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Aguilar R, Jiménez A, Santano R, Vidal M, Maiga-Ascofare O, Strauss R, Bonney J, Agbogbatey M, Goovaerts O, Boham EEA, Adu EA, Cuamba I, Ramírez-Morros A, Dutta S, Angov E, Zhan B, Izquierdo L, Santamaria P, Mayor A, Gascón J, Ruiz-Comellas A, Molinos-Albert LM, Amuasi JH, Awuah AAA, Adriaensen W, Dobaño C, Moncunill G. Malaria and other infections induce polyreactive antibodies that impact SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity estimations in endemic settings. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29713. [PMID: 38874194 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) seroprevalence is used to estimate the proportion of individuals within a population previously infected, to track viral transmission, and to monitor naturally and vaccine-induced immune protection. However, in sub-Saharan African settings, antibodies induced by higher exposure to pathogens may increase unspecific seroreactivity to SARS-CoV-2 antigens, resulting in false positive responses. To investigate the level and type of unspecific seroreactivitiy to SARS-CoV-2 in Africa, we measured immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgA, and IgM to a broad panel of antigens from different pathogens by Luminex in 602 plasma samples from African and European subjects differing in coronavirus disease 2019, malaria, and other exposures. Seroreactivity to SARS-CoV-2 antigens was higher in prepandemic African than in European samples and positively correlated with antibodies against human coronaviruses, helminths, protozoa, and especially Plasmodium falciparum. African subjects presented higher levels of autoantibodies, a surrogate of polyreactivity, which correlated with P. falciparum and SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Finally, we found an improved sensitivity in the IgG assay in African samples when using urea as a chaotropic agent. In conclusion, our data suggest that polyreactive antibodies induced mostly by malaria are important mediators of the unspecific anti-SARS-CoV-2 responses, and that the use of dissociating agents in immunoassays could be useful for more accurate estimates of SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in African settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Aguilar
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Alfons Jiménez
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- CIBER de Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rebeca Santano
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Marta Vidal
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Oumou Maiga-Ascofare
- Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine, Kumasi, Ghana
- Department of Infectious Diseases Epidemiology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ricardo Strauss
- Department of Infectious Diseases Epidemiology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Joseph Bonney
- Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine, Kumasi, Ghana
- Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Melvin Agbogbatey
- Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine, Kumasi, Ghana
- Department of Infectious Diseases Epidemiology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Odin Goovaerts
- Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Eric E A Boham
- Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Evan A Adu
- Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Inocencia Cuamba
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Anna Ramírez-Morros
- Unitat de Suport a la Recerca de la Catalunya Central, Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina, Sant Fruitós de Bages, Spain
| | - Sheetij Dutta
- U.S. Military Malaria Vaccine Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Evelina Angov
- U.S. Military Malaria Vaccine Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Bin Zhan
- Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Luis Izquierdo
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pere Santamaria
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Alfredo Mayor
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- CIBER de Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Joaquim Gascón
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Ruiz-Comellas
- Unitat de Suport a la Recerca de la Catalunya Central, Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina, Sant Fruitós de Bages, Spain
- Grup de Promoció de la Salut en l'Àmbit Rural (ProSaARu), Institut Català de la Salut, Sant Fruitós de Bages, Spain
- Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Vic-Universitat Central de Catalunya (UVIC-UCC), Vic, Spain
- Centre d'Atenció Primària (CAP) Sant Joan de Vilatorrada, Gerència Territorial de la Catalunya Central, Institut Català de la Salut, Sant Fruitós de Bages, Spain
| | | | - John H Amuasi
- Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine, Kumasi, Ghana
- Department of Infectious Diseases Epidemiology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
- College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Anthony A-A Awuah
- Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine, Kumasi, Ghana
- Department of Infectious Diseases Epidemiology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
- College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Wim Adriaensen
- Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Carlota Dobaño
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Moncunill
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Barcelona, Spain
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2
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Kamada H, Takahashi D, Shimizu M, Uchida M, Watanabe Y, Nakajima F, Miyata S, Satake M. A novel immunocomplex capture fluorescence assay (ICFA) using fluorescent beads and transfected cells for specific identification of human neutrophil antigen (HNA)-1a and -1b antibodies. Transfusion 2024; 64:906-918. [PMID: 38530740 DOI: 10.1111/trf.17813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To identify specific human neutrophil antigen (HNA) antibodies, assays using neutrophils such as monoclonal antibody-specific immobilization of granulocyte antigens (MAIGA) are recommended. However, these assays are limited by labor-intensive neutrophil preparation and varying antigen expression levels. METHODS We evaluated a newly developed immunocomplex capture fluorescence assay (ICFA) for identifying HNA-1 antibodies and compared it to MAIGA and LABScreen Multi (LABM), which utilizes recombinant HNA-coated Luminex beads. For ICFA, HNA-1a or HNA-1b transfected cells replaced neutrophils. Cells incubated with serum were lysed, and immune complexes were captured using five CD16 monoclonal antibody-conjugated Luminex beads. Nine antisera with known specificity and 26 samples suspected of containing HNA antibodies were analyzed by ICFA and MAIGA using neutrophils or transfected cells (ICFA-N or ICFA-T, and MAIGA-N or MAIGA-T, respectively). RESULTS ICFA-T and MAIGA-N accurately determined the specificity of all antibodies in the nine antiserum samples. The ICFA-T detection limit was 2048-fold for anti-HNA-1a and 256-fold for anti-HNA-1b; the limits of MAIGA-T, MAIGA-N, and LABM were 32-, 4 ~ 64-, and 128-fold for anti-HNA-1a and 64-, 16 ~ 64-, and 32-fold for anti-HNA-1b, respectively. Twelve and 7 of the remaining 26 samples tested negative and positive, respectively, in both ICFA-T and MAIGA-N. Antibody specificity against HNA-1a or HNA-1b determined using ICFA-T agreed with that determined using MAIGA-N and LABM. Another seven samples tested positive in ICFA-T but negative in MAIGA-N. CONCLUSION The novel ICFA is highly sensitive and exhibits specificity similar to MAIGA and LABM for detecting HNA-1 antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromi Kamada
- Central Blood Institute, Blood Service Headquarters, Japanese Red Cross Society, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Takahashi
- Central Blood Institute, Blood Service Headquarters, Japanese Red Cross Society, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Marie Shimizu
- Central Blood Institute, Blood Service Headquarters, Japanese Red Cross Society, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miyuki Uchida
- Central Blood Institute, Blood Service Headquarters, Japanese Red Cross Society, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Watanabe
- Central Blood Institute, Blood Service Headquarters, Japanese Red Cross Society, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Shigeki Miyata
- Central Blood Institute, Blood Service Headquarters, Japanese Red Cross Society, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Satake
- Central Blood Institute, Blood Service Headquarters, Japanese Red Cross Society, Tokyo, Japan
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Stern D, Meyer TC, Treindl F, Mages HW, Krüger M, Skiba M, Krüger JP, Zobel CM, Schreiner M, Grossegesse M, Rinner T, Peine C, Stoliaroff-Pépin A, Harder T, Hofmann N, Michel J, Nitsche A, Stahlberg S, Kneuer A, Sandoni A, Kubisch U, Schlaud M, Mankertz A, Schwarz T, Corman VM, Müller MA, Drosten C, de la Rosa K, Schaade L, Dorner MB, Dorner BG. A bead-based multiplex assay covering all coronaviruses pathogenic for humans for sensitive and specific surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 humoral immunity. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21846. [PMID: 38071261 PMCID: PMC10710470 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48581-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Serological assays measuring antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 are key to describe the epidemiology, pathobiology or induction of immunity after infection or vaccination. Of those, multiplex assays targeting multiple antigens are especially helpful as closely related coronaviruses or other antigens can be analysed simultaneously from small sample volumes, hereby shedding light on patterns in the immune response that would otherwise remain undetected. We established a bead-based 17-plex assay detecting antibodies targeting antigens from all coronaviruses pathogenic for humans: SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, HCoV strains 229E, OC43, HKU1, and NL63. The assay was validated against five commercial serological immunoassays, a commercial surrogate virus neutralisation test, and a virus neutralisation assay, all targeting SARS-CoV-2. It was found to be highly versatile as shown by antibody detection from both serum and dried blot spots and as shown in three case studies. First, we followed seroconversion for all four endemic HCoV strains and SARS-CoV-2 in an outbreak study in day-care centres for children. Second, we were able to link a more severe clinical course to a stronger IgG response with this 17-plex-assay, which was IgG1 and IgG3 dominated. Finally, our assay was able to discriminate recent from previous SARS-CoV-2 infections by calculating the IgG/IgM ratio on the N antigen targeting antibodies. In conclusion, due to the comprehensive method comparison, thorough validation, and the proven versatility, our multiplex assay is a valuable tool for studies on coronavirus serology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Stern
- Biological Toxins (ZBS 3), Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Tanja C Meyer
- Biological Toxins (ZBS 3), Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Fridolin Treindl
- Biological Toxins (ZBS 3), Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hans Werner Mages
- Biological Toxins (ZBS 3), Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maren Krüger
- Biological Toxins (ZBS 3), Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Skiba
- Biological Toxins (ZBS 3), Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jan Philipp Krüger
- Department of Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Bundeswehr Hospital Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian M Zobel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Bundeswehr Hospital Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Marica Grossegesse
- Highly Pathogenic Viruses (ZBS 1), Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Rinner
- Highly Pathogenic Viruses (ZBS 1), Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Caroline Peine
- Immunization Unit (FG 33), Department for Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Robert Koch Institute, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anna Stoliaroff-Pépin
- Immunization Unit (FG 33), Department for Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Robert Koch Institute, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Harder
- Immunization Unit (FG 33), Department for Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Robert Koch Institute, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Natalie Hofmann
- Highly Pathogenic Viruses (ZBS 1), Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Janine Michel
- Highly Pathogenic Viruses (ZBS 1), Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Nitsche
- Highly Pathogenic Viruses (ZBS 1), Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Silke Stahlberg
- Central Epidemiological Laboratory (FG 22), Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, 12101, Berlin, Germany
| | - Antje Kneuer
- Central Epidemiological Laboratory (FG 22), Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, 12101, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anna Sandoni
- Central Epidemiological Laboratory (FG 22), Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, 12101, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrike Kubisch
- Central Epidemiological Laboratory (FG 22), Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, 12101, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Schlaud
- Central Epidemiological Laboratory (FG 22), Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, 12101, Berlin, Germany
| | - Annette Mankertz
- Measles, Mumps, Rubella, and Viruses Affecting Immunocompromised Patients (FG 12), Robert Koch Institute, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tatjana Schwarz
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Victor M Corman
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Corporate Member, Freie Universität Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Corporate Member, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcel A Müller
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Drosten
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kathrin de la Rosa
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), 13125, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lars Schaade
- Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin B Dorner
- Biological Toxins (ZBS 3), Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Brigitte G Dorner
- Biological Toxins (ZBS 3), Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
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4
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Cox A, Stevens M, Kallon D, Gupta A, White E. Comparative evaluation of Luminex based assays for detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in a transplantation laboratory. J Immunol Methods 2023; 517:113472. [PMID: 37059296 PMCID: PMC10091782 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2023.113472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies is essential in establishing the parameters of an individual's immune response to COVID-19, from both natural infection and vaccination. Despite this, there is currently limited clinical guidance or recommendations for serological methods for their measurement. Here, we evaluate and compare four Luminex-based assays for the multiplex detection of IgG SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. METHODS The four assays tested were Magnetic Luminex Assay, MULTICOV-AB Assay, Luminex xMAP SARS-CoV-2 Multi-Antigen IgG Assay and LABScreen COVID Plus Assay. Each assay's ability to detect antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 Spike (S), Nucleocapsid (N) and Spike-Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) was evaluated using 50 test samples (25 positive, 25 negative), previously tested by a widely used ELISA technique. RESULTS The MULTICOV-AB Assay had the highest clinical performance detecting antibodies to S trimer and RBD in 100% (n = 25) of known positive samples. Both the Magnetic Luminex Assay and LABScreen COVID Plus Assay showed significant diagnostic accuracy with sensitivities of 90% and 88% respectively. The Luminex xMAP SARS-CoV-2 Multi-Antigen IgG Assay demonstrated limited detection of antibodies to the S antigen resulting in a sensitivity of 68%. CONCLUSION Luminex-based assays provide a suitable serological method for multiplex detection of SARS-CoV-2 specific antibodies, with each assay able to detect antibodies to a minimum of 3 different SARS-CoV-2 antigens. Assay comparison identified there is moderate performance variability between manufacturers and further inter-assay variation of antibodies detected to different SARS-CoV-2 antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Cox
- Clinical Transplantation Laboratory, 3rd Floor Pathology & Pharmacy Building, 80 Newark Street, London E1 2ES, United Kingdom; The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom.
| | - M Stevens
- Immunology Laboratory, Royal Sussex County Hospital Barry, Eastern Rd, Brighton BN2 5BE, United Kingdom
| | - D Kallon
- Clinical Transplantation Laboratory, 3rd Floor Pathology & Pharmacy Building, 80 Newark Street, London E1 2ES, United Kingdom
| | - A Gupta
- Clinical Transplantation Laboratory, 3rd Floor Pathology & Pharmacy Building, 80 Newark Street, London E1 2ES, United Kingdom
| | - E White
- Clinical Transplantation Laboratory, 3rd Floor Pathology & Pharmacy Building, 80 Newark Street, London E1 2ES, United Kingdom
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5
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Berre ML, Paulovčáková T, Verissimo CDM, Doyle S, Dalton JP, Masterson C, Martínez ER, Walsh L, Gormley C, Laffey JG, McNicholas B, Simpkin AJ, Kilcoyne M. A new multiplex SARS-CoV-2 antigen microarray showed correlation of IgG, IgA, and IgM antibodies from patients with COVID-19 disease severity and maintenance of relative IgA and IgM antigen binding over time. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0283537. [PMID: 36996259 PMCID: PMC10062637 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0283537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Zoonotic spillover of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) to humans in December 2019 caused the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Serological monitoring is critical for detailed understanding of individual immune responses to infection and protection to guide clinical therapeutic and vaccine strategies. We developed a high throughput multiplexed SARS-CoV-2 antigen microarray incorporating spike (S) and nucleocapsid protein (NP) and fragments expressed in various hosts which allowed simultaneous assessment of serum IgG, IgA, and IgM responses. Antigen glycosylation influenced antibody binding, with S glycosylation generally increasing and NP glycosylation decreasing binding. Purified antibody isotypes demonstrated a binding pattern and intensity different from the same isotype in whole serum, probably due to competition from the other isotypes present. Using purified antibody isotypes from naïve Irish COVID-19 patients, we correlated antibody isotype binding to different panels of antigens with disease severity, with binding to the S region S1 expressed in insect cells (S1 Sf21) significant for IgG, IgA, and IgM. Assessing longitudinal response for constant concentrations of purified antibody isotypes for a patient subset demonstrated that the relative proportion of antigen-specific IgGs decreased over time for severe disease, but the relative proportion of antigen-specific IgA binding remained at the same magnitude at 5 and 9 months post-first symptom onset. Further, the relative proportion of IgM binding decreased for S antigens but remained the same for NP antigens. This may support antigen-specific serum IgA and IgM playing a role in maintaining longer-term protection, important for developing and assessing vaccine strategies. Overall, these data demonstrate the multiplexed platform as a sensitive and useful platform for expanded humoral immunity studies, allowing detailed elucidation of antibody isotypes response against multiple antigens. This approach will be useful for monoclonal antibody therapeutic studies and screening of donor polyclonal antibodies for patient infusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Le Berre
- Carbohydrate Signalling Group, Infectious Disease Section, School of Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Terézia Paulovčáková
- Carbohydrate Signalling Group, Infectious Disease Section, School of Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Carolina De Marco Verissimo
- Molecular Parasitology Lab, Centre for One Health and Ryan Institute, School of Natural Sciences, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Seán Doyle
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - John P. Dalton
- Molecular Parasitology Lab, Centre for One Health and Ryan Institute, School of Natural Sciences, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Claire Masterson
- School of Medicine, and Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI) at CÚRAM Centre for Research in Medical Devices, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Eduardo Ribes Martínez
- Lambe Institute for Translational Research, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Laura Walsh
- University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Conor Gormley
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - John G. Laffey
- School of Medicine, and Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI) at CÚRAM Centre for Research in Medical Devices, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Galway, Saolta University Hospital Group, Galway, Ireland
| | - Bairbre McNicholas
- School of Medicine, and Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI) at CÚRAM Centre for Research in Medical Devices, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Galway, Saolta University Hospital Group, Galway, Ireland
| | - Andrew J. Simpkin
- School of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Michelle Kilcoyne
- Carbohydrate Signalling Group, Infectious Disease Section, School of Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
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6
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Yue H, Nowak RP, Overwijn D, Payne NC, Fischinger S, Atyeo C, Lam EC, St. Denis K, Brais LK, Konishi Y, Sklavenitis-Pistofidis R, Baden LR, Nilles EJ, Karlson EW, Yu XG, Li JZ, Woolley AE, Ghobrial IM, Meyerhardt JA, Balazs AB, Alter G, Mazitschek R, Fischer ES. Diagnostic TR-FRET assays for detection of antibodies in patient samples. CELL REPORTS METHODS 2023; 3:100421. [PMID: 37056371 PMCID: PMC10088089 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2023.100421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Serological assays are important diagnostic tools for surveying exposure to the pathogen, monitoring immune response post vaccination, and managing spread of the infectious agent among the population. Current serological laboratory assays are often limited because they require the use of specialized laboratory technology and/or work with a limited number of sample types. Here, we evaluate an alternative by developing time-resolved Förster resonance energy transfer (TR-FRET) homogeneous assays that exhibited exceptional versatility, scalability, and sensitivity and outperformed or matched currently used strategies in terms of sensitivity, specificity, and precision. We validated the performance of the assays measuring total immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels; antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) or Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome (MERS)-CoV spike (S) protein; and SARS-CoV-2 S and nucleocapsid (N) proteins and applied it to several large sample sets and real-world applications. We further established a TR-FRET-based ACE2-S competition assay to assess the neutralization propensity of the antibodies. Overall, these TR-FRET-based serological assays can be rapidly extended to other antigens and are compatible with commonly used plate readers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Yue
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Radosław P. Nowak
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Daan Overwijn
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - N. Connor Payne
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Stephanie Fischinger
- Ragon Institute of MGH, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Caroline Atyeo
- Ragon Institute of MGH, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Evan C. Lam
- Ragon Institute of MGH, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Kerri St. Denis
- Ragon Institute of MGH, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Lauren K. Brais
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Yoshinobu Konishi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Romanos Sklavenitis-Pistofidis
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Lindsey R. Baden
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Eric J. Nilles
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Xu G. Yu
- Ragon Institute of MGH, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jonathan Z. Li
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ann E. Woolley
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Irene M. Ghobrial
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | | | - Alejandro B. Balazs
- Ragon Institute of MGH, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of MGH, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ralph Mazitschek
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Eric S. Fischer
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Seroprevalence and socioeconomic impact of the first SARS-CoV-2 infection wave in a small town in Navarre, Spain. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3862. [PMID: 36890175 PMCID: PMC9992915 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30542-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The characterization of the antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 and its determinants are key for the understanding of COVID-19. The identification of vulnerable populations to the infection and to its socioeconomic impact is indispensable for inclusive policies. We conducted an age-stratified cross-sectional community-based seroprevalence survey between June 12th and 19th 2020-during the easing of lockdown-in Cizur, Spain. We quantified IgG, IgM and IgA levels against SARS-CoV-2 spike and its receptor-binding domain in a sample of 728 randomly selected, voluntarily registered inhabitants. We estimated a 7.9% seroprevalence in the general population, with the lowest seroprevalence among children under ten (n = 3/142, 2.1%) and the highest among adolescents (11-20 years old, n = 18/159, 11.3%). We found a heterogeneous immune-response profile across participants regarding isotype/antigen-specific seropositivity, although levels generally correlated. Those with technical education level were the most financially affected. Fifty-five percent had visited a supermarket and 43% a sanitary centre since mid-February 2020. When comparing by gender, men had left the household more frequently. In conclusion, few days after strict lockdown, the burden of SARS-CoV-2 infection was the lowest in children under 10. The findings also suggest that a wider isotype-antigen panel confers higher sensitivity. Finally, the economic impact biases should be considered when designing public health measures.
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Bacon A, Wang W, Lee H, Umrao S, Sinawang PD, Akin D, Khemtonglang K, Tan A, Hirshfield S, Demirci U, Wang X, Cunningham BT. Review of HIV Self Testing Technologies and Promising Approaches for the Next Generation. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:298. [PMID: 36832064 PMCID: PMC9954708 DOI: 10.3390/bios13020298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The ability to self-test for HIV is vital to preventing transmission, particularly when used in concert with HIV biomedical prevention modalities, such as pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). In this paper, we review recent developments in HIV self-testing and self-sampling methods, and the potential future impact of novel materials and methods that emerged through efforts to develop more effective point-of-care (POC) SARS-CoV-2 diagnostics. We address the gaps in existing HIV self-testing technologies, where improvements in test sensitivity, sample-to-answer time, simplicity, and cost are needed to enhance diagnostic accuracy and widespread accessibility. We discuss potential paths toward the next generation of HIV self-testing through sample collection materials, biosensing assay techniques, and miniaturized instrumentation. We discuss the implications for other applications, such as self-monitoring of HIV viral load and other infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Bacon
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Nick Holonyak Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Weijing Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Nick Holonyak Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Hankeun Lee
- Nick Holonyak Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Saurabh Umrao
- Nick Holonyak Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Center for Genomic Diagnostics, Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Prima Dewi Sinawang
- Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Demir Akin
- Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
- Center for Cancer Nanotechnology Excellence for Translational Diagnostics (CCNE-TD), School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kodchakorn Khemtonglang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Nick Holonyak Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Anqi Tan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Nick Holonyak Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Sabina Hirshfield
- Special Treatment and Research (STAR) Program, Department of Medicine, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York, NY 11203, USA
| | - Utkan Demirci
- Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Xing Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Nick Holonyak Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Center for Genomic Diagnostics, Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Brian T. Cunningham
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Nick Holonyak Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Center for Genomic Diagnostics, Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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Analysis of Antibodies Induced after SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination Using Antigen Coded Bead Array Luminex Technology. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11020442. [PMID: 36851319 PMCID: PMC9964277 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11020442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives. Since the outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 in late 2019, nearly 12.2 billion doses of the COVID-19 vaccine have been administered worldwide; however, the humoral immune responses induced by different types of vaccines are yet to be fully validated. Methods. We analyzed antibody levels in 100 serum samples after vaccination with different types of COVID-19 vaccines and their reactivity against the RBD antigen of Delta and Omicron variants using a bead-based microarray. Results. Elevated levels of anti-wild-type (WT)-RBD IgG and anti-WT-NP IgG were detected in participants who received two doses of the inactivated vaccines (CoronaVac or BBIBP-CorV) and three doses of the recombinant spike protein vaccine (ZF2001), indicating that antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 were generated regardless of the vaccine administered. We found highly correlated levels of serum anti-RBD IgG and anti-NP IgG (r = 0.432, p < 0.001). We observed that the antibodies produced in vivo after COVID-19 vaccination still reacted with variants of SARS-CoV-2 (p < 0.0001). Conclusions. Our results show that high levels of specific antibodies can be produced after completion of COVID-19 vaccination (two doses of the inactivated vaccines or three doses of ZF2001), with some degree of cross-reactivity to the RBD antigen of Delta and Omicron variants, and provide an accessible and practical experimental method for post-vaccination antibody detection.
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Aguilar R, Li X, Crowell CS, Burrell T, Vidal M, Rubio R, Jiménez A, Hernández-Luis P, Hofmann D, Mijočević H, Jeske S, Christa C, D'Ippolito E, Lingor P, Knolle PA, Roggendorf H, Priller A, Yazici S, Carolis C, Mayor A, Schreiner P, Poppert H, Beyer H, Schambeck SE, Izquierdo L, Tortajada M, Angulo A, Soutschek E, Engel P, Garcia-Basteiro A, Busch DH, Moncunill G, Protzer U, Dobaño C, Gerhard M. RBD-Based ELISA and Luminex Predict Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Surrogate-Neutralizing Activity in Two Longitudinal Cohorts of German and Spanish Health Care Workers. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0316522. [PMID: 36622140 PMCID: PMC9927417 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03165-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of antibodies to neutralize severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an important correlate of protection. For routine evaluation of protection, however, a simple and cost-efficient anti-SARS-CoV-2 serological assay predictive of serum neutralizing activity is needed. We analyzed clinical epidemiological data and blood samples from two cohorts of health care workers in Barcelona and Munich to compare several immunological readouts for evaluating antibody levels that could be surrogates of neutralizing activity. We measured IgG levels against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (S), its S2 subunit, the S1 receptor binding domain (RBD), and the full length and C terminus of nucleocapsid (N) protein by Luminex, and against RBD by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and assessed those as predictors of plasma surrogate-neutralizing activity measured by a flow cytometry assay. In addition, we determined the clinical and demographic factors affecting plasma surrogate-neutralizing capacity. Both cohorts showed a high positive correlation between IgG levels to S antigen, especially to RBD, and the levels of plasma surrogate-neutralizing activity, suggesting RBD IgG as a good correlate of plasma neutralizing activity. Symptomatic infection, with symptoms such as loss of taste, dyspnea, rigors, fever and fatigue, was positively associated with anti-RBD IgG positivity by ELISA and Luminex, and with plasma surrogate-neutralizing activity. Our serological assays allow for the prediction of serum neutralization activity without the cost, hazards, time, and expertise needed for surrogate or conventional neutralization assays. Once a cutoff is established, these relatively simple high-throughput antibody assays will provide a fast and cost-effective method of assessing levels of protection from SARS-CoV-2 infection. IMPORTANCE Neutralizing antibody titers are the best correlate of protection against SARS-CoV-2. However, current tests to measure plasma or serum neutralizing activity do not allow high-throughput screening at the population level. Serological tests could be an alternative if they are proved to be good predictors of plasma neutralizing activity. In this study, we analyzed the SARS-CoV-2 serological profiles of two cohorts of health care workers by applying Luminex and ELISA in-house serological assays. Correlations of both serological tests were assessed between them and with a flow cytometry assay to determine plasma surrogate-neutralizing activity. Both assays showed a high positive correlation between IgG levels to S antigens, especially RBD, and the levels of plasma surrogate-neutralizing activity. This result suggests IgG to RBD as a good correlate of plasma surrogate-neutralizing activity and indicates that serology of IgG to RBD could be used to assess levels of protection from SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Aguilar
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Xue Li
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology, and Hygiene, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Claudia S. Crowell
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology, and Hygiene, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Teresa Burrell
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology, and Hygiene, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Marta Vidal
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Rocio Rubio
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Alfons Jiménez
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pablo Hernández-Luis
- Immunology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dieter Hofmann
- Institute of Virology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Munich, Germany
| | - Hrvoje Mijočević
- Institute of Virology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Samuel Jeske
- Institute of Virology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Catharina Christa
- Institute of Virology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Elvira D'Ippolito
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology, and Hygiene, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Paul Lingor
- Klinikum rechts der Isar, Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Percy A. Knolle
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Munich, Germany
- Klinikum rechts der Isar, Institute of Molecular Immunology and Experimental Oncology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Hedwig Roggendorf
- Klinikum rechts der Isar, Institute of Molecular Immunology and Experimental Oncology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Alina Priller
- Klinikum rechts der Isar, Institute of Molecular Immunology and Experimental Oncology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sarah Yazici
- Klinikum rechts der Isar, Institute of Molecular Immunology and Experimental Oncology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Carlo Carolis
- Biomolecular Screening and Protein Technologies Unit, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alfredo Mayor
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Sophia E. Schambeck
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology, and Hygiene, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
- Helios Klinikum München West, Munich, Germany
| | - Luis Izquierdo
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Tortajada
- Occupational Health Department, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Angulo
- Immunology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Pablo Engel
- Immunology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alberto Garcia-Basteiro
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Hospital Clinic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dirk H. Busch
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology, and Hygiene, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Munich, Germany
| | - Gemma Moncunill
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ulrike Protzer
- Institute of Virology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Munich, Germany
| | - Carlota Dobaño
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Markus Gerhard
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology, and Hygiene, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Munich, Germany
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SARS-CoV-2 Seropositivity and HIV Viral Load Among Mozambican Pregnant Women. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2023; 92:115-121. [PMID: 36287578 PMCID: PMC9819199 DOI: 10.1097/qai.0000000000003120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prevalence estimates of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Africa are limited, particularly among pregnant women and in those living with HIV. This study assessed the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among Mozambican HIV-infected pregnant women during the first year of the pandemic, before COVID-19 vaccines were deployed in the country. SETTING The study was conducted in Manhiça district, a semirural area in southern Mozambique. METHODS A prospective cohort study including pregnant women living with HIV was conducted from November 2019 to June 2021. Women were enrolled at the first antenatal care clinic visit and followed until postpartum. HIV viral load and IgM/IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 were determined in blood samples at first antenatal care clinic visit and at delivery. Associations between SARS-CoV-2 serostatus and maternal characteristics at enrolment were analyzed. RESULTS A total of 397 women were enrolled. SARS-CoV-2 IgG/IgM antibodies were detected in 7.1% of women at enrolment and in 8.5% of women at delivery. Overall, SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were detected in 45 women (11.3%; 95% confidence interval 8.4 to 14.9%) during the study period; the first seropositive sample was identified in September 2020. Having undetectable HIV viral load was associated with seropositivity of SARS-CoV-2 IgG/IgM [odds ratio 3.35 (1.10 to 11.29); P = 0.039]. CONCLUSION Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in this cohort of Mozambican unvaccinated pregnant women was similar to reported global estimates of approximately 10% in pregnancy for 2021. The findings also suggest that pregnant women with high HIV viral load may have an impaired immune response against SARS-CoV-2 and might need to be carefully managed in case of COVID-19.
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Das S, Dunbar S. Multiplex Immunoassay Approaches Using Luminex® xMAP® Technology for the Study of COVID-19 Disease. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1412:479-489. [PMID: 37378784 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-28012-2_26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has been one of the most severe outbreaks of respiratory illness in history. The clinical symptoms of COVID-19 may be similar to flu, although they can be life-threatening, particularly in the elderly and immunocompromised population. Together with nucleic acid detection, serological testing has been essential for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection but has been critically important for studying the epidemiology, serosurveillance, and for vaccine research and development. Multiplexed immunoassay technologies have a particular advantage as they can simultaneously measure multiple analytes from a single sample. xMAP technology is a multiplex analysis platform that can measure up to 500 analytes at the same time from the same sample. It has been shown to be an important tool for studying immune response to the various SARS-CoV-2 antigens, as well as for measuring host protein biomarker levels as prognostic indicators of COVID-19. In this chapter, we describe several key studies where xMAP technology was used for multiplexed analysis of SARS-COV-2 antibody responses and host protein expression in COVID-19 patients.
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Cai R, Zhao F, Zhou H, Wang Z, Lin D, Huang L, Xie W, Chen J, Zhou L, Zhang N, Huang C. A tumor-associated autoantibody panel for the detection of non-small cell lung cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1056572. [PMID: 36531074 PMCID: PMC9757608 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1056572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the second most frequent malignancy and the leading cause of cancer-associated death worldwide. Compared with patients diagnosed at advanced disease stages, early detection of lung cancer significantly improved the 5-year survival rate from 3.3% to 48.8%, which highlights the importance of early detection. Although multiple technologies have been applied to the screening and early diagnosis of lung cancer so far, some limitations still exist so they could not fully suit the needs for clinical application. Evidence show that autoantibodies targeting tumor-associated antigens(TAAs) could be found in the sera of early-stage patients, and they are of great value in diagnosis. Methods, we identified and screened TAAs in early-stage non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC) samples using the serological analysis of recombinant cDNA expression libraries(SEREX). We measured the levels of the 36 autoantibodies targeting TAAs obtained by preliminary screening via liquid chip technique in the training set(332 serum samples from early-stage NSCLC patients, 167 samples from patients with benign lung lesions, and 208 samples from patients with no obvious abnormalities in lungs), and established a binary logistic regression model based on the levels of 8 autoantibodies to distinguish NSCLC samples. Results, We validated the diagnostic efficacy of this model in an independent test set(163 serum samples from early-stage NSCLC patients, and 183 samples from patients with benign lung lesions), the model performed well in distinguishing NSCLC samples with an AUC of 0.8194. After joining the levels of 4 serum tumor markers into its independent variables, the final model reached an AUC of 0.8568, this was better than just using the 8 autoantibodies (AUC:0.8194) or the 4 serum tumor markers alone(AUC: 0.6948). In conclusion, we screened and identified a set of autoantibodies in the sera of early-stage NSCLC patients through SEREX and liquid chip technique. Based on the levels of 8 autoantibodies, we established a binary logistic regression model that could diagnose early-stage NSCLC with high sensitivity and specificity, and the 4 conventional serum tumor markers were also suggested to be effective supplements for the 8 autoantibodies in the early diagnosis of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijun Cai
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feng Zhao
- Research and Development Department, Guangzhou BioBlue Technology Co. Ltd, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haiying Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, AIR Force Hospital of Southern Theater Command of People's Liberation Army of China (PLA), Guangzhou, China
| | - Zengsong Wang
- Research and Development Department, Guangzhou BioBlue Technology Co. Ltd, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dang Lin
- Research and Development Department, Guangzhou BioBlue Technology Co. Ltd, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lu Huang
- Research and Development Department, Guangzhou BioBlue Technology Co. Ltd, Guangzhou, China
- School of Pharmacutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenling Xie
- Research and Development Department, Guangzhou BioBlue Technology Co. Ltd, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiawen Chen
- Research and Development Department, Guangzhou BioBlue Technology Co. Ltd, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lamei Zhou
- Research and Development Department, Guangzhou BioBlue Technology Co. Ltd, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ni Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chaoyuan Huang
- Research and Development Department, Guangzhou BioBlue Technology Co. Ltd, Guangzhou, China
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Dobaño C, Ramírez-Morros A, Alonso S, Ruiz-Olalla G, Rubio R, Vidal M, Prados de la Torre E, Jairoce C, Mitchell RA, Barrios D, Jiménez A, Rodrigo Melero N, Carolis C, Izquierdo L, Zanoncello J, Aguilar R, Vidal-Alaball J, Moncunill G, Ruiz-Comellas A. Eleven-month longitudinal study of antibodies in SARS-CoV-2 exposed and naïve primary health care workers upon COVID-19 vaccination. Immunology 2022; 167:528-543. [PMID: 36065677 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the kinetics of antibody responses to Two years into the COVID-19 pandemic and 1 year after the start of vaccination rollout, the world faced a peak of cases associated with the highly contagious Omicron variant of concern (VoC) of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike (S) and nucleocapsid (N) antigens over five cross-sectional visits (January-November 2021), and the determinants of pre-booster immunoglobulin levels, in a prospective cohort of vaccinated primary health care workers in Catalonia, Spain. Antibodies against S antigens after a full primary vaccination course, mostly with BNT162b2, decreased steadily over time and were higher in pre-exposed (n = 247) than naïve (n = 200) individuals, but seropositivity was maintained at 100% (100% IgG, 95.5% IgA, 30.6% IgM) up to 319 days after the first dose. Antibody binding to variants of concern was highly maintained for IgG compared to wild type but significantly reduced for IgA and IgM, particularly for Beta and Gamma. Factors significantly associated with longer-term antibodies included age, sex, occupation, smoking, adverse reaction to vaccination, levels of pre-vaccination SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, interval between disease onset and vaccination, hospitalization, oxygen supply, post COVID and symptomatology. Earlier morning vaccination hours were associated with higher IgG responses in pre-exposed participants. Symptomatic breakthroughs occurred in 9/447 (2.01%) individuals, all among naïve (9/200, 4.5%) and generally boosted antibody responses. Additionally, an increase in IgA and/or IgM seropositivity to variants, and N seroconversion at later time points (6.54%), indicated asymptomatic breakthrough infections, even among pre-exposed. Seropositivity remained highly stable over almost a year after vaccination. However, gradually waning of anti-S IgGs that correlate with neutralizing activity, coupled to evidence of an increase in breakthrough infections during the Delta and Omicron predominance, provides a rationale for booster immunization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlota Dobaño
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Ramírez-Morros
- Unitat de Suport a la Recerca de la Catalunya Central, Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina, Sant Fruitós de Bages, Spain
| | - Selena Alonso
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Gemma Ruiz-Olalla
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Rocío Rubio
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Marta Vidal
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | | | - Chenjerai Jairoce
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Robert A Mitchell
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Diana Barrios
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Alfons Jiménez
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- CIBERESP, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Natalia Rodrigo Melero
- Biomolecular Screening and Protein Technologies Unit, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlo Carolis
- Biomolecular Screening and Protein Technologies Unit, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis Izquierdo
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jasmina Zanoncello
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Ruth Aguilar
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Josep Vidal-Alaball
- Unitat de Suport a la Recerca de la Catalunya Central, Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina, Sant Fruitós de Bages, Spain
- Health Promotion in Rural Areas Research Group, Gerència Territorial de la Catalunya Central, Institut Català de la Salut, Sant Fruitós de Bages, Spain
| | - Gemma Moncunill
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Ruiz-Comellas
- Unitat de Suport a la Recerca de la Catalunya Central, Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina, Sant Fruitós de Bages, Spain
- Health Promotion in Rural Areas Research Group, Gerència Territorial de la Catalunya Central, Institut Català de la Salut, Sant Fruitós de Bages, Spain
- Centre d'Atenció Primària (CAP) Sant Joan de Vilatorrada, Gerència Territorial de la Catalunya Central, Institut Català de la Salut, Sant Fruitós de Bages, Spain
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15
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Egia-Mendikute L, Bosch A, Prieto-Fernández E, Vila-Vecilla L, Zanetti SR, Lee SY, Jiménez-Lasheras B, García del Río A, Antoñana-Vildosola A, de Blas A, Velasco-Beltrán P, Serrano-Maciá M, Iruzubieta P, Mehrpouyan M, Goldberg EM, Bornheimer SJ, Embade N, Martínez-Chantar ML, López-Hoyos M, Mato JM, Millet Ó, Palazón A. A flow cytometry-based neutralization assay for simultaneous evaluation of blocking antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 variants. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1014309. [PMID: 36505411 PMCID: PMC9730237 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1014309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 have alleviated infection rates, hospitalization and deaths associated with COVID-19. In order to monitor humoral immunity, several serology tests have been developed, but the recent emergence of variants of concern has revealed the need for assays that predict the neutralizing capacity of antibodies in a fast and adaptable manner. Sensitive and fast neutralization assays would allow a timely evaluation of immunity against emerging variants and support drug and vaccine discovery efforts. Here we describe a simple, fast, and cell-free multiplexed flow cytometry assay to interrogate the ability of antibodies to prevent the interaction of Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the original Wuhan-1 SARS-CoV-2 strain and emerging variants simultaneously, as a surrogate neutralization assay. Using this method, we demonstrate that serum antibodies collected from representative individuals at different time-points during the pandemic present variable neutralizing activity against emerging variants, such as Omicron BA.1 and South African B.1.351. Importantly, antibodies present in samples collected during 2021, before the third dose of the vaccine was administered, do not confer complete neutralization against Omicron BA.1, as opposed to samples collected in 2022 which show significant neutralizing activity. The proposed approach has a comparable performance to other established surrogate methods such as cell-based assays using pseudotyped lentiviral particles expressing the spike of SARS-CoV-2, as demonstrated by the assessment of the blocking activity of therapeutic antibodies (i.e. Imdevimab) and serum samples. This method offers a scalable, cost effective and adaptable platform for the dynamic evaluation of antibody protection in affected populations against variants of SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leire Egia-Mendikute
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain
| | - Alexandre Bosch
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain
| | - Endika Prieto-Fernández
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain
| | - Laura Vila-Vecilla
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain
| | - Samanta Romina Zanetti
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain
| | - So Young Lee
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain
| | - Borja Jiménez-Lasheras
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain
| | - Ana García del Río
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain
| | - Asier Antoñana-Vildosola
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain
| | - Ander de Blas
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain
| | - Paloma Velasco-Beltrán
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain
| | - Marina Serrano-Maciá
- Liver Disease Lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain
| | - Paula Iruzubieta
- Servicio Inmunología, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla-IDIVAL, Cantabria, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Nieves Embade
- Precision Medicine and Metabolism Lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain
| | - María L. Martínez-Chantar
- Liver Disease Lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marcos López-Hoyos
- Servicio Inmunología, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla-IDIVAL, Cantabria, Spain
| | - José M. Mato
- Precision Medicine and Metabolism Lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Óscar Millet
- Precision Medicine and Metabolism Lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Asís Palazón
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain,Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bizkaia, Spain,*Correspondence: Asís Palazón,
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16
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Whitley CS, Mitchell TC. Monobiotinylated Proteins Tethered to Microspheres for Detection of Antigen-Specific Serum Antibodies. J Biol Methods 2022; 8:e164. [PMID: 36438426 PMCID: PMC9682163 DOI: 10.14440/jbm.2022.390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Surface modified microspheres have been leveraged as a useful way to immobilize antigen for serological studies. The use of carboxyl modified microspheres for this purpose is well-established, but commonly associated with technical challenges. Streptavidin modified microspheres require little technical expertise and thus address some of the shortcomings of carboxyl microspheres. An additional feature of streptavidin microspheres is the use of mono-biotinylated proteins, which contain a single biotinylation motif at the C-terminus. However, the relative performance of streptavidin and carboxyl microspheres is unknown. Here, we performed a head-to-head comparison of streptavidin and carboxyl microspheres. We compared antigen binding, orientation, and staining quality and found that both microspheres perform similarly based on these defined parameters. We also evaluated the utility of streptavidin microspheres bound to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) receptor binding domain (RBD), to reliably detect RBD-specific IgG1, IgG3, and IgA1 produced in individuals recently immunized with Pfizer/BioNTech mRNA coronavirus disease (COVID) vaccine as 'proof-of-concept'. We provide evidence that each of the antibody targets are detectable in serum using RBD-coated microspheres, Ig-specific 'detector' monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), and flow cytometry. We found that cross-reactivity of the detector mAbs can be minimized by antibody titration to improve differentiation between IgG1 and IgG3. We also coated streptavidin microspheres with SARS-CoV-2 delta variant RBD to determine if the streptavidin microsphere approach revealed any differences in binding of immune serum antibodies to wild-type (Wuhan) versus variant RBD (Delta). Overall, our results show that streptavidin microspheres loaded with mono-biotinylated antigen is a robust alternative to chemically cross-linking antigen to carboxyl microspheres for use in serological assays.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas C. Mitchell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, 505 S. Hancock St., Louisville KY 40202
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17
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Karachaliou M, Moncunill G, Espinosa A, Castaño-Vinyals G, Rubio R, Vidal M, Jiménez A, Prados E, Carreras A, Cortés B, Blay N, Bañuls M, Pleguezuelos V, Melero NR, Serra P, Parras D, Izquierdo L, Santamaría P, Carolis C, Papantoniou K, Goldberg X, Aguilar R, Garcia-Aymerich J, de Cid R, Kogevinas M, Dobaño C. SARS-CoV-2 infection, vaccination, and antibody response trajectories in adults: a cohort study in Catalonia. BMC Med 2022; 20:347. [PMID: 36109713 PMCID: PMC9479347 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-022-02547-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heterogeneity of the population in relation to infection, COVID-19 vaccination, and host characteristics is likely reflected in the underlying SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses. METHODS We measured IgM, IgA, and IgG levels against SARS-CoV-2 spike and nucleocapsid antigens in 1076 adults of a cohort study in Catalonia between June and November 2020 and a second time between May and July 2021. Questionnaire data and electronic health records on vaccination and COVID-19 testing were available in both periods. Data on several lifestyle, health-related, and sociodemographic characteristics were also available. RESULTS Antibody seroreversion occurred in 35.8% of the 64 participants non-vaccinated and infected almost a year ago and was related to asymptomatic infection, age above 60 years, and smoking. Moreover, the analysis on kinetics revealed that among all responses, IgG RBD, IgA RBD, and IgG S2 decreased less within 1 year after infection. Among vaccinated, 2.1% did not present antibodies at the time of testing and approximately 1% had breakthrough infections post-vaccination. In the post-vaccination era, IgM responses and those against nucleoprotein were much less prevalent. In previously infected individuals, vaccination boosted the immune response and there was a slight but statistically significant increase in responses after a 2nd compared to the 1st dose. Infected vaccinated participants had superior antibody levels across time compared to naïve-vaccinated people. mRNA vaccines and, particularly the Spikevax, induced higher antibodies after 1st and 2nd doses compared to Vaxzevria or Janssen COVID-19 vaccines. In multivariable regression analyses, antibody responses after vaccination were predicted by the type of vaccine, infection age, sex, smoking, and mental and cardiovascular diseases. CONCLUSIONS Our data support that infected people would benefit from vaccination. Results also indicate that hybrid immunity results in superior antibody responses and infection-naïve people would need a booster dose earlier than previously infected people. Mental diseases are associated with less efficient responses to vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Karachaliou
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Doctor Aiguader, 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Gemma Moncunill
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Doctor Aiguader, 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Espinosa
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Doctor Aiguader, 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 08036, Madrid, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.,Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Castaño-Vinyals
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Doctor Aiguader, 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 08036, Madrid, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.,Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rocío Rubio
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Doctor Aiguader, 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Vidal
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Doctor Aiguader, 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alfons Jiménez
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Doctor Aiguader, 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 08036, Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Prados
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Doctor Aiguader, 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Carreras
- Genomes for Life-GCAT lab. Institute for Health Science Research Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
| | - Beatriz Cortés
- Genomes for Life-GCAT lab. Institute for Health Science Research Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
| | - Natàlia Blay
- Genomes for Life-GCAT lab. Institute for Health Science Research Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
| | - Marc Bañuls
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Doctor Aiguader, 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Pau Serra
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Parras
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis Izquierdo
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Doctor Aiguader, 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pere Santamaría
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Carlo Carolis
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kyriaki Papantoniou
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ximena Goldberg
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Doctor Aiguader, 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ruth Aguilar
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Doctor Aiguader, 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Judith Garcia-Aymerich
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Doctor Aiguader, 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 08036, Madrid, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.,Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael de Cid
- Genomes for Life-GCAT lab. Institute for Health Science Research Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
| | - Manolis Kogevinas
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Doctor Aiguader, 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 08036, Madrid, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.,Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlota Dobaño
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Doctor Aiguader, 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Barcelona, Spain. .,Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Carrer Rosello 132, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.
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18
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Prados de la Torre E, Obando I, Vidal M, de Felipe B, Aguilar R, Izquierdo L, Carolis C, Olbrich P, Capilla-Miranda A, Serra P, Santamaria P, Blanco-Lobo P, Moncunill G, Rodríguez-Ortega MJ, Dobaño C. SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence Study in Pediatric Patients and Health Care Workers Using Multiplex Antibody Immunoassays. Viruses 2022; 14:v14092039. [PMID: 36146844 PMCID: PMC9502584 DOI: 10.3390/v14092039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection has become a global health problem specially exacerbated with the continuous appearance of new variants. Healthcare workers (HCW) have been one of the most affected sectors. Children have also been affected, and although infection generally presents as a mild disease, some have developed the Pediatric Inflammatory Multisystem Syndrome Temporally Associated with SARS-CoV-2 (PIMS-TS). We recruited 190 adults (HCW and cohabitants, April to June 2020) and 57 children (April 2020 to September 2021), of whom 12 developed PIMS-TS, in a hospital-based study in Spain. Using an in-house Luminex assay previously validated, antibody levels were measured against different spike and nucleocapsid SARS-CoV-2 proteins, including the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the Alpha, Beta, Gamma, and Delta variants of concern (VoC). Seropositivity rates obtained from children and adults, respectively, were: 49.1% and 11% for IgG, 45.6% and 5.8% for IgA, and 35.1% and 7.3% for IgM. Higher antibody levels were detected in children who developed PIMS-TS compared to those who did not. Using the COVID-19 IgM/IgA ELISA (Vircell, S.L.) kit, widely implemented in Spanish hospitals, a high number of false positives and lower seroprevalences compared with the Luminex estimates were found, indicating a significantly lower specificity and sensitivity. Comparison of antibody levels against RBD-Wuhan versus RBD-VoCs indicated that the strongest positive correlations for all three isotypes were with RBD-Alpha, while the lowest correlations were with RBD-Delta for IgG, RBD-Gamma for IgM, and RBD-Beta for IgA. This study highlights the differences in antibody levels between groups with different demographic and clinical characteristics, as well as reporting the IgG, IgM, and IgA response to RBD VoC circulating at the study period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Prados de la Torre
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Campus de Excelencia Internacional CeiA3, Universidad de Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Ignacio Obando
- Unidad de Pediatría, Sección de Infectología, Reumatología e Inmunología Pediátrica, Hospital Infantil Virgen del Rocío, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, RITIP, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Marta Vidal
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic—Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Beatriz de Felipe
- Unidad de Pediatría, Sección de Infectología, Reumatología e Inmunología Pediátrica, Hospital Infantil Virgen del Rocío, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, RITIP, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ruth Aguilar
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic—Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis Izquierdo
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic—Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlo Carolis
- Biomolecular Screening and Protein Technologies Unit, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Peter Olbrich
- Unidad de Pediatría, Sección de Infectología, Reumatología e Inmunología Pediátrica, Hospital Infantil Virgen del Rocío, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, RITIP, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ana Capilla-Miranda
- Unidad de Pediatría, Sección de Infectología, Reumatología e Inmunología Pediátrica, Hospital Infantil Virgen del Rocío, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, RITIP, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Pau Serra
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pere Santamaria
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Pilar Blanco-Lobo
- Unidad de Pediatría, Sección de Infectología, Reumatología e Inmunología Pediátrica, Hospital Infantil Virgen del Rocío, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, RITIP, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Gemma Moncunill
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic—Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (G.M.); (M.J.R.-O.); (C.D.)
| | - Manuel J. Rodríguez-Ortega
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Campus de Excelencia Internacional CeiA3, Universidad de Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
- Correspondence: (G.M.); (M.J.R.-O.); (C.D.)
| | - Carlota Dobaño
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic—Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (G.M.); (M.J.R.-O.); (C.D.)
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19
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Ellipilli S, Wang H, Lee WJ, Shu D, Guo P. Proof-of-concept for speedy development of rapid and simple at-home method for potential diagnosis of early COVID-19 mutant infections using nanogold and aptamer. NANOMEDICINE : NANOTECHNOLOGY, BIOLOGY, AND MEDICINE 2022; 45:102590. [PMID: 35905841 PMCID: PMC9315840 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2022.102590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The positive single-stranded nature of COVID-19 mRNA led to the low proof-reading efficacy for its genome authentication. Thus mutant covid-19 strains have been rapidly evolving. Besides Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, and Omicron variants, currently, subvariants of omicron are circulating, including BA.4, BA.5, and BA.2.12.1. Therefore, the speedy development of a rapid, simple, and easier diagnosis method to deal with new mutant covid viral infection is critically important. Many diagnosis methods have been developed for COVID-19 detection such as RT-PCR and antibodies detection. However, the former is time-consuming, laborious, and expensive, and the latter relies on the production of antibodies making it not suitable for the early diagnosis of viral infection. Many lateral-flow methods are available but might not be suitable for detecting the mutants, Here we proved the concept for the speedy development of a simple, rapid, and cost-effective early at-home diagnosis method for mutant Covid-19 infection by combining a new aptamer. The idea is to use the current lateral flow Covid-19 diagnosis system available in the market or to use one existing antibody for the Lateral Flow Nitrocellulose filter. To prove the concept, the DNA aptamer specific to spike proteins (S-proteins) was conjugated to gold nanoparticles and served as a detection probe. An antibody that is specific to spike proteins overexpressed on COVID viral particles was used as a second probe immobilized to the nitrocellulose membrane. The aptamer conjugated nanoparticles were incubated with spike proteins for half an hour and tested for their ability to bind to antibodies anchored on the nitrocellulose membrane. The gold nanoparticles were visualized on the nitrocellulose membrane due to interaction between the antigen (S-protein) with both the aptamer and the antibody. Thus, the detection of viral antigen can be obtained within 2 h, with a cost of less than $5 for the diagnosis reagent. In the future, as long as the mutant of the newly emerged viral surface protein is reported, a peptide or protein corresponding to the mutation can be produced by peptide synthesis or gene cloning within several days. An RNA or DNA aptamer can be generated quickly via SELEX. A gold-labeled aptamer specific to spike proteins (S-proteins) will serve as a detection probe. Any available lateral-flow diagnosis kits with an immobilized antibody that has been available on the market, or simply an antibody that binds COVID-19 virus might be used as a second probe immobilized on the nitrocellulose. The diagnosis method can be carried out by patients at home if a clinical trial verifies the feasibility and specificity of this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satheesh Ellipilli
- Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Hongzhi Wang
- Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Wen-Jui Lee
- Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Dan Shu
- Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Peixuan Guo
- Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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20
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Zhong Z, Wang J, He S, Su X, Huang W, Chen M, Zhuo Z, Zhu X, Fang M, Li T, Zhang S, Ge S, Zhang J, Xia N. An encodable multiplex microsphere-phase amplification sensing platform detects SARS-CoV-2 mutations. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 203:114032. [PMID: 35131697 PMCID: PMC8802492 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) contain several single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) at key sites in the receptor-binding region (RBD) that enhance infectivity and transmission, as well as cause immune escape, resulting in an aggravation of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Emerging VOCs have sparked the need for a diagnostic method capable of simultaneously monitoring these SNVs. To date, no highly sensitive, efficient clinical tool exists to monitor SNVs simultaneously. Here, an encodable multiplex microsphere-phase amplification (MMPA) sensing platform that combines primer-coded microsphere technology with dual fluorescence decoding strategy to detect SARS-CoV-2 RNA and simultaneously identify 10 key SNVs in the RBD. MMPA limits the amplification refractory mutation system PCR (ARMS-PCR) reaction for specific target sequence to the surface of a microsphere with specific fluorescence coding. This effectively solves the problem of non-specific amplification among primers and probes in multiplex PCR. For signal detection, specific fluorescence codes inside microspheres are used to determine the corresponding relationship between the microspheres and the SNV sites, while the report probes hybridized with PCR products are used to detect the microsphere amplification intensity. The MMPA platform offers a lower SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection limit of 28 copies/reaction, the ability to detect a respiratory pathogen panel without cross-reactivity, and a SNV analysis accuracy level comparable to that of sequencing. Moreover, this super-multiple parallel SNVs detection method enables a timely updating of the panel of detected SNVs that accompanies changing VOCs, and presents a clinical availability that traditional sequencing methods do not.
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21
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Mousavi SM, Hashemi SA, Kalashgrani MY, Gholami A, Omidifar N, Babapoor A, Vijayakameswara Rao N, Chiang WH. Recent Advances in Plasma-Engineered Polymers for Biomarker-Based Viral Detection and Highly Multiplexed Analysis. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12050286. [PMID: 35624587 PMCID: PMC9138656 DOI: 10.3390/bios12050286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Infectious diseases remain a pervasive threat to global and public health, especially in many countries and rural urban areas. The main causes of such severe diseases are the lack of appropriate analytical methods and subsequent treatment strategies due to limited access to centralized and equipped medical centers for detection. Rapid and accurate diagnosis in biomedicine and healthcare is essential for the effective treatment of pathogenic viruses as well as early detection. Plasma-engineered polymers are used worldwide for viral infections in conjunction with molecular detection of biomarkers. Plasma-engineered polymers for biomarker-based viral detection are generally inexpensive and offer great potential. For biomarker-based virus detection, plasma-based polymers appear to be potential biological probes and have been used directly with physiological components to perform highly multiplexed analyses simultaneously. The simultaneous measurement of multiple clinical parameters from the same sample volume is possible using highly multiplexed analysis to detect human viral infections, thereby reducing the time and cost required to collect each data point. This article reviews recent studies on the efficacy of plasma-engineered polymers as a detection method against human pandemic viruses. In this review study, we examine polymer biomarkers, plasma-engineered polymers, highly multiplexed analyses for viral infections, and recent applications of polymer-based biomarkers for virus detection. Finally, we provide an outlook on recent advances in the field of plasma-engineered polymers for biomarker-based virus detection and highly multiplexed analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyyed Mojtaba Mousavi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei City 106335, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: (S.M.M.); (W.-H.C.)
| | - Seyyed Alireza Hashemi
- Nanomaterials and Polymer Nanocomposites Laboratory, School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada;
| | - Masoomeh Yari Kalashgrani
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71468-64685, Iran; (M.Y.K.); (A.G.)
| | - Ahmad Gholami
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71468-64685, Iran; (M.Y.K.); (A.G.)
| | - Navid Omidifar
- Department of Pathology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71468-64685, Iran;
| | - Aziz Babapoor
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Mohaghegh Ardabil, Ardabil 56199-11367, Iran;
| | - Neralla Vijayakameswara Rao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei City 106335, Taiwan;
| | - Wei-Hung Chiang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei City 106335, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: (S.M.M.); (W.-H.C.)
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22
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Validation of xMAP SARS-CoV-2 Multi-Antigen IgG assay in Nigeria. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266184. [PMID: 35363818 PMCID: PMC8974966 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective There is a need for reliable serological assays to determine accurate estimates of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) seroprevalence. Most single target antigen assays have shown some limitations in Africa. To assess the performance of a multi-antigen assay, we evaluated a commercially available SARS-CoV-2 Multi-Antigen IgG assay for human coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Nigeria. Methods Validation of the xMAP SARS-CoV-2 Multi-Antigen IgG assay was carried out using well-characterized SARS-CoV-2 reverse transcription polymerase chain reactive positive (97) and pre-COVID-19 pandemic (86) plasma panels. Cross-reactivity was assessed using pre-COVID-19 pandemic plasma specimens (213) from the 2018 Nigeria HIV/AIDS Indicator and Impact Survey (NAIIS). Results The overall sensitivity of the xMAP SARS-CoV-2 Multi-Antigen IgG assay was 75.3% [95% CI: 65.8%– 82.8%] and specificity was 99.0% [95% CI: 96.8%– 99.7%]. The sensitivity estimate increased to 83.3% [95% CI: 70.4%– 91.3%] for specimens >14 days post-confirmation of diagnosis. However, using the NAIIS pre-pandemic specimens, the false positivity rate was 1.4% (3/213). Conclusions Our results showed overall lower sensitivity and a comparable specificity with the manufacturer’s validation. There appears to be less cross-reactivity with NAIIS pre-pandemic COVID-19 specimens using the xMAP SARS-CoV-2 Multi-Antigen IgG assay. In-country SARS-CoV-2 serology assay validation can help guide the best choice of assays in Africa.
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23
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Fisher M, Manor A, Abramovitch H, Fatelevich E, Afrimov Y, Bilinsky G, Lupu E, Ben-Shmuel A, Glinert I, Madar-Balakirski N, Marcus H, Mechaly A. A Novel Quantitative Multi-Component Serological Assay for SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Evaluation. Anal Chem 2022; 94:4380-4389. [PMID: 35230823 PMCID: PMC8903214 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c05264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A multi-component microarray, applying a novel analysis algorithm, was developed for quantitative evaluation of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccines' immunogenicity. The array enables simultaneous quantitation of IgG, IgM, and IgA, specific to the SARS-CoV-2 spike, receptor binding domain, and nucleocapsid proteins. The developed methodology is based on calculating an apparent immunoglobulin signal from the linear range of the fluorescent read-outs generated by scanning the microarray slides at different exposure times. A dedicated algorithm, employing a rigorous set of embedded conditions, then generates a normalized signal for each of the unique assays. Qualification of the multi-component array performance (evaluating linearity, extended dynamic-range, specificity, precision, and accuracy) was carried out with an in-house COVID-19, qRT-PCR positive serum, as well as pre-pandemic commercial negative sera. Results were compared to the WHO international standard for anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulins. Specific IgG, IgM, and IgA signals obtained by this array enabled successful discrimination between SARS-CoV-2 q-RT-PCR positive (seroconverted SARS-CoV-2 patients) and negative (naïve) samples. This array is currently used for evaluation of the humoral response to BriLife, the VSV-based Israeli vaccine during phase I/II clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morly Fisher
- Department
of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute
for Biological Research, 7410001 Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | - Alon Manor
- Department
of Environmental Physics, Israel Institute
for Biological Research, 7410001 Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Hagar Abramovitch
- Department
of Quality Assurance, Israel Institute for
Biological Research, 7410001 Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Ella Fatelevich
- Department
of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute
for Biological Research, 7410001 Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | - Yafa Afrimov
- Department
of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute
for Biological Research, 7410001 Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | - Gal Bilinsky
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, 7410001 Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Edith Lupu
- Department
of Biotechnology, Israel Institute for Biological
Research, 7410001 Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Amir Ben-Shmuel
- Department
of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute
for Biological Research, 7410001 Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | - Itai Glinert
- Department
of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute
for Biological Research, 7410001 Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | - Noa Madar-Balakirski
- Department
of Pharmacology, Israel Institute for Biological
Research, 7410001 Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Hadar Marcus
- Department
of Biotechnology, Israel Institute for Biological
Research, 7410001 Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Adva Mechaly
- Department
of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute
for Biological Research, 7410001 Ness-Ziona, Israel
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24
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Performance of Immunoglobulin G Serology on Finger Prick Capillary Dried Blood Spot Samples to Detect a SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Response. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0140521. [PMID: 35266818 PMCID: PMC9045222 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01405-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigate the diagnostic accuracy and predictive value of finger prick capillary dried blood spot (DBS) samples tested by a quantitative multiplex anti-immunoglobulin G (IgG) assay to detect severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibodies after infection or vaccination. This cross-sectional study involved participants (n = 6,841) from several serological surveys conducted in nonhospitalized children and adults throughout 2020 and 2021 in British Columbia (BC), Canada. Analysis used paired DBS and serum samples from a subset of participants (n = 642) prior to vaccination to establish signal thresholds and calculate diagnostic accuracy by logistic regression. Discrimination of the logistic regression model was assessed by receiver operator curve (ROC) analysis in an n = 2,000 bootstrap of the paired sample (n = 642). The model was cross-validated in a subset of vaccinated persons (n = 90). Unpaired DBS samples (n = 6,723) were used to evaluate anti-IgG signal distributions. In comparison to paired serum, DBS samples from an unvaccinated population possessed a sensitivity of 79% (95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 58 to 91%) and specificity of 97% (95% CI: 95 to 98%). ROC analysis found that DBS samples accurately classify SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion at an 88% percent rate (area under the curve [AUC] = 88% [95% CI: 80 to 95%]). In coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine dose one or two recipients, the sensitivity of DBS testing increased to 97% (95% CI: 83 to 99%) and 100% (95% CI: 88 to 100%). Modeling found that DBS testing possesses a high positive predictive value (98% [95% CI: 97 to 98%]) in a population with 75% seroprevalence. We demonstrate that DBS testing should be considered to reliably detect SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity from natural infection or vaccination. IMPORTANCE Dried blood spot samples have comparable diagnostic accuracy to serum collected by venipuncture when tested by an electrochemiluminescent assay for antibodies and should be considered to reliably detect seropositivity following SARS-CoV-2 infection and/or vaccination.
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25
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Acharjee A, Stephen Kingsly J, Kamat M, Kurlawala V, Chakraborty A, Vyas P, Vaishnav R, Srivastava S. Rise of the SARS-CoV-2 Variants: can proteomics be the silver bullet? Expert Rev Proteomics 2022; 19:197-212. [PMID: 35655386 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2022.2085564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The challenges posed by emergent strains of SARS-CoV-2 need to be tackled by contemporary scientific approaches, with proteomics playing a significant role. AREAS COVERED In this review, we provide a brief synthesis of the impact of proteomics technologies in elucidating disease pathogenesis and classifiers for the prognosis of COVID-19 and propose proteomics methodologies that could play a crucial role in understanding emerging variants and their altered disease pathology. From aiding the design of novel drug candidates to facilitating the identification of T cell vaccine targets, we have discussed the impact of proteomics methods in COVID-19 research. Techniques varied as mass spectrometry, single-cell proteomics, multiplexed ELISA arrays, high-density proteome arrays, surface plasmon resonance, immunopeptidomics, and in silico docking studies that have helped augment the fight against existing diseases were useful in preparing us to tackle SARS-CoV-2 variants. We also propose an action plan for a pipeline to combat emerging pandemics using proteomics technology by adopting uniform standard operating procedures and unified data analysis paradigms. EXPERT OPINION The knowledge about the use of diverse proteomics approaches for COVID-19 investigation will provide a framework for future basic research, better infectious disease prevention strategies, improved diagnostics, and targeted therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arup Acharjee
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | | | - Madhura Kamat
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sunandan Divatia School of Science, SVKM's NMIMS (Deemed-to-be University), Mumbai, India
| | - Vishakha Kurlawala
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sunandan Divatia School of Science, SVKM's NMIMS (Deemed-to-be University), Mumbai, India
| | | | - Priyanka Vyas
- Department of Biotechnology and Botany, Mahila PG Mahavidyalaya, J. N. V University, Jodhpur, India
| | - Radhika Vaishnav
- Department of Life Sciences, Ivy Tech Community College, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Sanjeeva Srivastava
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
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26
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Dobaño C, Alonso S, Vidal M, Jiménez A, Rubio R, Santano R, Barrios D, Pons Tomas G, Melé Casas M, Hernández García M, Girona-Alarcón M, Puyol L, Baro B, Millat-Martínez P, Ajanovic S, Balanza N, Arias S, Rodrigo Melero N, Carolis C, García-Miquel A, Bonet-Carné E, Claverol J, Cubells M, Fortuny C, Fumadó V, Codina A, Bassat Q, Muñoz-Almagro C, Fernández de Sevilla M, Gratacós E, Izquierdo L, García-García JJ, Aguilar R, Jordan I, Moncunill G. Multiplex Antibody Analysis of IgM, IgA and IgG to SARS-CoV-2 in Saliva and Serum From Infected Children and Their Close Contacts. Front Immunol 2022; 13:751705. [PMID: 35154094 PMCID: PMC8828491 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.751705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 affects children to a lesser extent than adults but they can still get infected and transmit SARS-CoV-2 to their contacts. Field deployable non-invasive sensitive diagnostic techniques are needed to evaluate the infectivity dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 in pediatric populations and guide public health interventions, particularly if this population is not fully vaccinated. We evaluated the utility of high-throughput Luminex assays to quantify saliva IgM, IgA and IgG antibodies against five SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) and nucleocapsid (N) antigens in a contacts and infectivity longitudinal study in 122 individuals (52 children and 70 adults). We compared saliva versus serum/plasma samples in infected children and adults diagnosed by weekly RT-PCR over 35 days (n=62), and those who consistently tested negative over the same follow up period (n=60), in the Summer of 2020 in Barcelona, Spain. Saliva antibody levels in SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR positive individuals were significantly higher than in negative individuals and correlated with those measured in sera/plasmas. Asymptomatic infected individuals had higher levels of anti-S IgG than symptomatic individuals, suggesting a protective anti-disease role for antibodies. Higher anti-S IgG and IgM levels in serum/plasma and saliva, respectively, in infected children compared to infected adults could also be related to stronger clinical immunity in them. Among infected children, males had higher levels of saliva IgG to N and RBD than females. Despite overall correlation, individual clustering analysis suggested that responses that may not be detected in blood could be patent in saliva, and vice versa. In conclusion, measurement of SARS-CoV-2-specific saliva antibodies should be considered as a complementary non-invasive assay to serum/plasma to determine COVID-19 prevalence and transmission in pediatric populations before and after vaccination campaigns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlota Dobaño
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Selena Alonso
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Vidal
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alfons Jiménez
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocío Rubio
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rebeca Santano
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Diana Barrios
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Pons Tomas
- Pediatrics Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Esplugues, Spain
| | - María Melé Casas
- Pediatrics Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Esplugues, Spain
| | - María Hernández García
- Pediatrics Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Esplugues, Spain
| | - Mònica Girona-Alarcón
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues, Spain.,Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Puyol
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Barbara Baro
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Sara Ajanovic
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Balanza
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Arias
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Natalia Rodrigo Melero
- Biomolecular Screening and Protein Technologies Unit, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlo Carolis
- Biomolecular Screening and Protein Technologies Unit, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aleix García-Miquel
- Fetal Medicine Research Center (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisenda Bonet-Carné
- Fetal Medicine Research Center (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, BarcelonaTech, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joana Claverol
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues, Spain.,Fundació Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Cubells
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues, Spain.,Fundació Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Claudia Fortuny
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues, Spain.,Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Victoria Fumadó
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues, Spain.,Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Codina
- Biobank Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Quique Bassat
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Pediatrics Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Esplugues, Spain.,Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique.,Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen Muñoz-Almagro
- Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain.,Molecular Microbiology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues, Spain
| | - Mariona Fernández de Sevilla
- Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Pediatrics Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Esplugues, Spain.,Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues, Spain
| | - Eduard Gratacós
- Fetal Medicine Research Center (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBER-ER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Izquierdo
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan José García-García
- Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Pediatrics Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Esplugues, Spain.,Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues, Spain
| | - Ruth Aguilar
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Iolanda Jordan
- Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues, Spain.,Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Moncunill
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Madrid, Spain
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Guarino C, Larson E, Babasyan S, Rollins A, Joshi LR, Laverack M, Parrilla L, Plocharczyk E, Diel DG, Wagner B. Development of a quantitative COVID-19 multiplex assay and its use for serological surveillance in a low SARS-CoV-2 incidence community. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262868. [PMID: 35061843 PMCID: PMC8782306 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A serological COVID-19 Multiplex Assay was developed and validated using serum samples from convalescent patients and those collected prior to the 2020 pandemic. After initial testing of multiple potential antigens, the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein (NP) and receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein were selected for the human COVID-19 Multiplex Assay. A comparison of synthesized and mammalian expressed RBD proteins revealed clear advantages of mammalian expression. Antibodies directed against NP strongly correlated with SARS-CoV-2 virus neutralization assay titers (rsp = 0.726), while anti-RBD correlation was moderate (rsp = 0.436). Pan-Ig, IgG, IgA, and IgM against NP and RBD antigens were evaluated on the validation sample sets. Detection of NP and RBD specific IgG and IgA had outstanding performance (AUC > 0.90) for distinguishing patients from controls, but the dynamic range of the IgG assay was substantially greater. The COVID-19 Multiplex Assay was utilized to identify seroprevalence to SARS-CoV-2 in people living in a low-incidence community in Ithaca, NY. Samples were taken from a cohort of healthy volunteers (n = 332) in early June 2020. Only two volunteers had a positive result on a COVID-19 PCR test performed prior to serum sampling. Serological testing revealed an exposure rate of at least 1.2% (NP) or as high as 5.7% (RBD), higher than the measured incidence rate of 0.16% in the county at that time. This highly sensitive and quantitative assay can be used for monitoring community exposure rates and duration of immune response following both infection and vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra Guarino
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States of America
| | - Elisabeth Larson
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States of America
| | - Susanna Babasyan
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States of America
| | - Alicia Rollins
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States of America
| | - Lok R. Joshi
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States of America
| | - Melissa Laverack
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States of America
| | - Lara Parrilla
- Cayuga Medical Center, Ithaca, NY, United States of America
| | | | - Diego G. Diel
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States of America
| | - Bettina Wagner
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States of America
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28
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Goldberg X, Castaño-Vinyals G, Espinosa A, Carreras A, Liutsko L, Sicuri E, Foraster M, O’Callaghan-Gordo C, Dadvand P, Moncunill G, Dobaño C, Cortés B, Pleguezuelos V, Straif K, Garcia-Aymerich J, de Cid R, Cardis E, Kogevinas M. Mental health and COVID-19 in a general population cohort in Spain (COVICAT study). Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2022; 57:2457-2468. [PMID: 35633398 PMCID: PMC9142833 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-022-02303-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Mental health conditions may affect outcome of COVID-19 disease, while exposure to stressors during the pandemic may impact mental health. The purpose of this study was to examine these factors in relation to ocurrence of depression and anxiety after the first outbreak in Spain. METHODS We contacted 9515 participants from a population-based cohort study in Catalonia between May and October 2020. We drew blood samples to establish infection to the virus. Pre-pandemic mental health conditions were confirmed through Electronic Health Registries. We used the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale to assess severe depression and anxiety post-pandemic. Exposure to proximal, financial and wider environment stressors during the lockdown were collected. We calculated Relative Risks (RR), adjusting for individual- and contextual covariates. RESULTS Pre-pandemic mental health disorders were not associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection , but were associated with severity of COVID-19 disease. People with pre-existing mental health disorders showed higher prevalence of severe depression (25.4%) and anxiety (37.8%) than those without prior mental disorders (4.9% and 10.1%). Living alone was a strong predictor of severe depression among mental health patients (RR = 1.6, 95% CI 1.2-2.2). Among those without prior mental health disorders, post-lockdown depression and anxiety were associated with household interpersonal conflicts (RR = 2.6, 95% CI 2.1-3.1; RR = 2.1, 95% CI 1.9-2.4) and financial instability (RR = 2.2, 95% CI 1.8-2.9; 1.9, 95% CI 1.6-2.2). CONCLUSIONS The COVID-19 pandemic and the lockdown were associated with increased post-lockdown depression and anxiety. Patients with pre-existing mental health conditions are a vulnerable group for severe COVID-19 disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- X. Goldberg
- grid.434607.20000 0004 1763 3517ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain, Barcelona, Spain ,grid.488873.80000 0004 6346 3600Mental Health Department, Institut d’Investigació I Innovació Parc Taulí I3PT, Sabadell, Spain ,grid.512890.7CIBER Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain ,grid.5612.00000 0001 2172 2676Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - G. Castaño-Vinyals
- grid.434607.20000 0004 1763 3517ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain, Barcelona, Spain ,grid.411142.30000 0004 1767 8811IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain ,grid.5612.00000 0001 2172 2676Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain ,grid.466571.70000 0004 1756 6246CIBER Epidemiología Y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - A. Espinosa
- grid.434607.20000 0004 1763 3517ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain, Barcelona, Spain ,grid.411142.30000 0004 1767 8811IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain ,grid.5612.00000 0001 2172 2676Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain ,grid.466571.70000 0004 1756 6246CIBER Epidemiología Y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - A. Carreras
- grid.429186.00000 0004 1756 6852Genomes for Life-GCAT Lab, Germans Trias I Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
| | - L. Liutsko
- grid.434607.20000 0004 1763 3517ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain, Barcelona, Spain ,grid.5612.00000 0001 2172 2676Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain ,grid.466571.70000 0004 1756 6246CIBER Epidemiología Y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain ,grid.412761.70000 0004 0645 736XUrFU, Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - E. Sicuri
- grid.410458.c0000 0000 9635 9413ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M. Foraster
- grid.434607.20000 0004 1763 3517ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain, Barcelona, Spain ,grid.5612.00000 0001 2172 2676Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain ,grid.466571.70000 0004 1756 6246CIBER Epidemiología Y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain ,grid.6162.30000 0001 2174 6723PHAGEX Research Group, Universitat Ramon Llull, Blanquerna School of Health Science, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C. O’Callaghan-Gordo
- grid.434607.20000 0004 1763 3517ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain, Barcelona, Spain ,grid.5612.00000 0001 2172 2676Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain ,grid.466571.70000 0004 1756 6246CIBER Epidemiología Y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain ,grid.36083.3e0000 0001 2171 6620Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - P. Dadvand
- grid.434607.20000 0004 1763 3517ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain, Barcelona, Spain ,grid.5612.00000 0001 2172 2676Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain ,grid.466571.70000 0004 1756 6246CIBER Epidemiología Y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - G. Moncunill
- grid.410458.c0000 0000 9635 9413ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C. Dobaño
- grid.410458.c0000 0000 9635 9413ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - B. Cortés
- grid.429186.00000 0004 1756 6852Genomes for Life-GCAT Lab, Germans Trias I Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
| | | | - K. Straif
- grid.434607.20000 0004 1763 3517ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain, Barcelona, Spain ,grid.208226.c0000 0004 0444 7053Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA USA
| | - J. Garcia-Aymerich
- grid.434607.20000 0004 1763 3517ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain, Barcelona, Spain ,grid.5612.00000 0001 2172 2676Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain ,grid.466571.70000 0004 1756 6246CIBER Epidemiología Y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - R. de Cid
- grid.429186.00000 0004 1756 6852Genomes for Life-GCAT Lab, Germans Trias I Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
| | - E. Cardis
- grid.434607.20000 0004 1763 3517ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain, Barcelona, Spain ,grid.411142.30000 0004 1767 8811IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain ,grid.5612.00000 0001 2172 2676Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain ,grid.466571.70000 0004 1756 6246CIBER Epidemiología Y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Kogevinas
- grid.434607.20000 0004 1763 3517ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain, Barcelona, Spain ,grid.411142.30000 0004 1767 8811IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain ,grid.5612.00000 0001 2172 2676Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain ,grid.466571.70000 0004 1756 6246CIBER Epidemiología Y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
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29
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Dobaño C, Alonso S, Fernández de Sevilla M, Vidal M, Jiménez A, Pons Tomas G, Jairoce C, Melé Casas M, Rubio R, Hernández García M, Ruiz-Olalla G, Girona-Alarcón M, Barrios D, Santano R, Mitchell RA, Puyol L, Mayer L, Chi J, Rodrigo Melero N, Carolis C, Garcia-Miquel A, Bonet-Carne E, Claverol J, Cubells M, Fortuny C, Fumadó V, Jou C, Muñoz-Almagro C, Izquierdo L, Bassat Q, Gratacós E, Aguilar R, García-García JJ, Moncunill G, Jordan I. Antibody conversion rates to SARS-CoV-2 in saliva from children attending summer schools in Barcelona, Spain. BMC Med 2021; 19:309. [PMID: 34809617 PMCID: PMC8608564 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-021-02184-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surveillance tools to estimate viral transmission dynamics in young populations are essential to guide recommendations for school opening and management during viral epidemics. Ideally, sensitive techniques are required to detect low viral load exposures among asymptomatic children. We aimed to estimate SARS-CoV-2 infection rates in children and adult populations in a school-like environment during the initial COVID-19 pandemic waves using an antibody-based field-deployable and non-invasive approach. METHODS Saliva antibody conversion defined as ≥ 4-fold increase in IgM, IgA, and/or IgG levels to five SARS-CoV-2 antigens including spike and nucleocapsid constructs was evaluated in 1509 children and 396 adults by high-throughput Luminex assays in samples collected weekly in 22 summer schools and 2 pre-schools in 27 venues in Barcelona, Spain, from June 29th to July 31st, 2020. RESULTS Saliva antibody conversion between two visits over a 5-week period was 3.22% (49/1518) or 2.36% if accounting for potentially cross-reactive antibodies, six times higher than the cumulative infection rate (0.53%) assessed by weekly saliva RT-PCR screening. IgG conversion was higher in adults (2.94%, 11/374) than children (1.31%, 15/1144) (p=0.035), IgG and IgA levels moderately increased with age, and antibodies were higher in females. Most antibody converters increased both IgG and IgA antibodies but some augmented either IgG or IgA, with a faster decay over time for IgA than IgG. Nucleocapsid rather than spike was the main antigen target. Anti-spike antibodies were significantly higher in individuals not reporting symptoms than symptomatic individuals, suggesting a protective role against COVID-19. CONCLUSION Saliva antibody profiling including three isotypes and multiplexing antigens is a useful and user-friendlier tool for screening pediatric populations to detect low viral load exposures among children, particularly while they are not vaccinated and vulnerable to highly contagious variants, and to recommend public health policies during pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlota Dobaño
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. .,CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Madrid, Spain. .,Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Selena Alonso
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Mariona Fernández de Sevilla
- Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues, Barcelona, Spain.,Pediatrics Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Esplugues, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Vidal
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Alfons Jiménez
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Gemma Pons Tomas
- Pediatrics Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Esplugues, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Chenjerai Jairoce
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - María Melé Casas
- Pediatrics Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Esplugues, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rocío Rubio
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - María Hernández García
- Pediatrics Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Esplugues, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Ruiz-Olalla
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Mònica Girona-Alarcón
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues, Barcelona, Spain.,Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Diana Barrios
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Rebeca Santano
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Robert A Mitchell
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Laura Puyol
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Leonie Mayer
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jordi Chi
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Natalia Rodrigo Melero
- Biomolecular Screening and Protein Technologies Unit, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlo Carolis
- Biomolecular Screening and Protein Technologies Unit, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aleix Garcia-Miquel
- Fetal Medicine Research Center (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisenda Bonet-Carne
- Fetal Medicine Research Center (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, BarcelonaTech, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joana Claverol
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues, Barcelona, Spain.,Fundació Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Cubells
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues, Barcelona, Spain.,Fundació Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Claudia Fortuny
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues, Barcelona, Spain.,Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Victoria Fumadó
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues, Barcelona, Spain.,Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Jou
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Pathology and Biobank Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen Muñoz-Almagro
- Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain.,Molecular Microbiology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis Izquierdo
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Quique Bassat
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Pediatrics Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Esplugues, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique.,ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduard Gratacós
- Fetal Medicine Research Center (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBER-ER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ruth Aguilar
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Juan José García-García
- Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues, Barcelona, Spain.,Pediatrics Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Esplugues, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Moncunill
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Iolanda Jordan
- Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain. .,Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues, Barcelona, Spain. .,Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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30
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Karachaliou M, Moncunill G, Espinosa A, Castaño-Vinyals G, Jiménez A, Vidal M, Santano R, Barrios D, Puyol L, Carreras A, Mayer L, Rubio R, Cortés B, Pleguezuelos V, O'Callaghan-Gordo C, Fossati S, Rivas I, Casabonne D, Vrijheid M, Izquierdo L, Aguilar R, Basagaña X, Garcia-Aymerich J, de Cid R, Dobaño C, Kogevinas M. Infection induced SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and heterogeneity of antibody responses in a general population cohort study in Catalonia Spain. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21571. [PMID: 34732749 PMCID: PMC8566562 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00807-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sparse data exist on the complex natural immunity to SARS-CoV-2 at the population level. We applied a well-validated multiplex serology test in 5000 participants of a general population study in Catalonia in blood samples collected from end June to mid November 2020. Based on responses to fifteen isotype-antigen combinations, we detected a seroprevalence of 18.1% in adults (n = 4740), and modeled extrapolation to the general population of Catalonia indicated a 15.3% seroprevalence. Antibodies persisted up to 9 months after infection. Immune profiling of infected individuals revealed that with increasing severity of infection (asymptomatic, 1-3 symptoms, ≥ 4 symptoms, admitted to hospital/ICU), seroresponses were more robust and rich with a shift towards IgG over IgA and anti-spike over anti-nucleocapsid responses. Among seropositive participants, lower antibody levels were observed for those ≥ 60 years vs < 60 years old and smokers vs non-smokers. Overweight/obese participants vs normal weight had higher antibody levels. Adolescents (13-15 years old) (n = 260) showed a seroprevalence of 11.5%, were less likely to be tested seropositive compared to their parents and had dominant anti-spike rather than anti-nucleocapsid IgG responses. Our study provides an unbiased estimate of SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in Catalonia and new evidence on the durability and heterogeneity of post-infection immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gemma Moncunill
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), 08036, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Ana Espinosa
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Alfons Jiménez
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), 08036, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 08036, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Vidal
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rebeca Santano
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Diana Barrios
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Puyol
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Carreras
- Genomes for Life-GCAT Lab, Institute for Health Science Research Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
| | - Leonie Mayer
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rocío Rubio
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Beatriz Cortés
- Genomes for Life-GCAT Lab, Institute for Health Science Research Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
| | | | - Cristina O'Callaghan-Gordo
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), 08036, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 08036, Madrid, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Serena Fossati
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ioar Rivas
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), 08036, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Delphine Casabonne
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 08036, Madrid, Spain
- Unit of Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology in Infections and Cancer (UNIC-Molecular), Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, IDIBELL, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Hospitalet De Llobregat, Spain
| | - Martine Vrijheid
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), 08036, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 08036, Madrid, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis Izquierdo
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ruth Aguilar
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Basagaña
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Judith Garcia-Aymerich
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), 08036, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 08036, Madrid, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael de Cid
- Genomes for Life-GCAT Lab, Institute for Health Science Research Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
| | - Carlota Dobaño
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), 08036, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Manolis Kogevinas
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), 08036, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 08036, Madrid, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), 08003, Barcelona, Spain
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31
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Kogevinas M, Castaño-Vinyals G, Karachaliou M, Espinosa A, de Cid R, Garcia-Aymerich J, Carreras A, Cortés B, Pleguezuelos V, Jiménez A, Vidal M, O’Callaghan-Gordo C, Cirach M, Santano R, Barrios D, Puyol L, Rubio R, Izquierdo L, Nieuwenhuijsen M, Dadvand P, Aguilar R, Moncunill G, Dobaño C, Tonne C. Ambient Air Pollution in Relation to SARS-CoV-2 Infection, Antibody Response, and COVID-19 Disease: A Cohort Study in Catalonia, Spain (COVICAT Study). ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2021; 129:117003. [PMID: 34787480 PMCID: PMC8597405 DOI: 10.1289/ehp9726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging evidence links ambient air pollution with coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) disease, an association that is methodologically challenging to investigate. OBJECTIVES We examined the association between long-term exposure to air pollution with SARS-CoV-2 infection measured through antibody response, level of antibody response among those infected, and COVID-19 disease. METHODS We contacted 9,605 adult participants from a population-based cohort study in Catalonia between June and November 2020; most participants were between 40 and 65 years of age. We drew blood samples from 4,103 participants and measured immunoglobulin M (IgM), IgA, and IgG antibodies against five viral target antigens to establish infection to the virus and levels of antibody response among those infected. We defined COVID-19 disease using self-reported hospital admission, prior positive diagnostic test, or more than three self-reported COVID-19 symptoms after contact with a COVID-19 case. We estimated prepandemic (2018-2019) exposure to fine particulate matter [PM with an aerodynamic diameter of ≤ 2.5 μ m (PM 2.5 )], nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ), black carbon (BC), and ozone (O 3 ) at the residential address using hybrid land-use regression models. We calculated log-binomial risk ratios (RRs), adjusting for individual- and area-level covariates. RESULTS Among those tested for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, 743 (18.1%) were seropositive. Air pollution levels were not statistically significantly associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection: Adjusted RRs per interquartile range were 1.07 (95% CI: 0.97, 1.18) for NO 2 , 1.04 (95% CI: 0.94, 1.14) for PM 2.5 , 1.00 (95% CI: 0.92, 1.09) for BC, and 0.97 (95% CI: 0.89, 1.06) for O 3 . Among infected participants, exposure to NO 2 and PM 2.5 were positively associated with IgG levels for all viral target antigens. Among all participants, 481 (5.0%) had COVID-19 disease. Air pollution levels were associated with COVID-19 disease: adjusted RRs = 1.14 (95% CI: 1.00, 1.29) for NO 2 and 1.17 (95% CI: 1.03, 1.32) for PM 2.5 . Exposure to O 3 was associated with a slightly decreased risk (RR = 0.92 ; 95% CI: 0.83, 1.03). Associations of air pollution with COVID-19 disease were more pronounced for severe COVID-19, with RRs = 1.26 (95% CI: 0.89, 1.79) for NO 2 and 1.51 (95% CI: 1.06, 2.16) for PM 2.5 . DISCUSSION Exposure to air pollution was associated with a higher risk of COVID-19 disease and level of antibody response among infected but not with SARS-CoV-2 infection. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP9726.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manolis Kogevinas
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Castaño-Vinyals
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Ana Espinosa
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael de Cid
- Genomes for Life–GCAT laboratory, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute, Badalona, Spain
| | - Judith Garcia-Aymerich
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Carreras
- Genomes for Life–GCAT laboratory, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute, Badalona, Spain
| | - Beatriz Cortés
- Genomes for Life–GCAT laboratory, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute, Badalona, Spain
| | | | | | - Marta Vidal
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina O’Callaghan-Gordo
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Cirach
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Diana Barrios
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Puyol
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rocío Rubio
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Mark Nieuwenhuijsen
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Payam Dadvand
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ruth Aguilar
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Cathryn Tonne
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
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A Multiplex Noninvasive Salivary Antibody Assay for SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Its Application in a Population-Based Survey by Mail. Microbiol Spectr 2021; 9:e0069321. [PMID: 34523986 PMCID: PMC8557941 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00693-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Noninvasive salivary antibody immunoassays can enable low-cost epidemiological surveillance of infections. This study involved developing and validating a multiplex suspension immunoassay on the Luminex platform to measure immunoglobulin G (IgG) responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) nucleocapsid and spike (S) proteins, and the spike protein’s S1 and S2 subunits and receptor binding domain. Multiple versions of these recombinant proteins acquired from commercial and noncommercial sources were evaluated. Assay development and validation utilized saliva and serum samples from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases procured from commercial sources and negative controls from a prepandemic survey. Saliva was also collected in a demonstration survey by mail involving adult individuals in the United States who were diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection 15 to 80 days prior to sample collection. The survey had an 83% valid sample return rate (192 samples from 38 states). Most COVID-19 cases (93%) reported mildly symptomatic or asymptomatic infections. The final salivary assay based on the best-performing spike and nucleocapsid proteins had a sensitivity of 87.1% (95% bootstrap confidence interval, 82.1 to 91.7%) and specificity of 98.5% (95.0 to 100%) using 227 and 285 saliva samples, respectively. The same assay had 95.9% (92.8 to 98.9%) sensitivity and 100% (98.4 to 100%) specificity in serum (174 and 285 serum samples, respectively). Salivary and serum antibody responses to spike and nucleocapsid proteins were strongly correlated in 22 paired samples (r = 0.88 and r = 0.80, respectively). Antibody responses peaked at approximately 50 days postonset; greater illness severity was associated with stronger responses. This study demonstrated that a salivary antibody assay can be used in large-scale population surveys by mail to better characterize public health impacts of COVID-19. IMPORTANCE Given the enormous impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, developing tools for population surveillance of infection is of paramount importance. This article describes the development of a multiplex immunoassay on a Luminex platform to measure salivary immunoglobulin G responses to the spike protein, its two subunits and receptor binding domain, and the nucleocapsid protein of SARS-CoV-2. The assay validation utilized serum and saliva samples from prepandemic controls and recent COVID-19 cases. A survey by mail targeting recent COVID-19 cases across the United States also demonstrated the utility of safe, at-home self-collection of saliva. By incorporating multiple SARS-CoV-2 proteins, this assay may differentiate responses to natural SARS-CoV-2 infections from responses to most vaccines. Application of this noninvasive immunoassay in COVID-19 surveillance can help provide estimates of cumulative incidence rates of symptomatic and asymptomatic infections in various communities and subpopulations, temporal patterns of antibody responses, and risk factors for infection.
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Fisher M, Levy H, Fatelevich E, Afrimov Y, Ben-Shmuel A, Rosenfeld R, Noy-Porat T, Glinert I, Sittner A, Biber A, Belkin A, Bar-David E, Puni R, Levy I, Mazor O, Weiss S, Mechaly A. A Serological Snapshot of COVID-19 Initial Stages in Israel by a 6-Plex Antigen Array. Microbiol Spectr 2021; 9:e0087021. [PMID: 34612689 PMCID: PMC8510178 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00870-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The first case of SARS-CoV-2 was discovered in Israel in late February 2020. Three major outbreaks followed, resulting in over 800,000 cases and over 6,000 deaths by April 2021. Our aim was characterization of a serological snapshot of Israeli patients and healthy adults in the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic. Sera from 55 symptomatic COVID-19 patients and 146 healthy subjects (early-pandemic, reverse transcription-quantitative PCR [qRT-PCR]-negative), collected in Israel between March and April 2020, were screened for SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG, IgM, and IgA antibodies, using a 6-plex antigen microarray presenting the whole inactivated virus and five viral antigens: a stabilized version of the spike ectodomain (S2P), spike subunit 1 (S1), receptor-binding-domain (RBD), N-terminal-domain (NTD), and nucleocapsid (NC). COVID-19 patients, 4 to 40 days post symptom onset, presented specific IgG to all of the viral antigens (6/6) in 54 of the 55 samples (98% sensitivity). Specific IgM and IgA antibodies for all six antigens were detected in only 10% (5/55) and 4% (2/55) of the patients, respectively, suggesting that specific IgG is a superior serological marker for COVID-19. None of the qRT-PCR-negative sera reacted with all six viral antigens (100% specificity), and 48% (70/146) were negative throughout the panel. Our findings confirm a low seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in the Israeli adult population prior to the COVID-19 outbreak. We further suggest that the presence of low-level cross-reacting antibodies in naive individuals calls for a combined, multiantigen analysis for accurate discrimination between naive and exposed individuals. IMPORTANCE A 6-plex protein array presenting the whole inactivated virus and five nucleocapsid and spike-derived SARS-CoV-2 antigens was used to generate a serological snapshot of SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and seroconversion in Israel in the early months of the pandemic. Our findings confirm a very low seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in the Israeli adult population. We further propose that the presence of low-level nonspecific antibodies in naive individuals calls for a combined, multiantigen analysis for accurate discrimination between naive and exposed individuals enabling accurate determination of seroconversion. The developed assay is currently applied to evaluate immune responses to the Israeli vaccine during human phase I/II trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morly Fisher
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | - Haim Levy
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | - Ella Fatelevich
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | - Yafa Afrimov
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | - Amir Ben-Shmuel
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | - Ronit Rosenfeld
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | - Tal Noy-Porat
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | - Itai Glinert
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | - Assa Sittner
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | - Asaf Biber
- Sheba Medical Center and the Sackler Medical School, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
| | - Ana Belkin
- Sheba Medical Center and the Sackler Medical School, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
| | - Elad Bar-David
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | - Reut Puni
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | - Itzchak Levy
- Sheba Medical Center and the Sackler Medical School, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
| | - Ohad Mazor
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | - Shay Weiss
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | - Adva Mechaly
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, Israel
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Keuning MW, Grobben M, de Groen AEC, Berman-de Jong EP, Bijlsma MW, Cohen S, Felderhof M, de Groof F, Molanus D, Oeij N, Rijpert M, van Eijk HWM, Koen G, van der Straten K, Oomen M, Visser R, Linty F, Steenhuis M, Vidarsson G, Rispens T, Plötz FB, van Gils MJ, Pajkrt D. Saliva SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Prevalence in Children. Microbiol Spectr 2021; 9:e0073121. [PMID: 34523985 PMCID: PMC8557814 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00731-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 patients produce circulating and mucosal antibodies. In adults, specific saliva antibodies have been detected. Nonetheless, seroprevalence is routinely investigated, while little attention has been paid to mucosal antibodies. We therefore assessed SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody prevalence in serum and saliva in children in the Netherlands. We assessed SARS-CoV-2 antibody prevalence in serum and saliva of 517 children attending medical services in the Netherlands (irrespective of COVID-19 exposure) from April to October 2020. The prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 spike (S), receptor binding domain (RBD), and nucleocapsid (N)-specific IgG and IgA were evaluated with an exploratory Luminex assay in serum and saliva and with the Wantai SARS-CoV-2 RBD total antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in serum. Using the Wantai assay, the RBD-specific antibody prevalence in serum was 3.3% (95% confidence interval [CI]. 1.9 to 5.3%). With the Luminex assay, we detected heterogeneity between antibodies for S, RBD, and N antigens, as IgG and IgA prevalence ranged between 3.6 and 4.6% in serum and between 0 and 4.4% in saliva. The Luminex assay also revealed differences between serum and saliva, with SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG present in saliva but not in serum for 1.5 to 2.7% of all children. Using multiple antigen assays, the IgG prevalence for at least two out of three antigens (S, RBD, or N) in serum or saliva can be calculated as 3.8% (95% CI, 2.3 to 5.6%). Our study displays the heterogeneity of the SARS-CoV-2 antibody response in children and emphasizes the additional value of saliva antibody detection and the combined use of different antigens. IMPORTANCE Comprehending humoral immunity to SARS-CoV-2, including in children, is crucial for future public health and vaccine strategies. Others have suggested that mucosal antibody measurement could be an important and more convenient tool to evaluate humoral immunity compared to circulating antibodies. Nonetheless, seroprevalence is routinely investigated, while little attention has been paid to mucosal antibodies. We show the heterogeneity of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, in terms of both antigen specificity and differences between circulating and mucosal antibodies, emphasizing the additional value of saliva antibody detection next to detection of antibodies in serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya W. Keuning
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Rheumatology, & Immunology, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marloes Grobben
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam Institute of Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anne-Elise C. de Groen
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Rheumatology, & Immunology, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eveline P. Berman-de Jong
- Department of Pediatrics, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Merijn W. Bijlsma
- Department of Pediatrics, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sophie Cohen
- Department of Pediatrics, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mariet Felderhof
- Department of Pediatrics, Flevoziekenhuis, Almere, The Netherlands
| | - Femke de Groof
- Department of Pediatrics, Noordwest Ziekenhuisgroep, Alkmaar, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel Molanus
- Department of Pediatrics, Amstellandziekenhuis, Amstelveen, The Netherlands
| | - Nadia Oeij
- Department of Pediatrics, Amstellandziekenhuis, Amstelveen, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten Rijpert
- Department of Pediatrics, Zaans Medisch Centrum, Zaandam, The Netherlands
| | - Hetty W. M. van Eijk
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam Institute of Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gerrit Koen
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam Institute of Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Karlijn van der Straten
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam Institute of Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Melissa Oomen
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam Institute of Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Remco Visser
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Federica Linty
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maurice Steenhuis
- Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gestur Vidarsson
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Theo Rispens
- Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frans B. Plötz
- Department of Pediatrics, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Tergooi Hospital, Blaricum, The Netherlands
| | - Marit J. van Gils
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam Institute of Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dasja Pajkrt
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Rheumatology, & Immunology, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Mazhari R, Ruybal-Pesántez S, Angrisano F, Kiernan-Walker N, Hyslop S, Longley RJ, Bourke C, Chen C, Williamson DA, Robinson LJ, Mueller I, Eriksson EM. SARS-CoV-2 Multi-Antigen Serology Assay. Methods Protoc 2021; 4:mps4040072. [PMID: 34698238 PMCID: PMC8544427 DOI: 10.3390/mps4040072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Serology tests are extremely useful for assessing whether a person has been infected with a pathogen. Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, measurement of anti-SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies has been considered an essential tool in identifying seropositive individuals and thereby understanding the extent of transmission in communities. The Luminex system is a bead-based technology that has the capacity to assess multiple antigens simultaneously using very low sample volumes and is ideal for high-throughput studies. We have adapted this technology to develop a COVID-19 multi-antigen serological assay. This protocol described here carefully outlines recommended steps to optimize and establish this method for COVID-19-specific antibody measurement in plasma and in saliva. However, the protocol can easily be customized and thus the assay is broadly applicable to measure antibodies to other pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramin Mazhari
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; (R.M.); (S.R.-P.); (N.K.-W.); (S.H.); (R.J.L.); (C.B.); (C.C.); (L.J.R.); (I.M.)
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Shazia Ruybal-Pesántez
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; (R.M.); (S.R.-P.); (N.K.-W.); (S.H.); (R.J.L.); (C.B.); (C.C.); (L.J.R.); (I.M.)
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
- Vector-Borne Diseases and Tropical Public Health, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia;
| | - Fiona Angrisano
- Vector-Borne Diseases and Tropical Public Health, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia;
| | - Nicholas Kiernan-Walker
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; (R.M.); (S.R.-P.); (N.K.-W.); (S.H.); (R.J.L.); (C.B.); (C.C.); (L.J.R.); (I.M.)
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Stephanie Hyslop
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; (R.M.); (S.R.-P.); (N.K.-W.); (S.H.); (R.J.L.); (C.B.); (C.C.); (L.J.R.); (I.M.)
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Rhea J. Longley
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; (R.M.); (S.R.-P.); (N.K.-W.); (S.H.); (R.J.L.); (C.B.); (C.C.); (L.J.R.); (I.M.)
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Caitlin Bourke
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; (R.M.); (S.R.-P.); (N.K.-W.); (S.H.); (R.J.L.); (C.B.); (C.C.); (L.J.R.); (I.M.)
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Catherine Chen
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; (R.M.); (S.R.-P.); (N.K.-W.); (S.H.); (R.J.L.); (C.B.); (C.C.); (L.J.R.); (I.M.)
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Deborah A. Williamson
- Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia;
- Public Health Laboratory, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Leanne J. Robinson
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; (R.M.); (S.R.-P.); (N.K.-W.); (S.H.); (R.J.L.); (C.B.); (C.C.); (L.J.R.); (I.M.)
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
- Vector-Borne Diseases and Tropical Public Health, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia;
| | - Ivo Mueller
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; (R.M.); (S.R.-P.); (N.K.-W.); (S.H.); (R.J.L.); (C.B.); (C.C.); (L.J.R.); (I.M.)
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Emily M. Eriksson
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; (R.M.); (S.R.-P.); (N.K.-W.); (S.H.); (R.J.L.); (C.B.); (C.C.); (L.J.R.); (I.M.)
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-3-93452870; Fax: +61-3-93470852
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Santano R, Barrios D, Crispi F, Crovetto F, Vidal M, Chi J, Izquierdo L, Gratacós E, Moncunill G, Dobaño C. Agreement between commercially available ELISA and in-house Luminex SARS-CoV-2 antibody immunoassays. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18984. [PMID: 34556736 PMCID: PMC8460676 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98296-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Serological diagnostic of the severe respiratory distress syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a valuable tool for the determination of immunity and surveillance of exposure to the virus. In the context of an ongoing pandemic, it is essential to externally validate widely used tests to assure correct diagnostics and epidemiological estimations. We evaluated the performance of the COVID-19 ELISA IgG and the COVID-19 ELISA IgM/A (Vircell, S.L.) against a highly specific and sensitive in-house Luminex immunoassay in a set of samples from pregnant women and cord blood. The agreement between both assays was moderate to high for IgG but low for IgM/A. Considering seropositivity by either IgG and/or IgM/A, the technical performance of the ELISA was highly imbalanced, with 96% sensitivity at the expense of 22% specificity. As for the clinical performance, the negative predictive value reached 87% while the positive predictive value was 51%. Our results stress the need for highly specific and sensitive assays and external validation of diagnostic tests with different sets of samples to avoid the clinical, epidemiological and personal disturbances derived from serological misdiagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Santano
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Diana Barrios
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Fàtima Crispi
- BCNatal, Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu and Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, CIBER-ER, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesca Crovetto
- BCNatal, Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu and Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, CIBER-ER, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Vidal
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jordi Chi
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Luis Izquierdo
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Eduard Gratacós
- BCNatal, Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu and Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, CIBER-ER, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Moncunill
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Carlota Dobaño
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
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37
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Thapa D, Samadi N, Tabatabaei N. Handheld Thermo-Photonic Device for Rapid, Low-Cost, and On-Site Detection and Quantification of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibody. IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL 2021; 21:18504-18511. [PMID: 35581990 PMCID: PMC8864951 DOI: 10.1109/jsen.2021.3089016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
With the emergence of vaccines and antibody therapeutics, rapid and scalable platforms are needed to quantify the antibody response of individuals. Lateral flow immunoassay (LFA) based test strips provide a rapid, low-cost, and point-of-care approach to antibody testing against the SARS-CoV-2 virus. These convenient and scalable tests, however, are qualitative in nature and cannot quantify the immune response of the infected and/or vaccinated individuals. This study reports on the development of a rapid, low cost and portable thermo-photonic device that enables sensitive detection and quantification of antibody levels using commercially available COVID-19 Antibody LFAs. Unlike conventional LFA readers, the developed technology is based on sensing the infrared thermal radiation of tag gold nanoparticles following laser excitation (aka photothermal response). Our proof-of-concept results with humanized monoclonal anti-SARS-CoV-2 Spike receptor-binding domain (RBD) IgG demonstrate that the thermo-photonic technology can detect and quantify antibody concentrations within the clinically relevant range and with a limit of detection of [Formula: see text]/ml. The reader in conjunction with antibody LFAs offers a low-cost, portable, and scalable solution for assessment of the degree of immunity in populations, quality control of convalescent plasma donations for antibody therapeutics, and monitoring the immune response of infected individuals and vaccine recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damber Thapa
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringYork UniversityTorontoONM3J 1P3Canada
| | - Nakisa Samadi
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringYork UniversityTorontoONM3J 1P3Canada
| | - Nima Tabatabaei
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringYork UniversityTorontoONM3J 1P3Canada
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38
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Schein CH, Levine CB, McLellan SLF, Negi SS, Braun W, Dreskin SC, Anaya ES, Schmidt J. Synthetic proteins for COVID-19 diagnostics. Peptides 2021; 143:170583. [PMID: 34087220 PMCID: PMC8168367 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2021.170583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
There is an urgent need for inexpensive, rapid and specific antigen-based assays to test for vaccine efficacy and detect infection with SARS-CoV-2 and its variants. We have identified a small, synthetic protein (JS7), representing a region of maximum variability within the receptor binding domain (RBD), which binds antibodies in sera from nine patients with PCR-verified COVID-19 of varying severity. Antibodies binding to either JS7 or the SARS-CoV-2 recombinant RBD, as well as those that disrupt binding between a fragment of the ACE2 receptor and the RBD, are proportional to disease severity and clinical outcome. Binding to JS7 was inhibited by linear peptides from the RBD interface with ACE2. Variants of JS7, such as E484K or N501Y, can be quickly synthesized in pure form in large quantities by automated methods. JS7 and related synthetic antigens can provide a basis for specific diagnostics for SARS-CoV-2 infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine H Schein
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States; Institute for Human Infections and immunity (IHII), The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States.
| | - Corri B Levine
- Institute for Translational Sciences, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Susan L F McLellan
- Department of Internal medicine - Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Surendra S Negi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States; Sealy Center for Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Werner Braun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States; Institute for Human Infections and immunity (IHII), The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States; Sealy Center for Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Stephen C Dreskin
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, 80045, United States
| | - Elizabeth S Anaya
- B-11 Bioenergy and Biome Sciences, Bioscience Division Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, United States
| | - Jurgen Schmidt
- B-11 Bioenergy and Biome Sciences, Bioscience Division Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, United States
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Ortega N, Ribes M, Vidal M, Rubio R, Aguilar R, Williams S, Barrios D, Alonso S, Hernández-Luis P, Mitchell RA, Jairoce C, Cruz A, Jimenez A, Santano R, Méndez S, Lamoglia M, Rosell N, Llupià A, Puyol L, Chi J, Melero NR, Parras D, Serra P, Pradenas E, Trinité B, Blanco J, Mayor A, Barroso S, Varela P, Vilella A, Trilla A, Santamaria P, Carolis C, Tortajada M, Izquierdo L, Angulo A, Engel P, García-Basteiro AL, Moncunill G, Dobaño C. Seven-month kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and role of pre-existing antibodies to human coronaviruses. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4740. [PMID: 34362897 PMCID: PMC8346582 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24979-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Unraveling the long-term kinetics of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 and the individual characteristics influencing it, including the impact of pre-existing antibodies to human coronaviruses causing common cold (HCoVs), is essential to understand protective immunity to COVID-19 and devise effective surveillance strategies. IgM, IgA and IgG levels against six SARS-CoV-2 antigens and the nucleocapsid antigen of the four HCoV (229E, NL63, OC43 and HKU1) were quantified by Luminex, and antibody neutralization capacity was assessed by flow cytometry, in a cohort of health care workers followed up to 7 months (N = 578). Seroprevalence increases over time from 13.5% (month 0) and 15.6% (month 1) to 16.4% (month 6). Levels of antibodies, including those with neutralizing capacity, are stable over time, except IgG to nucleocapsid antigen and IgM levels that wane. After the peak response, anti-spike antibody levels increase from ~150 days post-symptom onset in all individuals (73% for IgG), in the absence of any evidence of re-exposure. IgG and IgA to HCoV are significantly higher in asymptomatic than symptomatic seropositive individuals. Thus, pre-existing cross-reactive HCoVs antibodies could have a protective effect against SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Ortega
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Marta Ribes
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Marta Vidal
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Rocío Rubio
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Ruth Aguilar
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Sarah Williams
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Diana Barrios
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Selena Alonso
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Pablo Hernández-Luis
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
- Immunology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Robert A Mitchell
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Chenjerai Jairoce
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Angeline Cruz
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Alfons Jimenez
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Spanish Consortium for Research in Epidemiology and Public Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rebeca Santano
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Susana Méndez
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Montserrat Lamoglia
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- School of Health Sciences TecnoCampus Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Mataró, Spain
| | - Neus Rosell
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Anna Llupià
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Hospital Clinic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Puyol
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jordi Chi
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Natalia Rodrigo Melero
- Biomolecular screening and Protein Technologies Unit, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Parras
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pau Serra
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Edwards Pradenas
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Can Ruti Campus, UAB, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Benjamin Trinité
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Can Ruti Campus, UAB, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Julià Blanco
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Can Ruti Campus, UAB, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain
- University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), Vic, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Alfredo Mayor
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça, Maputo, Mozambique
- Spanish Consortium for Research in Epidemiology and Public Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sonia Barroso
- Occupational Health Department, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pilar Varela
- Occupational Health Department, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Vilella
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Spanish Consortium for Research in Epidemiology and Public Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antoni Trilla
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Spanish Consortium for Research in Epidemiology and Public Health, Madrid, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pere Santamaria
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Hospital Clinic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Carlo Carolis
- Biomolecular screening and Protein Technologies Unit, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Tortajada
- Occupational Health Department, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis Izquierdo
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Ana Angulo
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
- Immunology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pablo Engel
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
- Immunology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alberto L García-Basteiro
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça, Maputo, Mozambique
- International Health Department, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Moncunill
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Carlota Dobaño
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
- Spanish Consortium for Research in Epidemiology and Public Health, Madrid, Spain.
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40
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Koide A, Panchenko T, Wang C, Thannickal SA, Romero LA, Teng KW, Li FZ, Akkappedi P, Corrado AD, Caro J, Diefenbach C, Samanovic MI, Mulligan MJ, Hattori T, Stapleford KA, Li H, Koide S. Two-dimensional multiplexed assay for rapid and deep SARS-CoV-2 serology profiling and for machine learning prediction of neutralization capacity. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2021:2021.08.03.454782. [PMID: 34373852 PMCID: PMC8351774 DOI: 10.1101/2021.08.03.454782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Antibody responses serve as the primary protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection through neutralization of viral entry into cells. We have developed a two-dimensional multiplex bead binding assay (2D-MBBA) that quantifies multiple antibody isotypes against multiple antigens from a single measurement. Here, we applied our assay to profile IgG, IgM and IgA levels against the spike antigen, its receptor-binding domain and natural and designed mutants. Machine learning algorithms trained on the 2D-MBBA data substantially improve the prediction of neutralization capacity against the authentic SARS-CoV-2 virus of serum samples of convalescent patients. The algorithms also helped identify a set of antibody isotype-antigen datasets that contributed to the prediction, which included those targeting regions outside the receptor-binding interface of the spike protein. We applied the assay to profile samples from vaccinated, immune-compromised patients, which revealed differences in the antibody profiles between convalescent and vaccinated samples. Our approach can rapidly provide deep antibody profiles and neutralization prediction from essentially a drop of blood without the need of BSL-3 access and provides insights into the nature of neutralizing antibodies. It may be further developed for evaluating neutralizing capacity for new variants and future pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Koide
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, U.S.A
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, U.S.A
| | - Tatyana Panchenko
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, U.S.A
| | - Chan Wang
- Department of Population Health, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, U.S.A
| | - Sara A. Thannickal
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
| | - Larizbeth A. Romero
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, U.S.A
| | - Kai Wen Teng
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, U.S.A
| | - Francesca-Zhoufan Li
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, U.S.A
| | - Padma Akkappedi
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, U.S.A
| | - Alexis D. Corrado
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, U.S.A
| | - Jessica Caro
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, U.S.A
- Department of Hematology Oncology, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, U.S.A
| | - Catherine Diefenbach
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, U.S.A
- Department of Hematology Oncology, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, U.S.A
| | - Marie I. Samanovic
- New York University Langone Vaccine Center and New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, U.S.A
| | - Mark J. Mulligan
- New York University Langone Vaccine Center and New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, U.S.A
| | - Takamitsu Hattori
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, U.S.A
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, U.S.A
| | - Kenneth A. Stapleford
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
| | - Huilin Li
- Department of Population Health, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, U.S.A
| | - Shohei Koide
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, U.S.A
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, U.S.A
- Lead contact
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41
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Alhabbab RY, Alsaieedi A, Algaissi A, Almahboub S, Al-Raddadi RM, Shabouni OI, Alhabbab R, Alfaraj AA, Alamri SS, Aljehani ND, Abdulal RH, Alfaleh MA, Abujamel TS, Alkayyal AA, Mahmoud AB, Abuzenadah AM, Hashem AM. Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Binding and Neutralizing Antibodies in Healthcare Workers during the Epidemic Peak in Referral Hospitals and Quarantine Sites: Saudi Arabia. Viruses 2021; 13:v13071413. [PMID: 34372618 PMCID: PMC8310370 DOI: 10.3390/v13071413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Healthcare workers (HCWs) are at high risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection compared to the general population. Here, we aimed to evaluate and characterize the SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity rate in randomly collected samples among HCWs from the largest referral hospitals and quarantine sites during the peak of the COVID-19 epidemic in the city of Jeddah, the second largest city in Saudi Arabia, using a cross-sectional analytic study design. Out of 693 participants recruited from 29 June to 10 August 2020, 223 (32.2%, 95% CI: 28.8–35.8) were found to be confirmed seropositive for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, and among those 197 (88.3%) had never been diagnosed with COVID-19. Seropositivity was not significantly associated with participants reporting COVID-19 compatible symptoms as most seropositive HCW participants 140 (62.8%) were asymptomatic. The large proportion of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 cases detected in our study demands periodic testing as a general hospital policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rowa Y. Alhabbab
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (R.Y.A.); (A.A.); (S.A.); (S.S.A.); (N.D.A.); (R.H.A.); (M.A.A.); (T.S.A.)
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ahdab Alsaieedi
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (R.Y.A.); (A.A.); (S.A.); (S.S.A.); (N.D.A.); (R.H.A.); (M.A.A.); (T.S.A.)
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abdullah Algaissi
- Department of Medical Laboratories Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia;
- Medical Research Center, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sara Almahboub
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (R.Y.A.); (A.A.); (S.A.); (S.S.A.); (N.D.A.); (R.H.A.); (M.A.A.); (T.S.A.)
| | - Rajaa M. Al-Raddadi
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | | | - Rahaf Alhabbab
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, King Fahad General Hospital, Jeddah 23325, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abdulelah A. Alfaraj
- Department of Phlebotomy, Blood Bank & Laboratory, King Fahad General Hospital, Jeddah 23325, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Sawsan S. Alamri
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (R.Y.A.); (A.A.); (S.A.); (S.S.A.); (N.D.A.); (R.H.A.); (M.A.A.); (T.S.A.)
| | - Najwa D. Aljehani
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (R.Y.A.); (A.A.); (S.A.); (S.S.A.); (N.D.A.); (R.H.A.); (M.A.A.); (T.S.A.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rwaa H. Abdulal
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (R.Y.A.); (A.A.); (S.A.); (S.S.A.); (N.D.A.); (R.H.A.); (M.A.A.); (T.S.A.)
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A. Alfaleh
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (R.Y.A.); (A.A.); (S.A.); (S.S.A.); (N.D.A.); (R.H.A.); (M.A.A.); (T.S.A.)
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Turki S. Abujamel
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (R.Y.A.); (A.A.); (S.A.); (S.S.A.); (N.D.A.); (R.H.A.); (M.A.A.); (T.S.A.)
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Almohanad A. Alkayyal
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ahmad Bakur Mahmoud
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Almadinah Almunwarah 42353, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Adel M. Abuzenadah
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Anwar M. Hashem
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (R.Y.A.); (A.A.); (S.A.); (S.S.A.); (N.D.A.); (R.H.A.); (M.A.A.); (T.S.A.)
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-(12)-6400000 (ext. 21033)
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42
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Dobaño C, Ramírez-Morros A, Alonso S, Vidal-Alaball J, Ruiz-Olalla G, Vidal M, Rubio R, Cascant E, Parras D, Rodrigo Melero N, Serra P, Carolis C, Santamaria P, Forcada A, Mendioroz J, Aguilar R, Moncunill G, Ruiz-Comellas A. Persistence and baseline determinants of seropositivity and reinfection rates in health care workers up to 12.5 months after COVID-19. BMC Med 2021; 19:155. [PMID: 34183003 PMCID: PMC8237770 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-021-02032-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We assessed the duration and baseline determinants of antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 spike antigens and the occurrence of reinfections in a prospective cohort of 173 Spanish primary health care worker patients followed initially for 9 months and subsequently up to 12.5 months after COVID-19 symptoms onset. Seropositivity to SARS-CoV-2 spike and receptor-binding domain antigens up to 149-270 days was 92.49% (90.17% IgG, 76.3% IgA, 60.69% IgM). In a subset of 64 health care workers who had not yet been vaccinated by April 2021, seropositivity was 96.88% (95.31% IgG, 82.81% IgA) up to 322-379 days post symptoms onset. Four suspected reinfections were detected by passive case detection, two among seronegative individuals (5 and 7 months after the first episode), and one low antibody responder. Antibody levels significantly correlated with fever, hospitalization, anosmia/hypogeusia, allergies, smoking, and occupation. Stable sustainment of IgG responses raises hope for long-lasting COVID-19 vaccine immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlota Dobaño
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Carrer Roselló 153 (CEK building), E-08036, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Anna Ramírez-Morros
- Unitat de Suport a la Recerca de la Catalunya Central, Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina, Sant Fruitós de Bages, Spain.
| | - Selena Alonso
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Carrer Roselló 153 (CEK building), E-08036, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Josep Vidal-Alaball
- Unitat de Suport a la Recerca de la Catalunya Central, Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina, Sant Fruitós de Bages, Spain
- Health Promotion in Rural Areas Research Group, Gerència Territorial de la Catalunya Central, Institut Català de la Salut, Sant Fruitós de Bages, Spain
| | - Gemma Ruiz-Olalla
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Carrer Roselló 153 (CEK building), E-08036, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Marta Vidal
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Carrer Roselló 153 (CEK building), E-08036, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Rocío Rubio
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Carrer Roselló 153 (CEK building), E-08036, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Emma Cascant
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Carrer Roselló 153 (CEK building), E-08036, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Daniel Parras
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPs), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Natalia Rodrigo Melero
- Biomolecular Screening and Protein Technologies Unit, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pau Serra
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPs), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlo Carolis
- Biomolecular Screening and Protein Technologies Unit, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pere Santamaria
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPs), Barcelona, Spain
- Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre (JMDRC) and Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Anna Forcada
- Gerència Territorial de la Catalunya Central, Institut Català de la Salut, Sant Fruitós de Bages, Spain
| | - Jacobo Mendioroz
- Health Promotion in Rural Areas Research Group, Gerència Territorial de la Catalunya Central, Institut Català de la Salut, Sant Fruitós de Bages, Spain
- COVID-19 Response Unit, Department of Health, Generalitat de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ruth Aguilar
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Carrer Roselló 153 (CEK building), E-08036, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Gemma Moncunill
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Carrer Roselló 153 (CEK building), E-08036, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Anna Ruiz-Comellas
- Unitat de Suport a la Recerca de la Catalunya Central, Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina, Sant Fruitós de Bages, Spain
- Health Promotion in Rural Areas Research Group, Gerència Territorial de la Catalunya Central, Institut Català de la Salut, Sant Fruitós de Bages, Spain
- Centre d'Atenció Primària (CAP) Sant Joan de Vilatorrada, Gerència Territorial de la Catalunya Central, Institut Català de la Salut, Sant Fruitós de Bages, Spain
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43
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Dobaño C, Santano R, Jiménez A, Vidal M, Chi J, Rodrigo Melero N, Popovic M, López-Aladid R, Fernández-Barat L, Tortajada M, Carmona-Torre F, Reina G, Torres A, Mayor A, Carolis C, García-Basteiro AL, Aguilar R, Moncunill G, Izquierdo L. Immunogenicity and crossreactivity of antibodies to the nucleocapsid protein of SARS-CoV-2: utility and limitations in seroprevalence and immunity studies. Transl Res 2021; 232:60-74. [PMID: 33582244 PMCID: PMC7879156 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2021.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19 patients elicit strong responses to the nucleocapsid (N) protein of SARS-CoV-2 but binding antibodies are also detected in prepandemic individuals, indicating potential crossreactivity with common cold human coronaviruses (HCoV) and questioning its utility in seroprevalence studies. We investigated the immunogenicity of the full-length and shorter fragments of the SARS-CoV-2 N protein, and the crossreactivity of antibodies with HCoV. We identified a C-terminus region in SARS-CoV2 N of minimal sequence homology with HCoV that was more specific for SARS-CoV-2 and highly immunogenic. IgGs to the full-length SARS-CoV-2 N also recognized N229E N, and IgGs to HKU1 N recognized SARS-CoV-2 N. Crossreactivity with SARS-CoV-2 was stronger for alpha- rather than beta-HCoV despite having less sequence identity, revealing the importance of conformational recognition. Higher preexisting IgG to OC43 N correlated with lower IgG to SARS-CoV-2 N in rRT-PCR negative individuals, reflecting less exposure and indicating a potential protective association. Antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 N were higher in patients with more severe and longer duration of symptoms and in females. IgGs remained stable for at least 3 months, while IgAs and IgMs declined faster. In conclusion, N protein is a primary target of SARS-CoV-2-specific and HCoV crossreactive antibodies, both of which may affect the acquisition of immunity to COVID-19.
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Key Words
- ade, antibody-dependent disease enhancement
- covid-19, coronavirus disease 2019
- ct, c-terminus
- fl, full-length
- hcov, common cold human coronavirus
- loess, locally estimated scatterplot smoothing
- m, month
- mfi, median fluorescence intensity
- n, nucleocapsid
- nt, n-terminus
- rbd, receptor-binding domain
- rrt-pcr, real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction
- s, spike
- sars-cov-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlota Dobaño
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Spain.
| | - Rebeca Santano
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Alfons Jiménez
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Marta Vidal
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jordi Chi
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Natalia Rodrigo Melero
- Biomolecular Screening and Protein Technologies Unit, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Matija Popovic
- Biomolecular Screening and Protein Technologies Unit, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rubén López-Aladid
- Cellex Laboratory, CibeRes (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias, 06/06/0028), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laia Fernández-Barat
- Cellex Laboratory, CibeRes (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias, 06/06/0028), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Tortajada
- Occupational Health Department, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco Carmona-Torre
- Infectious Diseases Division and Clinical Microbiology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Spain
| | - Gabriel Reina
- Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Antoni Torres
- Cellex Laboratory, CibeRes (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias, 06/06/0028), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain; Pneumology Service, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alfredo Mayor
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Spain; Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Carlo Carolis
- Biomolecular Screening and Protein Technologies Unit, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alberto L García-Basteiro
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique; International Health Department, Hospital Clinic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ruth Aguilar
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Gemma Moncunill
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Luis Izquierdo
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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Royo-Cebrecos C, Vilanova D, López J, Arroyo V, Pons M, Francisco G, Carrasco MG, Piqué JM, Sanz S, Dobaño C, García-Basteiro AL. Mass SARS-CoV-2 serological screening, a population-based study in the Principality of Andorra. THE LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. EUROPE 2021; 5:100119. [PMID: 34557824 PMCID: PMC8454851 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanepe.2021.100119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Andorra is a small country located in the Pyrenees attracting millions of visitors for tourism, mostly associated with skiing, and nature-related activities. As its neighbouring countries, Spain and France, it has been heavily affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. We estimated SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in the entire country by universal serological testing under a lockdown environment. METHODS A total of 77,543 inhabitants of Andorra were invited to participate in the study. From 4-28 May, 2020, two cross sectional serological surveys were conducted using a rapid serological test (nCOV IgG/IgM) on a finger prick blood sample in 59 drive-through or walk-through checkpoints, all over Andorra. We calculated seroprevalence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 and analysed the main sociodemographic factors associated with being seropositive. FINDINGS 70,494 inhabitants (90.9% of the population) participated in at least one survey. Overall seroprevalence was 11.0%. The most affected age groups were those over 90 years old (15.2%) and 80-89 (13.8%), followed by adults 50-59 (13.6%) and adolescents 10-19 (13.7%). Most seropositive participants, 6,061 (95.1%), were asymptomatic before the surveys. The multivariable analysis showed that the odds of being seropositive was higher among seasonal workers (OR 2.41; 95% CI 1.07-5.45) or in the population living in La Massana region, a popular ski-related area (OR 2.66; 95% CI 2.44-2.89). A higher seroprevalence was observed in those familiar nuclei with greater numbers of cohabitants: 18% in families with 6 household members or more; 13% in medium size families (3/4/5 people) and 12% in small size (1 to 2 people) nuclei. INTERPRETATION The prevalence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in the population of Andorra was high during the first wave of the pandemic. Seasonal workers and inhabitants based in La Massana presented a higher seroprevalence. Mass antibody screening allows to identify infection hotspots and should contribute to the design of tailored interventions to prevent SARS-CoV-2 transmission in Andorra. FUNDING Andorran Ministry of Health, Andorran Health Services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Royo-Cebrecos
- Internal Medicine Department of Hospital Nostra Senyora de Meritxell, Escaldes-Engordany, Andorra
- Andorra Health Services (SAAS), Escaldes-Engordany, Andorra
| | | | - Joel López
- Genomictales, Escaldes-Engordany, Andorra
| | | | - Marc Pons
- Andorra Innovation Hub, Andorra la Vella, Andorra
- Andorran Research Institute (IEA), Andorra La Vella, Andorra
| | | | | | - Josep M. Piqué
- Andorra Health Services (SAAS), Escaldes-Engordany, Andorra
| | - Sergi Sanz
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Spanish Consortium for Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Basic Clinical Practice, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlota Dobaño
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alberto L. García-Basteiro
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique
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45
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Development and Validation of a Multiplex Microsphere Immunoassay Using Dried Blood Spots for SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence: Application in First Responders in Colorado, USA. J Clin Microbiol 2021; 59:JCM.00290-21. [PMID: 33795412 PMCID: PMC8315929 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00290-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Serological testing of large representative populations for antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 is needed to estimate seroprevalence, transmission dynamics, and the duration of antibody responses from natural infection and vaccination. In this study, a high-throughput SARS-CoV-2 multiplex microsphere immunoassay (MMIA) was developed for the receptor binding domain (RBD) and nucleocapsid (N) that was more sensitive than enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (98% versus 87%). The MMIA was then applied and validated in 264 first responders in Colorado using serum and dried blood spot (DBS) eluates, compared to ELISA, and evaluated for neutralizing antibodies. Four percent (11/264) of first responders were seropositive in July to August 2020. Serum and DBS were highly correlated for anti-RBD and anti-N antibodies (R = 0.83, P < 0.0001 and R = 0.87, P < 0.0001, respectively) by MMIA. The MMIA accurately predicted SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies using DBS (R = 0.76, P = 0.037). On repeat antibody testing 3 months later, anti-RBD IgG decreased less rapidly than anti-N IgG measured by MMIA, with a median change in geometric median fluorescence intensity of 62% versus 79% (P < 0.01) for anti-RBD and anti-N IgG, respectively. This novel MMIA using DBS could be scalable for rapid and affordable SARS-CoV-2 serosurveillance in the United States and globally.
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Butt J, Murugan R, Hippchen T, Olberg S, van Straaten M, Wardemann H, Stebbins E, Kräusslich HG, Bartenschlager R, Brenner H, Laketa V, Schöttker B, Müller B, Merle U, Waterboer T. From Multiplex Serology to Serolomics-A Novel Approach to the Antibody Response against the SARS-CoV-2 Proteome. Viruses 2021; 13:749. [PMID: 33923338 PMCID: PMC8147094 DOI: 10.3390/v13050749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The emerging SARS-CoV-2 pandemic entails an urgent need for specific and sensitive high-throughput serological assays to assess SARS-CoV-2 epidemiology. We, therefore, aimed at developing a fluorescent-bead based SARS-CoV-2 multiplex serology assay for detection of antibody responses to the SARS-CoV-2 proteome. Proteins of the SARS-CoV-2 proteome and protein N of SARS-CoV-1 and common cold Coronaviruses (ccCoVs) were recombinantly expressed in E. coli or HEK293 cells. Assay performance was assessed in a COVID-19 case cohort (n = 48 hospitalized patients from Heidelberg) as well as n = 85 age- and sex-matched pre-pandemic controls from the ESTHER study. Assay validation included comparison with home-made immunofluorescence and commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA) assays. A sensitivity of 100% (95% CI: 86-100%) was achieved in COVID-19 patients 14 days post symptom onset with dual sero-positivity to SARS-CoV-2 N and the receptor-binding domain of the spike protein. The specificity obtained with this algorithm was 100% (95% CI: 96-100%). Antibody responses to ccCoVs N were abundantly high and did not correlate with those to SARS-CoV-2 N. Inclusion of additional SARS-CoV-2 proteins as well as separate assessment of immunoglobulin (Ig) classes M, A, and G allowed for explorative analyses regarding disease progression and course of antibody response. This newly developed SARS-CoV-2 multiplex serology assay achieved high sensitivity and specificity to determine SARS-CoV-2 sero-positivity. Its high throughput ability allows epidemiologic SARS-CoV-2 research in large population-based studies. Inclusion of additional pathogens into the panel as well as separate assessment of Ig isotypes will furthermore allow addressing research questions beyond SARS-CoV-2 sero-prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Butt
- Infections and Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Rajagopal Murugan
- B Cell Immunology, German Cancer Research Center (Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (R.M.); (H.W.)
| | - Theresa Hippchen
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (T.H.); (U.M.)
| | - Sylvia Olberg
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (S.O.); (H.-G.K.); (V.L.); (B.M.)
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Heidelberg Partner Site, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Monique van Straaten
- Division of Structural Biology of Infection and Immunity, German Cancer Research Center (Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (M.v.S.); (E.S.)
| | - Hedda Wardemann
- B Cell Immunology, German Cancer Research Center (Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (R.M.); (H.W.)
| | - Erec Stebbins
- Division of Structural Biology of Infection and Immunity, German Cancer Research Center (Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (M.v.S.); (E.S.)
| | - Hans-Georg Kräusslich
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (S.O.); (H.-G.K.); (V.L.); (B.M.)
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Heidelberg Partner Site, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Ralf Bartenschlager
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Heidelberg Partner Site, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Division Virus-Associated Carcinogenesis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (H.B.); (B.S.)
- Network Aging Research, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Vibor Laketa
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (S.O.); (H.-G.K.); (V.L.); (B.M.)
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Heidelberg Partner Site, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Ben Schöttker
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (H.B.); (B.S.)
- Network Aging Research, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Barbara Müller
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (S.O.); (H.-G.K.); (V.L.); (B.M.)
| | - Uta Merle
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (T.H.); (U.M.)
| | - Tim Waterboer
- Infections and Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
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Zhao B, Che C, Wang W, Li N, Cunningham BT. Single-step, wash-free digital immunoassay for rapid quantitative analysis of serological antibody against SARS-CoV-2 by photonic resonator absorption microscopy. Talanta 2021; 225:122004. [PMID: 33592744 PMCID: PMC7833826 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.122004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the cause of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), poses extraordinary threats and complex challenges to global public health. Quantitative measurement of SARS-CoV-2 antibody titer plays an important role in understanding the patient-to-patient variability of immune response, assessing the efficacy of vaccines, and identifying donors for blood transfusion therapy. There is an urgent and ever-increasing demand for serological COVID-19 antibody tests that are highly sensitive, quantitative, rapid, simple, minimally invasive, and inexpensive. In this work, we developed a single-step, wash-free immunoassay for rapid and highly sensitive quantitative analysis of serological human IgG against SARS-CoV-2 which requires only a single droplet of serum. By simply incubating 4 μL human serum samples with antibody-functionalized gold nanoparticles, a photonic crystal optical biosensor coated with the recombinant spike protein serves as a sensing platform for the formation of sandwich immunocomplex through specific antigen-antibody interactions, upon which the detected IgG molecules can be counted with digital precision. We demonstrated a single-step 15-min assay capable of detecting as low as 100 pg mL-1 human COVID-19 IgG in serum samples. The calculated limit of detecting (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) is 26.7 ± 7.7 and 32.0 ± 8.9 pg mL-1, respectively. This work represents the first utilization of the Activate Capture + Digital Counting (AC + DC)-based immunoassay for rapid and quantitative analysis of serological COVID-19 antibody, demonstrating a route toward point-of-care testing, using a portable detection instrument. On the basis of the sandwich immunoassay principle, the biosensing platform can be extended for the multiplexed detection of antigens, additional IgGs, cytokines, and other protein biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhao
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA; Nick Holonyak, Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Congnyu Che
- Nick Holonyak, Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Weijing Wang
- Nick Holonyak, Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Nantao Li
- Nick Holonyak, Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Brian T Cunningham
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA; Nick Holonyak, Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA; Cancer Center at Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
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48
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Kumar A, Singh R, Kaur J, Pandey S, Sharma V, Thakur L, Sati S, Mani S, Asthana S, Sharma TK, Chaudhuri S, Bhattacharyya S, Kumar N. Wuhan to World: The COVID-19 Pandemic. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:596201. [PMID: 33859951 PMCID: PMC8042280 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.596201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 is a Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), caused by SARS-CoV-2, a novel virus which belongs to the family Coronaviridae. It was first reported in December 2019 in the Wuhan city of China and soon after, the virus and hence the disease got spread to the entire world. As of February 26, 2021, SARS-CoV-2 has infected ~112.20 million people and caused ~2.49 million deaths across the globe. Although the case fatality rate among SARS-CoV-2 patient is lower (~2.15%) than its earlier relatives, SARS-CoV (~9.5%) and MERS-CoV (~34.4%), the SARS-CoV-2 has been observed to be more infectious and caused higher morbidity and mortality worldwide. As of now, only the knowledge regarding potential transmission routes and the rapidly developed diagnostics has been guiding the world for managing the disease indicating an immediate need for a detailed understanding of the pathogen and the disease-biology. Over a very short period of time, researchers have generated a lot of information in unprecedented ways in the key areas, including viral entry into the host, dominant mutation, potential transmission routes, diagnostic targets and their detection assays, potential therapeutic targets and drug molecules for inhibiting viral entry and/or its replication in the host including cross-neutralizing antibodies and vaccine candidates that could help us to combat the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. In the current review, we have summarized the available knowledge about the pathogen and the disease, COVID-19. We believe that this readily available knowledge base would serve as a valuable resource to the scientific and clinical community and may help in faster development of the solution to combat the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Kumar
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), Faridabad, India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Rita Singh
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), Faridabad, India
- Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Jaskaran Kaur
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), Faridabad, India
- Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Sweta Pandey
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), Faridabad, India
- Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Vinita Sharma
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), Faridabad, India
- Central University of Haryana, Mahendragarh, India
| | - Lovnish Thakur
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), Faridabad, India
- Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Sangeeta Sati
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), Faridabad, India
| | - Shailendra Mani
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), Faridabad, India
| | - Shailendra Asthana
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), Faridabad, India
| | - Tarun Kumar Sharma
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), Faridabad, India
| | - Susmita Chaudhuri
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), Faridabad, India
| | | | - Niraj Kumar
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), Faridabad, India
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Fotis C, Meimetis N, Tsolakos N, Politou M, Akinosoglou K, Pliaka V, Minia A, Terpos E, Trougakos IP, Mentis A, Marangos M, Panayiotakopoulos G, Dimopoulos MA, Gogos C, Spyridonidis A, Alexopoulos LG. Accurate SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence surveys require robust multi-antigen assays. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6614. [PMID: 33758278 PMCID: PMC7988055 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86035-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a plethora of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) serological tests based either on nucleocapsid phosphoprotein (N), S1-subunit of spike glycoprotein (S1) or receptor binding domain (RBD). Although these single-antigen based tests demonstrate high clinical performance, there is growing evidence regarding their limitations in epidemiological serosurveys. To address this, we developed a Luminex-based multiplex immunoassay that detects total antibodies (IgG/IgM/IgA) against the N, S1 and RBD antigens and used it to compare antibody responses in 1225 blood donors across Greece. Seroprevalence based on single-antigen readouts was strongly influenced by both the antigen type and cut-off value and ranged widely [0.8% (95% CI 0.4–1.5%)–7.5% (95% CI 6.0–8.9%)]. A multi-antigen approach requiring partial agreement between RBD and N or S1 readouts (RBD&N|S1 rule) was less affected by cut-off selection, resulting in robust seroprevalence estimation [0.6% (95% CI 0.3–1.1%)–1.2% (95% CI 0.7–2.0%)] and accurate identification of seroconverted individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Fotis
- Biomedical Systems Laboratory, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Meimetis
- Biomedical Systems Laboratory, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Marianna Politou
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Karolina Akinosoglou
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Vaia Pliaka
- ProtATonce Ltd, Demokritos Science Park, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Evangelos Terpos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis P Trougakos
- Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Andreas Mentis
- Medicinal Microbiology Laboratory, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens, Greece
| | - Markos Marangos
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - George Panayiotakopoulos
- Pharmacology Laboratory, University of Patras, Patras, Greece.,National Public Health Organization, Athens, Greece
| | - Meletios A Dimopoulos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Charalampos Gogos
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Alexandros Spyridonidis
- Department of Internal Medicine, BMT Unit and CBMDP Donor Center, University of Patras, Patras, Greece.
| | - Leonidas G Alexopoulos
- Biomedical Systems Laboratory, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece. .,ProtATonce Ltd, Demokritos Science Park, Athens, Greece.
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50
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Tian L, Elsheikh EB, Patrone PN, Kearsley AJ, Gaigalas AK, Inwood S, Lin-Gibson S, Esposito D, Wang L. Towards Quantitative and Standardized Serological and Neutralization Assays for COVID-19. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2723. [PMID: 33800363 PMCID: PMC7962843 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantitative and robust serology assays are critical measurements underpinning global COVID-19 response to diagnostic, surveillance, and vaccine development. Here, we report a proof-of-concept approach for the development of quantitative, multiplexed flow cytometry-based serological and neutralization assays. The serology assays test the IgG and IgM against both the full-length spike antigens and the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the spike antigen. Benchmarking against an RBD-specific SARS-CoV IgG reference standard, the anti-SARS-CoV-2 RBD antibody titer was quantified in the range of 37.6 µg/mL to 31.0 ng/mL. The quantitative assays are highly specific with no correlative cross-reactivity with the spike proteins of MERS, SARS1, OC43 and HKU1 viruses. We further demonstrated good correlation between anti-RBD antibody titers and neutralizing antibody titers. The suite of serology and neutralization assays help to improve measurement confidence and are complementary and foundational for clinical and epidemiologic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linhua Tian
- Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA; (L.T.); (E.B.E.); (A.K.G.); (S.I.); (S.L.-G.)
| | - Elzafir B. Elsheikh
- Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA; (L.T.); (E.B.E.); (A.K.G.); (S.I.); (S.L.-G.)
| | - Paul N. Patrone
- Applied and Computational Mathematics Division, NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA; (P.N.P.); (A.J.K.)
| | - Anthony J. Kearsley
- Applied and Computational Mathematics Division, NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA; (P.N.P.); (A.J.K.)
| | - Adolfas K. Gaigalas
- Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA; (L.T.); (E.B.E.); (A.K.G.); (S.I.); (S.L.-G.)
| | - Sarah Inwood
- Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA; (L.T.); (E.B.E.); (A.K.G.); (S.I.); (S.L.-G.)
| | - Sheng Lin-Gibson
- Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA; (L.T.); (E.B.E.); (A.K.G.); (S.I.); (S.L.-G.)
| | - Dominic Esposito
- Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research (FNLCR), Frederick, MD 21702, USA;
| | - Lili Wang
- Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA; (L.T.); (E.B.E.); (A.K.G.); (S.I.); (S.L.-G.)
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