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Li Y, Singh S, Breckenridge HA, Cui TX, Vigil TM, Kreger JE, Lei J, Wong HKA, Sajjakulnukit P, Zhou X, Kelley Bentley J, Lyssiotis CA, Mortensen RM, Hershenson MB. Itaconate suppresses house dust mite-induced allergic airways disease and Th2 cell differentiation. Mucosal Immunol 2024:S1933-0219(24)00082-5. [PMID: 39147278 DOI: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2024.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Itaconate was initially identified as an antimicrobial compound produced by myeloid cells. Beyond its antimicrobial role, itaconate may also serve as a crucial metabolic and immune modulator. We therefore examined the roles of aconitate decarboxylase 1 (Acod1) and itaconate in house dust mite (HDM)-sensitized and -challenged mice, a model of T helper 2 (Th2)-driven allergic airways disease. HDM treatment induced lung Acod1 mRNA expression and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) itaconate levels in wild-type C57BL/6 mice. Acod1 knockout mice (Acod1-KO) with negligible BAL itaconate showed heightened HDM-induced type 2 cytokine expression, increased serum IgE, and enhanced recruitment of Th2 cells in the lung, indicating a shift towards a more pronounced Th2 immune response. Acod1-KO mice also showed increased eosinophilic airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness. Experiments in chimeric mice demonstrated that bone marrow from Acod1-KO mice is sufficient to increase type 2 cytokine expression in wild-type mice, and that restitution of bone marrow from wild type mice attenuates mRNA expression of Th2 cytokines in Acod1-KO mice. Specific deletion of Acod1 in lysozyme-secreting macrophages (LysM-cre+Acod1flox/flox) recapitulated the exaggerated phenotype observed in whole-body Acod1-KO mice. Adoptive transfer of Acod1-KO bone marrow-derived macrophages also increased lung mRNA expression of Th2 cytokines. In addition, treatment of Th2-polarized CD4 cells with itaconate impeded Th2 cell differentiation, as shown by reduced expression of Gata3 and decreased release of IL-5 and IL-13. Finally, public datasets of human samples show lower Acod1 expression in subjects with allergic asthma, consistent with a protective role of itaconate in asthma pathogenesis. Together, these data suggest that itaconate plays a protective, immunomodulatory role in limiting airway type 2 inflammation after allergen challenge by attenuating T cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | | | - Tracy X Cui
- Department of Pediatrics, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | | | - Jing Lei
- Department of Pediatrics, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Harrison K A Wong
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Peter Sajjakulnukit
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Zhou
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Costas A Lyssiotis
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Richard M Mortensen
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Marc B Hershenson
- Department of Pediatrics, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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2
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Bouzari B, Chugaeva UY, Karampoor S, Mirzaei R. Immunometabolites in viral infections: Action mechanism and function. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29807. [PMID: 39037069 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
The interplay between viral pathogens and host metabolism plays a pivotal role in determining the outcome of viral infections. Upon viral detection, the metabolic landscape of the host cell undergoes significant changes, shifting from oxidative respiration via the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle to increased aerobic glycolysis. This metabolic shift is accompanied by elevated nutrient accessibility, which is vital for cell function, development, and proliferation. Furthermore, depositing metabolites derived from fatty acids, TCA intermediates, and amino acid catabolism accelerates the immunometabolic transition, facilitating pro-inflammatory and antimicrobial responses. Immunometabolites refer to small molecules involved in cellular metabolism regulating the immune response. These molecules include nutrients, such as glucose and amino acids, along with metabolic intermediates and signaling molecules adenosine, lactate, itaconate, succinate, kynurenine, and prostaglandins. Emerging evidence suggests that immunometabolites released by immune cells establish a complex interaction network within local niches, orchestrating and fine-tuning immune responses during viral diseases. However, our current understanding of the immense capacity of metabolites to convey essential cell signals from one cell to another or within cellular compartments remains incomplete. Unraveling these complexities would be crucial for harnessing the potential of immunometabolites in therapeutic interventions. In this review, we discuss specific immunometabolites and their mechanisms of action in viral infections, emphasizing recent findings and future directions in this rapidly evolving field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnaz Bouzari
- Department of Pathology, Firouzgar Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Uliana Y Chugaeva
- Department of Pediatric, Preventive Dentistry and Orthodontics, Institute of Dentistry, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Sajad Karampoor
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rasoul Mirzaei
- Venom and Biotherapeutics Molecules Lab, Medical Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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3
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Ye D, Wang P, Chen LL, Guan KL, Xiong Y. Itaconate in host inflammation and defense. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2024; 35:586-606. [PMID: 38448252 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2024.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Immune cells undergo rapid and extensive metabolic changes during inflammation. In addition to contributing to energetic and biosynthetic demands, metabolites can also function as signaling molecules. Itaconate (ITA) rapidly accumulates to high levels in myeloid cells under infectious and sterile inflammatory conditions. This metabolite binds to and regulates the function of diverse proteins intracellularly to influence metabolism, oxidative response, epigenetic modification, and gene expression and to signal extracellularly through binding the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR). Administration of ITA protects against inflammatory diseases and blockade of ITA production enhances antitumor immunity in preclinical models. In this article, we review ITA metabolism and its regulation, discuss its target proteins and mechanisms, and conjecture a rationale for developing ITA-based therapeutics to treat inflammatory diseases and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Ye
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Pu Wang
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei-Lei Chen
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kun-Liang Guan
- School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yue Xiong
- Cullgen Inc., 12730 High Bluff Drive, San Diego, CA 92130, USA.
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4
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Kombe Kombe AJ, Fotoohabadi L, Nanduri R, Gerasimova Y, Daskou M, Gain C, Sharma E, Wong M, Kelesidis T. The Role of the Nrf2 Pathway in Airway Tissue Damage Due to Viral Respiratory Infections. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7042. [PMID: 39000157 PMCID: PMC11241721 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Respiratory viruses constitute a significant cause of illness and death worldwide. Respiratory virus-associated injuries include oxidative stress, ferroptosis, inflammation, pyroptosis, apoptosis, fibrosis, autoimmunity, and vascular injury. Several studies have demonstrated the involvement of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in the pathophysiology of viral infection and associated complications. It has thus emerged as a pivotal player in cellular defense mechanisms against such damage. Here, we discuss the impact of Nrf2 activation on airway injuries induced by respiratory viruses, including viruses, coronaviruses, rhinoviruses, and respiratory syncytial viruses. The inhibition or deregulation of Nrf2 pathway activation induces airway tissue damage in the presence of viral respiratory infections. In contrast, Nrf2 pathway activation demonstrates protection against tissue and organ injuries. Clinical trials involving Nrf2 agonists are needed to define the effect of Nrf2 therapeutics on airway tissues and organs damaged by viral respiratory infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud John Kombe Kombe
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; (A.J.K.K.)
| | - Leila Fotoohabadi
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; (A.J.K.K.)
| | - Ravikanth Nanduri
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; (A.J.K.K.)
| | - Yulia Gerasimova
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; (A.J.K.K.)
| | - Maria Daskou
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Chandrima Gain
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Eashan Sharma
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Michael Wong
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Theodoros Kelesidis
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; (A.J.K.K.)
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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5
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Mire MM, Elesela S, Morris S, Corfas G, Rasky A, Lukacs NW. Respiratory Virus-Induced PARP1 Alters DC Metabolism and Antiviral Immunity Inducing Pulmonary Immunopathology. Viruses 2024; 16:910. [PMID: 38932202 PMCID: PMC11209157 DOI: 10.3390/v16060910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Previous studies from our laboratory and others have established the dendritic cell (DC) as a key target of RSV that drives infection-induced pathology. Analysis of RSV-induced transcriptomic changes in RSV-infected DC revealed metabolic gene signatures suggestive of altered cellular metabolism. Reverse phase protein array (RPPA) data showed significantly increased PARP1 phosphorylation in RSV-infected DC. Real-time cell metabolic analysis demonstrated increased glycolysis in PARP1-/- DC after RSV infection, confirming a role for PARP1 in regulating DC metabolism. Our data show that enzymatic inhibition or genomic ablation of PARP1 resulted in increased ifnb1, il12, and il27 in RSV-infected DC which, together, promote a more appropriate anti-viral environment. PARP1-/- mice and PARP1-inhibitor-treated mice were protected against RSV-induced immunopathology including airway inflammation, Th2 cytokine production, and mucus hypersecretion. However, delayed treatment with PARP1 inhibitor in RSV-infected mice provided only partial protection, suggesting that PARP1 is most important during the earlier innate immune stage of RSV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M. Mire
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Srikanth Elesela
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Mary H Weiser Food Allergy Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Susan Morris
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Gabriel Corfas
- Department of Otolaryngology, Kresege Hearing Research Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;
| | - Andrew Rasky
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Nicholas W. Lukacs
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Mary H Weiser Food Allergy Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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6
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Schofield JH, Longo J, Sheldon RD, Albano E, Ellis AE, Hawk MA, Murphy S, Duong L, Rahmy S, Lu X, Jones RG, Schafer ZT. Acod1 expression in cancer cells promotes immune evasion through the generation of inhibitory peptides. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113984. [PMID: 38520689 PMCID: PMC11090053 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Targeting programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) is an important component of many immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapeutic approaches. However, ICB is not an efficacious strategy in a variety of cancer types, in part due to immunosuppressive metabolites in the tumor microenvironment. Here, we find that αPD-1-resistant cancer cells produce abundant itaconate (ITA) due to enhanced levels of aconitate decarboxylase (Acod1). Acod1 has an important role in the resistance to αPD-1, as decreasing Acod1 levels in αPD-1-resistant cancer cells can sensitize tumors to αPD-1 therapy. Mechanistically, cancer cells with high Acod1 inhibit the proliferation of naive CD8+ T cells through the secretion of inhibitory factors. Surprisingly, inhibition of CD8+ T cell proliferation is not dependent on the secretion of ITA but is instead a consequence of the release of small inhibitory peptides. Our study suggests that strategies to counter the activity of Acod1 in cancer cells may sensitize tumors to ICB therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- James H Schofield
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Joseph Longo
- Department of Metabolism and Nutritional Programming, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Ryan D Sheldon
- Mass Spectrometry Core, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Emma Albano
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Abigail E Ellis
- Mass Spectrometry Core, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Mark A Hawk
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Sean Murphy
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Loan Duong
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Sharif Rahmy
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Xin Lu
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Russell G Jones
- Department of Metabolism and Nutritional Programming, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Zachary T Schafer
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
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7
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Toh JYL, Zwe YH, Tan MTH, Gong Z, Li D. Sequential infection of human norovirus and Salmonella enterica resulted in higher mortality and ACOD1/IRG1 upregulation in zebrafish larvae. Microbes Infect 2024; 26:105229. [PMID: 37739029 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2023.105229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Human norovirus (HNoVs) and Salmonella are both very important foodborne pathogens with mixed infection of HNoV and Salmonella reported clinically. With the use of model organism zebrafish (Danio rerio), it was observed that the sequential infection of HNoVs and Salmonella caused lower survival rates (12.5 ± 4.2%) than the single-pathogen infection by Salmonella (31.6 ± 7.3%, P < 0.05) or HNoVs (no mortality observed). Gene expression study with the use of RT-PCR and global transcriptomic analysis revealed that the mortality of zebrafish larvae was very likely due to the harmful inflammatory responses. Specifically, it was noted that the genes encoding aconitate decarboxylase 1 (ACOD1), also known as immunoresponsive gene 1 (IRG1), were significantly upregulated in the sequentially infected zebrafish larvae. The expression of acod1 could lead to mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. The ROS levels were indeed higher in sequentially infected zebrafish larvae than the single-pathogen infected ones (P < 0.05). An immersion treatment of glutathione or citraconate did not affect the microbial loads of HNoVs and Salmonella but significantly reduced the ROS levels and protected the zebrafish larvae by inducing higher survival rates in the sequentially infected zebrafish larvae (P < 0.05). Taken together, this study accumulated new knowledge over the function of ACOD1/IRG1 pathway in infectious diseases, and proposed possible treatment strategies accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillinda Yi Ling Toh
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ye Htut Zwe
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Malcolm Turk Hsern Tan
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhiyuan Gong
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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Daskou M, Fotooh Abadi L, Gain C, Wong M, Sharma E, Kombe Kombe AJ, Nanduri R, Kelesidis T. The Role of the NRF2 Pathway in the Pathogenesis of Viral Respiratory Infections. Pathogens 2023; 13:39. [PMID: 38251346 PMCID: PMC10819673 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13010039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
In humans, acute and chronic respiratory infections caused by viruses are associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. Respiratory viruses infect airway epithelial cells and induce oxidative stress, yet the exact pathogenesis remains unclear. Oxidative stress activates the transcription factor NRF2, which plays a key role in alleviating redox-induced cellular injury. The transcriptional activation of NRF2 has been reported to affect both viral replication and associated inflammation pathways. There is complex bidirectional crosstalk between virus replication and the NRF2 pathway because virus replication directly or indirectly regulates NRF2 expression, and NRF2 activation can reversely hamper viral replication and viral spread across cells and tissues. In this review, we discuss the complex role of the NRF2 pathway in the regulation of the pathogenesis of the main respiratory viruses, including coronaviruses, influenza viruses, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and rhinoviruses. We also summarize the scientific evidence regarding the effects of the known NRF2 agonists that can be utilized to alter the NRF2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Daskou
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Leila Fotooh Abadi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; (L.F.A.); (R.N.)
| | - Chandrima Gain
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Michael Wong
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Eashan Sharma
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Arnaud John Kombe Kombe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; (L.F.A.); (R.N.)
| | - Ravikanth Nanduri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; (L.F.A.); (R.N.)
| | - Theodoros Kelesidis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; (L.F.A.); (R.N.)
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9
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Tomal F, Sausset A, Le Vern Y, Sedano L, Techer C, Lacroix-Lamandé S, Laurent F, Silvestre A, Bussière FI. Microbiota promotes recruitment and pro-inflammatory response of caecal macrophages during E. tenella infection. Gut Pathog 2023; 15:65. [PMID: 38098020 PMCID: PMC10720127 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-023-00591-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eimeria genus belongs to the apicomplexan parasite phylum and is responsible for coccidiosis, an intestinal disease with a major economic impact on poultry production. Eimeria tenella is one of the most virulent species in chickens. In a previous study, we showed a negative impact of caecal microbiota on the physiopathology of this infection. However, the mechanism by which microbiota leads to the physiopathology remained undetermined. Macrophages play a key role in inflammatory processes and their interaction with the microbiota during E. tenella infection have never been investigated. We therefore examined the impact of microbiota on macrophages during E. tenella infection. Macrophages were monitored in caecal tissues by immunofluorescence staining with KUL01 antibody in non-infected and infected germ-free and conventional chickens. Caecal cells were isolated, stained, analyzed and sorted to examine their gene expression using high-throughput qPCR. RESULTS We demonstrated that microbiota was essential for caecal macrophage recruitment in E. tenella infection. Furthermore, microbiota promoted a pro-inflammatory transcriptomic profile of macrophages characterized by increased gene expression of NOS2, ACOD1, PTGS2, TNFα, IL1β, IL6, IL8L1, IL8L2 and CCL20 in infected chickens. Administration of caecal microbiota from conventional chickens to germ-free infected chickens partially restored macrophage recruitment and response. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these results suggest that the microbiota enhances the physiopathology of this infection through macrophage recruitment and activation. Consequently, strategies involving modulation of the gut microbiota may lead to attenuation of the macrophage-mediated inflammatory response, thereby limiting the negative clinical outcome of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Tomal
- INRAE, Université de Tours, UMR ISP, 37380, Nouzilly, France
- MixScience, 35170, Bruz, France
| | - A Sausset
- INRAE, Université de Tours, UMR ISP, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Y Le Vern
- INRAE, Université de Tours, UMR ISP, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - L Sedano
- INRAE, Université de Tours, UMR ISP, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | | | | | - F Laurent
- INRAE, Université de Tours, UMR ISP, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - A Silvestre
- INRAE, Université de Tours, UMR ISP, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - F I Bussière
- INRAE, Université de Tours, UMR ISP, 37380, Nouzilly, France.
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10
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Mao L, Wang S, Qu Y, Wang H, Zhao Y, Zhu C, Zhang Z, Jin C, Herdewijn P, Liu FW, Wang Z. Design, synthesis, and anti-respiratory syncytial virus potential of novel 3-(1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)furoxazine-fused benzimidazole derivatives. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 261:115799. [PMID: 37722289 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of serious lower respiratory tract infections in infants, children, and older persons. Currently, the only approved anti-viral chemotherapeutic drug for RSV treatment is ribavirin aerosol; however, its significant toxicity has led to restricted clinical use. In a previous study, we developed various benzimidazole derivatives against RSV. In this study, we synthesised 3-azide substituted furoxazine-fused benzimidazole derivatives by sulfonylation and azide substitution of the 3-hydroxyl group of the furoxazine-fused benzimidazole derivatives. Subsequently, a series of 3-(1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)-substituted furoxazine-fused benzimidazole derivatives were synthesised using the classical click reaction. Biological evaluations of the target compounds indicated that compound 4a-2 had higher activity against RSV (EC50 = 12.17 μM) and lower cytotoxicity (CC50 = 390.64 μM). Compound 4a-2 exerted anti-viral effects against the RSV Long strain by inhibiting apoptosis and the elevation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammatory factors caused by viral infection in vitro. Additionally, the clinical symptoms of the virus-infected mice were markedly relieved, and the viral load in the lung tissues was dramatically decreased. The biosafety profile of compound 4a-2 was also favourable, showing no detectable adverse effects on any of the major organs in vivo. These findings underscore the potential of compound 4a-2 as a valuable therapeutic option for combating RSV infections while also laying the foundation for further research and development in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Mao
- XNA Platform, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Key Laboratory of "Runliang" Anti-viral Medicines Research and Development, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Song Wang
- XNA Platform, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Ying Qu
- XNA Platform, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Key Laboratory of "Runliang" Anti-viral Medicines Research and Development, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Haixia Wang
- XNA Platform, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yifan Zhao
- XNA Platform, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Chuantao Zhu
- XNA Platform, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zhongmou Zhang
- XNA Platform, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Key Laboratory of "Runliang" Anti-viral Medicines Research and Development, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Chengyun Jin
- XNA Platform, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Piet Herdewijn
- XNA Platform, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Medicinal Chemistry, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Feng-Wu Liu
- XNA Platform, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Zhenya Wang
- XNA Platform, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Key Laboratory of "Runliang" Anti-viral Medicines Research and Development, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; International Joint Research Centre of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengdong New District Longzi Lake 15#, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
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11
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Scimeca RC, Reichard MV. Differential gene expression response to acute and chronic Cytauzxoon felis infection in domestic cats (Felis catus). Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2023; 14:102242. [PMID: 37651848 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2023.102242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Cytauxzoonosis is a severe tick transmitted protozoan disease of domestic cats, caused by Cytauxzoon felis. The disease is characterized by acute onset of high fever, depression, lethargy, inappentence, anorexia, icterus, dehydration, hemolytic anemia, and alteration of immune response. The aim of our study was to further detail the immune response of domestic cats to C. felis infection by comparing the differential expression of feline immune transcriptional elements during acute and chronic cytauxzoonosis. True single molecule sequencing (tSMS) was used to analyze the whole genome of acutely and chronically infected C. felis cats, focusing on the analysis of genes involved on the immune response. Two C. felis donor cats were infested with Amblyomma americanum nymphs, which after repletion were collected and kept in humidity chambers until they molted. The resulting A. americanum were randomly selected to infest three C. felis naïve principal cats. Infection of these cats was confirmed by nested PCR of the 18S rRNA C. felis gene and clinical signs. RNA was extracted from whole blood at different time points and used for tSMS analyses, the results revealed overexpression in transcripts involved in type I interferon signaling, cellular and cytokine responses during the acute stage of infection, while cell cycle, and metabolic processes were downregulated. Genes involved in cell adhesion increased their expression in the chronic infected cats, whereas inflammatory and apoptotic related genes were downregulated. This study provided information on the host immune response to C. felis in domestic cats, demonstrating that inflammatory, apoptotic, and cell adhesion are some of the pathways altered during acute and chronic infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth C Scimeca
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078.
| | - Mason V Reichard
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078
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12
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Yang X, Liu X, Nie Y, Zhan F, Zhu B. Oxidative stress and ROS-mediated cellular events in RSV infection: potential protective roles of antioxidants. Virol J 2023; 20:224. [PMID: 37798799 PMCID: PMC10557227 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-023-02194-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), a member of the Pneumoviridae family, can cause severe acute lower respiratory tract infection in infants, young children, immunocompromised individuals and elderly people. RSV is associated with an augmented innate immune response, enhanced secretion of inflammatory cytokines, and necrosis of infected cells. Oxidative stress, which is mainly characterized as an imbalance in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant responses, interacts with all the pathophysiologic processes above and is receiving increasing attention in RSV infection. A gradual accumulation of evidence indicates that ROS overproduction plays an important role in the pathogenesis of severe RSV infection and serves as a major factor in pulmonary inflammation and tissue damage. Thus, antioxidants seem to be an effective treatment for severe RSV infection. This article mainly reviews the information on oxidative stress and ROS-mediated cellular events during RSV infection for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, 441021, Hubei, China
| | - Xue Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, 441021, Hubei, China
| | - Yujun Nie
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, 441021, Hubei, China
| | - Fei Zhan
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, 441021, Hubei, China
| | - Bin Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, 441021, Hubei, China.
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13
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Zhang L, Dong Y, Zhang L, Wang M, Zhou Y, Jia K, Wang S, Wang M, Li Y, Luo S, Lu S, Fan Y, Zhang D, Yang Y, Li N, Yu Y, Cao X, Hou J. Mitochondrial IRG1 traps MCL-1 to induce hepatocyte apoptosis and promote carcinogenesis. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:625. [PMID: 37737207 PMCID: PMC10517141 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06155-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocarcinogenesis is initiated by repeated hepatocyte death and liver damage, and the underlying mechanisms mediating cell death and the subsequent carcinogenesis remain to be fully investigated. Immunoresponsive gene 1 (IRG1) and its enzymatic metabolite itaconate are known to suppress inflammation in myeloid cells, and its expression in liver parenchymal hepatocytes is currently determined. However, the potential roles of IRG1 in hepatocarcinogenesis are still unknown. Here, using the diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced hepatocarcinogenesis mouse model, we found that IRG1 expression in hepatocytes was markedly induced upon DEN administration. The DEN-induced IRG1 was then determined to promote the intrinsic mitochondrial apoptosis of hepatocytes and liver damage, thus enhancing the subsequent hepatocarcinogenesis. Mechanistically, the mitochondrial IRG1 could associate and trap anti-apoptotic MCL-1 to inhibit the interaction between MCL-1 and pro-apoptotic Bim, thus promoting Bim activation and downstream Bax mitochondrial translocation, and then releasing cytochrome c and initiating apoptosis. Thus, the inducible mitochondrial IRG1 promotes hepatocyte apoptosis and the following hepatocarcinogenesis, which provides mechanistic insight and a potential target for preventing liver injury and HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyuan Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology & Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yue Dong
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology & Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Luxin Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology & Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Minjun Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Stem Cell and Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Ye Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology & Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Kaiwei Jia
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology & Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Suyuan Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology & Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Mu Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology & Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yunhui Li
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology & Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Shudan Luo
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology & Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Shan Lu
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology & Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yiwen Fan
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology & Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Dingji Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology & Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yingyun Yang
- Center for Immunotherapy, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Nan Li
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology & Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yizhi Yu
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology & Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xuetao Cao
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology & Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
- Center for Immunotherapy, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100005, China.
| | - Jin Hou
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology & Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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14
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Schofield JH, Longo J, Sheldon RD, Albano E, Hawk MA, Murphy S, Duong L, Rahmy S, Lu X, Jones RG, Schafer ZT. Acod1 Expression in Cancer Cells Promotes Immune Evasion through the Generation of Inhibitory Peptides. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.14.557799. [PMID: 37745450 PMCID: PMC10515953 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.14.557799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Targeting PD-1 is an important component of many immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapeutic approaches. However, ICB is not an efficacious strategy in a variety of cancer types, in part due to immunosuppressive metabolites in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Here, we find that αPD-1-resistant cancer cells produce abundant itaconate (ITA) due to enhanced levels of aconitate decarboxylase (Acod1). Acod1 has an important role in the resistance to αPD-1, as decreasing Acod1 levels in αPD-1 resistant cancer cells can sensitize tumors to αPD-1 therapy. Mechanistically, cancer cells with high Acod1 inhibit the proliferation of naïve CD8+ T cells through the secretion of inhibitory factors. Surprisingly, inhibition of CD8+ T cell proliferation is not dependent on secretion of ITA, but is instead a consequence of the release of small inhibitory peptides. Our study suggests that strategies to counter the activity of Acod1 in cancer cells may sensitize tumors to ICB therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- James H. Schofield
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556 USA
| | - Joseph Longo
- Department of Metabolism and Nutritional Programming, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503, USA
| | - Ryan D. Sheldon
- Mass Spectrometry Core, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503, USA
| | - Emma Albano
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556 USA
| | - Mark A. Hawk
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556 USA
| | - Sean Murphy
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556 USA
| | - Loan Duong
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556 USA
| | - Sharif Rahmy
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556 USA
| | - Xin Lu
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556 USA
| | - Russell G. Jones
- Department of Metabolism and Nutritional Programming, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503, USA
| | - Zachary T. Schafer
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556 USA
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15
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Panner Selvam MK, Kanagaraj V, Kathaperumal K, Nissly RH, Daly JM, Kuchipudi SV. Comparative transcriptome analysis of spleen of Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) infected chicken and Japanese quail: a potential role of NF-κβ pathway activation in NDV resistance. Virusdisease 2023; 34:402-409. [PMID: 37780899 PMCID: PMC10533468 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-023-00833-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Newcastle disease (ND) affects a few hundred avian species including chicken and several species of domestic and wild birds. The clinical outcome of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) infection ranges from mild to severe fatal disease depending on the NDV pathotype and the host species involved. Japanese quails serve as natural reservoirs of NDV and play important role in NDV epidemiology. While infection of chicken with velogenic NDV results in severe often fatal illness, the same infection in Japanese quails results in inapparent infection. The molecular basis of this contrasting clinical outcomes of NDV infection is not yet clearly known. We compared global gene expression in spleen of chicken and Japanese quails infected with lentogenic and velogenic NDVs. We found contrasting regulation of key genes associated with NF-κB pathway and T-cell activation between chicken and Japanese quails. Our data suggests association of NDV resistance in Japanese quails to activation of NF-κB pathway and T cell proliferation. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13337-023-00833-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manesh Kumar Panner Selvam
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Madras Veterinary College, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, India
| | - Vijayrani Kanagaraj
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Madras Veterinary College, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, India
| | - Kumanan Kathaperumal
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Madras Veterinary College, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, India
| | - Ruth H. Nissly
- Animal Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, USA
| | - Janet M. Daly
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Nottingham, UK
| | - Suresh V. Kuchipudi
- Animal Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, USA
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16
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Wu R, Liu J, Tang D, Kang R. The Dual Role of ACOD1 in Inflammation. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 211:518-526. [PMID: 37549395 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Immunometabolism is an interdisciplinary field that focuses on the relationship between metabolic pathways and immune responses. Dysregulated immunometabolism contributes to many pathological settings, such as cytokine storm or immune tolerance. Aconitate decarboxylase 1 (ACOD1, also known as immunoresponsive gene 1), the mitochondrial enzyme responsible for catalyzing itaconate production, was originally identified as a bacterial LPS-inducible gene involved in innate immunity in mouse macrophages. We now know that the upregulation of ACOD1 expression in immune or nonimmune cells plays a context-dependent role in metabolic reprogramming, signal transduction, inflammasome regulation, and protein modification. The emerging function of ACOD1 in inflammation and infection is a double-edged sword. In this review, we discuss how ACOD1 regulates anti-inflammatory or proinflammatory responses in an itaconate-dependent or -independent manner. Further understanding of ACOD1 expression and function may pave the way for the development of precision therapies for inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runliu Wu
- Department of Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jiao Liu
- DAMP Laboratory, Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Daolin Tang
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Rui Kang
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
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17
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Yuk JM, Park EJ, Kim IS, Jo EK. Itaconate family-based host-directed therapeutics for infections. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1203756. [PMID: 37261340 PMCID: PMC10228716 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1203756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Itaconate is a crucial anti-infective and anti-inflammatory immunometabolite that accumulates upon disruption of the Krebs cycle in effector macrophages undergoing inflammatory stress. Esterified derivatives of itaconate (4-octyl itaconate and dimethyl itaconate) and its isomers (mesaconate and citraconate) are promising candidate drugs for inflammation and infection. Several itaconate family members participate in host defense, immune and metabolic modulation, and amelioration of infection, although opposite effects have also been reported. However, the precise mechanisms by which itaconate and its family members exert its effects are not fully understood. In addition, contradictory results in different experimental settings and a lack of clinical data make it difficult to draw definitive conclusions about the therapeutic potential of itaconate. Here we review how the immune response gene 1-itaconate pathway is activated during infection and its role in host defense and pathogenesis in a context-dependent manner. Certain pathogens can use itaconate to establish infections. Finally, we briefly discuss the major mechanisms by which itaconate family members exert antimicrobial effects. To thoroughly comprehend how itaconate exerts its anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects, additional research on the actual mechanism of action is necessary. This review examines the current state of itaconate research in infection and identifies the key challenges and opportunities for future research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Min Yuk
- Infection Control Convergence Research Center, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Infection Biology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Jin Park
- Infection Control Convergence Research Center, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - In Soo Kim
- Infection Control Convergence Research Center, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Kyeong Jo
- Infection Control Convergence Research Center, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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18
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Zeng YR, Song JB, Wang D, Huang ZX, Zhang C, Sun YP, Shu G, Xiong Y, Guan KL, Ye D, Wang P. The immunometabolite itaconate stimulates OXGR1 to promote mucociliary clearance during the pulmonary innate immune response. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:160463. [PMID: 36919698 PMCID: PMC10014103 DOI: 10.1172/jci160463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathogens and inflammatory conditions rapidly induce the expression of immune-responsive gene 1 (IRG1) in cells of myeloid lineage. IRG1 encodes an aconitate decarboxylase (ACOD1) that produces the immunomodulatory metabolite itaconate (ITA). In addition to rapid intracellular accumulation, ITA is also secreted from the cell, but whether secreted ITA functions as a signaling molecule is unclear. Here, we identified ITA as an orthosteric agonist of the GPCR OXGR1, with an EC50 of approximately 0.3 mM, which was in the same range as the physiological concentration of extracellular ITA upon macrophage activation. ITA activated OXGR1 to induce Ca2+ mobilization, ERK phosphorylation, and endocytosis of the receptor. In a mouse model of pulmonary infection with bacterial Pseudomonas aeruginosa, ITA stimulated Oxgr1-dependent mucus secretion and transport in respiratory epithelium, the primary innate defense mechanism of the airway. Our study thus identifies ITA as a bona fide ligand for OXGR1 and the ITA/OXGR1 paracrine signaling pathway during the pulmonary innate immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Rong Zeng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, and Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine (Ministry of Education), and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism (Ministry of Science and Technology), and Molecular and Cell Biology Lab, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun-Bin Song
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, and Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine (Ministry of Education), and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism (Ministry of Science and Technology), and Molecular and Cell Biology Lab, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dezheng Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, and Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine (Ministry of Education), and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism (Ministry of Science and Technology), and Molecular and Cell Biology Lab, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zi-Xuan Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, and Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine (Ministry of Education), and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism (Ministry of Science and Technology), and Molecular and Cell Biology Lab, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, and Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine (Ministry of Education), and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism (Ministry of Science and Technology), and Molecular and Cell Biology Lab, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Ping Sun
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, and Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine (Ministry of Education), and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism (Ministry of Science and Technology), and Molecular and Cell Biology Lab, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gang Shu
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue Xiong
- Cullgen Inc., San Diego, California, USA
| | - Kun-Liang Guan
- Department of Pharmacology and Moores Cancer Center, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Dan Ye
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, and Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine (Ministry of Education), and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism (Ministry of Science and Technology), and Molecular and Cell Biology Lab, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pu Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, and Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine (Ministry of Education), and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism (Ministry of Science and Technology), and Molecular and Cell Biology Lab, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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19
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Influence of the At-Arrival Host Transcriptome on Bovine Respiratory Disease Incidence during Backgrounding. Vet Sci 2023; 10:vetsci10030211. [PMID: 36977250 PMCID: PMC10053706 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10030211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) remains the leading disease within the U.S. beef cattle industry. Marketing decisions made prior to backgrounding may shift BRD incidence into a different phase of production, and the importance of host gene expression on BRD incidence as it relates to marketing strategy is poorly understood. Our objective was to compare the influence of marketing on host transcriptomes measured on arrival at a backgrounding facility on the subsequent probability of being treated for BRD during a 45-day backgrounding phase. This study, through RNA-Seq analysis of blood samples collected on arrival, evaluated gene expression differences between cattle which experienced a commercial auction setting (AUCTION) versus cattle directly shipped to backgrounding from the cow–calf phase (DIRECT); further analyses were conducted to determine differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between cattle which remained clinically healthy during backgrounding (HEALTHY) versus those that required treatment for clinical BRD within 45 days of arrival (BRD). A profound difference in DEGs (n = 2961) was identified between AUCTION cattle compared to DIRECT cattle, regardless of BRD development; these DEGs encoded for proteins involved in antiviral defense (increased in AUCTION), cell growth regulation (decreased in AUCTION), and inflammatory mediation (decreased in AUCTION). Nine and four DEGs were identified between BRD and HEALTHY cohorts in the AUCTION and DIRECT groups, respectively; DEGs between disease cohorts in the AUCTION group encoded for proteins involved in collagen synthesis and platelet aggregation (increased in HEALTHY). Our work demonstrates the clear influence marketing has on host expression and identified genes and mechanisms which may predict BRD risk.
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20
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Wu Y, Yao Y, Bai H, Shimizu K, Li R, Zhang C. Investigation of pulmonary toxicity evaluation on mice exposed to polystyrene nanoplastics: The potential protective role of the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 855:158851. [PMID: 36155047 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidences show that the hazardous substance atmospheric nanoplastics increase the respiratory risk of individuals, but the inside toxicity mechanisms to lung tissue remain unclear. This study aims at investigating the potential mechanisms of inhaled cationic polystyrene nanoplastics (amine-polystyrene nanoplastics, APS-NPs)-induced pulmonary toxicity on mice. In vivo, the mice intratracheal administrated with APS-NPs suspension (5 mg/kg) were found inflammatory infiltrates in lung tissues through histopathology analysis. Furthermore, transcriptome analysis demonstrated that 1821 differentially expressed mRNA between APS group and control group were dominantly associated with 288 known KEGG pathways, indicating that APS-NPs might cause early inflammatory responses in lung tissue by activating the NLRP3/capase-1/IL-1β signaling pathway. Moreover, in vitro results also showed that NLRP3 inflammasome could be activated to induce pyroptosis in MLE-12 cells after exposure to APS-NPs. And, MH-S cells after exposure to APS-NPs exhibited increased Irg1 proteins, leading to the increasing generation of ROS and inflammatory factors (e.g., tnf-α, il-6, il-1β). In conclusion, these results revealed that Irg1/NF-κB/NLRP3/Caspase-1 signaling pathway was activated significantly after exposing to APS-NPs, leading to pulmonary toxicity on mice. Intriguingly, prior administration of the clinical antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) could serve as a possible candidate for the prevention and treatment of pulmonary toxicity induced by APS-NPs. The study contributes to a better understanding of the potential risks of environmental nanoplastics to humans and its improvement measure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanliang Wu
- Sino-Jan Joint Lab of Natural Health Products Research, School of Traditional Chinese Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Department of Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Traditional Chinese Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yongrong Yao
- Department of Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Traditional Chinese Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hangjia Bai
- Sino-Jan Joint Lab of Natural Health Products Research, School of Traditional Chinese Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Department of Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Traditional Chinese Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Kuniyoshi Shimizu
- Sino-Jan Joint Lab of Natural Health Products Research, School of Traditional Chinese Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Department of Forest and Forest Products Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Renshi Li
- Sino-Jan Joint Lab of Natural Health Products Research, School of Traditional Chinese Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Department of Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Traditional Chinese Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Chaofeng Zhang
- Sino-Jan Joint Lab of Natural Health Products Research, School of Traditional Chinese Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Department of Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Traditional Chinese Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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21
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Shi X, Zhou H, Wei J, Mo W, Li Q, Lv X. The signaling pathways and therapeutic potential of itaconate to alleviate inflammation and oxidative stress in inflammatory diseases. Redox Biol 2022; 58:102553. [PMID: 36459716 PMCID: PMC9713374 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Endogenous small molecules are metabolic regulators of cell function. Itaconate is a key molecule that accumulates in cells when the Krebs cycle is disrupted. Itaconate is derived from cis-aconitate decarboxylation by cis-aconitate decarboxylase (ACOD1) in the mitochondrial matrix and is also known as immune-responsive gene 1 (IRG1). Studies have demonstrated that itaconate plays an important role in regulating signal transduction and posttranslational modification through its immunoregulatory activities. Itaconate is also an important bridge among metabolism, inflammation, oxidative stress, and the immune response. This review summarizes the structural characteristics and classical pathways of itaconate, its derivatives, and the compounds that release itaconate. Here, the mechanisms of itaconate action, including its transcriptional regulation of ATF3/IκBζ axis and type I IFN, its protein modification regulation of KEAP1, inflammasome, JAK1/STAT6 pathway, TET2, and TFEB, and succinate dehydrogenase and glycolytic enzyme metabolic action, are presented. Moreover, the roles of itaconate in diseases related to inflammation and oxidative stress induced by autoimmune responses, viruses, sepsis and IRI are discussed in this review. We hope that the information provided in this review will help increase the understanding of cellular immune metabolism and improve the clinical treatment of diseases related to inflammation and oxidative stress.
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The STING1-MYD88 complex drives ACOD1/IRG1 expression and function in lethal innate immunity. iScience 2022; 25:104561. [PMID: 35769880 PMCID: PMC9234224 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
ACOD1 (also known as IRG1) has emerged as a regulator of immunometabolism that operates by producing metabolite itaconate. Here, we report a key role of STING1 (also known as STING and TMEM173) in mediating ACOD1 expression in myeloid cells in response to toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling. The activation of STING1 through exogenous cyclic dinucleotides (e.g., 3′3′-cGAMP) or endogenous gain-of-function mutation (e.g., V155M) enhances lipopolysaccharide-induced ACOD1 expression and itaconate production in macrophages and monocytes, whereas the deletion of STING1 blocks this process. The adaptor protein MYD88, instead of DNA sensor cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (CGAS), favors STING1-dependent ACOD1 expression. Mechanistically, MYD88 directly blocks autophagic degradation of STING1 and causes subsequent IRF3/JUN-mediated ACOD1 gene transcription. Consequently, the conditional deletion of STING1 in myeloid cells fails to produce ACOD1 and itaconate, thereby protecting mice against endotoxemia and polymicrobial sepsis. Our results, therefore, establish a direct link between TLR4 signaling and ACOD1 expression through the STING1-MYD88 complex during septic shock. The MYD88-STING1 protein complex is required for lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ACOD1 expression The MYD88-STING1 protein complex prevents autophagic degradation of STING1 The IRF3-JUN transcription factor complex favors ACOD1 upregulation STING1-mediated itaconate production promotes experimental sepsis
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Wu R, Kang R, Tang D. Mitochondrial ACOD1/IRG1 in infection and sterile inflammation. JOURNAL OF INTENSIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2:78-88. [PMID: 36789185 PMCID: PMC9924012 DOI: 10.1016/j.jointm.2022.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Immunometabolism is a dynamic process involving the interplay of metabolism and immune response in health and diseases. Increasing evidence suggests that impaired immunometabolism contributes to infectious and inflammatory diseases. In particular, the mitochondrial enzyme aconitate decarboxylase 1 (ACOD1, best known as immunoresponsive gene 1 [IRG1]) is upregulated under various inflammatory conditions and serves as a pivotal regulator of immunometabolism involved in itaconate production, macrophage polarization, inflammasome activation, and oxidative stress. Consequently, the activation of the ACOD1 pathway is implicated in regulating the pathogenic process of sepsis and septic shock, which are part of a clinical syndrome of life-threatening organ failure caused by a dysregulated host response to pathogen infection. In this review, we discuss the latest research advances in ACOD1 expression and function, with particular attention to how the ACOD1-itaconate pathway affects infection and sterile inflammation diseases. These new insights may give us a deeper understanding of the role of immunometabolism in innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runliu Wu
- Department of Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Rui Kang
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Daolin Tang
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA,Corresponding author: Daolin Tang, Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA.
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24
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Jaiswal AK, Yadav J, Makhija S, Mazumder S, Mitra AK, Suryawanshi A, Sandey M, Mishra A. Irg1/itaconate metabolic pathway is a crucial determinant of dendritic cells immune-priming function and contributes to resolute allergen-induced airway inflammation. Mucosal Immunol 2022; 15:301-313. [PMID: 34671116 PMCID: PMC8866123 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-021-00462-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Itaconate is produced from the mitochondrial TCA cycle enzyme aconitase decarboxylase (encoded by immune responsive gene1; Irg1) that exerts immunomodulatory function in myeloid cells. However, the role of the Irg1/itaconate pathway in dendritic cells (DC)-mediated airway inflammation and adaptive immunity to inhaled allergens, which are the primary antigen-presenting cells in allergic asthma, remains largely unknown. House dust mite (HDM)-challenged Irg1-/- mice displayed increases in eosinophilic airway inflammation, mucous cell metaplasia, and Th2 cytokine production with a mechanism involving impaired mite antigen presentations by DC. Adoptive transfer of HDM-pulsed DC from Irg1-deficient mice into naïve WT mice induced a similar phenotype of elevated type 2 airway inflammation and allergic sensitization. Untargeted metabolite analysis of HDM-pulsed DC revealed itaconate as one of the most abundant polar metabolites that potentially suppress mitochondrial oxidative damage. Furthermore, the immunomodulatory effect of itaconate was translated in vivo, where intranasal administration of 4-octyl itaconate 4-OI following antigen priming attenuated the manifestations of HDM-induced airway disease and Th2 immune response. Taken together, these data demonstrated for the first time a direct regulatory role of the Irg1/itaconate pathway in DC for the development of type 2 airway inflammation and suggest a possible therapeutic target in modulating allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Kumar Jaiswal
- grid.252546.20000 0001 2297 8753From the Laboratory of Lung Inflammation, Auburn University, Auburn, AL USA ,grid.252546.20000 0001 2297 8753Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL USA
| | - Jyoti Yadav
- grid.252546.20000 0001 2297 8753From the Laboratory of Lung Inflammation, Auburn University, Auburn, AL USA ,grid.252546.20000 0001 2297 8753Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL USA
| | - Sangeet Makhija
- grid.252546.20000 0001 2297 8753From the Laboratory of Lung Inflammation, Auburn University, Auburn, AL USA ,grid.252546.20000 0001 2297 8753Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL USA
| | - Suman Mazumder
- grid.252546.20000 0001 2297 8753Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Auburn University, Auburn, AL USA ,grid.252546.20000 0001 2297 8753Center for Pharmacogenomics and Single-Cell Omics, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL USA
| | - Amit Kumar Mitra
- grid.252546.20000 0001 2297 8753Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Auburn University, Auburn, AL USA ,grid.252546.20000 0001 2297 8753Center for Pharmacogenomics and Single-Cell Omics, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL USA
| | - Amol Suryawanshi
- grid.252546.20000 0001 2297 8753Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL USA
| | - Maninder Sandey
- grid.252546.20000 0001 2297 8753Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL USA
| | - Amarjit Mishra
- grid.252546.20000 0001 2297 8753From the Laboratory of Lung Inflammation, Auburn University, Auburn, AL USA ,grid.252546.20000 0001 2297 8753Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL USA
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25
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Zhu X, Guo Y, Liu Z, Yang J, Tang H, Wang Y. Itaconic acid exerts anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects via promoting pentose phosphate pathway to produce ROS. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18173. [PMID: 34518559 PMCID: PMC8438069 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97352-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Itaconic acid is produced by immune responsive gene 1 (IRG1)-coded enzyme in activated macrophages and known to play an important role in metabolism and immunity. In this study, mechanism of itaconic acid functioning as an anti-inflammatory metabolite was investigated with molecular biology and immunology techniques, by employing IRG1-null (prepared with CRISPR) and wild-type macrophages. Experimental results showed that itaconic acid significantly promoted the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), which subsequently led to significantly higher NADPH oxidase activity and more reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. ROS production increased the expression of anti-inflammatory gene A20, which in turn decreased the production of inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α. NF-κB, which can up-regulate A20, was also vital in controlling IRG1 and itaconic acid involved immune-modulatory responses in LPS-stimulated macrophage in this study. In addition, itaconic acid inhibited the growth of Salmonella typhimurium in cell through increasing ROS production from NADPH oxidase and the hatching of Schistosoma japonicum eggs in vitro. In short, this study revealed an alternative mechanism by which itaconic acid acts as an anti-inflammatory metabolite and confirmed the inhibition of bacterial pathogens with itaconic acid via ROS in cell. These findings provide the basic knowledge for future biological applications of itaconic acid in anti-inflammation and related pathogens control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Zhongshan Hospital and School of Life Sciences, Laboratory of Metabonomics and Systems Biology, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yangyang Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Zhigang Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Jingyi Yang
- Wuhan Institute of Virology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Huiru Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Zhongshan Hospital and School of Life Sciences, Laboratory of Metabonomics and Systems Biology, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yulan Wang
- Singapore Phenome Center, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 636921, Singapore.
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26
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Demars A, Vitali A, Comein A, Carlier E, Azouz A, Goriely S, Smout J, Flamand V, Van Gysel M, Wouters J, Abendroth J, Edwards TE, Machelart A, Hoffmann E, Brodin P, De Bolle X, Muraille E. Aconitate decarboxylase 1 participates in the control of pulmonary Brucella infection in mice. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009887. [PMID: 34525130 PMCID: PMC8443048 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis is one of the most widespread bacterial zoonoses worldwide. Here, our aim was to identify the effector mechanisms controlling the early stages of intranasal infection with Brucella in C57BL/6 mice. During the first 48 hours of infection, alveolar macrophages (AMs) are the main cells infected in the lungs. Using RNA sequencing, we identified the aconitate decarboxylase 1 gene (Acod1; also known as Immune responsive gene 1), as one of the genes most upregulated in murine AMs in response to B. melitensis infection at 24 hours post-infection. Upregulation of Acod1 was confirmed by RT-qPCR in lungs infected with B. melitensis and B. abortus. We observed that Acod1-/- C57BL/6 mice display a higher bacterial load in their lungs than wild-type (wt) mice following B. melitensis or B. abortus infection, demonstrating that Acod1 participates in the control of pulmonary Brucella infection. The ACOD1 enzyme is mostly produced in mitochondria of macrophages, and converts cis-aconitate, a metabolite in the Krebs cycle, into itaconate. Dimethyl itaconate (DMI), a chemically-modified membrane permeable form of itaconate, has a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on Brucella growth in vitro. Interestingly, structural analysis suggests the binding of itaconate into the binding site of B. abortus isocitrate lyase. DMI does not inhibit multiplication of the isocitrate lyase deletion mutant ΔaceA B. abortus in vitro. Finally, we observed that, unlike the wt strain, the ΔaceA B. abortus strain multiplies similarly in wt and Acod1-/- C57BL/6 mice. These data suggest that bacterial isocitrate lyase might be a target of itaconate in AMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurore Demars
- Unité de Recherche en Biologie des Microorganismes (URBM), NARILIS, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Armelle Vitali
- Unité de Recherche en Biologie des Microorganismes (URBM), NARILIS, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Audrey Comein
- Unité de Recherche en Biologie des Microorganismes (URBM), NARILIS, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Elodie Carlier
- Unité de Recherche en Biologie des Microorganismes (URBM), NARILIS, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Abdulkader Azouz
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Institute for Medical Immunology, and ULB Center for Research in Immunology (U-CRI), Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Stanislas Goriely
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Institute for Medical Immunology, and ULB Center for Research in Immunology (U-CRI), Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Justine Smout
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Institute for Medical Immunology, and ULB Center for Research in Immunology (U-CRI), Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Véronique Flamand
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Institute for Medical Immunology, and ULB Center for Research in Immunology (U-CRI), Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Mégane Van Gysel
- Namur Medicine and Drug Innovation Center (NAMEDIC), Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (Narilis), Department of Chemistry, Laboratoire de Chimie Biologique Structurale (CBS), Namur, Belgium
| | - Johan Wouters
- Namur Medicine and Drug Innovation Center (NAMEDIC), Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (Narilis), Department of Chemistry, Laboratoire de Chimie Biologique Structurale (CBS), Namur, Belgium
| | - Jan Abendroth
- UCB BioSciences, 7869 NE Day Road West Bainbridge Island, WA 98110 USA and Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Thomas E. Edwards
- UCB BioSciences, 7869 NE Day Road West Bainbridge Island, WA 98110 USA and Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Arnaud Machelart
- Université de Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019—UMR 9017—CIIL—Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Eik Hoffmann
- Université de Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019—UMR 9017—CIIL—Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Priscille Brodin
- Université de Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019—UMR 9017—CIIL—Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Xavier De Bolle
- Unité de Recherche en Biologie des Microorganismes (URBM), NARILIS, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Eric Muraille
- Unité de Recherche en Biologie des Microorganismes (URBM), NARILIS, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Laboratoire de Parasitologie, and ULB Center for Research in Immunology (U-CRI), Gosselies, Belgium
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27
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Zhu D, Zhao Y, Luo Y, Qian X, Zhang Z, Jiang G, Guo F. Irg1-itaconate axis protects against acute kidney injury via activation of Nrf2. Am J Transl Res 2021; 13:1155-1169. [PMID: 33841646 PMCID: PMC8014393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common clinical implication with increased tissue damage, uncontrolled immune responses, and risk of mortality, in which ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is one of the leading causes. As critical role for metabolic remodeling in inflammation, Irg1-itaconate axis has received much attention for its immunomodulation in the control of the inflammation. However, its role in the AKI and IRI remains unknown. Here, we found that Irg1 expression was negatively correlated with the expression of inflammatory cytokines during ischemia-reperfusion injury. And Irg1 deficiency promotes renal inflammation and ischemia-reperfusion injury in vivo. Itaconate treatment promoted the survival of WT mice from lethal ischemia and protected against renal IRI and systemic inflammation. Mechanistically, dimethyl itaconate protected renal cells from oxidative stress and prevented macrophage activation by enhancing the translocation of Nrf2 into the nuclei. Our study highlighted the importance of the Irg1-itaconate axis in the protecting against ischemia-reperfusion injury and acute kidney injury, providing potential therapeutic targets to control AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai, PR China
| | - Yuanyu Zhao
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Changzheng Hospital, Navy Medical UniversityShanghai, PR China
| | - Yi Luo
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Changzheng Hospital, Navy Medical UniversityShanghai, PR China
| | - Xiaoqian Qian
- Department of Nephrology, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai, PR China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Linyi People’s HospitalLinyi, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Gengru Jiang
- Department of Nephrology, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai, PR China
| | - Fengfu Guo
- Department of Urology, The Linyi People’s HospitalLinyi, Shandong Province, PR China
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28
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Shilovskiy IP, Yumashev KV, Nikolsky AA, Vishnyakova LI, Khaitov MR. Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Respiratory Syncytial Viral Infection: Using Murine Models to Understand Human Pathology. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2021; 86:290-306. [PMID: 33838630 PMCID: PMC7957450 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297921030068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes severe pathology of the lower respiratory tract in infants, immunocompromised people, and elderly. Despite decades of research, there is no licensed vaccine against RSV, and many therapeutic drugs are still under development. Detailed understanding of molecular and cellular mechanisms of the RSV infection pathology can accelerate the development of efficacious treatment. Current studies on the RSV pathogenesis are based on the analysis of biopsies from the infected patients; however deeper understanding of molecular and cellular mechanisms of the RSV pathology could be achieved using animal models. Mice are the most often used model for RSV infection because they exhibit manifestations similar to those observed in humans (bronchial obstruction, mucous hypersecretion, and pulmonary inflammation mediated by lymphocytes, macrophages, and neutrophils). Additionally, the use of mice is economically feasible, and many molecular tools are available for studying RSV infection pathogenesis at the molecular and cellular levels. This review summarizes new data on the pathogenesis of RSV infection obtained in mouse models, which demonstrated the role of T cells in both the antiviral defense and the development of lung immunopathology. T cells not only eliminate the infected cells, but also produce significant amounts of the proinflammatory cytokines TNFα and IFNγ. Recently, a new subset of tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM) was identified that provide a strong antiviral defense without induction of lung immunopathology. These cells accumulate in the lungs after local rather than systemic administration of RSV antigens, which suggests new approaches to vaccination. The studies in mouse models have revealed a minor role of interferons in the anti-RSV protection, as RSV possesses mechanisms to escape the antiviral action of type I and III interferons, which may explain the low efficacy of interferon-containing drugs. Using knockout mice, a significant breakthrough has been achieved in understanding the role of many pro-inflammatory cytokines in lung immunopathology. It was found that in addition to TNFα and IFNγ, the cytokines IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, IL-17A, IL-33, and TSLP mediate the major manifestations of the RSV pathogenesis, such as bronchial obstruction, mucus hyperproduction, and lung infiltration by pro-inflammatory cells, while IL-6, IL-10, and IL-27 exhibit the anti-inflammatory effect. Despite significant differences between the mouse and human immune systems, mouse models have made a significant contribution to the understanding of molecular and cellular mechanisms of the pathology of human RSV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor P Shilovskiy
- National Research Center, Institute of Immunology, Federal Medico-Biological Agency, Moscow, 115522, Russia.
| | - Kirill V Yumashev
- National Research Center, Institute of Immunology, Federal Medico-Biological Agency, Moscow, 115522, Russia
| | - Alexandr A Nikolsky
- National Research Center, Institute of Immunology, Federal Medico-Biological Agency, Moscow, 115522, Russia
| | - Liudmila I Vishnyakova
- National Research Center, Institute of Immunology, Federal Medico-Biological Agency, Moscow, 115522, Russia
| | - Musa R Khaitov
- National Research Center, Institute of Immunology, Federal Medico-Biological Agency, Moscow, 115522, Russia
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29
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Li Y, Chen X, Zhang H, Xiao J, Yang C, Chen W, Wei Z, Chen X, Liu J. 4-Octyl Itaconate Alleviates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Lung Injury in Mice by Inhibiting Oxidative Stress and Inflammation. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2020; 14:5547-5558. [PMID: 33364751 PMCID: PMC7751705 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s280922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Background Acute lung injury (ALI) is a fatal disease in the absence of pharmacological treatment. Oxidative stress and inflammation are closely related to ALI. Innate immune cells are the main source of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Macrophages play an extremely important role in ALI through the activation of inflammation and oxidative stress. Itaconate, a metabolite of tricarboxylic acid, has been reported to have strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. However, the role of itaconate in ALI is unclear. Herein, we use 4-octyl itaconate (OI), the cellular permeable derivate of itaconate, to study the effects of itaconate in vivo and in vitro. Methods We used OI to pretreat C57BL/6 mice and LPS-induced ALI models to illustrate the role of itaconate in acute lung injury. The mice were randomly divided into four groups: control group, OI (100 mg/kg) group, ALI Group, ALI + OI (50 mg/kg) group, and ALI + OI (100 mg/kg) group. RAW264.7 cells were used to further prove the role and mechanism of itaconate in vitro. Results According to the H&E staining of the lung, OI was observed to significantly reduce lung inflammation. The active oxygen content of tissues was also significantly reduced (P<0.05). OI reduced the accumulation of neutrophils and secretion of inflammatory factors in LPS-induced ALI (P<0.05). At the cellular level, OI also reduced oxidative stress and inflammation. Intervention with OI was also observed to upregulate the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf-2) and Nrf-2 target genes in the lung tissue and RAW264.7 cells. Conclusion OI alleviates LPS-induced ALI. Moreover, the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of OI might depend on the activation of Nrf-2. Therefore, OI might have therapeutic potential for the treatment of ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Xiao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430014, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanlei Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430014, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiqiang Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhanjie Wei
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430014, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinzhong Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinping Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei, People's Republic of China
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30
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Sendra M, Saco A, Rey-Campos M, Novoa B, Figueras A. Immune-responsive gene 1 (IRG1) and dimethyl itaconate are involved in the mussel immune response. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 106:645-655. [PMID: 32798695 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Immune-responsive gene 1 (irg1) is a gene that is well-conserved among different taxa and is highly expressed in the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis at the constitutive level. The expression of this gene increases after a bacterial infection, primarily in haemocytes. irg1 catalyses the production of itaconic acid from cis-aconitic acid in the Krebs cycle. Recently, itaconate has been revealed as an immune metabolite involved in macrophage polarization. In this work, we studied the effects of exogenous dimethyl itaconate (DI) on mussels in vitro and in vivo at relevant previously described endogenous concentrations and in mussels infected with Vibrio splendidus. DI did not have adverse effects on the haemocytes viability, apoptotic cells, proliferation and phagocytic activity; however, haemocyte size, velocity and accumulated distance were decreased. The antibacterial activity of DI in vitro and in vivo was observed with high concentrations of DI, that is, 30 and 50 mM, respectively. Furthermore, DI inhibited total ROS, increased mitochondrial ROS and modulated antioxidant genes, such as SOD and CAT, related to Nrf2 activation. In this research, we have demonstrated some important pathways in haemocytes in which itaconate can be involved after its production in a bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sendra
- Institute of Marine Research (IIM), National Research Council (CSIC), Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208, Vigo, Spain
| | - A Saco
- Institute of Marine Research (IIM), National Research Council (CSIC), Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208, Vigo, Spain
| | - M Rey-Campos
- Institute of Marine Research (IIM), National Research Council (CSIC), Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208, Vigo, Spain
| | - B Novoa
- Institute of Marine Research (IIM), National Research Council (CSIC), Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208, Vigo, Spain.
| | - A Figueras
- Institute of Marine Research (IIM), National Research Council (CSIC), Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208, Vigo, Spain
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31
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Ogger PP, Albers GJ, Hewitt RJ, O'Sullivan BJ, Powell JE, Calamita E, Ghai P, Walker SA, McErlean P, Saunders P, Kingston S, Molyneaux PL, Halket JM, Gray R, Chambers DC, Maher TM, Lloyd CM, Byrne AJ. Itaconate controls the severity of pulmonary fibrosis. Sci Immunol 2020; 5:5/52/eabc1884. [PMID: 33097591 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abc1884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fatal lung disease in which airway macrophages (AMs) play a key role. Itaconate has emerged as a mediator of macrophage function, but its role during fibrosis is unknown. Here, we reveal that itaconate is an endogenous antifibrotic factor in the lung. Itaconate levels are reduced in bronchoalveolar lavage, and itaconate-synthesizing cis-aconitate decarboxylase expression (ACOD1) is reduced in AMs from patients with IPF compared with controls. In the murine bleomycin model of pulmonary fibrosis, Acod1-/- mice develop persistent fibrosis, unlike wild-type (WT) littermates. Profibrotic gene expression is increased in Acod1-/- tissue-resident AMs compared with WT, and adoptive transfer of WT monocyte-recruited AMs rescued mice from disease phenotype. Culture of lung fibroblasts with itaconate decreased proliferation and wound healing capacity, and inhaled itaconate was protective in mice in vivo. Collectively, these data identify itaconate as critical for controlling the severity of lung fibrosis, and targeting this pathway may be a viable therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia P Ogger
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Gesa J Albers
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK.,Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, UK
| | - Richard J Hewitt
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK.,Royal Brompton Hospital, Sydney Street, London SW3 6NP, UK
| | - Brendan J O'Sullivan
- Queensland Lung Transplant Service, Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Joseph E Powell
- Garvan-Weizmann Centre for Cellular Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, Australia.,Cellular Genomics Futures Institute, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Sydney, Australia
| | - Emily Calamita
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Poonam Ghai
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Simone A Walker
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Peter McErlean
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Peter Saunders
- Royal Brompton Hospital, Sydney Street, London SW3 6NP, UK
| | - Shaun Kingston
- Royal Brompton Hospital, Sydney Street, London SW3 6NP, UK
| | - Philip L Molyneaux
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK.,Royal Brompton Hospital, Sydney Street, London SW3 6NP, UK
| | - John M Halket
- Mass Spectrometry Facility King's College London, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Robert Gray
- Mass Spectrometry Facility King's College London, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Daniel C Chambers
- Queensland Lung Transplant Service, Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Toby M Maher
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK.,Royal Brompton Hospital, Sydney Street, London SW3 6NP, UK.,Hastings Centre for Pulmonary Research and Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Clare M Lloyd
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK.,Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, UK
| | - Adam J Byrne
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK. .,Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, UK
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32
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Yi Z, Deng M, Scott MJ, Fu G, Loughran PA, Lei Z, Li S, Sun P, Yang C, Li W, Xu H, Huang F, Billiar TR. Immune-Responsive Gene 1/Itaconate Activates Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 in Hepatocytes to Protect Against Liver Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Hepatology 2020; 72:1394-1411. [PMID: 31997373 PMCID: PMC7702080 DOI: 10.1002/hep.31147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Itaconate, a metabolite of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, plays anti-inflammatory roles in macrophages during endotoxemia. The mechanisms underlying its anti-inflammatory roles have been shown to be mediated by the modulation of oxidative stress, an important mechanism of hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. However, the role of itaconate in liver I/R injury is unknown. APPROACH AND RESULTS We found that deletion of immune-responsive gene 1 (IRG1), encoding for the enzyme producing itaconate, exacerbated liver injury and systemic inflammation. Furthermore, bone marrow adoptive transfer experiments indicated that deletion of IRG1 in both hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic compartments contributes to the protection mediated by IRG1 after I/R. Interestingly, the expression of IRG1 was up-regulated in hepatocytes after I/R and hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced oxidative stress. Modulation of the IRG1 expression levels in hepatocytes regulated hepatocyte cell death. Importantly, addition of 4-octyl itaconate significantly improved liver injury and hepatocyte cell death after I/R. Furthermore, our data indicated that nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is required for the protective effect of IRG1 on mouse and human hepatocytes against oxidative stress-induced injury. Our studies document the important role of IRG1 in the acute setting of sterile injury induced by I/R. Specifically, we provide evidence that the IRG1/itaconate pathway activates Nrf2-mediated antioxidative response in hepatocytes to protect liver from I/R injury. CONCLUSIONS Our data expand on the importance of IRG1/itaconate in nonimmune cells and identify itaconate as a potential therapeutic strategy for this unfavorable postsurgical complication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongjie Yi
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryThe Third Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina,Department of SurgeryUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPA
| | - Meihong Deng
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPA
| | - Melanie J. Scott
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPA,Pittsburgh Liver Research CenterUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPA
| | - Guang Fu
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryThe Third Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina,Department of SurgeryUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPA
| | - Patricia A. Loughran
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPA,Center for Biological ImagingUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPA
| | - Zhao Lei
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryThe Third Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina,Department of SurgeryUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPA
| | - Shilai Li
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPA,Department of EmergencyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanningChina
| | - Ping Sun
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPA,Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryUnion HospitalHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Chenxuan Yang
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPA,School of MedicineStudent at Tsinghua UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Wenbo Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryThe Third Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina,Department of SurgeryUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPA
| | - Hongbo Xu
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPA
| | - Feizhou Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryThe Third Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
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Geller A, Yan J. Could the Induction of Trained Immunity by β-Glucan Serve as a Defense Against COVID-19? Front Immunol 2020; 11:1782. [PMID: 32760409 PMCID: PMC7372085 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
As the SARS-CoV-2 virus wreaks havoc on the populations, health care infrastructures and economies of nations around the world, finding ways to protect health care workers and bolster immune responses in the general population while we await an effective vaccine will be the difference between life and death for many people. Recent studies show that innate immune populations may possess a form of memory, termed Trained Immunity (TRIM), where innate immune cells undergo metabolic, mitochondrial, and epigenetic reprogramming following exposure to an initial stimulus that results in a memory phenotype of enhanced immune responses when exposed to a secondary, heterologous, stimulus. Throughout the literature, it has been shown that the induction of TRIM using such inducers as the BCG vaccine and β-glucan can provide protection through altered immune responses against a range of viral infections. Here we hypothesize a potential role for β-glucan in decreasing worldwide morbidity and mortality due to COVID-19, and posit several ideas as to how TRIM may actually shape the observed epidemiological phenomena related to COVID-19. We also evaluate the potential effects of β-glucan in relation to the immune dysregulation and cytokine storm observed in COVID-19. Ultimately, we hypothesize that the use of oral β-glucan in a prophylactic setting could be an effective way to boost immune responses and abrogate symptoms in COVID-19, though clinical trials are necessary to confirm the efficacy of this treatment and to further examine differential effects of β-glucan's from various sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Geller
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States
- Immuno-Oncology Program, Division of Immunotherapy, Department of Surgery, The James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Jun Yan
- Immuno-Oncology Program, Division of Immunotherapy, Department of Surgery, The James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States
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34
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Wu R, Chen F, Wang N, Tang D, Kang R. ACOD1 in immunometabolism and disease. Cell Mol Immunol 2020; 17:822-833. [PMID: 32601305 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-020-0489-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunometabolism plays a fundamental role in health and diseases and involves multiple genes and signals. Aconitate decarboxylase 1 (ACOD1; also known as IRG1) is emerging as a regulator of immunometabolism in inflammation and infection. Upregulation of ACOD1 expression occurs in activated immune cells (e.g., macrophages and monocytes) in response to pathogen infection (e.g., bacteria and viruses), pathogen-associated molecular pattern molecules (e.g., LPS), cytokines (e.g., TNF and IFNs), and damage-associated molecular patterns (e.g., monosodium urate). Mechanistically, several immune receptors (e.g., TLRs and IFNAR), adapter proteins (e.g., MYD88), ubiquitin ligases (e.g., A20), and transcription factors (e.g., NF-κB, IRFs, and STATs) form complex signal transduction networks to control ACOD1 expression in a context-dependent manner. Functionally, ACOD1 mediates itaconate production, oxidative stress, and antigen processing and plays dual roles in immunity and diseases. On the one hand, activation of the ACOD1 pathway may limit pathogen infection and promote embryo implantation. On the other hand, abnormal ACOD1 expression can lead to tumor progression, neurodegenerative disease, and immune paralysis. Further understanding of the function and regulation of ACOD1 is important for the application of ACOD1-based therapeutic strategies in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runliu Wu
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Nian Wang
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Daolin Tang
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
| | - Rui Kang
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
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35
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Qin W, Zhang Y, Tang H, Liu D, Chen Y, Liu Y, Wang C. Chemoproteomic Profiling of Itaconation by Bioorthogonal Probes in Inflammatory Macrophages. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:10894-10898. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b11962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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36
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Lim R, Lappas M. Role of IRG1 in Regulating Pro-inflammatory and Pro-labor Mediators in Human Myometrium. Reprod Sci 2020; 27:61-74. [PMID: 32046417 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-019-00133-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Preterm birth is a major contributor to neonatal deaths and associated long-term morbidities for the survivors, yet therapies remain elusive, given our incomplete understanding of the mechanisms driving human labor and delivery. Human labor is an inflammatory process, and we investigated whether IRG1 (immunoresponsive gene-1) plays a role in these processes. We demonstrate that IRG1 mRNA and protein expression is significantly increased in myometrium with human term labor, compared to no labor samples, and with preterm (LPS) labor in a mouse model. Pro-labor mediators such as pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF and IL1B, and TLR ligands fsl-1, flagellin, LPS, and poly(I:C) also increased IRG1 mRNA expression in myometrial explants. IRG1 silencing, using siRNA in primary myometrial cells, displayed a decrease in the expression of inflammation-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL1A, IL6), chemokines (CCL2, CXCL1, CXCL8), adhesion molecules (ICAM1, VCAM1), and contractility (PTGFR mRNA expression, prostaglandin F2α release, and in situ gel contraction assay). Our results suggest that IRG1 is involved when pro-labor mediators activate the inflammatory processes of human labor, warranting further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratana Lim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.,Mercy Perinatal Research Centre, Mercy Hospital for Women, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia
| | - Martha Lappas
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia. .,Mercy Perinatal Research Centre, Mercy Hospital for Women, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia.
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37
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Blaskovic S, Donati Y, Zanetti F, Ruchonnet-Métrailler I, Lemeille S, Cremona TP, Schittny JC, Barazzone-Argiroffo C. Gestation and lactation exposure to nicotine induces transient postnatal changes in lung alveolar development. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2020; 318:L606-L618. [PMID: 31967849 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00228.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Harmful consequences of cigarette smoke (CS) exposure during lung development can already manifest in infancy. In particular, early life exposure to nicotine, the main component of CS, was shown to affect lung development in animal models. We aimed to characterize the effect of nicotine on alveoli formation. We analyzed the kinetics of normal alveolar development during the alveolarization phase and then looked at the effect of nicotine in a mouse model of gestational and early life exposure. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that the wave of cell proliferation [i.e., vascular endothelial cells, alveolar epithelial cells (AEC) type II and mesenchymal cell] occurs at postnatal day (pnd) 8 in control and nicotine-exposed lungs. However, FACS analysis of individual epithelial alveolar cells revealed nicotine-induced transient increase of AEC type I proliferation and decrease of vascular endothelial cell proliferation at pnd8. Furthermore, nicotine increased the percentage of endothelial cells at pnd2. Transcriptomic data also showed significant changes in nicotine samples compared with the controls on cell cycle-associated genes at pnd2 but not anymore at pnd16. Accordingly, the expression of survivin, involved in cell cycle regulation, also follows a different kinetics in nicotine lung extracts. These changes resulted in an increased lung size detected by stereology at pnd16 but no longer in adult age, suggesting that nicotine can act on the pace of lung maturation. Taken together, our results indicate that early life nicotine exposure could be harmful to alveolar development independently from other toxicants contained in CS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanja Blaskovic
- Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology, and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Yves Donati
- Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology, and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Filippo Zanetti
- Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology, and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Isabelle Ruchonnet-Métrailler
- Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology, and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sylvain Lemeille
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Tiziana P Cremona
- Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Constance Barazzone-Argiroffo
- Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology, and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland
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38
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Weiss JM. The promise and peril of targeting cell metabolism for cancer therapy. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2019; 69:255-261. [PMID: 31781842 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-019-02432-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A major challenge of cancer immunotherapy is the potential for undesirable effects on bystander cells and tumor-associated immune cells. Fundamentally, we need to understand what effect targeting tumor metabolism has upon the metabolism and phenotype of tumor-associated leukocytes, whose function can be critical for effective cancer therapeutic strategies. Undesirable effects of cancer therapeutics are a major reason for drug-associated toxicity, which confounds drug dosing and efficacy. As with any chemotherapeutic agent, drugs targeting tumor metabolism will exert potent effects on host stromal cells and tumor-associated leukocytes. Any drug targeting glycolysis, for example, could metabolically starve tumor-infiltrating T cells, inhibit their effector function and enable tumor progression. The targeting of oxidative phosphorylation in tumors will have complex effects on the polarization and function of tumor-associated macrophages. In short, we need to improve our understanding of tumor and immune cell metabolism and devise ways to specifically target tumors without compromising necessary host metabolism. Exploiting cell-specific metabolic pathways to directly target tumor cells may minimize detrimental effects on tumor-associated leukocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Weiss
- National Cancer Institute, 1050 Boyles Street, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA.
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39
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Weiss JM, Davies LC, Karwan M, Ileva L, Ozaki MK, Cheng RY, Ridnour LA, Annunziata CM, Wink DA, McVicar DW. Itaconic acid mediates crosstalk between macrophage metabolism and peritoneal tumors. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:3794-3805. [PMID: 29920191 PMCID: PMC6118601 DOI: 10.1172/jci99169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Control of cellular metabolism is critical for efficient cell function, although little is known about the interplay between cell subset–specific metabolites in situ, especially in the tumor setting. Here, we determined how a macrophage-specific (Mϕ-specific) metabolite, itaconic acid, can regulate tumor progression in the peritoneum. We show that peritoneal tumors (B16 melanoma or ID8 ovarian carcinoma) elicited a fatty acid oxidation–mediated increase in oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and glycolysis in peritoneal tissue–resident macrophages (pResMϕ). Unbiased metabolomics identified itaconic acid, the product of immune-responsive gene 1–mediated (Irg1-mediated) catabolism of mitochondrial cis-aconitate, among the most highly upregulated metabolites in pResMϕ of tumor-bearing mice. Administration of lentivirally encoded Irg1 shRNA significantly reduced peritoneal tumors. This resulted in reductions in OXPHOS and OXPHOS-driven production of ROS in pResMϕ and ROS-mediated MAPK activation in tumor cells. Our findings demonstrate that tumors profoundly alter pResMϕ metabolism, leading to the production of itaconic acid, which potentiates tumor growth. Monocytes isolated from ovarian carcinoma patients’ ascites fluid expressed significantly elevated levels of IRG1. Therefore, IRG1 in pResMϕ represents a potential therapeutic target for peritoneal tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Weiss
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI) at Frederick, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Luke C Davies
- Cardiff University, Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Megan Karwan
- Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Lilia Ileva
- Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Michelle K Ozaki
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), NCI, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Robert Ys Cheng
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI) at Frederick, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Lisa A Ridnour
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI) at Frederick, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Christina M Annunziata
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), NCI, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - David A Wink
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI) at Frederick, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Daniel W McVicar
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI) at Frederick, Frederick, Maryland, USA
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40
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Redox Biology of Respiratory Viral Infections. Viruses 2018; 10:v10080392. [PMID: 30049972 PMCID: PMC6115776 DOI: 10.3390/v10080392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory viruses cause infections of the upper or lower respiratory tract and they are responsible for the common cold—the most prevalent disease in the world. In many cases the common cold results in severe illness due to complications, such as fever or pneumonia. Children, old people, and immunosuppressed patients are at the highest risk and require fast diagnosis and therapeutic intervention. However, the availability and efficiencies of existing therapeutic approaches vary depending on the virus. Investigation of the pathologies that are associated with infection by respiratory viruses will be paramount for diagnosis, treatment modalities, and the development of new therapies. Changes in redox homeostasis in infected cells are one of the key events that is linked to infection with respiratory viruses and linked to inflammation and subsequent tissue damage. Our review summarizes current knowledge on changes to redox homeostasis, as induced by the different respiratory viruses.
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Van Quickelberghe E, Martens A, Goeminne LJE, Clement L, van Loo G, Gevaert K. Identification of Immune-Responsive Gene 1 (IRG1) as a Target of A20. J Proteome Res 2018; 17:2182-2191. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.8b00139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Arne Martens
- VIB-UGent Center
for Inflammation Research, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | | | | | - Geert van Loo
- VIB-UGent Center
for Inflammation Research, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kris Gevaert
- VIB-UGent Center
for Medical Biotechnology, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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42
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Zhao L, Qi L, Li C, Li L, Jin L, Yuan J. SVCV impairs mitochondria complex Ⅲ resulting in accumulation of hydrogen peroxide. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 75:58-65. [PMID: 29410243 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.01.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Spring viraemia of carp virus (SVCV) is a deadly pathogen of common carp. SVCV infection is found to be associated with excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and induces oxidative stress in EPC and FHM cells, which contributes to its pathogenesis. In this study, ROS production and mitochondria function as well as antioxidant enzymes in mitochondria were investigated during SVCV infection in EPC cells. Dysfunction of mitochondria and inactivation of mitochondria electron transport chain complex Ⅲ to augment O2-∙ and H2O2 accumulation were observed in SVCV infected EPC cells. Treatment of Antimycin A reduced the activity of mitochondria complex Ⅲ in EPC cells, which also inhibited the transcription of SVCV glycoprotein gene (SVCV-G) and production of SVCV. Our studies explain the production of ROS following SVCV infection and also suggest that integrate mitochondrial function is important for SVCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lutan Zhao
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Qi
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Cong Li
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijuan Li
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China; Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Jin
- Department of Biomedicine Science, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97330, USA
| | - Junfa Yuan
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China; Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China; Hubei Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China.
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43
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Hall CJ, Sanderson LE, Lawrence LM, Pool B, van der Kroef M, Ashimbayeva E, Britto D, Harper JL, Lieschke GJ, Astin JW, Crosier KE, Dalbeth N, Crosier PS. Blocking fatty acid-fueled mROS production within macrophages alleviates acute gouty inflammation. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:1752-1771. [PMID: 29584621 DOI: 10.1172/jci94584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Gout is the most common inflammatory arthritis affecting men. Acute gouty inflammation is triggered by monosodium urate (MSU) crystal deposition in and around joints that activates macrophages into a proinflammatory state, resulting in neutrophil recruitment. A complete understanding of how MSU crystals activate macrophages in vivo has been difficult because of limitations of live imaging this process in traditional animal models. By live imaging the macrophage and neutrophil response to MSU crystals within an intact host (larval zebrafish), we reveal that macrophage activation requires mitochondrial ROS (mROS) generated through fatty acid oxidation. This mitochondrial source of ROS contributes to NF-κB-driven production of IL-1β and TNF-α, which promote neutrophil recruitment. We demonstrate the therapeutic utility of this discovery by showing that this mechanism is conserved in human macrophages and, via pharmacologic blockade, that it contributes to neutrophil recruitment in a mouse model of acute gouty inflammation. To our knowledge, this study is the first to uncover an immunometabolic mechanism of macrophage activation that operates during acute gouty inflammation. Targeting this pathway holds promise in the management of gout and, potentially, other macrophage-driven diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Bregina Pool
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | | | | | - Jacquie L Harper
- Malaghan Institute for Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Graham J Lieschke
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | | | | | - Nicola Dalbeth
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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44
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Almeida GMDF, Silva LCF, Colson P, Abrahao JS. Mimiviruses and the Human Interferon System: Viral Evasion of Classical Antiviral Activities, But Inhibition By a Novel Interferon-β Regulated Immunomodulatory Pathway. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2018; 37:1-8. [PMID: 28079476 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2016.0097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review we discuss the role of mimiviruses as potential human pathogens focusing on clinical and evolutionary evidence. We also propose a novel antiviral immunomodulatory pathway controlled by interferon-β (IFN-β) and mediated by immune-responsive gene 1 (IRG1) and itaconic acid, its product. Acanthamoeba polyphaga Mimivirus (APMV) was isolated from amoebae in a hospital while investigating a pneumonia outbreak. Mimivirus ubiquity and role as protist pathogens are well understood, and its putative status as a human pathogen has been gaining strength as more evidence is being found. The study of APMV and human cells interaction revealed that the virus is able to evade the IFN system by inhibiting the regulation of interferon-stimulated genes, suggesting that the virus and humans have had host-pathogen interactions. It also has shown that the virus is capable of growing on IFN-α2, but not on IFN-β-treated cells, hinting at an exclusive IFN-β antiviral pathway. Our hypothesis based on preliminary data and published articles is that IFN-β preferentially upregulates IRG1 in human macrophagic cells, which in turn produces itaconic acid. This metabolite links metabolism to antiviral activity by inactivating the virus, in a novel immunomodulatory pathway relevant for APMV infections and probably to other infectious diseases as well.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lorena C Ferreira Silva
- 2 Laboratorio de Virus, Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Philippe Colson
- 3 Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), Aix-Marseille Universite Faculté de Médecine , Marseille, France
| | - Jonatas Santos Abrahao
- 2 Laboratorio de Virus, Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte, Brazil .,3 Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), Aix-Marseille Universite Faculté de Médecine , Marseille, France
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45
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Xu J, Jiang Y, Wan L, Wang Q, Huang Z, Liu Y, Wu Y, Chen Z, Liu X. Feeding recombinant E. coli with GST-mBmKTX fusion protein increases the fecundity and lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans. Peptides 2017; 89:1-8. [PMID: 28088444 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Scorpion venom could be a useful treatment for a variety of diseases, such as cancer, epilepsy and analgesia. BmKTX is a polypeptide extracts from scorpion venom (PESV), which have attracted much attention from researchers in recent years. mBmKTX is a mutant polypeptide according to the amino acid sequence of BmKTX. We expressed it with the vector pGEX-4T-1 in Escherichia coli, and Caenorhabditis elegans were used as the animal model and fed with the strains. In this study, the expression of pGEX-mBmKTX was analyzed by SDS-PAGE, and GST-mBmKTX purified from pGEX-mBmKTX as a glutathione S-transferase (GST)-tagged fusion protein is approximately 30kDa. The secondary structure prediction shows that mBmKTX is mainly composed of approximately 13% β-sheet and 86% loop. A food clearance assay and brood size assay indicated that the worms fed pGEX-mBmKTX ate more and had greater fecundity than those fed the empty vector. A lifespan analysis demonstrated that mBmKTX could significantly prolong the lifespan of C. elegans, with an increase of 22.5% compared with the control. Behavioral assays confirmed that mBmKTX had no influence on the locomotion of C. elegans. In addition, microarray analysis and quantitative real-time PCR demonstrated that there are 320 differentially expressed genes, 182 of which are related to reproduction, growth and lifespan. In conclusion, the data suggested that mBmKTX has potential utility for increasing fecundity and animal survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xu
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yajie Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Lu Wan
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Zebo Huang
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drug Candidates, School of Biosciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yongmei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yingliang Wu
- School of Life Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Zongyun Chen
- School of Life Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.
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46
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Shi H, Ren K, Lv B, Zhang W, Zhao Y, Tan RX, Li E. Baicalin from Scutellaria baicalensis blocks respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection and reduces inflammatory cell infiltration and lung injury in mice. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35851. [PMID: 27767097 PMCID: PMC5073294 DOI: 10.1038/srep35851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The roots of Scutellaria baicalensis has been used as a remedy for inflammatory and infective diseases for thousands of years. We evaluated the antiviral activity against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection, the leading cause of childhood infection and hospitalization. By fractionation and chromatographic analysis, we determined that baicalin was responsible for the antiviral activity of S. baicalensis against RSV infection. The concentration for 50% inhibition (IC50) of RSV infection was determined at 19.9 ± 1.8 μM, while the 50% cytotoxic concentration (CC50) was measured at 370 ± 10 μM. We then used a mouse model of RSV infection to further demonstrate baicalin antiviral effect. RSV infection caused significant lung injury and proinflammatory response, including CD4 and CD8 T lymphocyte infiltration. Baicalin treatment resulted in reduction of T lymphocyte infiltration and gene expression of proinflammatory factors, while the treatment moderately reduced RSV titers recovered from the lung tissues. T lymphocyte infiltration and cytotoxic T lymphocyte modulated tissue damage has been identified critical factors of RSV disease. The study therefore demonstrates that baicalin subjugates RSV disease through antiviral and anti-inflammatory effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengfei Shi
- Medical School and State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ke Ren
- Medical School and State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Baojie Lv
- Medical School and State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Medical School and State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ren Xiang Tan
- Medical School and State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Erguang Li
- Medical School and State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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47
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Luan HH, Medzhitov R. Food Fight: Role of Itaconate and Other Metabolites in Antimicrobial Defense. Cell Metab 2016; 24:379-387. [PMID: 27626199 PMCID: PMC5024735 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2016.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Itaconate is a newly discovered mammalian metabolite bearing significant implications for our understanding of cellular immunometabolism and antimicrobial defense. Here, we explore recent findings regarding the role of itaconate in the innate immune response and highlight the emerging principle that metabolites can have distinct immunological functions independent of bioenergetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harding H Luan
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Ruslan Medzhitov
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
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