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Ramos CDO, Sant'Ana MR, Gonçalves GR, Rios TDS, Nakandakari SCBR, Burger B, Fernandes LGR, Zollner RDL, de Oliveira AN, Ramos RC, da Silva ASR, Pauli JR, de Moura LP, Ropelle ER, Mansour E, Cintra DE. The Effects of High-Fat Diet and Flaxseed Oil-Enriched Diet on the Lung Parenchyma of Obese Mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2024:e2300050. [PMID: 39205544 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Omega-3 (ω3) fatty acids are widely investigated for their anti-inflammatory potential, however, there is little evidence regarding their action in the lung parenchyma in the context of obesity. The objective is to investigate the effects of flaxseed oil (FS), rich in α-linolenic (C18:3 - ω3), on the lungs of obese mice. Mice were fed a high-fat diet (HF) for 8 weeks to induce obesity. Subsequently, a part of these animals received HF containing FS oil for another 8 weeks. The HF consumption induced weight gain and hyperglycemia. The lung parenchyma shows a complete fatty acids profile, compared to the control group (CT). In the lung parenchyma, FS increases the ω3 content and, notwithstanding a reduction in the interleukins (IL) IL1β and IL18 contents compared to HF. However, FS promoted increased alveolar spaces, followed by MCP1 (Monocytes Chemoattractant Protein-1) positive cell infiltration and a dramatic reduction in the anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL10. Despite reducing the pulmonary inflammatory response, the consumption of a food source of ω3 was associated with alterations in the lipid profile and histoarchitecture of the lung parenchyma, which can lead to the development of pulmonary complications. This study brings an alert against the indiscriminate use of ω3 supplements, warranting caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila de Oliveira Ramos
- Nutritional Genomics Laboratory, LabGeN, School of Applied Sciences, UNICAMP, São Paulo, 13484-350, Brazil
| | - Marcella Ramos Sant'Ana
- Nutritional Genomics Laboratory, LabGeN, School of Applied Sciences, UNICAMP, São Paulo, 13484-350, Brazil
| | - Giovana Rios Gonçalves
- Nutritional Genomics Laboratory, LabGeN, School of Applied Sciences, UNICAMP, São Paulo, 13484-350, Brazil
| | - Thaiane da Silva Rios
- Nutritional Genomics Laboratory, LabGeN, School of Applied Sciences, UNICAMP, São Paulo, 13484-350, Brazil
| | - Susana Castelo Branco Ramos Nakandakari
- Nutritional Genomics Laboratory, LabGeN, School of Applied Sciences, UNICAMP, São Paulo, 13484-350, Brazil
- Nutrigenomics and Lipids Research Center, CELN, School of Applied Sciences, UNICAMP, São Paulo, 13484-350, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Burger
- Laboratory of Nutrients and Tissue Repair, School of Applied Sciences, UNICAMP, São Paulo, 13484-350, Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo de Lima Zollner
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, UNICAMP, São Paulo, 13484-350, Brazil
| | - Arthur Noin de Oliveira
- Innovare Biomarkers Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNICAMP, São Paulo, 13484-350, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Catharino Ramos
- Innovare Biomarkers Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNICAMP, São Paulo, 13484-350, Brazil
| | | | - José Rodrigo Pauli
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, School of Applied Sciences, UNICAMP, São Paulo, 13484-350, Brazil
- OCRC - Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, UNICAMP, São Paulo, 13484-350, Brazil
| | - Leandro Pereira de Moura
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, School of Applied Sciences, UNICAMP, São Paulo, 13484-350, Brazil
- OCRC - Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, UNICAMP, São Paulo, 13484-350, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Rochete Ropelle
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, School of Applied Sciences, UNICAMP, São Paulo, 13484-350, Brazil
- OCRC - Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, UNICAMP, São Paulo, 13484-350, Brazil
| | - Eli Mansour
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, UNICAMP, São Paulo, 13484-350, Brazil
| | - Dennys Esper Cintra
- Nutritional Genomics Laboratory, LabGeN, School of Applied Sciences, UNICAMP, São Paulo, 13484-350, Brazil
- Nutrigenomics and Lipids Research Center, CELN, School of Applied Sciences, UNICAMP, São Paulo, 13484-350, Brazil
- OCRC - Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, UNICAMP, São Paulo, 13484-350, Brazil
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2
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Fock E, Parnova R. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the brain and visual system: Focus on invertebrates. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2024; 275:111023. [PMID: 39154851 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2024.111023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2024] [Revised: 08/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
A critical role of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), mainly docosahexaenoic acid 22:6ω3 (DHA), in the development and function of the brain and visual system is well established. DHA, the most abundant omega-3 PUFA in the vertebrate brain, contributes to neuro- and synaptogenesis, neuronal differentiation, synaptic transmission and plasticity, neuronal network formation, memory and behaviour formation. Based on these data, the unique importance of DHA and its irreplaceability in neural and retinal tissues has been postulated. In this review, we consider omega-3 PUFA composition in the brain and retina of various invertebrates, and show that DHA has only been found in marine mollusks and crustaceans. A gradual decrease in the DHA content until its disappearance can be observed in the brain lipids of the series marine-freshwater-terrestrial crustaceans and marine-terrestrial mollusks, suggesting that the transition to the land lifestyle in the evolution of invertebrates, but not vertebrates, was accompanied by a loss of DHA. As with terrestrial crustaceans and mollusks, DHA was not found in insects, either terrestrial or aquatic, or in nematodes. We show that the nervous and visual systems of various DHA-free invertebrates can be highly enriched in alpha-linolenic acid 18:3ω3 or eicosapentaenoic acid 20:5ω3, which affect neurological and visual function, stimulating synaptogenesis, synaptic transmission, visual processing, learning and even cognition. The review data show that, in animals at different levels of organization, omega-3 PUFA are required for the functioning of the nervous and visual systems and that their specific needs can be met by various omega-3 PUFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Fock
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 194223, Torez Av., 44, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Rimma Parnova
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 194223, Torez Av., 44, Saint-Petersburg, Russia.
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Guertler A, Neu K, Lill D, Clanner-Engelshofen B, French LE, Reinholz M. Exploring the potential of omega-3 fatty acids in acne patients: A prospective intervention study. J Cosmet Dermatol 2024. [PMID: 38982829 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.16434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Omega-3 fatty acids (ω-3 FA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are essential nutrients known for their anti-inflammatory properties, which involve reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines, eicosanoids, and insulin-like growth factor-1. This suggests their potential to alleviate acne severity, especially when deficits are present. AIMS To elevate EPA/DHA levels in acne patients through dietary intervention and supplementation, observing subsequent clinical effects. METHODS Over 16 weeks, 60 patients without prescription medication (n = 23 acne comedonica [AC], n = 37 acne papulopustulosa [AP]) adhered to a Mediterranean diet, incorporating oral algae-derived ω-3 FA supplementation (600 mg DHA/300 mg EPA week 1-8, 800 mg DHA/400 mg EPA week 8-16). At four visits (V1-V4), blood EPA/DHA levels were tracked using the HS-omega 3 index® (EPA/DHA (%) of total identified fatty acids in erythrocytes; target 8%-11%, deficit <8%, severe deficit <4%), alongside clinical assessments and standardized questionnaires. RESULTS At baseline, 98.3% of patients had an EPA/DHA deficit, with the mean HS-omega 3 index® rising from 4.9% at V1 to 8.3% at V4 (p < 0.001). AC showed significantly higher indices than AP at V4 (p = 0.035). Objective improvements in both inflammatory and non-inflammatory lesions were observed (p < 0.001). While self-reported appearance worsened in four patients, overall quality of life improved (p < 0.001), particularly in AP. Dietary triggers were more clearly defined than beneficial foods. Intake of cow's milk and dairy products reduced (p < 0.001). Compliance was good; no adverse events were reported. CONCLUSION Many acne patients have a ω-3 FA deficit. The HS-omega 3 index® can be increased by a Mediterranean diet and oral supplementation with algae-derived ω-3 FA. Acne severity improved significantly in patients with target ω-3 FA levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Guertler
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Katharina Neu
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Diana Lill
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Lars E French
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Dr Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Coral Gables, USA
| | - Markus Reinholz
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
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Wielgosz-Grochowska JP, Domanski N, Drywień ME. Identification of SIBO Subtypes along with Nutritional Status and Diet as Key Elements of SIBO Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7341. [PMID: 39000446 PMCID: PMC11242202 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) is a pathology of the small intestine and may predispose individuals to various nutritional deficiencies. Little is known about whether specific subtypes of SIBO, such as the hydrogen-dominant (H+), methane-dominant (M+), or hydrogen/methane-dominant (H+/M+), impact nutritional status and dietary intake in SIBO patients. The aim of this study was to investigate possible correlations between biochemical parameters, dietary nutrient intake, and distinct SIBO subtypes. This observational study included 67 patients who were newly diagnosed with SIBO. Biochemical parameters and diet were studied utilizing laboratory tests and food records, respectively. The H+/M+ group was associated with low serum vitamin D (p < 0.001), low serum ferritin (p = 0.001) and low fiber intake (p = 0.001). The M+ group was correlated with high serum folic acid (p = 0.002) and low intakes of fiber (p = 0.001) and lactose (p = 0.002). The H+ group was associated with low lactose intake (p = 0.027). These results suggest that the subtype of SIBO may have varying effects on dietary intake, leading to a range of biochemical deficiencies. Conversely, specific dietary patterns may predispose one to the development of a SIBO subtype. The assessment of nutritional status and diet, along with the diagnosis of SIBO subtypes, are believed to be key components of SIBO therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicole Domanski
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada;
| | - Małgorzata Ewa Drywień
- Department of Human Nutrition, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland;
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Newport MT, Dayrit FM. The Lipid-Heart Hypothesis and the Keys Equation Defined the Dietary Guidelines but Ignored the Impact of Trans-Fat and High Linoleic Acid Consumption. Nutrients 2024; 16:1447. [PMID: 38794685 PMCID: PMC11123895 DOI: 10.3390/nu16101447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
In response to a perceived epidemic of coronary heart disease, Ancel Keys introduced the lipid-heart hypothesis in 1953 which asserted that high intakes of total fat, saturated fat, and cholesterol lead to atherosclerosis and that consuming less fat and cholesterol, and replacing saturated fat with polyunsaturated fat, would reduce serum cholesterol and consequently the risk of heart disease. Keys proposed an equation that would predict the concentration of serum cholesterol (ΔChol.) from the consumption of saturated fat (ΔS), polyunsaturated fat (ΔP), and cholesterol (ΔZ): ΔChol. = 1.2(2ΔS - ΔP) + 1.5ΔZ. However, the Keys equation conflated natural saturated fat and industrial trans-fat into a single parameter and considered only linoleic acid as the polyunsaturated fat. This ignored the widespread consumption of trans-fat and its effects on serum cholesterol and promoted an imbalance of omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acids in the diet. Numerous observational, epidemiological, interventional, and autopsy studies have failed to validate the Keys equation and the lipid-heart hypothesis. Nevertheless, these have been the cornerstone of national and international dietary guidelines which have focused disproportionately on heart disease and much less so on cancer and metabolic disorders, which have steadily increased since the adoption of this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabian M. Dayrit
- Department of Chemistry, Ateneo de Manila University, Loyola Heights, Quezon City 1108, Philippines
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Dursun İ, Felek İ, Çobanoğlu DN. Analyzing the Antioxidant Activity and Fatty Acid Composition of Monofloral Mullein (Verbascum sp.) Pollen Oil obtained via Various Extraction Techniques. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202400117. [PMID: 38366982 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202400117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
This study focused on characterizing fatty acids and evaluating the antioxidant properties in oils extracted from mullein (Verbascum sp.) bee-collected pollen, utilizing soxhlet and ultrasound-assisted methods with acetone and hexane solvents. Soxhlet extraction demonstrated high efficiency in mullein bee pollen oil extraction. The highest levels of total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), DPPH⋅, and ABTS⋅+ activities (41.07±1.43 mg GAE/g extract; 1.86±0.01 mg QE/g extract; 16.23±0.68 mg TE/g extract; 56.88±0.43 mg TE/g extract, respectively) were observed in oil extracted using the soxhlet method with acetone solvent. Conversely, ultrasound-assisted extraction with hexane yielded oils rich in saturated fatty acids, while acetone extraction contained higher monounsaturated fatty acids. Palmitic, linoleic, and oleic acids were predominant in the extracted oils. This study introduces, for the first time, the identification of fatty acids found in mullein bee pollen oil, along with an examination of their antioxidant properties. The choice of solvent was found to significantly influence compound extraction compared to the extraction method.
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Affiliation(s)
- İnan Dursun
- Department of Crop and Animal Production, Vocational School of Food, Agriculture and Livestock, Bingöl University, 12000, Bingöl, Türkiye
- Central Laboratory Application and Research Center, Bingöl University, 12000, Bingöl, Türkiye
| | - İkranur Felek
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Bingöl University, 12000, Bingöl, Türkiye
| | - Duygu Nur Çobanoğlu
- Department of Crop and Animal Production, Vocational School of Food, Agriculture and Livestock, Bingöl University, 12000, Bingöl, Türkiye
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Monteiro JP, Domingues MR, Calado R. Marine Animal Co-Products-How Improving Their Use as Rich Sources of Health-Promoting Lipids Can Foster Sustainability. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:73. [PMID: 38393044 PMCID: PMC10890326 DOI: 10.3390/md22020073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Marine lipids are recognized for their-health promoting features, mainly for being the primary sources of omega-3 fatty acids, and are therefore critical for human nutrition in an age when the global supply for these nutrients is experiencing an unprecedent pressure due to an ever-increasing demand. The seafood industry originates a considerable yield of co-products worldwide that, while already explored for other purposes, remain mostly undervalued as sustainable sources of healthy lipids, often being explored for low-value oil production. These co-products are especially appealing as lipid sources since, besides the well-known nutritional upside of marine animal fat, which is particularly rich in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, they also have interesting bioactive properties, which may garner them further interest, not only as food, but also for other high-end applications. Besides the added value that these co-products may represent as valuable lipid sources, there is also the obvious ecological upside of reducing seafood industry waste. In this sense, repurposing these bioresources will contribute to a more sustainable use of marine animal food, reducing the strain on already heavily depleted seafood stocks. Therefore, untapping the potential of marine animal co-products as valuable lipid sources aligns with both health and environmental goals by guaranteeing additional sources of healthy lipids and promoting more eco-conscious practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Pedro Monteiro
- Centro de Espetrometria de Massa, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- CESAM, Departamento de Química, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - M. Rosário Domingues
- Centro de Espetrometria de Massa, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- CESAM, Departamento de Química, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Calado
- ECOMARE, CESAM, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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Ozen E, Lovegrove JA, Jackson KG. Association between body composition and cardiometabolic disease risk: role of dietary fat intake and APOLIPOPROTEIN E genotype on this relationship. Proc Nutr Soc 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38253522 DOI: 10.1017/s0029665124000053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Excess body weight is associated with increased mortality and risk of developing CVD. Body fat distribution is now considered a better indicator of disease risk than BMI, with central adiposity associated with dyslipidaemia and insulin resistance. Dietary modification is unquestionably important in the prevention of obesity and CVD, with the type but not the amount of dietary fat emerging as an important determinant of both diseases. Although reducing SFA intake via replacement with unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) is a key public health strategy for CVD prevention, variability in the lipid lowering response has been observed. This narrative review aims to investigate the link between adiposity and CVD risk, and the role of dietary fat composition and APOLIPOPROTEIN (APO)E genotype on this relationship. In the absence of weight loss, replacing dietary SFA with UFA reduces central adiposity and anthropometric measures, and is linked with lower total and LDL-cholesterol concentrations. However, differences in study populations and body composition techniques need to be taken into consideration. To date, only a limited number of studies have determined the role of APOE on body composition and CVD risk, but findings are inconsistent. Both APOE2 and APOE4 alleles have been correlated with adiposity related markers, and an APOE genotype-BMI interaction has been reported on fasting lipids. However, studies are often performed retrospectively leading to small sample sizes within the genotype groups. Further studies are needed to confirm the relationship between APOE genotype, adiposity and circulating CVD risk markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezgi Ozen
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research and Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, University of Reading, Whiteknights, ReadingRG6 6DZ, UK
| | - Julie A Lovegrove
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research and Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, University of Reading, Whiteknights, ReadingRG6 6DZ, UK
| | - Kim G Jackson
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research and Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, University of Reading, Whiteknights, ReadingRG6 6DZ, UK
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Akbar S, Rahman A, Ahmad N, Imran M, Hafeez Z. Understanding the Role of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in the Development and Prevention of Cancer. Cancer Treat Res 2024; 191:57-93. [PMID: 39133404 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-55622-7_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), notably omega-3 (n-3) and omega-6 (n-6), have received much attention owing to their multifaceted effects not only in the management of diverse pathological conditions but also in the maintenance of overall health of an individual. A disproportionately high n-6 to n-3 ratio contributes to the development of various disorders including cancer, which ranks as a leading cause of death worldwide with profound social and economic burden. Epidemiological studies and clinical trials combined with the animal and cell culture models have demonstrated the beneficial effects of n-3 PUFAs in reducing the risk of various cancer types including breast, prostate and colon cancer. The anti-cancer actions of n-3 PUFAs are mainly attributed to their role in the modulation of a wide array of cellular processes including membrane dynamics, apoptosis, inflammation, angiogenesis, oxidative stress, gene expression and signal transduction pathways. On the contrary, n-6 PUFAs have been shown to exert pro-tumor actions; however, the inconsistent findings and controversial data emphasize upon the need to further investigation. Nevertheless, one of the biggest challenges in future is to optimize the n-6 to n-3 ratio despite the genetic predisposition, age, gender and disease severity. Moreover, a better understanding of the potential risks and benefits as well as the cellular and molecular mechanisms of the basic actions of these PUFAs is required to explore their role as adjuvants in cancer therapy. All these aspects will be reviewed in this chapter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samina Akbar
- CALBINOTOX, Université de Lorraine, 54000, Nancy, France.
| | - Abdur Rahman
- Atta ur Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Nazir Ahmad
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Institute of Home and Food Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Park Road, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Zeeshan Hafeez
- CALBINOTOX, Université de Lorraine, 54000, Nancy, France
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10
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Cronin P, McCarthy S, Hurley C, Ghosh TS, Cooney JC, Tobin AM, Murphy M, O’Connor EM, Shanahan F, O’Toole PW. Comparative diet-gut microbiome analysis in Crohn's disease and Hidradenitis suppurativa. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1289374. [PMID: 38029085 PMCID: PMC10667482 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1289374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The chronic inflammatory skin disease Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is strongly associated with Crohn's Disease (CD). HS and CD share clinical similarities and similar inflammatory pathways are upregulated in both conditions. Increased prevalence of inflammatory disease in industrialised nations has been linked to the Western diet. However, gut microbiota composition and diet interaction have not been compared in HS and CD. Methods Here we compared the fecal microbiota (16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing) and habitual diet of previously reported subjects with HS (n = 55), patients with CD (n = 102) and controls (n = 95). Results and discussion Patients with HS consumed a Western diet similar to patients with CD. Meanwhile, habitual diet in HS and CD was significantly different to controls. Previously, we detected differences in microbiota composition among patients with HS from that of controls. We now show that 40% of patients with HS had a microbiota configuration similar to that of CD, characterised by the enrichment of pathogenic genera (Enterococcus, Veillonella and Escherichia_Shigella) and the depletion of putatively beneficial genera (Faecalibacterium). The remaining 60% of patients with HS harboured a normal microbiota similar to that of controls. Antibiotics, which are commonly used to treat HS, were identified as a co-varying with differences in microbiota composition. We examined the levels of several inflammatory markers highlighting that growth-arrest specific 6 (Gas6), which has anti-inflammatory potential, were significantly lower in the 40% of patients with HS who had a CD microbiota configuration. Levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-12, which is a modulator of intestinal inflammation in CD, were negatively correlated with the abundance of health-associated genera in patients with HS. In conclusion, the fecal microbiota may help identify patients with HS who are at greater risk for development of CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Cronin
- Department of Biological Science, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Siobhan McCarthy
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Dermatology, South Infirmary Victoria University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
| | - Cian Hurley
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Tarini Shankar Ghosh
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Computational Biology, Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology Delhi (IIIT-Delhi), Delhi, India
| | - Jakki C. Cooney
- Department of Biological Science, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Ann-Marie Tobin
- Department of Dermatology, Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michelle Murphy
- Department of Dermatology, South Infirmary Victoria University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
- School of Medicine, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Eibhlís M. O’Connor
- Department of Biological Science, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Fergus Shanahan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- School of Medicine, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Paul W. O’Toole
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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11
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Luna-Castillo KP, López-Quintero A, Carrera-Quintanar L, Llamas-Covarrubias IM, Muñoz-Valle JF, Márquez-Sandoval F. The Influence of Lifestyle on High-Density Lipoprotein Concentration among Mexican Emerging Adults. Nutrients 2023; 15:4568. [PMID: 37960221 PMCID: PMC10649881 DOI: 10.3390/nu15214568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have highlighted the role of lifestyle on HDL-C concentrations in adults. To our knowledge, the health and nutritional status of emerging adults have been understudied. The present study aimed to explore the most important lifestyle factors, including micronutrient intake adequacy and the percentage of energy from food processing, according to HDL-C concentrations in emerging adults. In this context, a cross-sectional analysis was conducted on 261 Mexican emerging adults who were apparently healthy. Lifestyle factors were collected through a structured survey and the prevalence of micronutrient intake inadequacy was estimated using the estimated average requirement cut-point method. The percentage of energy from ultra-processed foods was assessed using the NOVA system. HDL-C was determined using the enzymatic colorimetric method. Statistical analyses were conducted in SPSS. The results revealed that lifestyle factors do not differ according to HDL-C status. The participants showed a poor nutritional diet that was energy-dense and micronutrient-inadequate. Nearly half of their energy came from processed and ultra-processed foods. Most participants did not meet the recommendations for key nutrients (ϖ3 fatty acids and phytosterols) that promote a healthy lipid status. In conclusion, regardless of their HDL-C levels, emerging adults exhibited lifestyle-related risk factors. The persistence of these findings over time could contribute to the development of metabolic disorders in the future. It is crucial to increase understanding and to develop effective nutritional interventions during this critical phase of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Paulina Luna-Castillo
- Doctorado en Ciencias de la Nutrición Traslacional (DCNT), Departamento de Clínicas de la Reproducción Humana, Crecimiento y Desarrollo Infantil, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara (UdeG), Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico; (K.P.L.-C.); (L.C.-Q.); (I.M.L.-C.); (J.F.M.-V.)
- Instituto de Nutrigenética y Nutrigenómica Traslacional (INNUGET), Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara (UdeG), Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Andres López-Quintero
- Doctorado en Ciencias de la Nutrición Traslacional (DCNT), Departamento de Clínicas de la Reproducción Humana, Crecimiento y Desarrollo Infantil, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara (UdeG), Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico; (K.P.L.-C.); (L.C.-Q.); (I.M.L.-C.); (J.F.M.-V.)
- Instituto de Nutrigenética y Nutrigenómica Traslacional (INNUGET), Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara (UdeG), Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Lucrecia Carrera-Quintanar
- Doctorado en Ciencias de la Nutrición Traslacional (DCNT), Departamento de Clínicas de la Reproducción Humana, Crecimiento y Desarrollo Infantil, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara (UdeG), Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico; (K.P.L.-C.); (L.C.-Q.); (I.M.L.-C.); (J.F.M.-V.)
- Instituto de Investigación en Cáncer en la Infancia y Adolescencia (INICIA), Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara (UdeG), Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Iris Monserrat Llamas-Covarrubias
- Doctorado en Ciencias de la Nutrición Traslacional (DCNT), Departamento de Clínicas de la Reproducción Humana, Crecimiento y Desarrollo Infantil, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara (UdeG), Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico; (K.P.L.-C.); (L.C.-Q.); (I.M.L.-C.); (J.F.M.-V.)
- Instituto de Nutrigenética y Nutrigenómica Traslacional (INNUGET), Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara (UdeG), Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - José Francisco Muñoz-Valle
- Doctorado en Ciencias de la Nutrición Traslacional (DCNT), Departamento de Clínicas de la Reproducción Humana, Crecimiento y Desarrollo Infantil, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara (UdeG), Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico; (K.P.L.-C.); (L.C.-Q.); (I.M.L.-C.); (J.F.M.-V.)
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas (IICB), Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara (UdeG), Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Fabiola Márquez-Sandoval
- Doctorado en Ciencias de la Nutrición Traslacional (DCNT), Departamento de Clínicas de la Reproducción Humana, Crecimiento y Desarrollo Infantil, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara (UdeG), Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico; (K.P.L.-C.); (L.C.-Q.); (I.M.L.-C.); (J.F.M.-V.)
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Wang Q, Wang X. The Effect of Plant-Derived Low-Ratio Linoleic Acid/α-Linolenic Acid on Markers of Glucose Controls: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14383. [PMID: 37762686 PMCID: PMC10532139 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this meta-analysis was to examine the impact of a low-ratio linoleic acid/α-linolenic acid (LA/ALA) diet on the glycemic profile of adults. A comprehensive search was performed across four databases (Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, and PubMed) to evaluate the influence of the low-ratio LA/ALA. Relevant references were screened up until February 2023. Intervention effects were analyzed by calculating change values as weighted mean differences (WMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) using fixed-effects models. Additionally, subgroup analysis and meta-regression were employed to investigate potential sources of heterogeneity. Twenty-one randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included, and the low-ratio LA/ALA diet had no significant effect on fasting blood sugar (FBS, WMD: 0.00 mmol/L, 95% CI: -0.06, 0.06, p = 0.989, I2 = 0.0%), insulin levels (WMD: 0.20 μIU/mL, 95% CI: -0.23, 0.63, p = 0.360, I2 = 3.2%), homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR, WMD: 0.09, 95% CI: -0.06, 0.23, p = 0.243, I2 = 0.0%), and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c, WMD: -0.01%, 95% CI: -0.07, 0.06, p = 0.836, I2 = 0.0%). Based on subgroup analyses, it was observed that the impact of a low-ratio LA/ALA diet on elevated plasma insulin (WMD: 1.31 μIU/mL, 95% CI: 0.08, 2.54, p = 0.037, I2 = 32.0%) and HOMA-IR (WMD: 0.47, 95% CI: 0.10, 0.84, p = 0.012, I2 = 0.0%) levels exhibited greater prominence in North America compared to Asian and European countries. Publication bias was not detected for FBS, insulin, HOMA-IR, and HbA1c levels according to the Begg and Egger tests. Furthermore, the conducted sensitivity analyses indicated stability, as the effects of the low-ratio LA/ALA diet on various glycemic and related metrics remained unchanged even after removing individual studies. Overall, based on the available studies, it can be concluded that the low-ratio LA/ALA diet has limited impact on blood glucose-related biomarker levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xingguo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China;
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13
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Gonzalez-Becerra K, Barron-Cabrera E, Muñoz-Valle JF, Torres-Castillo N, Rivera-Valdes JJ, Rodriguez-Echevarria R, Martinez-Lopez E. A Balanced Dietary Ratio of n-6:n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Exerts an Effect on Total Fatty Acid Profile in RBCs and Inflammatory Markers in Subjects with Obesity. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2333. [PMID: 37628530 PMCID: PMC10454033 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11162333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) can reduce inflammatory markers and may therefore be useful in obesity management. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of supplementation with n-3 PUFAs on total fatty acid profile in red blood cells (RBCs), as well as biochemical and inflammatory markers, in subjects with obesity. The study consisted in a randomized placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial involving 41 subjects with obesity during a 4-month follow-up. Individuals were randomly assigned to two groups: n-3 PUFA supplementation (1.5 g fish oil) and placebo (1.5 g sunflower oil). Anthropometric, biochemical, dietetic, cytokine and total fatty acid profiles in RBCs were measured. Both groups increased their PUFA intake and DHA incorporation in RBCs. However, the placebo group showed a reduction in serum IL-8 and MCP-1 at the end of the study. A multiple linear regression model adjusted by body fat mass and sex showed that an increase in DHA in RBCs decreased the serum IL-8 levels in both study groups at the end of the study. Our results highlight the role of dietary DHA and n-3 supplementation usefulness in exerting beneficial anti-inflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Gonzalez-Becerra
- Instituto de Investigación en Genética Molecular, Centro Universitario de la Ciénega, Universidad de Guadalajara, Av. Universidad 1115, Ocotlán 47810, Jalisco, Mexico;
| | - Elisa Barron-Cabrera
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Nutrición y Gastronomía, Universidad Autónoma Sinaloa, Av Cedros y Calle Sauces S/N, Culiacán 80010, Sinaloa, Mexico;
| | - Jose F. Muñoz-Valle
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Sierra Mojada 950, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Nathaly Torres-Castillo
- Instituto de Nutrigenética y Nutrigenómica Traslacional, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Sierra Mojada 950, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico; (N.T.-C.); (J.J.R.-V.); (R.R.-E.)
| | - Juan J. Rivera-Valdes
- Instituto de Nutrigenética y Nutrigenómica Traslacional, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Sierra Mojada 950, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico; (N.T.-C.); (J.J.R.-V.); (R.R.-E.)
| | - Roberto Rodriguez-Echevarria
- Instituto de Nutrigenética y Nutrigenómica Traslacional, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Sierra Mojada 950, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico; (N.T.-C.); (J.J.R.-V.); (R.R.-E.)
| | - Erika Martinez-Lopez
- Instituto de Nutrigenética y Nutrigenómica Traslacional, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Sierra Mojada 950, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico; (N.T.-C.); (J.J.R.-V.); (R.R.-E.)
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14
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Torres-Gonzalez M. The Relationship between Whole-Milk Dairy Foods and Metabolic Health Highlights an Opportunity for Dietary Fat Recommendations to Evolve with the State of the Science. Nutrients 2023; 15:3570. [PMID: 37630760 PMCID: PMC10459826 DOI: 10.3390/nu15163570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The science of dietary fats has evolved, and a body of evidence indicates they are complex bioactive nutrients that have different effects on health depending on their food source, chain length, degree of saturation, and other factors that can be affected by food processing, handling, and storage. As such, it is becoming increasingly clear that the effects of foods on obesity and metabolic health cannot be predicted simply with their fat content. The aim of this opinion article is to provide a brief overview of select recent research on the effects of whole-milk dairy foods on body composition and indicators of metabolic health across the lifespan to show the gap between current knowledge and dietary guidance. As the state of the science on dietary fats and human health evolves to consider the complexity of food matrices, the total nutrient package they deliver, and the health impacts associated with dietary patterns, so too must guidelines for dietary fat.
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15
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Pereira AG, Cassani L, Liu C, Li N, Chamorro F, Barreira JCM, Simal-Gandara J, Prieto MA. Camellia japonica Flowers as a Source of Nutritional and Bioactive Compounds. Foods 2023; 12:2825. [PMID: 37569093 PMCID: PMC10417519 DOI: 10.3390/foods12152825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, plants have strengthened their relevance as sources of molecules potentially beneficial for health. This underpinning effect also arises from the extensive research that has been conducted on plants that are typically undervalued, besides being scarcely used. This is the case with Camellia japonica in Galicia (NW Spain), where, despite its abundance, it is exclusively used for ornamental purposes and has been studied only for its proximate composition. Thus, the present study was conducted on several additional parameters in the flowers of eight C. japonica varieties. Our results show that camellia has a high nutritional value, with carbohydrates as the most abundant macronutrients followed by a moderate protein content (4.4-6.3 g/100 g dry weight) and high levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (especially ω-3 fatty acids, which represent 12.9-22.7% of the total fatty acids), raising its potential for use for nutritional purposes. According to the thermochemical characterization and elemental composition of camellia, the raw material has poor mineralization and low nitrogen content, but high percentages of volatile matter and high carbon-fixation rates, making it a promising alternative for biofuel production. Furthermore, preliminary analysis reveals a high concentration of different bioactive compounds. As a result of these findings, camellias can be used as food or functional ingredients to improve the nutritional quality of food formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antia G. Pereira
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universidade de Vigo, Ourense Campus, 32004 Ourense, Spain; (A.G.P.); (L.C.); (F.C.); (M.A.P.)
| | - Lucia Cassani
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universidade de Vigo, Ourense Campus, 32004 Ourense, Spain; (A.G.P.); (L.C.); (F.C.); (M.A.P.)
| | - Chao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Novel Food Resources Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing Technology of Shandong Province/Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250000, China;
| | - Ningyang Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266005, China;
| | - Franklin Chamorro
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universidade de Vigo, Ourense Campus, 32004 Ourense, Spain; (A.G.P.); (L.C.); (F.C.); (M.A.P.)
| | - João C. M. Barreira
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolonia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Jesus Simal-Gandara
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universidade de Vigo, Ourense Campus, 32004 Ourense, Spain; (A.G.P.); (L.C.); (F.C.); (M.A.P.)
| | - Miguel A. Prieto
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universidade de Vigo, Ourense Campus, 32004 Ourense, Spain; (A.G.P.); (L.C.); (F.C.); (M.A.P.)
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Kopp L, Schweinlin A, Tingö L, Hutchinson AN, Feit V, Jähnichen T, Lehnert K, Vetter W, Rings A, Jensen MG, Brummer RJ, Bischoff SC. Potential Modulation of Inflammation and Physical Function by Combined Probiotics, Omega-3 Supplementation and Vitamin D Supplementation in Overweight/Obese Patients with Chronic Low-Grade Inflammation: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108567. [PMID: 37239916 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is characterized by low-grade inflammation and increased gut permeability. Here, we aim to evaluate the effect of a nutritional supplement on these parameters in subjects with overweight and obesity. A double-blinded, randomized clinical trial was conducted in 76 adults with overweight or obesity (BMI 28 to 40) and low-grade inflammation (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) between 2 and 10 mg/L). The intervention consisted of a daily intake of a multi-strain probiotic of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, 640 mg of omega-3 fatty acids (n-3 FAs), and 200 IU of vitamin D (n = 37) or placebo (n = 39), administered for 8 weeks. hs-CRP levels did not change post-intervention, other than an unexpected slight increase observed in the treatment group. Interleukin (IL)-6 levels decreased in the treatment group (p = 0.018). The plasma fatty acid (FA) levels of the arachidonic acid (AA)/eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) ratio and n-6/n-3 ratio (p < 0.001) decreased, and physical function and mobility improved in the treatment group (p = 0.006). The results suggest that hs-CRP may not be the most useful inflammatory marker, but probiotics, n-3 FAs, and vitamin D, as non-pharmaceutical supplements, may exert modest effects on inflammation, plasma FA levels, and physical function in patients with overweight and obesity and associated low-grade inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Kopp
- Department of Nutritional Medicine and Prevention, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Anna Schweinlin
- Department of Nutritional Medicine and Prevention, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Lina Tingö
- Nutrition-Gut-Brain Interactions Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, 70362 Örebro, Sweden
- Food and Health Programme, Örebro University, 70362 Örebro, Sweden
- Division of Inflammation and Infection, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ashley N Hutchinson
- Nutrition-Gut-Brain Interactions Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, 70362 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Viktoria Feit
- Department of Nutritional Medicine and Prevention, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Tabea Jähnichen
- Department of Nutritional Medicine and Prevention, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Katja Lehnert
- Institute of Food Chemistry (170b), University of Hohenheim, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Walter Vetter
- Institute of Food Chemistry (170b), University of Hohenheim, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Andreas Rings
- Department of Nutritional Medicine and Prevention, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | | | - Robert J Brummer
- Nutrition-Gut-Brain Interactions Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, 70362 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Stephan C Bischoff
- Department of Nutritional Medicine and Prevention, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
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Luiten D, Biezeveld M, van Doorn O, Riady H, Yang M, Bergsma F, van der Plas A, Brand K, Arends N, de Bruin A, de Vries J, de Meij T, Vlieg-Boerstra B. Peanut thresholds in peanut-allergic children are related to dietary composition. Immun Inflamm Dis 2023; 11:e841. [PMID: 37249298 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is no clear explanation for the large variation in threshold levels among peanut-allergic children. We hypothesized that diet composition can partly explain this variation in thresholds, as nutrients and foods influence the intestinal barrier function and microbiota. AIM to explore the relationship between the threshold levels for peanut and nutritional intake and gut microbial composition in peanut-allergic children. METHODS In this explorative cross-sectional study the cumulative threshold levels for peanut were determined by oral food challenge tests. Data on nutrients and foods consumed were obtained from 3-day food diaries. Microbial composition of faeces and saliva were determined by molecular microbiota detection technique. Multivariable linear regression analysis and multiple logistic regression were used to explore the associations, adjusted for energy and senitization. RESULTS Sixty-five children were included, of whom 32 (49%) (median age 50 months, IQR 28.0-96.5) had a positive oral food challenge. Significant positive associations were found between the intake of total carbohydrates, vitamin A and cumulative threshold levels for peanut, while significant negative associations were found for long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, linoleic acid and omega-6 fatty acids. No associations were found between threshold levels and microbial composition of faeces and saliva. However, a significant higher abundance of Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes in saliva (p = 0.011 and 0.04, respectively) and of Proteobacteria in faeces (p = 0.003) were found in children with a positive peanut challenge compared to children with a negative peanut challenge. CONCLUSION As a novel concept, this study showed that dietary composition is related to threshold levels for peanut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisy Luiten
- Department of Paediatrics, OLVG Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten Biezeveld
- Department of Paediatrics, OLVG Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Olga van Doorn
- Department of Paediatrics, OLVG Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hanae Riady
- Department of Paediatrics, OLVG Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Paediatrics, OLVG Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Femke Bergsma
- Department of Paediatrics, OLVG Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Atie van der Plas
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Allergology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kim Brand
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Allergology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nicolette Arends
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Allergology, Erasmus MC Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annette de Bruin
- Department of Paediatrics, Tergooi Hospital, Blaricum, The Netherlands
| | - Jeanne de Vries
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tim de Meij
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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The Impact of Diet and Physical Activity on Psoriasis: A Narrative Review of the Current Evidence. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15040840. [PMID: 36839198 PMCID: PMC9958594 DOI: 10.3390/nu15040840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is an inflammatory disease with strong genetic links and numerous features of autoimmunity that are also influenced by environment and lifestyle, including nutritional factors and physical activity (PA), with regards to the condition of patients. Recent reports in the field of nutrigenomics indicate a significant impact of nutrients in modulating microRNAs. However, few studies have evaluated the effect of nutritional systems and PA on treating psoriasis. This narrative review updates information regarding the current dietary recommendations for individuals with psoriasis and discusses the role of diet and PA in psoriasis prevention and treatment. Application of nutrigenetics in psoriasis therapy is also discussed. The PubMed and Google Scholar databases were searched using the MeSH terms for "nutrigenomics", "dietetics", "diet therapy", "diet", "physical activity", and "exercise" in conjunction with the MeSH terms for "psoriasis" and "dermatology". Evidence has shown that patients with psoriasis should have a personalized anti-inflammatory diet. Psoriasis patients are less physically active; most performed exercises of low-to-moderate intensity and were less likely to undertake regular exercise. Identifying nutrigenomic discoveries and the current lifestyle interventions associated with psoriasis can help physicians and physical therapists develop educational programs to manage and protect against the disease.
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Panezai J, van Dyke T. Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Their Immunomodulatory Actions in Periodontal Disease. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15040821. [PMID: 36839179 PMCID: PMC9965392 DOI: 10.3390/nu15040821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are a diverse set of molecules with remarkable contributions to human physiology. They not only serve as sources of fuel but also cellular structural components as well as substrates that provide bioactive metabolites. A growing body of evidence demonstrates their role in inflammation. Inflammation in the presence of a polymicrobial biofilm contributes to the pathology of periodontitis. The role PUFAs in modulating immuno-inflammatory reactions in periodontitis is only beginning to be uncovered as research continues to unravel their far-reaching immunologic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeneen Panezai
- Department of Applied Oral Sciences, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Informatics, Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences, Quetta 87300, Pakistan
| | - Thomas van Dyke
- Department of Applied Oral Sciences, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Centre for Clinical and Translational Research, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard Faculty of Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Correspondence:
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Molecular Mechanism for Hepatic Glycerolipid Partitioning of n-6/n-3 Fatty Acid Ratio in an Obese Animal Biomodels. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021576. [PMID: 36675096 PMCID: PMC9864240 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The n-6/n-3 metabolic pathway associated with hepatic glycerolipid portioning plays a key role in preventing obesity. In this nutrition metabolism study, we used in vivo monitoring techniques with 40 obese male Sprague-Dawley strain rats attached with jugular-vein cannula after obesity was induced by a high-fat diet to determine the molecular mechanism associated with hepatic glycerolipid partitioning involving the n-6/n-3 metabolic pathway. Rats were randomly assigned to four groups (10 animals per group), including one control group (CON, n-6/n-3 of 71:1) and three treatment groups (n-6/n-3 of 4:1, 15:1 and 30:1). They were fed with experimental diets for 60 days. Incorporation rates of [14C]-labeling lipid into glycerolipid in the liver were 28.87−37.03% in treatment groups fed with diets containing an n-6/n-3 ratio of 4:1, 15:1 and 30:1, which were significantly (p < 0.05) lower than that in the CON (40.01%). However, 14CO2 emission % of absorbed dose showed the opposite trend. It was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in a treatment groups (n-6/n-3 of 4:1, 15:1 and 30:1, 30.35−45.08%) than in CON (27.71%). Regarding the metabolic distribution of glycerolipid to blood from livers, phospholipid/total glycerolipid (%) was significantly (p < 0.05) lower in CON at 11.04% than in treatment groups at 18.15% to 25.15%. Moreover, 14CO2/[14C]-total glycerolipid (%) was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in treatment groups at 44.16−78.50% than in CON at 39.50%. Metabolic distribution of fatty acyl moieties flux for oxidation and glycerolipid synthesis in the liver were significantly (p < 0.05) better in order of 4:1 > 15:1 > 30:1 than in the CON. Our data demonstrate that n-6/n-3 of 4:1 could help prevent obesity by controlling the mechanism of hepatic partitioning through oxidation and esterification of glycerolipid in an obese animal biomodel.
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Vamadeva SG, Bhattacharyya N, Sharan K. Maternal Plasma Glycerophospholipids LC-PUFA Levels Have a Sex-Specific Association with the Offspring's Cord Plasma Glycerophospholipids-Fatty Acid Desaturation Indices at Birth. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:14850. [PMID: 36429569 PMCID: PMC9691092 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192214850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Fatty acid desaturases, the enzymes responsible for the production of unsaturated fatty acids (FA) in fetal tissues, are known to be influenced by maternal-placental supply of nutrients and hormones for their function. We hypothesize that there could be a gender-specific regulation of unsaturated FA metabolism at birth, dependent on the maternal fatty acid levels. In this study, 153 mother-newborn pairs of uncomplicated and 'full-term' pregnancies were selected and the FA composition of plasma glycerophospholipids (GP) was quantified by gas chromatography. The FA composition of mother blood plasma (MB) was compared with the respective cord blood plasma (CB) of male newborns or female newborns. Product to substrate ratios were estimated to calculate delta 5 desaturase (D5D), delta 6 desaturase (D6D) and delta 9 stearoyl-CoA-desaturase (D9D/SCD) indices. Pearson correlations and linear regression analyses were employed to determine the associations between MB and CB pairs. In the results, the male infant's MB-CB association was positively correlated with the SCD index of carbon-16 FA, while no correlation was seen for the SCD index of carbon-18 FA. Unlike for males, the CB-D5D index of female neonates presented a strong positive association with the maternal n-6 long chain-polyunsaturated FA (LC-PUFA), arachidonic acid. In addition, the lipogenic desaturation index of SCD18 in the CB of female new-borns was negatively correlated with their MB n-3 DHA. In conclusion, sex-related differences in new-borns' CB desaturation indices are associated with maternal LC-PUFA status at the time of the birth. This examined relationship appears to predict the origin of sex-specific unsaturated FA metabolism seen in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sowmya Giriyapura Vamadeva
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru 570020, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | | | - Kunal Sharan
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru 570020, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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22
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Albar SA. Dietary Omega-6/Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid (PUFA) and Omega-3 Are Associated With General and Abdominal Obesity in Adults: UK National Diet and Nutritional Survey. Cureus 2022; 14:e30209. [PMID: 36381926 PMCID: PMC9650245 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.30209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The link between dietary fats and obesity is still controversial, as in Western diets the percentage of energy from total fat has decreased while the intake of omega-6 has increased, and omega-3 decreased. These changes have corresponded with a significant increase in the prevalence of obesity. Objective This study aims to examine the association of percentages of energy intake (EI) from omega-3 and omega-6 and Σω-6/Σω-3 ratio with BMI and two proxy indicators of central obesity (waist circumference [WC], waist-to-height ratio [WHtR]) and relative fat mass (RFM) estimator of whole-body fat. Design A representative sample of 3,733 adults was used from the UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey Rolling Programme (2008/09-2018/19). An estimated four-day food record was used to calculate dietary intake. Regression models were used to verify the association of omega-3 and omega-6 and quintiles of Σω-6/ Σω-3 ratio with general and abdominal obesity with adjustment for important confounders. A p-value of <0.05 represented statistical significance. Results The findings of this study show that the average ratio of Σω-6/Σω-3 was 5.5:1 ± 2. There was a significant association between the ratio of Σω-6/Σω-3 and BMI, WC, WHtR and RFM. However, the percentage of total EI from total fat was only significant with BMI, while the percentage of EI from omega-3 was negatively associated with WC, WHtR and RFM. No association was found between the percentage of EI from omega-6 and general or abdominal obesity. Conclusion The effect of Σω-6/Σω-3 may be largely driven by a deficiency in the intake of omega-3. Omega-6 and omega-3 should be listed as such in national surveys instead of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA). Meeting recommended levels of omega-3 and lowering Σω-6/Σω-3 are imperative to establish healthier dietary patterns and prevent obesity.
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23
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Sanders AE, Weatherspoon ED, Ehrmann BM, Soma PS, Shaikh SR, Preisser JS, Ohrbach R, Fillingim RB, Slade GD. Ratio of Omega-6/Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Associated With Somatic and Depressive Symptoms in People With Painful Temporomandibular Disorder and Irritable Bowel Syndrome. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2022; 23:1737-1748. [PMID: 35477107 PMCID: PMC9561958 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2022.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
Somatic symptom disturbance is among the strongest predictors of painful temporomandibular disorder (TMD). Related psychological constructs, such as anxiety and depression, respond therapeutically to omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in clinical trials. This cross-sectional study investigated associations between the omega-6/omega-3 PUFA ratio and somatic symptom disturbance and depressive symptoms in a community-based sample of 501 adults and determined whether these associations differed between adults with and without TMD or irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry quantified PUFAs in circulating erythrocytes. Somatic symptoms and depression were quantified using Symptom Checklist-90-Revised subscales. Presence or absence of TMD and IBS, respectively, were determined by clinical examination and Rome III screening questions. The standardized beta coefficient for the omega-6/omega-3 long-chain PUFA ratio was 0.26 (95% confidence limits (CL): 0.08, 0.43) in a multivariable linear regression model in which somatic symptom disturbance was the dependent variable. When modelling depressive symptoms as the dependent variable, the standardized beta coefficient was 0.17 (95% CL:0.01, 0.34). Both associations were stronger among TMD cases and IBS cases than among non-cases. Future randomized control trials that lower the omega-6/omega-3 PUFA ratio could consider somatic or depressive symptoms as a therapeutic target for TMD or IBS pain. PERSPECTIVE: In people with TMD or IBS, a high n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio was positively associated with somatic symptom disturbance and depressive symptoms. Both measures of psychological distress were elevated in people with painful TMD and IBS. Future randomized clinical trials will determine whether lowering the n-6/n-3 ratio is therapeutic for pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne E Sanders
- Division of Pediatric and Public Health, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
| | - E Diane Weatherspoon
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Brandie M Ehrmann
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Paul S Soma
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Saame R Shaikh
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - John S Preisser
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Richard Ohrbach
- Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Roger B Fillingim
- Department of Community Dentistry and Behavioral Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; Pain Research and Intervention Center of Excellence, Department of Community Dentistry and Behavioral Science, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Gary D Slade
- Division of Pediatric and Public Health, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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Patel AK, Chauhan AS, Kumar P, Michaud P, Gupta VK, Chang JS, Chen CW, Dong CD, Singhania RR. Emerging prospects of microbial production of omega fatty acids: Recent updates. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 360:127534. [PMID: 35777644 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Healthy foods containing omega-3/omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been in great demand because of their unique dietary and health properties. Reduction in chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases has shown their therapeutic and health-promoting effects when consumed under recommended ratio 1:1-1:4, however imbalanced ratios (>1:4, high omega-6) enhance these risks. The importance of omega-6 is apparent however microbial production favors larger production of omega-3. Current research focus is prerequisite to designing omega-6 production strategies for better application prospects, for which thraustochytrids could be promising due to higher lipid productivity. This review provides recent updates on essential fatty acids production from potential microbes and their application, especially major insights on omega research, also discussed the novel possible strategies to promote omega-3 and omega-6 accumulation via engineering and omics approaches. It covers strategies to block the conversion of omega-6 into omega-3 by enzyme inhibition, nanoparticle-mediated regulation and/or metabolic flux regulation, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Kumar Patel
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan; Sustainable Environment Research Center, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan; Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Lucknow 226 029, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ajeet Singh Chauhan
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan; Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan
| | - Prashant Kumar
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan; Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan
| | - Philippe Michaud
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, Institute Pascal, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Vijai Kumar Gupta
- Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Center, SRUC, Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK
| | - Jo-Shu Chang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Tunghai University, Taiwan; Research Center for Smart Sustainable Circular Economy, Tunghai University, Taiwan; Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Wen Chen
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan; Sustainable Environment Research Center, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan; Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Di Dong
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan; Sustainable Environment Research Center, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan; Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan.
| | - Reeta Rani Singhania
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan; Sustainable Environment Research Center, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan; Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Lucknow 226 029, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Shinto LH, Raber J, Mishra A, Roese N, Silbert LC. A Review of Oxylipins in Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias (ADRD): Potential Therapeutic Targets for the Modulation of Vascular Tone and Inflammation. Metabolites 2022; 12:826. [PMID: 36144230 PMCID: PMC9501361 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12090826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
There is now a convincing body of evidence from observational studies that the majority of modifiable Alzheimer's disease and related dementia (ADRD) risk factors are vascular in nature. In addition, the co-existence of cerebrovascular disease with AD is more common than AD alone, and conditions resulting in brain ischemia likely promote detrimental effects of AD pathology. Oxylipins are a class of bioactive lipid mediators derived from the oxidation of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) which act as modulators of both vascular tone and inflammation. In vascular cognitive impairment (VCI), there is emerging evidence that oxylipins may have both protective and detrimental effects on brain structure, cognitive performance, and disease progression. In this review, we focus on oxylipin relationships with vascular and inflammatory risk factors in human studies and animal models pertinent to ADRD. In addition, we discuss future research directions with the potential to impact the trajectory of ADRD risk and disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynne H. Shinto
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., CR120, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Jacob Raber
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., CR120, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Departments of Behavioral Neuroscience and Radiation Medicine, Division of Neuroscience, ONPRC, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Anusha Mishra
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., CR120, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Jungers Center for Neurosciences Research, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Natalie Roese
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., CR120, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Lisa C. Silbert
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., CR120, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Portland, OR 97239, USA
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26
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Messina M, Duncan A, Messina V, Lynch H, Kiel J, Erdman JW. The health effects of soy: A reference guide for health professionals. Front Nutr 2022; 9:970364. [PMID: 36034914 PMCID: PMC9410752 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.970364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Soy is a hotly debated and widely discussed topic in the field of nutrition. However, health practitioners may be ill-equipped to counsel clients and patients about the use of soyfoods because of the enormous, and often contradictory, amount of research that has been published over the past 30 years. As interest in plant-based diets increases, there will be increased pressure for practitioners to gain a working knowledge of this area. The purpose of this review is to provide concise literature summaries (400-500 words) along with a short perspective on the current state of knowledge of a wide range of topics related to soy, from the cholesterol-lowering effects of soy protein to the impact of isoflavones on breast cancer risk. In addition to the literature summaries, general background information on soyfoods, soy protein, and isoflavones is provided. This analysis can serve as a tool for health professionals to be used when discussing soyfoods with their clients and patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Messina
- Soy Nutrition Institute Global, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Alison Duncan
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | | | - Heidi Lynch
- Kinesiology Department, Point Loma Nazarene University, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Jessica Kiel
- Scientific and Clinical Affairs, Medifast Inc., Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - John W. Erdman
- Division of Nutritional Sciences and Beckman Institute, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana/Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
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27
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Kavyani Z, Musazadeh V, Fathi S, Hossein Faghfouri A, Dehghan P, Sarmadi B. Efficacy of the omega-3 fatty acids supplementation on inflammatory biomarkers: An umbrella meta-analysis. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 111:109104. [PMID: 35914448 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Existing meta-analyses on omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and their anti-inflammatory effects have reported uncertain findings. The current umbrella meta-analysis aimed to assess the findings of multiple meta-analyses on the efficacy of n-3 PUFAs on inflammatory biomarkers in adults with different health conditions. METHODS Using suitable keywords, articles published until December 2021 were searched in PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, EMBASE, and Google Scholar. Meta-analyses investigating the impact of supplementation of n-3 PUFAs on inflammatory biomarkers in adults were included. We performed this meta-analysis using a random-effects model. RESULTS Overall, 32 meta-analyses were qualified in this umbrella meta-analysis. Our findings demonstrated that the n-3 PUFA supplementation significantly reduced serum C-reactive protein (CRP) (ES = -0.40; 95 % CI: -0.56, -0.24, p < 0.001; I2 = 89.5 %, p < 0.001), Tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα) (ES = -0.23; 95 % CI: -0.37, -0.08, p = 0.002; I2 = 60.1 %, p < 0.001), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) concentrations (ES = -0.22; 95 % CI: -0.39, -0.05, p = 0.010; I2 = 66.2 %, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION The current umbrella meta-analysis found that supplementation of n-3 PUFAs in adults can improve CRP, TNF-α, and IL-6 concentrations under various health conditions. n-3 PUFAs can be recommended as adjuvant anti-inflammatory agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynab Kavyani
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Vali Musazadeh
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Soroor Fathi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Faghfouri
- Maternal and Childhood Obesity Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Parvin Dehghan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Bahareh Sarmadi
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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28
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Shin S. Regulation of Adipose Tissue Biology by Long-Chain Fatty Acids: Metabolic Effects and Molecular Mechanisms. J Obes Metab Syndr 2022; 31:147-160. [PMID: 35691686 PMCID: PMC9284576 DOI: 10.7570/jomes22014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-chain fatty acids (LCFA) modulate metabolic, oxidative, and inflammatory responses, and the physiological effects of LCFA are determined by chain length and the degree of saturation. Adipose tissues comprise multiple cell types, and play a significant role in energy storage and expenditure. Fatty acid uptake and oxidation are the pathways through which fatty acids participate in the regulation of energy homeostasis, and their dysregulation can lead to the development of obesity and chronic obesity-related disorders, including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and certain types of cancer. Numerous studies have reported that many aspects of adipose tissue biology are influenced by the number and position of double bonds in LCFA, and these effects are mediated by various signaling pathways, including those regulating adipocyte differentiation (adipogenesis), thermogenesis, and inflammation in adipose tissue. This review aims to describe the underlying molecular mechanisms by which different types of LCFA influence adipose tissue metabolism, and to further clarify their relevance to metabolic dysregulation associated with obesity. A better understanding of the effects of LCFA on adipose tissue metabolism may lead to improved nutraceutical strategies to address obesity and obesity-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunhye Shin
- Major of Food and Nutrition, Division of Applied Food System, Seoul Women's University, Seoul, Korea
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29
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Yang X, Zhi X, Song Z, Wang G, Zhao X, Chi S, Tan B. Flesh quality of hybrid grouper ( Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀ × Epinephelus lanceolatus ♂) fed with hydrolyzed porcine mucosa-supplemented low fishmeal diet. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2022; 8:114-124. [PMID: 34977381 PMCID: PMC8669251 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2021.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Iso-nitrogenous and iso-lipidic diets containing 0%, 3%, 6%, 9%, and 12% hydrolyzed porcine mucosa (namely, HPM0, HPM3, HPM6, HPM9, and HPM12) were prepared to evaluate their effects on the growth performance, muscle nutrition composition, texture property, and gene expression related to muscle growth of hybrid groupers (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀ × Epinephelus lanceolatus ♂). Groupers were fed to apparent satiation at 08:00 and 16:00 every day for a total of 56 days. It was found that the weight gain percentage in the HPM0, HPM3, and HPM6 groups did not differ (P > 0.05). The cooking loss and drip loss of the dorsal muscle in the HPM3 group were lower than those in the HPM6 and HPM9 groups (P < 0.05). The hardness and chewiness of the dorsal muscle in the HPM3 group were higher than those in the HPM0, HPM9, and HPM12 groups (P < 0.05). The gumminess in the HPM3 group was higher than that in the HPM9 and HPM12 groups (P < 0.05). The total essential amino acid content of the dorsal muscle in the HPM12 group was higher than that in the HPM0 group (P < 0.05). The contents of total n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid and total n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acid, as well as the ratio of n-3/n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid in the dorsal muscle was higher in the HPM0 group than in all other groups (P < 0.05). The relative expressions of gene myogenic factor 5, myocyte enhancer factor 2c, myocyte enhancer factor 2a, myosin heavy chain, transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1), and follistatin (FST) were the highest in the dorsal muscle of the HPM3 group. The results indicated that the growth performance of hybrid grouper fed a diet with 6% HPM and 27% fish meal was as good as that of the HPM0 group. When fish ingested a diet containing 3% HPM, the expression of genes TGF-β1 and FST involved in muscle growth were upregulated, and then the muscle quality related to hardness and chewiness were improved. An appropriate amount of HPM could be better used in grouper feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanyi Yang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang 524025, China
| | - Xinyan Zhi
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Ziling Song
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Guanghui Wang
- Yichang Huatai Biological Technology Co., Ltd., Yichang 443500, China
| | - Xumin Zhao
- Yichang Huatai Biological Technology Co., Ltd., Yichang 443500, China
| | - Shuyan Chi
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang 524025, China
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Beiping Tan
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang 524025, China
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang 524088, China
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30
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de Assumpção D, Ruiz AMP, Borim FSA, Neri AL, Malta DC, Francisco PMSB. Eating Behavior of Older Adults with and Without Diabetes: The Vigitel Survey, Brazil, 2016. Arq Bras Cardiol 2022; 118:388-397. [PMID: 35262570 PMCID: PMC8856680 DOI: 10.36660/abc.20201204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A healthy diet is a protection factor against type 2 diabetes and plays an important role in the treatment of the disease, as well as associated comorbidities. OBJECTIVE Characterize the eating habits of older adults (≥ 65 years) with and without diabetes residing in capital cities and the Federal District of Brazil. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted using data from the Surveillance of Risk and Protection Factors for Chronic Diseases Through a Telephone Survey (Vigitel, 2016). The prevalence of diabetes mellitus was estimated according to sociodemographic variables, physical inactivity level, self-rated health status and body mass index. Dietary habits were assessed based on the frequency (weekly and daily) of consumption of healthy and unhealthy foods and the replacement of food by snacks. Differences were determined using Pearson's chi-square test (Rao-Scott), with the significance level set at 5%. RESULTS A total of 13,649 older adults were interviewed. The prevalence of self-reported diabetes was 27.2% (95% CI: 25.5; 29.0). Compared to non-diabetics, diabetic individuals had a higher consumption of raw vegetables (32.1% vs. 26.5%/3-4 days/week) and lower consumption of chicken (3.8% vs. 6.4%/hardly ever/never), fruit juice (24.0% vs. 29.6%) and sweets (6.8% vs. 16.2%) ≥ 5 days/week. Compared to non-diabetics, diabetic individuals consumed more skim milk (51.5% vs. 44.6%) and diet soda (60.0% vs. 17.3%) ≥ 5 days/week, raw vegetables (9.1% vs. 2.5%/at dinner) and sweets (37.7% vs. 20.5%/twice/day) 3-4 days/week. CONCLUSION The observed differences emphasize the need for healthy eating interventions for all older adults, as well as specific counseling for those with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela de Assumpção
- Universidade Estadual de CampinasPrograma de Pós-Graduação em GerontologiaCampinasSPBrasilUniversidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp) - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Gerontologia,Campinas, SP - Brasil
| | - Ana Maria Pita Ruiz
- Universidade Estadual de CampinasPrograma de Pós-Graduação em GerontologiaCampinasSPBrasilUniversidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp) - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Gerontologia,Campinas, SP - Brasil
| | - Flavia Silva Arbex Borim
- Universidade Estadual de CampinasPrograma de Pós-Graduação em GerontologiaCampinasSPBrasilUniversidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp) - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Gerontologia,Campinas, SP - Brasil
- Universidade de BrasíliaDepartamento de Saúde ColetivaEscola de Ciências da SaúdeBrasíliaDFBrasilUniversidade de Brasília (UnB) - Departamento de Saúde Coletiva - Escola de Ciências da Saúde,Brasília, DF - Brasil
| | - Anita Liberalesso Neri
- Universidade Estadual de CampinasPrograma de Pós-Graduação em GerontologiaCampinasSPBrasilUniversidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp) - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Gerontologia,Campinas, SP - Brasil
| | - Deborah Carvalho Malta
- Universidade Federal de Minas GeraisDepartamento de Enfermagem Materno-Infantil e Saúde PúblicaBelo HorizonteMGBrasilUniversidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG) - Departamento de Enfermagem Materno-Infantil e Saúde Pública,Belo Horizonte, MG - Brasil
| | - Priscila Maria Stolses Bergamo Francisco
- Universidade Estadual de CampinasPrograma de Pós-Graduação em GerontologiaCampinasSPBrasilUniversidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp) - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Gerontologia,Campinas, SP - Brasil
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Growth Performance, Biochemical Composition and Nutrient Recovery Ability of Twelve Microalgae Consortia Isolated from Various Local Organic Wastes Grown on Nano-Filtered Pig Slurry. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27020422. [PMID: 35056737 PMCID: PMC8781922 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27020422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This paper demonstrated the growth ability of twelve algae-microbial consortia (AC) isolated from organic wastes when a pig slurry-derived wastewater (NFP) was used as growth substrate in autotrophic cultivation. Nutrient recovery, biochemical composition, fatty acid and amino acid profiles of algae consortia were evaluated and compared. Three algae-microbial consortia, i.e., a Chlorella-dominated consortium (AC_1), a Tetradesmus and Synechocystis co-dominated consortium (AC_10), and a Chlorella and Tetradesmus co-dominated consortium (AC_12) were found to have the best growth rates (µ of 0.55 ± 0.04, 0.52 ± 0.06, and 0.58 ± 0.03 d−1, respectively), which made them good candidates for further applications. The ACs showed high carbohydrates and lipid contents but low contents of both proteins and essential amino acids, probably because of the low N concentration of NFP. AC_1 and AC_12 showed optimal ω6:ω3 ratios of 3.1 and 3.6, which make them interesting from a nutritional point of view.
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Ivanisevic M, Horvaticek M, Delmis K, Delmis J. Supplementation of EPA and DHA in pregnant women with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Ann Med 2021; 53:848-859. [PMID: 34210228 PMCID: PMC8260041 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2021.1936151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE Lower proportions of n-3 PUFAs have been observed in neonates born to diabetic mothers. We aimed to investigate the association between DHA and EPA supplementation during pregnancy complicated with type 1 diabetes on concentration and proportion of fatty acids in maternal and foetal blood. SUBJECTS AND METHODS We conducted a prospective randomized, single-blinded, placebo-controlled trial of 111 eligible pregnant women with type 1 diabetes and presented the results of 84 (intervention arm and control arm comprised 42 participants each) of them who successfully finished the trial in an academic hospital. The initiation of EPA and DHA supplementation or placebo started at randomization visit on gestational week 11-12. Blood samples were taken on the first (screening) visit to the clinic (1st trimester, between 8th and 10th gestational week, GW), then in the second trimester (19-24th GW) and third trimester (30th-33rd GW). On the delivery day, a blood sample was taken on fasting just before birth. The umbilical vein blood sample was taken shortly after the delivery. RESULTS We found a significant increase in the intervention group when compared the first and the third trimester for n-3 PUFAs concentration, 4.3 mg/L (3.3-7.6): 10.0 mg/L (7.1-13.7), p < .001. In the intervention group, the concentration of DHA in maternal vein serum was 11.4 mg/L (7.7-17.5), and in umbilical vein serum, it was 5.1 mg/L (3.0-7.7), which was significantly higher than that in the control group, maternal vein serum: median 9.2 mg/L(6.0-12.3), p = .03 and umbilical vein serum: median 3.4 mg/L (2.1-5.6), p = .009. CONCLUSION The increased weight gain in pregnancy and concentration and proportions of DHA, n-3 PUFAs with a decreased proportion of AA, n-6 PUFAs, and AA/DHA ratio in maternal and umbilical vein serum summarize the effect of supplementation with EPA and DHA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Ivanisevic
- Referral Center for Diabetes in Pregnancy, Ministry of Health Republic of Croatia, Clinical Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zagreb University Hospital Center, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | | | - Josip Delmis
- Referral Center for Diabetes in Pregnancy, Ministry of Health Republic of Croatia, Clinical Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zagreb University Hospital Center, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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Mancera-Rodriguez L, Muñoz-Ramirez AP, Lopez-Vargas JH, Simal-Gandara J. Development, characterization and stability of a white cachama pâté-type product (Piaractus brachypomus). Food Chem 2021; 375:131660. [PMID: 34857412 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the work was to formulate, characterize and evaluate the stability of a product based on white cachama (Piaractus brachypomus). From four lipid sources (pork back fat, canola oil, olive oil or sacha inchi oil), the one with the highest acceptance rate was selected based on the acceptance index and sensory characteristics. The formulation was optimized using the response surface method; 15 formulations were used in triplicate, evaluating the pH, moisture, colour and sensory acceptance values. The macronutrient composition and lipid profile of the optimal formulation was determined; its stability was evaluated under refrigeration conditions by measuring lipid and protein degradation, changes in colour, texture, changes at the microbiological and sensory levels. It was found an optimal proportion of inclusion of 50% white cachama pasta, 21% canola oil and 23% water. The stability of the final product obtained was 42 days, with 82% of acceptability index. This product could be an alternative to other pâté-type products from other species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Mancera-Rodriguez
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Bogotá, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y de Zootecnia, Departamento de Producción Animal, Carrera 30 No. 45-03, Edificio 481, Bogotá, DC 111321, Colombia.
| | - Adriana Patricia Muñoz-Ramirez
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Bogotá, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y de Zootecnia, Departamento de Producción Animal, Carrera 30 No. 45-03, Edificio 481, Bogotá, DC 111321, Colombia.
| | - Jairo Humberto Lopez-Vargas
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Bogotá, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos, Carrera 30 No.45-03, Edificio 500A, Bogotá, DC 111321, Colombia.
| | - Jesus Simal-Gandara
- Universidade de Vigo, Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Science, E-32004 Ourense, Spain.
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Brain K, Burrows TL, Bruggink L, Malfliet A, Hayes C, Hodson FJ, Collins CE. Diet and Chronic Non-Cancer Pain: The State of the Art and Future Directions. J Clin Med 2021; 10:5203. [PMID: 34768723 PMCID: PMC8584994 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10215203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutrition plays an important role in pain management. Healthy eating patterns are associated with reduced systemic inflammation, as well as lower risk and severity of chronic non-cancer pain and associated comorbidities. The role of nutrition in chronic non-cancer pain management is an emerging field with increasing interest from clinicians and patients. Evidence from a number of recent systematic reviews shows that optimising diet quality and incorporating foods containing anti-inflammatory nutrients such as fruits, vegetables, long chain and monounsaturated fats, antioxidants, and fibre leads to reduction in pain severity and interference. This review describes the current state of the art and highlights why nutrition is critical within a person-centred approach to pain management. Recommendations are made to guide clinicians and highlight areas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Brain
- School of Health Science, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (K.B.); (T.L.B.)
- Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Hunter Integrated Pain Service, Newcastle, NSW 2300, Australia; (L.B.); (C.H.); (F.J.H.)
| | - Tracy L. Burrows
- School of Health Science, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (K.B.); (T.L.B.)
- Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Laura Bruggink
- Hunter Integrated Pain Service, Newcastle, NSW 2300, Australia; (L.B.); (C.H.); (F.J.H.)
| | - Anneleen Malfliet
- Department of Physiotherapy, Human Physiology and Anatomy, Faculty of Physical Education & Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium;
- Pain in Motion International Research Group, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
- Research Foundation Flanders (FWO), 1000 Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Physical Medicine and Physiotherapy, University Hospital Brussels, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Chris Hayes
- Hunter Integrated Pain Service, Newcastle, NSW 2300, Australia; (L.B.); (C.H.); (F.J.H.)
| | - Fiona J. Hodson
- Hunter Integrated Pain Service, Newcastle, NSW 2300, Australia; (L.B.); (C.H.); (F.J.H.)
| | - Clare E. Collins
- School of Health Science, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (K.B.); (T.L.B.)
- Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
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MacIntosh SC, Shaw M, Connelly M, Yao ZJ. Food and Feed Safety of NS-B5ØØ27-4 Omega-3 Canola ( Brassica napus): A New Source of Long-Chain Omega-3 Fatty Acids. Front Nutr 2021; 8:716659. [PMID: 34660659 PMCID: PMC8514783 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.716659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
DHA canola, a genetically engineered Brassica napus (OECD Unique Identifier NS-B5ØØ27-4), has been developed as one of the first land-based production systems for omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA), whose health benefits are well-established. Yet, the marine sources of these nutrients are under high pressures due to over-fishing and increasing demand. DHA canola is a plant-based source for these essential fatty acids that produces a high level of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). This terrestrial system allows for sustainable, scalable and stable production of omega-3 LCPUFA that addresses not only the increasing market demand, but also the complex interplay of agriculture, aquaculture, and human nutrition. The vector used to produce the desired oil profile in DHA canola contains the expression cassettes of seven genes in the DHA biosynthesis pathway and was specifically designed to convert oleic acid to DHA in canola seed. The characterization and safety evaluation of food and feed produced from DHA canola are described and supported by a detailed nutritional analysis of the seed, meal, and oil. Aside from the intended changes of the fatty acid profile, none of the other compositional analytes showed biologically meaningful differences when compared to conventional canola varieties. In addition, the meal from DHA canola is compositionally equivalent to conventional canola meal. Further evidence of nutritional value and safety of DHA canola oil have been confirmed in fish feeding studies. Given that most human populations lack sufficient daily intakes of omega-3 LCPUFA, a dietary exposure assessment is also included. In conclusion, the results from these studies demonstrate it is safe to use products derived from DHA canola in human foods, nutraceuticals, or animal feeds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Megan Shaw
- Nuseed Pty Ltd., Laverton North, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Zhuyun June Yao
- Nuseed Nutritional US Inc., West Sacramento, CA, United States
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Mărgăoan R, Özkök A, Keskin Ş, Mayda N, Urcan AC, Cornea-Cipcigan M. Bee collected pollen as a value-added product rich in bioactive compounds and unsaturated fatty acids: A comparative study from Turkey and Romania. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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DiNicolantonio JJ, O'Keefe J. The Importance of Maintaining a Low Omega-6/Omega-3 Ratio for Reducing the Risk of Autoimmune Diseases, Asthma, and Allergies. MISSOURI MEDICINE 2021; 118:453-459. [PMID: 34658440 PMCID: PMC8504498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Up until about 100 years ago, the omega-6/3 ratio has been around 4:1 or less. However, the typical Western diet now provides an omega-6/3 ratio of approximately 20:1 in favor of omega-6. This predisposes to supraphysiologic inflammatory responses and perpetuates chronic low-grade inflammation. The overconsumption of linoleic acid, mainly from industrial omega-6 seed oils, and the lack of long-chain omega-3s in the diet creates a pro-inflammatory, pro-allergic, pro-thrombotic state. Reducing the omega-6/3 ratio, particularly through reductions in the intake of refined omega-6 seed oil, and increasing the intake of marine omega-3s, either through dietary means or supplementation, may be an effective strategy for reducing inflammation, allergies, and autoimmune reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James O'Keefe
- Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, Missouri
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Silva TJ, Barrera-Arellano D, Ribeiro APB. Margarines: Historical approach, technological aspects, nutritional profile, and global trends. Food Res Int 2021; 147:110486. [PMID: 34399482 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Margarines are an expanding market worldwide due to large-scale commercial, lower cost, growth of bakery and confectionery markets, and seasonal independence. The fatty acid composition, solid fat content, consistency, and melting point of the fats used in margarine determine their functional properties. Due to its proven association with increased risk of cardiovascular diseases, the recommendations of the World Health Organization and the enactment of laws in several countries to eliminate industrially produced trans fatty acids (TFA) have resulted in the prohibition or progressive reduction in the use of partially hydrogenated fat. However, issues related to high levels of TFA and saturated fatty acids still constitute a challenge in the formulation of this product category. Current trends on margarine production addition of phytosterols, non-lipid components, organogels, and new interesterified fat bases are reviewed. This review aims to present a historical view and the technological evolution of margarines, including their production processes, formulations, and physical and nutritional characteristics, as well as legislation, and main trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaís Jordânia Silva
- Fats and Oils Laboratory, Department of Food Technology, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Daniel Barrera-Arellano
- Fats and Oils Laboratory, Department of Food Technology, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Badan Ribeiro
- Fats and Oils Laboratory, Department of Food Technology, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, SP, Brazil
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García-Márquez J, Galafat A, Alarcón FJ, Figueroa FL, Martínez-Manzanares E, Arijo S, Abdala-Díaz RT. Cultivated and Wild Juvenile Thick-Lipped Grey Mullet, Chelon labrosus: A Comparison from a Nutritional Point of View. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:2112. [PMID: 34359240 PMCID: PMC8300304 DOI: 10.3390/ani11072112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The thick-lipped grey mullet (Chelon labrosus) is a nominee fish species for aquaculture diversification in Spain because it is an omnivore and euryhaline species, but limited knowledge about the nutritional attributes of this species is available. This study aimed to characterize the chemical composition of wild and cultured fish. The muscle proximate composition, and fatty acid and amino acid profiles were assessed. The cultivated specimens showed a higher lipid content and lower protein and ash contents compared with the wild specimens. The predominant tissue fatty acids in both the wild and cultivated fish were palmitic acid (16:0), oleic acid (18:1n-9) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3). A higher content of arachidonic acid (ARA, 20:4n-6), eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3) and DHA were detected in the muscle of wild mullets, while the fish supplied with commercial pellets showed higher quantities of monounsaturated fatty acids, and lower quantities of saturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Regarding PUFAs, n-3 fatty acids were predominant in wild mullets, while n-6 and n-9 were more abundant in farmed fish. In terms of amino acid composition, except for histidine in wild specimens, the amino acid amounts were higher than the FAO/WHO standard. In conclusion, C. labrosus may contribute to improving the dietary intake of highly polyunsaturated n-3 fatty acids, with a benefit to human health, owing to that fact that a 100-g fillet portion of cultivated and wild C. labrosus can provide 770 mg and 1160 mg of EPA and DHA, respectively, which exceeds the 250 mg dietary daily intake recommended by the FAO/WHO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge García-Márquez
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Campus de Teatinos s/n, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (E.M.-M.); (S.A.)
| | - Alba Galafat
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Campus de Excelencia Internacional CEIMAR, Universidad de Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain; (A.G.); (F.J.A.)
| | - Francisco Javier Alarcón
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Campus de Excelencia Internacional CEIMAR, Universidad de Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain; (A.G.); (F.J.A.)
| | - Félix L. Figueroa
- Departamento de Ecología y Geología, Instituto de Biotecnología y Desarrollo Azul (IBYDA), Campus de Teatinos s/n, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (F.L.F.); (R.T.A.-D.)
| | - Eduardo Martínez-Manzanares
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Campus de Teatinos s/n, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (E.M.-M.); (S.A.)
| | - Salvador Arijo
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Campus de Teatinos s/n, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (E.M.-M.); (S.A.)
| | - Roberto Teófilo Abdala-Díaz
- Departamento de Ecología y Geología, Instituto de Biotecnología y Desarrollo Azul (IBYDA), Campus de Teatinos s/n, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (F.L.F.); (R.T.A.-D.)
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40
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Glavas MM, Hui Q, Miao I, Yang F, Erener S, Prentice KJ, Wheeler MB, Kieffer TJ. Early overnutrition in male mice negates metabolic benefits of a diet high in monounsaturated and omega-3 fats. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14032. [PMID: 34234216 PMCID: PMC8263808 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93409-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Overconsumption of saturated fats promotes obesity and type 2 diabetes. Excess weight gain in early life may be particularly detrimental by promoting earlier diabetes onset and potentially by adversely affecting normal development. In the present study we investigated the effects of dietary fat composition on early overnutrition-induced body weight and glucose regulation in Swiss Webster mice, which show susceptibility to high-fat diet-induced diabetes. We compared glucose homeostasis between a high-fat lard-based (HFL) diet, high in saturated fats, and a high-fat olive oil/fish oil-based (HFO) diet, high in monounsaturated and omega-3 fats. We hypothesized that the healthier fat profile of the latter diet would improve early overnutrition-induced glucose dysregulation. However, early overnutrition HFO pups gained more weight and adiposity and had higher diabetes incidence compared to HFL. In contrast, control pups had less weight gain, adiposity, and lower diabetes incidence. Plasma metabolomics revealed reductions in various phosphatidylcholine species in early overnutrition HFO mice as well as with diabetes. These findings suggest that early overnutrition may negate any beneficial effects of a high-fat diet that favours monounsaturated and omega-3 fats over saturated fats. Thus, quantity, quality, and timing of fat intake throughout life should be considered with respect to metabolic health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria M Glavas
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Queenie Hui
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ian Miao
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Suheda Erener
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kacey J Prentice
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Michael B Wheeler
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Advanced Diagnostics, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Timothy J Kieffer
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. .,Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. .,School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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Luo H, Zhao M, Feng X, Gao X, Hong M, Liu M, Li Y, Liu W, Liu Y, Yu C, Cao Y, Yang X, Fang Z, Zhang P. Decreased plasma n6 : n3 polyunsaturated fatty acids ratio interacting with high C-peptide promotes non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in type 2 diabetes patients. J Diabetes Investig 2021; 12:1263-1271. [PMID: 33244871 PMCID: PMC8264392 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS/INTRODUCTION To explore relationships between polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in patients with type 2 diabetes, and whether insulin action has an interactive effect with PUFA on NAFLD progression. MATERIALS AND METHODS We extracted clinical and omics data of 482 type 2 diabetes patients from a tertiary hospital consecutively from April 2018 to April 2019. NAFLD was estimated by ultrasound at admission. Plasma fasting n3 and n6 fatty acids were quantified by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis. Restricted cubic spline nested in binary logistic regression was used to select the cut-off point, and estimate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Additive interactions of the n6 : n3 ratio with insulin action for NAFLD were estimated using relative excess risk due to interaction, attributable proportion due to interaction and synergy index. Relative excess risk due to interaction >0, attributable proportion due to interaction >0 or synergy index >1 indicates biological interaction. Spearman correlation analysis was used to obtain partial correlation coefficients between PUFA and hallmarks of NAFLD. RESULTS Of 482 patients, 313 were with and 169 were without NAFLD. N3 ≥800 and n6 PUFA ≥8,100 μmol/L were independently associated with increased NAFLD risk; n6 : n3 ratio ≤10 was associated with NAFLD (odds ratio 1.80, 95% confidence interval 1.20-2.71), and the effect size was amplified by high C-peptide (odds ratio 8.89, 95% confidence interval 4.48-17.7) with significant interaction. The additive interaction of the n6 : n3 ratio and fasting insulin was not significant. CONCLUSION Decreased n6 : n3 ratio was associated with increased NAFLD risk in type 2 diabetes patients, and the effect was only significant and amplified when there was the co-presence of high C-peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui‐Huan Luo
- Department of EndocrinologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary ChemistrySchool of Public HealthTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Meng‐Di Zhao
- Department of EndocrinologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Xiao‐Fei Feng
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary ChemistrySchool of Public HealthTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Xiao‐Qian Gao
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary ChemistrySchool of Public HealthTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Mo Hong
- RSKT Biopharma IncDalianLiaoningChina
| | | | - Yan‐Ping Li
- Department of EndocrinologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Wan‐Qiu Liu
- Department of EndocrinologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Yu‐Mo Liu
- Department of EndocrinologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Cheng‐Cheng Yu
- Department of EndocrinologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Yun‐Feng Cao
- RSKT Biopharma IncDalianLiaoningChina
- Dalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xi‐Lin Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsSchool of Public HealthTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Zhong‐Ze Fang
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary ChemistrySchool of Public HealthTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of EndocrinologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
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Rocha CP, Pacheco D, Cotas J, Marques JC, Pereira L, Gonçalves AMM. Seaweeds as Valuable Sources of Essential Fatty Acids for Human Nutrition. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:4968. [PMID: 34067088 PMCID: PMC8124752 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18094968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The overexploitation of terrestrial habitats, combined with the ever-growing demand for food, has led to the search for alternative food sources. The importance of seaweeds as food sources has been growing, and their potential as sources of fatty acids (FA) make seaweeds an interesting feedstock for the food and nutraceutical industries. The aim of this study is to assess the potential of five red seaweeds (Asparagospis armata, Calliblepharis jubata, Chondracanthus teedei var. lusitanicus, Gracilaria gracilis, and Grateloupia turuturu) and three brown seaweeds (Colpomenia peregrina, Sargassum muticum and Undaria pinnatifida), harvested in central Portugal, as effective sources of essential FA for food or as dietary supplements. FA were extracted from the biomass, transmethylated to methyl esters, and analyzed through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. G. gracilis presented the highest content of saturated fatty acids (SFA) (41.49 mg·g-1), whereas C. jubata exhibited the highest content of highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA) (28.56 mg·g-1); the three G. turuturu life cycle stages presented prominent SFA and HUFA contents. Omega-6/omega-3 ratios were assessed and, in combination with PUFA+HUFA/SFA ratios, it is suggested that C. jubata and U. pinnatifida may be the algae with highest nutraceutical potential, promoting health benefits and contributing to a balanced dietary intake of fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina P. Rocha
- University of Coimbra, MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Department of Life Sciences, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal; (C.P.R.); (D.P.); (J.C.); (J.C.M.); (L.P.)
| | - Diana Pacheco
- University of Coimbra, MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Department of Life Sciences, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal; (C.P.R.); (D.P.); (J.C.); (J.C.M.); (L.P.)
| | - João Cotas
- University of Coimbra, MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Department of Life Sciences, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal; (C.P.R.); (D.P.); (J.C.); (J.C.M.); (L.P.)
| | - João C. Marques
- University of Coimbra, MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Department of Life Sciences, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal; (C.P.R.); (D.P.); (J.C.); (J.C.M.); (L.P.)
| | - Leonel Pereira
- University of Coimbra, MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Department of Life Sciences, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal; (C.P.R.); (D.P.); (J.C.); (J.C.M.); (L.P.)
| | - Ana M. M. Gonçalves
- University of Coimbra, MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Department of Life Sciences, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal; (C.P.R.); (D.P.); (J.C.); (J.C.M.); (L.P.)
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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Djuric Z, Rifkin S. A New Score for Quantifying Adherence to a Cancer-Preventive Mediterranean Diet. Nutr Cancer 2021; 74:579-591. [PMID: 33840312 PMCID: PMC8693912 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2021.1909738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein a Mediterranean Cancer Preventive Diet Score (MCAP Score) is proposed to quantify adherence to both traditional Mediterranean fat intakes and the current dietary recommendations for cancer prevention. The scoring uses research-backed cutoff values, unlike other scores that are based on a population-specific median value. The MCAP score awards positive points for seven preventive food categories, including Mediterranean fats (monounsaturated fats, ω-3 fatty acids) associated with reduced adiposity, and negative points for four food categories associated with increased cancer risk, including ultra-processed foods. In a randomized trial of 120 persons at increased risk of colon cancer, the baseline MCAP Score averaged seven of 20 possible points. Counseling for a Healthy Diet or a Mediterranean Diet improved the score to either 11 or 13 points, respectively, and the highest score observed in any individual was 20 points. The MCAP Score was correlated with serum carotenoids and serum ω-3 fatty acids, and improvements in the score were associated with weight loss over six months of study. The MCAP Score is therefore proposed as a new method to assess adherence to a Mediterranean type of diet for cancer prevention using absolute criteria that will facilitate comparisons of dietary intakes across studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zora Djuric
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Samara Rifkin
- Department Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
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Śliż D, Parol D, Wełnicki M, Chomiuk T, Grabowska I, Dąbrowska D, Król W, Price S, Braksator W, Mamcarz A. Macronutrient intake, carbohydrate metabolism and cholesterol in Polish male amateur athletes on a vegan diet. NUTR BULL 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/nbu.12491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Śliż
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology Medical University of Warsaw Warsaw Poland
- Public Health School Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education Warsaw Poland
| | - D. Parol
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology Medical University of Warsaw Warsaw Poland
| | - M. Wełnicki
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology Medical University of Warsaw Warsaw Poland
| | - T. Chomiuk
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology Medical University of Warsaw Warsaw Poland
| | - I. Grabowska
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport in Biała Podlaska Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw Warsaw Poland
| | - D. Dąbrowska
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology Medical University of Warsaw Warsaw Poland
| | - W. Król
- Department of Sports Cardiology and Noninvasive Cardiovascular Imaging Medical University of Warsaw Warsaw Poland
| | - S. Price
- Department of Sports Cardiology and Noninvasive Cardiovascular Imaging Medical University of Warsaw Warsaw Poland
| | - W. Braksator
- Department of Sports Cardiology and Noninvasive Cardiovascular Imaging Medical University of Warsaw Warsaw Poland
| | - A. Mamcarz
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology Medical University of Warsaw Warsaw Poland
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Díaz-Rizzolo DA, Serra A, Colungo C, Sala-Vila A, Sisó-Almirall A, Gomis R. Type 2 diabetes preventive effects with a 12-months sardine-enriched diet in elderly population with prediabetes: An interventional, randomized and controlled trial. Clin Nutr 2021; 40:2587-2598. [PMID: 33932804 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fish could play a role in preventing type 2 diabetes (T2D) but there has been little specification about the type of fish and the preventive mechanism involved in its health claim. The sardine is a source of omega-3 and taurine that, in isolation or in synergy, would produce T2D-delaying through different molecular mechanism. HYPOTHESIS The consumption of twice a week of sardine, during one year would reduce T2D-developing risk in a population with prediabetes (preDM) and old age. DESIGN 152 subjects with fasting glucose between 100-124 mg/dL aged ≥65 yo were recruited from three primary care centers in Barcelona and were randomly distributed among two interventional groups: control group (CG) and sardine group (SG). Both groups received same T2D-prevention nutritional during a year but only SG had to add 200 g of sardine per week. All variables were collected before to start and at the end of the diet. (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03557541). RESULTS 152 people were randomized into CG (n=77) and SG (n=75) with 18 and 12 drop outs respectively. Subjects in SG, significantly compared to CG, decreased percentage classified-individuals in a very high risk group to develop T2D according to FINDRISC (p=0.035). In addition to increasing HDL-cholesterol and adiponectin and decreasing triglycerides (p<0.05) and blood pressure (<0.05), SG showed a lower HOMA-IR (p=0.032). The consumption of sardine characteristics nutrients as omega-3, EPA and DHA, vitamin D, fluorine and taurine were higher for SG (p<0.05). These results agreed with the increased of taurine, fatty acid (FA) omega-3 and bile acids circulating metabolites (p<0.05). Changes erythrocyte membrane FA were detected only in SG with a decrease of 5 omega-6 FA (p<0.001) and an increase of 3 omega-3 FA types (p<0.001). CONCLUSION We conclude that a year T2D-prevention diet with sardine supplementation has a greater protective effect against developing T2D and CV events.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Díaz-Rizzolo
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) - Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain; Primary Healthcare Transversal Research Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Spain.
| | - A Serra
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) - Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Colungo
- Primary Healthcare Transversal Research Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Spain; Primary Care Centre, CAPSBE, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Sala-Vila
- IMIM - Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain; Fatty Acid Research Institute, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - A Sisó-Almirall
- Primary Healthcare Transversal Research Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Spain; Primary Care Centre, CAPSBE, Barcelona, Spain; University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - R Gomis
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) - Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain; University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Spain; Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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46
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Mariamenatu AH, Abdu EM. Overconsumption of Omega-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFAs) versus Deficiency of Omega-3 PUFAs in Modern-Day Diets: The Disturbing Factor for Their "Balanced Antagonistic Metabolic Functions" in the Human Body. J Lipids 2021; 2021:8848161. [PMID: 33815845 PMCID: PMC7990530 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8848161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) contain ≥2 double-bond desaturations within the acyl chain. Omega-3 (n-3) and Omega-6 (n-6) PUFAs are the two known important families in human health and nutrition. In both Omega families, many forms of PUFAs exist: α-linolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) from the n-3 family and linoleic acid (LA), dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA), and arachidonic acid (AA) from the n-6 family are the important PUFAs for human health. Omega-3 and Omega-6 PUFAs are competitively metabolized by the same set of desaturation, elongation, and oxygenase enzymes. The lipid mediators produced from their oxidative metabolism perform opposing (antagonistic) functions in the human body. Except for DGLA, n-6 PUFA-derived lipid mediators enhance inflammation, platelet aggregation, and vasoconstriction, while those of n-3 inhibit inflammation and platelet aggregation and enhance vasodilation. Overconsumption of n-6 PUFAs with low intake of n-3 PUFAs is highly associated with the pathogenesis of many modern diet-related chronic diseases. The volume of n-6 PUFAs is largely exceeding the volume of n-3PUFAs. The current n-6/n-3 ratio is 20-50/1. Due to higher ratios of n-6/n-3 in modern diets, larger quantities of LA- and AA-derived lipid mediators are produced, becoming the main causes of the formation of thrombus and atheroma, the allergic and inflammatory disorders, and the proliferation of cells, as well as the hyperactive endocannabinoid system. Therefore, in order to reduce all of these risks which are due to overconsumption of n-6 PUFAs, individuals are required to take both PUFAs in the highly recommended n-6/n-3 ratio which is 4-5/1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeba Haile Mariamenatu
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Natural and Computational Science, Debre Berhan University, P.O. Box 445, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
| | - Emebet Mohammed Abdu
- Department of Biology, College of Natural and Computational Science, Debre Berhan University, P.O. Box 445, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
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Amini MR, Djafari F, Sheikhhossein F, Yarizadeh H, Naghshi S, Shahavandi M, Payandeh N, Akbarzade Z, Djafarian K, Shab-Bidar S. Association of Nutrient Patterns and Their Relation with Obesity in Iranian Adults: a Population Based Study. Clin Nutr Res 2021; 10:59-71. [PMID: 33564653 PMCID: PMC7850815 DOI: 10.7762/cnr.2021.10.1.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present research, we have evaluated the association between patterns of nutrient intake and obesity. The present cross-sectional study recruited 850 adults aged between 20–59 years old. Dietary intakes were assessed with three 24-hour recalls. As well, data on anthropometric measures were collected. General obesity was specified as body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m2. Factor analysis was conducted, and followed by a varimax rotation, was performed to extract major nutrient patterns. Our analysis identified three major nutrient patterns: The first nutrient pattern was characterized by the high consumption of saturated fatty acids (SFAs), protein, vitamins B1, B2, B6, B5, B3, B12, Zinc, and iron. The second nutrient pattern was rich in total fat, polyunsaturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, SFAs, oleic acid, linolenic acid, zinc, vitamin E, α-tocopherol, and β-carotene. The third one was greatly loaded with protein, carbohydrate, potassium, magnesium, phosphorus, calcium, vitamin C, and folate. Women in the third quintile of the first pattern were less likely to be generally obese in the fully adjusted model (odds ratio, 0.44; 95% confidence interval, 0.25–0.75). None of the other nutrient patterns had a significant association with obesity, even after adjusting for confounders. Adherence to a nutrient pattern rich in water-soluble vitamins was significantly associated with a greater chance of general obesity among women. Further studies in other populations, along with future prospective studies, are required to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Amini
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19839-63113, Iran
| | - Farhang Djafari
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran 14167-53955, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Sheikhhossein
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran 14167-53955, Iran
| | - Habib Yarizadeh
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran 14167-53955, Iran
| | - Sina Naghshi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran 14167-53955, Iran
| | - Mahshid Shahavandi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran 14167-53955, Iran
| | - Nastaran Payandeh
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran 14167-53955, Iran
| | - Zahra Akbarzade
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran 14167-53955, Iran
| | - Kurosh Djafarian
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran 14167-53955, Iran
| | - Sakineh Shab-Bidar
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran 14167-53955, Iran
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Rome S, Blandin A, Le Lay S. Adipocyte-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: State of the Art. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041788. [PMID: 33670146 PMCID: PMC7916840 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
White adipose tissue (WAT) is involved in long-term energy storage and represents 10–15% of total body weight in healthy humans. WAT secretes many peptides (adipokines), hormones and steroids involved in its homeostatic role, especially in carbohydrate–lipid metabolism regulation. Recently, adipocyte-derived extracellular vesicles (AdEVs) have been highlighted as important actors of intercellular communication that participate in metabolic responses to control energy flux and immune response. In this review, we focus on the role of AdEVs in the cross-talks between the different cellular types composing WAT with regard to their contribution to WAT homeostasis and metabolic complications development. We also discuss the AdEV cargoes (proteins, lipids, RNAs) which may explain AdEV’s biological effects and demonstrate that, in terms of proteins, AdEV has a very specific signature. Finally, we list and suggest potential therapeutic strategies to modulate AdEV release and composition in order to reduce their deleterious effects during the development of metabolic complications associated with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Rome
- CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM/1060- INRAE/1397, University of Lyon, Lyon-Sud Faculty of Medicine, 69310 Pierre Benite, France
- Institute of Functional Genomic of Lyon (IGFL), ENS, CNRS UMR 5242, University of Lyon, 69364 Lyon, France
- Correspondence: (S.R.); (S.L.L.)
| | - Alexia Blandin
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, L’Institut du Thorax, F-44000 Nantes, France;
- Univ Angers, SFR ICAT, F-49000 Angers, France
| | - Soazig Le Lay
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, L’Institut du Thorax, F-44000 Nantes, France;
- Univ Angers, SFR ICAT, F-49000 Angers, France
- Correspondence: (S.R.); (S.L.L.)
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49
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Belhaj K, Mansouri F, Benmoumen A, Sindic M, Fauconnier ML, Boukharta M, Serghini CH, Elamrani A. Fatty acids, health lipid indices, and cholesterol content of sheep meat of three breeds from Moroccan pastures. Arch Anim Breed 2020; 63:471-482. [PMID: 33473372 PMCID: PMC7810224 DOI: 10.5194/aab-63-471-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The lipid analysis of commercial lamb's meat, from two main Moroccan production areas Middle Atlas and highlands of eastern Morocco, was conducted. This study concerns the lipid quality of sheep meat from Beni Guil (BG) and Timahdite (Ti) as indigenous breeds and that of the Ouled Djellal (ODj) breed of Algerian origin. To study the effect of the geographical area, the meat samples from the Beni Guil breed were taken in the two main locations of this breed: in the region of Ain Beni Mathar (BGA) and that of Tendrara (BGT). The fatty acid profiles of the sheep meats analyzed showed the following: (i) polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) richness was of 12.87 % and 20.59 % respectively for BGA and BGT breeds; (ii) polyunsaturated / saturated fatty acid ratios were ranged between 0.28 to 0.50 respectively for BGA and Ti breed; and (iii) PUFA- n - 3 content was 1.71 % for ODj breed and 2.13 % for BGA. Thus, the PUFA- n - 6 / PUFA n - 3 ratios range between 4.92 and 9.6 for BGA and Ti sheep meat, respectively. The cholesterol content was 0.08 % and 0.12 % of fresh meat respectively for ODj and BGA. Finally, meats of BGA and ODj have similar thrombogenicity (1.23 and 1.27 respectively) and atherogenicity indices (0.71 and 0.68 respectively). Statistically, these values were significantly higher than those registered for Ti breed (IT: 1.04 and AI: 0.51). In conclusion, from a nutritional point of view, it can be deduced that these meats have an interesting lipid quality due to their richness in desirable fatty acid (UFA + C18 : 0).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal Belhaj
- Laboratory for Improving Agricultural Productions, Biotechnology and Environment (LAPABE),
Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed First, 717, Oujda, 60000, Morocco
- Analysis Quality and Risk Unit, Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety (QSPA), Gembloux
Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux, 5030, Belgium
| | - Farid Mansouri
- Laboratory for Improving Agricultural Productions, Biotechnology and Environment (LAPABE),
Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed First, 717, Oujda, 60000, Morocco
| | - Abdessamad Benmoumen
- Laboratory for Improving Agricultural Productions, Biotechnology and Environment (LAPABE),
Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed First, 717, Oujda, 60000, Morocco
| | - Marianne Sindic
- Analysis Quality and Risk Unit, Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety (QSPA), Gembloux
Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux, 5030, Belgium
| | - Marie-Laure Fauconnier
- General and Organic Chemistry Unit, Gembloux Agro Bio-Tech, University of Liège,
Gembloux, 5030, Belgium
| | - Mohamed Boukharta
- Institute of Agricultural Industries, High School of Charlemagne, Huy, 4500, Belgium
| | - C. Hana Serghini
- Laboratory for Improving Agricultural Productions, Biotechnology and Environment (LAPABE),
Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed First, 717, Oujda, 60000, Morocco
| | - Ahmed Elamrani
- Laboratory for Improving Agricultural Productions, Biotechnology and Environment (LAPABE),
Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed First, 717, Oujda, 60000, Morocco
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Fatty Acids and Cardiovascular Risk. Evidence, Lack of Evidence, and Diligence. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12123782. [PMID: 33317164 PMCID: PMC7764656 DOI: 10.3390/nu12123782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most controversial areas of nutrition research relates to fats, particularly essential fatty acids, in the context of cardiovascular disease risk. A critical feature of dietary fatty acids is that they incorporate into the plasma membrane, modifying fluidity and key physiological functions. Importantly, they can reshape the bioavailability of eicosanoids and other lipid mediators, which direct cellular responses to external stimuli, such as inflammation and chronic stress conditions. This paper provides an overview of the most recent evidence, as well as historical controversies, linking fat consumption with human health and disease. We underscore current pitfalls in the area of fatty acid research and critically frame fatty acid intake in the larger context of diet and behavior. We conclude that fundamental research on fatty acids and lipids is appropriate in certain areas, but the rigor and reproducibility are lacking in others. The pros and cons are highlighted throughout the review, seeking to guide future research on the important area of nutrition, fat intake, and cardiovascular disease risk.
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