungary
| | - Anita Kecskeméti
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, H-6726, Szeged, Közép fasor 52, Hungary
| | - András Szekeres
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, H-6726, Szeged, Közép fasor 52, Hungary
| | - Dubravko Jelić
- Fidelta Ltd., Prilaz baruna Filipovića 29, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nevenka Kopjar
- Mutagenesis Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Csaba Vágvölgyi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, H-6726, Szeged, Közép fasor 52, Hungary
| | - János Varga
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, H-6726, Szeged, Közép fasor 52, Hungary
| | - Maja Šegvić Klarić
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Schrottova 39, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
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Bacher P, Hohnstein T, Beerbaum E, Röcker M, Blango MG, Kaufmann S, Röhmel J, Eschenhagen P, Grehn C, Seidel K, Rickerts V, Lozza L, Stervbo U, Nienen M, Babel N, Milleck J, Assenmacher M, Cornely OA, Ziegler M, Wisplinghoff H, Heine G, Worm M, Siegmund B, Maul J, Creutz P, Tabeling C, Ruwwe-Glösenkamp C, Sander LE, Knosalla C, Brunke S, Hube B, Kniemeyer O, Brakhage AA, Schwarz C, Scheffold A. Human Anti-fungal Th17 Immunity and Pathology Rely on Cross-Reactivity against Candida albicans. Cell 2019; 176:1340-1355.e15. [PMID: 30799037 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 285] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Th17 cells provide protection at barrier tissues but may also contribute to immune pathology. The relevance and induction mechanisms of pathologic Th17 responses in humans are poorly understood. Here, we identify the mucocutaneous pathobiont Candida albicans as the major direct inducer of human anti-fungal Th17 cells. Th17 cells directed against other fungi are induced by cross-reactivity to C. albicans. Intestinal inflammation expands total C. albicans and cross-reactive Th17 cells. Strikingly, Th17 cells cross-reactive to the airborne fungus Aspergillus fumigatus are selectively activated and expanded in patients with airway inflammation, especially during acute allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. This indicates a direct link between protective intestinal Th17 responses against C. albicans and lung inflammation caused by airborne fungi. We identify heterologous immunity to a single, ubiquitous member of the microbiota as a central mechanism for systemic induction of human anti-fungal Th17 responses and as a potential risk factor for pulmonary inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Bacher
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts Universität zu Kiel and Universitätsklinik Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Thordis Hohnstein
- Department of Cellular Immunology, Clinic for Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eva Beerbaum
- Department of Cellular Immunology, Clinic for Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marie Röcker
- Department of Molecular and Applied Microbiology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology-Hans Knoell Institute (HKI), Jena, Germany
| | - Matthew G Blango
- Department of Molecular and Applied Microbiology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology-Hans Knoell Institute (HKI), Jena, Germany
| | - Svenja Kaufmann
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Immunology and Intensive Care Medicine, Cystic Fibrosis Centre Berlin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jobst Röhmel
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Immunology and Intensive Care Medicine, Cystic Fibrosis Centre Berlin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Patience Eschenhagen
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Immunology and Intensive Care Medicine, Cystic Fibrosis Centre Berlin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Claudia Grehn
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Immunology and Intensive Care Medicine, Cystic Fibrosis Centre Berlin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Laura Lozza
- Department of Immunology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrik Stervbo
- Center for Translational Medicine-Medical Clinic I, Marien Hospital Herne-University Hospital of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Herne, Germany; Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mikalai Nienen
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nina Babel
- Center for Translational Medicine-Medical Clinic I, Marien Hospital Herne-University Hospital of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Herne, Germany; Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Oliver A Cornely
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Department I of Internal Medicine, Clinical Trials Centre Cologne (ZKS Köln), German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF) partner site Bonn-Cologne, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Maren Ziegler
- Labor Dr. Wisplinghoff, Institute for Virology and Microbiology, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany; Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hilmar Wisplinghoff
- Labor Dr. Wisplinghoff, Institute for Virology and Microbiology, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany; Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Guido Heine
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Margitta Worm
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Britta Siegmund
- Department of Gastroenterology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jochen Maul
- Department of Gastroenterology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany; Gastroenterologie am Bayerischen Platz, Berlin, Germany
| | - Petra Creutz
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Tabeling
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany; Division of Pulmonary Inflammation, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Ruwwe-Glösenkamp
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Leif E Sander
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany; German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Knosalla
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, German Heart Center Berlin, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sascha Brunke
- Department of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology-Hans Knoell Institute (HKI), Jena, Germany
| | - Bernhard Hube
- Department of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology-Hans Knoell Institute (HKI), Jena, Germany; Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Olaf Kniemeyer
- Department of Molecular and Applied Microbiology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology-Hans Knoell Institute (HKI), Jena, Germany
| | - Axel A Brakhage
- Department of Molecular and Applied Microbiology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology-Hans Knoell Institute (HKI), Jena, Germany; Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Carsten Schwarz
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Immunology and Intensive Care Medicine, Cystic Fibrosis Centre Berlin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander Scheffold
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts Universität zu Kiel and Universitätsklinik Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany.
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31
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Libertucci J, Young VB. The role of the microbiota in infectious diseases. Nat Microbiol 2018; 4:35-45. [PMID: 30546094 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-018-0278-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The human body is colonized by a diverse community of microorganisms collectively referred to as the microbiota. Here, we describe how the human microbiota influences susceptibility to infectious diseases using examples from the respiratory, gastrointestinal and female reproductive tract. We will discuss how interactions between the host, the indigenous microbiota and non-native microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses and fungi, can alter the outcome of infections. This Review Article will highlight the complex mechanisms by which the microbiota mediates colonization resistance, both directly and indirectly, against infectious agents. Strategies for the therapeutic modulation of the microbiota to prevent or treat infectious diseases will be discussed, and we will review potential therapies that directly target the microbiota, including prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics and faecal microbiota transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josie Libertucci
- Department of Internal Medicine, Infectious Diseases Division, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Vincent B Young
- Department of Internal Medicine, Infectious Diseases Division, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. .,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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Page L, Weis P, Müller T, Dittrich M, Lazariotou M, Dragan M, Waaga-Gasser AM, Helm J, Dandekar T, Einsele H, Löffler J, Ullmann AJ, Wurster S. Evaluation of Aspergillus and Mucorales specific T-cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cell cytokine signatures as biomarkers of environmental mold exposure. Int J Med Microbiol 2018; 308:1018-1026. [PMID: 30201279 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mold specific T-cells have been described as a supportive biomarker to monitor invasive mycoses and mold exposure. This study comparatively evaluated frequencies and cytokine profiles of Aspergillus fumigatus and Mucorales reactive T-cells depending on environmental mold exposure. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) obtained from 35 healthy donors were stimulated with mycelial lysates of A. fumigatus and three human pathogenic Mucorales species. CD154+ specific T-cells were quantified by flow cytometry. In a second cohort of 20 additional donors, flow cytometry was complemented by 13-plex cytokine assays. Mold exposure of the subjects was determined using a previously established questionnaire. Highly exposed subjects exhibited significantly greater CD154+A. fumigatus and Mucorales specific naïve and memory T-helper cell frequencies. Significant correlation (r = 0.48 - 0.79) was found between A. fumigatus and Mucorales specific T-cell numbers. Logistic regression analyses revealed that combined analysis of mold specific T-cell frequencies and selected cytokine markers (A. fumigatus: IL-5 and TNF-α, R. arrhizus: IL-17A and IL-13) significantly improves classification performance, resulting in 75-90 % predictive power using 10-fold cross-validation. In conclusion, mold specific T-cell frequencies and their cytokine signatures offer promising potential in the assessment of environmental mold exposure. The cytokines identified in this pilot study should be validated in the clinical setting, e. g. in patients with hypersensitivity pneumonitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Page
- University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Infectious Diseases, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Weis
- University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Infectious Diseases, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Müller
- University of Wuerzburg, Biocenter, Department of Bioinformatics, Am Hubland, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Marcus Dittrich
- University of Wuerzburg, Biocenter, Department of Bioinformatics, Am Hubland, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Maria Lazariotou
- University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Infectious Diseases, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Mariola Dragan
- University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Department of Surgery I, Oberduerrbacher Str. 6, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Ana Maria Waaga-Gasser
- University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Department of Surgery I, Oberduerrbacher Str. 6, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Johanna Helm
- University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Infectious Diseases, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Dandekar
- University of Wuerzburg, Biocenter, Department of Bioinformatics, Am Hubland, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Hermann Einsele
- University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Infectious Diseases, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Löffler
- University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Infectious Diseases, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Andrew J Ullmann
- University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Infectious Diseases, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Wurster
- University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Infectious Diseases, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Infectious Diseases, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, Texas, 77030, United States.
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McDermott AJ, Klein BS. Helper T-cell responses and pulmonary fungal infections. Immunology 2018; 155:155-163. [PMID: 29781185 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The mucosal surface of the respiratory tract encounters microbes, such as fungal particles, with every inhaled breath. When pathogenic fungi breach the physical barrier and innate immune system within the lung to establish an infection, adaptive immunity is engaged, often in the form of helper CD4 T-cell responses. Type 1 responses, characterized by interferon-γ production from CD4 cells, promote clearance of Histoplasma capsulatum and Cryptococcus neoformans infection. Likewise, interleukin-17A (IL-17A) production from Th17 cells promotes immunity to Blastomyces dermatitidis and Coccidioides species infection by recruiting neutrophils. In contrast the development of T helper type 2 responses, characterized by IL-5 production from T cells and eosinophil influx into the lungs, drives allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis and poor outcomes during C. neoformans infection. Experimental vaccines against several endemic mycoses, including Histoplasma capsulatum, Coccidioides, Cryptococcus and Blastomyces dermatitidis, induce protective T-cell responses and foreshadow the development of vaccines against pulmonary fungal infections for use in humans. Additionally, recent work using antifungal T cells as immunotherapy to protect immune-compromised patients from opportunist fungal infections also shows great promise. This review covers the role of T-cell responses in driving protection and pathology in response to pulmonary fungal infections, and highlights promising therapeutic applications of antifungal T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J McDermott
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Bruce S Klein
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.,Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.,Internal Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
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Desoubeaux G, Cray C. Animal Models of Aspergillosis. Comp Med 2018; 68:109-123. [PMID: 29663936 PMCID: PMC5897967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Aspergillosis is an airborne fungal disease caused by Aspergillus spp., a group of ubiquitous molds. This disease causes high morbidity and mortality in both humans and animals. The growing importance of this infection over recent decades has created a need for practical and reproducible models of aspergillosis. The use of laboratory animals provides a platform to understand fungal virulence and pathophysiology, assess diagnostic tools, and evaluate new antifungal drugs. In this review, we describe the fungus, various Aspergillus-related diseases in humans and animals and various experimental animal models. Overall, we highlight the advantages and limitations of the animal models, the experimental variables that can affect the course of the disease and the reproducibility of infection, and the critical need for standardization of the species, immunosuppressive drugs, route of infection, and diagnostic criteria to use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Desoubeaux
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Division of Comparative Pathology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA; Parasitology-Mycology Service, Tropical Medicine Program, University Hospital of Tours, CEPR - Inserm U1100, Medical Faculty, François Rabelais University, Tours, France
| | - Carolyn Cray
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Division of Comparative Pathology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.,
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Bernatchez E, Gold MJ, Langlois A, Blais-Lecours P, Boucher M, Duchaine C, Marsolais D, McNagny KM, Blanchet MR. Methanosphaera stadtmanae induces a type IV hypersensitivity response in a mouse model of airway inflammation. Physiol Rep 2017; 5:5/7/e13163. [PMID: 28364028 PMCID: PMC5392504 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite improved awareness of work‐related diseases and preventive measures, many workers are still at high risk of developing occupational hypersensitivity airway diseases. This stems from a lack of knowledge of bioaerosol composition and their potential effects on human health. Recently, archaea species were identified in bioaerosols, raising the possibility that they play a major role in exposure‐related pathology. Specifically, Methanosphaera stadtmanae (MSS) and Methanobrevibacter smithii (MBS) are found in high concentrations in agricultural environments and respiratory exposure to crude extract demonstrates immunomodulatory activity in mice. Nevertheless, our knowledge of the specific impact of methanogens exposure on airway immunity and their potential to induce airway hypersensitivity responses in workers remains scant. Analysis of the lung mucosal response to methanogen crude extracts in mice demonstrated that MSS and MBS predominantly induced TH17 airway inflammation, typical of a type IV hypersensitivity response. Furthermore, the response to MSS was associated with antigen‐specific IgG1 and IgG2a production. However, despite the presence of eosinophils after MSS exposure, only a weak TH2 response and no airway hyperresponsiveness were observed. Finally, using eosinophil and mast cell‐deficient mice, we confirmed that these cells are dispensable for the TH17 response to MSS, although eosinophils likely contribute to the exacerbation of inflammatory processes induced by MSS crude extract exposure. We conclude that, as MSS induces a clear type IV hypersensitivity lung response, it has the potential to be harmful to workers frequently exposed to this methanogen, and that preventive measures should be taken to avoid chronic hypersensitivity disease development in workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Bernatchez
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Matthew J Gold
- The Biomedical Research Center, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Anick Langlois
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Pascale Blais-Lecours
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Magali Boucher
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Caroline Duchaine
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - David Marsolais
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Kelly M McNagny
- The Biomedical Research Center, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Marie-Renée Blanchet
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
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36
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McDermott AJ, Tumey TA, Huang M, Hull CM, Klein BS. Inhaled Cryptococcus neoformans elicits allergic airway inflammation independent of Nuclear Factor Kappa B signalling in lung epithelial cells. Immunology 2017; 153:513-522. [PMID: 29055116 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary challenge with the ubiquitous fungus Cryptococcus neoformans results in allergic airway inflammation (AAI) characterized by robust recruitment of eosinophils and T cells producing type 2 cytokines to the lungs. Previous studies have demonstrated a critical role for Nuclear Factor Kappa B (NF-κB) activation within lung epithelial cells (LECs) in driving AAI in response to protein allergens, yet the role of LEC-intrinsic NF-κB in promoting AAI following exposure to C. neoformans is poorly understood. To investigate the role of LEC-intrinsic NF-κB in promoting AAI following C. neoformans challenge, we used IKK∆LEC mice, which lack canonical NF-κB activation specifically within LECs. IKK∆LEC and littermate control mice were intranasally challenged with 106 CFU of C. neoformans strain 52D, and lung tissues were collected at 7, 14 and 21 days post infection to assess the development of AAI. Notably, the absence of epithelial NF-κB signalling did not affect the magnitude or kinetics of lung eosinophilia when compared with the response in wild-type control mice. The total numbers of lung T cells producing the type 2 cytokines interleukin-5 and interleukin-13 were also unchanged in IKK∆LEC mice. Furthermore, IKK∆LEC mice showed no defect in the recruitment of protective interferon-γ-producing CD4 T cells to the lungs, fungal clearance, or host survival compared with control mice. Immunofluorescence imaging surprisingly revealed no evidence of nuclear localization of NF-κB in LECs in response to C. neoformans challenge, indicating that NF-κB is not activated within these cells. Taken together, these data strongly suggest that NF-κB signalling within LECs does not promote AAI observed in response to C. neoformans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J McDermott
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Tyler A Tumey
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Mingwei Huang
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Christina M Hull
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Bruce S Klein
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
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37
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Dewi IMW, van de Veerdonk FL, Gresnigt MS. The Multifaceted Role of T-Helper Responses in Host Defense against Aspergillus fumigatus. J Fungi (Basel) 2017; 3:E55. [PMID: 29371571 PMCID: PMC5753157 DOI: 10.3390/jof3040055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitous opportunistic fungal pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus rarely causes infections in immunocompetent individuals. A healthy functional innate immune system plays a crucial role in preventing Aspergillus-infection. This pivotal role for the innate immune system makes it a main research focus in studying the pathogenesis of aspergillosis. Although sometimes overshadowed by the innate immune response, the adaptive immune response, and in particular T-helper responses, also represents a key player in host defense against Aspergillus. Virtually all T-helper subsets have been described to play a role during aspergillosis, with the Th1 response being crucial for fungal clearance. However; morbidity and mortality of aspergillosis can also be partly attributed to detrimental immune responses resulting from adaptive immune activation. Th2 responses benefit fungal persistence; and are the foundation of allergic forms of aspergillosis. The Th17 response has two sides; although crucial for granulocyte recruitment, it can be involved in detrimental immunopathology. Regulatory T-cells, the endogenous regulators of inflammatory responses, play a key role in controlling detrimental inflammatory responses during aspergillosis. The current knowledge of the adaptive immune response against A. fumigatus is summarized in this review. A better understanding on how T-helper responses facilitate clearance of Aspergillus-infection and control inflammation can be the fundamental basis for understanding the pathogenesis of aspergillosis and for the development of novel host-directed therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Intan M W Dewi
- Department of Experimental Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
- Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Eijkman No. 38, Bandung 40161, Indonesia.
| | - Frank L van de Veerdonk
- Department of Experimental Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Mark S Gresnigt
- Department of Experimental Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Le Rouzic O, Pichavant M, Frealle E, Guillon A, Si-Tahar M, Gosset P. Th17 cytokines: novel potential therapeutic targets for COPD pathogenesis and exacerbations. Eur Respir J 2017; 50:1602434. [PMID: 29025886 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.02434-2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways caused mainly by cigarette smoke exposure. COPD progression is marked by exacerbations of the disease, often associated with infections. Recent data show the involvement in COPD pathophysiology of interleukin (IL)-17 and IL-22, two cytokines that are important in the control of lung inflammation and infection. During the initiation and progression of the disease, increased IL-17 secretion causes neutrophil recruitment, leading to chronic inflammation, airways obstruction and emphysema. In the established phase of COPD, a defective IL-22 response facilitates pathogen-associated infections and disease exacerbations. Altered production of these cytokines involves a complex network of immune cells and dysfunction of antigen-presenting cells. In this review, we describe current knowledge on the involvement of IL-17 and IL-22 in COPD pathophysiology at steady state and during exacerbations, and discuss implications for COPD management and future therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Le Rouzic
- Université de Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204, Lung Infection and Innate Immunity, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille (CIIL), Lille, France
- CNRS, UMR 8204, Lille, France
- INSERM, U1019, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- Service de Pneumologie Immunologie et Allergologie, CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | - Muriel Pichavant
- Université de Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204, Lung Infection and Innate Immunity, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille (CIIL), Lille, France
- CNRS, UMR 8204, Lille, France
- INSERM, U1019, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Emilie Frealle
- Université de Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204, Lung Infection and Innate Immunity, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille (CIIL), Lille, France
- CNRS, UMR 8204, Lille, France
- INSERM, U1019, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie et Mycologie Médicale, CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | - Antoine Guillon
- Service de Réanimation Polyvalente, CHRU de Tours, Tours, France
- Inserm, U1100 - Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires, Tours, France
- Université François Rabelais, Tours, France
| | - Mustapha Si-Tahar
- Inserm, U1100 - Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires, Tours, France
- Université François Rabelais, Tours, France
| | - Philippe Gosset
- Université de Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204, Lung Infection and Innate Immunity, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille (CIIL), Lille, France
- CNRS, UMR 8204, Lille, France
- INSERM, U1019, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
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39
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Wang F, Zhang C, Jiang Y, Kou C, Kong Q, Long N, Lu L, Sang H. Innate and adaptive immune response to chronic pulmonary infection of hyphae of Aspergillus fumigatus in a new murine model. J Med Microbiol 2017; 66:1400-1408. [PMID: 28923131 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The pathogenesis of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) has seldom been studied due partly to a lack of animal models. Since hypha is the main morphology colonizing the airway in CPA, it's critical to study the immune reaction to chronic pulmonary infection of hyphae of Aspergillus fumigatus, which also has seldom been studied in vivo before. METHODOLOGY We established a novel murine model of chronic pulmonary infection of hyphae by challenging immunocompetent mice with tightly-structured hyphae balls intratracheally, and described the ensuing immunoreaction to hyphae and conidia, and the pathogenesis of CPA. RESULTS Our experiment proved that the hyphae balls could induce a chronic pulmonary infection for 28 days with a considerable recrudescence at day 28 post-infection. Lungs infected with hyphae balls were remarkable for the many neutrophils and macrophages that flooded into airway lumens, with peribronchiolar infiltration of leukocytes. There was a transient increase of Th2 cells and Th17 cells at day 7 post-infection in the lung tissue. In contrast, lungs infected with conidia showed no peribronchiolar infiltration of leukocytes, but an influx of a great number of macrophages, and a much less number of neutrophils in the lumen. Besides, conidia activated the co-response of Th1, Th2 and Th17 cells with an increase of Treg cells in the lung tissue (quite different from most previous studies). CONCLUSION We established a new murine model of chronic infection of hyphae to mimic the formation of CPA, and provide a new marker for different immune responses to hyphae and conidia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyuan Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Caiyun Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Yuan Jiang
- Department of Dermatology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Caixia Kou
- Department of Dermatology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Qingtao Kong
- Department of Dermatology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Nanbiao Long
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Ling Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Hong Sang
- Department of Dermatology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
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Raijmakers RPH, Sprenkeler EGG, Aleva FE, Jacobs CWM, Kanneganti TD, Joosten LAB, van de Veerdonk FL, Gresnigt MS. Toll-like receptor 2 induced cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 regulates Aspergillus-induced regulatory T-cells with pro-inflammatory characteristics. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11500. [PMID: 28904353 PMCID: PMC5597613 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11738-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with cystic fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, severe asthma, pre-existing pulmonary lesions, and severely immunocompromised patients are susceptible to develop infections with the opportunistic pathogenic fungus Aspergillus fumigatus, called aspergillosis. Infections in these patients are associated with persistent pro-inflammatory T-helper (TH)2 and TH17 responses. Regulatory T-cells, natural suppressor cells of the immune system, control pro-inflammatory T-cell responses, but can also contribute to disease by shifting to a pro-inflammatory TH17-like phenotype. Such a shift could play an important role in the detrimental immunopathology that is seen in aspergillosis. Our study demonstrates that Aspergillus fumigatus induces regulatory T-cells with a TH17-like phenotype. We also demonstrate that these regulatory T-cells with a pro-inflammatory TH17-like phenotype can be reprogrammed to their “classical” anti-inflammatory phenotype by activating Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), which regulates the induction of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA4). Similarly, soluble CTLA4 could reverse the pro-inflammatory phenotype of Aspergillus-induced regulatory T-cells. In conclusion, our results suggest a role for regulatory T-cells with a pro-inflammatory TH17-like phenotype in Aspergillus-associated immunopathology, and identifies key players, i.e. TLR2 and CTLA4, involved in this mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruud P H Raijmakers
- Department of Experimental Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein zuid 8, 6525GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Evelien G G Sprenkeler
- Department of Experimental Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein zuid 8, 6525GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Floor E Aleva
- Department of Experimental Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein zuid 8, 6525GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein zuid 10, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Cor W M Jacobs
- Department of Experimental Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein zuid 8, 6525GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Thirumala-Devi Kanneganti
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Leo A B Joosten
- Department of Experimental Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein zuid 8, 6525GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Frank L van de Veerdonk
- Department of Experimental Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein zuid 8, 6525GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Mark S Gresnigt
- Department of Experimental Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein zuid 8, 6525GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Wuhao L, Ran C, Xujin H, Zhongdao W, Dekumyoy P, Zhiyue L. Parasites and asthma. Parasitol Res 2017; 116:2373-2383. [PMID: 28689246 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-017-5548-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, many studies have found low morbidity of asthma in epidemic areas of parasitic diseases, as shown by the hygiene hypothesis. It is obvious that some parasite infections can prevent asthma and studies have been carried out to clarify the mechanism of the preventive effect and search for the future asthmatic therapies. Previous findings have indicated that this mechanism may be related to the immune response switching from Th1 to Th2 and important cells induced by parasites, including the regulatory T cells, regulatory B cells, dendrite cells, and alternatively activated macrophages. Cytokine IL-10 also plays a nonredundant role in protection against allergic airway inflammation in asthma. This review focuses on the relationship between parasites and asthma, and the potential protection mechanism involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wuhao
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 2nd Zhongshan Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Chen Ran
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 2nd Zhongshan Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - He Xujin
- The Affiliated High School of South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Wu Zhongdao
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 2nd Zhongshan Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510080, China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Paron Dekumyoy
- Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
| | - Lv Zhiyue
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 2nd Zhongshan Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China. .,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510080, China. .,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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Guerra ES, Lee CK, Specht CA, Yadav B, Huang H, Akalin A, Huh JR, Mueller C, Levitz SM. Central Role of IL-23 and IL-17 Producing Eosinophils as Immunomodulatory Effector Cells in Acute Pulmonary Aspergillosis and Allergic Asthma. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006175. [PMID: 28095479 PMCID: PMC5271415 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus fumigatus causes invasive pulmonary disease in immunocompromised hosts and allergic asthma in atopic individuals. We studied the contribution of lung eosinophils to these fungal diseases. By in vivo intracellular cytokine staining and confocal microscopy, we observed that eosinophils act as local sources of IL-23 and IL-17. Remarkably, mice lacking eosinophils had a >95% reduction in the percentage of lung IL-23p19+ cells as well as markedly reduced IL-23 heterodimer in lung lavage fluid. Eosinophils killed A. fumigatus conidia in vivo. Eosinopenic mice had higher mortality rates, decreased recruitment of inflammatory monocytes, and decreased expansion of lung macrophages after challenge with conidia. All of these functions underscore a potential protective role for eosinophils in acute aspergillosis. Given the postulated role for IL-17 in asthma pathogenesis, we assessed whether eosinophils could act as sources of IL-23 and IL-17 in models where mice were sensitized to either A. fumigatus antigens or ovalbumin (OVA). We found IL-23p19+ IL-17AF+ eosinophils in both allergic models. Moreover, close to 95% of IL-23p19+ cells and >90% of IL-17AF+ cells were identified as eosinophils. These data establish a new paradigm in acute and allergic aspergillosis whereby eosinophils act not only as effector cells but also as immunomodulatory cells driving the IL-23/IL-17 axis and contributing to inflammatory cell recruitment. The opportunistic fungus, Aspergillus fumigatus, causes a spectrum of diseases ranging from invasive aspergillosis in the severely immunosuppressed to allergic asthma in atopic individuals. Here we explored the contribution of eosinophils, a type of white blood cell, to host defenses and pathogenesis in murine models of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis and asthma. We found eosinophils co-produce the cytokines IL-23 and IL-17 in both aspergillosis models as well as a model of OVA-induced asthma. Eosinophils killed the conidia (spores) of A. fumigatus in vivo and mice that lacked eosinophils were more susceptible to invasive aspergillosis. These observations suggest eosinophils play a more prominent role in defenses against invasive pulmonary aspergillosis than heretofore appreciated and identify eosinophil-derived IL-23 and IL-17 as potential therapeutic targets in allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Santos Guerra
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States of America
| | - Chrono K Lee
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States of America
| | - Charles A Specht
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States of America
| | - Bhawna Yadav
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States of America
| | - Haibin Huang
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States of America
| | - Ali Akalin
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States of America
| | - Jun R Huh
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States of America
| | - Christian Mueller
- Horae Gene Therapy Center and Department of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States of America
| | - Stuart M Levitz
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States of America
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Takazono T, Sheppard DC. Aspergillus in chronic lung disease: Modeling what goes on in the airways. Med Mycol 2016; 55:39-47. [PMID: 27838644 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myw117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus species cause a range of respiratory diseases in humans. While immunocompromised patients are at risk for the development of invasive infection with these opportunistic molds, patients with underlying pulmonary disease can develop chronic airway infection with Aspergillus species. These conditions span a range of inflammatory and allergic diseases including Aspergillus bronchitis, allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, and severe asthma with fungal sensitization. Animal models are invaluable tools for the study of the molecular mechanism underlying the colonization of airways by Aspergillus and the host response to these non-invasive infections. In this review we summarize the state-of-the-art with respect to the available animal models of noninvasive and allergic Aspergillus airway disease; the key findings of host-pathogen interaction studies using these models; and the limitations and future directions that should guide the development and use of models for the study of these important pulmonary conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Takazono
- Departments of Medicine, Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.,Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Donald C Sheppard
- Departments of Medicine, Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada .,Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Opportunities for the development of novel therapies based on host-microbial interactions. Pharmacol Res 2016; 112:68-83. [PMID: 27107789 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Immune responses are fundamental for protecting against most infectious agents. However, there is now much evidence to suggest that the pathogenesis and tissue damage after infection are not usually related to the direct action of the replication of microorganisms, but instead to altered immune responses triggered after the contact with the pathogen. This review article discusses several mechanisms necessary for the host to protect against microbial infection and focuses in aspects that cause altered inflammation and drive immunopathology. These basic findings can ultimately reveal pathways amenable to host-directed therapy in adjunct to antimicrobial therapy for future improved control measures for many infectious diseases. Therefore, modulating the effects of inflammatory pathways may represent a new therapy during infection outcome and disease.
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Generation and Characterization of Indoor Fungal Aerosols for Inhalation Studies. Appl Environ Microbiol 2016; 82:2479-93. [PMID: 26921421 PMCID: PMC4959492 DOI: 10.1128/aem.04063-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In the indoor environment, people are exposed to several fungal species. Evident dampness is associated with increased respiratory symptoms. To examine the immune responses associated with fungal exposure, mice are often exposed to a single species grown on an agar medium. The aim of this study was to develop an inhalation exposure system to be able to examine responses in mice exposed to mixed fungal species aerosolized from fungus-infested building materials. Indoor airborne fungi were sampled and cultivated on gypsum boards. Aerosols were characterized and compared with aerosols in homes. Aerosols containing 107 CFU of fungi/m3 air were generated repeatedly from fungus-infested gypsum boards in a mouse exposure chamber. Aerosols contained Aspergillus nidulans, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus ustus, Aspergillus versicolor, Chaetomium globosum, Cladosporiumherbarum, Penicillium brevicompactum, Penicillium camemberti, Penicillium chrysogenum, Penicillium commune, Penicillium glabrum, Penicillium olsonii, Penicillium rugulosum, Stachybotrys chartarum, and Wallemia sebi. They were all among the most abundant airborne species identified in 28 homes. Nine species from gypsum boards and 11 species in the homes are associated with water damage. Most fungi were present as single spores, but chains and clusters of different species and fragments were also present. The variation in exposure level during the 60 min of aerosol generation was similar to the variation measured in homes. Through aerosolization of fungi from the indoor environment, cultured on gypsum boards, it was possible to generate realistic aerosols in terms of species composition, concentration, and particle sizes. The inhalation-exposure system can be used to study responses to indoor fungi associated with water damage and the importance of fungal species composition.
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Allergic Inflammation in Aspergillus fumigatus-Induced Fungal Asthma. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2015; 15:59. [PMID: 26288940 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-015-0561-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Although fungi are pervasive in many environments, few cause disease in humans. Of these, Aspergillus fumigatus is particularly well suited to be a pathogen of the human lung. Its physical and biological characteristics combine to provide an organism that can cause tremendous morbidity and high mortality if left unchecked. Luckily, that is rarely the case. However, repeated exposure to inhaled A. fumigatus spores often results in an immune response that carries significant immunopathology, exacerbating asthma and changing the structure of the lung with chronic impacts to pulmonary function. This review focuses on the current understanding of the mechanisms that are associated with fungal exposure, sensitization, and infection in asthmatics, as well as the function of various inflammatory cells associated with severe asthma with fungal sensitization.
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Kim JH, Yi JS, Gong CH, Jang YJ. Development of Aspergillus protease with ovalbumin-induced allergic chronic rhinosinusitis model in the mouse. Am J Rhinol Allergy 2015; 28:465-70. [PMID: 25514482 DOI: 10.2500/ajra.2014.28.4100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a multifactorial inflammatory disease. Particularly, eosinophilic CRS is often recalcitrant to treatment, so an appropriate animal model is required to evaluate the pathogenesis of, and to develop therapies for, recalcitrant eosinophilic CRS. This study aimed to improve the ovalbumin (OVA)-induced mouse model of eosinophilic/allergic CRS by combining OVA with Aspergillus protease, which is known to trigger allergic reactions in mouse lungs. METHODS In a model of allergic CRS, mice were challenged intranasally with Aspergillus protease combined with OVA. Local and systemic responses were measured. Protease (0.54 U) from Aspergillus oryzae, prepared with or without OVA (75 micrograms), OVA alone, or saline, was administered intranasally to wild-type mice for 5 weeks. Sinonasal complex samples were evaluated histologically, and interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, IL-6, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP) 2, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha were measured in nasal lavage fluid. A differential white blood cell count was also performed. RESULTS OVA alone induced minimal eosinophilic inflammation in sinonasal mucosa, while protease + OVA and protease alone induced moderate eosinophilic inflammation. Protease + OVA elevated eosinophil counts in blood comparable with controls, but not compared with OVA alone. Although IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, MIP-2, and TNF-alpha were increased in all study mice, the levels of IL-4 and IL-6 were higher in mice treated with protease + OVA than in mice treated with OVA alone. Protease alone excessively elevated the levels of IL-6, MIP-2, and TNF-alpha, not Th2 cytokines, compared with OVA alone and protease + OVA. CONCLUSION Aspergillus protease combined with OVA induced more severe allergic inflammation in sinonasal mucosa compared with OVA alone and similar eosinophilia. This model could be more relevant to recalcitrant eosinophilic CRS in humans than OVA-induced allergic CRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Heui Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Park SH, Chen WC, Esmaeil N, Lucas B, Marsh LM, Reibman J, Grunig G. Interleukin 13- and interleukin 17A-induced pulmonary hypertension phenotype due to inhalation of antigen and fine particles from air pollution. Pulm Circ 2015; 4:654-68. [PMID: 25610601 DOI: 10.1086/678511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension has a marked detrimental effect on quality of life and life expectancy. In a mouse model of antigen-induced pulmonary arterial remodeling, we have recently shown that coexposure to urban ambient particulate matter (PM) significantly increased the thickening of the pulmonary arteries and also resulted in significantly increased right ventricular systolic pressures. Here we interrogate the mechanism and show that combined neutralization of interleukin 13 (IL-13) and IL-17A significantly ameliorated the increase in right ventricular systolic pressure, the circumferential muscularization of pulmonary arteries, and the molecular change in the right ventricle. Surprisingly, our data revealed a protective role of IL-17A for the antigen- and PM-induced severe thickening of pulmonary arteries. This protection was due to the inhibition of the effects of IL-13, which drove this response, and the expression of metalloelastase and resistin-like molecule α. However, the latter was redundant for the arterial thickening response. Anti-IL-13 exacerbated airway neutrophilia, which was due to a resulting excess effect of IL-17A, confirming concurrent cross inhibition of IL-13- and IL-17A-dependent responses in the lungs of animals exposed to antigen and PM. Our experiments also identified IL-13/IL-17A-independent molecular reprogramming in the lungs induced by exposure to antigen and PM, which indicates a risk for arterial remodeling and protection from arterial constriction. Our study points to IL-13- and IL-17A-coinduced inflammation as a new template for biomarkers and therapeutic targeting for the management of immune response-induced pulmonary hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Hyun Park
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, New York, USA
| | - Wen-Chi Chen
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, New York, USA
| | - Nafiseh Esmaeil
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, New York, USA ; Current affiliation: Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Benjamin Lucas
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, New York, USA
| | - Leigh M Marsh
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria
| | - Joan Reibman
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, New York, USA ; Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Gabriele Grunig
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, New York, USA ; Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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Cottin V, Cordier JF. Eosinophilic Pneumonia. ORPHAN LUNG DISEASES 2015. [PMCID: PMC7121898 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4471-2401-6_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Eosinophilic pneumonia may manifest as chronic or transient infiltrates with mild symptoms, chronic idiopathic eosinophilic pneumonia, or the frequently severe acute eosinophilic pneumonia that may be secondary to a variety of causes (drug intake, new onset of tobacco smoking, infection) and that may necessitate mechanical ventilation. When present, blood eosinophilia greater than 1 × 109 eosinophils/L (and preferably greater than 1.5 × 109/L) is of considerable help for suggesting the diagnosis, however it may be absent, as in the early phase of idiopathic acute eosinophilic pneumonia or when patients are already taking corticosteroids. On bronchoalveolar lavage, high eosinophilia (>25 %, and preferably >40 % of differential cell count) is considered diagnostic of eosinophilic pneumonia in a compatible setting, obviating the need of video-assisted thoracic surgical lung biopsy, which is now performed only on very rare occasions with inconsistency between clinical, biological, and imaging features. Inquiry as to drug intake must be meticulous (www.pneumotox.com) and any suspected drug should be withdrawn. Laboratory investigations for parasitic causes must take into account the travel history or residence and the epidemiology of parasites. In patients with associated extrathoracic manifestations, the diagnosis of eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis or of the hypereosinophilic syndromes should be raised. Presence of airflow obstruction can be found in hypereosinophilic asthma, allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, idiopathic chronic eosinophilic pneumonia, eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis, or in the recently identified syndrome of hyperosinophilic obliterative bronchiolitis. Corticosteroids remain the cornerstone of symptomatic treatment for eosinophilic pneumonias, with a generally dramatic response. Relapses are common when tapering the doses or after stopping treatment especially in idiopathic chronic eosinophilic pneumonia. Cyclophosphamide is necessary only in patients with eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis and poor-prognostic factors. Imatinib is very effective in the treatment of the myeloproliferative variant of hypereosinophilic syndromes. Anti-interleukin-5 monoclonal antibodies are promising in the spectrum of eosinophilic disorders.
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Mucosal Eosinophils. Mucosal Immunol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-415847-4.00044-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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