1
|
Kim SQ, Spann RA, Khan MSH, Berthoud HR, Münzberg H, Albaugh VL, He Y, McDougal DH, Soto P, Yu S, Morrison CD. FGF21 as a mediator of adaptive changes in food intake and macronutrient preference in response to protein restriction. Neuropharmacology 2024; 255:110010. [PMID: 38797244 PMCID: PMC11156534 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2024.110010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Free-feeding animals navigate complex nutritional landscapes in which food availability, cost, and nutritional value can vary markedly. Animals have thus developed neural mechanisms that enable the detection of nutrient restriction, and these mechanisms engage adaptive physiological and behavioral responses that limit or reverse this nutrient restriction. This review focuses specifically on dietary protein as an essential and independently defended nutrient. Adequate protein intake is required for life, and ample evidence exists to support an active defense of protein that involves behavioral changes in food intake, food preference, and food motivation, likely mediated by neural changes that increase the reward value of protein foods. Available evidence also suggests that the circulating hormone fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) acts in the brain to coordinate these adaptive changes in food intake, making it a unique endocrine signal that drives changes in macronutrient preference in the context of protein restriction. This article is part of the Special Issue on "Food intake and feeding states".
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sora Q Kim
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA
| | - Redin A Spann
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA
| | | | | | - Heike Münzberg
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA
| | - Vance L Albaugh
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA; Department of Surgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Yanlin He
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA
| | - David H McDougal
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA
| | - Paul Soto
- Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70810, USA
| | - Sangho Yu
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yeum D, Renier TJ, Masterson TD, Carlson DD, Ballarino GA, Lansigan RK, Loos RJF, Emond JA, Gilbert-Diamond D. Genetic associations with consumption of palatable foods in the absence of hunger in response to food cues in children. Pediatr Obes 2024:e13168. [PMID: 39197865 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.13168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to evaluate obesity-related genetic factors in relation to excess consumption and assess if food cues modify associations. METHODS Children (9-12 years) completed a randomized crossover experiment. During two visits, children ate a preload and then snacks ad libitum while watching television, embedded with food or non-food advertisements to assess eating in the absence of hunger (EAH). Primary exposures were obesity-associated genotypes, FTO rs9939609 and MC4R rs571312, and a paediatric-specific polygenic risk score (PRS). Outcomes included consumption of all snacks (total EAH) and gummy candy only (gummy candy EAH). Linear mixed-effects models tested whether genetic exposures related to EAH outcomes. We tested for effect modification by food cues using multiplicative interaction terms. RESULTS Among 177 children, each FTO risk allele was associated with a 30% increase in gummy candy EAH (p = 0.025) in adjusted models. Food cue exposure exacerbated associations between the FTO variant with gummy candy EAH (p = 0.046). No statistically significant associations were found between MC4R and EAH. CONCLUSION The results suggest children with the FTO rs9939609 risk allele may be predisposed to excess consumption of candy and that this association may be exacerbated by food cues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dabin Yeum
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Timothy J Renier
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Travis D Masterson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Health and Human Development, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Delaina D Carlson
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Grace A Ballarino
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Reina K Lansigan
- Department of Pediatrics, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Ruth J F Loos
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty for Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jennifer A Emond
- Department of Pediatrics, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Diane Gilbert-Diamond
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
- Department of Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kim DH, Lee MJ, Kang D, Khang AR, Bae JH, Kim JY, Kim SH, Kang YH, Yi D. Effects of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors on Transcription Regulation of AgRP and POMC Genes. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:7505-7515. [PMID: 39057086 PMCID: PMC11275895 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46070445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors regulate plasma glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) by inhibiting renal glucose reabsorption. This study investigated the impact of empagliflozin (EMPA), an SGLT2 inhibitor, on hypothalamic energy regulation. To directly investigate the role of SGLT2 inhibitors in the hypothalamus, we administered EMPA through intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injections into the murine ventricles. After dental cementing the i.c.v. cannula onto the skull, the mice were given 5 days to recover before receiving vehicle or EMPA (50 nM/2 μL) injections. In a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity model, we determined the gene expression levels of agouti-related peptide (AgRP) and pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) in the hypothalamus. Additionally, we assessed FoxO1 expression, which regulates AgRP and POMC gene transcription in hypothalamic cell lines. We found that EMPA directly influenced the expression of endogenous mRNA of POMC and AgRP, which are critical for energy homeostasis, and modulated their transcription in high-fat diet-induced obese mice. Additionally, EMPA affected the expression of FoxO1, a key transcriptional regulator of glucose homeostasis, thereby regulating the transcriptional activity of POMC and AgRP. These results indicate that EMPA significantly influences hypothalamic energy homeostasis, highlighting its potential as a regulator in obesity and T2DM management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hee Kim
- Department of BIT Fusion Technology Center, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea;
- Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea; (M.J.L.); (A.R.K.); (J.H.B.); (J.Y.K.); (S.H.K.); (Y.H.K.)
| | - Min Jin Lee
- Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea; (M.J.L.); (A.R.K.); (J.H.B.); (J.Y.K.); (S.H.K.); (Y.H.K.)
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Dasol Kang
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of National Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea;
| | - Ah Reum Khang
- Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea; (M.J.L.); (A.R.K.); (J.H.B.); (J.Y.K.); (S.H.K.); (Y.H.K.)
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Bae
- Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea; (M.J.L.); (A.R.K.); (J.H.B.); (J.Y.K.); (S.H.K.); (Y.H.K.)
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Yeon Kim
- Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea; (M.J.L.); (A.R.K.); (J.H.B.); (J.Y.K.); (S.H.K.); (Y.H.K.)
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Hyun Kim
- Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea; (M.J.L.); (A.R.K.); (J.H.B.); (J.Y.K.); (S.H.K.); (Y.H.K.)
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Yang Ho Kang
- Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea; (M.J.L.); (A.R.K.); (J.H.B.); (J.Y.K.); (S.H.K.); (Y.H.K.)
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongwon Yi
- Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea; (M.J.L.); (A.R.K.); (J.H.B.); (J.Y.K.); (S.H.K.); (Y.H.K.)
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Farzin M, Hassanpour S, Zendehdel M, vazir B, Asghari A. The effect of spexin injection and its interaction with nitric oxide, serotonin, and corticotropin receptors on the central regulation of food intake in broilers. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2024; 16:542-549. [PMID: 38746491 PMCID: PMC11090879 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Complex homeostatic control mechanisms are tools to adjust the food birds eat and their appetite. Birds and mammals differ in several ways considering food intake regulation. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the special effects of the intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of spexin and its interaction with nitric oxide, serotonin and corticotropin receptors on central food intake regulation in broilers. In the test 1, Broilers received ICV injection of saline, PCPA (p-chlorophenylalanine,1.25 µg), spexin (10 nmol) and PCPA+spexin. In test 2-7, 8-OH-DPAT, SB-242084 (5-HT2C, 1.5 µg), L-arginine (Precursor of nitric oxide, 200 nmol), L-NAME (nitric oxide synthetize inhibitor, 100 nmol), Astressin-B (30 µg) and Astressin2-B (30 µg) were injected to Broilers instead of the PCPA. Then, the amount of food received was measured up to 2 h after the injection. The food consumption was significantly decreased by Spexin (10 nmol) (P<0.05). Concomitant injection of SB-242084+spexin attenuated spexin-induced hypophagia (P<0.05). Co-injection of L-arginine+spexin enhanced spexin-induced hypophagia and this effect was reversed by L-NAME (P<0.05). Also, concomitant injection of Astressin-B + spexin or Astressin2-B + spexin enhanced spexin-induced hypophagia (P<0.05). Founded on these observations, spexin-induced hypophagia may be mediated by nitric oxide and 5-HT2C, CRF1, and CRF2 receptors in neonatal broilers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohaya Farzin
- Division of Physiology, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahin Hassanpour
- Division of Physiology, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Zendehdel
- Division of Physiology, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran 14155-6453, Iran
| | - Bita vazir
- Division of Physiology, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Asghari
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Fujioka Y, Kawai K, Endo K, Ishibashi M, Iwade N, Tuerde D, Kaibuchi K, Yamashita T, Yamanaka A, Katsuno M, Watanabe H, Sobue G, Ishigaki S. Stress-impaired reward pathway promotes distinct feeding behavior patterns. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1349366. [PMID: 38784098 PMCID: PMC11111882 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1349366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Although dietary behaviors are affected by neuropsychiatric disorders, various environmental conditions can have strong effects as well. We found that mice under multiple stresses, including social isolation, intermittent high-fat diet, and physical restraint, developed feeding behavior patterns characterized by a deviated bait approach (fixated feeding). All the tested stressors affected dopamine release at the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) shell and dopamine normalization reversed the feeding defects. Moreover, inhibition of dopaminergic activity in the ventral tegmental area that projects into the NAcc shell caused similar feeding pattern aberrations. Given that the deviations were not consistently accompanied by changes in the amount consumed or metabolic factors, the alterations in feeding behaviors likely reflect perturbations to a critical stress-associated pathway in the mesolimbic dopamine system. Thus, deviations in feeding behavior patterns that reflect reward system abnormalities can be sensitive biomarkers of psychosocial and physical stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Fujioka
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Research Division of Dementia and Neurodegenerative Disease, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kaori Kawai
- Research Division of Dementia and Neurodegenerative Disease, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kuniyuki Endo
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
- Research Division of Dementia and Neurodegenerative Disease, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Minaka Ishibashi
- Research Division of Dementia and Neurodegenerative Disease, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Iwade
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Dilina Tuerde
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Research Division of Dementia and Neurodegenerative Disease, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kozo Kaibuchi
- Research Project for Neural and Tumor Signaling, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Takayuki Yamashita
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Akihiro Yamanaka
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing (CIBR), Beijing, China
| | - Masahisa Katsuno
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hirohisa Watanabe
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Gen Sobue
- Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Ishigaki
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Research Division of Dementia and Neurodegenerative Disease, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Calcaterra V, Rossi V, Magenes VC, Baldassarre P, Grazi R, Loiodice M, Fabiano V, Zuccotti G. Dietary habits, depression and obesity: an intricate relationship to explore in pediatric preventive strategies. Front Pediatr 2024; 12:1368283. [PMID: 38523835 PMCID: PMC10957686 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2024.1368283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity and depression represent major health problems due to their high prevalence and morbidity rates. Numerous evidences elucidated the connections between dietary habits and the incidence or severity of depression. This overview aims to investigate the intricate relationship between dietary patterns and depression with the objective of elaborating preventive strategies for childhood obesity. Literature data recognized that there is a link between mood and food choices, with certain foods selected for their impact on the brain's reward centers. This behavior parallels the one observed in substance addiction, suggesting a specific neural mechanism for food addiction that contributes to overeating and obesity. It is important to note the significant correlation between obesity and depression, indicating a shared biological pathway influencing these conditions. Stress substantially affects also eating behaviors, often leading to increased consumption of pleasurable and rewarding foods. This can trigger a cycle of overeating, weight gain, and psychological distress, exacerbating mood disorders and obesity. In addition, consumption of certain types of foods, especially "comfort foods" high in fat and calories, may provide temporary relief from symptoms of depression, but can lead to long-term obesity and further mental health problems. Understanding these complex interactions is critical to developing preventive strategies focusing on dietary, emotional, and environmental factors, thereby reducing the risk of obesity and mood disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Calcaterra
- Pediatric and Adolescent Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Virginia Rossi
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Paola Baldassarre
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta Grazi
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Martina Loiodice
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Fabiano
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianvincenzo Zuccotti
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Fuchs BA, Pearce AL, Rolls BJ, Wilson SJ, Rose EJ, Geier CF, Garavan H, Keller KL. The Cerebellar Response to Visual Portion Size Cues Is Associated with the Portion Size Effect in Children. Nutrients 2024; 16:738. [PMID: 38474866 DOI: 10.3390/nu16050738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The neural mechanisms underlying susceptibility to eating more in response to large portions (i.e., the portion size effect) remain unclear. Thus, the present study examined how neural responses to portion size relate to changes in weight and energy consumed as portions increase. Associations were examined across brain regions traditionally implicated in appetite control (i.e., an appetitive network) as well as the cerebellum, which has recently been implicated in appetite-related processes. Children without obesity (i.e., BMI-for-age-and-sex percentile < 90; N = 63; 55% female) viewed images of larger and smaller portions of food during fMRI and, in separate sessions, ate four meals that varied in portion size. Individual-level linear and quadratic associations between intake (kcal, grams) and portion size (i.e., portion size slopes) were estimated. The response to portion size in cerebellar lobules IV-VI was associated with the quadratic portion size slope estimated from gram intake; a greater response to images depicting smaller compared to larger portions was associated with steeper increases in intake with increasing portion sizes. Within the appetitive network, neural responses were not associated with portion size slopes. A decreased cerebellar response to larger amounts of food may increase children's susceptibility to overeating when excessively large portions are served.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bari A Fuchs
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Alaina L Pearce
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Barbara J Rolls
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Stephen J Wilson
- Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Emma J Rose
- Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Charles F Geier
- Human Development and Family Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 31793, USA
| | - Hugh Garavan
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Kathleen L Keller
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Department of Food Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhao Y, Liu Y, Tao T, Zhang J, Guo W, Deng H, Han M, Mo H, Tong X, Lin S, Yang J, Zhai H, Wang Q, Hu Z, Zhang W, Chen H, Xu G. Gastric mechanosensitive channel Piezo1 regulates ghrelin production and food intake. Nat Metab 2024; 6:458-472. [PMID: 38467889 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-024-00995-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Ghrelin, produced mainly by gastric X/A-like cells, triggers a hunger signal to the central nervous system to stimulate appetite. It remains unclear whether X/A-like cells sense gastric distention and thus regulate ghrelin production. Here we show that PIEZO1 expression in X/A-like cells decreases in patients with obesity when compared to controls, whereas it increases after sleeve gastrectomy. Male and female mice with specific loss of Piezo1 in X/A-like cells exhibit hyperghrelinaemia and hyperphagia and are more susceptible to overweight. These phenotypes are associated with impairment of the gastric CaMKKII/CaMKIV-mTOR signalling pathway. Activation of PIEZO1 by Yoda1 or gastric bead implantation inhibits ghrelin production, decreases energy intake and induces weight loss in mice. Inhibition of ghrelin production by Piezo1 through the CaMKKII/CaMKIV-mTOR pathway can be recapitulated in a ghrelin-producing cell line mHypoE-42. Our study reveals a mechanical regulation of ghrelin production and appetite by PIEZO1 of X/A-like cells, which suggests a promising target for anti-obesity therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yawen Zhao
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tian Tao
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinshan Zhang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenying Guo
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Handan Deng
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengxue Han
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haocong Mo
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohan Tong
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Song Lin
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hening Zhai
- Endoscopy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qimeng Wang
- Biotherapy Center; Cell-gene Therapy Translational Medicine Research Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhengfang Hu
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau CNS Regeneration Institute of Jinan University, Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Jinan University)-Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weizhen Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Biotherapy Center; Cell-gene Therapy Translational Medicine Research Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Geyang Xu
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Viral Pathogenesis & Infection Prevention and Control (Jinan University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Salazar J, Duran P, Garrido B, Parra H, Hernández M, Cano C, Añez R, García-Pacheco H, Cubillos G, Vasquez N, Chacin M, Bermúdez V. Weight Regain after Metabolic Surgery: Beyond the Surgical Failure. J Clin Med 2024; 13:1143. [PMID: 38398456 PMCID: PMC10888585 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13041143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Patients undergoing metabolic surgery have factors ranging from anatomo-surgical, endocrine metabolic, eating patterns and physical activity, mental health and psychological factors. Some of the latter can explain the possible pathophysiological neuroendocrine, metabolic, and adaptive mechanisms that cause the high prevalence of weight regain in postbariatric patients. Even metabolic surgery has proven to be effective in reducing excess weight in patients with obesity; some of them regain weight after this intervention. In this vein, several studies have been conducted to search factors and mechanisms involved in weight regain, to stablish strategies to manage this complication by combining metabolic surgery with either lifestyle changes, behavioral therapies, pharmacotherapy, endoscopic interventions, or finally, surgical revision. The aim of this revision is to describe certain aspects and mechanisms behind weight regain after metabolic surgery, along with preventive and therapeutic strategies for this complication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Salazar
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo 4004, Venezuela
| | - Pablo Duran
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo 4004, Venezuela
| | - Bermary Garrido
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo 4004, Venezuela
| | - Heliana Parra
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo 4004, Venezuela
| | - Marlon Hernández
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo 4004, Venezuela
| | - Clímaco Cano
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo 4004, Venezuela
| | - Roberto Añez
- Departamento de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Quirónsalud, 28009 Madrid, Spain
| | - Henry García-Pacheco
- Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Cirugía, Universidad del Zulia, Hospital General del Sur, Dr. Pedro Iturbe, Maracaibo 4004, Venezuela
- Unidad de Cirugía para Obesidad y Metabolismo (UCOM), Maracaibo 4004, Venezuela
| | | | | | - Maricarmen Chacin
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla 080001, Colombia
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla 080001, Colombia
| | - Valmore Bermúdez
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla 080001, Colombia
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla 080001, Colombia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhu H, Wang W, Li Y. The interplay between microbiota and brain-gut axis in epilepsy treatment. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1276551. [PMID: 38344171 PMCID: PMC10853364 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1276551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The brain-gut axis plays a vital role in connecting the cognitive and emotional centers of the brain with the intricate workings of the intestines. An imbalance in the microbiota-mediated brain-gut axis extends far beyond conditions like Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) and obesity, playing a critical role in the development and progression of various neurological disorders, including epilepsy, depression, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and Parkinson's disease (PD). Epilepsy, a brain disorder characterized by unprovoked seizures, affects approximately 50 million people worldwide. Accumulating evidence suggests that rebuilding the gut microbiota through interventions such as fecal microbiota transplantation, probiotics, and ketogenic diets (KD) can benefit drug-resistant epilepsy. The disturbances in the gut microbiota could contribute to the toxic side effects of antiepileptic drugs and the development of drug resistance in epilepsy patients. These findings imply the potential impact of the gut microbiota on epilepsy and suggest that interventions targeting the microbiota, such as the KD, hold promise for managing and treating epilepsy. However, the full extent of the importance of microbiota in epilepsy treatment is not yet fully understood, and many aspects of this field remain unclear. Therefore, this article aims to provide an overview of the clinical and animal evidence supporting the regulatory role of gut microbiota in epilepsy, and of potential pathways within the brain-gut axis that may be influenced by the gut microbiota in epilepsy. Furthermore, we will discuss the recent advancements in epilepsy treatment, including the KD, fecal microbiota transplantation, and antiseizure drugs, all from the perspective of the gut microbiota.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanxiao Zhu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dali University, Dali, China
- Clinical Medical School, Dali University, Dali, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Neurobiology Laboratory, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dali University, Dali, China
- Clinical Medical School, Dali University, Dali, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Carullo N, Zicarelli M, Michael A, Faga T, Battaglia Y, Pisani A, Perticone M, Costa D, Ielapi N, Coppolino G, Bolignano D, Serra R, Andreucci M. Childhood Obesity: Insight into Kidney Involvement. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17400. [PMID: 38139229 PMCID: PMC10743690 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This review examines the impact of childhood obesity on the kidney from an epidemiological, pathogenetic, clinical, and pathological perspective, with the aim of providing pediatricians and nephrologists with the most current data on this topic. The prevalence of childhood obesity and chronic kidney disease (CKD) is steadily increasing worldwide, reaching epidemic proportions. While the impact of obesity in children with CKD is less pronounced than in adults, recent studies suggest a similar trend in the child population. This is likely due to the significant association between obesity and the two leading causes of end-stage renal disease (ESRD): diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypertension. Obesity is a complex, systemic disease that reflects interactions between environmental and genetic factors. A key mechanism of kidney damage is related to metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance. Therefore, we can speculate about an adipose tissue-kidney axis in which neurohormonal and immunological mechanisms exacerbate complications resulting from obesity. Adipose tissue, now recognized as an endocrine organ, secretes cytokines called adipokines that may induce adaptive or maladaptive responses in renal cells, leading to kidney fibrosis. The impact of obesity on kidney transplant-related outcomes for both donors and recipients is also significant, making stringent preventive measures critical in the pre- and post-transplant phases. The challenge lies in identifying renal involvement as early as possible, as it is often completely asymptomatic and not detectable through common markers of kidney function. Ongoing research into innovative technologies, such as proteomics and metabolomics, aims to identify new biomarkers and is constantly evolving. Many aspects of pediatric disease progression in the population of children with obesity still require clarification. However, the latest scientific evidence in the field of nephrology offers glimpses into various new perspectives, such as genetic factors, comorbidities, and novel biomarkers. Investigating these aspects early could potentially improve the prognosis of these young patients through new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Hence, the aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive exploration of the pathogenetic mechanisms and prevalent pathological patterns of kidney damage observed in children with obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nazareno Carullo
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (N.C.); (M.Z.); (A.M.); (T.F.); (G.C.)
| | - Mariateresa Zicarelli
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (N.C.); (M.Z.); (A.M.); (T.F.); (G.C.)
| | - Ashour Michael
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (N.C.); (M.Z.); (A.M.); (T.F.); (G.C.)
| | - Teresa Faga
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (N.C.); (M.Z.); (A.M.); (T.F.); (G.C.)
| | - Yuri Battaglia
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37129 Verona, Italy;
| | - Antonio Pisani
- Department of Public Health, University Federico II of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Maria Perticone
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.P.); (D.C.); (D.B.)
| | - Davide Costa
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.P.); (D.C.); (D.B.)
- Interuniversity Center of Phlebolymphology (CIFL), “Magna Graecia” University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Nicola Ielapi
- Interuniversity Center of Phlebolymphology (CIFL), “Magna Graecia” University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Disease, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Coppolino
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (N.C.); (M.Z.); (A.M.); (T.F.); (G.C.)
| | - Davide Bolignano
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.P.); (D.C.); (D.B.)
| | - Raffaele Serra
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.P.); (D.C.); (D.B.)
- Interuniversity Center of Phlebolymphology (CIFL), “Magna Graecia” University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Michele Andreucci
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (N.C.); (M.Z.); (A.M.); (T.F.); (G.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ferreira-Hermosillo A, de Miguel Ibañez R, Pérez-Dionisio EK, Villalobos-Mata KA. Obesity as a Neuroendocrine Disorder. Arch Med Res 2023; 54:102896. [PMID: 37945442 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2023.102896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is one of the most prevalent diseases in the world. Based on hundreds of clinical and basic investigations, its etiopathogenesis goes beyond the simple imbalance between energy intake and expenditure. The center of the regulation of appetite and satiety lies in the nuclei of the hypothalamus where peripheral signals derived from adipose tissue (e.g., leptin), the gastrointestinal tract, the pancreas, and other brain structures, arrive. These signals are part of the homeostatic control system (eating to survive). Additionally, a hedonic or reward system (eating for pleasure) is integrated into the regulation of appetite. This reward system consists of a dopaminergic circuit that affects eating-related behaviors influencing food preferences, food desires, gratification when eating, and impulse control to avoid compulsions. These systems are not separate. Indeed, many of the hormones that participate in the homeostatic system also participate in the regulation of the hedonic system. In addition, factors such as genetic and epigenetic changes, certain environmental and sociocultural elements, the microbiota, and neuronal proinflammatory effects of high-energy diets also contribute to the development of obesity. Therefore, obesity can be considered a complex neuroendocrine disease, and all of the aforementioned components should be considered for the management of obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aldo Ferreira-Hermosillo
- Endocrine Research Unit, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Regina de Miguel Ibañez
- Endocrinology Service, Hospital de Especialidades del Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Enid Karina Pérez-Dionisio
- Endocrinology Service, Hospital de Especialidades del Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Karen Alexandra Villalobos-Mata
- Endocrinology Service, Hospital de Especialidades del Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Alhindi YA, Khalifa N, Al-Khyatt W, Idris I. The use of non-invasive brain stimulation techniques to reduce body weight and food cravings: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Obes 2023; 13:e12611. [PMID: 37577814 DOI: 10.1111/cob.12611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Several studies demonstrated non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques such as transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) are safe and simple techniques that can reduce body weight, food cravings, and food consumption in patients with obesity. However, a systematic to evaluate the efficacy of active NIBS versus sham stimulation in reducing body weight and food cravings in patients with obesity is not available. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) using PubMed, Embase, MEDLINE, and Cochrane Central Register of Control Trial between January 1990 and February 2022. Mean differences (MDs) for continuous outcome variables with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were used to examine the effects of NIBS on body weight and body mass index (BMI), whereas the hedges's g test was used to measure the effects on food craving. Nineteen RCTs involving 571 participants were included in this study. Active neurostimulation (TMS and tDCS) was significantly more likely than sham stimulation to reduce body weight (TMS: -3.29 kg, 95% CI [-5.32, -1.26]; I2 = 48%; p < .001; tDCS: -0.82 kg, 95% CI [-1.01, -0.62]; I2 = 0.0%; p = .00) and BMI (TMS: -0.74, 95% CI [-1.17, -0.31]; I2 = 0% p = .00; tDCS: MD = -0.55, 95% CI [-2.32, 1.21]; I2 = 0% p = .54) as well as food cravings (TMS: g = -0.91, 95% CI [-1.68, -0.14]; I2 = 88 p = .00; tDCS: g = -0.32, 95% CI [-0.62, -0.02]; p = .04). Compared with sham stimulation, our findings indicate that active NIBS can significantly help to reduce body weight and food cravings. Hence, these novel techniques may be used as primary or adjunct tools in treating patients with obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yousef Abdullah Alhindi
- Clinical, Metabolic and Molecular Physiology, MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, National Institute for Health Research Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital, Nottingham, UK
- East Midlands Bariatric Metabolic Institute, Royal Derby Hospital, Derby, UK
- Division of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Najat Khalifa
- Queen's University Department of Psychiatry, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Waleed Al-Khyatt
- East Midlands Bariatric Metabolic Institute, Royal Derby Hospital, Derby, UK
| | - Iskandar Idris
- Clinical, Metabolic and Molecular Physiology, MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, National Institute for Health Research Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital, Nottingham, UK
- East Midlands Bariatric Metabolic Institute, Royal Derby Hospital, Derby, UK
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Flanagan EW, Spann R, Berry SE, Berthoud HR, Broyles S, Foster GD, Krakoff J, Loos RJF, Lowe MR, Ostendorf DM, Powell-Wiley TM, Redman LM, Rosenbaum M, Schauer PR, Seeley RJ, Swinburn BA, Hall K, Ravussin E. New insights in the mechanisms of weight-loss maintenance: Summary from a Pennington symposium. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2023; 31:2895-2908. [PMID: 37845825 PMCID: PMC10915908 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a chronic disease that affects more than 650 million adults worldwide. Obesity not only is a significant health concern on its own, but predisposes to cardiometabolic comorbidities, including coronary heart disease, dyslipidemia, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and some cancers. Lifestyle interventions effectively promote weight loss of 5% to 10%, and pharmacological and surgical interventions even more, with some novel approved drugs inducing up to an average of 25% weight loss. Yet, maintaining weight loss over the long-term remains extremely challenging, and subsequent weight gain is typical. The mechanisms underlying weight regain remain to be fully elucidated. The purpose of this Pennington Biomedical Scientific Symposium was to review and highlight the complex interplay between the physiological, behavioral, and environmental systems controlling energy intake and expenditure. Each of these contributions were further discussed in the context of weight-loss maintenance, and systems-level viewpoints were highlighted to interpret gaps in current approaches. The invited speakers built upon the science of obesity and weight loss to collectively propose future research directions that will aid in revealing the complicated mechanisms involved in the weight-reduced state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Redin Spann
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Sarah E. Berry
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
| | | | | | - Gary D. Foster
- WW International, New York, New York, USA
- Center for Weight and Eating Disorders, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jonathan Krakoff
- Obesity and Diabetes Clinical Research Section, Phoenix Epidemiology & Clinical Research Branch, NIDDK-Phoenix, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Ruth J. F. Loos
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Danielle M. Ostendorf
- Department of Medicine, Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Tiffany M. Powell-Wiley
- Social Determinants of Obesity and Cardiovascular Risk Laboratory, Cardiovascular Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Leanne M. Redman
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Michael Rosenbaum
- Division of Molecular Genetics and Irving Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Randy J. Seeley
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Boyd A. Swinburn
- School of Population Health, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Kevin Hall
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Eric Ravussin
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Al‐Alsheikh AS, Alabdulkader S, Miras AD, Goldstone AP. Effects of bariatric surgery and dietary interventions for obesity on brain neurotransmitter systems and metabolism: A systematic review of positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) studies. Obes Rev 2023; 24:e13620. [PMID: 37699864 PMCID: PMC10909448 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
This systematic review collates studies of dietary or bariatric surgery interventions for obesity using positron emission tomography and single-photon emission computed tomography. Of 604 publications identified, 22 met inclusion criteria. Twelve studies assessed bariatric surgery (seven gastric bypass, five gastric bypass/sleeve gastrectomy), and ten dietary interventions (six low-calorie diet, three very low-calorie diet, one prolonged fasting). Thirteen studies examined neurotransmitter systems (six used tracers for dopamine DRD2/3 receptors: two each for 11 C-raclopride, 18 F-fallypride, 123 I-IBZM; one for dopamine transporter, 123 I-FP-CIT; one used tracer for serotonin 5-HT2A receptor, 18 F-altanserin; two used tracers for serotonin transporter, 11 C-DASB or 123 I-FP-CIT; two used tracer for μ-opioid receptor, 11 C-carfentanil; one used tracer for noradrenaline transporter, 11 C-MRB); seven studies assessed glucose uptake using 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose; four studies assessed regional cerebral blood flow using 15 O-H2 O (one study also used arterial spin labeling); and two studies measured fatty acid uptake using 18 F-FTHA and one using 11 C-palmitate. The review summarizes findings and correlations with clinical outcomes, eating behavior, and mechanistic mediators. The small number of studies using each tracer and intervention, lack of dietary intervention control groups in any surgical studies, heterogeneity in time since intervention and degree of weight loss, and small sample sizes hindered the drawing of robust conclusions across studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alhanouf S. Al‐Alsheikh
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College LondonHammersmith HospitalLondonUK
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical SciencesKing Saud UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia
| | - Shahd Alabdulkader
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College LondonHammersmith HospitalLondonUK
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Health and Rehabilitation SciencesPrincess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia
| | - Alexander D. Miras
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College LondonHammersmith HospitalLondonUK
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Life and Health SciencesUlster UniversityLondonderryUK
| | - Anthony P. Goldstone
- PsychoNeuroEndocrinology Research Group, Division of Psychiatry, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College LondonHammersmith HospitalLondonUK
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wu S, Wang J, Xu Y, Zhang Z, Jin X, Liang Y, Ge Y, Zhan H, Peng L, Luo D, Li M, Bi W, Guan Q, He Z. Energy deficiency promotes rhythmic foraging behavior by activating neurons in paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1278906. [PMID: 37899828 PMCID: PMC10600490 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1278906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Dysregulation of feeding behavior leads to a variety of pathological manifestations ranging from obesity to anorexia. The foraging behavior of animals affected by food deficiency is not fully understood. Methods Home-Cage system was used to monitor the behaviors. Immunohistochemical staining was used to monitor the trend of neuronal activity. Chemogenetic approach was used to modify neuronal activity. Results We described here a unique mouse model of foraging behavior and unveiled that food deprivation significantly increases the general activities of mice with a daily rhythmic pattern, particularly foraging behavior. The increased foraging behavior is potentiated by food cues (mouthfeel, odor, size, and shape) and energy deficit, rather than macronutrient protein, carbohydrate, and fat. Notably, energy deficiency increases nocturnal neuronal activity in paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVH), accompanying a similar change in rhythmic foraging behavior. Activating neuronal activity in PVH enhances the amplitude of foraging behavior in mice. Conversely, inactivating neuronal activity in PVH decreases the amplitude of foraging behavior and impairs the rhythm of foraging behavior. Discussion These results illustrate that energy status and food cues regulate the rhythmic foraging behavior via PVH neuronal activity. Understanding foraging behavior provides insights into the underlying mechanism of eating-related disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital & Medical Integration and Practice Center, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Prevention and Control Engineering Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital & Medical Integration and Practice Center, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Prevention and Control Engineering Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yang Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital & Medical Integration and Practice Center, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Prevention and Control Engineering Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zicheng Zhang
- School of Information Management, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinchen Jin
- Advanced Medical Research Institute, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yixiao Liang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital & Medical Integration and Practice Center, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Prevention and Control Engineering Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yueping Ge
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital & Medical Integration and Practice Center, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Prevention and Control Engineering Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Huidong Zhan
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital & Medical Integration and Practice Center, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Prevention and Control Engineering Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Li Peng
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital & Medical Integration and Practice Center, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Prevention and Control Engineering Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Dandan Luo
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital & Medical Integration and Practice Center, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Prevention and Control Engineering Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Mengzhu Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital & Medical Integration and Practice Center, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Prevention and Control Engineering Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wenkai Bi
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital & Medical Integration and Practice Center, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Prevention and Control Engineering Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qingbo Guan
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital & Medical Integration and Practice Center, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Prevention and Control Engineering Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhao He
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital & Medical Integration and Practice Center, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Prevention and Control Engineering Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Guillaumin MCC, Viskaitis P, Bracey E, Burdakov D, Peleg-Raibstein D. Disentangling the role of NAc D1 and D2 cells in hedonic eating. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:3531-3547. [PMID: 37402855 PMCID: PMC10618099 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02131-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
Overeating is driven by both the hedonic component ('liking') of food, and the motivation ('wanting') to eat it. The nucleus accumbens (NAc) is a key brain center implicated in these processes, but how distinct NAc cell populations encode 'liking' and 'wanting' to shape overconsumption remains unclear. Here, we probed the roles of NAc D1 and D2 cells in these processes using cell-specific recording and optogenetic manipulation in diverse behavioral paradigms that disentangle reward traits of 'liking' and 'wanting' related to food choice and overeating in healthy mice. Medial NAc shell D2 cells encoded experience-dependent development of 'liking', while D1 cells encoded innate 'liking' during the first food taste. Optogenetic control confirmed causal links of D1 and D2 cells to these aspects of 'liking'. In relation to 'wanting', D1 and D2 cells encoded and promoted distinct aspects of food approach: D1 cells interpreted food cues while D2 cells also sustained food-visit-length that facilitates consumption. Finally, at the level of food choice, D1, but not D2, cell activity was sufficient to switch food preference, programming subsequent long-lasting overconsumption. By revealing complementary roles of D1 and D2 cells in consumption, these findings assign neural bases to 'liking' and 'wanting' in a unifying framework of D1 and D2 cell activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde C C Guillaumin
- Institute for Neuroscience, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zurich, 8603, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Paulius Viskaitis
- Institute for Neuroscience, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zurich, 8603, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Eva Bracey
- Institute for Neuroscience, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zurich, 8603, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Denis Burdakov
- Institute for Neuroscience, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zurich, 8603, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Daria Peleg-Raibstein
- Institute for Neuroscience, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zurich, 8603, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Strodl E, Sorensen P. The role of metacognitive beliefs versus meta-emotion beliefs in disordered eating. AUSTRALIAN PSYCHOLOGIST 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/00050067.2023.2181685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Esben Strodl
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Patrick Sorensen
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Maternal Over- and Malnutrition and Increased Risk for Addictive and Eating Disorders in the Offspring. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15051095. [PMID: 36904093 PMCID: PMC10004806 DOI: 10.3390/nu15051095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence from human and animal studies has shown that maternal overnutrition and/or obesity are linked with neurobehavioral changes in the offspring. This fetal programming is characterized by adaptive responses to changes in the nutritional state during early life. In the past decade, an association has been made between overconsumption of highly-palatable food by the mother during fetal development and abnormal behaviors resembling addiction in the offspring. Maternal overnutrition can lead to alterations in the offspring's brain reward circuitry leading to hyperresponsiveness of this circuit following exposure to calorie-dense foods later in life. Given the accumulating evidence indicating that the central nervous system plays a pivotal role in regulating food intake, energy balance, and the motivation to seek food, a dysfunction in the reward circuitry may contribute to the addiction-like behaviors observed in the offspring. However, the underlying mechanisms leading to these alterations in the reward circuitry during fetal development and their relevance to the increased risk for the offspring to later develop addictive-like behaviors is still unclear. Here, we review the most relevant scientific reports about the impact of food overconsumption during fetal development and its effect on addictive-like behaviors of the offspring in the context of eating disorders and obesity.
Collapse
|
20
|
Poghosyan V, Ioannou S, Al-Amri KM, Al-Mashhadi SA, Al-Mohammed F, Al-Otaibi T, Al-Saeed W. Spatiotemporal profile of altered neural reactivity to food images in obesity: Reward system is altered automatically and predicts efficacy of weight loss intervention. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:948063. [PMID: 36845430 PMCID: PMC9944082 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.948063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Obesity presents a significant public health problem. Brain plays a central role in etiology and maintenance of obesity. Prior neuroimaging studies have found that individuals with obesity exhibit altered neural responses to images of food within the brain reward system and related brain networks. However, little is known about the dynamics of these neural responses or their relationship to later weight change. In particular, it is unknown if in obesity, the altered reward response to food images emerges early and automatically, or later, in the controlled stage of processing. It also remains unclear if the pretreatment reward system reactivity to food images is predictive of subsequent weight loss intervention outcome. Methods In this study, we presented high-calorie and low-calorie food, and nonfood images to individuals with obesity, who were then prescribed lifestyle changes, and matched normal-weight controls, and examined neural reactivity using magnetoencephalography (MEG). We performed whole-brain analysis to explore and characterize large-scale dynamics of brain systems affected in obesity, and tested two specific hypotheses: (1) in obese individuals, the altered reward system reactivity to food images occurs early and automatically, and (2) pretreatment reward system reactivity predicts the outcome of lifestyle weight loss intervention, with reduced activity associated with successful weight loss. Results We identified a distributed set of brain regions and their precise temporal dynamics that showed altered response patterns in obesity. Specifically, we found reduced neural reactivity to food images in brain networks of reward and cognitive control, and elevated reactivity in regions of attentional control and visual processing. The hypoactivity in reward system emerged early, in the automatic stage of processing (< 150 ms post-stimulus). Reduced reward and attention responsivity, and elevated neural cognitive control were predictive of weight loss after six months in treatment. Discussion In summary, we have identified, for the first time with high temporal resolution, the large-scale dynamics of brain reactivity to food images in obese versus normal-weight individuals, and have confirmed both our hypotheses. These findings have important implications for our understanding of neurocognition and eating behavior in obesity, and can facilitate development of novel integrated treatment strategies, including tailored cognitive-behavioral and pharmacological therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vahe Poghosyan
- Department of Neurophysiology, National Neuroscience Institute, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,*Correspondence: Vahe Poghosyan,
| | - Stephanos Ioannou
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid M. Al-Amri
- Obesity, Endocrinology and Metabolism Center, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sufana A. Al-Mashhadi
- Research Unit, National Neuroscience Institute, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fedaa Al-Mohammed
- Department of Neurophysiology, National Neuroscience Institute, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tahani Al-Otaibi
- Department of Neurophysiology, National Neuroscience Institute, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wjoud Al-Saeed
- Research Unit, National Neuroscience Institute, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Gallop MR, Tobin SY, Chaix A. Finding balance: understanding the energetics of time-restricted feeding in mice. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2023; 31 Suppl 1:22-39. [PMID: 36513496 PMCID: PMC9877167 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Over the course of mammalian evolution, the ability to store energy likely conferred a survival advantage when food became scarce. A long-term increase in energy storage results from an imbalance between energy intake and energy expenditure, two tightly regulated parameters that generally balance out to maintain a fairly stable body weight. Understanding the molecular determinants of this feat likely holds the key to new therapeutic development to manage obesity and associated metabolic dysfunctions. Time-restricted feeding (TRF), a dietary intervention that limits feeding to the active phase, can prevent and treat obesity and metabolic dysfunction in rodents fed a high-fat diet, likely by exerting effects on energetic balance. Even when body weight is lower in mice on active-phase TRF, food intake is generally isocaloric as compared with ad libitum fed controls. This discrepancy between body weight and energy intake led to the hypothesis that energy expenditure is increased during TRF. However, at present, there is no consensus in the literature as to how TRF affects energy expenditure and energy balance as a whole, and the mechanisms behind metabolic adaptation under TRF are unknown. This review examines our current understanding of energy balance on TRF in rodents and provides a framework for future studies to evaluate the energetics of TRF and its molecular determinants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Molly R Gallop
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Selene Y Tobin
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Amandine Chaix
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Przybysz JT, DiBrog AM, Kern KA, Mukherjee A, Japa JE, Waite MH, Mietlicki-Baase EG. Macronutrient intake: Hormonal controls, pathological states, and methodological considerations. Appetite 2023; 180:106365. [PMID: 36347305 PMCID: PMC10563642 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2022.106365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A plethora of studies to date has examined the roles of feeding-related peptides in the control of food intake. However, the influence of these peptides on the intake of particular macronutrient constituents of food - carbohydrate, fat, and protein - has not been as extensively addressed in the literature. Here, the roles of several feeding-related peptides in controlling macronutrient intake are reviewed. Next, the relationship between macronutrient intake and diseases including diabetes mellitus, obesity, and eating disorders are examined. Finally, some key considerations in macronutrient intake research are discussed. We hope that this review will shed light onto this underappreciated topic in ingestive behavior research and will help to guide further scientific investigation in this area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johnathan T Przybysz
- Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA
| | - Adrianne M DiBrog
- Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA
| | - Katherine A Kern
- Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA
| | - Ashmita Mukherjee
- Psychology, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
| | - Jason E Japa
- Biotechnical and Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA
| | - Mariana H Waite
- Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA
| | - Elizabeth G Mietlicki-Baase
- Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA; Center for Ingestive Behavior Research, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Prida E, Álvarez-Delgado S, Pérez-Lois R, Soto-Tielas M, Estany-Gestal A, Fernø J, Seoane LM, Quiñones M, Al-Massadi O. Liver Brain Interactions: Focus on FGF21 a Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113318. [PMID: 36362103 PMCID: PMC9658462 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 21 is a pleiotropic hormone secreted mainly by the liver in response to metabolic and nutritional challenges. Physiologically, fibroblast growth factor 21 plays a key role in mediating the metabolic responses to fasting or starvation and acts as an important regulator of energy homeostasis, glucose and lipid metabolism, and insulin sensitivity, in part by its direct action on the central nervous system. Accordingly, pharmacological recombinant fibroblast growth factor 21 therapies have been shown to counteract obesity and its related metabolic disorders in both rodents and nonhuman primates. In this systematic review, we discuss how fibroblast growth factor 21 regulates metabolism and its interactions with the central nervous system. In addition, we also state our vision for possible therapeutic uses of this hepatic-brain axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Prida
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS/SERGAS), Travesía da Choupana s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Sara Álvarez-Delgado
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS/SERGAS), Travesía da Choupana s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Raquel Pérez-Lois
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS/SERGAS), Travesía da Choupana s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Mateo Soto-Tielas
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS/SERGAS), Travesía da Choupana s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ana Estany-Gestal
- Unidad de Metodología de la Investigación, Fundación Instituto de Investigación de Santiago (FIDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Johan Fernø
- Hormone Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, 5201 Bergen, Norway
| | - Luisa María Seoane
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS/SERGAS), Travesía da Choupana s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Mar Quiñones
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS/SERGAS), Travesía da Choupana s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.Q.); (O.A.-M.); Tel.: +34-981955708 (M.Q.); +34-981955522 (O.A.-M.)
| | - Omar Al-Massadi
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS/SERGAS), Travesía da Choupana s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.Q.); (O.A.-M.); Tel.: +34-981955708 (M.Q.); +34-981955522 (O.A.-M.)
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Peters KZ, Naneix F. The role of dopamine and endocannabinoid systems in prefrontal cortex development: Adolescence as a critical period. Front Neural Circuits 2022; 16:939235. [PMID: 36389180 PMCID: PMC9663658 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2022.939235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The prefrontal cortex plays a central role in the control of complex cognitive processes including action control and decision making. It also shows a specific pattern of delayed maturation related to unique behavioral changes during adolescence and allows the development of adult cognitive processes. The adolescent brain is extremely plastic and critically vulnerable to external insults. Related to this vulnerability, adolescence is also associated with the emergence of numerous neuropsychiatric disorders involving alterations of prefrontal functions. Within prefrontal microcircuits, the dopamine and the endocannabinoid systems have widespread effects on adolescent-specific ontogenetic processes. In this review, we highlight recent advances in our understanding of the maturation of the dopamine system and the endocannabinoid system in the prefrontal cortex during adolescence. We discuss how they interact with GABA and glutamate neurons to modulate prefrontal circuits and how they can be altered by different environmental events leading to long-term neurobiological and behavioral changes at adulthood. Finally, we aim to identify several future research directions to help highlight gaps in our current knowledge on the maturation of these microcircuits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kate Zara Peters
- Sussex Neuroscience, School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Falmer, United Kingdom
| | - Fabien Naneix
- The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom,*Correspondence: Fabien Naneix
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Obesity-Related Genes Expression in Testes and Sperm Parameters Respond to GLP-1 and Caloric Restriction. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10102609. [PMID: 36289871 PMCID: PMC9599882 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10102609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Calorie restriction (CR) diets and glucagon-Like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogs are known to alter energy homeostasis with the potential to affect the expression of obesity-related genes (ORGs). We hypothesized that CR and GLP-1 administration can alter ORGs expression in spermatozoa and testes, as well as the sperm parameters implicated in male fertility. Materials and Methods: Six-week-old adult male Wistar rats (n = 16) were divided into three groups, submitted either to CR (n = 6, fed with 30% less chow diet than the control rats), GLP-1 administration (n = 5, 3.5 pmol/min/kg intraperitoneal) for 28 days, or used as controls (n = 5, fed ad libitum). Selected ORGs expression, namely the fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO), melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R), glucosamine-6-phosphate deaminase 2 (GNPDA2), and transmembrane protein 18 (TMEM18) were evaluated in testes and spermatozoa by a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Results: CR resulted in lower body weight gain and insulin resistance, but a higher percentage of sperm head defects. GLP-1 administration, despite showing no influence on body weight or glucose homeostasis, resulted in a lower percentage of sperm head defects. CR and GLP-1 administration were associated with a higher expression of all ORGs in the testes. Under CR conditions, the genes FTO and TMEM18 expression in the testes and the MC4R and TMEM18 transcripts abundance in sperm were positively correlated with the spermatozoa oxidative status. The abundance of FTO and TMEM18 in the spermatozoa of rats under CR were positively correlated with sperm concentration, while the testes’ TMEM18 expression was also positively correlated with sperm vitality and negatively correlated with insulin resistance. Testes GNPDA2 expression was negatively correlated with sperm head defects. Conclusions: CR and GLP-1 administration results in higher ORGs expression in testes, and these were correlated with several alterations in sperm fertility parameters.
Collapse
|
26
|
van Ruiten CC, Veltman DJ, Wijdeveld M, ten Kulve JS, Kramer MHH, Nieuwdorp M, IJzerman RG. Combination therapy with exenatide decreases the dapagliflozin-induced changes in brain responses to anticipation and consumption of palatable food in patients with type 2 diabetes: A randomized controlled trial. Diabetes Obes Metab 2022; 24:1588-1597. [PMID: 35491524 PMCID: PMC9546212 DOI: 10.1111/dom.14732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors induce less weight loss than expected. This may be explained by sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor-induced alterations in central reward- and satiety circuits, leading to increased appetite and food intake. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists reduce appetite and body weight because of direct and indirect effects on the brain. We investigated the separate and combined effects of dapagliflozin and exenatide on the brain in response to the anticipation and consumption of food in people with obesity and type 2 diabetes. MATERIALS AND METHODS As part of a larger study, this was a 16 week, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Subjects with obesity and type 2 diabetes were randomized (1:1:1:1) to dapagliflozin 10 mg with exenatide-matched placebo, exenatide twice-daily 10 μg with dapagliflozin-matched placebo, dapagliflozin plus exenatide, or double placebo. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, the effects of treatments on brain responses to the anticipation of food and food receipt were assessed after 10 days and 16 weeks. RESULTS After 10 days, dapagliflozin increased activation in right amygdala and right caudate nucleus in response to the anticipation of food, and tended to decrease activation in right amygdala in response to actual food receipt. After 16 weeks, no changes in brain activation were observed with dapagliflozin. Dapagliflozin plus exenatide reduced activation in right caudate nucleus and amygdala to the anticipation of food, and decreased activation in the right amygdala in response to food receipt after 16 weeks. CONCLUSIONS The dapagliflozin-induced changes in brain activation may contribute to the discrepancy between observed and expected weight loss with dapagliflozin. Exenatide blunted the dapagliflozin-induced changes in brain activation, which may contribute to the additional weight loss with combined treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte C. van Ruiten
- Diabetes Center, Department of Internal MedicineAmsterdam University Medical Center, Location VU University Medical CenterAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Dick J. Veltman
- Department of PsychiatryAmsterdam University Medical Center, Location VU University Medical CenterAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Madelief Wijdeveld
- Diabetes Center, Department of Internal MedicineAmsterdam University Medical Center, Location VU University Medical CenterAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Jennifer S ten Kulve
- Diabetes Center, Department of Internal MedicineAmsterdam University Medical Center, Location VU University Medical CenterAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of Vascular MedicineAmsterdam University Medical Center, Location AMCAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Mark H. H. Kramer
- Diabetes Center, Department of Internal MedicineAmsterdam University Medical Center, Location VU University Medical CenterAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Max Nieuwdorp
- Diabetes Center, Department of Internal MedicineAmsterdam University Medical Center, Location VU University Medical CenterAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of Vascular MedicineAmsterdam University Medical Center, Location AMCAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Richard G. IJzerman
- Diabetes Center, Department of Internal MedicineAmsterdam University Medical Center, Location VU University Medical CenterAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Micarelli A, Mrakic-Sposta S, Micarelli B, Malacrida S, Misici I, Carbini V, Iennaco I, Caputo S, Vezzoli A, Alessandrini M. Smell Impairment in Stage I-II Obesity: Correlation with Biochemical Regulators and Clinical Aspects. Laryngoscope 2022; 132:2028-2035. [PMID: 35906890 DOI: 10.1002/lary.30325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the differences in olfactory sensitivity, nutritional habits, levels of modulators of feeding and smell, bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) measures and metabolic assays between two groups of participants with stage I and II obesity and reciprocal relationships between these parameters. METHODS Eighteen participants with stage I (11 female; mean age = 54.3 ± 13.1 years) and 20 participants with stage II (10 female; mean age = 54.5 ± 11.9) obesity underwent a food frequency questionnaire and Sniffin' Sticks® test battery, anthropometric parameters, and BIA measurements as well as metabolic assays (including plasma levels of leptin, insulin, ghrelin, glucose, insulin-like growth factor-1 [IGF-1] and usual laboratory parameters). RESULTS The stage II obesity participants demonstrated significant higher levels of insulin and leptin and lower levels of ghrelin and IGF-1, a reduction in odor identification (OI) and in total olfactory score, and an increase in visceral and total fat percentage. Among a mosaic of multiple correlations, ghrelin was found to positively correlate with OI and leptin negatively with odor discrimination. CONCLUSION The present study expands the notions positing the olfactory perception - and its connections with metabolic cues, foods habits and BIA measures - changes across the two most important obesity stages. This could ameliorate clinical and research deepening of obesity-related olfactory behavior with possible consequences on diagnosis, treatment and prevention of onset and development of obesity, thus opening possible future strategies involving multidisciplinary contributions. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level 3 Laryngoscope, 2022.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Micarelli
- Unit of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation and Sensory Organs, UNITER ONLUS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Beatrice Micarelli
- Unit of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation and Sensory Organs, UNITER ONLUS, Rome, Italy
| | - Sandro Malacrida
- Institute of Mountain Emergency Medicine, Eurac Research, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Ilaria Misici
- Unit of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation and Sensory Organs, UNITER ONLUS, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Carbini
- Unit of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation and Sensory Organs, UNITER ONLUS, Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Iennaco
- Unit of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation and Sensory Organs, UNITER ONLUS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Alessandra Vezzoli
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council (CNR), Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Alessandrini
- University of Rome Tor Vergata, Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine - ENT Unit, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Angelidi AM, Belanger MJ, Kokkinos A, Koliaki CC, Mantzoros CS. Novel Noninvasive Approaches to the Treatment of Obesity: From Pharmacotherapy to Gene Therapy. Endocr Rev 2022; 43:507-557. [PMID: 35552683 PMCID: PMC9113190 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnab034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Recent insights into the pathophysiologic underlying mechanisms of obesity have led to the discovery of several promising drug targets and novel therapeutic strategies to address the global obesity epidemic and its comorbidities. Current pharmacologic options for obesity management are largely limited in number and of modest efficacy/safety profile. Therefore, the need for safe and more efficacious new agents is urgent. Drugs that are currently under investigation modulate targets across a broad range of systems and tissues, including the central nervous system, gastrointestinal hormones, adipose tissue, kidney, liver, and skeletal muscle. Beyond pharmacotherapeutics, other potential antiobesity strategies are being explored, including novel drug delivery systems, vaccines, modulation of the gut microbiome, and gene therapy. The present review summarizes the pathophysiology of energy homeostasis and highlights pathways being explored in the effort to develop novel antiobesity medications and interventions but does not cover devices and bariatric methods. Emerging pharmacologic agents and alternative approaches targeting these pathways and relevant research in both animals and humans are presented in detail. Special emphasis is given to treatment options at the end of the development pipeline and closer to the clinic (ie, compounds that have a higher chance to be added to our therapeutic armamentarium in the near future). Ultimately, advancements in our understanding of the pathophysiology and interindividual variation of obesity may lead to multimodal and personalized approaches to obesity treatment that will result in safe, effective, and sustainable weight loss until the root causes of the problem are identified and addressed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angeliki M Angelidi
- Section of Endocrinology, VA Boston Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matthew J Belanger
- Department of Medicine Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexander Kokkinos
- First Department of Propaedeutic Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Chrysi C Koliaki
- First Department of Propaedeutic Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Christos S Mantzoros
- Section of Endocrinology, VA Boston Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Rapid and Lasting Effects of Activating BDNF-Expressing PVH Neurons on Energy Balance. eNeuro 2022; 9:ENEURO.0009-22.2022. [PMID: 35338053 PMCID: PMC8994543 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0009-22.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its receptor, tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB), are implicit in causing obesity. Mutations that reduce BDNF and TrkB expression are associated with obesity in humans and mice. Recently, it was reported that Bdnf gene deletion in the neurons of the paraventricular hypothalamus (PVH) caused positive energy balance and severe obesity in the form of hyperphagia, impaired adaptive thermogenesis, and decreased energy expenditure. Thus, we hypothesize that activation of these neurons will have the opposite effect and provide an opportunity for long-lasting obesity treatment. To specifically activate BDNF-expressing PVH (PVHBDNF) neurons, we injected Cre-dependent adeno-associated virus (AAV) expressing the excitatory DREADD hM3Dq bilaterally into the PVH of Bdnf2A-Cre/+ knock-in mice and then administered clozapine-N-oxide (CNO). Using this technique, we demonstrated that acute activation of these neurons rapidly decreased normal nocturnal feeding and fasting-induced feeding in male and female mice. At thermoneutral temperatures, acute activation also rapidly increased adaptive thermogenesis, increased core body temperature, increased locomotion, increased energy expenditure, and decreased respiratory exchange ratio (RER) in male and female mice. These observations indicate that acute stimulation of PVHBDNF neurons promotes negative energy balance and weight loss. However, the rapid decrease in RER after activation of PVHBDNF neurons was followed by a delayed and prolonged increase in RER that remained elevated for 3 d in female mice. Thus, although acute activation of PVHBDNF neurons promotes negative energy balance in the short term, long-term effects of activation include sexually dimorphic overcompensatory mechanisms that may promote positive energy balance in female mice.
Collapse
|
30
|
Chen L, Wu H, Li Y, Feng X, Zhu S, Xie K, Wu X, Sun Z, Shu G, Wang S, Gao P, Zhu X, Zhu C, Jiang Q, Wang L. Corticotropin-releasing factor receptor type 2 in the midbrain critically contributes to the hedonic feeding behavior of mice under heat stress. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 602:77-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.02.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
31
|
Giel KE, Bulik CM, Fernandez-Aranda F, Hay P, Keski-Rahkonen A, Schag K, Schmidt U, Zipfel S. Binge eating disorder. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2022; 8:16. [PMID: 35301358 PMCID: PMC9793802 DOI: 10.1038/s41572-022-00344-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Binge eating disorder (BED) is characterized by regular binge eating episodes during which individuals ingest comparably large amounts of food and experience loss of control over their eating behaviour. The worldwide prevalence of BED for the years 2018-2020 is estimated to be 0.6-1.8% in adult women and 0.3-0.7% in adult men. BED is commonly associated with obesity and with somatic and mental health comorbidities. People with BED experience considerable burden and impairments in quality of life, and, at the same time, BED often goes undetected and untreated. The aetiology of BED is complex, including genetic and environmental factors as well as neuroendocrinological and neurobiological contributions. Neurobiological findings highlight impairments in reward processing, inhibitory control and emotion regulation in people with BED, and these neurobiological domains are targets for emerging treatment approaches. Psychotherapy is the first-line treatment for BED. Recognition and research on BED has increased since its inclusion into DSM-5; however, continuing efforts are needed to understand underlying mechanisms of BED and to improve prevention and treatment outcomes for this disorder. These efforts should also include screening, identification and implementation of evidence-based interventions in routine clinical practice settings such as primary care and mental health outpatient clinics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katrin E Giel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
- Center of Excellence for Eating Disorders (KOMET), Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Cynthia M Bulik
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Fernando Fernandez-Aranda
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Phillipa Hay
- Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Camden and Campbelltown Hospitals, SWSLHD, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Kathrin Schag
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Center of Excellence for Eating Disorders (KOMET), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ulrike Schmidt
- Section of Eating Disorders, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Stephan Zipfel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Center of Excellence for Eating Disorders (KOMET), Tübingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Ataeinosrat A, Haghighi MM, Abednatanzi H, Soltani M, Ghanbari-Niaki A, Nouri-Habashi A, Amani-Shalamzari S, Mossayebi A, Khademosharie M, Johnson KE, VanDusseldorp TA, Saeidi A, Zouhal H. Effects of Three Different Modes of Resistance Training on Appetite Hormones in Males With Obesity. Front Physiol 2022; 13:827335. [PMID: 35264977 PMCID: PMC8900747 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.827335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study explored the effect of three different modes of resistance training on appetite hormones [leptin, ghrelin, cholecystokinin (CCK), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), and peptide tyrosine–tyrosine (PYY)], cardiometabolic and anthropometric measures in males with obesity. Methods Forty-four males with obesity (age: 27.5 ± 9.4 yrs.; mean weight: 93.2 ± 2.2 kg, body mass index: 32.9 ± 1.2 kg/m2) were randomized to traditional resistance training (TRT, n = 11), circuit resistance training (CRT, n = 11), interval resistance training (IRT, n = 11) or control (C, n = 11) groups. All resistance training groups received 50 min of supervised training per session, three days per week, for 12 weeks. Measurements were taken at baseline and after 12 weeks of training. Results Plasma levels of leptin, ghrelin, CCK, and PYY decreased significantly in all three different modalities of resistance training groups when compared to the control group (p < 0.05). GLP-1 increased significantly in both CRT and IRT groups compared to TRT and C groups (p < 0.05). Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide decreased significantly in CRT and IRT groups compared to the C group (p < 0.05). Adiponectin levels increased significantly in all resistance training groups compared to the C group (p < 0.05). Conclusion Overall, CRT and IRT protocols had the greatest impact on appetite hormones compared to individuals who engaged in TRT or did not exercise (C).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ataeinosrat
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Hossein Abednatanzi
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Soltani
- Department of Biological Sciences in Sport, Faculty of Sports Sciences and Health, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbass Ghanbari-Niaki
- Exercise Biochemistry Division, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Mazandaran, Iran
| | - Akbar Nouri-Habashi
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Corrective Movements, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Sadegh Amani-Shalamzari
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Mossayebi
- Department of Kinesiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Mitra Khademosharie
- Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Literature, Kosar University of Bojnord, Bojnord, Iran
| | - Kelly E Johnson
- Department of Kinesiology, Coastal Carolina University, Conway, SC, United States
| | - Trisha A VanDusseldorp
- Department of Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, United States
| | - Ayoub Saeidi
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Hassane Zouhal
- Laboratoire Mouvement, Sport, Santé (M2S), University of Rennes, Rennes, France.,Institut International des Sciences du Sport (2I2S), Iroduer, France
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Díaz-Rúa A, Chivite M, Comesaña S, Conde-Sieira M, Soengas JL. The Opioid System in Rainbow Trout Telencephalon Is Probably Involved in the Hedonic Regulation of Food Intake. Front Physiol 2022; 13:800218. [PMID: 35299666 PMCID: PMC8921556 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.800218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We hypothesize that opioids are involved in the regulation of food intake in fish through homeostatic and hedonic mechanisms. Therefore, we evaluated in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) hypothalamus and telencephalon changes in precursors, endogenous ligands and receptors of the opioid system under different situations aimed to induce changes in the homeostatic (through fasted/fed/refed fish) and hedonic (through feeding fish a control or a palatable high-fat diet) regulation of food intake. No major changes occurred in parameters assessed related with the nutritional condition of fish (fasted/fed/refed), allowing us to suggest that the opioid system seems not to have an important role in the homeostatic regulation of food intake in rainbow trout. The responses observed in telencephalon of rainbow trout fed the palatable high-fat diet included a decrease in mRNA abundance of the opioid precursor penka, in a way similar to that known in mammals, and increased mRNA abundance of the opioid receptors oprd1 and oprk1 supporting a role for telencephalic opioid system in the hedonic regulation of food intake in fish.
Collapse
|
34
|
Polito R, Valenzano A, Monda V, Cibelli G, Monda M, Messina G, Villano I, Messina A. Heart Rate Variability and Sympathetic Activity Is Modulated by Very Low-Calorie Ketogenic Diet. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19042253. [PMID: 35206443 PMCID: PMC8872337 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19042253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is characterized by an energy imbalance and by the accumulation of visceral adipose tissue. The energy balance is controlled by a complex set of balanced physiological systems that provide hunger and satiety signals to the brain and regulate the body’s ability to consume energy. The central nervous system controls the metabolic state, influencing the activity of other systems and receiving information from them. Heart rate variability (HRV) is the natural variability of the heart rate in response to several factors. HRV is related to the interaction between the SNS and the parasympathetic. In the light of this evidence, the aim of this study is to investigate the possible effects of the two different dietary regimens such as very low-calorie ketogenic diet (VLCKD) vs. low caloric diet (LCD), on the functions of the nervous system, with particular attention to the autonomous control of heart rate variability (HRV). A total of 26 obese subjects underwent diet therapy in order to reduce body weight; they were also randomly divided into two groups: the VLCKD group and the LCD group. Our results showed that in both groups, there is a reduction in heart rate as an indicator of sympathetic activity; we found a statistically significant variation only in the VLCKD group. Therefore, this study supports the notion that the sympathovagal balance can be modulated by a specific diet, but further studies are needed to clarify the molecular pathway undergoing this modulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rita Polito
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71100 Foggia, Italy; (R.P.); (A.V.); (G.C.); (G.M.)
| | - Anna Valenzano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71100 Foggia, Italy; (R.P.); (A.V.); (G.C.); (G.M.)
| | - Vincenzo Monda
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Physiology and Unit of Dietetics and Sports Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (V.M.); (M.M.); (I.V.)
| | - Giuseppe Cibelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71100 Foggia, Italy; (R.P.); (A.V.); (G.C.); (G.M.)
| | - Marcellino Monda
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Physiology and Unit of Dietetics and Sports Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (V.M.); (M.M.); (I.V.)
| | - Giovanni Messina
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71100 Foggia, Italy; (R.P.); (A.V.); (G.C.); (G.M.)
| | - Ines Villano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Physiology and Unit of Dietetics and Sports Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (V.M.); (M.M.); (I.V.)
| | - Antonietta Messina
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Physiology and Unit of Dietetics and Sports Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (V.M.); (M.M.); (I.V.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-081-5665891
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Integrative Identification of Genetic Loci Jointly Influencing Diabetes-Related Traits and Sleep Traits of Insomnia, Sleep Duration, and Chronotypes. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020368. [PMID: 35203577 PMCID: PMC8962243 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests a relationship between type 2 diabetes mellitus and sleep problems. A comprehensive study is needed to decipher whether shared polygenic risk variants exist between diabetic traits and sleep traits. Methods: We integrated summary statistics from different genome-wide association studies and investigated overlap in single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with diabetes-related traits (type 2 diabetes, fasting glucose, fasting insulin, and glycated hemoglobin) and sleep traits (insomnia symptoms, sleep duration, and chronotype) using a conditional/conjunctional false discovery rate approach. Pleiotropic genes were further evaluated for differential expression analysis, and we assessed their expression pattern effects on type 2 diabetes by Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. Results: We observed extensive polygenic pleiotropy between diabetic traits and sleep traits. Fifty-eight independent genetic loci jointly influenced the risk of type 2 diabetes and the sleep traits of insomnia, sleep duration, and chronotype. The strongest shared locus between type 2 diabetes and sleep straits was FTO (lead SNP rs8047587). Type 2 diabetes (z score, 16.19; P = 6.29 × 10−59) and two sleep traits, sleep duration (z score, −6.66; P = 2.66 × 10−11) and chronotype (z score, 7.42; P = 1.19 × 10−13), were shared. Two of the pleiotropic genes, ENSA and PMPCA, were validated to be differentially expressed in type 2 diabetes, and PMPCA showed a slight protective effect on type 2 diabetes in MR analysis. Conclusions: Our study provided evidence for the polygenic overlap between diabetic traits and sleep traits, of which the expression of PMPCA may play a crucial role and provide support of the hazardous effect of being an “evening” person on diabetes risk.
Collapse
|
36
|
Yu X, Li W. Comparative insights into the integration mechanism of neuropeptides to starvation and temperature stress. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2022; 316:113945. [PMID: 34826429 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2021.113945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Stress is known as the process of biological responses evoked by internal or external stimuli. The ability to sense, integrate and respond to stress signals is a requisite for life. Temperature and photoperiod are very important environmental factors for animals. In addition, stress signals can also be inputted from peripheral tissue, such as starvation and inflammation. Through afferent pathways, stress signals input to the central nervous system (CNS), where various signals will integrate, and the integrated information will transmit to the peripheral effectors. As the regulators of neural activity, neuropeptides play important roles in these processes. The present review summarizes recent findings about the integration mechanism of stress signals in the CNS, emphasizing on the role of neuropeptides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozheng Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Healthy Breeding of Important Economic Fish, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wensheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Healthy Breeding of Important Economic Fish, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Faour M, Magnan C, Gurden H, Martin C. Olfaction in the context of obesity and diabetes: Insights from animal models to humans. Neuropharmacology 2021; 206:108923. [PMID: 34919903 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The olfactory system is at the crossroad between sensory processing and metabolic sensing. In addition to being the center of detection and identification of food odors, it is a sensor for most of the hormones and nutrients responsible for feeding behavior regulation. The consequences of modifications in body homeostasis, nutrient overload and alteration of this brain network in the pathological condition of food-induced obesity and type 2 diabetes are still not elucidated. The aim of this review was first to use both humans and animal studies to report on the current knowledge of the consequences of obesity and type 2 diabetes on odorant threshold and olfactory perception including identification discrimination and memory. We then discuss how olfactory processing can be modified by an alteration of the metabolic homeostasis of the organism and available elements on pharmacological treatments that regulate olfaction. We focus on data within the olfactory system but also on the interactions between the olfactory system and other brain networks impacted by metabolic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maya Faour
- Université de Paris, BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS, F-75013, Paris, France
| | | | - Hirac Gurden
- Université de Paris, BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Claire Martin
- Université de Paris, BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS, F-75013, Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Le N, Hernandez J, Gastelum C, Perez L, Vahrson I, Sayers S, Wagner EJ. Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase Activating Polypeptide Inhibits A 10 Dopamine Neurons and Suppresses the Binge-like Consumption of Palatable Food. Neuroscience 2021; 478:49-64. [PMID: 34597709 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) binds to PACAP-specific (PAC1) receptors in multiple hypothalamic areas, especially those regulating energy balance. PACAP neurons in the ventromedial nucleus (VMN) exert anorexigenic effects within the homeostatic energy balance circuitry. Since PACAP can also reduce the consumption of palatable food, we tested the hypothesis that VMN PACAP neurons project to the ventral tegmental area (VTA) to inhibit A10 dopamine neurons via PAC1 receptors and KATP channels, and thereby suppress binge-like consumption. We performed electrophysiological recordings in mesencephalic slices from male PACAP-Cre and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-Cre mice. Initially, we injected PACAP (30 pmol) into the VTA, where it suppressed binge intake in wildtype male but not female mice. Subsequent tract tracing studies uncovered projections of VMN PACAP neurons to the VTA. Optogenetic stimulation of VMN PACAP neurons in voltage clamp induced an outward current and increase in conductance in VTA neurons, and a hyperpolarization and decrease in firing in current clamp. These effects were markedly attenuated by the KATP channel blocker tolbutamide (100 μM) and PAC1 receptor antagonist PACAP6-38 (200 nM). In recordings from A10 dopamine neurons in TH-Cre mice, we replicated the outward current by perfusing PACAP1-38 (100 nM). This response was again completely blocked by tolbutamide and PACAP6-38, and associated with a hyperpolarization and decrease in firing. These findings demonstrate that PACAP activates PAC1 receptors and KATP channels to inhibit A10 dopamine neurons and sex-dependently suppress binge-like consumption. Accordingly, they advance our understanding of how PACAP regulates energy homeostasis via the hedonic energy balance circuitry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikki Le
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer Hernandez
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, USA
| | - Cassandra Gastelum
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, USA
| | - Lynnea Perez
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, USA
| | - Isabella Vahrson
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, USA
| | - Sarah Sayers
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, USA
| | - Edward J Wagner
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, USA; College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Cerebellar neurons that curb food consumption. Nature 2021; 600:229-230. [PMID: 34789886 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-021-03383-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
40
|
Reverse-translational identification of a cerebellar satiation network. Nature 2021; 600:269-273. [PMID: 34789878 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-04143-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The brain is the seat of body weight homeostasis. However, our inability to control the increasing prevalence of obesity highlights a need to look beyond canonical feeding pathways to broaden our understanding of body weight control1-3. Here we used a reverse-translational approach to identify and anatomically, molecularly and functionally characterize a neural ensemble that promotes satiation. Unbiased, task-based functional magnetic resonance imaging revealed marked differences in cerebellar responses to food in people with a genetic disorder characterized by insatiable appetite. Transcriptomic analyses in mice revealed molecularly and topographically -distinct neurons in the anterior deep cerebellar nuclei (aDCN) that are activated by feeding or nutrient infusion in the gut. Selective activation of aDCN neurons substantially decreased food intake by reducing meal size without compensatory changes to metabolic rate. We found that aDCN activity terminates food intake by increasing striatal dopamine levels and attenuating the phasic dopamine response to subsequent food consumption. Our study defines a conserved satiation centre that may represent a novel therapeutic target for the management of excessive eating, and underscores the utility of a 'bedside-to-bench' approach for the identification of neural circuits that influence behaviour.
Collapse
|
41
|
Khan MS, Spann RA, Münzberg H, Yu S, Albaugh VL, He Y, Berthoud HR, Morrison CD. Protein Appetite at the Interface between Nutrient Sensing and Physiological Homeostasis. Nutrients 2021; 13:4103. [PMID: 34836357 PMCID: PMC8620426 DOI: 10.3390/nu13114103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Feeding behavior is guided by multiple competing physiological needs, as animals must sense their internal nutritional state and then identify and consume foods that meet nutritional needs. Dietary protein intake is necessary to provide essential amino acids and represents a specific, distinct nutritional need. Consistent with this importance, there is a relatively strong body of literature indicating that protein intake is defended, such that animals sense the restriction of protein and adaptively alter feeding behavior to increase protein intake. Here, we argue that this matching of food consumption with physiological need requires at least two concurrent mechanisms: the first being the detection of internal nutritional need (a protein need state) and the second being the discrimination between foods with differing nutritional compositions. In this review, we outline various mechanisms that could mediate the sensing of need state and the discrimination between protein-rich and protein-poor foods. Finally, we briefly describe how the interaction of these mechanisms might allow an animal to self-select between a complex array of foods to meet nutritional needs and adaptively respond to changes in either the external environment or internal physiological state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Christopher D. Morrison
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA; (M.S.K.); (R.A.S.); (H.M.); (S.Y.); (V.L.A.); (Y.H.); (H.-R.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Overexpression of the Gene Encoding Neurosecretory Protein GL Precursor Prevents Excessive Fat Accumulation in the Adipose Tissue of Mice Fed a Long-Term High-Fat Diet. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26196006. [PMID: 34641550 PMCID: PMC8512635 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26196006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously identified a novel small hypothalamic protein, neurosecretory protein GL (NPGL), which induces feeding behavior and fat accumulation in rodents depending on their diet. In the present study, we explored the effects of NPGL on feeding behavior and energy metabolism in mice placed on a long-term high-fat diet with 60% calories from fat (HFD 60). Overexpression of the NPGL precursor gene (Npgl) over 18 weeks increased food intake and weight. The weekly weight gain of Npgl-overexpressing mice was higher than that of controls until 7 weeks from induction of overexpression, after which it ceased to be so. Oral glucose tolerance tests showed that Npgl overexpression maintained glucose tolerance and increased blood insulin levels, and intraperitoneal insulin tolerance tests showed that it maintained insulin sensitivity. At the experimental endpoint, Npgl overexpression was associated with increased mass of the perirenal white adipose tissue (WAT) and decreased mass of the epididymal WAT (eWAT), resulting in little effect on the total WAT mass. These results suggest that under long-term HFD 60 feeding, Npgl overexpression may play a role in avoiding metabolic disturbance both by accelerating energy storage and by suppressing excess fat accumulation in certain tissues, such as the eWAT.
Collapse
|
43
|
Robles B, Kuo T, Galván A. Understanding the Neuroscience Underpinnings of Obesity and Depression: Implications for Policy Development and Public Health Practice. Front Public Health 2021; 9:714236. [PMID: 34490195 PMCID: PMC8417597 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.714236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Robles
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Tony Kuo
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Family Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Population Health Program, Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Adriana Galván
- Department of Psychology, Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Fukumura K, Shikano K, Narimatsu Y, Iwakoshi-Ukena E, Furumitsu M, Naito M, Ukena K. Effects of neurosecretory protein GL on food intake and fat accumulation under different dietary nutrient compositions in rats. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2021; 85:1514-1520. [PMID: 33851987 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbab064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We recently identified a novel hypothalamic small protein, named neurosecretory protein GL (NPGL), which is involved in energy homeostasis in birds and mammals. However, whether the action of NPGL is influenced by nutritional composition remains unknown. Thus, we investigated the effect of chronic intracerebroventricular infusion of NPGL for 13 days on feeding behavior and body mass gain under a normal chow (NC) diet, high-fat diet, high-sucrose diet (HSD), and medium-fat/medium-sucrose diet (MFSD) in rats. NPGL stimulated food intake of NC and MFSD, especially during the light period. By contrast, NPGL decreased body mass gain under NC and increased total white adipose tissue mass in HSD- and MFSD-fed rats. These data suggest that the effects of NPGL on feeding behavior, body mass gain, and fat accumulation depend on nutrient type. Among them, sucrose in diets seems to contribute to fat accumulation elicited by NPGL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Fukumura
- Laboratory of Neurometabolism, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kenshiro Shikano
- Laboratory of Neurometabolism, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Department of Neurophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan
| | - Yuki Narimatsu
- Laboratory of Neurometabolism, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Eiko Iwakoshi-Ukena
- Laboratory of Neurometabolism, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Megumi Furumitsu
- Laboratory of Neurometabolism, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Mana Naito
- Laboratory of Neurometabolism, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Ukena
- Laboratory of Neurometabolism, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Samara A, Li Z, Rutlin J, Raji CA, Sun P, Song SK, Hershey T, Eisenstein SA. Nucleus accumbens microstructure mediates the relationship between obesity and eating behavior in adults. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2021; 29:1328-1337. [PMID: 34227242 PMCID: PMC8928440 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Basal ganglia regions are part of the brain's reward-processing networks and are implicated in the neurobiology of obesity and eating disorders. This study examines basal ganglia microstructural properties in adults with and without obesity. METHODS Diffusion basis spectrum imaging (DBSI) images were analyzed to obtain putative imaging markers of neuroinflammation. Relationships between basal ganglia DBSI metrics and reward sensitivity and eating behaviors were also explored. RESULTS A total of 46 participants (25 people with obesity; aged 20-40 years; 37 women) were included. Relative to the people in the normal-weight group, people with obesity had smaller caudate and larger nucleus accumbens (NAcc) volumes (p < 0.05) and lower DBSI fiber fraction (reflecting apparent axonal/dendrite density) in NAcc and putamen, higher DBSI nonrestricted fraction (reflecting tissue edema) in NAcc and caudate, and higher DBSI restricted fraction (reflecting tissue cellularity) in putamen (p ≤ 0.01, all). Increased emotional and reward eating behaviors were related to lower NAcc axonal/dendrite density and greater tissue edema (p ≤ 0.002). The relationships between emotional eating and adiposity measures were mediated by NAcc microstructure. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide evidence that microstructural alterations in basal ganglia relate to obesity and insights linking NAcc microstructure and eating behavior in adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amjad Samara
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Zhaolong Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jerrel Rutlin
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Cyrus A. Raji
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Peng Sun
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Sheng-Kwei Song
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Tamara Hershey
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Sarah A. Eisenstein
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Kang C, Avery L. The FMRFamide Neuropeptide FLP-20 Acts as a Systemic Signal for Starvation Responses in Caenorhabditis elegans. Mol Cells 2021; 44:529-537. [PMID: 34140426 PMCID: PMC8334353 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2021.0051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Most animals face frequent periods of starvation throughout their entire life and thus need to appropriately adjust their behavior and metabolism during starvation for their survival. Such adaptive responses are regulated by a complex set of systemic signals, including hormones and neuropeptides. While much progress has been made in identifying pathways that regulate nutrient-excessive states, it is still incompletely understood how animals systemically signal their nutrient-deficient states. Here, we showed that the FMRFamide neuropeptide FLP-20 modulates a systemic starvation response in Caenorhabditis elegans. We found that mutation of flp-20 rescued the starvation hypersensitivity of the G protein β-subunit gpb-2 mutants by suppressing excessive autophagy. FLP-20 acted in AIB neurons, where the metabotropic glutamate receptor MGL-2 also functions to modulate a systemic starvation response. Furthermore, FLP-20 modulated starvation-induced fat degradation in a manner dependent on the receptor-type guanylate cyclase GCY-28. Collectively, our results reveal a circuit that senses and signals nutrient-deficient states to modulate a systemic starvation response in multicellular organisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chanhee Kang
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Leon Avery
- Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Gurholt TP, Kaufmann T, Frei O, Alnæs D, Haukvik UK, van der Meer D, Moberget T, O'Connell KS, Leinhard OD, Linge J, Simon R, Smeland OB, Sønderby IE, Winterton A, Steen NE, Westlye LT, Andreassen OA. Population-based body-brain mapping links brain morphology with anthropometrics and body composition. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:295. [PMID: 34006848 PMCID: PMC8131380 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01414-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding complex body-brain processes and the interplay between adipose tissue and brain health is important for understanding comorbidity between psychiatric and cardiometabolic disorders. We investigated associations between brain structure and anthropometric and body composition measures using brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI; n = 24,728) and body MRI (n = 4973) of generally healthy participants in the UK Biobank. We derived regional and global measures of brain morphometry using FreeSurfer and tested their association with (i) anthropometric measures, and (ii) adipose and muscle tissue measured from body MRI. We identified several significant associations with small effect sizes. Anthropometric measures showed negative, nonlinear, associations with cerebellar/cortical gray matter, and brain stem structures, and positive associations with ventricular volumes. Subcortical structures exhibited mixed effect directionality, with strongest positive association for accumbens. Adipose tissue measures, including liver fat and muscle fat infiltration, were negatively associated with cortical/cerebellum structures, while total thigh muscle volume was positively associated with brain stem and accumbens. Regional investigations of cortical area, thickness, and volume indicated widespread and largely negative associations with anthropometric and adipose tissue measures, with an opposite pattern for thigh muscle volume. Self-reported diabetes, hypertension, or hypercholesterolemia were associated with brain structure. The findings provide new insight into physiological body-brain associations suggestive of shared mechanisms between cardiometabolic risk factors and brain health. Whereas the causality needs to be determined, the observed patterns of body-brain relationships provide a foundation for understanding the underlying mechanisms linking psychiatric disorders with obesity and cardiovascular disease, with potential for the development of new prevention strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiril P Gurholt
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Tobias Kaufmann
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Oleksandr Frei
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Dag Alnæs
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Unn K Haukvik
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Dennis van der Meer
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Torgeir Moberget
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kevin S O'Connell
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Olof D Leinhard
- AMRA Medical, Linköping, Sweden
- Division of Diagnostics and Specialist Medicine, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | | | - Rozalyn Simon
- AMRA Medical, Linköping, Sweden
- Division of Diagnostics and Specialist Medicine, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Olav B Smeland
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ida E Sønderby
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Adriano Winterton
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nils Eiel Steen
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lars T Westlye
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Li G, Hu Y, Zhang W, Ding Y, Wang Y, Wang J, He Y, Lv G, Deneen KM, Zhao Y, Chen A, Han Y, Cui G, Ji G, Manza P, Tomasi D, Volkow ND, Nie Y, Wang G, Zhang Y. Resting activity of the hippocampus and amygdala in obese individuals predicts their response to food cues. Addict Biol 2021; 26:e12974. [PMID: 33084195 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Obese individuals exhibit brain functional abnormalities in multiple regions implicated in reward/motivation, emotion/memory, homeostatic regulation, and executive control when exposed to food cues and during rest. However, it remains unclear whether abnormal brain responses to food cues might account for or relate to their abnormal activity in resting state. This information would be useful for understanding the neural mechanisms behind hyperactive responses to food cues, a critical marker of obesity. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (RS-fMRI) and a cue-reactivity fMRI task with high- (HiCal) and low-caloric (LoCal) food cues were employed to investigate brain baseline activity and food cue-induced activation differences in 44 obese participants (OB), in 37 overweight participants (OW), and in 37 normal weight (NW) controls. One-way analyses of variance showed there was a group difference in the left hippocampus/amygdala activity during resting state and during food-cue stimulation (pFWE < 0.05); post-hoc tests showed the OB group had both greater basal activity and greater food cue-induced activation than the OW and NW groups; OW had higher activity in the hippocampus/amygdala than the NW group, which was only significant during resting state. In the OB group, resting-state activity in the left hippocampus/amygdala was positively correlated with activation induced by HiCal food cues, and both of these measures correlated with body mass index (BMI). Mediation analysis showed that the relationship between BMI and hippocampus/amygdala response to HiCal food cues was mediated by their resting-state activity. These findings suggest a close association between obesity and brain functional abnormality in the hippocampus/amygdala. They also indicate that resting-state activity in the hippocampus/amygdala may impact these regions' responses to food cues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guanya Li
- Center for Brain Imaging, School of Life Science and Technology Xidian University Xi'an China
| | - Yang Hu
- Center for Brain Imaging, School of Life Science and Technology Xidian University Xi'an China
| | - Wenchao Zhang
- Center for Brain Imaging, School of Life Science and Technology Xidian University Xi'an China
| | - Yueyan Ding
- Center for Brain Imaging, School of Life Science and Technology Xidian University Xi'an China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Center for Brain Imaging, School of Life Science and Technology Xidian University Xi'an China
| | - Jia Wang
- Center for Brain Imaging, School of Life Science and Technology Xidian University Xi'an China
| | - Yang He
- Center for Brain Imaging, School of Life Science and Technology Xidian University Xi'an China
| | - Ganggang Lv
- Center for Brain Imaging, School of Life Science and Technology Xidian University Xi'an China
| | - Karen M. Deneen
- Center for Brain Imaging, School of Life Science and Technology Xidian University Xi'an China
| | - Yu Zhao
- College of Life Sciences Northwest University Xi'an China
| | - Antao Chen
- Department of Psychology Southwest University Chongqing China
| | - Yu Han
- Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital The Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an China
| | - Guangbin Cui
- Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital The Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an China
| | - Gang Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an China
| | - Peter Manza
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Bethesda Maryland USA
| | - Dardo Tomasi
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Bethesda Maryland USA
| | - Nora D. Volkow
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Bethesda Maryland USA
| | - Yongzhan Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an China
| | - Gene‐Jack Wang
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Bethesda Maryland USA
| | - Yi Zhang
- Center for Brain Imaging, School of Life Science and Technology Xidian University Xi'an China
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Luo S, Angelo BC, Chow T, Monterosso JR, Thompson PM, Xiang AH, Page KA. Associations Between Exposure to Gestational Diabetes Mellitus In Utero and Daily Energy Intake, Brain Responses to Food Cues, and Adiposity in Children. Diabetes Care 2021; 44:1185-1193. [PMID: 33827804 PMCID: PMC8132328 DOI: 10.2337/dc20-3006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Children exposed to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) or maternal obesity in utero have an increased propensity to develop obesity. Little is known about the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon. We aimed to examine relationships between exposure to GDM or maternal obesity and daily energy intake (EI), brain responses to food cues within reward regions, and adiposity in children. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Participants were 159 children ages 7-11 years. Repeated 24-h recalls were conducted to assess mean daily EI. A subset of children (n = 102) completed a food cue task in the MRI scanner. A priori regions of interest included the orbital frontal cortex (OFC), insula, amygdala, ventral striatum, and dorsal striatum. Adiposity measurements, BMI z-scores, percent body fat, waist-to-height ratio (WtHR), and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) were assessed. RESULTS Exposure to GDM was associated with greater daily EI, and children exposed to GDM diagnosed before 26 weeks gestation had greater OFC food cue reactivity. Children exposed to GDM also had larger WHR. Results remained significant after adjusting for child's age and sex, maternal education and race/ethnicity, maternal prepregnancy BMI, and child's physical activity levels. Furthermore, children who consumed more daily calories had greater WHR, and the relationship between GDM exposure and WHR was attenuated after adjustment for daily EI. Prepregnancy BMI was not significantly related to daily EI or food cue reactivity in reward regions. However, prepregnancy BMI was significantly related to all adiposity measurements; results remained significant for BMI z-scores, WtHR, and WHR after controlling for child's age and sex, maternal education and race/ethnicity, maternal GDM exposure, and child's physical activity levels. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to GDM in utero, in particular before 26 weeks gestation, is associated with increased EI, enhanced OFC food cue reactivity, and increased WHR. Future study with longitudinal follow-up is merited to assess potential pathways of daily EI and food cue reactivity in reward regions on the associations between GDM exposure and childhood adiposity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shan Luo
- Division of Endocrinology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA.,Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA.,Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA.,Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Brendan C Angelo
- Division of Endocrinology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA.,Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Ting Chow
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - John R Monterosso
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Paul M Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Anny H Xiang
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Kathleen A Page
- Division of Endocrinology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA .,Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Buckley TN, Omotola O, Archer LA, Rostron CR, Kamineni EP, Llanora JD, Chalfant JM, Lei F, Slade E, Pendergast JS. High-fat feeding disrupts daily eating behavior rhythms in obesity-prone but not in obesity-resistant male inbred mouse strains. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2021; 320:R619-R629. [PMID: 33626995 PMCID: PMC8163612 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00150.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal meal timing, like skipping breakfast and late-night snacking, is associated with obesity in humans. Disruption of daily eating rhythms also contributes to obesity in mice. When fed a high-fat diet, male C57BL/6J mice have disrupted eating behavior rhythms and they become obese. In contrast to obesity-prone C57BL/6J mice, some inbred strains of mice are resistant to high-fat diet-induced obesity. In this study, we sought to determine whether there are distinct effects of high-fat feeding on daily eating behavior rhythms in obesity-prone and obesity-resistant male mice. Male obesity-prone (C57BL/6J and 129X1/SvJ) and obesity-resistant (SWR/J and BALB/cJ) mice were fed low-fat diet or high-fat diet for 6 wk. Consistent with previous studies, obesity-prone male mice gained more weight and adiposity during high-fat diet feeding than obesity-resistant male mice. The amplitude of the daily rhythm of eating behavior was markedly attenuated in male obesity-prone mice fed high-fat diet, but not in obesity-resistant males. In contrast, high-fat feeding did not differentially affect locomotor activity rhythms in obesity-prone and obesity-resistant male mice. Together, these data suggest that regulation of the daily rhythm of eating may underlie the propensity to develop diet-induced obesity in male mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Luke A Archer
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | | | - Ellora P Kamineni
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
- Math Science Technology Center, Paul Laurence Dunbar High School, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Josie D Llanora
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | | | - Feitong Lei
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Emily Slade
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Julie S Pendergast
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
- Barnstable Brown Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| |
Collapse
|