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Ortega A, Cushing CC. Design of a Temporally Augmented Text Messaging Bot to Improve Adolescents' Physical Activity and Engagement: Proof-of-Concept Study. JMIR Form Res 2024; 8:e60171. [PMID: 39388222 DOI: 10.2196/60171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 10/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Digital interventions hold promise for improving physical activity in adolescents. However, a lack of empirical decision points (eg, timing of intervention prompts) is an evidence gap in the optimization of digital physical activity interventions. OBJECTIVE The study examined the feasibility and acceptability, as well as the technical and functional reliability, of and participant engagement with a digital intervention that aligned its decision points to occur during times when adolescents typically exercise. This study also explored the impact of the intervention on adolescents' moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) levels. Consistent with the Obesity-Related Behavioral Interventions Trials (ORBIT) model, the primary goal of the study was to identify opportunities to refine the intervention for preparation for future trials. METHODS Ten adolescents completed a 7-day baseline monitoring period and Temporally Augmented Goal Setting (TAGS), a 20-day digital physical activity intervention that included a midday self-monitoring message that occurred when adolescents typically start to exercise (3 PM). Participants wore an accelerometer to measure their MVPA during the intervention. Participants completed questionnaires about the acceptability of the platform. Rates of recruitment and attrition (feasibility), user and technological errors (reliability), and engagement (average number of text message responses to the midday self-monitoring message) were calculated. The investigation team performed multilevel models to explore the effect of TAGS on MVPA levels from preintervention to intervention. In addition, as exploratory analyses, participants were matched to adolescents who previously completed a similar intervention, Network Underwritten Dynamic Goals Engine (NUDGE), without the midday self-monitoring message, to explore differences in MVPA between interventions. RESULTS The TAGS intervention was mostly feasible, acceptable, and technically and functionally reliable. Adolescents showed adequate levels of engagement. Preintervention to intervention changes in MVPA were small (approximately a 2-minute change). Exploratory analyses revealed no greater benefit of TAGS on MVPA compared with NUDGE. CONCLUSIONS TAGS shows promise for future trials with additional refinements given its feasibility, acceptability, technical and functional reliability, participants' rates of engagement, and the relative MVPA improvements. Opportunities to strengthen TAGS include reducing the burden of wearing devices and incorporating of other strategies at the 3 PM decision point. Further optimization of TAGS will inform the design of a Just-in-Time Adaptive Intervention for adolescent physical activity and prepare the intervention for more rigorous testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Ortega
- Center for Behavior Intervention Technologies, Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Christopher C Cushing
- Clinical Child Psychology Program, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
- Schiefelbusch Institute for Life Span Studies, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
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Castillo-García A, Valenzuela PL, Saco-Ledo G, Carrera-Bastos P, Ruilope LM, Santos-Lozano A, Lucia A. Lifestyle and cardiovascular risk in working young adults: insights from a nationwide Spanish cohort. REVISTA ESPANOLA DE CARDIOLOGIA (ENGLISH ED.) 2024; 77:821-831. [PMID: 38423178 DOI: 10.1016/j.rec.2024.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES This study aimed to describe the cardiovascular risk profile of working young adults from Spain and its association with lifestyle. METHODS Participants (18-30 years) were recruited from a nationwide cohort of economically active adults insured by a large occupational risk prevention company, with data obtained from routine medical assessments. The participants were categorized as having an "unhealthy" cardiovascular risk profile based on the presence of prediabetes/diabetes, prehypertension/hypertension, or hypercholesterolemia, or a "healthy" profile if these conditions were completely absent. The association with lifestyle factors (weight, physical activity, sleeping characteristics, alcohol consumption, smoking) was assessed. RESULTS A total of 78 421 young adults (27±2 years, 36% female) were evaluated at baseline. The "unhealthy" cardiovascular risk profile was prevalent (18%) and inversely associated (OR, 0.64; 95%CI, 0.57-0.80) with an optimal lifestyle (normal weight, regular physical activity, no drinking/smoking, and good sleep). The latter condition was found in only 3.5% of the participants. On the other hand, prospective analyses in 44 776 participants (median follow-up=2 [range 2-5] years) showed that 2.0% transitioned from a "healthy" to an "unhealthy" profile. Being physically active (OR, 0.95; 95%CI, 0.81-0.99) and having a normal weight (OR, 0.61; 95%CI, 0.51-0.70) were associated with a lower likelihood of this transition. No consistent associations were found for other lifestyle factors. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors is high in economically active young Spanish adults. An unhealthy cardiovascular risk profile is inversely associated with an optimal lifestyle, but the latter is highly infrequent in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Castillo-García
- Departamento de Biología de Sistemas, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain. https://twitter.com/@adrian_science
| | - Pedro L Valenzuela
- Departamento de Biología de Sistemas, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; Physical Activity and Health Research Group (PaHerg), Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Gonzalo Saco-Ledo
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro Carrera-Bastos
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Centre for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Luis M Ruilope
- Grupo de Investigación Traslacional en Hipertensión y Enfermedad Cardiorrenal, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Santos-Lozano
- Physical Activity and Health Research Group (PaHerg), Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain; i+HeALTH Strategic Research Group, Universidad Europea Miguel de Cervantes, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Lucia
- Physical Activity and Health Research Group (PaHerg), Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain; Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Faust AM, Auerbeck A, Lee AM, Kim I, Conroy DE. Passive sensing of smartphone use, physical activity and sedentary behavior among adolescents and young adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Behav Med 2024; 47:770-781. [PMID: 38824462 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-024-00499-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
The research that links excessive screen time to adverse health outcomes is based on self-reported screen use. Few studies have documented how passively-sensed smartphone and app use relate to health behaviors like activity and sitting. Furthermore, they have not considered that daily fluctuations in smartphone/app use may have different relationships to these behaviors than a person's usual smartphone/app use. This study evaluated whether physical activity or sedentary (sitting) behavior are associated with either smartphone screen time or specific smartphone app use by adolescents and young adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. Adolescents and young adults aged 13-29 years wore activPAL4 micro activity monitors while their smartphones logged daily screen time and app use durations for nine days. Data were collected in 2020-2021 and analyzed in 2022-2023. Participants (N = 125) had a mean (SD) age of 19.7 (4.3) years. Participants' usual smartphone screen time was negatively associated with daily step counts. Daily deviations in smartphone screen time were negatively associated with daily step counts and moderate-vigorous physical activity durations. Time spent on Instagram, YouTube and, to a lesser extent, TikTok were linked with reduced activity levels. Daily sedentary behavior was not associated with usual or daily screen time. Interventions to promote physical activity during the transition into adulthood may benefit from limiting excessive smartphone screen time. Specific intervention targets could include limiting use of apps with infinite scrolling feeds algorithmically tuned to maintain user engagement, such as Instagram, YouTube and TikTok.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail M Faust
- Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Alexandria Auerbeck
- Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Alexandra M Lee
- Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Ian Kim
- Department of Population & Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David E Conroy
- Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
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Racine EF, Ademu LO, Dahl AA, Fandetti SM, Schulkind L. The impact of fast-food energy posting on college students' food purchases. Am J Clin Nutr 2024:S0002-9165(24)00738-X. [PMID: 39284452 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Revised: 09/05/2024] [Accepted: 09/11/2024] [Indexed: 10/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Patient Protection US Affordable Care Act (ACA) energy posting mandate requires restaurant chains to disclose information on the energy content of their food items. Assessments of the effect of menu energy labeling on dietary choices have reported inconsistent findings. OBJECTIVES This study examined the impact of menu energy labeling on food items purchased by college students after the mandate was enacted nationally. METHODS Student food sales data from purchases made at 3 fast-food restaurants during the 2017/2018 and 2018/2019 academic years at a university campus were used for the analysis. The total sample included 1662 students on the university meal plan; these students generated 145,295 food transactions at the restaurants over the study period. We utilized a difference-in-differences (DiD) empirical strategy, comparing changes in transaction-level energy purchases at 2 fast-food restaurants B and C (FFRB and FFRC - treatment groups) that posted energy information in the summer of 2018 with another fast-food restaurant A (FFRA - control group) that began posting energy information before the study period. RESULTS We observed increases in the mean energy content per transaction after implementing the menu-labeling policy. The DiD estimates found an increase of 20.6 in the mean calories of energy purchased per transaction at the treatment restaurants relative to the control restaurant. In the subgroup analyses, the DiD estimates indicated calories of energy increased: 18.7 for female students, 20.5 for male students, 23.5 for non-Hispanic Black students, 30.2 for students eligible for federal financial aid, and 19.9 for students not eligible for federal financial aid. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that the ACA energy menu-labeling policy led to an increase in the energy content per transaction by students at a public university. This paper highlights the need for more research to better understand the determinants of food choice among college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth F Racine
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research Center at El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States; Department of Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States.
| | - Lilian O Ademu
- Institute for Advancing Health Through Agriculture, Texas A&M AgriLife Research Center at El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Alicia Anne Dahl
- Department of Epidemiology and Community Health, College of Health and Human Services, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, United States
| | - Stacy M Fandetti
- Department of Epidemiology and Community Health, College of Health and Human Services, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, United States
| | - Lisa Schulkind
- Department of Economics, Belk of College of Business, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, United States
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Legrand K, Manneville F, Langlois J, Böhme P, Dosda A, Beguinet M, Briançon S, Spitz E, Lecomte E, Omorou AY. Ten-year postintervention follow-up of adolescents participating in the management of overweight and social inequalities (PRALIMAP-INÈS intervention): the PRALIMAP-CINeCO survey protocol. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e083090. [PMID: 39266314 PMCID: PMC11404294 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-083090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The short-term effectiveness of the PRomotion de l'ALIMentation et de l'Activité Physique-INÈgalités de Santé' (PRALIMAP-INÈS) intervention to reduce social inequalities in overweight and obesity management among adolescents between 2012 and 2015 was demonstrated. This longitudinal mixed-methods study is a 10-year postintervention follow-up of the PRALIMAP-INÈS intervention with the aim of investigating social, economic, educational and health (especially weight) trajectories from adolescence to young adulthood. METHODS AND ANALYSIS Among adolescents enrolled in PRALIMAP-INÈS (n=1419), we estimate the number of participants to be 852. Adolescents who were included in the PRALIMAP-INÈS intervention will be contacted 10 years later and invited to participate in a follow-up visit. Participants will self-report their sociodemographic characteristics, body image perceptions, overweight/obesity care pathway, lifestyle and dietary behaviours and attitudes, psychological health and experience of the PRALIMAP-INÈS intervention. A check-up visit will be scheduled by a clinical research nurse to record waist circumference and weight and height for body mass index calculation and to construct the healthcare pathway from adolescence to young adulthood. 40 participants will be invited to participate in a semistructured interview conducted by a sociologist to deepen the understanding of trajectories regarding social aspects that are likely to influence health behaviours in participants. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The PRALIMAP-CINeCO trial was approved by French Persons Protection Committee (no. 2021-A00949-32) and a conformity declaration was made with French National Commission for Data Protection and Liberties. Results will be presented at conferences and published in international peer-reviewed journals. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT05386017; Pre-results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Legrand
- UMR 1319 INSPIIRE, Université de Lorraine, Inserm, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Florian Manneville
- UMR 1319 INSPIIRE, Université de Lorraine, Inserm, F-54000 Nancy, France
- CIC-EC 1433, CHRU, Inserm, Université de lorraine, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | | | - Philip Böhme
- Department of Diabetology, Metabolic Diseases and Nutrition, CHRU de Nancy, Nancy, France
| | - Arnaud Dosda
- UMR 1319 INSPIIRE, Université de Lorraine, Inserm, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Mélanie Beguinet
- CIC-EC 1433, CHRU, Inserm, Université de lorraine, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Serge Briançon
- UMR 1319 INSPIIRE, Université de Lorraine, Inserm, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Elisabeth Spitz
- UMR 1319 INSPIIRE, Université de Lorraine, Inserm, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Edith Lecomte
- Conservatoire National des Arts et Metiers, Nancy, France
| | - Abdou Y Omorou
- UMR 1319 INSPIIRE, Université de Lorraine, Inserm, F-54000 Nancy, France
- CIC-EC 1433, CHRU, Inserm, Université de lorraine, F-54000 Nancy, France
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Ganjeh P, Hagmayer Y, Meyer T, Kuhnert R, Ravens-Sieberer U, von Steinbuechel N, Rothenberger A, Becker A. Physical activity and psychopathology: are long-term developmental trajectories of physical activity in children and adolescents associated with trajectories of general mental health problems and of attention-deficit hyperactivity (ADHD) symptoms? Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024; 33:3067-3078. [PMID: 38345617 PMCID: PMC11424711 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-023-02352-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2024]
Abstract
A medium-to-high level of physical activity (PA) may have at least a short-term positive effect on psychopathology in children and adolescents. Hence, the objective of this study was to investigate the long-term effects of PA in non-adult age groups on their general mental health problems and/or ADHD symptoms, using trajectories of concurrent development over a period of 10 years. This study employed data from the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS) collected at three time points (baseline, Wave 1, Wave 2, over 10 years) from 17,640 children and adolescents. Using parent-reported data from the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), different developmental trajectories of general mental health problems (SDQ-total) and ADHD symptoms (SDQ-H/I) were identified with latent class mixed models (LCMM) statistics. This was also applied to parent- and self-reported data of three levels of PA. The latter was assessed according to WHO recommendations. The joint probability of class membership for SDQ-total as well as ADHD symptoms with PA was calculated to generate the concurrent developmental trajectories between variables. Results showed a 4-class trajectory model for both SDQ-total and ADHD symptoms among boys and girls. The majority of children and adolescents showed "low general difficulties" and "low ADHD symptoms" over the period of 10 years. Three distinct trajectories in boys and four distinct trajectories in girls were found for PA. Most of the participants showed an "increasing-decreasing activity" trajectory. No statistically significant correlations were found between the different SDQ-total or ADHD symptom trajectories and the trajectories of PA in the two genders. Taken together, our findings did not indicate any significant relationship between waxing and waning PA course over 10 years and various classes of mental health problems for children and adolescents. In contrast to our cross-sectional findings, no steady long-term medium/high-level of PA was present, which could (at least partly) explain the non-significant findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Ganjeh
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - York Hagmayer
- Department of Cognitive Science and Decision Psychology, Georg-Elias-Müller-Institute for Psychology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Meyer
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ronny Kuhnert
- Unit Mental Health, Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrike Ravens-Sieberer
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nicole von Steinbuechel
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Aribert Rothenberger
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Becker
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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Dahl AA, Ademu L, Fandetti S, Harris R. University Food Environment Assessment Methods and Their Implications: Protocol for a Systematic Review. JMIR Res Protoc 2024; 13:e54955. [PMID: 39178404 PMCID: PMC11380064 DOI: 10.2196/54955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While the retail food environment has been well studied, research surrounding the university food environment is still emerging. Existing research suggests that university food environments can influence behavioral outcomes such as students' dietary choices, which may be maintained long-term. Despite a growing interest in assessing university food environments, there is no standardized tool for completing this task. How researchers define "healthy" when assessing university food environments needs to be clarified. This paper describes the protocol for systematically reviewing literature involving university food environment assessments. OBJECTIVE This paper aimed to describe the protocol for a systematic review of the assessments of university food environments. The review will summarize previously used tools or methods and their implications. METHODS Electronic databases, including PubMed (NLM), Cochrane Library (Wiley), Web of Science (Clarivate), APA PsycINFO (EBSCO), CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing & Allied Health) Complete (EBSCO), ProQuest Nursing and Allied Health, and Google Scholar were searched for papers published between 2012 and 2022 using combinations of related medical subject headings terms and keywords. The electronic databases were supplemented by reviewing the reference list for all included papers and systematic reviews returned with our search results. The review will include all study types, including randomized controlled trials, observational studies, and other pre-post designs. Papers that examine at least 1 aspect of the university food environment, such as cafeterias, campus convenience stores, and vending machines, were considered for inclusion. A total of 2 reviewers will independently screen titles and abstracts, complete a full-text review, extract data, and perform a quality assessment of included papers, with a third reviewer resolving any conflicts. The Quality Assessment for Diverse Studies (QuADS) tool was used to determine the methodological quality of selected studies. A narrative and tabular summary of the findings were presented. There will not be a meta-analysis due to the methodological heterogeneity of the included papers. RESULTS The initial queries of 4502 records have been executed, and papers have been screened for inclusion. Data extractions were completed in December 2023. The results of the review were accepted for publication in May 2024. The systematic review generated from this protocol will offer evidence for using different assessment tools to examine the campus food environment. CONCLUSIONS This systematic review will summarize the tools and methods used to assess university food environments where many emerging adults spend a significant part of their young adult lives. The findings will highlight variations in practice and how "healthy" has been defined globally. This review will provide an understanding of this unique organizational food environment with implications for practice and policy. TRIAL REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42023398073; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=398073. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/54955.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Anne Dahl
- Department of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, United States
| | - Lilian Ademu
- Texas A&M Institute for Advancing Health Through Agriculture, Texas A&M AgriLife Research Centre at El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Stacy Fandetti
- Department of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, United States
| | - Ryan Harris
- J. Murrey Atkins Library, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, United States
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Żarów R, Żegleń M, Woronkowicz A, Spring B, Kowal M, Matusik S. Changes in physical fitness and body build of women and men surveyed in 2004 and 2022-A longitudinal study. Am J Hum Biol 2024; 36:e24066. [PMID: 38477403 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.24066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Physical fitness plays a crucial role in determining human health and overall well-being. The objective of the study was to assess the changes in body structure and physical fitness among individuals examined in 2004 and 2022 (persons aged 32-34 and 50-52). The research material consists of data from the Krakow Continuous Study (KCS) of somatic development and physical fitness of people born in 1970 and 1972, conducted in Krakow in the years 1976-2022. In total, in 2004, 103 women and 122 men took part in the study, and in 2022-47 women and 67 men. Of these participants, 37 women and 53 men were present for both measurements. The following measurements were performed-physical fitness tests: handgrip strength of left and right hand, standing broad jump, sit-and-reach test and overhead medicine ball throw (2 kg); anthropometric measurements: body height, body weight and tissue composition, circumferences of the chest (relaxed and in deep inspiration), waist, hips, thigh, mid-upper-arm (MUAC, relaxed and in deep inspiration), forearm and calf, thickness of biceps, triceps, subscapular, abdominal, suprailiac and calf skinfolds; width of shoulders and hips, depth and width of the chest. A comparative analysis of the two series showed that all fitness test scores deteriorated. The percentage decrease was greater in women than in men in the tests of right and left handgrip strength and overhead medicine ball throw than in men, in the standing broad jump test similar in both sexes, in the sit-and-reach test-lower in women than in men. The greatest decreases were observed in the standing broad jump (by 14%) and the 2 kg medicine ball throw (15-12%), both in women and men. In contrast, the level of development of most of the somatic characteristics studied in 2022 was higher compared to the previous study, and, apart from body height, elbow and knee width and calf skinfold in both sexes, the differences in arithmetic means between the 2004 and 2022 series were statistically significant. Furthermore, the absence of involutionary changes in body height can be highlighted. In conclusion, the decrease in physical fitness occurring in adulthood and the increase in most somatic characteristics between 32 and 34 year-olds and 50 and 52 year-olds were confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryszard Żarów
- Department of Anthropology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University School of Physical Education, Krakow, Poland
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Applied Sciences in Tarnow, Tarnow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Żegleń
- Pain Research Group, Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Kraków, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Woronkowicz
- Department of Anthropology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University School of Physical Education, Krakow, Poland
| | - Barbara Spring
- Department of Anthropology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University School of Physical Education, Krakow, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Kowal
- Department of Anthropology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University School of Physical Education, Krakow, Poland
| | - Stanisław Matusik
- Department of Statistics and Informatics, Faculty of Tourism and Recreation, University School of Physical Education, Krakow, Poland
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Chua XH, Edney SM, Müller AM, Petrunoff NA, Whitton C, Tay Z, Goh CMJL, Chen B, Park SH, Rebello SA, Low A, Chia J, Koek D, Cheong K, van Dam RM, Müller-Riemenschneider F. Rationale, Design, and Baseline Characteristics of Participants in the Health@NUS mHealth Augmented Cohort Study Examining Student-to-Work Life Transition: Protocol for a Prospective Cohort Study. JMIR Res Protoc 2024; 13:e56749. [PMID: 39018103 PMCID: PMC11292158 DOI: 10.2196/56749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Integration of mobile health data collection methods into cohort studies enables the collection of intensive longitudinal information, which gives deeper insights into individuals' health and lifestyle behavioral patterns over time, as compared to traditional cohort methods with less frequent data collection. These findings can then fill the gaps that remain in understanding how various lifestyle behaviors interact as students graduate from university and seek employment (student-to-work life transition), where the inability to adapt quickly to a changing environment greatly affects the mental well-being of young adults. OBJECTIVE This paper aims to provide an overview of the study methodology and baseline characteristics of participants in Health@NUS, a longitudinal study leveraging mobile health to examine the trajectories of health behaviors, physical health, and well-being, and their diverse determinants, for young adults during the student-to-work life transition. METHODS University students were recruited between August 2020 and June 2022 in Singapore. Participants would complete biometric assessments and questionnaires at 3 time points (baseline, 12-, and 24-month follow-up visits) and use a Fitbit smartwatch and smartphone app to continuously collect physical activity, sedentary behavior, sleep, and dietary data over the 2 years. Additionally, up to 12 two-week-long bursts of app-based ecological momentary surveys capturing lifestyle behaviors and well-being would be sent out among the 3 time points. RESULTS Interested participants (n=1556) were screened for eligibility, and 776 participants were enrolled in the study between August 2020 and June 2022. Participants were mostly female (441/776, 56.8%), of Chinese ethnicity (741/776, 92%), undergraduate students (759/776, 97.8%), and had a mean BMI of 21.9 (SD 3.3) kg/m2, and a mean age of 22.7 (SD 1.7) years. A substantial proportion were overweight (202/776, 26.1%) or obese (42/776, 5.4%), had indicated poor mental well-being (World Health Organization-5 Well-Being Index ≤50; 291/776, 37.7%), or were at higher risk for psychological distress (Kessler Psychological Distress Scale ≥13; 109/776, 14.1%). CONCLUSIONS The findings from this study will provide detailed insights into the determinants and trajectories of health behaviors, health, and well-being during the student-to-work life transition experienced by young adults. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05154227; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05154227. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/56749.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Hui Chua
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sarah Martine Edney
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Andre Matthias Müller
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nicholas A Petrunoff
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Clare Whitton
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
| | - Zoey Tay
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Claire Marie Jie Lin Goh
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bozhi Chen
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Su Hyun Park
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Salome A Rebello
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Alicia Low
- Health Promotion Board, Singapore Government, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Janelle Chia
- Health Promotion Board, Singapore Government, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Daphne Koek
- Health Promotion Board, Singapore Government, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Karen Cheong
- Health Promotion Board, Singapore Government, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rob M van Dam
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Departments of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences and Epidemiology, Milken Institute of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Falk Müller-Riemenschneider
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Digital Health Center, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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López-Gil JF, Tully MA, Cristi-Montero C, Brazo-Sayavera J, Gaya AR, Calatayud J, López-Bueno R, Smith L. Is the frequency of breakfast consumption associated with life satisfaction in children and adolescents? A cross-sectional study with 154,151 participants from 42 countries. Nutr J 2024; 23:78. [PMID: 39010117 PMCID: PMC11251324 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-024-00979-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The promotion of daily breakfast consumption and the importance of making appropriate breakfast choices have been underscored as significant public health messages. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between breakfast frequency and life satisfaction in large and representative samples of school-going children and adolescents aged 10-17 years from 42 different countries. METHODS This study used information from the 2017/2018 Health Behavior in School-aged Children study, comprising nationally representative samples of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years who were attending school. The total number of participants from the 42 countries included in the study was 155,451 (51.3% girls). The evaluation of breakfast consumption in this study involved a specific question: "How often do you typically have breakfast (more than a glass of milk or fruit juice)?". To measure life satisfaction, a subjective assessment scale was used in the form of a ladder, visually spanning from 0 to 10. On this scale, the topmost point (10) denotes the highest conceivable quality of life, whereas the bottom point (0) represents the worst imaginable quality of life. RESULTS After adjusting for several covariates, the lowest estimated marginal mean of life satisfaction was identified in those participants who skipped breakfast (mean [M] = 5.6, 95% confidence interval [CI] 5.5 to 5.8). Conversely, the highest estimated marginal mean of life satisfaction was observed in those who had breakfast every day (M = 6.5, 95% CI 6.3 to 6.6). Overall, a nearly linear relationship between higher frequency of breakfast and greater life satisfaction in children and adolescents was identified (p-for-trend < 0.001). In addition, the highest estimated marginal mean of life satisfaction score was identified in those participants from Portugal who had breakfast every day (M = 7.7; 95% CI 6.9 to 8.5 points). Conversely, the lowest estimated marginal mean of life satisfaction was observed in those participants from Romania who no breakfast (M = 3.5; 95% CI 2.6 to 4.4 points). CONCLUSIONS There is a nearly linear relationship between higher frequency of breakfast and greater life satisfaction in children and adolescents. Considering the potential health advantages associated with breakfast during this critical age phase, these findings imply the necessity for additional global efforts to promote increased breakfast consumption among children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark A Tully
- School of Medicine, Ulster University, Londonderry, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Carlos Cristi-Montero
- Physical Education School, IRyS Group, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, 2530388, Chile
| | - Javier Brazo-Sayavera
- Department of Sports and Computer Science, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
| | - Anelise Reis Gaya
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Felizardo, n° 750 - Jardim Botânico, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Joaquín Calatayud
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Physiotherapy, Exercise Intervention for Health Research Group (EXINH-RG), University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rubén López-Bueno
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Physiotherapy, Exercise Intervention for Health Research Group (EXINH-RG), University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Department of Physical Medicine and Nursing, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Lee Smith
- Centre for Health Performance and Wellbeing, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
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11
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Kruse F, Büchel S, Brühwiler C. Longitudinal effects of basic psychological need support on the development of intrinsic motivation and perceived competence in physical education. A multilevel study. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1393966. [PMID: 39035084 PMCID: PMC11259123 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1393966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Grounded in self-determination theory, this article deals with a multidimensional measurement of the support of the basic psychological needs and the individual and combined effects on the development of intrinsic motivation and perceived competence in physical education. In addition to the supportive teacher behaviors of autonomy support, competence support and relatedness support, peer relatedness support is examined as an additional factor. Methods A total of 1,047 students from 72 classes from various German-speaking Swiss cantons took part in the study. The hypothesized four factorial structure was analyzed using multilevel confirmatory factor analyses. Longitudinal measurement invariance testing of intrinsic motivation and perceived competence indicates scalar measurement invariance. Multilevel regression analyses were specified to analysis the longitudinal effects on the development of intrinsic motivation and perceived competence, whereby both the effects of the individual factors as well as the adjusted effects under the inclusion of all predictors were examined. Results Results of multilevel confirmatory factor analysis indicate that the hypothesized four-factor model (e.g., CFI = 0.97; TLI = 0.96; RMSEA = 0.04; SRMR between = 0.11) is to be favored over alternative models at both levels. Regarding the prediction of the development of intrinsic motivation and perceived competence our study underlines the predictive value of basic psychological need support. The models that examine the effects of the individual predictors indicate that the effects are largely consistent with expectations at both the class and individual level. At class level, however, autonomy support appears to be no significant predictor for the development of intrinsic motivation (p < 0.10), but for perceived competence (p < 0.05). Peer relatedness support is a significant predictor for both outcome variables at both levels of analysis. Regarding the simultaneous integration of all predictors, only the effects of peer relatedness support remain significant for both outcome variables. Discussion The empirical support of the multidimensionality of the instrument is particularly interesting in the context of the common conceptualization of a unidimensional measurement of autonomy support or a composite factor of psychological need support, whereby only few studies have adequately tested the factorial validity. Although significant effects of supportive teacher behaviors can be demonstrated in the multilevel regression analyses, it is also indicated that the different dimensions lack of incremental predictive validity. Particularly noteworthy is the rarely investigated role of peer relatedness support, which has been shown to be a meaningful predictor, even when supportive teacher behaviors are taken into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Kruse
- Institute of Physical Education, Sports and Health, St. Gallen University of Teacher Education, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Sonja Büchel
- Institute of Education and Professional Studies, St. Gallen University of Teacher Education, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Christian Brühwiler
- Vice-President’s Office for Research and Development, St. Gallen University of Teacher Education, St. Gallen, Switzerland
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12
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Hartson KR, Della LJ, King KM, Liu S, Chatman JM, Rhodes RE. A Web-Based Intervention for Insufficiently Active College Students: Feasibility and Preliminary Efficacy. West J Nurs Res 2024; 46:541-551. [PMID: 38767319 DOI: 10.1177/01939459241253218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One third of college students do not achieve aerobic activity levels recommended for physical and mental health. The web-based "I Can Be Active!" intervention was designed to help college students increase their physical activity. The intervention was grounded in the Multi-Process Action Control (M-PAC) framework which emphasizes translating intention into sustainable action. OBJECTIVE The primary purpose was to evaluate the feasibility of the intervention with insufficiently active young adult college students. The secondary purposes were to describe the preliminary effects of the intervention on: (1) the M-PAC constructs and (2) physical activity. METHODS Twenty-one college students, ages 18 to 24, were enrolled in the pre-post quasi-experimental study to test the 8-week intervention during Spring 2021. Data were collected via self-report questionnaires, web-analytics, and interviews. Feasibility outcomes included recruitment, retention, acceptability, practicality, and implementation. Preliminary efficacy outcomes were self-report M-PAC constructs and physical activity. Data analyses included descriptive statistics, t tests, Wilcoxon signed rank tests, Hedge's g, and thematic analysis. RESULTS Recruitment and retention rates were 70% and 71%, respectively. Participants reacted positively to the program, content, and features, except the manual entry step tracker and private social media group. Positive trends and significant increases were found in the regulatory and reflexive M-PAC constructs (self-regulation, habit, and identity) and physical activity. CONCLUSIONS Findings support the feasibility and preliminary effects of the intervention for insufficiently active college students and highlight implications for intervention refinement. Future research will test intervention effectiveness using a randomized controlled trial with a larger diverse sample of college students.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lindsay J Della
- Department of Communication, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Kristi M King
- Department of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Sam Liu
- School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Jade M Chatman
- School of Nursing, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Ryan E Rhodes
- School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
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Liu Y, Liu S, Sum R, Duncan M, Gu Y, Li M. Associations between levels of physical literacy and adherence to the 24-h movement guidelines among university students: A cross-sectional study. J Exerc Sci Fit 2024; 22:221-226. [PMID: 38559907 PMCID: PMC10979097 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.2024.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives Emerging evidence indicates that the composition of movement behaviours within a 24-h period is associated with multiple health benefits across the lifespan. A concept that emphasises an individual's active lifestyle is physical literacy (PL), yet empirical research exploring the potential associations between PL and 24-h movement guidelines remains scarce. This study aimed to evaluate the associations between levels of PL and adherence to the guidelines among Chinese university students. Study design A cross-sectional study. Methods Seven hundred and ninety-eight university students (390 male, 19.2 ± 1.2 years) completed all the measurements. Levels of PL and participants' adherence to guidelines including physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep were self-reported through Perceived Physical Literacy Instrument, International Physical Activity Questionnaire and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, respectively. Two-way ANOVA was conducted to determine the associations between the number of guidelines met (0, 1, 2, or 3) and levels of PL. Results The results demonstrate that 36.5% (n = 291) of the participants met all the three guidelines, while 4.1% (n = 33) met none. Further analysis indicated that meeting physical activity or sedentary behaviour guidelines was associated with significantly higher total PL scores, and scores in the sub-domains of Confidence and Physical Competence and Motivation. Conclusions The findings provide evidence that young adults who obtained higher PL scores may meet more guidelines during a 24-h period. Future studies should incorporate accelerometer-based physical activity measurements and investigate the causal relationship between PL and adherence to the movement guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. Liu
- Public Health and Sport Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - S.X. Liu
- School of Physical Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - R.K.W. Sum
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - M.J. Duncan
- Centre for Physical Activity, Sport and Exercise Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
| | - Y.D. Gu
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - M.H. Li
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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14
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Grant SJ, Liu S, Rhodes RE. A web-based physical activity intervention targeting affect regulation: a randomized feasibility trial. Psychol Health 2024:1-23. [PMID: 38946146 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2024.2372658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Early career professionals (ECPs) are a critical target for physical activity (PA) promotion. Affect contributes to an established PA intention-behaviour gap and is pertinent among ECPs. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to examine the feasibility and acceptability of a web-based intervention and explore the effects on secondary outcomes (moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA), emotion regulation, multi-process action control constructs). METHODS Adults aged 25-44 who were employed at least part-time in a desk-based job and not meeting PA guidelines (<150 min MVPA) were recruited and randomized into a 6-week online intervention integrating acceptance and commitment principles and affect regulation strategies, or a control group. RESULTS Forty adults were recruited and randomized to the web-based intervention (n = 21) and waitlist control (n = 19). The recruitment rate was 29%, retention was 75%, engagement was 68%, and satisfaction was high in both quantitative and qualitative assessment. Participants allocated to the intervention improved MVPA (ηp2=0.30), emotion regulation (ηp2 =0.49), behavioural regulation (ηp2=0.53), affective attitude (ηp2=0.23), identity (ηp2=0.24), and constructs of mindfulness (ηp2=0.44), and valued living (ηp2=0.20). CONCLUSIONS Primary outcomes concerning feasibility were adequate and secondary outcomes improved, suggesting a full-scale randomized controlled trial is feasible with minor modifications. A large-scale study is warranted to establish intervention effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stina J Grant
- Behavioural Medicine Lab, @bmedlab, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Sam Liu
- Digital Health Lab, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Ryan E Rhodes
- Behavioural Medicine Lab, @bmedlab, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
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15
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Bopp M, Elliott LD, Peterson KT, Duffey M, Wilson OWA. Domain matters: An examination of college student physical activity participation patterns by gender and race/ethnicity. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38848576 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2024.2362317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity (PA) consists of multiple domains, including leisure-time PA (LTPA), occupational PA (OPA), and transportation PA (TPA), though limited research has examined these domains among college students. METHODS This cross sectional, online survey asked undergraduate students to self-report demographics (gender, race/ethnicity, employment) and PA (LTPA, TPA, and OPA). Participants were categorized as meeting/not meeting current aerobic PA recommendations with only LTPA and with all domains of PA. Analyses examined differences by domain and demographics. RESULTS For participants (n = 3732) when only considering LTPA, 79% met recommendations, while considering all forms of PA resulted in 94% of students meeting recommendations. Gender and race/ethnicity differences in the odds of meeting PA recommendations were present with only LTPA, however when considering all PA domains, some disparities were no longer present. CONCLUSIONS These findings highlight how different domains of activity contribute to overall PA and the relationship with gender and race/ethnicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Bopp
- Department of Kinesiology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lucas D Elliott
- Department of Kinesiology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Keegan T Peterson
- Department of Kinesiology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michele Duffey
- Department of Kinesiology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Oliver W A Wilson
- Te Hau Kori, Faculty of Health, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
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16
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Dennaoui N, Guagliano JM, Kolt GS, Jammal M, George ES. A systematic review of culturally adapted physical activity interventions for culturally and linguistically diverse children and adolescents. Prev Med 2024; 183:107979. [PMID: 38697226 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2024.107979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Limited evidence shows culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) children and adolescents are less active, compared to the general population. It is unclear, how physical activity interventions have been adapted for CALD children and adolescents to enhance engagement. This study aimed to review culturally adapted physical activity interventions targeting CALD children and adolescents. METHODS All studies recruited children and adolescents (i.e., aged ≥5 to <18 years old) from CALD backgrounds, targeted physical activity, and included cultural adaptations. Cultural adaptations were defined as surface structures (i.e., observable characteristics of a targeted population) or deep structures (i.e., rooted in core ethnic values derived from individual cultures. RESULTS Twenty studies were included. Ten studies used a combination of surface and deep structure adaptations. Of these 10 studies, 3 found a significant between-group difference in physical activity favouring the intervention group. Among studies (n = 6) that used surface structure adaptations (e.g., language adjustments to information sheets, consent forms, and resources), 1 found a significant intervention effect on physical activity. With studies (n = 4) that used deep structure adaptations (e.g., incorporating traditional songs and dances relevant to cultural groups), 1 study found a significant intervention effect on physical activity. CONCLUSION A small number of studies found significant changes to increase physical activity levels. We found there is a lack of consistent evidence indicating that incorporating surface and/or deep structure adaptations result in significant changes in physical activity. Future research should focus on establishing higher quality methodology when developing culturally adapted interventions for CALD populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nariman Dennaoui
- School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Justin M Guagliano
- School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia; Translational Health Research Institute (THRI), Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Gregory S Kolt
- School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Melissa Jammal
- School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Emma S George
- School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia; Translational Health Research Institute (THRI), Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
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17
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Antunes H, Rodrigues A, Sabino B, Alves R, Correia AL, Lopes H. The Effect of Motivation on Physical Activity among Middle and High School Students. Sports (Basel) 2024; 12:154. [PMID: 38921848 PMCID: PMC11209451 DOI: 10.3390/sports12060154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The study addressed two main objectives: (i) to investigate disparities in motivation dimensions regarding extracurricular physical activity and (ii) to identify the influence of motivation on time spent in formal and informal physical activity. A sample of 704 adolescents (56% girls) from middle (46%) and high school (54%), with an average age of 14.88 ± 2.52, was assessed for different motivation dimensions using the Questionnaire of Motivation for Sports Activities (QMSA). Additionally, participants were categorized based on extracurricular physical activity practice. Multivariate analyses and multiple linear regressions were conducted to examine the effect of physical activity type on motivation dimensions and identify predictors of time spent in formal and informal physical activities, respectively. Results indicated that motivation varied significantly with extracurricular physical activity practice (p < 0.05), with students involved in extracurricular activities being more motivated. Sex and age differences were observed, with boys showing higher motivation in certain dimensions (achievement status (p < 0.001); group activity (p = 0.027); contextual (p = 0.004); technical improvement (p = 0.012) and older participants having lower scores in all dimensions. The influence of family and friends was a significant predictor only for boys in formal physical activity (p = 0.039). In terms of time spent in physical activity, group activity was a predictor for informal activities (p < 0.001), while technical improvement was a predictor for formal activities (p < 0.001), with notable sex differences. These findings underscore the importance of considering sex- and age-specific motivations when promoting physical activity among adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélio Antunes
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Madeira, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal; (H.A.); (A.R.); (R.A.); (A.L.C.)
- Centre for Tourism Research, Development, and Innovation (CITUR), 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences, and Human Development (CIDESD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Ana Rodrigues
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Madeira, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal; (H.A.); (A.R.); (R.A.); (A.L.C.)
- Centre for Tourism Research, Development, and Innovation (CITUR), 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences, and Human Development (CIDESD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Bebiana Sabino
- Higher School of Education, Polytechnic Institute of Beja, 7800-295 Beja, Portugal;
- Sport Physical Activity and Health Research & Innovation Center (SPRINT), 3030-329 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Alves
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Madeira, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal; (H.A.); (A.R.); (R.A.); (A.L.C.)
| | - Ana Luísa Correia
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Madeira, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal; (H.A.); (A.R.); (R.A.); (A.L.C.)
| | - Helder Lopes
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Madeira, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal; (H.A.); (A.R.); (R.A.); (A.L.C.)
- Centre for Tourism Research, Development, and Innovation (CITUR), 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences, and Human Development (CIDESD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
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18
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Tao Y, Xu T, Wang X, Liu C, Wu Y, Liu M, Xiao T, Qiu X. The relationships between emerging adults self-efficacy and motivation levels and physical activity: a cross-sectional study based on the self-determination theory. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1342611. [PMID: 38868357 PMCID: PMC11168411 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1342611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives The study aims to examine the associations between exercise self-efficacy, motivation, physical activity, and body composition among emerging adults. Design Cross-sectional. Methods A convenience sample of 147 emerging adults participated in the Releasing Weight (RELEW) project. The InBody720 analyzer was used to measure body composition, and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short, the Shortened Physical Activity Self-Efficacy Scale, and the Treatment Self-Regulation Questionnaire were used to measure self-reported physical activity, self-efficacy, and motivation. Structural Equation Modeling was used to exam the complex relationships among multiple variables. in this study. The Partial least squares structural equation modeling analysis with bootstrapping in Smart PLS 3 was employed to explore the path coefficients and t-values for the relationships that were thought to exist. Significance was determined using a threshold of p < 0.05. Results The mean age of 147 participants was 18.5 ± 1.87, of whom 51.7% were female, recruited for this study. Exercise self-efficacy has a significant positive correlation with exercise motivation (r = 0.220, p = 0.008) and physical activity (r = 0.279, p < 0.001). Exercise motivation does not demonstrate significant associations with physical activity (r = 0.094, p = 0.298). Utilizing SEM, the model explained 9.2% of exercise self-efficacy, 11.8% of physical activity, and 68.3% of body composition variance. Mediation analysis revealed that exercise self-efficacy partially mediated the relationship between exercise motivation and physical activity (β = 0.106, t = 2.538, p < 0.05), and physical activity partially mediated the relationship between exercise self-efficacy and body composition (β = -0.296, t = 4.280, p < 0.001). Conclusion This study sheds light on the complex relationships among motivation, self-efficacy, physical activity and body composition during emerging adulthood. Our results highlight the mediating role of self-efficacy and its impact on physical activity behaviors, offering valuable insights for targeted interventions and policy development to improve health outcomes in this demographic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuexian Tao
- School of Nursing, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tao Xu
- School of Nursing, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Sports, Macao Polytechnic University, Macao, China
| | - Chengyi Liu
- School of Nursing, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yinyin Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mingyue Liu
- School of Nursing, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ting Xiao
- School of Nursing, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinze Qiu
- School of Nursing, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Borgolte K, Pinquart M. The relationship between exercise-related expectancies and exercise behaviour in adolescent athletes. Health Psychol Behav Med 2024; 12:2356777. [PMID: 38807654 PMCID: PMC11132558 DOI: 10.1080/21642850.2024.2356777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Background In recent years, a decline in sports behaviour among adolescents was observed, even though it is generally known that sports contribute to healthy development. According to the social cognitive theory of Bandura, outcome expectancies play an important role in the practice of health behaviour. Methods This study analysed the relationship between exercise-related outcome expectancies (EOEs) and exercise behaviour among adolescent athletes, and the differences of EOEs according to age, gender and type of sport played. In an online survey N = 223 (female = 140, male = 83) athletes between the age of 10-19 (Mage = 14.27, SD = 3.21) completed the Exercise-related Outcome Expectancies Questionnaire for Adolescents (EOEQ-A), as well as questions about their sociodemographic background and training behaviour. Results A small positive correlation of psychological EOEs with the overall amount of training was discovered while expectancies about negative consequences of sports were associated with lower training efforts. Athletes between 14 and 16 years reported significantly stronger negative EOEs than younger or older participants. Regarding gender, no significant differences were found. Furthermore, a positive correlation between social EOEs and participation in team sports, as well as training in a group was found. Conclusion These results could help with adapting exercise-related interventions so that the positive expectancies of the athletes can be fulfilled and exercise behaviour among adolescents can be promoted. Future studies should investigate the relationship between changes in expectancies and changes in exercise behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martin Pinquart
- Developmental Psychology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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Husu P, Tokola K, Vähä-Ypyä H, Sievänen H, Kokko S, Villberg J, Vasankari T. Physical activity has decreased in Finnish children and adolescents from 2016 to 2022. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1343. [PMID: 38762462 PMCID: PMC11102264 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18854-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Varying trends in children's and adolescents' physical activity (PA) have been reported during the last 10-20 years. Trends in sedentary behavior (SB) have been studied only rarely. The purpose of the present study was to describe population-based trends in accelerometer-measured PA, standing and SB, among Finnish 7-15-year-old children and adolescents, and to evaluate the potential influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on these behaviors. METHOD A cross-sectional population-based Finnish school-aged physical activity Study (FSPA) measured daily steps, vigorous (VPA), moderate (MPA), moderate-to-vigorous (MVPA), light physical activity (LPA), standing, and SB by an accelerometer for seven consecutive days in 2016, 2018, and 2022 (n = 7.080, 57% girls). The data was analyzed by multivariate regression analysis. RESULTS In 2016, participants took on average 10.305 steps per day, and spent 0:15 (h: min) in VPA, 1:37 in MPA, 1:52 in MVPA, 3:48 in LPA, 0:55 in standing and 7:52 in SB. From 2016 to 2018, daily steps, MPA, LPA, and standing increased [229 steps (95% Confidence Interval, CI 70-387), 0:03 (CI 0:01 - 0:04), 0:11 (CI 0:09 - 0:14), and 0:07 (CI 0:05 - 0:08), respectively], while VPA and SB decreased [0:01 (CI 0:00-0:02) and 0:20 (CI 0:16 - 0:24), respectively]. From 2018 to 2022, daily PA and standing declined [751 steps (CI 562-939), VPA 0:02 (CI 0:01 - 0:03), MPA 0:09 (CI 0:07 - 0:11), MVPA 0:11 (CI 0:09 - 0:14), LPA 0:08 (CI 0:05 - 0:11), and standing 0:01 (CI 0:01 - 0:03)] while SB increased 0:21 (CI 0:16 - 0:25) indicating potential influence of the pandemic. CONCLUSIONS Children and adolescents became physically less active from 2016 to 2022. The potential effects of the COVID-19 were seen as declined PA and increased sedentariness from 2018 to 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauliina Husu
- The UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Kaupinpuistonkatu 1, Tampere, FI-33500, Finland.
| | - Kari Tokola
- The UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Kaupinpuistonkatu 1, Tampere, FI-33500, Finland
| | - Henri Vähä-Ypyä
- The UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Kaupinpuistonkatu 1, Tampere, FI-33500, Finland
| | - Harri Sievänen
- The UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Kaupinpuistonkatu 1, Tampere, FI-33500, Finland
| | - Sami Kokko
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Research Centre for Health Promotion, University of Jyväskylä, PL 35, Jyväskylä, FI-40014, Finland
| | - Jari Villberg
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Research Centre for Health Promotion, University of Jyväskylä, PL 35, Jyväskylä, FI-40014, Finland
| | - Tommi Vasankari
- The UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Kaupinpuistonkatu 1, Tampere, FI-33500, Finland
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Kalevantie 4, Tampere, FI-33014, Finland
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21
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Cherelstein RE, Ulman S, Kuenze CM, Harkey MS, Butler LS. Greater changes in self-reported activity level are associated with decreased quality of life in patients following an anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Phys Ther Sport 2024; 67:149-154. [PMID: 38759381 DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2024.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the association between change in physical activity level, as defined as the change from pre-to post-operative Tegner Activity Scale, and quality of life (QOL) after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR), before patients are cleared for return to sport. PARTICIPANTS 1198 participants (42.9% male; 18.7 ± 3.6 years; 7.1 ± 3.7 months post-ACLR). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Surveys included Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score QOL (KOOS-QOL) subscale and Tegner Activity Scale. KOOS-QOL score ≥62.5 is considered as meeting a previously established patient acceptable symptom state. RESULTS The acceptable KOOS-QOL group reported a significantly smaller decrease in activity level from pre-injury to time of data collection (median: 2.00, IQR: 2.00) than the unacceptable KOOS-QOL group (median: 3.00, IQR: 3.00). Across the full cohort, for every one-point larger decrease in Tegner score from pre-to post-ACLR, there is a 52% increase in the odds of having an unacceptable KOOS-QOL score. For adolescents, the odds increase to 60% while the odds for adults were lower at 39%. CONCLUSIONS Following ACLR, greater decreases in physical activity level are associated with poorer QOL for both adolescents and adults at short-term follow-up, and this effect is larger amongst adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E Cherelstein
- Inova Health System Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Fairfax, VA, USA.
| | - Sophia Ulman
- Scottish Rite for Children, Frisco, TX, USA; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Christopher M Kuenze
- Inova Health System Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Fairfax, VA, USA; University of Virginia Department of Kinesiology, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Matthew S Harkey
- Michigan State University Department of Kinesiology, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Lauren S Butler
- Florida International University Department of Physical Therapy, Miami, FL, USA; Nicklaus Children's Hospital, Miami, FL, USA
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22
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De Marco JCP, de Araújo Pinto A, Brazo-Sayavera J, Külkamp W, de Lima TR, Pelegrini A. Secular trends and sociodemographic, biological, and behavioural factors associated with handgrip strength in adolescents in southern Brazil: An allometric approach. J Sports Sci 2024; 42:776-784. [PMID: 38869478 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2024.2364137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to analyse secular trend in handgrip strength (HGS) in adolescents using an allometric approach and identify the factors associated. The sample comprised 657 and 1004 adolescents (14 to 19 years) in 2007 and 2017/2018, respectively, of public schools in Florianópolis, Brazil. The dependent variable was HGS normalised to body mass and height. Covariance analysis was used to examine secular trends in HGS, and multiple linear regression was used to identify associated factors. The independent variables were sociodemographic, biological, and behavioural factors. Comparison of HGS between surveys indicated a negative secular trend in both sexes (p < 0.001). In boys, there was a positive association of HGS with age and FFM in both surveys. In 2017/18, there was a positive association with sexual maturation and a negative association with sitting time and fat percentage. In girls, FFM was positively associated with HGS in both surveys. In 2007, there were positive associations of HGS with age and vigorous physical activity, whereas, in 2017/18, negative associations were observed with economic level and sitting time. The findings of the present study show a decline in adolescent HGS. And behavioural changes appear to be contributing to declines in HGS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - André de Araújo Pinto
- Department of Physical Education, State University of Roraima, Boa Vista, RR, Brazil
| | - Javier Brazo-Sayavera
- Department of Sports and Computer Science, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Wladymir Külkamp
- Department of Physical Education, State University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Tiago Rodrigues de Lima
- Department of Physical Education, State University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Andreia Pelegrini
- Department of Physical Education, State University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
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23
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Hatfield DP, Sharma S, Bailey CP, Bakun P, Hennessy E, Simon C, Economos CD. Implementation of nutrition and physical activity-related policies and practices on college campuses participating in the Healthier Campus initiative. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2024; 72:1192-1199. [PMID: 35549645 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2022.2071617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate implementation of nutrition/physical activity-related policies/practices at colleges participating in a healthy campus initiative and campus health leaders' perceptions of policies/practices' support for student health and ease of/barriers to implementation. Participants: Health leaders at colleges participating in the Healthier Campus Initiative (HCI), with completed or ongoing three-year HCI commitments. Methods: Surveys asked which of 41 guidelines were implemented and perceptions around support for student health and ease of/barriers to implementation. Qualitative interviews explored similar domains. Results: Campuses with completed HCI commitments (n = 17) averaged 27.6 guidelines implemented, versus 21.1 on campuses with commitments ongoing (n = 13; p = 0.003). Perceived support for student health and implementation ease varied by guideline. Common implementation barriers included financial costs and time. Interviews largely reinforced these findings. Conclusions: Completion of a campus environmental change initiative may be associated with more health-supporting practices. Campuses may benefit from implementing coordinated policy/practice changes supporting healthy eating and physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P Hatfield
- ChildObesity180 and the Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy at Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shanti Sharma
- ChildObesity180 and the Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy at Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Caitlin P Bailey
- ChildObesity180 and the Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy at Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Peter Bakun
- ChildObesity180 and the Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy at Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Erin Hennessy
- ChildObesity180 and the Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy at Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Caitlin Simon
- The Partnership for a Healthier America, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Christina D Economos
- ChildObesity180 and the Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy at Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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24
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Spruijtenburg GE, van Abswoude F, Adams ILJ, Platvoet SWJ, de Niet M, Steenbergen B. Change in general and domain-specific physical activity during the transition from primary to secondary education: a systematic review. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1005. [PMID: 38605307 PMCID: PMC11008009 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18539-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Knowledge of changes in the domains of physical activity (PA) during the transition period from primary to secondary education and the factors associated with these changes, are prerequisites for the design of effective PA promotion strategies. Therefore, the first aim of this study was to systematically review changes in general, leisure-time, school, transport, work, and home PA across the transition from primary to secondary education. The second aim was to systematically review the individual, social, and physical environmental factors that were associated with these changes. METHODS Records published up until September 2023 were retrieved from five electronic databases. We included longitudinal and cross-sectional studies that investigated general or domain-specific PA from 2 years before to 2 years after the transition from primary to secondary education. Information on source, study characteristics, sample characteristics, PA, and factors were extracted from the papers included. We reported the direction of change in general and domain-specific PA and the direction of association of the factors with change in general and domain-specific PA. RESULTS Forty-eight papers were included in the study. The evidence on changes in PA and associated factors was greatest for general PA. A limited number of the studies investigated the separate domains of leisure-time, school, and transport. Most studies on general and school PA reported a decline in PA, but there were no consistent results for the domains of leisure-time and transport. With respect to the associated factors, evidence was predominantly found for individual factors and to a lesser degree for physical environmental and social environmental factors. None of the factors were consistently associated with changes in general or domain-specific PA during the school transition. CONCLUSIONS For the design of targeted PA promotion strategies, further studies are warranted to explore changes in the specific domains of PA across the transition from primary to secondary education, especially in the domains of leisure-time, transport, home, and work PA. In addition, the interactions between factors at different socioecological levels to influence changes in PA need to be addressed more in the future. TRIAL REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42020190204.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Femke van Abswoude
- Behavioural Science Institute (BSI), Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Imke L J Adams
- Behavioural Science Institute (BSI), Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Sebastiaan W J Platvoet
- Institute for Studies in Sports and Exercise, HAN University of Applied Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Mark de Niet
- Institute for Studies in Sports and Exercise, HAN University of Applied Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Bert Steenbergen
- Behavioural Science Institute (BSI), Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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25
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He Z, Hassan MA, Saiz-González P, Ryu S, Wang R, Gao Z. Smartphone app-based interventions on physical activity behaviors and psychological correlates in healthy young adults: A systematic review. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0301088. [PMID: 38578729 PMCID: PMC10997080 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The issue of low physical activity (PA) levels among the youth is a longstanding concern. Smartphone applications offer a promising avenue for delivering interventions that are both accessible and engaging. Up to now, there appears to be a gap in the literature, with no systematic reviews assessing the efficacy of smartphone apps in encouraging increased physical activity among healthy young adults. OBJECTIVE To synthesize the effects of a smartphone app-based intervention on PA and PA-related psychological correlates in healthy young adults (18-35 years old). METHODS A search was conducted on eighteen databases: PubMed, Medline, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, Scopus, Academic Search Premier, Communication and Mass Media Complete, Article First, Biomed Central, BioOne, EBSCOHost, JSTOR, ProQuest, SAGE Reference Online, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, Taylor&Francis, and Wiley Online. The search covered the period up until December 2023. This research included all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluated the effectiveness of smartphone app-based interventions on PA and PA related psychological outcomes in healthy young adults. The overall impact was determined by vote counting based on the direction of effect and aggregating p values. The quality of the evidence was evaluated using an 8-item scale. This study has been registered in the PROSPERO database with the identification number CRD42023390033. RESULTS A total of 8403 articles were retrieved, and based on the predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, seven articles were selected for inclusion. Among these articles, four high-quality RCTs were identified, and the results of vote counting and combining p values methods suggested that smartphone-based app interventions did not demonstrate significant effectiveness in improving PA and PA-related psychological outcomes. However, some improvements were observed. The analysis results, which were categorized into fitness apps and health apps based on the characteristics of the interventions, also failed to demonstrate significant intervention effects. CONCLUSION The findings indicate that, currently, there are no significant effects of smartphone app interventions on improving PA and PA-related psychological outcomes in healthy young adults aged 18-35 years. It is important to note that these findings should be interpreted with caution due to the limited number of included studies. Future research should focus on employing high-quality study designs to determine the true effects of interventions and analyze various smartphone app interventions. These analyses should encompass different app characteristics (e.g., fitness app and health app), various combinations (e.g., fitness app alone and fitness app in combination with other interventions), diverse intervention goals (e.g., PA and PA along with other outcomes), and multiple intervention characteristics (e.g., frequency and duration).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao He
- School of Sport Science, Beijing Sport University, Haidian, Beijing, China
| | - Mohamed A. Hassan
- School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- Department of Methods and Curriculum, Physical Education College for Men, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Pablo Saiz-González
- Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Suryeon Ryu
- School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Ronghui Wang
- School of Sport Science, Beijing Sport University, Haidian, Beijing, China
| | - Zan Gao
- Department of Kinesiology, Recreation, and Sport Studies, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
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26
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Nashandi HL, Monyeki AM, Reilly JJ. Association between Physical Activity and Health Outcomes (High Body Fatness, High Blood Pressure) in Namibian Adolescents and Adult women. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:446. [PMID: 38673357 PMCID: PMC11050568 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21040446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Regular physical activity (PA) is known to promote the physical and mental health of children and adolescents and further prevent the development of health problems in adulthood. Information on body composition and PA is crucial for health promotion strategies and for epidemiological studies informing policies. However, there is limited data on the association between body composition and PA in Namibia. This dearth of published data is a significant shortcoming in the development of strategies and policies to promote PA in Namibia. Therefore, this cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the association between PA as a dependent variable and independent variables such as high blood pressure and body fatness as measured by different methods (gold standard deuterium dilution, body mass index, mid upper arm circumference, and waist circumference). The study included 206 healthy adolescent girls aged 13-19 years and 207 young adult females aged 20-40 years from Windhoek, Namibia. PA was measured using the PACE+ questionnaire in adolescents, and the GPAQ questionnaire was used for adults. In adolescents, only 33% of the participants met the recommended guidelines for PA, compared to only 2% for adults. Nevertheless, the study found no statistically significant association between PA and blood pressure indices (p-value < 0.05) among adolescents and adults. However, there was a significant association between PA and high body fatness (p-value < 0.001) and waist circumference (p-value = 0.014) in adolescents. Among adults, PA was significantly related to waist circumference only. In conclusion, failure to meet recommended PA guidelines is strongly associated with abdominal obesity and high body fatness. The knowledge gained from this study may be used by policymakers in the development of strategic policies and interventions aimed at promoting PA as a public priority and improving health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilde Liisa Nashandi
- School of Nursing and Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences and Veterinary Medicines, University of Namibia, Windhoek 10005, Namibia
- Physical Activity, Sport and Recreation Research Focus Area, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa;
| | - Andries Makama Monyeki
- Physical Activity, Sport and Recreation Research Focus Area, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa;
| | - John J. Reilly
- Department of Psychological Sciences and Health, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1QE, UK;
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Whatnall M, Ashton L, Patterson A, Smith J, Duncan M, Burrows T, Kay-Lambkin F, Hutchesson M. Are health behaviors associated with academic performance among tertiary education students? A systematic review of cohort studies. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2024; 72:957-969. [PMID: 35549627 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2022.2063024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association between health behaviors with academic performance among tertiary education students. METHODS Six databases were searched until July 2020 for prospective cohort studies evaluating the association between health behavior(s) (dietary intake, physical activity, sedentary behavior, alcohol intake, sleep, smoking or illicit drug use) and academic performance. RESULTS Thirty-four studies were included (18 assessed sleep, 16 alcohol intake, 12 illicit drug use, 10 physical activity, 8 diet, 4 smoking, 2 sedentary behavior). A consistent negative association with academic performance was demonstrated for sleep (12/18 studies), alcohol intake (13/16) and illicit drug use (9/12). Most (7/10) studies found no association between physical activity and academic performance. CONCLUSION Findings suggest interventions to mitigate the influence of poor sleep, high alcohol intake, and illicit drug use on academic performance may be needed. Further research of other health behaviors, along with their co-occurrence, with academic performance, is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Whatnall
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Lee Ashton
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
- School of Education, College of Human and Social Futures, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Amanda Patterson
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Jordan Smith
- School of Education, College of Human and Social Futures, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Mitch Duncan
- School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Tracy Burrows
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Frances Kay-Lambkin
- School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Melinda Hutchesson
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
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Moss S, Zhang X, Taleb ZB, Gu X. The Associations of Physical Activity and Health-Risk Behaviors toward Depressive Symptoms among College Students: Gender and Obesity Disparities. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:401. [PMID: 38673314 PMCID: PMC11050621 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21040401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Engaging in health-risk behaviors (HRBs) may be correlated with depressive symptoms among college students, but these relationships require more research. The purpose of this study was to examine the associations of physical activity levels (i.e., light [LPA] and moderate-vigorous [MVPA]) and HRBs (i.e., sedentary behavior [screen-based and non-screen-based behavior] and cigarette and e-cigarette tobacco use) with depressive symptoms in a sample of college students. Physical activity levels and HRBs were assessed through validated questionnaires. In total, 366 students participated (Mage = 22.59 ± 3.54; 60.1% female; 52.9% normal weight). E-cigarette use in males (β = 0.23, p < 0.05) and screen-based sedentary behavior in females (β = 0.14, p < 0.05) showed significant predictive utility toward depressive symptoms. In the overweight/obese group, screen-based sedentary behaviors (β = 0.19, p < 0.05) and e-cigarette use (β = 0.23, p < 0.01) showed significant predictive utility toward depressive symptoms. Females reported higher levels of depressive symptoms (Mfemale = 18.23 vs. Mmale = 14.81; η2 = 0.03) and less MVPA (Mmale = 52.83 vs. Mfemale = 41.09; η2 = 0.06) than males. Enhancing mental health by improving physical activity and eliminating HRBs should be tailored toward at-risk demographics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Moss
- Kinesiology Department, State University of New York at Cortland, Cortland, NY 13045, USA;
| | - Xiaoxia Zhang
- School of Sport Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA;
| | - Ziyad Ben Taleb
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA;
| | - Xiangli Gu
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA;
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Takács J, Deák D, Koller A. Higher level of physical activity reduces mental and neurological symptoms during and two years after COVID-19 infection in young women. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6927. [PMID: 38519586 PMCID: PMC10960016 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57646-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Previous studies found that regular physical activity (PA) can lower the risk of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) infection and post-COVID-19 condition (PCC), yet its specific effects in young women have not yet been investigated. Thus, we aimed to examine whether regular physical activity reduces the number of symptoms during and after COVID-19 infection among young women aged between 18 and 34 (N = 802), in which the confounding effect of other morbidities could be excluded. The average time since infection was 23.5 months. Participants were classified into low, moderate, and high PA categories based on the reported minutes per week of moderate and vigorous PA. Using the Post-COVID-19 Case Report Form, 50 different symptoms were assessed. Although regular PA did not decrease the prevalence of COVID-19 infection and PCC but significantly reduced the number of mental and neurological symptoms both in acute COVID-19 and PCC. Importantly, the high level of PA had a greater impact on health improvements. In addition, the rate of reinfection decreased with an increased level of PA. In conclusion, a higher level of regular PA can reduce the risk of reinfection and the number of mental and neurological symptoms in PCC underlying the importance of regular PA, even in this and likely other viral disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Takács
- Department of Social Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Darina Deák
- Department of Morphology and Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Akos Koller
- Department of Morphology and Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, HUN-REN-SE Cerebrovascular and Neurocognitive Disease Research Group, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Research Center for Sport Physiology, Hungarian University of Sports Science, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
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30
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Hassett L, McKay MJ, Cole J, Moseley AM, Chagpar S, Geerts M, Kwok WS, Jensen C, Sherrington C, Shields N. Effects of sport or physical recreation for adults with physical or intellectual disabilities: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Br J Sports Med 2024; 58:269-277. [PMID: 38129104 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2023-107123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effects of sport or physical recreation on participation, mobility and quality of life for adults living with disabilities. DESIGN Systematic review with meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES Six databases searched from inception to May 2022. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Randomised controlled trials including adults living with a physical or intellectual disability, comparing sport or physical recreation to non-active control. RESULTS Seventy-four trials (n=2954; mean age 55 years) were included. Most (70) trials included people with physical disabilities, none evaluated sport and the most common physical recreation activities tested were traditional Chinese exercise (35%), yoga (27%) and dance (18%). Mean frequency and duration was 65 min/session, two times per week for 13 weeks. Most (86%) interventions were led by people with experience and/or training in the recreation activity, and only 37% reported leader experience and/or training working with people with disabilities. Participation was measured as attendance (mean 81%, 30 intervention groups). Physical recreation improved mobility (standardised mean difference (SMD) 0.38, 95% CI 0.07 to 0.69, n=469) and walking endurance (mean difference (MD) 40.3 m, 95% CI 19.5 to 61.1, n=801) with low certainty evidence and balance (Berg Balance Scale, range 0-56 points; MD 3.4 points, 95% CI 2.3 to 4.4, n=906) and quality of life (physical health; SMD 0.37, 95% CI 0.02 to 0.72, n=468) with very low certainty evidence, but not walking speed (MD 0.03 m/s, 95% CI -0.05 to 0.11, n=486). CONCLUSION Physical recreation may confer multiple benefits for people living with disabilities regardless of the activity chosen, thus offering a potentially enjoyable and scalable strategy to increase physical activity. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42018104379.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leanne Hassett
- Sydney Musculoskeletal Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Institute for Musculoskeletal Health, The University of Sydney and Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Marnee J McKay
- Sydney School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jenni Cole
- Institute for Musculoskeletal Health, The University of Sydney and Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Anne M Moseley
- Institute for Musculoskeletal Health, The University of Sydney and Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sakina Chagpar
- Sydney Musculoskeletal Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Institute for Musculoskeletal Health, The University of Sydney and Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Minke Geerts
- Institute for Musculoskeletal Health, The University of Sydney and Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Health Sciences, Groningen University, Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wing S Kwok
- Sydney Musculoskeletal Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Institute for Musculoskeletal Health, The University of Sydney and Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Connie Jensen
- Institute for Musculoskeletal Health, The University of Sydney and Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Catherine Sherrington
- Sydney Musculoskeletal Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Institute for Musculoskeletal Health, The University of Sydney and Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nora Shields
- Olga Tennison Autism Research Centre, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Husøy A, Kolle E, Steene-Johannessen J, Dalene KE, Andersen LB, Ekelund U, Anderssen SA. Longitudinal changes in device-measured physical activity from childhood to young adulthood: the PANCS follow-up study. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2024; 21:29. [PMID: 38448922 PMCID: PMC10916240 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-024-01578-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a lack of longitudinal studies examining changes in device-measured physical activity and sedentary time from childhood to young adulthood. We aimed to assess changes in device-measured physical activity and sedentary time from childhood, through adolescence, into young adulthood in a Norwegian sample of ostensibly healthy men and women. METHODS A longitudinal cohort of 731 Norwegian boys and girls (49% girls) participated at age 9 years (2005-2006) and 15 years (2011-2012), and 258 of these participated again at age 24 years (2019-2021; including the COVID-19 pandemic period). Physical activity and sedentary time were measured using ActiGraph accelerometers. Linear mixed models were used to analyse changes in physical activity and sedentary time and whether low levels of childhood physical activity track, i.e., persist into young adulthood (nchange=721; ntracking=640). RESULTS The most prominent change occurred between the ages of 9 to 15 years, with an increase in sedentary time (150 min/day) and less time spent in light (125 min/day), moderate (16 min/day), and vigorous physical activity (8 min/day). Only smaller changes were observed between the ages of 15 and 24 years. Changes in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity from childhood to young adulthood differed between subgroups of sex, tertiles of body mass index at baseline and tertiles of peak oxygen uptake at baseline. While the tracking models indicated low absolute stability of physical activity from childhood to young adulthood, children in the lowest quartiles of moderate-to-vigorous (OR:1.88; 95%CI: 1.23, 2.86) and total physical activity (OR: 1.87; 95%CI: 1.21, 2.87) at age 9 years were almost 90% more likely to be in these quartiles at age 24 years compared to those belonging to the upper three quartiles at baseline. CONCLUSIONS We found a substantial reduction in physical activity and increase in time spent sedentary between age 9 and 15 years. Contrary to previous studies, using mainly self-reported physical activity, little change was observed between adolescence and young adulthood. The least active children were more likely to remain the least active adults and could be targeted for early intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Husøy
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Institutt for idrettsmedisinske fag, Norges idrettshøgskole, Pb 4014 Ullevål Stadion, 0806, Oslo, Norway.
| | - E Kolle
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Institutt for idrettsmedisinske fag, Norges idrettshøgskole, Pb 4014 Ullevål Stadion, 0806, Oslo, Norway
| | - J Steene-Johannessen
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Institutt for idrettsmedisinske fag, Norges idrettshøgskole, Pb 4014 Ullevål Stadion, 0806, Oslo, Norway
| | - K E Dalene
- Department of Chronic Diseases, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - L B Andersen
- Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway
| | - U Ekelund
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Institutt for idrettsmedisinske fag, Norges idrettshøgskole, Pb 4014 Ullevål Stadion, 0806, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Chronic Diseases, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - S A Anderssen
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Institutt for idrettsmedisinske fag, Norges idrettshøgskole, Pb 4014 Ullevål Stadion, 0806, Oslo, Norway
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Allcott-Watson H, Chater A, Troop N, Howlett N. A systematic review of interventions targeting physical activity and/or healthy eating behaviours in adolescents: practice and training. Health Psychol Rev 2024; 18:117-140. [PMID: 36722423 DOI: 10.1080/17437199.2023.2173631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Despite the many health benefits of physical activity (PA) and healthy eating (HE) most adolescents do not meet current guidelines which poses future health risks. This review aimed to (1) identify whether adolescent PA and HE interventions show promise at promoting behaviour change and maintenance, (2) identify which behaviour change techniques (BCTs) are associated with promising interventions, and (3) explore the optimal approaches to training deliverers of adolescent PA/HE interventions. Nine databases were searched for randomised controlled, or quasi-experimental, trials targeting 10-19 year olds, with a primary aim to increase PA/HE, measured at baseline and at least six months post-intervention, in addition to papers reporting training of deliverers of adolescent PA/HE interventions. Included were seven PA studies, three HE studies and four studies targeting both, with two training papers. For PA studies, two were promising post-intervention with two promising BCTs, and five were promising for maintenance with two promising BCTs. For HE studies, three were promising at post-intervention and four at maintenance, both with four promising BCTs. There is preliminary evidence that interventions support adolescents to improve their PA and HE behaviours over a period of at least six months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Allcott-Watson
- Department of Psychology, Sport, and Geography, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Angel Chater
- Centre for Health, Wellbeing and Behaviour Change, Institute for Sport and Physical Activity Research, University of Bedfordshire, Bedfordshire, UK
- University College London Centre for Behaviour Change, London, UK
| | - Nick Troop
- Department of Psychology, Sport, and Geography, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hertfordshire, UK
- School of Psychology, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| | - Neil Howlett
- Department of Psychology, Sport, and Geography, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hertfordshire, UK
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Murphy MH, O'Kane SM, Carlin A, Lahart IM, Doherty LC, Jago R, McDermott G, Faulkner M, Gallagher AM. Effectiveness of the Walking in ScHools (WISH) Study, a peer-led walking intervention for adolescent girls: results of a cluster randomised controlled trial. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2024; 21:19. [PMID: 38374037 PMCID: PMC10877798 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-024-01563-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most adolescent girls fail to meet current physical activity guidelines. Physical activity behaviours track from childhood into adulthood and providing adolescent girls with opportunities to be physically active may have health benefits beyond childhood. The effects of walking interventions on adult cardiometabolic health are known, however less is understood about the potential of walking to promote physical activity in adolescents. Following the Walking In ScHools (WISH) feasibility study, this definitive trial aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a novel, low-cost, school-based walking intervention at increasing physical activity levels of adolescent girls (aged 12-14 years). METHODS Female pupils were recruited from eighteen schools across the border region of Ireland and in Northern Ireland. In intervention schools (n = 9), girls aged 15-18 years, were trained as walk leaders, and led the younger pupils in 10-15 min walks before school, at break and lunch recess. All walks took place in school grounds and pupils were encouraged to participate in as many walks as possible each week. The primary outcome measure was accelerometer determined total physical activity (counts per minutes, cpm). RESULTS In total, 589 pupils were recruited to the study. At baseline, pupils engaged in a median (interquartile range (IQR)) 35.7 (21.2) mins moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) per day and only 12% (n = 66) of participants met physical activity guidelines (60 min MVPA per day). The intervention was delivered for a mean (standard deviation (SD)) 19.9 ± 0.97 weeks. The mean post-intervention total physical activity for the intervention group was 676 cpm and 710 cpm in the control group. Post-intervention total physical activity did not statistically differ between groups when adjusted for age, body mass index z-scores and baseline physical activity (mean difference, -33.5, 95% CI = -21.2 to 88.1; p = 0.213). CONCLUSIONS 'Scaling-up' physical activity interventions is challenging and despite a promising feasibility study, the results of this fully powered trial suggest that in this context, the WISH intervention did not increase device measured physical activity. Since the COVID-19 pandemic, school environments have changed and although pupils enjoyed the programme, attendance at walks was low, indicating that there is a need to better understand how to implement interventions within schools. TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN; ISRCTN12847782; Registered 2nd July 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie H Murphy
- Centre for Exercise Medicine, Physical Activity and Health, Sports and Exercise Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Belfast, BT15 1ED, UK
- Physical Activity for Health Research Centre (PHARC), Institute for Sport, Physical Education and Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9YL, UK
| | - S Maria O'Kane
- Centre for Exercise Medicine, Physical Activity and Health, Sports and Exercise Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Belfast, BT15 1ED, UK.
- Institute of Nursing and Health Research, Ulster University, Derry/Londonderry, BT48 7JL, UK.
| | - Angela Carlin
- Centre for Exercise Medicine, Physical Activity and Health, Sports and Exercise Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Belfast, BT15 1ED, UK
| | - Ian M Lahart
- Faculty of Education, Health and Wellbeing, University of Wolverhampton, Walsall, WS1 3BD, UK
| | - Leanne C Doherty
- Centre for Exercise Medicine, Physical Activity and Health, Sports and Exercise Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Belfast, BT15 1ED, UK
| | - Russell Jago
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2PL, UK
| | - Gary McDermott
- Centre for Exercise Medicine, Physical Activity and Health, Sports and Exercise Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Belfast, BT15 1ED, UK
| | - Maria Faulkner
- Sports Lab North West, Atlantic Technological University, Letterkenny, Ireland
| | - Alison M Gallagher
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Coleraine, BT52 1SA, UK
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Lev-Arey D, Gutman T, Levental O. Empowering Movement: Enhancing Young Adults' Physical Activity through Self-Determination Theory and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy-Based Intervention. Behav Sci (Basel) 2024; 14:130. [PMID: 38392483 PMCID: PMC10885898 DOI: 10.3390/bs14020130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of a combined Self-Determination Theory (SDT) and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) intervention, the "Running Minds" program, in promoting physical activity (PA) among young adults. METHODS The intervention, consisting of eight sessions, targeted motivational and psychological barriers to PA. It intertwined SDT's core components (autonomy, competence, relatedness) with ACT's emphasis on mindfulness and value-driven actions. This study used a qualitative approach, collecting data through semi-structured interviews with twelve participants aged 20-35, conducted post-intervention. RESULTS Our reflexive thematic analysis of the interviews revealed five key themes: alignment with personal values, rewarding experience of the sessions, fulfillment of social connectedness, enhancement of both intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, and observable behavioral changes. These findings highlight the importance of aligning exercise with personal values and the role of supportive social environments in sustaining PA. CONCLUSIONS The integration of SDT and ACT in the "Running Minds" program appears to be a viable approach for enhancing motivation and adherence to PA among young adults. This study offers valuable insights for future PA interventions, underscoring the need for strategies that consider psychological and social dimensions. Limitations and Future Research: Despite the promising results, limitations include potential recall bias and the short duration of the study. Further research, especially focusing on more diverse groups and employing longitudinal designs, is recommended to broaden and substantiate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalit Lev-Arey
- Department of Psychology, The Academic College of Tel Aviv-Yaffo, Rabenu Yerucham, 2, Tel Avi Yaffo 6816811, Israel
| | - Tomer Gutman
- Department of Psychology, The Academic College of Tel Aviv-Yaffo, Rabenu Yerucham, 2, Tel Avi Yaffo 6816811, Israel
| | - Orr Levental
- Department of Physical Education, Tel Hai Academic College, Upper Galilee 1220800, Israel
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Nightingale S, Fanning J, Robison J. Bi-directional relationships between physical activity and stress in college aged students: a brief report. J Behav Med 2024; 47:153-159. [PMID: 37306858 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-023-00421-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Young adults entering college are exposed to new and ever-changing stressors that powerfully affect health and academic achievement. While engaging in physical activity can help to manage the experience of stress, stress itself is an important barrier to activity. The purpose of this study is to examine the bidirectional relationships between physical activity and momentary stress among college students. We further examined whether these relationships were modified by trait mindfulness. Undergraduate students (N = 61) completed a single measure of trait mindfulness and up to 6 daily ecological momentary assessments of stress for one week while wearing an ActivPAL accelerometer. Activity variables were aggregated in the 30, 60, and 90 min before and following each stress survey. Multilevel models revealed significant negative relationships between stress ratings and total volume of activity both preceding and following the survey. Mindfulness did not modify these relationships but was independently and negatively related to momentary reports of stress. These results underscore the importance of developing activity programming for college students that addresses stress as a powerful and dynamic barrier to behavior change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Nightingale
- Department of Health and Exercise Sciences, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
| | - Jason Fanning
- Department of Health and Exercise Sciences, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Justin Robison
- Department of Health and Exercise Sciences, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
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Courtney JB, West AB, Russell MA, Almeida DM, Conroy DE. College Students' Day-to-Day Maladaptive Drinking Responses to Stress Severity and Stressor-Related Guilt and Anger. Ann Behav Med 2024; 58:131-143. [PMID: 37963585 DOI: 10.1093/abm/kaad065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stress is a common part of college students' daily lives that may influence their physical activity (PA) and alcohol use. Understanding features of daily stress processes that predict health behaviors could help identify targets for just-in-time interventions. PURPOSE This study used intensive longitudinal data to examine whether prior day stress processes predict current day PA or alcohol use. METHODS Participants (N=58, Mage=20.5, 59% women, 70% White) were 18-to-25-year-old students who engaged in binge drinking at least twice monthly and used cannabis or tobacco in the past year. They wore activity (activPAL4) and alcohol (Secure Continuous Remote Alcohol Monitor) monitors for 11 days to assess daily PA (e.g., step counts) and alcohol use (e.g., drinking day), and completed daily surveys about yesterday's stress, including number of stressors (i.e., frequency), stressor intensity (i.e., severity), and frequency of affective states (e.g., guilt). Multilevel models examined prior day stress predicting current day PA or alcohol use. RESULTS Participants had higher odds of current day drinking (odds ratio=1.21) and greater area under the curve (B=0.08) when they experienced greater than usual stress severity the prior day. Participants had higher current day peak transdermal alcohol concentration (B=0.12) and area under the curve (B=0.11) when they more frequently experienced guilt due to stressors the prior day. CONCLUSIONS College students' unhealthy response of increasing alcohol use due to stress could adversely impact health outcomes. There is a critical need for interventions addressing students' ability to effectively manage and respond to the stress-inducing, daily demands of student life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimikaye B Courtney
- Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Edna Bennett Pierce Prevention Research Center, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Ashley B West
- Lirio, LLC, Knoxville and Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Kinesiology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Michael A Russell
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - David M Almeida
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - David E Conroy
- Department of Kinesiology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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Kekäläinen T, Pulkka AT, Kyröläinen H, Ojanen T, Helén J, Pihlainen K, Heikkinen R, Vaara JP. Exercise self-efficacy remains unaltered during military service. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1307979. [PMID: 38348257 PMCID: PMC10859872 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1307979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Exercise self-efficacy is a crucial aspect of adopting and maintaining a physically active lifestyle. Regular physical activity may enhance exercise self-efficacy. This study aimed to investigate the baseline associations of physical fitness, physical activity, and body composition with exercise self-efficacy and the effects of military service on exercise self-efficacy. Methods: The sample consisted of healthy young Finnish conscripts (n = 243) undergoing military service. The participants were divided into two groups: an intervention group undergoing a high-intensity functional training program (n = 113) and a control group undergoing traditional physical training within their military service (n = 130). Exercise self-efficacy (adoption and barrier) and aerobic and muscular fitness were measured thrice (baseline, month 3, and month 5). Self-reported leisure-time physical activity and measured fat percentage were collected at baseline. Results Adoption and barrier exercise self-efficacy correlated positively with aerobic and muscular fitness and leisure time physical activity (r = 0.33-0.59, p < 0.001), and barrier self-efficacy negatively with fat percentage (r = -0.15, p < 0.05) at baseline. No changes in adoption (time p = 0.912) and barrier self-efficacy (time p = 0.441) occurred during the military service. There were no differences between groups in these changes (group × time interaction p = 0.643 for adoption self-efficacy and p = 0.872 for barrier self-efficacy). Change in muscular fitness correlated positively with change in barrier self-efficacy in the high-intensity functional training group (r = 0.35, p < 0.05). Conclusions: Exercise self-efficacy is positively associated with physical fitness and physical activity among young males. However, military service, whether it involves high-intensity functional physical training or more diverse traditional physical training, does not improve exercise self-efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiia Kekäläinen
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Antti-Tuomas Pulkka
- Department of Leadership and Military Pedagogy, National Defence University, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heikki Kyröläinen
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
- Department of Leadership and Military Pedagogy, National Defence University, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tommi Ojanen
- Human Performance Division, Finnish Defence Research Agency, Tuusula, Finland
| | - Joonas Helén
- Department of Leadership and Military Pedagogy, National Defence University, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kai Pihlainen
- Training Division, Defence Command, Finnish Defence Forces, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Risto Heikkinen
- Statistical Analysis Services, Analyysitoimisto Statisti Oy, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Jani P. Vaara
- Department of Leadership and Military Pedagogy, National Defence University, Helsinki, Finland
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Alshallal AD, Alliott O, Brage S, van Sluijs EMF, Wilkinson P, Corder K, Winpenny EM. Total and temporal patterning of physical activity in adolescents and associations with mental wellbeing. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2024; 21:5. [PMID: 38191365 PMCID: PMC10775671 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-023-01553-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is limited understanding of the extent to which differences in physical activity across the day and week may be associated with mental wellbeing. Such an understanding is needed for better targeting of interventions. In this study, we describe total and temporal patterning of physical activity across the week in adolescents (age 13-14y) and assess their prospective associations with mental wellbeing. METHODS 1,983 13-14-year-old adolescent participants based in Cambridgeshire and Essex, recruited between 2016 and 2017 into the Get Others Active Trial provided data at baseline and 4 months. Physical activity was measured at baseline using wrist-worn accelerometers across different time segments (whole week, weekday schooltime, weekday out of school, and weekend), and operationalized as average movement-related acceleration for each time segment. Mental Wellbeing at baseline and 4 months was measured using the Warwick Edinburgh MentalWellbeing Scale. Associations between physical activity across different time segments (whole week, weekday schooltime, weekday out of school, and weekend) and mental wellbeing at 4 months were investigated using sex-stratified multi-level regression models, adjusted for covariates, and both adjusted and unadjusted for baseline mental wellbeing. RESULTS Our analyses found positive associations between physical activity and mental wellbeing at 4 months, unadjusted for baseline wellbeing. Among girls, positive associations were shown when considering physical activity across the whole week 0.07 (95% CI, 0.03-0.12), and across all separate time periods studied: weekday schooltime 0.07 (95% CI, 0.02-0.11), weekday out-of-school time 0.07 (95% CI, 0.03-0.12), and weekend 0.07 (95% CI, 0.02-0.11). For boys, similar associations were observed for activity across the week 0.07 (95% CI, 0.03-0.11), during weekday schooltime 0.08 (95% CI, 0.04-0.12), and weekday out-of-school time 0.07 (95% CI, 0.03-0.11), but not the weekend 0.01 (95% CI, -0.03-0.05). For both girls and boys, associations were attenuated below significance after adjusting for baseline wellbeing. CONCLUSIONS This longitudinal analysis showed positive associations between physical activity and later mental wellbeing in both male and female adolescents across most time segments. Higher physical activity throughout the week may be associated with better mental wellbeing in the adolescent population. Further research is required to understand determinants of change in wellbeing over time. TRIAL REGISTRATION Registration Number: ISRCTN31583496. Registered: 18/02/2014.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Olivia Alliott
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Soren Brage
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Paul Wilkinson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kirsten Corder
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Yari-Boroujeni R, Farjad MF, Olazadeh K, Cheraghi L, Parvin P, Azizi F, Amiri P. The association between leisure-time physical activity and blood pressure changes from adolescence to young adulthood: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20965. [PMID: 38017282 PMCID: PMC10684687 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48253-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The effectiveness of long-term leisure time physical activity (LTPA) on blood pressure (BP) changes is still under debate. Since adolescence lifestyle behaviors shape the adulthood health profile, this study aimed to investigate the sex-specific impact of LTPA on BP changes from adolescence to young adulthood. This longitudinal study uses the data of 1412 adolescents (52% females) aged 12-18 years through a median follow-up of 12.2 years in the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS) framework. LTPA was calculated using the reliable and valid Iranian version of the modified activity scale (MAQ), and BP was measured at least twice by trained physicians. The linear mixed model was used to examine the study variables, considering individual and intrapersonal differences during the study. The majority of participants consistently demonstrated insufficient LTPA throughout the follow-up assessments, ranging from 54.7 to 67.1% for males and 77.7-83.4% for females. Despite a declining trend in LTPA (β = - 2.77 for males and β = - 1.43 for females), an increasing trend was noticeable in SBP, DBP, and BMI (β = 1.38, β = 1.81, β = 0.97 for males, and β = 0.10, β = 0.20, β = 0.97 for females, respectively). The unadjusted model revealed a significant trend in all variables for both sexes, except for female BP (P = 0.45 for SBP and P = 0.83 for DBP). Using the adjusted model, no significant association was observed between LTPA and changes in BP over time in both sexes. Our study indicates no association between LTPA and BP changes from adolescence to young adulthood. Insufficient LTPA levels, particularly among Iranian females, are likely the primary factor. Further research is crucial to identify appropriate LTPA levels to promote cardiovascular health and implement targeted interventions to achieve optimal LTPA levels in the Iranian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Yari-Boroujeni
- Research Center for Social Determinants of Health, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O.Box: 19395-4763, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Farid Farjad
- Research Center for Social Determinants of Health, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O.Box: 19395-4763, Tehran, Iran
| | - Keyvan Olazadeh
- Research Center for Social Determinants of Health, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O.Box: 19395-4763, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Cheraghi
- Research Center for Social Determinants of Health, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O.Box: 19395-4763, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parnian Parvin
- Research Center for Social Determinants of Health, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O.Box: 19395-4763, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereidoun Azizi
- Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Endocrine Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parisa Amiri
- Research Center for Social Determinants of Health, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O.Box: 19395-4763, Tehran, Iran.
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Rad RE, Hosseini Z, Mohseni S, Mohammadi M, Nikparvar M, Aghamolaei T. Design, implementation and evaluation of an intervention based on a social cognitive theory of physical activity and nutritional behaviors in middle-aged people at the risk of coronary artery disease in Bandar Abbas: A study protocol. JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND HEALTH PROMOTION 2023; 12:401. [PMID: 38333147 PMCID: PMC10852192 DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_1364_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the most common cardiovascular disease (CVD) and the main cause of mortality in developed and developing countries. Physical activity and nutritional behaviors are modifiable factors in people at the risk of CAD and its risk factors; thus, the present study aimed to design, implement, and evaluate an intervention based on the social cognitive theory for physical activity and nutritional behaviors in the middle-aged population at the risk of CAD residing in Bandar Abbas city. MATERIALS AND METHODS The present study will be conducted in three phases: qualitative, cross-sectional, and community-based intervention. The middle-aged population with less than 150 minutes of physical activity a week with at least one other risk factor of CAD (hyperlipidemia, hypertension, diabetes, overweight and obesity, smoking) will be included in the study. In the qualitative phase of study, the participants will be selected with maximum diversity and with the aim of obtaining comprehensive information to clarify the nature and dimensions of the phenomenon in question. The cross-sectional phase aimed to determine the intensity of physical activity and nutritional behaviors. By analyzing the data obtained from the cross-sectional phase, the most important constructs of the social-cognitive theory in physical activity and nutritional behaviors will be determined, and accordingly, an effective intervention will be designed. The third phase of the pre-test-post-test intervention study will include a randomized control group. The interventions will be a combination of face-to-face meetings and the use of educational technologies. Individuals in the control group will not undergo the educational intervention. Those in the intervention group will be evaluated in two phases (before the implementation of the intervention, and 3 months after the intervention). CONCLUSION The findings of the present study can be used as a strategic plan to help policy makers to strengthen CVD prevention and management alternatives to include physical activity and nutritional behavior as part of their preventive measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roghayeh Ezati Rad
- Research Committee, Faculty of Health, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Zahra Hosseini
- Department of Health Promotion and Education, Social Determinants in Health Promotion Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Shokrollah Mohseni
- Social Determinants in Health Promotion Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mohammadi
- Department of Community Medicine, Food Health Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Marzieh Nikparvar
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Teamur Aghamolaei
- Department of Health Promotion and Education, Cardiovascular Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
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Aira T, Vasankari T, Heinonen OJ, Korpelainen R, Kotkajuuri J, Parkkari J, Savonen K, Toivo K, Uusitalo A, Valtonen M, Villberg J, Vähä-Ypyä H, Kokko SP. Psychosocial and health behavioural characteristics of longitudinal physical activity patterns: a cohort study from adolescence to young adulthood. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:2156. [PMID: 37924075 PMCID: PMC10625285 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-17122-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The decline in physical activity (PA) during adolescence is well-established. However, while some subgroups of adolescents follow the general pattern of decreased activity, others increase or maintain high or low activity. The correlates and determinants of different PA patterns may vary, offering valuable information for targeted health promotion. This study aimed to examine how psychosocial factors, health behaviours, and PA domains are associated with longitudinal PA patterns from adolescence to young adulthood. METHODS This prospective study encompassed 254 participants measured at mean ages 15 and 19. Device-measured moderate-to-vigorous PA was grouped into five patterns (activity maintainers, inactivity maintainers, decreasers from moderate to low PA, decreasers from high to moderate PA, increasers) via a data-driven method, K-Means for longitudinal data. Multinomial logistic regression was used to analyse the associations between health behaviours, psychosocial factors, PA domains, and different PA patterns. RESULTS A lack of sports club participation characterised inactivity maintainers throughout adolescence. Difficulties in communicating with one's father at age 15 were associated with higher odds of belonging to inactivity maintainers and to decreasers from moderate to low PA. Lower fruit and vegetable consumption at age 19 was also related to increased odds of belonging to the groups of inactivity maintainers and decreasers from moderate to low PA. Smoking at age 19 was associated with being a decreaser from moderate to low PA. CONCLUSIONS Diverse factors characterise longitudinal PA patterns over the transition to young adulthood. Sports club participation contributes to maintained PA. Moreover, a father-adolescent relationship that supports open communication may be one determinant for sustained PA during adolescence. A healthier diet and non-smoking as a young adult are associated with more favourable PA development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuula Aira
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Research Centre for Health Promotion, University of Jyväskylä, PL 35, Jyväskylä, FI-40014, Finland.
| | - Tommi Vasankari
- UKK Institute of Health Promotion Research, Kaupinpuistonkatu 1, FI-33500, Tampere, Tampere, Finland
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Olli J Heinonen
- Paavo Nurmi Centre & Unit for Health and Physical Activity, University of Turku, Kiinamyllykatu 10, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Raija Korpelainen
- Medical Research Center (MRC), University of Oulu and University Hospital of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Oulu Deaconess Institute Foundation sr, P.O. Box 365, FI-90101, Oulu, Finland
- Research Unit of Population Health, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jimi Kotkajuuri
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Jari Parkkari
- Tampere Research Center of Sports Medicine, Kaupinpuistonkatu 1, FI-33500, Tampere, Finland
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, PL 35, FI-40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Kai Savonen
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Haapaniementie 16, FI-70100, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kerttu Toivo
- Tampere Research Center of Sports Medicine, Kaupinpuistonkatu 1, FI-33500, Tampere, Finland
| | - Arja Uusitalo
- Clinic for Sports and Exercise Medicine, Foundation for Sports and Exercise Medicine, Mäkelänkatu 47, FI-00550, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Sports and Exercise Medicine, University of Helsinki, Clinicum, Finland
| | - Maarit Valtonen
- Finnish Institute for High Performance Sport KIHU, Jyväskylä Finland, Rautpohjankatu 6, FI-40700, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Jari Villberg
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Research Centre for Health Promotion, University of Jyväskylä, PL 35, Jyväskylä, FI-40014, Finland
| | - Henri Vähä-Ypyä
- UKK Institute of Health Promotion Research, Kaupinpuistonkatu 1, FI-33500, Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Sami P Kokko
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Research Centre for Health Promotion, University of Jyväskylä, PL 35, Jyväskylä, FI-40014, Finland
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Abstract
Physical inactivity is a global challenge that necessitates early intervention during childhood. Schools are positioned to make a significant impact on children's current and future physical activity behavior, but numerous barriers hinder the implementation and sustainability of school-based physical activity opportunities. The purpose of this invited article is to provide an overview of the comprehensive school physical activity program (CSPAP) as a concept, framework, and promising approach to institutionalizing physical activity within the school environment. Despite the availability of numerous published reviews on the topic, a broad, up-to-date panorama of the CSPAP literature that encompasses and consolidates historical, conceptual, empirical, and practical perspectives is currently lacking. Contained within this article is an explanation of the public health context that undergirds the CSPAP concept, a historical perspective of the concept's origins and evolution, examples of CSPAP research, recommendations for advancing the knowledge base, and evidence-informed frameworks and principles for professional practice.
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Sanz-Martín D, Zurita-Ortega F, Puertas-Molero P, Caracuel-Cáliz R, Alonso-Vargas JM, Melguizo-Ibáñez E. Relationship between Physical Activity, Mediterranean Diet and Emotional Intelligence in Spanish Primary Education Students. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1663. [PMID: 37892326 PMCID: PMC10605588 DOI: 10.3390/children10101663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
There is an international social concern about the low levels of physical activity among young people. It is essential to know what factors influence the practice of physical activity in order to design effective proposals for health promotion. The study aims to: (1) classify primary school students according to their levels of out-of-school physical activity, Mediterranean diet, emotional attention, emotional clarity and emotional repair; (2) analyse descriptively and correlationally the adolescents' profiles of out-of-school physical activity, Mediterranean diet and emotional attention, clarity and repair. The study design was cross-sectional and descriptive-correlational. The sample consisted of 293 children aged 10-12 years in Granada (Spain). An ad hoc socio-academic questionnaire, the KIDMED test and the Trait Meta-Mood Scale (TMMS-24) were used for data collection. Four clusters were identified by the Ward's method and participants were classified using the K-means method. Subsequently, cluster classification was validated through the MANOVA test (F (861) = 106.12; p ≤ 0.001; f = 1.95). The strongest correlation was obtained in cluster 1 between emotional clarity and emotional repair (r = 0.56; p ≤ 0.01). In conclusion, the mean values of time spent in out-of-school physical activity, Mediterranean diet, emotional attention, emotional clarity and emotional repair of students are adequate and vary according to sex. There are significant differences among the physical activity levels of all clusters, as well as among the emotional variables of attention, clarity and repair. In addition, the correlations between the variables studied vary in each cluster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Sanz-Martín
- Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Universidad Isabel I, 09003 Burgos, Spain;
| | - Félix Zurita-Ortega
- Department of Didactics Musical, Plastic and Corporal Expression, Faculty of Education Science, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (P.P.-M.); (J.M.A.-V.); (E.M.-I.)
| | - Pilar Puertas-Molero
- Department of Didactics Musical, Plastic and Corporal Expression, Faculty of Education Science, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (P.P.-M.); (J.M.A.-V.); (E.M.-I.)
| | - Rafael Caracuel-Cáliz
- Department of Education, University of Almeria, 04120 Almeria, Spain;
- Faculty of Education Science, Universidad Internacional de Valencia (VIU), 46002 Valencia, Spain
| | - José Manuel Alonso-Vargas
- Department of Didactics Musical, Plastic and Corporal Expression, Faculty of Education Science, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (P.P.-M.); (J.M.A.-V.); (E.M.-I.)
| | - Eduardo Melguizo-Ibáñez
- Department of Didactics Musical, Plastic and Corporal Expression, Faculty of Education Science, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (P.P.-M.); (J.M.A.-V.); (E.M.-I.)
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Steward IP, Young ES, Dogra SA, Stamp E, Daly-Smith A, Siddique K, Morgan K, Crowther J, Hall J. How to develop young physical activity leaders? A Delphi study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0286920. [PMID: 37773961 PMCID: PMC10540972 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The International Society for Physical Activity and Health advocates for increased capability of the physical activity workforce as a key ingredient to a system-based approach. Young leader programmes are gaining traction globally as peers are a primary influence on young people and positive role models are important for increasing or maintaining physical activity. Yet, there is limited understanding of 'what works' for training young physical activity leaders. This study aims to develop a consensus on how to identify and support young people to become physical activity leaders. An iterative three-phased mixed methods Delphi consensus approach. A rapid review focused on the feasibility, acceptability and impact of existing young leader physical activity training (phase one); focus groups (n = 3) and interviews (n = 6) with 15 practitioners and young leaders to examine young physical activity leader training needs (phase two); and a three-round questionnaire process (phase three). Stakeholders (n = 43) from across the public, voluntary and education sectors, academics and young leaders completed all questionnaires. A consensus was reached for 75 statements related to: young leader traits prior to and following training, recruitment methods, training content, delivery format and context, relationships, incentives, and skill development. The Delphi process, combining insight from multi-sectoral stakeholders, identified a range of factors that underpin young leader training programmes. These factors should be applied to develop a curriculum and comprehensive training programme to provide young leaders with the required capability to be effective within their roles, and ultimately support an increase in physical activity amongst children and young people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isobel P Steward
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - Emma S Young
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Bradford, United Kingdom
- Faculties of Life Sciences and Health Studies, University of Bradford, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - Sufyan Abid Dogra
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth Stamp
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Andy Daly-Smith
- Faculties of Life Sciences and Health Studies, University of Bradford, Bradford, United Kingdom
- Centre for Applied Education Research, Wolfson Centre for Applied Health Research, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Bradford, West Yorkshire, United Kingdom
| | - Kammy Siddique
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - Kelly Morgan
- Centre for Development, Evaluation, Complexity and Implementation in Public Health Improvement (DECIPHer), Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Jamie Crowther
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer Hall
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Bradford, United Kingdom
- Faculties of Life Sciences and Health Studies, University of Bradford, Bradford, United Kingdom
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Bilic A, Burns RD, Bai Y, Brusseau TA, Lucero JE, King Jensen JL. Preliminary Efficacy of a Multi-Behavioral Zoom-Based Peer Health Coaching Intervention in Young Adults: A Stepped Wedge Randomized Controlled Trial. CYBERPSYCHOLOGY, BEHAVIOR AND SOCIAL NETWORKING 2023; 26:698-705. [PMID: 37433189 DOI: 10.1089/cyber.2022.0365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to test the preliminary efficacy of a Zoom-based peer coaching intervention on health and risk behaviors in young adults. A convenience sample of young adults was recruited from one U.S. university (N = 89; 73.0 percent female). Participants were randomized to one of two coaching session sequences within the framework of a stepped wedge randomized controlled trial. One experimental sequence received a control condition and a single coaching session, and the second sequence received two sessions. The intervention was a 1-hour program delivered by peer health coaches in a one-on-one setting on Zoom. The program consisted of a behavior image screen, a consultation, and goal planning. Behavioral assessments were completed after each condition. Mixed-effects models were employed to test for behavior differences after coaching sessions compared with the control condition (no coaching session) adjusting for baseline scores. Participants reported significantly higher levels of vigorous physical activity (b = 750 metabolic equivalent of task minutes, p < 0.001), a lower frequency of e-cigarette use (b = -2.1 days; p < 0.001), and a lower risk of e-cigarette susceptibility after two sessions (relative risk = 0.04, p = 0.05), and higher odds of using stress reduction techniques after one session (odds ratio = 1.4, p = 0.04). A nonsignificant trend was observed for longer weekday sleep (b = 0.4 h/night, p = 0.11) after two coaching sessions. The Zoom-based peer health coaching intervention may be an efficient way to improve vigorous physical activity, lower e-cigarette use and susceptibility, and facilitate the use of stress reduction techniques in young adults. The results observed from this preliminary study warrants further investigation using powered effectiveness trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Bilic
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Ryan D Burns
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Yang Bai
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Timothy A Brusseau
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Julie E Lucero
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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Cao J, Wang K, Shi Y, Pan Y, Lyu M, Ji Y. The associations between social support change and physical activity trajectory from late adolescence to young adulthood. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1496. [PMID: 37544980 PMCID: PMC10405443 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16422-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research examined the associations between social support and physical activity. However, little is known about the associations between social support change and trajectories of physical activity during the transition from late adolescence to young adulthood. METHODS The current study sought to examine these issues among 434 Chinese college students (Mage = 19.15, SDage = 0.61; 46.1% male), who completed questionnaires regarding demographics, physical activity, family support change, and peer support change across three waves (the data from one of the waves was retrospective). RESULTS After controlling for covariates, the findings revealed that: (a) there was an increase in overall physical activity and duration, but a decrease in frequency during the transition from late adolescence (the second year of high school) to young adulthood (the third year of college); (b) family support change did not contribute to trajectories of physical activity, while peer support change significantly predicted the trajectory of overall physical activity, duration, and frequency. CONCLUSIONS The findings extend the literature on physical activity from a developmental perspective by revealing different trends among physical activity duration and frequency, and unpacking different effects of family and peer support change on trajectories of physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Cao
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Education, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Education, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - YuHui Shi
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Education, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - YuQing Pan
- Department of Disease Control and Prevention, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - MoHan Lyu
- Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, 2006, Australia
| | - Ying Ji
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Education, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
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Arlinghaus KR, Hahn SL, Larson N, Eisenberg ME, Berge JM, Neumark-Sztainer D. Helicopter Parenting Among Socio-Economically and Ethnically/Racially Diverse Emerging Adults: Associations with Weight-Related Behaviors. EMERGING ADULTHOOD (PRINT) 2023; 11:909-922. [PMID: 38617057 PMCID: PMC11013951 DOI: 10.1177/21676968231171317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Helicopter parenting, a parenting style defined by over-involvement, may lead to poor health outcomes. However, research has primarily focused on children and adolescents from White, high socio-economic families, with little research examining weight-related health or with emerging adult children. The current study examined associations with emerging adult diet, physical activity, and body mass index (BMI) among a diverse population-based sample of parent and emerging adult dyads (n = 919). Helicopter parenting was highest among lower socioeconomic households and those identifying as Black, Indigenous, or people of color. Helicopter parenting was associated with both healthy and less healthy dietary behaviors across ethnic/racial groups, but was not associated with physical activity or BMI. Greater consideration of the cultural context related to helicopter parenting is needed before making conclusions about its benefits or harms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine R. Arlinghaus
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Samantha L. Hahn
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Health, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Central Michigan University College of Medicine, Mount Pleasant, MI, USA
| | - Nicole Larson
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Marla E. Eisenberg
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jerica M. Berge
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Dianne Neumark-Sztainer
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Cao J, Wang K, Shi Y, Pan Y, Lyu M, Ji Y, Zhang Y. Effects of personal and interpersonal factors on changes of food choices and physical activity among college students. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0288489. [PMID: 37440487 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health behaviors developed in the college years tend to persist in adulthood. However, distinct changing patterns of food choices and physical activity (PA) and their predictors are still less clear among college students. The current study sought to explore changes of food choices and PA, as well as the effects of personal and interpersonal factors. METHOD Two-wave longitudinal data was collected from a sample of 431 Chinese college students (Mean baseline age = 19.15 ± 0.61 years; 45.7% male). A validated self-reported food frequency questionnaire was used to assess the frequency of food choices. The Chinese revised version of physical activity rating scale was used to assess physical activity. Latent profile analysis, latent transition analysis, and multinomial logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the data. RESULTS Two profiles of food choices, i.e., Avoiding staples (5.1% at Time 1) and Varied diet (94.9% at Time 1), were identified at both timepoints. 90.9% remained the same profiles over time, 63.6% participants in the Avoiding staples profile shifted to the Varied diet profile, and only 6.3% of those in the Varied diet profile shifted to the Avoiding staples profile. Negative body shape-related belief was related to the translation from the Varied diet profile to the Avoiding staples profile. Further, four profiles of PA, i.e., Inactives (51.0% at Time 1), Low activies (26.0% at Time 1), Moderate activies (15.3% at Time 1), and Activies (7.7% at Time 1), were identified at both timepoints. 50.8% remained the same profiles over time, 38.6% Inactivies shifted to the other profiles, and 48.5% Activies shifted to the other profiles over time. Participants with higher self-efficacy showed an increase in PA over time, and those with lower self-efficacy and lower peer support showed a decrease in PA over time. CONCLUSIONS Overall, most of college students remained the same food choices profiles, and body shape-related belief contributed to changes in food choices profiles. About half of college students experienced changes in PA, and the predictors of such changes were peer support and self-efficacy. The findings extend the understanding of the personal and interpersonal predictors of health behaviors among college students from a dynamic perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Cao
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Education, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Education, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - YuHui Shi
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Education, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - YuQing Pan
- Department of Disease Control and Prevention, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - MoHan Lyu
- Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ying Ji
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Education, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Beijing Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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49
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Goodman BD, Streetman AE, Mailey EL, Rosenkranz RR, Heinrich KM. Differences in physical activity behaviors between university women from metropolitan, micropolitan, and rural areas. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023:1-6. [PMID: 37399528 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2023.2227714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Rural and emerging adult women report low physical activity (PA) levels. This study identified differences in current self-reported PA levels and perceived resources among US university women from metropolitan, micropolitan, and rural areas. Participants: Women were ages 18-24 y, full-time students who attended in-person university classes before COVID-19. Methods: They completed an online cross-sectional survey between July-September 2020 collecting demographic, university PA (via IPAQ), and perceived PA resource data. Results: Most participants reported metropolitan area high school (70.4%) and university (92.3%) attendance. Metropolitan participants did less job-related moderate PA during university (0.0 (0.0-360.0) MET-min) than rural (160.0 (0.0-1320.0) MET-min) participants. Metropolitan and micropolitan participants identified more high school community and natural resources than rural participants. Rural participants identified more university campus and community resources than metropolitan participants. Conclusions: University women reported similar levels of PA regardless of the rurality of their high school community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blake D Goodman
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - Aspen E Streetman
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - Emily L Mailey
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - Richard R Rosenkranz
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
| | - Katie M Heinrich
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
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50
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Mathisen FKS, Kristensen SM, Falco C, Wold B. Adolescent determinants of life-course leisure-time vigorous physical activity trajectories: a 27-Year longitudinal study. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1258. [PMID: 37380945 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16191-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescence is regarded as formative years for building the foundations for life-long health and well-being, and adolescent determinants of physical activity (PA) development is particularly interesting. Novel approaches for the study of PA development, such as group-based trajectory modelling, opens for the possibility of identifying different patterns in the relationship among several known determinants of PA. This study aimed to explore how demographic, psychological and social factors in early adolescence determine membership in four distinct leisure-time vigorous physical activity (LVPA) trajectories from 13 to 40 years. METHODS This study is based on data from the Norwegian Longitudinal Health Behaviour Study, following a cohort born in 1977 from Western Norway. Four trajectories identified using latent class growth analysis, based on self-reposted LVPA (n = 1103, 45.5% women) measured ten times from age 13 to age 40 and 17 different adolescent determinants, were used in a multivariate multinomial logistic regression. RESULTS We found that gender (male), VPA intentions the next year and athletic identity associated with belonging to the two trajectories reporting the highest levels of LVPA in adolescence, while VPA intentions in ten years were associated with belonging to the active trajectory compared to the decreasingly active and low active trajectories Enjoyment increased the odds of belonging to the increasingly and decreasingly active trajectories compared to the low active trajectory. In addition, two of the social determinants, mother's PA and emotional support from father, were associated with belonging to the increasingly active trajectory when compared to the low active trajectory. Higher family income increased the odds of belonging to the increasingly active compared to the decreasingly active trajectory. CONCLUSIONS Both demographic, psychological, and social factors were identified as determinants of LVPA trajectory membership, and the findings support previous research related to the importance of intentions, but also indicate that enjoyment, role modelling and emotional support in PA can be of great importance to LVPA promotion among adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Coral Falco
- Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway
| | - Bente Wold
- Department of Health Promotion and Development, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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