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Rincon NL, McDowell KR, Weatherspoon D, Ritchwood TD, Rocke DJ, Adjei Boakye E, Osazuwa-Peters N. Racial and ethnic disparities in human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine uptake among United States adults, aged 27-45 years. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2313249. [PMID: 38538572 PMCID: PMC10984122 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2313249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
In 2018, the Food and Drug Administration expanded the age of eligibility for the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine to 27 to 45 years. However, it is unclear if there are racial/ethnic disparities in HPV vaccine uptake for this age-group following this expanded recommendation. We aimed to identify any disparities in HPV vaccine in 27 to 45 year-olds based on sociodemographic factors. We analyzed nationally representative, cross-sectional data from the 2019 National Health Interview Survey (n = 9440). Logistic regression models estimated the odds of vaccine uptake (receipt of ≥1 vaccine dose) based on sociodemographic factors. Participants were mostly Non-Hispanic Whites (60.7%) and females (50.9%). In adjusted models, females had over three times greater odds of vaccine uptake compared to males (aOR = 3.58; 95% CI 3.03, 4.23). Also, compared to Non-Hispanic Whites, Non-Hispanic Blacks were 36% more likely (aOR = 1.36; 95% CI 1.09, 1.70), and Hispanics were 27% less likely (aOR = 0.73; 95% CI 0.58, 0.92) to receive the vaccine. Additionally, individuals without a usual place of care had lower odds of vaccine uptake (aOR = 0.72; 95% CI 0.57, 0.93), as were those with lower educational levels (aORhigh school = 0.62; 95% CI 0.50, 0.78; aORsome college = 0.83; 95% CI 0.70, 0.98). There are disparities in HPV vaccine uptake among 27 to 45 year-olds, and adult Hispanics have lower odds of receiving the vaccine. Given the vaccine's importance in cancer prevention, it is critical that these disparities are addressed and mitigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie L. Rincon
- Trinity College of Arts & Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- REACH Equity Summer Undergraduate Research Program (RESURP), Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Kelsey Rae McDowell
- REACH Equity Summer Undergraduate Research Program (RESURP), Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- School of Nursing, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Darien Weatherspoon
- Department of Dental Public Health, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Tiarney D. Ritchwood
- REACH Equity Summer Undergraduate Research Program (RESURP), Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Daniel J. Rocke
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery & Communication Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Eric Adjei Boakye
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Nosayaba Osazuwa-Peters
- REACH Equity Summer Undergraduate Research Program (RESURP), Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery & Communication Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
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Fesshaye B, Pandya S, Kan L, Kalbarczyk A, Alland K, Rahman SMM, Bulbul MMI, Mustaphi P, Siddique MAB, Tanim MIA, Chowdhury M, Rumman T, Labrique AB. Quality, Usability, and Trust Challenges to Effective Data Use in the Deployment and Use of the Bangladesh Nutrition Information System Dashboard: Qualitative Study. J Med Internet Res 2024; 26:e48294. [PMID: 39348172 DOI: 10.2196/48294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence-based decision-making is essential to improve public health benefits and resources, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), but the mechanisms of its implementation remain less straightforward. The availability of high-quality, reliable, and sufficient data in LMICs can be challenging due to issues such as a lack of human resource capacity and weak digital infrastructure, among others. Health information systems (HISs) have been critical for aggregating and integrating health-related data from different sources to support evidence-based decision-making. Nutrition information systems (NISs), which are nutrition-focused HISs, collect and report on nutrition-related indicators to improve issues related to malnutrition and food security-and can assist in improving populations' nutritional statuses and the integration of nutrition programming into routine health services. Data visualization tools (DVTs) such as dashboards have been recommended to support evidence-based decision-making, leveraging data from HISs or NISs. The use of such DVTs to support decision-making has largely been unexplored within LMIC contexts. In Bangladesh, the Mukto dashboard was developed to display and visualize nutrition-related performance indicators at the national and subnational levels. However, despite this effort, the current use of nutrition data to guide priorities and decisions remains relatively nascent and underused. OBJECTIVE The goal of this study is to better understand how Bangladesh's NIS, including the Mukto dashboard, has been used and areas for improvement to facilitate its use for evidence-based decision-making toward ameliorating nutrition-related service delivery and the health status of communities in Bangladesh. METHODS Primary data collection was conducted through qualitative semistructured interviews with key policy-level stakeholders (n=24). Key informants were identified through purposive sampling and were asked questions about the experiences and challenges with the NIS and related nutrition dashboards. RESULTS Main themes such as trust, data usability, personal power, and data use for decision-making emerged from the data. Trust in both data collection and quality was lacking among many stakeholders. Poor data usability stemmed from unstandardized indicators, irregular data collection, and differences between rural and urban data. Insufficient personal power and staff training coupled with infrastructural challenges can negatively affect data at the input stage. While stakeholders understood and expressed the importance of evidence-based decision-making, ultimately, they noted that the data were not being used to their maximum potential. CONCLUSIONS Leveraging DVTs can improve the use of data for evidence-based decision-making, but decision makers must trust that the data are believable, credible, timely, and responsive. The results support the significance of a tailored data ecosystem, which has not reached its full potential in Bangladesh. Recommendations to reach this potential include ensuring a clear intended user base and accountable stakeholders are present. Systems should also have the capacity to ensure data credibility and support ongoing personal power requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berhaun Fesshaye
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Shivani Pandya
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Lena Kan
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Anna Kalbarczyk
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Kelsey Alland
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | | | | | - Piyali Mustaphi
- Nutrition Section, UNICEF, Bangladesh Country Office, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | | | | | | | - Alain B Labrique
- Department of Digital Health & Innovation, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
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Mahtani SL, Viswanath K, Gupte HA, Mandal G, Jagiasi D, Chawla R, D'Costa M, Xuan Z, Minsky S, Ramanadhan S. Adapting and Evaluating a Brief Advice Tobacco Cessation Intervention in High-reach, Low-resource Settings in India: Protocol for a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Res Protoc 2024; 13:e57236. [PMID: 39225384 PMCID: PMC11408886 DOI: 10.2196/57236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND About 1.35 million deaths annually are attributed to tobacco use in India. The main challenge, given the magnitude of tobacco use and limited resources, is delivering cessation support at scale, low cost, and through a coordinated cross-system effort; one such example being brief advice interventions. However, highly credentialed staff to identify and counsel tobacco users are scarce. Task-shifting is an important opportunity for scaling these interventions. OBJECTIVE The LifeFirst SWASTH (Supporting Wellbeing among Adults by Stopping Tobacco Habit) program-adapted from the LifeFirst program (developed by the Narotam Sekhsaria Foundation, Mumbai, India)-is a tobacco cessation program focusing on lower-socioeconomic status patients in Mumbai receiving private health care. This parallel-arm, cluster randomized controlled trial investigates whether the LifeFirst SWASTH program increases tobacco cessation rates in low-resource, high-reach health care settings in Mumbai. METHODS This study will target tuberculosis-specific nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), dental clinics, and NGOs implementing general health programs serving lower-socioeconomic status patients. Intervention arm patients will receive a pamphlet explaining tobacco's harmful effects. Practitioners will be trained to deliver brief cessation advice, and interested patients will be referred to a Narotam Sekhsaria Foundation counselor for free telephone counseling for 6 months. Control arm patients will receive the same pamphlet but not brief advice or counseling. Practitioners will have a customized mobile app to facilitate intervention delivery. Practitioners will also have access to a peer network through WhatsApp. The primary outcome is a 30-day point prevalence abstinence from tobacco. Secondary outcomes for patients and practitioners relate to intervention implementation. RESULTS The study was funded in June 2020. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the study experienced some delays, and practitioner recruitment commenced in November 2023. As of July 2024, all practitioners have been recruited, and practitioner recruitment and training are complete. Furthermore, 36% (1687/4688) of patients have been recruited. CONCLUSIONS It is hypothesized that those patients who participated in the LifeFirst SWASTH program will be more likely to have been abstinent from tobacco for 30 consecutive days by the end of 6 months or at least decreased their tobacco use. LifeFirst SWASTH, if found to be effective in terms of cessation outcomes and implementation, has the potential to be scaled to other settings in India and other low- and middle-income countries. The study will be conducted in low-resource settings and will reach many patients, which will increase the impact if scaled. It will use task-shifting and an app that can be tailored to different settings, also enabling scalability. Findings will build the literature for translating evidence-based interventions from high-income countries to low- and middle-income countries and from high- to low-resource settings. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05234983; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05234983. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/57236.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kasisomayajula Viswanath
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ziming Xuan
- Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sara Minsky
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Shoba Ramanadhan
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
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Milton K, Baker G, Cleland CL, Cope A, Hunter RF, Jepson R, Kee F, Kelly P, Williams AJ, Kelly MP. The tales of two cities: use of evidence for introducing 20 miles per hour speed limits in Edinburgh and Belfast (United Kingdom). Health Res Policy Syst 2024; 22:120. [PMID: 39223646 PMCID: PMC11367795 DOI: 10.1186/s12961-024-01213-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 2016, large-scale 20 miles per hour speed limits were introduced in the United Kingdom cities of Edinburgh and Belfast. This paper investigates the role that scientific evidence played in the policy decisions to implement lower speed limits in the two cities. METHODS Using a qualitative case study design, we undertook content analysis of a range of documents to explore and describe the evolution of the two schemes and the ways in which evidence informed decision-making. In total, we identified 16 documents for Edinburgh, published between 2006 and 2016, and 19 documents for Belfast, published between 2002 and 2016. FINDINGS In both cities, evidence on speed, collisions and casualties was important for initiating discussions on large-scale 20 mph policies. However, the narrative shifted over time to the idea that 20 mph would contribute to a wider range of aspirations, none of which were firmly grounded in evidence, but may have helped to neutralize opposing discourses. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS The relationship between evidence and decision-making in Edinburgh and Belfast was neither simple nor linear. Widening of the narrative appears to have helped to frame the idea in such a way that it had broad acceptability, without which there would have been no implementation, and probably a lot more push back from vested interests and communities than there was.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Milton
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom.
| | - Graham Baker
- Physical Activity for Health Research Centre (PAHRC), Institute for Sport, Physical Education and Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Claire L Cleland
- School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ruth F Hunter
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth Jepson
- Scottish Collaboration for Public Health Research and Policy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Frank Kee
- School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Kelly
- Physical Activity for Health Research Centre (PAHRC), Institute for Sport, Physical Education and Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J Williams
- Division of Population and Behavioural Science, School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom
| | - Michael P Kelly
- Primary Care Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Ferrara M, Langiano E, Esposito M, Lo Moro G, Lombardi R, Vuolanto P, De Vito E. Key factors in complex public health interventions to address vaccine hesitancy using a multidisciplinary approach: the VAX-TRUST project. HEALTH EDUCATION RESEARCH 2024:cyae027. [PMID: 39178122 DOI: 10.1093/her/cyae027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/25/2024]
Abstract
The VAX-TRUST project addresses vaccine hesitancy in seven European countries with a systematic and evidence-based approach. Interventions, targeting healthcare professionals, draw from behavioural and social theories. A checklist, inspired by the TIDieR (Template for Intervention Description and Replication), ensures a detailed description of actions, transparency and replicability. The intervention development process begins with collaborative meetings and systematic revisions, concluding with external evaluations for replicability in diverse public health contexts. This study aims to provide valuable insights for future complex interventions in public health, based on lessons learnt to reduce the risk of vaccine-preventable diseases. The analysis of educational interventions within the VAX-TRUST project has led to the definition of precise guidelines to ensure their replicability and adaptation to various contexts, attempting to establish a universally applicable approach. Active participant engagement and consideration of local social dynamics, beyond information transmission, have emerged as key factors to improve intervention effectiveness. Various educational tools and collaboration with academic institutions have contributed to strengthening credibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ferrara
- Department of Human, Social and Health Sciences, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, Cassino, Italy
| | - Elisa Langiano
- Department of Human, Social and Health Sciences, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, Cassino, Italy
| | - Maurizio Esposito
- Department of Human, Social and Health Sciences, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, Cassino, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Lo Moro
- Department of Public Health Sciences and Paediatrics, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Rosalia Lombardi
- Department of Human, Social and Health Sciences, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, Cassino, Italy
| | - Pia Vuolanto
- Research Centre for Knowledge, Science, Technology and Innovation Studies of Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Elisabetta De Vito
- Department of Human, Social and Health Sciences, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, Cassino, Italy
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Bali AG, Vasilevski V, Sweet L. Barriers and facilitators of access to maternity care for African-born women living in Australia: a meta-synthesis of qualitative evidence. Syst Rev 2024; 13:215. [PMID: 39123244 PMCID: PMC11312702 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-024-02628-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adverse perinatal health outcomes are notably high among African-born women living in Australia. This problem is partly attributed to their lower engagement in maternity care services as compared to Australian-born women. Various barriers might limit African-born women's access to and use of services; however, these barriers are not well documented. Therefore, this review aimed to synthesise current qualitative evidence on barriers and facilitators of access to maternity care for African-born women living in Australia. METHODS The search was conducted in MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase, PsychInfo, and Maternity and Infant Care databases on 16 April 2023. All articles retrieved were meticulously screened for eligibility by two independent reviewers with any disagreements resolved through discussion. The quality of the included articles was evaluated using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Studies were screened in Covidence and analysed in NVivo. The findings were organised and presented using Levesque's framework of healthcare access. RESULTS Out of 558 identified papers, 11 studies comprising a total of 472 participants met the eligibility criteria. The review highlighted provider-side barriers such as shortage of information, unmet cultural needs, long waiting times, low engagement of women in care, discrimination, and lack of continuity of care. User-side barriers identified include communication issues, difficulty navigating the health system, and lack of trustful relationships with healthcare providers. In contrast, the review pinpointed provider-side facilitators including positive staff attitudes, service availability, and the proximity of facilities to residential homes, while user-side facilitators such as cultural assimilation and feeling valued by healthcare providers were noted. CONCLUSIONS This review identified barriers and facilitators of access to maternity care for African-born women living in Australia. Empirical evidence that would inform potential changes to policy and practice to address African-born women's unique health needs was highlighted. Designing and implementing a culturally safe service delivery model could remove the identified access barriers and improve African-born women's engagement in maternity care. Moreover, reinforcing factors associated with positive healthcare experiences is essential for improving maternity care access for this priority population. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42023405458.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayele Geleto Bali
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC, Australia.
- Centre for Quality and Patient Safety Research, Institute for Health Transformation, Western Health Partnership, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Vidanka Vasilevski
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Quality and Patient Safety Research, Institute for Health Transformation, Western Health Partnership, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Linda Sweet
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Quality and Patient Safety Research, Institute for Health Transformation, Western Health Partnership, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Ding D, Chastin S, Salvo D, Nau T, Gebel K, Sanchez-Lastra MA, Luo M, Crochemore-Silva I, Ekelund U, Bauman A. Realigning the physical activity research agenda for population health, equity, and wellbeing. Lancet 2024; 404:411-414. [PMID: 39067460 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(24)01540-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Ding Ding
- Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; The Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Sebastien Chastin
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, Scotland, UK; Department of Movement and Sport Science, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Deborah Salvo
- People, Health, and Place Lab, Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA; School of Public Health, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Tracy Nau
- Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; The Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Klaus Gebel
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Miguel Adriano Sanchez-Lastra
- Department of Special Didactics, Faculty of Education and Sports Sciences, University of Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain; Wellness and Movement Research Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, Vigo, Spain; Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mengyun Luo
- Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; The Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Inacio Crochemore-Silva
- Federal University of Pelotas, Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology and Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Ulf Ekelund
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway; Department of Chronic Diseases, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Adrian Bauman
- Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; The Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Packard-Winkler M, Golding L, Tewodros T, Faerber E, Webb Girard A. Core Principles and Practices for the Design, Implementation, and Evaluation of Social and Behavior Change for Nutrition in Low- and Middle-Income Contexts with Special Applications for Nutrition-Sensitive Agriculture. Curr Dev Nutr 2024; 8:104414. [PMID: 39224137 PMCID: PMC11367532 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background There is currently no cogent set of standards to guide the design, implementation and evaluation of nutrition social and behavior change (SBC), including for nutrition-sensitive agriculture (NSA). Objectives We aimed to capture, consolidate, and describe SBC core principles and practices (CPPs), reflecting professional consensus, and to offer programmatic examples that illustrate their application for NSA projects in low- and middle-income countries. Methods We conducted a narrative review following a 4-step iterative process to identify and describe SBC CPPs. We first reviewed general SBC frameworks and technical documents and developed a preliminary list of CPPs and their definitions. Following review and feedback from 8 content experts, we revised the CPPs, incorporating the panel's feedback, and conducted a more specific search of the peer-reviewed and gray literature. We presented a revised draft of the CPPs to 26 NSA researchers, practitioners, and implementers at the 2022 Agriculture, Nutrition and Health Academy annual conference. We then conducted a focused review of each CPP, and 3 content experts rereviewed the final draft. Results We reviewed ∼475 documents and resources resulting in a set of 4 core principles: 1) following a systematic, strategic method in designing, implementing, and evaluating SBC activities; 2) ensuring design and implementation are evidence-based; 3) grounding design and implementation in theory; and 4) authentically engaging communities. Additionally, we identified 11 core practices and mapped these to the different stages in the SBC design, implementation, and evaluation cycle. Detailed descriptions, illustrative examples and resources for implementation are provided for each CPP. Conclusions An explicit set of CPPs for SBC can serve as a guide for design, research, implementation, and evaluation of nutrition and NSA programs; help standardize knowledge sharing and production; and contribute to improved quality of implementation. Broader consultation with SBC practitioners and researchers will further consensus on this work.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lenette Golding
- Save the Children U.S., Department of Global Health, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Tsedenia Tewodros
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health at Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Emily Faerber
- Dietetics and Nutrition Department, College of Health, University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, AK, United States
| | - Amy Webb Girard
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health at Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Nutrition and Health Sciences Program, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
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Ugwu OPC, Alum EU, Ugwu JN, Eze VHU, Ugwu CN, Ogenyi FC, Okon MB. Harnessing technology for infectious disease response in conflict zones: Challenges, innovations, and policy implications. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e38834. [PMID: 38996110 PMCID: PMC11245197 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000038834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Epidemic outbreaks of infectious diseases in conflict zones are complex threats to public health and humanitarian activities that require creativity approaches of reducing their damage. This narrative review focuses on the technology intersection with infectious disease response in conflict zones, and complexity of healthcare infrastructure, population displacement, and security risks. This narrative review explores how conflict-related destruction is harmful towards healthcare systems and the impediments to disease surveillance and response activities. In this regards, the review also considered the contributions of technological innovations, such as the improvement of epidemiological surveillance, mobile health (mHealth) technologies, genomic sequencing, and surveillance technologies, in strengthening infectious disease management in conflict settings. Ethical issues related to data privacy, security and fairness are also covered. By advisement on policy that focuses on investment in surveillance systems, diagnostic capacity, capacity building, collaboration, and even ethical governance, stakeholders can leverage technology to enhance the response to infectious disease in conflict settings and, thus, protect the global health security. This review is full of information for researchers, policymakers, and practitioners who are dealing with the issues of infectious disease outbreaks in conflicts worn areas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Esther Ugo Alum
- Department of Publication and Extension, Kampala International University, Uganda, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Jovita Nnenna Ugwu
- Department of Publication and Extension, Kampala International University, Uganda, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Val Hyginus Udoka Eze
- Department of Publication and Extension, Kampala International University, Uganda, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Chinyere N Ugwu
- Department of Publication and Extension, Kampala International University, Uganda, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Fabian C Ogenyi
- Department of Publication and Extension, Kampala International University, Uganda, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Michael Ben Okon
- Department of Publication and Extension, Kampala International University, Uganda, Kampala, Uganda
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Raknes S, Chorna T. The Helping Hand in Ukraine: feasibility and potential impact. Pilot Feasibility Stud 2024; 10:96. [PMID: 38951948 PMCID: PMC11218384 DOI: 10.1186/s40814-024-01520-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND New services are needed to prevent the mental health consequences of the war in Ukraine. Ten adolescents self-recruited to use and evaluate the Ukrainian version of the Helping Hand (HH) in Odesa, Ukraine. From April to June 2023, they participated in a 10-session group program where they played the cognitive behavioral game app, shared stories, and engaged in activities to enhance their coping skills. METHODS A mixed-method, quantitative-qualitative design was used to get insight into the feasibility and potential impact of the HH on Ukrainian adolescents' mental health and well-being during the war. A questionnaire to the adolescents assessed the feasibility of the intervention; anxiety and depression symptoms were assessed before and after the intervention by a standardized and validated adolescent-completed questionnaire. An interview with the psychologist who implemented the intervention was used to interpret the data completed by the adolescents. RESULTS Eight of 10 adolescents completed the HH intervention, and the psychologist found the HH helpful and culturally appropriate. The average anxiety and depression symptoms decreased from before the intervention (M = 20.4) to after (M = 15.0), showing a moderate effect size. CONCLUSION The results indicated that the HH has a high potential to prevent mental health consequences in Ukraine.
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Kelly MA, Puddy RW, Siddiqi SM, Nelson C, Ntazinda AH, Kucik JE, Hall D, Murray CT, Tomoaia-Cotisel A. Distilling the Fundamentals of Evidence-Based Public Health Policy. Public Health Rep 2024:333549241256751. [PMID: 38910545 DOI: 10.1177/00333549241256751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Public health policy interventions are associated with many important public health achievements. To provide public health practitioners and decision makers with practical approaches for examining and employing evidence-based public health (EBPH) policy interventions, we describe the characteristics and benefits that distinguish EBPH policy interventions from programmatic interventions. These characteristics include focusing on health at a population level, focusing on upstream drivers of health, and involving less individual action than programmatic interventions. The benefits of EBPH policy interventions include more sustained effects on health than many programs and an enhanced ability to address health inequities. Early childhood education and universal preschool provide a case example that illustrates the distinction between EBPH policy and programmatic interventions. This review serves as the foundation for 3 concepts that support the effective use of public health policy interventions: applying core component thinking to understand the population health effects of EBPH policy interventions; understanding the influence of existing policies, policy supports, and the context in which a particular policy is implemented on the effectiveness of that policy; and employing a systems thinking approach to identify leverage points where policy implementation can have a meaningful effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan A Kelly
- Office of Policy, Performance, and Evaluation, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Richard W Puddy
- Office of Policy, Performance, and Evaluation, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sameer M Siddiqi
- RAND Corporation, Arlington, VA, USA
- Amazon Web Services, Amazon.com, Inc, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Christopher Nelson
- RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, CA, USA
- Pardee RAND Graduate School, Santa Monica, CA, USA
| | - Alexandra H Ntazinda
- RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, CA, USA
- Pardee RAND Graduate School, Santa Monica, CA, USA
| | - James E Kucik
- Office of Policy, Performance, and Evaluation, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Office of the Director, Office of Public Health Data, Surveillance, and Technology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Diane Hall
- Office of Policy, Performance, and Evaluation, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Office of Rural Health, National Center for State, Tribal, Local, and Territorial Public Health Infrastructure and Workforce, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Christian T Murray
- Office of Policy, Performance, and Evaluation, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Brubacher LJ, Lovato CY, Sriram V, Cheng M, Berman P. The use of evidence to guide decision-making during the COVID-19 pandemic: divergent perspectives from a qualitative case study in British Columbia, Canada. Health Res Policy Syst 2024; 22:66. [PMID: 38831457 PMCID: PMC11145826 DOI: 10.1186/s12961-024-01146-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The challenges of evidence-informed decision-making in a public health emergency have never been so notable as during the COVID-19 pandemic. Questions about the decision-making process, including what forms of evidence were used, and how evidence informed-or did not inform-policy have been debated. METHODS We examined decision-makers' observations on evidence-use in early COVID-19 policy-making in British Columbia (BC), Canada through a qualitative case study. From July 2021- January 2022, we conducted 18 semi-structured key informant interviews with BC elected officials, provincial and regional-level health officials, and civil society actors involved in the public health response. The questions focused on: (1) the use of evidence in policy-making; (2) the interface between researchers and policy-makers; and (3) key challenges perceived by respondents as barriers to applying evidence to COVID-19 policy decisions. Data were analyzed thematically, using a constant comparative method. Framework analysis was also employed to generate analytic insights across stakeholder perspectives. RESULTS Overall, while many actors' impressions were that BC's early COVID-19 policy response was evidence-informed, an overarching theme was a lack of clarity and uncertainty as to what evidence was used and how it flowed into decision-making processes. Perspectives diverged on the relationship between 'government' and public health expertise, and whether or not public health actors had an independent voice in articulating evidence to inform pandemic governance. Respondents perceived a lack of coordination and continuity across data sources, and a lack of explicit guidelines on evidence-use in the decision-making process, which resulted in a sense of fragmentation. The tension between the processes involved in research and the need for rapid decision-making was perceived as a barrier to using evidence to inform policy. CONCLUSIONS Areas to be considered in planning for future emergencies include: information flow between policy-makers and researchers, coordination of data collection and use, and transparency as to how decisions are made-all of which reflect a need to improve communication. Based on our findings, clear mechanisms and processes for channeling varied forms of evidence into decision-making need to be identified, and doing so will strengthen preparedness for future public health crises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Jane Brubacher
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada.
| | - Chris Y Lovato
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Veena Sriram
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- School of Public Policy and Global Affairs, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Michael Cheng
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Peter Berman
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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Reho K, Agley J, Gassman R, Roberts J, Heil SKR, Katara J. How do the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration's Technology Transfer Centers Decide What Evidence-Based Practices to Disseminate and Determine How to Do So? A Cross-Sectional Study of a National Network. Eval Health Prof 2024; 47:167-177. [PMID: 38790109 PMCID: PMC11157975 DOI: 10.1177/01632787231225653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
It is important to use evidence-based programs and practices (EBPs) to address major public health issues. However, those who use EBPs in real-world settings often require support in bridging the research-to-practice gap. In the US, one of the largest systems that provides such support is the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration's (SAMHSA's) Technology Transfer Center (TTC) Network. As part of a large external evaluation of the Network, this study examined how TTCs determine which EBPs to promote and how to promote them. Using semi-structured interviews and pre-testing, we developed a "Determinants of Technology Transfer" survey that was completed by 100% of TTCs in the Network. Because the study period overlapped with the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, we also conducted a retrospective pre/post-pandemic comparison of determinants. TTCs reported relying on a broad group of factors when selecting EBPs to disseminate and the methods to do so. Stakeholder and target audience input and needs were consistently the most important determinant (both before and during COVID-19), while some other determinants fluctuated around the pandemic (e.g., public health mandates, instructions in the funding opportunity announcements). We discuss implications of the findings for technology transfer and frame the analyses in terms of the Interactive Systems Framework for Dissemination and Implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn Reho
- Prevention Insights, Department of Applied Health Science, Indiana University School of Public Health-Bloomington, USA
| | - Jon Agley
- Prevention Insights, Department of Applied Health Science, Indiana University School of Public Health-Bloomington, USA
| | - Ruth Gassman
- Prevention Insights, Department of Applied Health Science, Indiana University School of Public Health-Bloomington, USA
| | - Jeffrey Roberts
- Prevention Insights, Department of Applied Health Science, Indiana University School of Public Health-Bloomington, USA
| | | | - Jharna Katara
- Biostatistics Consulting Center, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Public Health-Bloomington, USA
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Holding E, Gettings R, Foster A, Dowrick L, Hampshaw S, Haywood A, Homer C, Booth A, Goyder E. Developing the embedded researcher role: Learning from the first year of the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR), Health Determinants Research Collaboration (HDRC), Doncaster, UK. PUBLIC HEALTH IN PRACTICE 2024; 7:100516. [PMID: 38846108 PMCID: PMC11153224 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhip.2024.100516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Strategies to embed research knowledge into decision making contexts include the Embedded Research (ER) model, which involves the collocation of academic researchers in non-academic organisations such as hospitals and local authorities. A local authority in Doncaster, United Kingdom (UK) has adopted an embedded researcher model within the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR), Health Determinants Research Collaboration (HDRC). This five-year collaboration enables universities and local authorities to work together to reduce health inequalities and target the social determinants of health. Building on previous embedded research models, this approach is unique due to its significant scale and long-term investment. In this opinion paper Embedded Researchers (ERs) reflect on their experiences of the first year of the collaboration. Study design A reflective consultation exercise. Methods Observation of HDRC delivery meetings, as well as informal discussions and a short proforma with ERs (N = 8). Results ERs valued the five-year timeframe which provided a unique opportunity for strengthened relationships and to apply formative learning as the programme progressed. However, differences in knowledge of undertaking research across the HDRC team and between practitioners and academics require each to respect different professional experiences and to avoid potential power imbalances. Diverse projects required researchers to be generalists, applying their expertise to multiple topics. This requires careful priority setting alongside workload and expectation management. Conclusions The significant scale and investment of the HDRC provides a unique opportunity for developing the ER role by applying formative learning as the programme progresses. However, success will require careful management of workload allocation and relationships between ERs and practitioners. Further learning on how to embed ERs within local authority contexts will emerge as the programme matures.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Holding
- Sheffield Centre for Health and Related Research (ScHARR), Division of Population Health, School of Medicine and Population Health, University of Sheffield, University of Regent Court, 30 Regent Street, Sheffield, S1 4DA, UK
| | - R. Gettings
- Advanced Well-being Research Centre (AWRC), Sheffield Hallam University, Olympic Legacy Park, 2 Old Hall Road, Sheffield, S9 3TU, UK
| | - A. Foster
- Sheffield Centre for Health and Related Research (ScHARR), Division of Population Health, School of Medicine and Population Health, University of Sheffield, University of Regent Court, 30 Regent Street, Sheffield, S1 4DA, UK
| | - L. Dowrick
- Advanced Well-being Research Centre (AWRC), Sheffield Hallam University, Olympic Legacy Park, 2 Old Hall Road, Sheffield, S9 3TU, UK
| | | | - A. Haywood
- Sheffield Centre for Health and Related Research (ScHARR), Division of Population Health, School of Medicine and Population Health, University of Sheffield, University of Regent Court, 30 Regent Street, Sheffield, S1 4DA, UK
| | - C. Homer
- Advanced Well-being Research Centre (AWRC), Sheffield Hallam University, Olympic Legacy Park, 2 Old Hall Road, Sheffield, S9 3TU, UK
| | - A. Booth
- Sheffield Centre for Health and Related Research (ScHARR), Division of Population Health, School of Medicine and Population Health, University of Sheffield, University of Regent Court, 30 Regent Street, Sheffield, S1 4DA, UK
| | - E. Goyder
- Sheffield Centre for Health and Related Research (ScHARR), Division of Population Health, School of Medicine and Population Health, University of Sheffield, University of Regent Court, 30 Regent Street, Sheffield, S1 4DA, UK
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Jalal MA, Karami M, Namdari M, Lami F, Taher TMJ, Etemad K. Identifying Expert Opinions on the Challenges and Barriers Faced in Implementing Iraq's National Plan for Controlling Hepatitis B. Cureus 2024; 16:e62814. [PMID: 39036276 PMCID: PMC11260289 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.62814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study examined the difficulties and obstacles faced by healthcare professionals in implementing Iraq's national plan for hepatitis B virus (HBV) control. This research aims to offer valuable insights into the intricacies of HBV control efforts and identify key areas for improvement. METHODS In this qualitative study, semi-structured interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of 10 physicians, representing diverse medical specialties and healthcare settings, including experts in the fields of medical sciences. Data analysis was conducted using MAXQDA software, version 24 (VERBI Software GmbH, Berlin, Germany) to identify recurring themes and gain insights into the challenges encountered during the implementation of the national plan. RESULTS Ten physicians participated in the study, providing insights into challenges and barriers hindering the effective implementation of Iraq's national plan for HBV control. Consensus among participants highlighted challenges such as resource constraints, inadequate infrastructure, population ignorance, and vaccine refusal. Documentation challenges, including inaccuracies in reporting HBV-associated mortality, were also noted. Barriers to successful implementation included poor public awareness, inadequate education for healthcare providers, and funding shortages. Unmet needs highlighted the necessity for unified protocols, surveillance systems, and international training programs. The improvement strategies proposed by participants emphasized raising awareness, supporting primary healthcare centers, and enhancing funding allocation. CONCLUSION This study underscores significant challenges in implementing Iraq's national plan for HBV control, with barriers ranging from resource constraints to communication barriers. Healthcare professionals advocate for targeted interventions, collaborative efforts, and policy measures to address these challenges effectively. The findings contribute to the evidence base for enhancing HBV control efforts in Iraq and emphasize the importance of tailored approaches to public health interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A Jalal
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IRN
| | - Manoochehr Karami
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IRN
| | - Mahshid Namdari
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IRN
| | - Faris Lami
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine in Baghdad University and Al-Sabtain University, Baghdad, IRQ
| | | | - Koorosh Etemad
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IRN
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Puddy RW, Kelly MA, Nelson C, Ntazinda AH, Siddiqi S, Hall D, Murray CT, Kucik JE. Advancing Evidence-Based Public Health Policy: How Core Component Thinking Can Illuminate the Multilevel Nature of Public Health Policy. Public Health Rep 2024:333549241247708. [PMID: 38780006 DOI: 10.1177/00333549241247708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
A growing body of literature uses the concept of core components to better understand small-scale programmatic interventions. Instead of interventions being viewed as unitary "black boxes," interventions are viewed as configurations of core components, which are the parts of interventions that carry their causal potential and therefore need to be reproduced with fidelity to produce the intended effect. To date, the concept of core components has not been as widely applied to public health policy interventions as it has to programmatic interventions. The purpose of this topical review is to familiarize public health practitioners and policy makers with the concept of core components as applied to public health policy interventions. Raising the profile of core component thinking can foster mindful adaptation and implementation of public health policy interventions while encouraging further research to enhance the supporting evidence base. We present 3 types of multilevel interactions in which the core components of a public health policy intervention produce effects at the population level by (1) seeking to directly affect individual behavior, (2) facilitating adoption of programmatic interventions by intermediaries, and (3) encouraging intermediaries to take action that can shape changes in upstream drivers of population health. Changing the unit of analysis from whole policies to core components can provide a basis for understanding how policies work and for facilitating novel evidence-generating strategies and rapid evidence reviews that can inform future adaptation efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard W Puddy
- Office of Policy, Performance, and Evaluation, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Megan A Kelly
- Office of Policy, Performance, and Evaluation, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Christopher Nelson
- RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, CA, USA
- Pardee RAND Graduate School, Santa Monica, CA, USA
| | - Alexandra H Ntazinda
- RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, CA, USA
- Pardee RAND Graduate School, Santa Monica, CA, USA
| | - Sameer Siddiqi
- RAND Corporation, Arlington, VA, USA
- Amazon Web Services, Amazon.com, Inc, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Diane Hall
- Office of Policy, Performance, and Evaluation, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Office of Rural Health, National Center for State, Tribal, Local, and Territorial Public Health Infrastructure and Workforce, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Christian T Murray
- Office of Policy, Performance, and Evaluation, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - James E Kucik
- Office of Policy, Performance, and Evaluation, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Office of the Director, Office of Public Health Data, Surveillance, and Technology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Acharya S, Shrestha M, Thang ND, Wini L, Habib MN, Neukom J, Lhazeen K, Lynch CA, Thriemer K. Optimizing test and treat options for vivax malaria: An options assessment toolkit (OAT) for Asia Pacific national malaria control programs. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 4:e0002970. [PMID: 38776349 PMCID: PMC11111040 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0002970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
Designing policy in public health is a complex process requiring decision making that incorporates available evidence and is suitable to a country's epidemiological and health system context. The main objective of this study was to develop an options assessment toolkit (OAT) to provide a pragmatic and evidence-based approach to the development of policies for the radical cure (prevention of relapse) of vivax malaria for national malaria control programs in the Asia-Pacific region. The OAT was developed using participatory research methods and a Delphi process using a sequential multi-phase design, adapted with a pre-development phase, a development phase, and a final development phase. In the pre-development phase, a literature review was conducted to inform the toolkit development. Data collection in the development phase consisted of core research team discussions, multiple rounds of consultation with participants from National Malaria Control Programs (NMP) (online and in person), and two separate modified e-Delphi processes with experts. The final development phase was the piloting of the toolkit during the annual meeting of the Asia Pacific Malaria Elimination Network (APMEN) Vivax Working Group. We developed a tool kit containing the following elements: i) Baseline Assessment Tool (BAT) to assess the readiness of NMPs for new or improved coverage of radical cure, ii) eight scenarios representative of Asia Pacific region, iii) matching test and treat options based on available options for G6PD testing and radical cure for the given scenarios, iv) an approaches tool to allow NMPs to visualize considerations for policy change process and different implementation strategies/approaches for each test and treat option. The OAT can support vivax radical cure policy formulation among NMPs and stakeholders tailoring for their unique country context. Future studies are needed to assess the utility and practicality of using the OAT for specific country context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjaya Acharya
- Global Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research and Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Australia
| | - Manash Shrestha
- Asia Pacific Malaria Elimination Network (APMEN) Vivax Working Group, Singapore, Singapore
- MMV Medicines for Malaria Venture (MMV), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ngo Duc Thang
- National Institute of Malariology, Parasitology and Entomology (NIMPE), Ministry of Health, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Lyndes Wini
- National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme, Ministry of Health and Medical Services, Honiara, The Solomon Islands
| | - M. Naeem Habib
- National Malaria Control Program, Ministry of Public Health, Kabul, Afghanistan
| | | | - Karma Lhazeen
- Asia Pacific Malaria Elimination Network (APMEN) Vivax Working Group, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Caroline A. Lynch
- Global Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research and Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Australia
- Asia Pacific Malaria Elimination Network (APMEN) Vivax Working Group, Singapore, Singapore
- MMV Medicines for Malaria Venture (MMV), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Kamala Thriemer
- Global Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research and Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Australia
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Brownson RC, Erwin PC. Revisiting The Future of Public Health: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly. Am J Public Health 2024; 114:479-485. [PMID: 38489498 PMCID: PMC11008290 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2023.307558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Ross C Brownson
- Ross C. Brownson is with the Prevention Research Center at the Brown School and the Division of Public Health Sciences and Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, MO. Paul C. Erwin is an AJPH associate editor and is with the School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Paul C Erwin
- Ross C. Brownson is with the Prevention Research Center at the Brown School and the Division of Public Health Sciences and Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, MO. Paul C. Erwin is an AJPH associate editor and is with the School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham
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Vinko M, Lesnik T, Radoš Krnel S. Evaluator's alignment as an important indicator of adequacy of the criteria and assessment procedure for recognizing the good practice in public health. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1286509. [PMID: 38711770 PMCID: PMC11070485 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1286509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Public health interventions aim to reduce the burden of chronic non-communicable diseases. Implementing evidence-based interventions that are proven to be successful and effective is widely recognized as the best approach to addressing public health challenges. To avoid the development and implementation of less effective or successful or even harmful practices, clear criteria for the assessment of practices, that consider different dimensions of the interventions in public health, are needed. The main aim of the research was to test our Criteria and assessment procedure for recognizing good practices in the field of public health by estimating the consistency between the evaluators and thereby gaining insight into the adequacy and reliability of the criteria as well as to check how the evaluators understand the criteria and methodology and if it is properly used in assessing the interventions. Methods The assessment of the interventions took place from 2021 to 2022. The individual evaluator's scores on the scale from 1 to 5 for each specific sub-criterion were collected, which was followed by a panel discussion to reach a final score for each sub-criterion. The inter-rater agreement was measured using percent overall agreement and Fleiss' kappa coefficient. Results We found moderate inter-rater agreement on the level of the assessment criteria group. The lowest agreement was observed for the effectiveness and efficiency sub-criteria group, which also received the lowest scores from the evaluators. Challenges identified with the scoring process were due to the descriptive 1 to 5 scale and the varying specificity of the criteria. Conclusion The results showed that studying consistency between evaluators can highlight areas for improvement or adjustment in the assessment criteria and enhance the quality of the assessment instrument. Therefore, such analysis would be useful part of both newly and well-established health promotion and prevention program registries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matej Vinko
- National Institute of Public Health, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Tol S, de Haan GA, Postuma EMJL, Jansen JL, Heutink J. Reading Difficulties in Individuals with Homonymous Visual Field Defects: A Systematic Review of Reported Interventions. Neuropsychol Rev 2024:10.1007/s11065-024-09636-4. [PMID: 38639880 DOI: 10.1007/s11065-024-09636-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Reading difficulties are amongst the most commonly reported problems in individuals with homonymous visual field defects (HVFDs). To be able to provide guidance for healthcare professionals considering offering reading training, researchers in this field and interested individuals with HVFDs, this systematic review aims to (1) provide an overview of the contextual and intervention characteristics of all published HVFD interventions and (2) generate insights into the different reading outcome measures that these studies adopted. A search on PsycINFO, MEDLINE and Web of Science was conducted up to February 2, 2023. All intervention studies for HVFD in which reading was measured were included. Data was collected about the intervention type, session duration, number of sessions, the intensity, duration, circumstance of the interventions, country in which the intervention was studied and reading measures. Sixty records are included, describing 70 interventions in total of which 21 are specifically reading interventions. Overall, adjusted saccadic behaviour interventions occur most in the literature. A wide range within all intervention characteristics was observed. Forty-nine records reported task-performance reading measures, and 33 records reported self-reported reading measures. The majority of task-performance measures are based on self-developed paragraph reading tasks with a time-based outcome measure (e.g. words per minute). Future research could benefit from making use of validated reading tests, approaching the measurement of reading mixed-methods and providing participants the possibility to supply outcomes relevant to them.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Tol
- Clinical and Developmental Neuropsychology, University of Groningen, Grote Kruisstraat 2/1, 9712 TS, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - G A de Haan
- Clinical and Developmental Neuropsychology, University of Groningen, Grote Kruisstraat 2/1, 9712 TS, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Royal Dutch Visio, Centre of Expertise for Blind and Partially Sighted People, Amersfoortsestraatweg 180, 1272 RR, Huizen, The Netherlands
| | - E M J L Postuma
- Clinical and Developmental Neuropsychology, University of Groningen, Grote Kruisstraat 2/1, 9712 TS, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - J L Jansen
- Clinical and Developmental Neuropsychology, University of Groningen, Grote Kruisstraat 2/1, 9712 TS, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - J Heutink
- Clinical and Developmental Neuropsychology, University of Groningen, Grote Kruisstraat 2/1, 9712 TS, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Royal Dutch Visio, Centre of Expertise for Blind and Partially Sighted People, Amersfoortsestraatweg 180, 1272 RR, Huizen, The Netherlands
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Yan C, Liu X, Zhang N, Liu Y, Wang B, Sun C, Tang Y, Qi Y, Yu B, Zhang L, Ning N. Dynamic assessment of community resilience in China: empirical surveys from three provinces. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1378723. [PMID: 38706551 PMCID: PMC11066254 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1378723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Strengthening the construction of community resilience and reducing disaster impacts are on the agenda of the Chinese government. The COVID-19 pandemic could alter the existing community resilience. This study aims to explore the dynamic change trends of community resilience in China and analyze the primary influencing factors of community resilience in the context of COVID-19, as well as construct Community Resilience Governance System Framework in China. Methods A community advancing resilience toolkit (CART) was used to conduct surveys in Guangdong, Sichuan, and Heilongjiang provinces in China in 2015 and 2022, with community resilience data and information on disaster risk awareness and disaster risk reduction behaviors of residents collected. The qualitative (in-depth interview) data from staffs of government agencies and communities (n = 15) were pooled to explore Community Resilience Governance System Framework in China. Descriptive statistics analysis and t-tests were used to investigate the dynamic development of community resilience in China. Hierarchical regression analysis was performed to explore the main influencing factors of residential community resilience with such socio-demographic characteristics as gender and age being controlled. Results The results indicate that community resilience in China has improved significantly, presenting differences with statistical significance (p < 0.05). In 2015, connection and caring achieved the highest score, while disaster management achieved the highest score in 2022, with resources and transformative potential ranking the lowest in their scores in both years. Generally, residents presented a high awareness of disaster risks. However, only a small proportion of residents that were surveyed had participated in any "community-organized epidemic prevention and control voluntary services" (34.9%). Analysis shows that core influencing factors of community resilience include: High sensitivity towards major epidemic-related information, particular attention to various kinds of epidemic prevention and control warning messages, participation in epidemic prevention and control voluntary services, and formulation of epidemic response plans. In this study, we have constructed Community Resilience Governance System Framework in China, which included community resilience risk awareness, community resilience governance bodies, community resilience mechanisms and systems. Conclusion During the pandemic, community resilience in China underwent significant changes. However, community capital was, is, and will be a weak link to community resilience. It is suggested that multi-stages assessments of dynamic change trends of community resilience should be further performed to analyze acting points and core influencing factors of community resilience establishment at different stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cunling Yan
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Department of Complaint Management, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Bingjie Wang
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Caihong Sun
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yunli Tang
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yue Qi
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Bingyan Yu
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Luhao Zhang
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ning Ning
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Think Tank of Public Health Security and Health Reform of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China
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Arnold L, Bimczok S, Clemens T, Brand H, Starke D. Implementing evidence ecosystems in the public health service: Development of a framework for designing tailored training programs. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0292192. [PMID: 38635845 PMCID: PMC11025971 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of local evidence ecosystems in which academia and practice in the Public Health Service (PHS) are interconnected. However, appropriate organizational structures and well-trained staff are lacking and evidence use in local public health decision-making has to be integrated into training programs in Germany. To address this issue, we developed a framework incorporating a toolbox to conceptualize training programs designed to qualify public health professionals for working at the interface between academia and practice. We conducted a scoping review of training programs, key-informant interviews with public health experts, and a multi-professional stakeholder workshop and triangulated their output. The resulting toolbox consists of four core elements, encompassing 15 parameters: (1) content-related aspects, (2) context-related aspects, (3) aspects relevant for determining the training format, and (4) aspects relevant for consolidation and further development. Guiding questions with examples supports the application of the toolbox. Additionally, we introduced a how-to-use guidance to streamline the creation of new training programs, fostering knowledge transfer at the academia-practice interface, equipping public health researchers and practitioners with relevant skills for needs-based PHS research. By promoting collaborative training development across institutions, our approach encourages cross-institutional cooperation, enhances evidence utilization, and enables efficient resource allocation. This collaborative effort in developing training programs within local evidence ecosystems not only strengthens the scientific and practical impact but also lays a foundation for implementing complex public health measures effectively at the local level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Arnold
- Academy of Public Health Services, Duesseldorf, Germany
- Department of International Health, Care and Public Health Research Institute—CAPHRI, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Simon Bimczok
- Academy of Public Health Services, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Timo Clemens
- Department of International Health, Care and Public Health Research Institute—CAPHRI, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Helmut Brand
- Department of International Health, Care and Public Health Research Institute—CAPHRI, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Dagmar Starke
- Academy of Public Health Services, Duesseldorf, Germany
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Clark EC, Baidoobonso S, Phillips KAM, Noonan LL, Bakker J, Burnett T, Stoby K, Dobbins M. Mobilizing community-driven health promotion through community granting programs: a rapid systematic review. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:932. [PMID: 38561718 PMCID: PMC10983705 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18443-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Effective health promotion responds to the unique needs of communities. Community granting programs that fund community-driven health promotion initiatives are a potential mechanism to meet those unique needs. While numerous community health-focused programs are available, the various strategies used by granting programs to foster engagement, administer grants and support awardees have not been systematically evaluated. This rapid systematic review explores the administration of community granting programs and how various program components impact process and population health outcomes. METHODS A systematic search was conducted across three databases: Medline, SocINDEX, and Political Science Database. Single reviewers completed screening, consistent with a rapid review protocol. Studies describing or evaluating community granting programs for health or public health initiatives were included. Data regarding program characteristics were extracted and studies were evaluated for quality. A convergent integrated approach was used to analyze quantitative and qualitative findings. RESULTS Thirty-five community granting programs, described in 36 studies, were included. Most were descriptive reports or qualitative studies conducted in the USA. Program support for grant awardees included technical assistance, workshops and training, program websites, and networking facilitation. While most programs reported on process outcomes, few reported on community or health outcomes; such outcomes were positive when reported. Programs reported that many funded projects were likely sustainable beyond program funding, due to the development of awardee skills, new partnerships, and securing additional funding. From the perspectives of program staff and awardees, facilitators included the technical assistance and workshops provided by the programs, networking amongst awardees, and the involvement of community members. Barriers included short timelines to develop proposals and allocate funds. CONCLUSIONS This review provides a comprehensive overview of health-related community granting programs. Grant awardees benefit from technical assistance, workshops, and networking with other awardees. Project sustainability is enhanced by the development of new community partnerships and grant-writing training for awardees. Community granting programs can be a valuable strategy to drive community health, with several key elements that enhance community mobilization. REGISTRATION PROSPERO #CRD42023399364.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily C Clark
- National Collaborating Centre for Methods and Tools, McMaster University, McMaster Innovation Park, 175 Longwood Rd S, Suite 210a, Hamilton, ON, L8P 0A1, Canada
| | - Shamara Baidoobonso
- Department of Health and Wellness, Government of Prince Edward Island, Chief Public Health Office, 16 Fitzroy St, Charlottetown, PE, C1A 7N8, Canada
| | - Karen A M Phillips
- Department of Health and Wellness, Government of Prince Edward Island, Chief Public Health Office, 16 Fitzroy St, Charlottetown, PE, C1A 7N8, Canada
| | - Laura Lee Noonan
- Department of Health and Wellness, Government of Prince Edward Island, Chief Public Health Office, 16 Fitzroy St, Charlottetown, PE, C1A 7N8, Canada
| | - Jiselle Bakker
- Department of Health and Wellness, Government of Prince Edward Island, Chief Public Health Office, 16 Fitzroy St, Charlottetown, PE, C1A 7N8, Canada
| | - Trish Burnett
- National Collaborating Centre for Methods and Tools, McMaster University, McMaster Innovation Park, 175 Longwood Rd S, Suite 210a, Hamilton, ON, L8P 0A1, Canada
| | - Karlene Stoby
- National Collaborating Centre for Methods and Tools, McMaster University, McMaster Innovation Park, 175 Longwood Rd S, Suite 210a, Hamilton, ON, L8P 0A1, Canada
| | - Maureen Dobbins
- National Collaborating Centre for Methods and Tools, McMaster University, McMaster Innovation Park, 175 Longwood Rd S, Suite 210a, Hamilton, ON, L8P 0A1, Canada.
- School of Nursing, McMaster University, Health Sciences Centre 2J20, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada.
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Théodore FL, González-Ángeles LR, Reynales-Shigematsu LM, Saenz-de-Miera B, Antonio-Ochoa E, Llorente B. The Challenges of Tobacco Fiscal Policy Implementation in Mexico From the Perspective of Key Actors. Nicotine Tob Res 2024; 26:444-451. [PMID: 37782763 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntad188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Raising tobacco taxes is considered the most effective strategy to avoid smoking initiation and discourage its use, especially among vulnerable groups. However, few low- and middle-income countries have adopted high tobacco taxes. Raising taxes is, therefore, an opportunity to strengthen and accelerate tobacco control. The objective of this study is to analyze the barriers and facilitators to the tobacco tax increase in Mexico. AIMS AND METHODS Based on the Governance Analytical Framework, data were generated through 17 in-depth interviews with key intersectoral actors for fiscal policy. The interviews were transcribed and coded according to Hufty's theory of governance. RESULTS Robust scientific evidence, intersectoral coordination, and the presence of "champions" boosted progress in tobacco control (facilitators). The main barriers were the incomplete implementation of the World Health Organization-Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO-FCTC) and MPOWER package and lack of commitment ("political will") by government decision makers and legislators, misinformation about the effects of tobacco taxes, and strong tobacco industry interference. CONCLUSIONS Robust evidence is necessary but not sufficient to advance the implementation of the MPOWER (WHO-FCTC) actions. To achieve tobacco tax increases and public policies that protect people from unhealthy products in general, the implementation of policies or legal frameworks against industry interference in the development of public policies is imperative. IMPLICATIONS By analyzing the barriers and facilitators to increasing the tobacco tax in Mexico, this study identifies two key messages: (1) The need to sensitize legislators and the general population to the problem of smoking not only through epidemiological data but also through testimonies that highlight the life experiences and adversities faced by people who smoke. (2) The need for a regulatory framework to prevent industry interference in public affairs and conflicts of interest. The same framework could be very useful for public health policies to control the consumption of ultra-processed food products or alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence L Théodore
- Centro de Investigación de Nutrición y Salud (CINyS), Instituto Nacional de salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | | | | | - Belen Saenz-de-Miera
- Departamento Académico de Economía, Universidad Autonoma de Baja California Sur, Baja California, Mexico
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25
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Decker MJ, Gutmann-Gonzalez A, Saphir M, Nguyen NT, Zhi Q, Brindis CD. Integrated Theory-Based Health and Development Interventions for Young People: A Global Scoping Review. HEALTH EDUCATION & BEHAVIOR 2024; 51:82-93. [PMID: 36314359 PMCID: PMC10785565 DOI: 10.1177/10901981221130734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most health and developmental issues affecting young people are interrelated. However, few interventions address multiple behavioral domains simultaneously or are based on theories that encompass a holistic perspective of youth development. AIM The purpose of this scoping review was to identify and describe the range of theory-based, multibehavioral health interventions aimed at improving two or more of the following behavioral youth outcomes: (1) sexual and reproductive health; (2) education and employment; (3) violence; and (4) substance use. METHODS Interventions conducted worldwide and published in English or Spanish between January 2000 and July 2020 were identified using four databases: PubMed, PsycINFO, LILACS, and SciELO. RESULTS A total of 11,084 articles were identified, of which 477 were retrieved and assessed for eligibility. Twenty-three articles (evaluating 21 interventions) ultimately met the inclusion criteria. Most interventions were conducted in the United States and addressed two behavioral domains of interest, although seven interventions incorporated three domains, and one incorporated all four. Substance use was the most common domain (16 interventions) but only in the United States/Canada, followed by sexual and reproductive health (14 interventions). All produced significant improvement in at least one outcome or for at least one subgroup of youth. The most common theoretical foundations were positive youth development and social learning theory. CONCLUSION Integrated interventions that are theory based and evidence informed can support positive development and empower youth to make healthy decisions. Further efforts are needed to address structural and policy issues that affect young people's developmental opportunities and health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Melissa Saphir
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Qi Zhi
- University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
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Sharma V, Crowe M, Cassetti O, Winning L, O'Sullivan A, O'Sullivan M. Dental caries in children in Ireland: A systematic review. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2024; 52:24-38. [PMID: 37515429 DOI: 10.1111/cdoe.12897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dental caries is the most common childhood disease worldwide. In the mid-1960s, mandatory Community Water Fluoridation (CWF) was introduced in the Republic of Ireland (RoI) aimed at reducing the prevalence and severity of dental caries in the population. In 2017, approximately, 71% of the Irish population was supplied with fluoridated drinking water. OBJECTIVES To review all children's dental health surveys at National, Regional and County-levels conducted in the Republic of Ireland from 1950 to 2021 and describe trends in dental caries prevalence. The secondary objective was to compare dental caries experience in children living in areas with and without CWF. METHODS Seven databases (Embase, Medline Ovid, PubMed, Cochrane, Web of Science, Scopus and Lenus Ireland) were systematically searched followed by lateral searches from reference lists. Studies reporting the caries experience of Irish children were eligible for inclusion. Two authors independently evaluated the quality of included studies using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist. RESULTS Thirty-one studies were included. Over the last 70 years, at National, Regional and County levels, mean dmft/DMFT (decayed, missing and filled teeth) scores have decreased and the percentage of caries-free children has increased in 5, 8, 12, and 15-year-olds. The decline in dental caries indices observed throughout the country was greater in children living in areas with CWF. Between the 1960s and 2002, the mean dmft scores for 5-year-olds living in the RoI were reduced by approximately 82% and 69% for the fluoridated and non-fluoridated groups respectively. Reduction in the mean DMFT scores for the 12-year-olds were 75% and 71%, respectively, for the fluoridated and non-fluoridated groups. Between 1961 and 2014, reductions in the mean dmft/DMFT scores among 5 and 12-years-olds living in County Dublin were approximately 88% and 90% respectively. These results should be interpreted in the context of widespread use of fluoridated toothpaste in the RoI. CONCLUSIONS Large reductions in the prevalence of dental caries in Irish children have been observed over the last seven decades. Greater dental caries reductions have been reported among children living in areas with CWF compared to those without CWF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Sharma
- Division of Restorative Dentistry and Periodontology, Dublin Dental University Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michael Crowe
- Division of Restorative Dentistry and Periodontology, Dublin Dental University Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Oscar Cassetti
- Division of Restorative Dentistry and Periodontology, Dublin Dental University Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Lewis Winning
- Division of Restorative Dentistry and Periodontology, Dublin Dental University Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aifric O'Sullivan
- Institute of Food and Health, Science Centre, South, UCD, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michael O'Sullivan
- Division of Restorative Dentistry and Periodontology, Dublin Dental University Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Hedayatipour M, Etemadi S, Hekmat SN, Moosavi A. Challenges of using evidence in managerial decision-making of the primary health care system. BMC Health Serv Res 2024; 24:38. [PMID: 38183009 PMCID: PMC10770934 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-023-10409-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Managerial Evidence-Based Decision-Making [EBDM] in the primary is a systematic approach that directs the decision-maker in a conscientious, explicit, and judicious utilization of reliable and best evidence based on the professional experiences and preferences of stakeholders and patients from various sources. This study aimed to investigate the challenges primary healthcare managers encounter while undertaking decision-making processes. METHOD A systematic review was conducted in 2022 with the aim of identifying and collecting all qualitative articles pertaining to evidence-based decision-making in the primary healthcare system. To achieve this, a meticulous search was conducted using the relevant keywords, including primary health care and evidence-based decision making, as well as their corresponding synonyms, across the databases Web of Science, Scopus, and Pubmed. Importantly, there were no limitations imposed on the timeframe for the search. To carefully analyze and consolidate the findings of this systematic review, the meta-synthesis approach was employed. RESULTS A total of 22 articles were assessed in this systematic review study. The results revealed the main categories including evidence nature, EBDM barriers, utilizing evidence, decision-makers ability, organizational structure, evidence-based, EBDM support, communication for EBDM, evidence sides, EBDM skill development, public health promotion, and health system performance improvement. CONCLUSION The primary healthcare system is crucial in improving health outcomes and ensuring access to healthcare services for all individuals. This study explored the utilization of evidence-based EBDM within the primary healthcare system. We identified five key dimensions: causal, contextual, and intervening conditions, strategies, and consequences of EBDM as a core phenomenon. The findings will help policymakers and administrators comprehend the importance of evidence-based decision-making, ultimately leading to enhanced decision quality, community well-being, and efficiency within the healthcare system. EBDM entails considering the best reliable evidence, and incorporating community preferences while also exploiting the professional expertise and experiences of decision-makers. This systematic review has the potential to provide guidance for future reforms and enhance the quality of decision-making at the managerial level in primary healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Hedayatipour
- Department of Healthcare Management, Policy and Economics, Faculty of Management and Medical Information Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Sina Etemadi
- Department of Healthcare Management, Policy and Economics, Faculty of Management and Medical Information Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Somayeh Noori Hekmat
- Department of Healthcare Management, Policy and Economics, Faculty of Management and Medical Information Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Alisadat Moosavi
- Department of Medical Library & Information Sciences, Faculty of Management and Medical Information Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Jager A, Papoutsi C, Wong G. The usage of data in NHS primary care commissioning: a realist evaluation. BMC PRIMARY CARE 2023; 24:275. [PMID: 38097950 PMCID: PMC10720102 DOI: 10.1186/s12875-023-02193-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To improve health outcomes and address mounting costs pressures, policy-makers have encouraged primary care commissioners in the British National Health Service (NHS) to increase the usage of data in decision-making. However, there exists limited research on this topic. In this study, we aimed to understand how and why primary care commissioners use data (i.e. quantitative, statistical information) to inform commissioning, and what outcomes this leads to. METHODS A realist evaluation was completed to create context-mechanism-outcome configurations (CMOs) relating to the contexts influencing the usage of data in primary care commissioning. Using a realist logic of analysis and drawing on substantive theories, we analysed qualitative content from 30 interviews and 51 meetings (51 recordings and 19 accompanying meeting minutes) to develop CMOs. Purposive sampling was used to recruit interviewees from diverse backgrounds. RESULTS Thirty-five CMOs were formed, resulting in an overarching realist programme theory. Thirteen CMOs were identical and 3 were truncated versions of those formed in an existing realist synthesis on the same topic. Seven entirely new CMOs, and 12 refined and enhanced CMOs vis-à-vis the synthesis were created. The findings included CMOs containing contexts which facilitated the usage of data, including the presence of a data champion and commissioners' perceptions that external providers offered new skillsets and types of data. Other CMOs included contexts presenting barriers to using data, such as data not being presented in an interoperable way with consistent definitions, or financial pressures inhibiting commissioners' abilities to make evidence-based decisions. CONCLUSIONS Commissioners are enthusiastic about using data as a source of information, a tool to stimulate improvements, and a warrant for decision-making. However, they also face considerable challenges when using them. There are replicable contexts available to facilitate commissioners' usage of data, which we used to inform policy recommendations. The findings of this study and our recommendations are pertinent in light of governments' increasing commitment to data-driven commissioning and health policy-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Jager
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Chrysanthi Papoutsi
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Geoff Wong
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Prince SA, Lang JJ, de Groh M, Badland H, Barnett A, Littlejohns LB, Brandon NC, Butler GP, Casu G, Cerin E, Colley RC, de Lannoy L, Demchenko I, Ellingwood HN, Evenson KR, Faulkner G, Fridman L, Friedenreich CM, Fuller DL, Fuselli P, Giangregorio LM, Gupta N, Hino AA, Hume C, Isernhagen B, Jalaludin B, Lakerveld J, Larouche R, Lemon SC, Loucaides CA, Maddock JE, McCormack GR, Mehta A, Milton K, Mota J, Ngo VD, Owen N, Oyeyemi AL, Palmeira AL, Rainham DG, Rhodes RE, Ridgers ND, Roosendaal I, Rosenberg DE, Schipperijn J, Slater SJ, Storey KE, Tremblay MS, Tully MA, Vanderloo LM, Veitch J, Vietinghoff C, Whiting S, Winters M, Yang L, Geneau R. Prioritizing a research agenda on built environments and physical activity: a twin panel Delphi consensus process with researchers and knowledge users. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2023; 20:144. [PMID: 38062460 PMCID: PMC10704660 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-023-01533-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The growth of urban dwelling populations globally has led to rapid increases of research and policy initiatives addressing associations between the built environment and physical activity (PA). Given this rapid proliferation, it is important to identify priority areas and research questions for moving the field forward. The objective of this study was to identify and compare research priorities on the built environment and PA among researchers and knowledge users (e.g., policy makers, practitioners). METHODS Between September 2022 and April 2023, a three-round, modified Delphi survey was conducted among two independent panels of international researchers (n = 38) and knowledge users (n = 23) to identify similarities and differences in perceived research priorities on the built environment and PA and generate twin 'top 10' lists of the most important research needs. RESULTS From a broad range of self-identified issues, both panels ranked in common the most pressing research priorities including stronger study designs such as natural experiments, research that examines inequalities and inequities, establishing the cost effectiveness of interventions, safety and injuries related to engagement in active transportation (AT), and considerations for climate change and climate adaptation. Additional priorities identified by researchers included: implementation science, research that incorporates Indigenous perspectives, land-use policies, built environments that support active aging, and participatory research. Additional priorities identified by knowledge users included: built environments and PA among people living with disabilities and a need for national data on trip chaining, multi-modal travel, and non-work or school-related AT. CONCLUSIONS Five common research priorities between the two groups emerged, including (1) to better understand causality, (2) interactions with the natural environment, (3) economic evaluations, (4) social disparities, and (5) preventable AT-related injuries. The findings may help set directions for future research, interdisciplinary and intersectoral collaborations, and funding opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie A Prince
- Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research, Public Health Agency of Canada, 785 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, K1A 0K9, Canada.
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.
| | - Justin J Lang
- Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research, Public Health Agency of Canada, 785 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, K1A 0K9, Canada
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, City East Campus, Adelaide, South Australia
| | - Margaret de Groh
- Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research, Public Health Agency of Canada, 785 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Hannah Badland
- Social and Global Studies Centre, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Anthony Barnett
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lori Baugh Littlejohns
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Population and Public Health, BC Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Gregory P Butler
- Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research, Public Health Agency of Canada, 785 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Géna Casu
- Association pour la santé publique du Québec (ASPQ), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Ester Cerin
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Rachel C Colley
- Health Analysis Division, Statistics Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Iryna Demchenko
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Kelly R Evenson
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Guy Faulkner
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Liraz Fridman
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Applied Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christine M Friedenreich
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Cancer Care Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Daniel L Fuller
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | | | - Lora M Giangregorio
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
- Schlegel-UW Research Institute for Aging, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Neeru Gupta
- Department of Sociology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Adriano A Hino
- Health Sciences Graduate Program, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Clare Hume
- School of Public Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | | | - Bin Jalaludin
- School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jeroen Lakerveld
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Health Behaviours and Chronic Diseases, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Upstream Team, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Richard Larouche
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Stephenie C Lemon
- Prevention Research Center, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Jay E Maddock
- School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Gavin R McCormack
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- School of Planning, Architecture, and Landscape, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Aman Mehta
- Maroondah City Council, Victoria, Australia
| | - Karen Milton
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Jorge Mota
- Research Center in Physical Activity, health and Leisure (CIAFEL)-Faculty of Sports-University of Porto (FADEUP) and Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Porto, Portugal
| | - Victor D Ngo
- Canadian Institute of Planners, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Neville Owen
- Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Adewale L Oyeyemi
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | | | - Daniel G Rainham
- Healthy Populations Institute, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Ryan E Rhodes
- School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Nicola D Ridgers
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, City East Campus, Adelaide, South Australia
| | | | - Dori E Rosenberg
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jasper Schipperijn
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Sandra J Slater
- Bachelor of Science in Public Health Program, School of Pharmacy, Concordia University Wisconsin, Mequon, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Kate E Storey
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Mark S Tremblay
- Outdoor Play Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Health Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark A Tully
- School of Medicine, Ulster University, Londonberry, United Kingdom
| | - Leigh M Vanderloo
- ParticipACTION, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- School of Occupational Therapy, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jenny Veitch
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Stephen Whiting
- World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Meghan Winters
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Linchuan Yang
- Department of Urban and Rural Planning, School of Architecture, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Robert Geneau
- Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research, Public Health Agency of Canada, 785 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, K1A 0K9, Canada
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Smith NR, Hassmiller Lich K, Ng SW, Hall MG, Trogdon JG, Frerichs L. Implementation costs of sugary drink policies in the United States. J Public Health Policy 2023; 44:566-587. [PMID: 37714964 PMCID: PMC10841536 DOI: 10.1057/s41271-023-00435-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
To support implementation of important public health policies, policymakers need information about implementation costs over time and across stakeholder groups. We assessed implementation costs of two federal sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) policies of current policy interest and with evidence to support their effects: excise taxes and health warning labels. Our analysis encompassed the entire policy life cycle using the Exploration, Preparation, Implementation, and Sustainment framework. We identified implementation actions using key informant interviews and developed quantitative estimates of implementation costs using published literature and government documents. Results show that implementation costs vary over time and among stakeholders. Explicitly integrating implementation science theory and using mixed methods improved the comprehensiveness of our results. Although this work is specific to federal SSB policies, the process can inform how we understand the costs of many public health policies, providing crucial information for public health policy making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Riva Smith
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Kristen Hassmiller Lich
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Shu Wen Ng
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Marissa G Hall
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Justin G Trogdon
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Leah Frerichs
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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McCrabb S, Hall A, Milat A, Bauman A, Hodder R, Mooney K, Webb E, Barnes C, Yoong S, Sutherland R, Wolfenden L. Disseminating health research to public health policy-makers and practitioners: a survey of source, message content and delivery modality preferences. Health Res Policy Syst 2023; 21:121. [PMID: 38012773 PMCID: PMC10680334 DOI: 10.1186/s12961-023-01066-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the views of policy-makers and practitioners regarding how best to communicate research evidence is important to support research use in their decision-making. AIM To quantify and describe public health policy-makers and practitioners' views regarding the source, content and form of messages describing public health research findings to inform their decision-making. We also sought to examine differences in preferences between public health policy-makers and practitioners. METHODS A cross sectional, value-weighting survey of policy-makers and practitioners was conducted. Participants were asked to allocate a proportion of 100 points across different (i) sources of research evidence, (ii) message content and (iii) the form in which evidence is presented. Points were allocated based on their rating of influence, usefulness and preference when making decisions about health policy or practice. RESULTS A total of 186 survey responses were received from 90 policy-makers and 96 practitioners. Researchers and government department agencies were the most influential source of research evidence based on mean allocation of points, followed by knowledge brokers, professional peers and associations. Mean point allocation for perceived usefulness of message content was highest for simple summary of key findings and implications, and then evidence-based recommendations and data and statistical summaries. Finally, based on mean scores, policy-makers and practitioners preferred to receive research evidence in the form of peer-reviewed publications, reports, evidence briefs and plain language summaries. There were few differences in scores between policy-makers and practitioners across source, message content or form assessments or those with experience in different behavioural areas. CONCLUSIONS The findings should provide a basis for the future development and optimization of dissemination strategies to this important stakeholder group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam McCrabb
- School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia.
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, 2305, Australia.
| | - Alix Hall
- School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, 2305, Australia
- Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Local Health District, Wallsend, NSW, 2287, Australia
| | - Andrew Milat
- School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence, NSW Ministry of Health, Sydney, Australia
| | - Adrian Bauman
- School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
- Prevention Research Collaboration, Charles Perkins Centre, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- The Australian Prevention Partnership Centre, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Rebecca Hodder
- School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
- Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Local Health District, Wallsend, NSW, 2287, Australia
| | - Kaitlin Mooney
- School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Emily Webb
- School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Courtney Barnes
- School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
- Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Local Health District, Wallsend, NSW, 2287, Australia
| | - Serene Yoong
- School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
- Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Local Health District, Wallsend, NSW, 2287, Australia
- School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, 3122, Australia
- Global Nutrition and Preventive Health, Institute of Health Transformation, School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University, Burwood, Australia
| | - Rachel Sutherland
- School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
- Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Local Health District, Wallsend, NSW, 2287, Australia
| | - Luke Wolfenden
- School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, 2305, Australia
- Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Local Health District, Wallsend, NSW, 2287, Australia
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Wang VMY, Baigrie B. Caring as the unacknowledged matrix of evidence-based nursing. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ETHICS 2023:jme-2023-109472. [PMID: 37968107 DOI: 10.1136/jme-2023-109472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
In this article, we explicate evidence-based nursing (EBN), critically appraise its framework and respond to nurses' concern that EBN sidelines the caring elements of nursing practice. We use resources from care ethics, especially Vrinda Dalmiya's work that considers care as crucial for both epistemology and ethics, to show how EBN is compatible with, and indeed can be enhanced by, the caring aspects of nursing practice. We demonstrate that caring can act as a bridge between 'external' evidence and the other pillars of the EBN framework: clinical expertise; patient preferences and values. Drawing on an influential EBN handbook, section 1 presents the aims and features of EBN, including the normative principle that EBN should take place within a 'context of caring'. We aim to understand this context and whether it can be neatly detached from the EBN framework, as the handbook seems to suggest. In section 2, we highlight the grounds for resistance to EBN from the nursing community, before mounting the argument that nursing practices can be understood fruitfully through feminist care ethics and/or virtue ethics lenses. In section 3, we deepen that analysis using Dalmiya's concepts of care-knowing and care as a hybrid ethico-epistemic virtue, which are ideally suited to the complex practices of nursing. In section 4, we bring this rich understanding of care into conversation with EBN, showing that its framework cannot be adequately theorised without paying proper attention to care. Caring can be neither an innocuous background assumption of nor an afterthought to the EBN framework.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brian Baigrie
- Institute for the History and Philosophy of Science and Technology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Dam J, Wright A, Bos JJA, Bragge P. Global issues, local action: exploring local governments use of research in "tackling climate change and its impacts on health" in Victoria, Australia. BMC Health Serv Res 2023; 23:1142. [PMID: 37875934 PMCID: PMC10594743 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-023-10087-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Local government plays an important role in addressing complex public health challenges. While the use of research in this work is important, it is often poorly understood. This study aimed to build knowledge about how research is used by investigating its use by local government authorities (LGAs) in Victoria, Australia in responding to a new legislative requirement to prioritise climate and health in public health planning. The role of collaboration was also explored. METHODS Informed by Normalization Process Theory (NPT), this study adopted multiple research methods, combining data from an online survey and face-to-face interviews. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics; thematic analysis was used to analyse qualitative data. RESULTS Participants comprised 15 interviewees, and 46 survey respondents from 40 different LGAs. Research was most commonly accessed via evidence synthesis, and largely used to inform understanding about climate and health. When and how research was used was shaped by contextual factors including legislation, community values and practical limitations of how research needed to be communicated to decision-makers. Collaboration was more commonly associated with research access than use. CONCLUSIONS Greater investment in the production and dissemination of localised research, that identifies local issues (e.g. climate risk factors) and is tailored to the communication needs of local audiences is needed to foster more impactful research use in local public health policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Dam
- Monash Sustainable Development Institute, Monash University, 8 Scenic Boulevard, Clayton Campus, Victoria, 3800, Australia.
| | - Annemarie Wright
- Victorian Department of Health and Human Services, Victoria, Australia
| | - Joannette J Annette Bos
- Monash Sustainable Development Institute, Monash University, 8 Scenic Boulevard, Clayton Campus, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Peter Bragge
- Monash Sustainable Development Institute, Monash University, 8 Scenic Boulevard, Clayton Campus, Victoria, 3800, Australia
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Weber MB, Baumann AA, Rakhra A, Akwanalo C, Gladys Amaning Adjei K, Andesia J, Apusiga K, Ha DA, Hosseinipour MC, Muula AS, Nguyen HL, Price LN, Ramirez-Zea M, Fitzpatrick AL, Fort MP. Global implementation research capacity building to address cardiovascular disease: An assessment of efforts in eight countries. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 3:e0002237. [PMID: 37708090 PMCID: PMC10501667 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0002237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, but implementation of evidence-based interventions for risk factors such as hypertension is lacking, particularly in low and middle income countries (LMICs). Building implementation research capacity in LMICs is required to overcome this gap. Members of the Global Research on Implementation and Translation Science (GRIT) Consortium have been collaborating in recent years to establish a research and training infrastructure in dissemination and implementation to improve hypertension care. GRIT includes projects in Ghana, Guatemala, India, Kenya, Malawi, Nepal, Rwanda, and Vietnam. We collected data from each site on capacity building activities using the Potter and Brough (2004) model, mapping formal and informal activities to develop (a) structures, systems and roles, (b) staff and infrastructure, (c) skills, and (d) tools. We captured information about sites' needs assessments and metrics plus program adaptations due to the COVID-19 pandemic. All sites reported capacity building activities in each layer of the Capacity Pyramid, with the largest number of activities in the Skills and Tools categories, the more technical and easier to implement categories. All sites included formal and informal training to build Skills. All sites included a baseline needs assessment to guide capacity building activities or assess context and inform intervention design. Sites implementing evidence-based hypertension interventions used common implementation science frameworks to evaluate implementation outcomes. Although the COVID-19 pandemic affected timelines and in-person events, all projects were able to pivot and carry out planned activities. Although variability in the activities and methods used existed, GRIT programs used needs assessments to guide locally appropriate design and implementation of capacity building activities. COVID-19 related changes were necessary, but strong collaborations and relationships with health ministries were maintained. The GRIT Consortium is a model for planning capacity building in LMICs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Beth Weber
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Emory University, Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Ana A. Baumann
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Ashlin Rakhra
- Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York City, New York, United States of America
| | | | - Kezia Gladys Amaning Adjei
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science & Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Josephine Andesia
- Academic Model Providing Access to Healthcare (AMPATH), Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Kingsley Apusiga
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science & Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Duc A. Ha
- Health Strategy and Policy Institute, Vietnam Ministry of Health, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Mina C. Hosseinipour
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Adamson S. Muula
- College of Medicine, University of Malawi and the Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Hoa L. Nguyen
- University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - LeShawndra N. Price
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Manuel Ramirez-Zea
- INCAP Research Center for the Prevention of Chronic Diseases, Institute of Nutrition of Central America and Panama (INCAP), Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - Annette L. Fitzpatrick
- School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Meredith P. Fort
- Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado – Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
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Klepac B, Krahe M, Spaaij R, Craike M. Six Public Policy Recommendations to Increase the Translation and Utilization of Research Evidence in Public Health Practice. Public Health Rep 2023; 138:715-720. [PMID: 36239490 PMCID: PMC10467493 DOI: 10.1177/00333549221129355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bojana Klepac
- Mitchell Institute for Education and Health Policy, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Ramon Spaaij
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
- School of Governance, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Melinda Craike
- Mitchell Institute for Education and Health Policy, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
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Dupuis R, Reiner JF, Silver S, Barrett JL, Daly JG, Lee RM, Gortmaker SL, Cradock AL. Use of Evidence-Based Interventions to Promote Healthy Weight, Nutrition, and Physical Activity in Community Health Improvement Plans from Large Local Health Departments. JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH MANAGEMENT AND PRACTICE 2023; 29:640-645. [PMID: 37350590 DOI: 10.1097/phh.0000000000001778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
We sought to identify evidence-based healthy weight, nutrition, and physical activity strategies related to obesity prevention in large local health department (LHD) Community Health Improvement Plans (CHIPs). We analyzed the content of the most recent, publicly available plans from 72 accredited LHDs serving a population of at least 500 000 people. We matched CHIP strategies to the County Health Rankings and Roadmaps' What Works for Health (WWFH) database of interventions. We identified 739 strategies across 55 plans, 62.5% of which matched a "WWFH intervention" rated for effectiveness on diet and exercise outcomes. Among the 20 most commonly identified WWFH interventions in CHIPs, 10 had the highest evidence for effectiveness while 4 were rated as likely to decrease health disparities according to WWFH. Future prioritization of strategies by health agencies could focus on strategies with the strongest evidence for promoting healthy weight, nutrition, and physical activity outcomes and reducing health disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxanne Dupuis
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts (Mss Dupuis, Reiner, Silver, and Barrett, Mr Daly, and Drs Lee, Gortmaker, and Cradock); and Evans Center for Implementation and Improvement Sciences, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts (Ms Silver)
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Reid MJ, Tetteh EK, Ingaiza LM, Bradley CD, Dolcini MM, McKay VR. High Impact for Whom? A Qualitative Analysis of Organization Concerns About the Transition to High-Impact Prevention Policy. Health Promot Pract 2023; 24:932-943. [PMID: 35533246 DOI: 10.1177/15248399221091537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
HIV represents a significant health burden in the United States. In 2012, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) stopped recommending many once-promoted interventions as part of a shift from one HIV intervention policy, Diffusion of Effective Behavioral Interventions (DEBI), to another, High Impact Prevention (HIP). Twenty-nine staff members from 10 organizations were interviewed to explore how organizations reacted to this shift. Three major themes emerged: (1) Personal experience, community assessment, and epidemiological evidence influenced organizations' perceptions of efficacy and preference for earlier interventions. (2) Organizations were concerned that HIP interventions were not a good fit for their priority populations. (3) Organizations were frustrated with the top-down approach by the CDC prioritizing HIP interventions over earlier interventions. These results indicate that organizations continue to see value in and provide DEBI interventions. In addition, a more participatory process incorporating qualitative evidence and organizations' experiences may be necessary to achieve widespread de-implementation of DEBI interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - M Margaret Dolcini
- School of Social and Behavioral Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
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Arigbede O, Kilanko O, Arigbede OJ, Matthew O. Hunger, Food Security, and Sovereignty: A Need for Evidence-Based Public Health Approaches to Meet Sustainable Development Goals. Int J Public Health 2023; 68:1605956. [PMID: 37674663 PMCID: PMC10477352 DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2023.1605956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Olumide Arigbede
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Public Health, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Oluwaseun Kilanko
- Division of Economic, Social and Administrative Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Public Health, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Oluwatomilola Joy Arigbede
- Department of Nursing, Division of Healthcare Professions, Tallahassee Community College, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Olayemi Matthew
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Public Health, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
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Ramanadhan S, Cruz JL, Weese M, Naveed N, Kirk S, Rivard MK, Kirk J, Whitaker A, Peterson K, Eisenkraft A. Similar skills, different frames: a thematic analysis exploring conceptualizations held by community-based organization practitioners and academics regarding skills to use evidence-based interventions to address cancer inequities. Implement Sci Commun 2023; 4:86. [PMID: 37496041 PMCID: PMC10373222 DOI: 10.1186/s43058-023-00472-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Community-based organizations (CBOs) are critical partners in delivering evidence-based interventions (EBIs) to address cancer inequities. However, CBO practitioners do not typically have access to opportunities to build the necessary capacity (skills, knowledge, motivation, and resources) for using EBIs. Although capacity-building interventions can offer a solution, inconsistent definitions and measurements of capacity limit the ability to develop and evaluate such efforts. We explored how and why conceptualizations of core skills for EBI use differ between practitioners and academics addressing cancer and other health inequities. We anchored the inquiry with a commonly used set of target skills for EBI capacity-building efforts. METHODS The study was conducted by an interdisciplinary team of academic researchers and CBO practitioners. We gathered data through semi-structured, hour-long interviews with practitioners and academics working to address cancer and other health inequities (n = 19). After hearing a brief vignette about a CBO addressing cervical cancer inequities, participants considered a widely accepted list of skills for EBI use that included assessing needs, engaging stakeholders, and selecting, adapting, implementing, evaluating, and sustaining the EBI. We used a team-based, reflexive thematic analysis approach grounded in critical and constructivist perspectives. RESULTS Overall, the original list resonated with practitioners and academics and they added new skills to the list (cultural humility and systems change). Practitioners' responses described skills from the reference point of addressing broader community needs and context and achieving change over the long term, emphasizing aspects of health promotion in their descriptions. Academics offered a mix of perspectives, with some focused on addressing community needs (and related flexibility regarding EBIs) but more emphasized skills needed to deliver a specific EBI to achieve a focused set of health and equity outcomes. CONCLUSIONS There is a significant opportunity to leverage complementary expertise and perspectives held by practitioners and academics addressing cancer inequities. However, the different frames utilized suggest proactive efforts will be required to find alignment across groups, particularly in valuing diverse contributions and identifying relevant outcomes of interest for each group. Such alignment is critical to designing effective capacity-building interventions and supporting the routine utilization of EBIs to address cancer inequities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoba Ramanadhan
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Jennifer L Cruz
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Maggie Weese
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Natasha Naveed
- University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 William T. Morrissey Blvd, Boston, MA, 02125, USA
| | - Shinelle Kirk
- Conservation Law Foundation, 62 Summer St, Boston, MA, 02110, USA
| | - Madison K Rivard
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Judi Kirk
- Boys and Girls Club of Worcester, 65 Boys & Girls Club Way, Worcester, MA, 01610, USA
| | - Albert Whitaker
- American Heart Association, 300 5Th Ave, Waltham, MA, 02451, USA
- St. Mark Congregational Church, 200 Townsend St, Boston, MA, 02121, USA
| | - Karen Peterson
- Tufts Medicine, 800 District Avenue, Suite 520, Burlington, MA, 01803, USA
| | - Arthur Eisenkraft
- University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 William T. Morrissey Blvd, Boston, MA, 02125, USA
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Sales RK, Reyes-Ramos GK, de Veyra C, Gascon G, Barraca V, Garcia G, Yap ME. Advancing health through evidence assisted decisions with health policy and systems research program: a qualitative evaluation of a national health research grant management process in the Philippines. Health Res Policy Syst 2023; 21:73. [PMID: 37443116 DOI: 10.1186/s12961-023-01021-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health policy and systems research (HPSR) has influenced Philippine policies, including tobacco control, mental health, and COVID-19. The Department of Health (DOH) Philippines and Philippine Council for Health Research and Development (PCHRD) launched the Advancing Health through Evidence-Assisted Decisions (AHEAD) with HPSR program in 2017, aiming to build a community of researchers and decision-makers committed to evidence production and utilization. Research systems employ grant management processes for transparency and accountability in research funding, preventing waste, fraud, and misuse of funds. METHODS This study evaluated AHEAD-HPSR's grant management using surveys, interviews, and focus groups to document (1) grant administration processes implemented by DOH and PCHRD, and (2) experiences of grantees, program managers, staff, and policymakers. Data were initially analyzed through the USA Grant Accountability Office's Federal Grant Life Cycle, with new themes created as they emerged. The study identified processes and gaps in the research grant life cycle stages: design/redesign, pre-award, award, implementation, closeout, and research dissemination and utilization. RESULTS Identification of research areas for the grant are identified using national and departmental research priorities. While Calls for Proposals are posted publicly, researchers that have previously worked with policymakers are contacted directly to submit proposals. The evaluation found that research is delayed by bureaucracies in grant administration, particularly in financial reporting and ethics review processes. Complying with the terminal financial report was identified as the most challenging part of the grant process due to immense auditing requirements. Grantees recommend the simplification of bureaucracy for fund release to enable them to focus on research work. CONCLUSION This study contributes to the limited literature on health research grant management in developing countries. Valuable information and recommendations were contributed by stakeholders in this evaluation. These are manifestations of a continuing interest and desire to make health policy and systems research in the Philippines more robust and relevant. It is imperative for the program to continually evolve and build systems most applicable to its multidisciplinary context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reneepearl Kim Sales
- Alliance for Improving Health Outcomes, Veria 1 Building, 62 West Avenue, West Triangle, 1104, Quezon City, Philippines.
| | - Gladys Kaye Reyes-Ramos
- Alliance for Improving Health Outcomes, Veria 1 Building, 62 West Avenue, West Triangle, 1104, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Chiqui de Veyra
- Alliance for Improving Health Outcomes, Veria 1 Building, 62 West Avenue, West Triangle, 1104, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Gabrielle Gascon
- Alliance for Improving Health Outcomes, Veria 1 Building, 62 West Avenue, West Triangle, 1104, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Vianka Barraca
- Alliance for Improving Health Outcomes, Veria 1 Building, 62 West Avenue, West Triangle, 1104, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Gillian Garcia
- Alliance for Improving Health Outcomes, Veria 1 Building, 62 West Avenue, West Triangle, 1104, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Maria Eufemia Yap
- Alliance for Improving Health Outcomes, Veria 1 Building, 62 West Avenue, West Triangle, 1104, Quezon City, Philippines
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Jager A, Wong G, Papoutsi C, Roberts N. The usage of data in NHS primary care commissioning: a realist review. BMC Med 2023; 21:236. [PMID: 37400837 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-023-02949-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary care has been described as the 'bedrock' of the National Health Service (NHS) accounting for approximately 90% of patient contacts but is facing significant challenges. Against a backdrop of a rapidly ageing population with increasingly complex health challenges, policy-makers have encouraged primary care commissioners to increase the usage of data when making commissioning decisions. Purported benefits include cost savings and improved population health. However, research on evidence-based commissioning has concluded that commissioners work in complex environments and that closer attention should be paid to the interplay of contextual factors and evidence use. The aim of this review was to understand how and why primary care commissioners use data to inform their decision making, what outcomes this leads to, and understand what factors or contexts promote and inhibit their usage of data. METHODS We developed initial programme theory by identifying barriers and facilitators to using data to inform primary care commissioning based on the findings of an exploratory literature search and discussions with programme implementers. We then located a range of diverse studies by searching seven databases as well as grey literature. Using a realist approach, which has an explanatory rather than a judgemental focus, we identified recurrent patterns of outcomes and their associated contexts and mechanisms related to data usage in primary care commissioning to form context-mechanism-outcome (CMO) configurations. We then developed a revised and refined programme theory. RESULTS Ninety-two studies met the inclusion criteria, informing the development of 30 CMOs. Primary care commissioners work in complex and demanding environments, and the usage of data are promoted and inhibited by a wide range of contexts including specific commissioning activities, commissioners' perceptions and skillsets, their relationships with external providers of data (analysis), and the characteristics of data themselves. Data are used by commissioners not only as a source of evidence but also as a tool for stimulating commissioning improvements and as a warrant for convincing others about decisions commissioners wish to make. Despite being well-intentioned users of data, commissioners face considerable challenges when trying to use them, and have developed a range of strategies to deal with 'imperfect' data. CONCLUSIONS There are still considerable barriers to using data in certain contexts. Understanding and addressing these will be key in light of the government's ongoing commitments to using data to inform policy-making, as well as increasing integrated commissioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Jager
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Geoff Wong
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Chrysanthi Papoutsi
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Nia Roberts
- Bodleian Health Care Libraries, Medical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Dam JL, Nagorka-Smith P, Waddell A, Wright A, Bos JJ, Bragge P. Research evidence use in local government-led public health interventions: a systematic review. Health Res Policy Syst 2023; 21:67. [PMID: 37400905 DOI: 10.1186/s12961-023-01009-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Local governments play an important role in improving public health outcomes globally, critical to this work is applying the best-available research evidence. Despite considerable exploration of research use in knowledge translation literature, how research is practically applied by local governments remains poorly understood. This systematic review examined research evidence use in local government-led public health interventions. It focused on how research was used and the type of intervention being actioned. METHODS Quantitative and qualitative literature published between 2000 and 2020 was searched for studies that described research evidence use by local governments in public health interventions. Studies reporting interventions developed outside of local government, including knowledge translation interventions, were excluded. Studies were categorised by intervention type and their level of description of research evidence use (where 'level 1' was the highest and 'level 3' was the lowest level of detail). FINDINGS The search identified 5922 articles for screening. A final 34 studies across ten countries were included. Experiences of research use varied across different types of interventions. However, common themes emerged including the demand for localised research evidence, the legitimising role of research in framing public health issues, and the need for integration of different evidence sources. CONCLUSIONS Differences in how research was used were observed across different local government public health interventions. Knowledge translation interventions aiming to increase research use in local government settings should consider known barriers and facilitators and consider contextual factors associated with different localities and interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Dam
- Monash Sustainable Development Institute, Monash University, 8 Scenic Boulevard, Clayton Campus, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia.
| | - Phoebe Nagorka-Smith
- School of Health and Social Development, Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, 1 Gheringhap Street, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia
| | - Alex Waddell
- Action Lab, Monash University, 8 Scenic Boulevard, Clayton Campus, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Annemarie Wright
- Victorian Department of Health and Human Services, 50 Lonsdale Street, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, 207 Bouverie Street, VIC, 3053, Carlton, Australia
| | - Joannette J Bos
- Monash Sustainable Development Institute, Monash University, 8 Scenic Boulevard, Clayton Campus, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Peter Bragge
- Monash Sustainable Development Institute, Monash University, 8 Scenic Boulevard, Clayton Campus, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
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Neutel E, Kuhn S, Driscoll P, Gwinnutt C, Moreira Z, Veloso A, Manso MC, Carneiro A. Does participation in the European Trauma Course lead to new behaviours and organisational change? A Portuguese experience. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2023; 23:415. [PMID: 37280631 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-023-04322-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medical educational courses can be successful from an immediate feedback perspective but not lead to new behaviour or organisational changes in the workplace. The aim of this study was to assess the self-perceived impact of the European Trauma Course (ETC) on Reanima trainees' behaviour and organisational change. METHODS A 40-item questionnaire based on Holton's evaluation model was used to evaluate the candidate's perceptions. The results were analysed with descriptive and inferential statistical analysis using nonparametric tests with α = 0.05. RESULTS Out of 295 participants, 126 responded to the survey. Of these, 94% affirmed that the ETC modified their approach to trauma patients, and 71.4% described a change in their behaviour. Postcourse responders changed their behaviour in their initial approach to trauma care in the nontechnical skills of communication, prioritisation and teamwork. Being an ETC instructor strongly influenced the acquisition of new material, and this group was able to implement changes in attitudes. Individuals with no previous trauma course experience identified lack of self-efficacy as a significant obstacle to introducing new work-based learning. In contrast, responders with ATLS training noted a lack of ETC colleagues as the main impediment for moving from conceptualisation to experimentation in the workplace. CONCLUSIONS Participation in the ETC led to behavioural changes in the workplace. However, the ability to influence others and bring about wider organisational changes was more difficult to achieve. Major factors were the status of the person, their experience and self-efficacy. National organisational impact was obtained, which went far beyond our aspirations in acknowledging change in individual daily practice. Future research studies will include the effect of implementing the ETC methodology on the outcome of trauma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabete Neutel
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Emergency, Porto University Hospital: Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Santo António (CHUd SA), Largo Professor Abel Salazar, 4099-001, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Sebastian Kuhn
- Institute of Digital Medicine, Philipps-University Marburg and University Hospital of Giessen and Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Peter Driscoll
- Faculty of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, PR1 2HE, UK
| | - Carl Gwinnutt
- Resuscitation Council UK, Tavistock Square, London, WC1H 9HR, UK
| | - Zélia Moreira
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Emergency, Porto University Hospital: Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Santo António (CHUd SA), Largo Professor Abel Salazar, 4099-001, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Veloso
- CICS. NOVA. UMinho; School of Psychology, University of Minho, 4704-553, Braga, Portugal
| | - Maria Conceição Manso
- Faculty of Health Sciences, FP-I3ID/FP-BHS, University Fernando Pessoa, 4200-150, Porto, Portugal
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Ramalho A, Petrica J. Knowledge in Motion: A Comprehensive Review of Evidence-Based Human Kinetics. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6020. [PMID: 37297624 PMCID: PMC10252659 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20116020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This comprehensive review examines critical aspects of evidence-based human kinetics, focusing on bridging the gap between scientific evidence and practical implementation. To bridge this gap, the development of tailored education and training programs is essential, providing practitioners with the expertise and skills to effectively apply evidence-based programs and interventions. The effectiveness of these programs in improving physical fitness across all age groups has been widely demonstrated. In addition, integrating artificial intelligence and the principles of slow science into evidence-based practice promises to identify gaps in knowledge and stimulate further research in human kinetics. The purpose of this review is to provide researchers and practitioners with comprehensive information on the application of scientific principles in human kinetics. By highlighting the importance of evidence-based practice, this review is intended to promote the adoption of effective interventions to optimize physical health and enhance performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Ramalho
- Sport, Health & Exercise Research Unit (SHERU), Polytechnic Institute of Castelo Branco, 6000-266 Castelo Branco, Portugal
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Bélanger-Gravel A, Janezic I, Desroches S, Paquette MC, Therrien F, Barnett T, Lavoie KL, Gauvin L. Examining public health practitioners' perceptions and use of behavioural sciences to design health promotion interventions. BMC Health Serv Res 2023; 23:493. [PMID: 37194044 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-023-09455-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Behavioural sciences have been shown to support the development of more effective interventions aimed at promoting healthy lifestyles. However, the operationalization of this knowledge seems to be sub-optimal in public health. Effective knowledge transfer strategies are thus needed to optimize the use of knowledge from behavioural sciences in this field. To this end, the present study examined public health practitioners' perceptions and use of theories and frameworks from behavioural sciences to design health promotion interventions. METHODS This study adopted an exploratory qualitative design. Semi-structured interviews were conducted among 27 public health practitioners from across Canada to explore current intervention development processes, the extent to which they integrate theory and framework from behavioural sciences, and their perceptions regarding the use of this knowledge to inform intervention design. Practitioners from the public sector or non-profit/private organizations who were involved in the development of interventions aimed at promoting physical activity, healthy eating, or other healthy lifestyle habits (e.g., not smoking) were eligible to participate. RESULTS Public health practitioners generally agreed that behaviour change is an important goal of public health interventions. On the other hand, behavioural science theories and frameworks did not appear to be fully integrated in the design of public health interventions. The main reasons were (1) a perceived lack of fit with current professional roles and tasks; (2) a greater reliance on experiential-produced knowledge rather than academic knowledge (mainly for tailoring interventions to local setting characteristics); (3) the presence of a fragmented knowledge base; (4) the belief that theories and frameworks require too much time and resources to be operationalized; and 4) the belief that using behavioural sciences might undermine partnership building. CONCLUSIONS This study provided valuable insights that may inform knowledge transfer strategies that could be optimally designed to support the integration of behavioural sciences theories and frameworks into public health practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariane Bélanger-Gravel
- Departement of Information and Communication, Université Laval, 1055, Ave du Séminaire, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada.
- NUTRISS-INAF research Center, Université Laval, Quebec City, Québec, Canada.
- Research Center of the Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Quebec City, Québec, Canada.
| | - Isidora Janezic
- Departement of Information and Communication, Université Laval, 1055, Ave du Séminaire, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Sophie Desroches
- NUTRISS-INAF research Center, Université Laval, Quebec City, Québec, Canada
- School of Nutrition, Université Laval, Quebec City, Québec, Canada
| | | | | | - Tracie Barnett
- Departement of Family Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Research Center of Sainte-Justine, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Kim L Lavoie
- Departement of Psychology, University of Quebec at Montreal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Montreal Behavioural Medicine Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Lise Gauvin
- School of Public Health, University of Montreal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Research Center of the Centre hospitalier universitaire de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Rossmann C, Krnel SR, Kylänen M, Lewtak K, Tortone C, Ragazzoni P, Grasso M, Maassen A, Costa L, van Dale D. Health promotion and disease prevention registries in the EU: a cross country comparison. Arch Public Health 2023; 81:85. [PMID: 37161420 PMCID: PMC10170815 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-023-01097-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health promotion and disease prevention programme registries (HPPRs), also called 'best practice portals', serve as entry points and practical repositories that provide decision-makers with easy access to (evidence-based) practices. However, there is limited knowledge of differences or overlaps of howe current national HPPRs in Europe function, the context and circumstances in which these HPPRs were developed, and the mechanisms utilised by each HPPR for the assessment, classification and quality improvement of the included practices. This study prepared an overview of different approaches in several national HPPRs and the EU Best Practice Portal (EU BPP) as well as identified commonalities and differences among the core characteristics of the HPPRs. METHODS We conducted a descriptive comparison - that focused on six European countries with existing or recently developed/implemented national HPPR and the EU BPP -to create a comparative overview. We used coding mechanisms to identify commonalities and differences; we performed data management, collection and building consensus during EuroHealthNet Thematic Working Group meetings. RESULTS All HPPRs offer a broad range of health promotion and disease-prevention practices and serve to support practitioners, policymakers and researchers in selecting practices. Almost all HPPRs have an assessment process in place or planned, requiring the application of assessment criteria that differ among the HPPRs. While all HPPRs collect and share recommendable practices, others have implemented further measures to improve the quality of the submitted practices. Different dissemination tools and strategies are employed to promote the use of the HPPRs, including social media, newsletters and publications as well as capacity building workshops for practice owners or technical options to connect citizens/patients with local practices. CONCLUSIONS Collaboration between HPPRs (at national and EU level) is appreciated, especially regarding the use consistent terminology to avoid misinterpretation, facilitate cross-country comparison and enable discussions on the adaption of assessment criteria by national HPPRs. Greater efforts are needed to promote the actual implementation and transfer of practices at the national level to address public health challenges with proven and effective practices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marika Kylänen
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), PO Box 30, Helsinki, 00271, Finland
| | - Katarzyna Lewtak
- National Institute of Public Health NIH-NRI (NIPH NIH-NRI), Warsaw, 00-791, Poland
- Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, 02-007, Poland
| | - Claudio Tortone
- DoRS - Health Promotion Regional Documentation Centre, Regione Piemonte ASL TO3, Grugliasco (Turin), I- 10095, Italy
| | - Paola Ragazzoni
- DoRS - Health Promotion Regional Documentation Centre, Regione Piemonte ASL TO3, Grugliasco (Turin), I- 10095, Italy
| | - Mara Grasso
- DoRS - Health Promotion Regional Documentation Centre, Regione Piemonte ASL TO3, Grugliasco (Turin), I- 10095, Italy
| | | | - Luciana Costa
- National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Lisboa, Lisbon, 1649-016, Portugal
- BioISI-Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Djoeke van Dale
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, PO Box 1, Bilthoven, 3720, The Netherlands.
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Park A, Steel D, Maine E. Evidence-based Medicine and Mechanistic Evidence: The Case of the Failed Rollout of Efavirenz in Zimbabwe. THE JOURNAL OF MEDICINE AND PHILOSOPHY 2023:7151042. [PMID: 37137159 DOI: 10.1093/jmp/jhad019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence-based medicine (EBM) has long deemphasized mechanistic reasoning and pathophysiological rationale in assessing the effectiveness of interventions. The EBM+ movement has challenged this stance, arguing that evidence of mechanisms and comparative studies should both be seen as necessary and complementary. Advocates of EBM+ provide a combination of theoretical arguments and examples of mechanistic reasoning in medical research. However, EBM+ proponents have not provided recent examples of how downplaying mechanistic reasoning resulted in worse medical results than would have occurred otherwise. Such examples are necessary to make the case that EBM+ responds to a problem in clinical practice that urgently demands a solution. In light of this, we examine the failed rollout of efavirenz as a first-line HIV treatment in Zimbabwe as evidence of the importance of mechanistic reasoning in improving clinical practice and public health policy decisions. We suggest that this case is analogous to examples commonly given to support EBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Park
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Daniel Steel
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Elicia Maine
- Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
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Adegbore AK, Adedokun AA, Adegoke JI, Lawal MA, Oke M. Assessment of undergraduate health students' perception and satisfaction on training and participation in community health outreach. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR GESUNDHEITSWISSENSCHAFTEN = JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 2023:1-8. [PMID: 37361286 PMCID: PMC10078037 DOI: 10.1007/s10389-023-01903-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Aim The need to improve training of health professionals has increased in recent years due to increasing frequencies of public health events. Consequently, a descriptive cross-sectional survey was carried out to determine the level of satisfaction and knowledge acquired by undergraduate students in the health sciences during a community health outreach program. Subject and methods Students were invited to complete an online-administered questionnaire (consisting of both open- and closed-ended questions) to assess their perceptions and experiences on the community health outreach program. Additionally, the survey was carried out to assess the quality of training provided and obtain suggestions for further improvements. Responses were collected and analysed using Microsoft Excel. Results Most respondents (>83%) reported satisfaction with the community diagnosis and community intervention briefing and training sessions. All respondents reported familiarity with standard community health outreach instruments and were capable of identifying environmental health risk factors that may contribute to the spread of communicable diseases. Interestingly, respondents reported greater appreciation of health challenges faced by rural communities. However, respondents expressed dissatisfaction with the duration of the outreach program (24%) and funding (15%). Conclusion Although respondents reported overall satisfaction with the organization and execution of the health outreach program, certain aspects of the program were deemed unsatisfactory. Despite the shortcomings, we believe that our student-centred learning strategy is readily adaptable for training future healthcare professionals and improving health literacy of rural communities, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abidemi Kafayat Adegbore
- Department of Publıc Health, College of Basic Medical and Health Sciences, Fountain University, Osogbo, Nigeria
| | - Amudatu Ambali Adedokun
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Basic Medical and Health Sciences, Fountain University, Osogbo, Nigeria
| | - Juliet Ifeoluwa Adegoke
- Department of Nursing Sciences, College of Basic Medical and Health Sciences, Fountain University, Osogbo, Nigeria
| | - Maruf Ayobami Lawal
- Department of Publıc Health, College of Basic Medical and Health Sciences, Fountain University, Osogbo, Nigeria
| | - Muse Oke
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, Fountain University, Osogbo, Nigeria
- College of Basic Medical and Health Sciences, Fountain University, Osogbo, Nigeria
- Present Address: Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Faculty of Science, Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir, Türkiye
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Mixter PF, Kleinschmit AJ, Lal A, Vanniasinkam T, Condry DLJ, Taylor RT, Justement LB, Pandey S. Immune Literacy: a Call to Action for a System-Level Change. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY & BIOLOGY EDUCATION 2023; 24:00203-22. [PMID: 37089234 PMCID: PMC10117064 DOI: 10.1128/jmbe.00203-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Immune literacy-the ability to hear, learn, read, write, explain, and discuss immunological content with varied audiences-has become critically important in recent years. Yet, with its complex terminology and discipline-specific concepts, educating individuals about the immune system and its role in health and disease may seem daunting. Here, we reflect on how to demystify the discipline and increase its accessibility for a broader audience. To address this, a working group of immunology educators from diverse institutions associated with the research coordination network, ImmunoReach, convened virtually. As a result of these discussions, we request a call to action for a system-level change and present a set of practical recommendations that novice and experienced educators from diverse institutions, professional societies, and policymakers may adopt to foster immune literacy in their classrooms and communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip F. Mixter
- School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Adam J. Kleinschmit
- Department of Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Dubuque, Dubuque, Iowa, USA
| | - Archana Lal
- Department of Biology, Labette Community College, Parsons, Kansas, USA
| | - Thiru Vanniasinkam
- School of Dentistry and Medical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Danielle L. J. Condry
- Department of Microbiological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, USA
| | - Rebekah T. Taylor
- Department of Biology, Frostburg State University, Frostburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Louis B. Justement
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Alabama–Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Sumali Pandey
- Department of Biosciences, Minnesota State University–Moorhead, Moorhead, Minnesota, USA
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Kasman M, Hammond RA, Purcell R, Saliba LF, Mazzucca-Ragan S, Padek M, Allen P, Luke DA, Moreland-Russell S, Erwin PC, Brownson RC. Understanding Misimplementation in U.S. State Health Departments: An Agent-Based Model. Am J Prev Med 2023; 64:525-534. [PMID: 36509634 PMCID: PMC10033358 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2022.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The research goal of this study is to explore why misimplementation occurs in public health agencies and how it can be reduced. Misimplementation is ending effective activities prematurely or continuing ineffective ones, which contributes to wasted resources and suboptimal health outcomes. METHODS The study team created an agent-based model that represents how information flow, filtered through organizational structure, capacity, culture, and leadership priorities, shapes continuation decisions. This agent-based model used survey data and interviews with state health department personnel across the U.S. between 2014 and 2020; model design and analyses were conducted with substantial input from stakeholders between 2019 and 2021. The model was used experimentally to identify potential approaches for reducing misimplementation. RESULTS Simulations showed that increasing either organizational evidence-based decision-making capacity or information sharing could reduce misimplementation. Shifting leadership priorities to emphasize effectiveness resulted in the largest reduction, whereas organizational restructuring did not reduce misimplementation. CONCLUSIONS The model identifies for the first time a specific set of factors and dynamic pathways most likely driving misimplementation and suggests a number of actionable strategies for reducing it. Priorities for training the public health workforce include evidence-based decision making and effective communication. Organizations will also benefit from an intentional shift in leadership decision-making processes. On the basis of this initial, successful application of agent-based model to misimplementation, this work provides a framework for further analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matt Kasman
- Center on Social Dynamics and Policy, The Brookings Institution, Washington, District of Columbia.
| | - Ross A Hammond
- Center on Social Dynamics and Policy, The Brookings Institution, Washington, District of Columbia; Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri; Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, New Mexico
| | - Rob Purcell
- Center on Social Dynamics and Policy, The Brookings Institution, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Louise Farah Saliba
- Prevention Research Center, Brown School at Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Stephanie Mazzucca-Ragan
- Prevention Research Center, Brown School at Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Margaret Padek
- Prevention Research Center, Brown School at Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Peg Allen
- Prevention Research Center, Brown School at Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Douglas A Luke
- Center for Public Health Systems Science, Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Sarah Moreland-Russell
- Prevention Research Center, Brown School at Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Paul C Erwin
- School of Public Health, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Ross C Brownson
- Prevention Research Center, Brown School at Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri; Public Health Sciences Division, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri; Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
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