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Vijayashankar U, Ramashetty R, Rajeshekara M, Vishwanath N, Yadav AK, Prashant A, Lokeshwaraiah R. Leptin and ghrelin dynamics: unraveling their influence on food intake, energy balance, and the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2024; 23:427-440. [PMID: 38932792 PMCID: PMC11196531 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-024-01418-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Purpose Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance and impaired glucose homeostasis. In recent years, there has been growing interest in the role of hunger and satiety hormones such as ghrelin and leptin in the development and progression of T2DM. In this context, the present literature review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of how ghrelin and leptin influences food intake and maintain energy balance and its implications in the pathophysiology of T2DM. Methods A thorough literature search was performed using PubMed and Google Scholar to choose the studies that associated leptin and ghrelin with T2DM. Original articles and reviews were included, letters to editors and case reports were excluded. Results This narrative review article provides a comprehensive summary on mechanism of action of leptin and ghrelin, its association with obesity and T2DM, how they regulate energy and glucose homeostasis and potential therapeutic implications of leptin and ghrelin in managing T2DM. Conclusion Ghrelin, known for its appetite-stimulating effects, and leptin, a hormone involved in the regulation of energy balance, have been implicated in insulin resistance and glucose metabolism. Understanding the complexities of ghrelin and leptin interactions in the context of T2DM may offer insights into novel therapeutic strategies for this prevalent metabolic disorder. Further research is warranted to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying these hormone actions and to explore their clinical implications for T2DM prevention and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uma Vijayashankar
- Department of Physiology, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, 570015 India
| | - Rajalakshmi Ramashetty
- Department of Physiology, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, 570015 India
| | - Mahesh Rajeshekara
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute, Bangalore, 560002 India
| | - Nagashree Vishwanath
- Department of Physiology, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, 570015 India
| | - Anshu Kumar Yadav
- Department of Biochemistry, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru-15, Mysuru, 570015 India
| | - Akila Prashant
- Department of Biochemistry, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru-15, Mysuru, 570015 India
| | - Rajeshwari Lokeshwaraiah
- Department of Physiology, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, 570015 India
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Li T, Liang M, Luo J, Peng X. Metabolites of Clostridium leptum fermenting flaxseed polysaccharide alleviate obesity in rats. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 264:129907. [PMID: 38325691 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Obesity is a chronic metabolic disease. Our previous research found flaxseed polysaccharide (FP) has an anti-obesity effect, and its anti-obesity effect possibly depends on Clostridium leptum (C. leptum). However, whether the strain takes the role and how it works is still being determined. Here, FP was fermented in vitro by C. leptum and its metabolites were analyzed. Subsequently, the FP fermentation broth of C. leptum (FPF) was given to the obese pseudo sterile rats. The results showed FPF was rich in various metabolites, among which the top ten in relative expression abundance were 3 beta-hydroxy-5-cholestenoate, 7,8-dihydro-3b,6a-dihydroxy-alpha-ionol 9-glucoside, Valyl-Serine, 2-amino-4-[(2-hydroxy-1-oxopropyl)amino]butanoic acid, Agavoside B, glycylproline, lycopersiconolide, armillaritin, Isoleucyl-Hydroxyproline and norethindrone acetate. After intervention with FPF, the weight, abdominal fat ratio, and total fat ratio of rats were significantly reduced and the lipid metabolism of them has been improved. This effect may be achieved by up regulating glucagon-like peptide-1 and adiponectin and further activating the AMP-activated protein kinase signaling pathway. This is the first experimental proof that FP exerts its anti-obesity effects through metabolites from C. leptum fermenting FP, not FP itself and the bacterial cells (debris) of C. leptum. It is also the first demonstration that FPF has a significant anti-obesity effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianxing Li
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Minjian Liang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Jianming Luo
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China.
| | - Xichun Peng
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China.
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3
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Ritter ML, Wagner VA, Balapattabi K, Opichka MA, Lu KT, Wackman KK, Reho JJ, Keen HL, Kwitek AE, Morselli LL, Geurts AM, Sigmund CD, Grobe JL. Krüppel-like factor 4 in transcriptional control of the three unique isoforms of Agouti-related peptide in mice. Physiol Genomics 2024; 56:265-275. [PMID: 38145289 PMCID: PMC10866620 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00042.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Agouti-related peptide (AgRP/Agrp) within the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC) contributes to the control of energy balance, and dysregulated Agrp may contribute to metabolic adaptation during prolonged obesity. In mice, three isoforms of Agrp are encoded via distinct first exons. Agrp-A (ENSMUST00000005849.11) contributed 95% of total Agrp in mouse ARC, whereas Agrp-B (ENSMUST00000194654.2) dominated in placenta (73%). Conditional deletion of Klf4 from Agrp-expressing cells (Klf4Agrp-KO mice) reduced Agrp mRNA and increased energy expenditure but had no effects on food intake or the relative abundance of Agrp isoforms in the ARC. Chronic high-fat diet feeding masked these effects of Klf4 deletion, highlighting the context-dependent contribution of KLF4 to Agrp control. In the GT1-7 mouse hypothalamic cell culture model, which expresses all three isoforms of Agrp (including Agrp-C, ENSMUST00000194091.6), inhibition of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) simultaneously increased KLF4 binding to the Agrp promoter and stimulated Agrp expression. In addition, siRNA-mediated knockdown of Klf4 reduced expression of Agrp. We conclude that the expression of individual isoforms of Agrp in the mouse is dependent upon cell type and that KLF4 directly promotes the transcription of Agrp via a mechanism that is superseded during obesity.NEW & NOTEWORTHY In mice, three distinct isoforms of Agouti-related peptide are encoded via distinct first exons. In the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus, Krüppel-like factor 4 stimulates transcription of the dominant isoform in lean mice, but this mechanism is altered during diet-induced obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- McKenzie L Ritter
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Valerie A Wagner
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
- Genetics Graduate Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
| | - Kirthikaa Balapattabi
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Megan A Opichka
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Ko-Ting Lu
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Kelsey K Wackman
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - John J Reho
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
- Comprehensive Rodent Metabolic Phenotyping Core, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Henry L Keen
- Bioinformatics Division, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
| | - Anne E Kwitek
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
- Linda T. and John A. Mellowes Center for Genomic Sciences and Precision Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Lisa L Morselli
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
- Division of Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Aron M Geurts
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
- Linda T. and John A. Mellowes Center for Genomic Sciences and Precision Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Curt D Sigmund
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
- Neuroscience Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Justin L Grobe
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
- Comprehensive Rodent Metabolic Phenotyping Core, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
- Neuroscience Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
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Bettinetti-Luque M, Trujillo-Estrada L, Garcia-Fuentes E, Andreo-Lopez J, Sanchez-Varo R, Garrido-Sánchez L, Gómez-Mediavilla Á, López MG, Garcia-Caballero M, Gutierrez A, Baglietto-Vargas D. Adipose tissue as a therapeutic target for vascular damage in Alzheimer's disease. Br J Pharmacol 2024; 181:840-878. [PMID: 37706346 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue has recently been recognized as an important endocrine organ that plays a crucial role in energy metabolism and in the immune response in many metabolic tissues. With this regard, emerging evidence indicates that an important crosstalk exists between the adipose tissue and the brain. However, the contribution of adipose tissue to the development of age-related diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, remains poorly defined. New studies suggest that the adipose tissue modulates brain function through a range of endogenous biologically active factors known as adipokines, which can cross the blood-brain barrier to reach the target areas in the brain or to regulate the function of the blood-brain barrier. In this review, we discuss the effects of several adipokines on the physiology of the blood-brain barrier, their contribution to the development of Alzheimer's disease and their therapeutic potential. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue From Alzheimer's Disease to Vascular Dementia: Different Roads Leading to Cognitive Decline. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v181.6/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Bettinetti-Luque
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-Plataforma BIONAND, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Laura Trujillo-Estrada
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-Plataforma BIONAND, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Garcia-Fuentes
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-Plataforma BIONAND, Málaga, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juana Andreo-Lopez
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-Plataforma BIONAND, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Raquel Sanchez-Varo
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-Plataforma BIONAND, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Fisiología Humana, Histología Humana, Anatomía Patológica y Educación Física y Deportiva, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Lourdes Garrido-Sánchez
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-Plataforma BIONAND, Málaga, Spain
| | - Ángela Gómez-Mediavilla
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina. Instituto Teófilo Hernando para la I+D de Fármacos, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuela G López
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina. Instituto Teófilo Hernando para la I+D de Fármacos, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IIS-IP), Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Melissa Garcia-Caballero
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-Plataforma BIONAND, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Antonia Gutierrez
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-Plataforma BIONAND, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Baglietto-Vargas
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-Plataforma BIONAND, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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5
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Yanik T, Durhan ST. Neuroendocrinological and Clinical Aspects of Leptin. Mini Rev Med Chem 2024; 24:886-894. [PMID: 37622709 DOI: 10.2174/1389557523666230825100154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is characterized by an abnormal increase in adipose tissue mass and is regarded as a neurobehavioral as well as a metabolic disorder. Increases in body fat are caused by even slight, long-term discrepancies between energy intake and energy expenditure. It is a chronic condition linked to the metabolic syndrome, a spectrum of risky conditions, such as diabetes, high blood pressure, and heart disease. With a swiftly rising prevalence, obesity has emerged as a significant global health concern. Leptin influences the brain's neuroendocrine and metabolic processes, which is important for maintaining energy homeostasis. White adipose tissue secretes the majority of leptin, and there is a positive correlation between leptin levels in the blood and body fat percentages. The central nervous system is also modulated by leptin levels to modify energy intake and usage. The idea of an obesity cure sparked excitement after it was discovered more than 25 years ago. However, the leptin medication only effectively reduces weight in patients with congenital leptin insufficiency and not in patients with typical obesity who may also have leptin resistance. Recent research has focused on the role of leptin in managing weight reduction and preventing "yo-yo dieting". This review concentrates on the neurological effects of leptin with a focus on therapeutic and diagnostic applications, particularly for childhood obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tulin Yanik
- Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - Seyda Tugce Durhan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
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6
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Ingersoll MA, Lutze RD, Pushpan CK, Kelmann RG, Liu H, May MT, Hunter WJ, He DZ, Teitz T. Dabrafenib protects from cisplatin-induced hearing loss in a clinically relevant mouse model. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e171140. [PMID: 37934596 PMCID: PMC10807719 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.171140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The widely used chemotherapy cisplatin causes permanent hearing loss in 40%-60% of patients with cancer. One drug, sodium thiosulfate, is approved by the FDA for use in pediatric patients with localized solid tumors for preventing cisplatin-induced hearing loss, but more drugs are desperately needed. Here, we tested dabrafenib, an FDA-approved BRAF kinase inhibitor and anticancer drug, in a clinically relevant multidose cisplatin mouse model. The protective effects of dabrafenib, given orally twice daily with cisplatin, were determined by functional hearing tests and cochlear outer hair cell counts. Toxicity of the drug cotreatment was evaluated, and levels of phosphorylated ERK were measured. A dabrafenib dose of 3 mg/kg BW, twice daily, in mice, was determined to be the minimum effective dose, and it is equivalent to one-tenth of the daily FDA-approved dose for human cancer treatment. The levels of hearing protection acquired, 20-25 dB at the 3 frequencies tested, in both female and male mice, persisted for 4 months after completion of treatments. Moreover, dabrafenib exhibited a good in vivo therapeutic index (> 25), protected hearing in 2 mouse strains, and diminished cisplatin-induced weight loss. This study demonstrates that dabrafenib is a promising candidate drug for protection from cisplatin-induced hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - William J. Hunter
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | | | - Tal Teitz
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience
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Zhang M, Yang T, Li R, Ren K, Li J, He M, Chen J, Yi SQ. Gut microbiota of Suncus murinus, a naturally obesity-resistant animal, improves the ecological diversity of the gut microbiota in high-fat-diet-induced obese mice. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0293213. [PMID: 37992054 PMCID: PMC10664932 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The global population of obese individuals is increasing, affecting human health. High-fat diets are a leading cause of this epidemic, and animal models, such as mice, are often used in related research. Obese individuals have a different gut microbiota composition from non-obese ones, characterized by a sizeable population of certain bacteria associated with fat storage. The gut microbiome plays a significant role in regulating human physiological and metabolic functions. Links between obesity, high-fat diets and gut microbiota have become hot topics of discussion. Recently, research on the modulation of the gut microbiota has focused on fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), which has been recognized as an effective method of studying the function of gut microbiota. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to investigate how the gut microbiota of Suncus murinus, a naturally obesity-resistant animal, through FMT, affected the ecology of the gut microbiota of high-fat diet induced obese mice. METHODS In this study, Suncus murinus was used as a donor for FMT. High-fat diet induced C57BL/6NCrSIc mice were used as recipients, the body weight changes were measured and changes in their gut flora were analyzed using a 16S rRNA gene analysis. RESULTS The study found that, after the FMT procedure, the FMT group tended to have a lower body weight than the control group. At the phylum level, the most predominant phyla in all groups were Firmicutes and Proteobacteria, while Deferribacteres was not detected in the FMT or antibiotic administration groups, and Bacteroidetes was not present in the antibiotic administration group. At the genus level, the FMT group had significantly lower OTU richness than the control group but greater diversity than the control group. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that FMT from Suncus murinus can help reorganize and improve the gut microbiota of mice in a balanced and diverse ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingshou Zhang
- Department of Frontier Health Sciences, Graduate School of Human Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ting Yang
- Department of Frontier Health Sciences, Graduate School of Human Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rujia Li
- Department of Frontier Health Sciences, Graduate School of Human Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ke Ren
- Faculty of Physical Education, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, Yun Nan, China
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Maozhang He
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Juefei Chen
- Department of Frontier Health Sciences, Graduate School of Human Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuang-Qin Yi
- Department of Frontier Health Sciences, Graduate School of Human Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
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8
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Tan R, Hu X, Wang X, Sun M, Cai Z, Zhang Z, Fu Y, Chen X, An J, Lu H. Leptin Promotes the Proliferation and Neuronal Differentiation of Neural Stem Cells through the Cooperative Action of MAPK/ERK1/2, JAK2/STAT3 and PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15151. [PMID: 37894835 PMCID: PMC10606644 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The potential of neural stem cells (NSCs) for neurological disorders the treatment has relied in large part upon identifying the NSCs fate decision. The hormone leptin has been reported to be a crucial regulator of brain development, able to influence the glial and neural development, yet, the underlying mechanism of leptin acting on NSCs' biological characteristics is still poorly understood. This study aims to investigate the role of leptin in the biological properties of NSCs. In this study, we investigate the possibility that leptin may regulate the NSCs' fate decision, which may promote the proliferation and neuronal differentiation of NSCs and thus act positively in neurological disorders. NSCs from the embryonic cerebral cortex were used in this study. We used CCK-8 assay, ki67 immunostaining, and FACS analysis to confirm that 25-100 ng/mL leptin promotes the proliferation of NSCs in a concentration-dependent pattern. This change was accompanied by the upregulation of p-AKT and p-ERK1/2, which are the classical downstream signaling pathways of leptin receptors b (LepRb). Inhibition of PI3K/AKT or MAPK/ERK signaling pathways both abolished the effect of leptin-induced proliferation. Moreover, leptin also enhanced the directed neuronal differentiation of NSCs. A blockade of the PI3K/AKT pathway reversed leptin-stimulated neurogenesis, while a blockade of JAK2/STAT3 had no effect on it. Taken together, our results support a role for leptin in regulating the fate of NSCs differentiation and promoting NSCs proliferation, which could be a promising approach for brain repair via regulating the biological characteristics of NSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruolan Tan
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an 710061, China; (R.T.); (X.H.); (X.W.); (M.S.); (Z.C.); (Z.Z.); (Y.F.); (X.C.)
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histo-Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Hu
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an 710061, China; (R.T.); (X.H.); (X.W.); (M.S.); (Z.C.); (Z.Z.); (Y.F.); (X.C.)
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histo-Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Xinyi Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an 710061, China; (R.T.); (X.H.); (X.W.); (M.S.); (Z.C.); (Z.Z.); (Y.F.); (X.C.)
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histo-Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Meiqi Sun
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an 710061, China; (R.T.); (X.H.); (X.W.); (M.S.); (Z.C.); (Z.Z.); (Y.F.); (X.C.)
| | - Zhenlu Cai
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an 710061, China; (R.T.); (X.H.); (X.W.); (M.S.); (Z.C.); (Z.Z.); (Y.F.); (X.C.)
| | - Zixuan Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an 710061, China; (R.T.); (X.H.); (X.W.); (M.S.); (Z.C.); (Z.Z.); (Y.F.); (X.C.)
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histo-Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Yali Fu
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an 710061, China; (R.T.); (X.H.); (X.W.); (M.S.); (Z.C.); (Z.Z.); (Y.F.); (X.C.)
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histo-Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Xinlin Chen
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an 710061, China; (R.T.); (X.H.); (X.W.); (M.S.); (Z.C.); (Z.Z.); (Y.F.); (X.C.)
| | - Jing An
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an 710061, China; (R.T.); (X.H.); (X.W.); (M.S.); (Z.C.); (Z.Z.); (Y.F.); (X.C.)
| | - Haixia Lu
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an 710061, China; (R.T.); (X.H.); (X.W.); (M.S.); (Z.C.); (Z.Z.); (Y.F.); (X.C.)
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Zhang Y, Jia R, Zhang Y, Sun X, Mei Y, Zou R, Niu L, Dong S. Effect of non-surgical periodontal treatment on cytokines/adipocytokines levels among periodontitis patients with or without obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:717. [PMID: 37798684 PMCID: PMC10552206 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03383-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the effects of non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) on inflammatory-related cytokines/adipocytokines in periodontitis patients with or without obesity. METHODS We followed the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses statement and registered the study (CRD42022375331) in the Prospective International Register of Systematic Reviews. We screened randomized-controlled trials and controlled clinical trials from six databases up to December 2022. Quality assessment was performed with RoB-2 and ROBINS-I tools for randomized trials and non-randomized trials, respectively. Meta-analysis was carried out using a random-effect model. RESULTS We included seventeen references in the systematic analysis, and sixteen in the meta-analysis. Baseline results of pro-inflammatory biomarkers, including serum interleukin (IL)-6, serum and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a, serum C-reactive protein (CRP)/hs-CRP, and serum and GCF resistin, were higher in obesity subjects than in normal weight subjects. The effect of NSPT with respect to levels of cytokines/adipocytokines, including IL-6, TNF-a, CRP/hs-CRP, resistin, adiponectin, leptin and retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4), were then analyzed in the systematic and meta-analysis. After three months of NSPT, serum (MD = -0.54, CI = -0.62 - -0.46), and GCF (MD = -2.70, CI = -4.77 - -0.63) levels of IL-6, along with the serum RBP4 (MD = -0.39, CI = -0.68-0.10) decreased in periodontitis individuals with obesity. NSPT also improved GCF adiponectin levels after three months (MD = 2.37, CI = 0.29 - 4.45) in periodontitis individuals without obesity. CONCLUSIONS Obese status altered the baseline levels of cytokines/adipocytokines (serum IL-6, serum and GCF TNF-a, serum CRP/hs-CRP, and serum and GCF resistin). Then NSPT can shift the levels of specific pro-inflammatory mediators and anti-inflammatory mediators in biological fluids, both in obesity and non-obesity individuals. NSPT can reduce serum and GCF IL-6 levels together with serum RBP4 level in individuals with obesity after 3 months, besides, there is no sufficient evidence to prove that obese patients have a statistically significant decrease in the levels of other cytokines compared to patients with normal weight. NSPT can also increase GCF adiponectin level in normal weight individuals after 3 months. Our findings imply the potential ideal follow-up intervals and sensitive biomarkers for clinical bioanalysis in personalized decision-making of effect of NSPT due to patients' BMI value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi Province, China
- Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi Province, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Ru Jia
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi Province, China
- Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi Province, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yifei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi Province, China
- Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi Province, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xuefei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi Province, China
- Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yukun Mei
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi Province, China
- Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi Province, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Rui Zou
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi Province, China.
- Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Lin Niu
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi Province, China.
- Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi Province, China.
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Shaojie Dong
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi Province, China.
- Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi Province, China.
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi Province, China.
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Kian N, Bagheri A, Salmanpour F, Soltani A, Mohajer Z, Samieefar N, Barekatain B, Kelishadi R. Breast feeding, obesity, and asthma association: clinical and molecular views. Clin Mol Allergy 2023; 21:8. [PMID: 37789370 PMCID: PMC10546753 DOI: 10.1186/s12948-023-00189-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic condition that affects children worldwide. Accumulating number of studies reported that the prevalence of pediatric obesity and asthma might be altered through breastfeeding. It has been proposed that Leptin, which exists in human milk, is oppositely associated with weight increase in newborns. It may also influence peripheral immune system by promoting TH1 responses and suppressing TH2 cytokines. Leptin influences body weight and immune responses through complex signaling pathways at molecular level. Although previous studies provide explanations for the protective role of breastfeeding against both obesity and asthma, other factors such as duration of breastfeeding, parental, and prenatal factors may confound this relationship which requires further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naghmeh Kian
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- USERN Office, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Network of Interdisciplinarity in Neonates and Infants (NINI), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Bagheri
- USERN Office, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Network of Interdisciplinarity in Neonates and Infants (NINI), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Fardis Salmanpour
- USERN Office, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Network of Interdisciplinarity in Neonates and Infants (NINI), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Afsaneh Soltani
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- USERN Office, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Network of Interdisciplinarity in Neonates and Infants (NINI), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Mohajer
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- USERN Office, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Network of Interdisciplinarity in Neonates and Infants (NINI), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Noosha Samieefar
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- USERN Office, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Network of Interdisciplinarity in Neonates and Infants (NINI), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Behzad Barekatain
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Roya Kelishadi
- Network of Interdisciplinarity in Neonates and Infants (NINI), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
- Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
- USERN Office, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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11
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Zhang J, Katada K, Mosleh E, Yuhas A, Peng G, Golson ML. The leptin receptor has no role in delta-cell control of beta-cell function in the mouse. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1257671. [PMID: 37850099 PMCID: PMC10577419 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1257671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Leptin inhibits insulin secretion from isolated islets from multiple species, but the cell type that mediates this process remains elusive. Several mouse models have been used to explore this question. Ablation of the leptin receptor (Lepr) throughout the pancreatic epithelium results in altered glucose homeostasis and ex vivo insulin secretion and Ca2+ dynamics. However, Lepr removal from neither alpha nor beta cells mimics this result. Moreover, scRNAseq data has revealed an enrichment of LEPR in human islet delta cells. Methods We confirmed LEPR upregulation in human delta cells by performing RNAseq on fixed, sorted beta and delta cells. We then used a mouse model to test whether delta cells mediate the diminished glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in response to leptin. Results Ablation of Lepr within mouse delta cells did not change glucose homeostasis or insulin secretion, whether mice were fed a chow or high-fat diet. We further show, using a publicly available scRNAseq dataset, that islet cells expressing Lepr lie within endothelial cell clusters. Conclusions In mice, leptin does not influence beta-cell function through delta cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Zhang
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadephia, PA, United States
| | - Kay Katada
- School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadephia, PA, United States
| | - Elham Mosleh
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadephia, PA, United States
- School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadephia, PA, United States
| | - Andrew Yuhas
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadephia, PA, United States
- School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadephia, PA, United States
| | - Guihong Peng
- Department of Medicine, Divison of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Maria L. Golson
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadephia, PA, United States
- School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadephia, PA, United States
- Department of Medicine, Divison of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
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12
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Sweis NWG, Zayed AA, Jaberi MA, AlQirem L, Hyasat TB, Khraisat FA, Maaita W, Naser AM, Nimer A, Qatamin M, Sweis JJG, Sweis N, Al-Ani AT, Alghrabli AM, Haghighi A. Geographic variation in the association between Hashimoto's thyroiditis and Papillary thyroid carcinoma, a meta-analysis. Endocrine 2023; 81:432-449. [PMID: 37129757 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-023-03378-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The association between papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) and Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) remains a matter of debate. Several genetic and environmental factors have been found to influence this association. Because of the variation in these factors among different populations, we conducted a country- and region-based meta-analysis to examine whether the geographic area influences this association. METHODS We searched PubMed and Web of Science databases for original articles that investigated the association between HT and PTC from February 1955 to February 28, 2023. The included studies were stratified according to their country and region of origin. Various subgroup analyses were conducted. The primary outcome was the pooled relative risk (RR) and its 95% confidence interval (CI) for each region and country. RESULTS Forty-six studies including a total of 93,970 participants met our inclusion criteria. They originated from 16 countries distributed in five regions. Significant variation was found among countries but not among regions. Upon analysis of all 46 included studies, countries were classified based on their RR and its 95% CI. Excluding countries with pooled sample sizes <500, Sri Lanka (RR 4.23, 95% CI 2.91-6.14), Poland (RR 3.16, 95% CI 2.79-3.57) and Japan (2.68, 2.14-3.36) showed the strongest association between HT and PTC while Greece (RR 1.06, 95% CI 1.00-1.13), Spain (RR 0.70, 95% CI 0.23-2.11), and Jordan (0.62, 0.32-1.32) showed no significant association. CONCLUSION Our findings revealed a variation in the association between HT and PTC among countries but not among regions. The country-to-country variation could be due to certain genetic and/or environmental factors subject to geographic variation that influence this association. These findings may help guide health policies aiming to mitigate the risk of PTC in the HT population by helping identify high-risk and low-risk countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabil W G Sweis
- The University of Jordan School of Medicine, Amman, 11942, Jordan
| | - Ayman A Zayed
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Jordan School of Medicine, Amman, 11942, Jordan.
| | - Mira Al Jaberi
- The University of Jordan School of Medicine, Amman, 11942, Jordan
| | - Lina AlQirem
- The University of Jordan School of Medicine, Amman, 11942, Jordan
| | | | - Farah A Khraisat
- The University of Jordan School of Medicine, Amman, 11942, Jordan
| | - Ward Maaita
- The University of Jordan School of Medicine, Amman, 11942, Jordan
| | - Ahmad Moayad Naser
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jordan University Hospital, Amman, 11942, Jordan
| | - Abdullah Nimer
- The University of Jordan School of Medicine, Amman, 11942, Jordan
| | - Mamoon Qatamin
- The University of Jordan School of Medicine, Amman, 11942, Jordan
| | - Jaleel J G Sweis
- The University of Jordan School of Medicine, Amman, 11942, Jordan
| | - Nadia Sweis
- The University of Jordan School of Medicine, Amman, 11942, Jordan
| | - Abdallah T Al-Ani
- Office of Scientific Affairs and Research, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, 11941, Jordan
| | - Ahmad M Alghrabli
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jordan University Hospital, Amman, 11942, Jordan
| | - Alireza Haghighi
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
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13
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Chellappan DK, Chellian J, Rahmah NSN, Gan WJ, Banerjee P, Sanyal S, Banerjee P, Ghosh N, Guith T, Das A, Gupta G, Singh SK, Dua K, Kunnath AP, Norhashim NA, Ong KH, Palaniveloo K. Hypoglycaemic Molecules for the Management of Diabetes Mellitus from Marine Sources. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2023; 16:2187-2223. [PMID: 37521747 PMCID: PMC10386840 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s390741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder recognized as a major health problem globally. A defective insulin activity contributes to the prevalence and expansion of DM. Treatment of DM is often hampered by limited options of conventional therapies and adverse effects associated with existing procedures. This has led to a spike in the exploration for potential therapeutic agents from various natural resources for clinical applications. The marine environment is a huge store of unexplored diversity of chemicals produced by a multitude of organisms. To date, marine microorganisms, microalgae, macroalgae, corals, sponges, and fishes have been evaluated for their anti-diabetic properties. The structural diversity of bioactive metabolites discovered has shown promising hypoglycaemic potential through in vitro and in vivo screenings via various mechanisms of action, such as PTP1B, α-glucosidase, α-amylase, β-glucosidase, and aldose reductase inhibition as well as PPAR alpha/gamma dual agonists activities. On the other hand, hypoglycaemic effect is also shown to be exerted through the balance of antioxidants and free radicals. This review highlights marine-derived chemicals with hypoglycaemic effects and their respective mechanisms of action in the management of DM in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Kumar Chellappan
- Department of Life Sciences, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, 57000, Malaysia
| | - Jestin Chellian
- Department of Life Sciences, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, 57000, Malaysia
| | | | - Wee Jin Gan
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, 57000, Malaysia
| | - Priyanka Banerjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Medical Sciences, Adamas University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Saptarshi Sanyal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Medical Sciences, Adamas University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | | | - Nandini Ghosh
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Tanner Guith
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Amitava Das
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 302017, India
- Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248007, India
- Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science, Chennai, India
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Anil Philip Kunnath
- Division of Applied Biomedical Science and Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, 57000, Malaysia
| | - Nur Azeyanti Norhashim
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Core Technology Facility, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9NT, UK
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
| | - Kuan Hung Ong
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
| | - Kishneth Palaniveloo
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
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14
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Lv HY, Shi G, Li C, Ye YF, Chen YH, Chen LH, Tung TH, Zhang M. Association of SULT1A2 rs1059491 with obesity and dyslipidaemia in southern Chinese adults. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7256. [PMID: 37142702 PMCID: PMC10160091 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34296-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the sulfotransferase (SULT) superfamily, members of the SULT1 family mainly catalyse the sulfonation reaction of phenolic compounds, which is involved in the phase II metabolic detoxification process and plays a key role in endocrine homeostasis. A coding variant rs1059491 in the SULT1A2 gene has been reported to be associated with childhood obesity. This study aimed to investigate the association of rs1059491 with the risk of obesity and cardiometabolic abnormalities in adults. This case‒control study included 226 normal weight, 168 overweight and 72 obese adults who underwent a health examination in Taizhou, China. Genotyping of rs1059491 was performed by Sanger sequencing in exon 7 of the SULT1A2 coding region. Chi-squared tests, one-way ANOVA, and logistic regression models were applied. The minor allele frequencies of rs1059491 in the overweight combined with obesity and control groups were 0.0292 and 0.0686, respectively. No differences in weight and body mass index were detected between the TT genotype and GT + GG genotype under the dominant model, but the levels of serum triglycerides were significantly lower in G-allele carriers than in non-G-allele carriers (1.02 (0.74-1.32) vs. 1.35 (0.83-2.13) mmol/L, P = 0.011). The GT + GG genotype of rs1059491 versus the TT genotype reduced the risk of overweight and obesity by 54% (OR 0.46, 95% CI 0.22-0.96, P = 0.037) after adjusting for sex and age. Similar results were observed for hypertriglyceridaemia (OR 0.25, 95% CI 0.08-0.74, P = 0.013) and dyslipidaemia (OR 0.37, 95% CI 0.17-0.83, P = 0.015). However, these associations disappeared after correction for multiple tests. This study revealed that the coding variant rs1059491 is nominally associated with a decreased risk of obesity and dyslipidaemia in southern Chinese adults. The findings will be validated in larger studies including more detailed information on genetic background, lifestyle and weight change with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Yan Lv
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, 317000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guifeng Shi
- Department of Preventive Health Care, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, 317000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Cai Li
- Department of Neurology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, 317000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ya-Fei Ye
- Health Management Centre, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, 317000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ya-Hong Chen
- Health Management Centre, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, 317000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Li-Hua Chen
- Public Scientific Research Platform, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated To Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, 317000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tao-Hsin Tung
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, No. 150, Ximen Street, Linhai, 317000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Meixian Zhang
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, No. 150, Ximen Street, Linhai, 317000, Zhejiang, China.
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15
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Hepatokines and Adipokines in Metabolic Syndrome. ANNALS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES (INDIA) 2023. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1760087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractHepatokines and adipokines are secretory proteins derived from hepatocytes and adipocytes, respectively. These proteins play a main role in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome (MetS), characterized by obesity, dysglycemia, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. Adipose tissue and liver are important endocrine organs because they regulate metabolic homeostasis as well as inflammation because they secrete adipokines and hepatokines, respectively. These adipokines and hepatokines communicate their action through different autocrine, paracrine and endocrine pathways. Liver regulates systemic homeostasis and also glucose and lipid metabolism through hepatokines. Dysregulation of hepatokines can lead to progression toward MetS, type 2 diabetes (T2D), inflammation, hypertension, and other diseases. Obesity is now a worldwide epidemic. Increasing cases of obesity and obesity-associated metabolic syndrome has brought the focus on understanding the biology of adipocytes and the mechanisms occurring in adipose tissue of obese individuals. A lot of facts are now available on adipose tissue as well. Adipose tissue is now given the status of an endocrine organ. Recent evidence indicates that obesity contributes to systemic metabolic dysfunction. Adipose tissue plays a significant role in systemic metabolism by communicating with other central and peripheral organs via the production and secretion of a group of proteins known as adipokines. Adipokine levels regulate metabolic state of our body and are potent enough to have a direct impact upon energy homeostasis and systemic metabolism. Dysregulation of adipokines contribute to obesity, T2D, hypertension and several other pathological changes in various organs. This makes characterization of hepatokines and adipokines extremely important to understand the pathogenesis of MetS. Hepatokines such as fetuin-A and leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin 2, and adipokines such as resistin, leptin, TNF-α, and adiponectin are some of the most studied proteins and they can modulate the manifestations of MetS. Detailed insight into the function and mechanism of these adipokines and hepatokines in the pathogenesis of MetS can show the path for devising better preventative and therapeutic strategies against this present-day pandemic.
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16
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Kim MH, Li Y, Zheng Q, Jiang L, Myers MG, Wu WS, Rui L. LepRb+ cell-specific deletion of Slug mitigates obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in mice. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:156722. [PMID: 36512408 PMCID: PMC9927931 DOI: 10.1172/jci156722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptin exerts its biological actions by activating the long-form leptin receptor (LepRb). LepRb signaling impairment and leptin resistance are believed to cause obesity. The transcription factor Slug - also known as Snai2 - recruits epigenetic modifiers and regulates gene expression by an epigenetic mechanism; however, its epigenetic action has not been explored in leptin resistance. Here, we uncover a proobesity function of neuronal Slug. Hypothalamic Slug was upregulated in obese mice. LepRb+ cell-specific Slug-knockout (SlugΔLepRb) mice were resistant to diet-induced obesity, type 2 diabetes, and liver steatosis and experienced decreased food intake and increased fat thermogenesis. Leptin stimulated hypothalamic Stat3 phosphorylation and weight loss to a markedly higher level in SlugΔLepRb than in Slugfl/fl mice, even before their body weight divergence. Conversely, hypothalamic LepRb+ neuron-specific overexpression of Slug, mediated by AAV-hSyn-DIO-Slug transduction, induced leptin resistance, obesity, and metabolic disorders in mice on a chow diet. At the genomic level, Slug bound to and repressed the LepRb promoter, thereby inhibiting LepRb transcription. Consistently, Slug deficiency decreased methylation of LepRb promoter H3K27, a repressive epigenetic mark, and increased LepRb mRNA levels in the hypothalamus. Collectively, these results unravel what we believe to be a previously unrecognized hypothalamic neuronal Slug/epigenetic reprogramming/leptin resistance axis that promotes energy imbalance, obesity, and metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Hyun Kim
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology
| | | | - Lin Jiang
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology
| | - Martin G Myers
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology.,Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Wen-Shu Wu
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Liangyou Rui
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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17
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Salberg S, Yamakawa GR, Beveridge JK, Noel M, Mychasiuk R. A high-fat high-sugar diet and adversity early in life modulate pain outcomes at the behavioural and molecular level in adolescent rats: The role of sex. Brain Behav Immun 2023; 108:57-79. [PMID: 36403882 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2022.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Given that adolescence is a significant period of brain plasticity and development, early life factors have the potential to alter long term outcomes. For instance, adversities such as consumption of a high-fat high-sugar (HFHS) diet and adverse childhood experiences (ACEs; e.g., neglect), and their resulting inflammation and microglial activation can influence pain outcomes by priming the neuroimmune system to overrespond to stressors. Chronic pain is highly prevalent amongst the adolescent population, with the prevalence and manifestation being sexually dimorphic. Although clinical studies show that females are twice as likely to report pain problems compared to males, the majority of pre-clinical work uses male rodents. Therefore, our aim was to examine the effects of sex, a HFHS diet, and an ACE on chronic pain outcomes following a stressor in adolescence. Rat dams were randomly assigned to a Standard or HFHS diet, with pups maintained on their respective diets then randomly allocated to a No Stress or ACE paradigm, and a Sham or Injury condition as a stressor. Results showed that early life adversities increased nociceptive sensitivity, inflammation, and microglial activation systemically and within the brain. Behaviourally, pain outcomes were more prominent in females, however the neuroimmune response was exacerbated in males. These results demonstrate the sexual dimorphism of chronic pain outcomes following early life adversities and provide insight into the mechanisms driving these changes, which will inform more targeted and effective treatment strategies for youth living with chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Salberg
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Glenn R Yamakawa
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jaimie K Beveridge
- Department of Psychology, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, The University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Melanie Noel
- Department of Psychology, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, The University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Richelle Mychasiuk
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Psychology, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, The University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
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18
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Liu H, He Y, Bai J, Zhang C, Zhang F, Yang Y, Luo H, Yu M, Liu H, Tu L, Zhang N, Yin N, Han J, Yan Z, Scarcelli NA, Conde KM, Wang M, Bean JC, Potts CHS, Wang C, Hu F, Liu F, Xu Y. Hypothalamic Grb10 enhances leptin signalling and promotes weight loss. Nat Metab 2023; 5:147-164. [PMID: 36593271 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-022-00701-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Leptin acts on hypothalamic neurons expressing agouti-related protein (AgRP) or pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) to suppress appetite and increase energy expenditure, but the intracellular mechanisms that modulate central leptin signalling are not fully understood. Here we show that growth factor receptor-bound protein 10 (Grb10), an adaptor protein that binds to the insulin receptor and negatively regulates its signalling pathway, can interact with the leptin receptor and enhance leptin signalling. Ablation of Grb10 in AgRP neurons promotes weight gain, while overexpression of Grb10 in AgRP neurons reduces body weight in male and female mice. In parallel, deletion or overexpression of Grb10 in POMC neurons exacerbates or attenuates diet-induced obesity, respectively. Consistent with its role in leptin signalling, Grb10 in AgRP and POMC neurons enhances the anorexic and weight-reducing actions of leptin. Grb10 also exaggerates the inhibitory effects of leptin on AgRP neurons via ATP-sensitive potassium channel-mediated currents while facilitating the excitatory drive of leptin on POMC neurons through transient receptor potential channels. Our study identifies Grb10 as a potent leptin sensitizer that contributes to the maintenance of energy homeostasis by enhancing the response of AgRP and POMC neurons to leptin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailan Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yang He
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Juli Bai
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Cell Systems & Anatomy and Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Chuanhai Zhang
- Department of Cell Systems & Anatomy and Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Feng Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yongjie Yang
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hairong Luo
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Meng Yu
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hesong Liu
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Longlong Tu
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nan Zhang
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Na Yin
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Junying Han
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zili Yan
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nikolas Anthony Scarcelli
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kristine Marie Conde
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mengjie Wang
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jonathan Carter Bean
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Camille Hollan Sidell Potts
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Chunmei Wang
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Fang Hu
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Feng Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Yong Xu
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, USA.
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19
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Wang M, Han H, Wan F, Zhong R, Do YJ, Oh SI, Lu X, Liu L, Yi B, Zhang H. Dihydroquercetin Supplementation Improved Hepatic Lipid Dysmetabolism Mediated by Gut Microbiota in High-Fat Diet (HFD)-Fed Mice. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14245214. [PMID: 36558373 PMCID: PMC9788101 DOI: 10.3390/nu14245214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dihydroquercetin (DHQ) is a natural flavonoid with multiple bioactivities, including hepatoprotective effects. This study aimed to investigate whether DHQ improved lipid dysmetabolism in the body, especially in the liver, and whether there is a relationship between hepatic metabolism and altered gut flora in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced mice. HFD-induced mice were given 50 mg/kg body weight DHQ intragastrically for 10 weeks. The data showed that DHQ reduced body weight, the weight of the liver and white adipose tissue as well as serum leptin, LPS, triglyceride and cholesterol levels. RNA-seq results indicated that DHQ down-regulated lipogenesis-related genes and up-regulated fatty acid oxidation-related genes, including MOGAT1 and CPT1A. Furthermore, DHQ had a tendency to decrease hepatic cholesterol contents by reducing the mRNA levels of cholesterol synthesis genes such as FDPS and HMGCS1. 16S rRNA sequencing analysis indicated that DHQ significantly decreased the richness of Lactococcus, Lachnoclostridium, and Eubacterium_xylanophilum_group. Correlation analysis further demonstrated that these bacteria, Lactococcus and Eubacterium_xylanophilum_group in particular, had significantly positive correlation with lipid and cholesterol synthesis genes, and negative correlation with fatty acid oxidation genes. In conclusion, DHQ could improve hepatic lipid dysmetabolism potentially by improved gut microbial community, which may be used as an intervention strategy in hepatic metabolism diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hui Han
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Fan Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
| | - Ruqing Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yoon Jung Do
- Division of Animal Disease & Health, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Ik Oh
- Division of Animal Disease & Health, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Xuemeng Lu
- Division of Animal Disease & Health, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Lei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Bao Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-010-62816013
| | - Hongfu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
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20
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Kirichenko TV, Markina YV, Bogatyreva AI, Tolstik TV, Varaeva YR, Starodubova AV. The Role of Adipokines in Inflammatory Mechanisms of Obesity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314982. [PMID: 36499312 PMCID: PMC9740598 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipokines are currently widely studied cellular signaling proteins produced by adipose tissue and involved in various processes, including inflammation; energy and appetite modulation; lipid and glucose metabolism; insulin sensitivity; endothelial cell functioning; angiogenesis; the regulation of blood pressure; and hemostasis. The current review attempted to highlight the key functions of adipokines in the inflammatory mechanisms of obesity, its complications, and its associated diseases. An extensive search for materials on the role of adipokines in the pathogenesis of obesity was conducted online using the PubMed and Scopus databases until October 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana V. Kirichenko
- Petrovsky National Research Center of Surgery, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Chazov National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, 121552 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yuliya V. Markina
- Petrovsky National Research Center of Surgery, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | | | | | - Yurgita R. Varaeva
- Federal Research Centre for Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, 109240 Moscow, Russia
| | - Antonina V. Starodubova
- Federal Research Centre for Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, 109240 Moscow, Russia
- Medical Faculty, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia
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21
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Hales C, Burnet L, Coombs M, Collins AM, Ferreira DM. Obesity, leptin and host defence of Streptococcus pneumoniae: the case for more human research. Eur Respir Rev 2022; 31:31/165/220055. [PMID: 36002169 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0055-2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Pneumococcal pneumonia is the leading cause of community-acquired pneumonia. Obesity is a risk factor for pneumonia. Host factors play a critical role in susceptibility to pulmonary pathogens and outcome from pulmonary infections. Obesity impairs innate and adaptive immune responses, important in the host defence against pneumococcal disease. One area of emerging interest in understanding the complex relationship between obesity and pulmonary infections is the role of the hormone leptin. There is a substantive evidence base supporting the associations between obesity, leptin, pulmonary infections and host defence mechanisms. Despite this, there is a paucity of research that specifically focuses on Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcal) infections, which are the leading cause of community-acquired pneumonia hospitalisations and mortality worldwide. Much of the evidence examining the role of leptin in relation to S. pneumoniae infections has used genetically mutated mice. The purpose of this mini review is to explore the role leptin plays in the host defence of S. pneumoniae in subjects with obesity and posit an argument for the need for more human research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caz Hales
- School of Nursing Midwifery and Health Practice, Faculty of Health, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand .,Dept of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Laura Burnet
- School of Nursing Midwifery and Health Practice, Faculty of Health, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Maureen Coombs
- School of Nursing Midwifery and Health Practice, Faculty of Health, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Andrea M Collins
- Dept of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK.,Liverpool University Foundation Hospital Trusts, Liverpool, UK
| | - Daniela M Ferreira
- Dept of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK.,Oxford Vaccine Group, Dept of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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22
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Neuronal SH2B1 attenuates apoptosis in an MPTP mouse model of Parkinson's disease via promoting PLIN4 degradation. Redox Biol 2022; 52:102308. [PMID: 35390677 PMCID: PMC8987406 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of Parkinson's disease (PD) has increased tremendously, especially in the aged population and people with metabolic dysfunction; however, its underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. SH2B1, an intracellular adaptor protein, contributes to the signal transduction of several receptor tyrosine kinases and exerts beneficial metabolic effects for body weight regulation; however, whether SH2B1 plays a major role in pathological neurodegeneration in PD has not yet been investigated. This study aimed to investigate the effects of SH2B1 in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)–induced PD mice with Sh2b1 deficiency or neuron-specific Sh2b1 overexpression. Cellular and molecular mechanisms were elucidated using human dopaminergic neuron SH-SY5Y cells analysed. We found that SH2B1 expression was confirmed to be downregulated in the blood samples of PD patients and in the brains of mice with MPTP-induced chronic PD. Sh2b1 deficiency caused marked exacerbation of behavioural defects and increased neuronal apoptosis in MPTP-treated mice, whereas restoration of neuron-specific Sh2b1 expression significantly reversed these effects. Similar results were observed in MPP + -treated SH-SY5Y cells. Mechanistically, upon binding to heat shock cognate 70 (HSC70), SH2B1 promotes HSC70-related recognition and PLIN4 lysosomal translocation and degradation, thus suppressing lipid peroxidation stress in the brains of PD mice. Adeno-associated virus-mediated rescue of neuronal HSC70 expression functionally alleviated the neuropathology of PD in wild-type but not in Sh2b1-deficient mice. This is the first study to examine the molecular underpinnings of SH2B1 against MPTP-induced neurodegeneration through cell autonomous promotion of neuronal survival in an in vivo PD model. Our findings reveal that SH2B1 antagonizes neurodegenerative pathology in PD via the SH2B1–HSC70–PLIN4 axis. Brain tissues, especially in TH+ neurons, of PD mice showed low SH2B1 expression. SH2B1 suppressed MPTP-induced neurodegeneration by inhibiting neuronal apoptosis. SH2B1 overexpression protected against MPP + -induced cell death via HSC70. SH2B1 interacts with HSC70 to form a complex that regulates PLIN4 degradation.
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23
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Oliveira LDC, Morais GP, Ropelle ER, de Moura LP, Cintra DE, Pauli JR, de Freitas EC, Rorato R, da Silva ASR. Using Intermittent Fasting as a Non-pharmacological Strategy to Alleviate Obesity-Induced Hypothalamic Molecular Pathway Disruption. Front Nutr 2022; 9:858320. [PMID: 35445066 PMCID: PMC9014844 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.858320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Intermittent fasting (IF) is a popular intervention used to fight overweight/obesity. This condition is accompanied by hypothalamic inflammation, limiting the proper signaling of molecular pathways, with consequent dysregulation of food intake and energy homeostasis. This mini-review explored the therapeutic modulation potential of IF regarding the disruption of these molecular pathways. IF seems to modulate inflammatory pathways in the brain, which may also be correlated with the brain-microbiota axis, improving hypothalamic signaling of leptin and insulin, and inducing the autophagic pathway in hypothalamic neurons, contributing to weight loss in obesity. Evidence also suggests that when an IF protocol is performed without respecting the circadian cycle, it can lead to dysregulation in the expression of circadian cycle regulatory genes, with potential health damage. In conclusion, IF may have the potential to be an adjuvant treatment to improve the reestablishment of hypothalamic responses in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana da Costa Oliveira
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Paroschi Morais
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo R. Ropelle
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leandro P. de Moura
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dennys E. Cintra
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José R. Pauli
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ellen C. de Freitas
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Rorato
- Postgraduate Program in Molecular Biology, Laboratory of Stress Neuroendocrinology, Department of Biophysics, Paulista Medical School, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Rodrigo Rorato,
| | - Adelino Sanchez R. da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Adelino Sanchez R. da Silva,
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24
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Amisi CA. Markers of insulin resistance in Polycystic ovary syndrome women: An update. World J Diabetes 2022; 13:129-149. [PMID: 35432749 PMCID: PMC8984569 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v13.i3.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine disorders, affecting 5%-10% of women of reproductive age. The importance of this syndrome lies in the magnitude of associated comorbidities: infertility, metabolic dysfunction, cardiovascular disease (CVD), plus psychological and oncological complications. Insulin resistance (IR) is a prominent feature of PCOS with a prevalence of 35%-80%. Without adequate management, IR with compensatory hyperinsulinemia contributes directly to reproductive dysfunction in women with PCOS. Furthermore, epidemiological data shows compelling evidence that PCOS is associated with an increased risk of impaired glucose tolerance, gestational diabetes mellitus and type 2 diabetes. In addition, metabolic dysfunction leads to a risk for CVD that increases with aging in women with PCOS. Indeed, the severity of IR in women with PCOS is associated with the amount of abdominal obesity, even in lean women with PCOS. Given these drastic implications, it is important to diagnose and treat insulin resistance as early as possible. Many markers have been proposed. However, quantitative assessment of IR in clinical practice remains a major challenge. The gold standard method for assessing insulin sensitivity is the hyperinsulinemic euglycemic glucose clamp. However, it is not used routinely because of the complexity of its procedure. Consequently, there has been an urgent need for surrogate markers of IR that are more applicable in large population-based epidemiological investigations. Despite this, many of them are either difficult to apply in routine clinical practice or useless for women with PCOS. Considering this difficulty, there is still a need for an accurate marker for easy, early detection and assessment of IR in women with PCOS. This review highlights markers of IR already used in women with PCOS, including new markers recently reported in literature, and it establishes a new classification for these markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal Anifa Amisi
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Universita Campus Bio-medico di Rome, Rome 00128, Italy
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25
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Mechanisms of reduced leptin-mediated satiety signaling during obesity. Int J Obes (Lond) 2022; 46:1212-1221. [PMID: 35241786 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-022-01079-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Disrupted leptin signaling in vagal afferent neurons contributes to hyperphagia and obesity. Thus, we tested the hypothesis that intrinsic negative regulators of leptin signaling, suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) and protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) underlie dysfunctional leptin-mediated vagal afferent satiety signaling during obesity. METHODS Experiments were performed on standard chow-fed control mice, high-fat fed (HFF), or low-fat fed (LFF) mice. SOCS3 and PTP1B expression were quantified using western blot and quantitative PCR. Nodose ganglion neuronal excitability and jejunal afferent sensitivity were measured by patch clamp and extracellular afferent recordings, respectively. RESULTS Increased expression of SOCS3 and PTP1B were observed in the jejunum of HFF mice. Prolonged incubation with leptin attenuated nodose ganglion neuronal excitability, and this effect was reversed by inhibition of SOCS3. Leptin potentiated jejunal afferent nerve responses to CCK in LFF mice but decreased them in HFF mice. Inhibition of SOCS3 restored impaired vagal afferent neuronal excitability and afferent nerve responses to satiety mediators during obesity. Two-pore domain K+ channel (K2P) conductance and nitric oxide (NO) production that we previously demonstrated were elevated during obesity were decreased by inhibitions of SOCS3 or PTP1B. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that obesity impairs vagal afferent sensitivity via SOCS3 and PTP1B, likely as a consequence of obesity-induced hyperleptinemia. The mechanisms underlying leptin resistance appear also to cause a more global impairment of satiety-related vagal afferent responsiveness.
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26
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Glovak ZT, Angel C, O’Brien CB, Baghdoyan HA, Lydic R. Buprenorphine differentially alters breathing among four congenic mouse lines as a function of dose, sex, and leptin status. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2022; 297:103834. [PMID: 34954128 PMCID: PMC8810735 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2021.103834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The opioid buprenorphine alters breathing and the cytokine leptin stimulates breathing. Obesity increases the risk for respiratory disorders and can lead to leptin resistance. This study tested the hypothesis that buprenorphine causes dose-dependent changes in breathing that vary as a function of obesity, leptin status, and sex. Breathing measures were acquired from four congenic mouse lines: female and male wild type C57BL/6J (B6) mice, obese db/db and ob/ob mice with leptin dysfunction, and male B6 mice with diet-induced obesity. Mice were injected intraperitoneally with saline (control) and five doses of buprenorphine (0.1, 0.3, 1.0, 3.0, 10 mg/kg). Buprenorphine caused dose-dependent decreases in respiratory frequency while increasing tidal volume, minute ventilation, and respiratory duty cycle. The effects of buprenorphine varied significantly with leptin status and sex. Buprenorphine decreased minute ventilation variability in all mice. The present findings highlight leptin status as an important modulator of respiration and encourage future studies aiming to elucidate the mechanisms through which leptin status alters breathing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chelsea Angel
- Anesthesiology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI 48105
| | | | - Helen A. Baghdoyan
- Psychology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville TN 37996,Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831
| | - Ralph Lydic
- Psychology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, United States; Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, United States.
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27
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Hioki M, Kanehira N, Koike T, Saito A, Shimaoka K, Sakakibara H, Oshida Y, Akima H. Relationship between adiponectin and intramuscular fat content determined by ultrasonography in older adults. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262271. [PMID: 34982778 PMCID: PMC8726469 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-associated intramuscular adipose tissue (IntraMAT) deposition induces the development of insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. However, the relationship between IntraMAT and biochemical parameters in older adults remains unclear. The purpose of this study, therefore, was to elucidate the relationship between adiponectin and echo intensity–estimated IntraMAT using ultrasonography in normal-weight older adults (men 9, women 13) and examine biochemical parameters. Blood tests were performed to determine fasting levels of glucose, insulin, hemoglobin A1c, total cholesterol (Total-C), high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), free fatty acid, triglycerides (TGs), adiponectin, leptin, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and high-sensitivity tumor necrosis factor, and homoeostasis model assessment index of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Mean gray-scale echo intensity was calculated as the IntraMAT index of the vastus lateralis. Waist circumference was measured at the level of the navel as the visceral adipose tissue (VAT) index. Echo intensity was significantly inversely correlated with adiponectin or LDL-C, and that was significantly positively correlated with TG. Adiponectin level was inversely correlated with waist circumference. Partial correlation analysis with waist circumference as the control variable revealed that adiponectin was inversely correlated with echo intensity, independent of waist circumference, whereas no such correlation was observed after controlling for LDL-C and TG levels. When biochemical parameters were grouped in the principal component analysis, among men, Total-C, insulin, and HOMA-IR or hemoglobin A1c, and high-sensitivity tumor necrosis factor–alpha were grouped with the same distribution for factors 1 and 2. Among women, glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, and Total-C or TGs were grouped with the same distribution for factors 1 and 2. These data suggest that adiponectin level is related to IntraMAT content, independent of VAT in normal-weight older adults. The dynamics of adiponectin might not be similar to those of other circulating biochemical parameters in older men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Hioki
- Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Nana Kanehira
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Tokaigakuen University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Teruhiko Koike
- Research Center of Health, Physical Fitness & Sports, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Akira Saito
- Center for Health and Sports Science, Kyushu Sangyo University, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Shimaoka
- Department of Human Wellness, Tokaigakuen University, Miyoshi, Aichi, Japan
| | | | - Yoshiharu Oshida
- Research Center of Health, Physical Fitness & Sports, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Akima
- Research Center of Health, Physical Fitness & Sports, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
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Franchini F, Palatucci G, Colao A, Ungaro P, Macchia PE, Nettore IC. Obesity and Thyroid Cancer Risk: An Update. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19031116. [PMID: 35162142 PMCID: PMC8834607 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid cancer (TC) is the most common endocrine malignancy worldwide and its incidence has increased dramatically in recent years. In parallel, the prevalence of overweight and obesity has also increased, suggesting a possible link between these two diseases. Indeed, low-grade chronic inflammation, altered cytokine levels, insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and hormonal changes that occur in obese patients are all factors that contribute to the occurrence and growth of TC. In this review, the most recent evidence supporting the potential role of the mechanisms linking obesity to TC will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Franchini
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (F.F.); (G.P.); (A.C.); (P.E.M.)
| | - Giuseppe Palatucci
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (F.F.); (G.P.); (A.C.); (P.E.M.)
| | - Annamaria Colao
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (F.F.); (G.P.); (A.C.); (P.E.M.)
| | - Paola Ungaro
- National Research Council–Institute for Experimental Endocrinology & Oncology ‘Gaetano Salvatore’, 80145 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Paolo Emidio Macchia
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (F.F.); (G.P.); (A.C.); (P.E.M.)
| | - Immacolata Cristina Nettore
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (F.F.); (G.P.); (A.C.); (P.E.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-081-7463848; Fax: +39-081-7462108
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Vohra MS, Benchoula K, Serpell CJ, Hwa WE. AgRP/NPY and POMC neurons in the arcuate nucleus and their potential role in treatment of obesity. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 915:174611. [PMID: 34798121 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a major health crisis affecting over a third of the global population. This multifactorial disease is regulated via interoceptive neural circuits in the brain, whose alteration results in excessive body weight. Certain central neuronal populations in the brain are recognised as crucial nodes in energy homeostasis; in particular, the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC) region contains two peptide microcircuits that control energy balance with antagonistic functions: agouti-related peptide/neuropeptide-Y (AgRP/NPY) signals hunger and stimulates food intake; and pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) signals satiety and reduces food intake. These neuronal peptides levels react to energy status and integrate signals from peripheral ghrelin, leptin, and insulin to regulate feeding and energy expenditure. To manage obesity comprehensively, it is crucial to understand cellular and molecular mechanisms of information processing in ARC neurons, since these regulate energy homeostasis. Importantly, a specific strategy focusing on ARC circuits needs to be devised to assist in treating obese patients and maintaining weight loss with minimal or no side effects. The aim of this review is to elucidate the recent developments in the study of AgRP-, NPY- and POMC-producing neurons, specific to their role in controlling metabolism. The impact of ghrelin, leptin, and insulin signalling via action of these neurons is also surveyed, since they also impact energy balance through this route. Lastly, we present key proteins, targeted genes, compounds, drugs, and therapies that actively work via these neurons and could potentially be used as therapeutic targets for treating obesity conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Sufyan Vohra
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University Lakeside Campus, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Khaled Benchoula
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University Lakeside Campus, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Christopher J Serpell
- School of Physical Sciences, Ingram Building, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, CT2 7NH, United Kingdom
| | - Wong Eng Hwa
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University Lakeside Campus, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
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Obi N, Jung AY, Maurer T, Huebner M, Johnson T, Behrens S, Jaskulski S, Becher H, Chang-Claude J. Association of circulating leptin, adiponectin, and resistin concentrations with long-term breast cancer prognosis in a German patient cohort. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23526. [PMID: 34876619 PMCID: PMC8651788 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02958-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipokines including leptin, adiponectin and resistin have been linked to risk of obesity-related cancers potentially through low-grade chronic inflammation pathways. We aimed to assess the role of post-diagnosis circulating adipokines on long-term prognosis in a prospective breast cancer cohort. Adipokines were measured in blood collected at baseline shortly after diagnosis (2002-2005) and at follow-up (2009) from 3112 breast cancer patients enrolled in the population-based MARIE study. Half of the patients had measurements at both time-points. All-cause mortality, breast cancer specific mortality and recurrences were ascertained up to June 2015 (11 years median follow-up). Associations with time-varying adipokine concentrations overall and stratified by estrogen and progesterone receptor (ERPR) were evaluated using adjusted proportional hazard regression. At baseline (n = 2700) and follow-up (n = 2027), median concentrations for leptin, adiponectin and resistin were 4.6 and 2.7 ng/ml, 24.4 and 30.0 mg/l, 15.4 and 26.2 ng/ml, respectively. After adjustment, there was no evidence for associations between adipokines and any outcome overall. In ERPR negative tumors, highest vs. lowest quintile of adiponectin was significantly associated with increased breast cancer specific mortality (HR 2.51, 95%CI 1.07-5.92). Overall, post-diagnosis adipokines were not associated with long-term outcomes after breast cancer. In patients with ERPR negative tumors, higher concentrations of adiponectin may be associated with increased breast cancer specific mortality and warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Obi
- Institute for Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Audrey Y Jung
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology/Unit of Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tabea Maurer
- Cancer Epidemiology, University Cancer Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marianne Huebner
- Institute for Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Statistics and Probability, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Theron Johnson
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology/Unit of Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sabine Behrens
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology/Unit of Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Jaskulski
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology/Unit of Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute for Prevention and Cancer Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Heiko Becher
- Institute for Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology/Unit of Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Cancer Epidemiology, University Cancer Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Kallergi E, Nikoletopoulou V. Macroautophagy and normal aging of the nervous system: Lessons from animal models. Cell Stress 2021; 5:146-166. [PMID: 34708187 PMCID: PMC8490955 DOI: 10.15698/cst2021.10.257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging represents a cumulative form of cellular stress, which is thought to challenge many aspects of proteostasis. The non-dividing, long-lived neurons are particularly vulnerable to stress, and, not surprisingly, even normal aging is highly associated with a decline in brain function in humans, as well as in other animals. Macroautophagy is a fundamental arm of the proteostasis network, safeguarding proper protein turnover during different cellular states and against diverse cellular stressors. An intricate interplay between macroautophagy and aging is beginning to unravel, with the emergence of new tools, including those for monitoring autophagy in cultured neurons and in the nervous system of different organisms in vivo. Here, we review recent findings on the impact of aging on neuronal integrity and on neuronal macroautophagy, as they emerge from studies in invertebrate and mammalian models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanouela Kallergi
- University of Lausanne, Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Viral Infection Drives the Regulation of Feeding Behavior Related Genes in Salmo salar. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111391. [PMID: 34768822 PMCID: PMC8583931 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The feeding behavior in fish is a complex activity that relies on the ability of the brain to integrate multiple signals to produce appropriate responses in terms of food intake, energy expenditure, and metabolic activity. Upon stress cues including viral infection or mediators such as the proinflammatory cytokines, prostaglandins, and cortisol, both Pomc and Npy/Agrp neurons from the hypothalamus are stimulated, thus triggering a response that controls both energy storage and expenditure. However, how appetite modulators or neuro-immune cues link pathogenesis and energy homeostasis in fish remains poorly understood. Here, we provide the first evidence of a molecular linkage between inflammation and food intake in Salmon salar. We show that in vivo viral challenge with infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) impacts food consumption by activating anorexic genes such as mc4r, crf, and pomcb and 5-HT in the brain of S. salar. At the molecular level, viral infection induces an overall reduction in lipid content in the liver, favoring the production of AA and EPA associated with the increment of elovl2 gene. In addition, infection upregulates leptin signaling and inhibits insulin signaling. These changes are accompanied by a robust inflammatory response represented by the increment of Il-1b, Il-6, Tnfa, and Pge2 as well as an increased cortisol level in vivo. Thus, we propose a model in which hypothalamic neurons respond to inflammatory cytokines and stress-related molecules and interact with appetite induction/inhibition. These findings provide evidence of crosstalk between pathogenesis-driven inflammation and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axes in stress-induced food intake behavior in fish.
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33
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Pu X, Chen D. Targeting Adipokines in Obesity-Related Tumors. Front Oncol 2021; 11:685923. [PMID: 34485124 PMCID: PMC8415167 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.685923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity, a global epidemic, is an independent risk factor for the occurrence and development of a variety of tumors, such as breast cancer, pancreatic cancer, ovarian cancer and colorectal cancer. Adipocytes are important endocrine cells in the tumor microenvironment of obesity-related tumors, which can secrete a variety of adipokines (such as leptin, adiponectin, estrogen, resistin, MIF and MCP-1, etc.), among which leptin, adiponectin and estrogen are the most in-depth and valuable ones. These adipokines are closely related to tumorigenesis and the progression of tumors. In recent years, more and more studies have shown that under chronic inflammatory conditions such as obesity, adipocytes secrete more adipokines to promote the tumorigenesis and development of tumors. However, it is worth noting that although adiponectin is also secreted by adipocytes, it has an anti-tumor effect, and can cross-talk with other adipokines (such as leptin and estrogen) and insulin to play an anti-tumor effect together. In addition, obesity is the main cause of insulin resistance, which can lead to the increase of the expression levels of insulin and insulin-like growth factor (IGF). As important regulators of blood glucose and lipid metabolism, insulin and IGF also play an important role in the progress of obesity related tumors. In view of the important role of adipokines secreted by adipocytes and insulin/IGF in tumors, this article not only elaborates leptin, adiponectin and estrogen secreted by adipocytes and their mechanism of action in the development of obesity- related tumors, but also introduces the relationship between insulin/IGF, a regulator of lipid metabolism, and obesity related tumors. At the same time, it briefly describes the cancer-promoting mechanism of resistin, MIF and MCP-1 in obesity-related tumors, and finally summarizes the specific treatment opinions and measures for various adipokines and insulin/insulin-like growth factors in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Pu
- Institute of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Deyu Chen
- Institute of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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Ullah R, Rauf N, Nabi G, Yi S, Yu-Dong Z, Fu J. Mechanistic insight into high-fat diet-induced metabolic inflammation in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 142:112012. [PMID: 34388531 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A high-fat diet (HFD) is linked with cytokines production by non-neuronal cells within the hypothalamus, which mediates metabolic inflammation. These cytokines then activate different inflammatory mediators in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (ARC), a primary hypothalamic area accommodating proopiomelanocortin (POMC) and agouti-related peptide (AGRP) neurons, first-order neurons that sense and integrate peripheral metabolic signals and then respond accordingly. These mediators, such as inhibitor of κB kinase-β (IKKβ), suppression of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3), c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs), protein kinase C (PKC), etc., cause insulin and leptin resistance in POMC and AGRP neurons and support obesity and related metabolic complications. On the other hand, inhibition of these mediators has been shown to counteract the impaired metabolism. Therefore, it is important to discuss the contribution of neuronal and non-neuronal cells in HFD-induced hypothalamic inflammation. Furthermore, understanding few other questions, such as the diets causing hypothalamic inflammation, the gender disparity in response to HFD feeding, and how hypothalamic inflammation affects ARC neurons to cause impaired metabolism, will be helpful for the development of therapeutic approaches to prevent or treat HFD-induced obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahim Ullah
- Department of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310052, China; Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Naveed Rauf
- Department of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - Ghulam Nabi
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, Hebei Province, China; Department of Life Sciences, School of Science, University of Management and Technology (UMT), Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Shen Yi
- Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Zhou Yu-Dong
- Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Junfen Fu
- Department of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310052, China; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou 310052, China; National Children's Regional Medical Center, Hangzhou 310052, China.
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Kim LJ, Shin MK, Pho H, Otvos L, Tufik S, Andersen ML, Pham LV, Polotsky VY. Leptin Receptor Blockade Attenuates Hypertension, but Does Not Affect Ventilatory Response to Hypoxia in a Model of Polygenic Obesity. Front Physiol 2021; 12:688375. [PMID: 34276408 PMCID: PMC8283021 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.688375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity can cause hypertension and exacerbates sleep-disordered breathing (SDB). Leptin is an adipocyte-produced hormone, which increases metabolic rate, suppresses appetite, modulates control of breathing, and increases blood pressure. Obese individuals with high circulating levels of leptin are resistant to metabolic and respiratory effects of leptin, but they appear to be sensitive to hypertensive effects of this hormone. Obesity-induced hypertension has been associated with hyperleptinemia. New Zealand obese (NZO) mice, a model of polygenic obesity, have high levels of circulating leptin and hypertension, and are prone to develop SDB, similarly to human obesity. We hypothesize that systemic leptin receptor blocker Allo-aca will treat hypertension in NZO mice without any effect on body weight, food intake, or breathing. Methods Male NZO mice, 12–13 weeks of age, were treated with Allo-aca (n = 6) or a control peptide Gly11 (n = 12) for 8 consecutive days. Doses of 0.2 mg/kg were administered subcutaneously 2×/day, at 10 AM and 6 PM. Blood pressure was measured by telemetry for 48 h before and during peptide infusion. Ventilation was assessed by whole-body barometric plethysmography, control of breathing was examined by assessing the hypoxic ventilatory response (HVR), and polysomnography was performed during light-phase at baseline and during treatment. Heart rate variability analyses were performed to estimate the cardiac autonomic balance. Results Systemic leptin receptor blockade with Allo-aca did not affect body weight, body temperature, and food intake in NZO mice. Plasma levels of leptin did not change after the treatment with either Allo-aca or the control peptide Gy11. NZO mice were hypertensive at baseline and leptin receptor blocker Allo-aca significantly reduced the mean arterial pressure from 134.9 ± 3.1 to 124.9 ± 5.7 mmHg during the light phase (P < 0.05), whereas the control peptide had no effect. Leptin receptor blockade did not change the heart rate or cardiac autonomic balance. Allo-aca did not affect minute ventilation under normoxic or hypoxic conditions and HVR. Ventilation, apnea index, and oxygen desaturation during NREM and REM sleep did not change with leptin receptor blockade. Conclusion Systemic leptin receptor blockade attenuates hypertension in NZO mice, but does not exacerbate obesity and SDB. Thus, leptin receptor blockade represents a potential pharmacotherapy for obesity-associated hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenise J Kim
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Mi-Kyung Shin
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Huy Pho
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Laszlo Otvos
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Arrevus, Inc., Raleigh, NC, United States.,OLPE, LLC, Audubon, PA, United States
| | - Sergio Tufik
- Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Monica L Andersen
- Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luu V Pham
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Vsevolod Y Polotsky
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Fatty acids role on obesity induced hypothalamus inflammation: From problem to solution – A review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Leptin in Atherosclerosis: Focus on Macrophages, Endothelial and Smooth Muscle Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115446. [PMID: 34064112 PMCID: PMC8196747 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing adipose tissue mass in obesity directly correlates with elevated circulating leptin levels. Leptin is an adipokine known to play a role in numerous biological processes including regulation of energy homeostasis, inflammation, vascular function and angiogenesis. While physiological concentrations of leptin may exhibit multiple beneficial effects, chronically elevated pathophysiological levels or hyperleptinemia, characteristic of obesity and diabetes, is a major risk factor for development of atherosclerosis. Hyperleptinemia results in a state of selective leptin resistance such that while beneficial metabolic effects of leptin are dampened, deleterious vascular effects of leptin are conserved attributing to vascular dysfunction. Leptin exerts potent proatherogenic effects on multiple vascular cell types including macrophages, endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells; these effects are mediated via an interaction of leptin with the long form of leptin receptor, abundantly expressed in atherosclerotic plaques. This review provides a summary of recent in vivo and in vitro studies that highlight a role of leptin in the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic complications associated with obesity and diabetes.
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Liu H, Du T, Li C, Yang G. STAT3 phosphorylation in central leptin resistance. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2021; 18:39. [PMID: 33849593 PMCID: PMC8045279 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-021-00569-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanism exploitation of energy homeostasis is urgently required because of the worldwide prevailing of obesity-related metabolic disorders in human being. Although it is well known that leptin plays a central role in regulating energy balance by suppressing food intake and promoting energy expenditure, the existence of leptin resistance in majority of obese individuals hampers the utilization of leptin therapy against these disorders. However, the mechanism of leptin resistance is largely unknown in spite of the globally enormous endeavors. Current theories to interpret leptin resistance include the impairment of leptin transport, attenuation of leptin signaling, chronic inflammation, ER tress, deficiency of autophagy, as well as leptin itself. Leptin-activated leptin receptor (LepRb) signals in hypothalamus via several pathways, in which JAK2-STAT3 pathway, the most extensively investigated one, is considered to mediate the major action of leptin in energy regulation. Upon leptin stimulation the phosphorylation of STAT3 is one of the key events in JAK2-STAT3 pathway, followed by the dimerization and nuclear translocation of this molecule. Phosphorylated STAT3 (p-STAT3), as a transcription factor, binds to and regulates its target gene such as POMC gene, playing the physiological function of leptin. Regarding POMC gene in hypothalamus however little is known about the detail of its interaction with STAT3. Moreover the status of p-STAT3 and its significance in hypothalamus of DIO mice needs to be well elucidated. This review comprehends literatures on leptin and leptin resistance and especially discusses what STAT3 phosphorylation would contribute to central leptin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Liu
- College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wen Hua Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Tianxin Du
- College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wen Hua Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Chen Li
- College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wen Hua Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Guoqing Yang
- College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wen Hua Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
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Cachexia as Evidence of the Mechanisms of Resistance and Tolerance during the Evolution of Cancer Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22062890. [PMID: 33809200 PMCID: PMC8001015 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
During its evolution, cancer induces changes in patients’ energy metabolism that strongly affect the overall clinical state and are responsible for cancer-related cachexia syndrome. To better understand the mechanisms underlying cachexia and its metabolic derangements, research efforts should focus on the events that are driven by the immune system activation during the evolution of neoplastic disease and on the phenomena of “resistance” and “tolerance” typically involved in the human body response against stress, pathogens, or cancer. Indeed, in the case where resistance is not able to eliminate the cancer, tolerance mechanisms can utilize the symptoms of cachexia (anemia, anorexia, and fatigue) to counteract unregulated cancer growth. These notions are also sustained by the evidence that cancer cachexia may be reversible if the resistance and tolerance phases are supported by appropriate antineoplastic treatments. Accordingly, there is no doubt that anticachectic therapies have an irreplaceable role in cases of reversible cancer cachexia where, if harmoniously associated with effective antineoplastic therapies, they can contribute to preserve the quality of life and improve prognosis. Such anticachectic treatments should be based on targeting the complex immunological, inflammatory, and metabolic pathways involved in the complex pathogenesis of cachexia. Meanwhile, the role of the anticachectic therapies is very different in the stage of irreversible cachexia when the available antineoplastic treatments are not able to control the disease and the resistance mechanisms fail with the prevalence of the tolerance phenomena. At this stage, they can be useful only to improve the quality of life, allowing the patient and their family to get a better awareness of the final phases of life, thereby opening to the best spiritual remodulation of the final event, death.
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40
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Zhang X, Chen H, Val-Laillet D. Hypothesis paper: electroacupuncture targeting the gut-brain axis to modulate neurocognitive determinants of eating behavior-toward a proof of concept in the obese minipig model. Eat Weight Disord 2021; 26:61-74. [PMID: 32100220 PMCID: PMC7895779 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-020-00864-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Acupuncture has thousands of years of history and perspective for the treatment of many health problems and disorders. Beneficial effects of acupuncture on obesity have been demonstrated at various levels in animals and clinical trials, with almost no adverse effect, even when combined with local electrical stimulation, i.e., electroacupuncture (EA), a way to potentiate the effects of acupuncture. However, there is still scattered evidence about the impact of EA on brain functions related to the control of eating behavior, and notably on the gut-brain axis mechanisms involved in these putative central modulations. During the past 10 years, we have described a convincing diet-induced obese minipig model, and successfully implemented brain imaging and neurocognitive approaches to challenge mechanistic hypotheses and innovative therapeutic strategies. In the present article, we propose to confront the current literature on the acupuncture and EA effects on the gut-brain axis and obesity with the latest developments in nutrition and neuroscience research using the minipig model. Our aims are to (a) elaborate functional hypotheses on the gut-brain mechanisms underlying EA effects on obesity, and especially on the role of the vagus nerve, and (b) present the rational for testing these hypotheses in the minipig model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuwen Zhang
- Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, China.,Guanzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - David Val-Laillet
- INRAE, INSERM, Univ Rennes, Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer, NuMeCan, 16 Le Clos, St Gilles, 35590, Rennes, France.
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Figueroa-Juárez E, Noriega LG, Pérez-Monter C, Alemán G, Hernández-Pando R, Correa-Rotter R, Ramírez V, Tovar AR, Torre-Villalvazo I, Tovar-Palacio C. The Role of the Unfolded Protein Response on Renal Lipogenesis in C57BL/6 Mice. Biomolecules 2021; 11:73. [PMID: 33430288 PMCID: PMC7825661 DOI: 10.3390/biom11010073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal injury observed in several pathologies has been associated with lipid accumulation in the kidney. While it has been suggested that the accumulation of renal lipids depends on free fatty acids released from adipose tissue, it is not known whether in situ renal lipogenesis due to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress contributes to kidney injury. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the role of pharmacological ER stress in renal structure and function and its effect on renal lipid metabolism of C57BL/6 mice. ER stress increased serum creatinine and induced kidney structural abnormalities. Tunicamycin-administered mice developed hyperinsulinemia, augmented lipolysis and increased circulating leptin and adiponectin. Renal unfolded protein response (UPR) gene expression markers, the lipogenic transcription factor SREBP1 and the phosphorylation of eIF2α increased 8 h after tunicamycin administration. At 24 h, an increase in BiP protein content was accompanied by a reduction in p-eIF2α and increased SREBP-1 and FASn protein content, in addition to a significant increase in triglyceride content and a reduction in AMPK. Thus, ER stress induces in situ lipid synthesis, leading to renal lipid accumulation and functional alterations. Future pharmacological and/or dietary strategies must target renal ER stress to prevent kidney damage and the progression of metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Figueroa-Juárez
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, UK;
- Nefrología y Metabolismo Mineral, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición, Salvador CDMX 14080, Mexico;
| | - Lilia G. Noriega
- Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición, Salvador CDMX 14080, Mexico; (L.G.N.); (G.A.); (A.R.T.)
| | - Carlos Pérez-Monter
- Gastroenterología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición, Salvador CDMX 14080, Mexico;
| | - Gabriela Alemán
- Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición, Salvador CDMX 14080, Mexico; (L.G.N.); (G.A.); (A.R.T.)
| | - Rogelio Hernández-Pando
- Patología Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición, Salvador CDMX 14080, Mexico;
| | - Ricardo Correa-Rotter
- Nefrología y Metabolismo Mineral, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición, Salvador CDMX 14080, Mexico;
| | - Victoria Ramírez
- Cirugía Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición, Salvador CDMX 14080, Mexico;
| | - Armando R. Tovar
- Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición, Salvador CDMX 14080, Mexico; (L.G.N.); (G.A.); (A.R.T.)
| | - Iván Torre-Villalvazo
- Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición, Salvador CDMX 14080, Mexico; (L.G.N.); (G.A.); (A.R.T.)
| | - Claudia Tovar-Palacio
- División de Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición, Salvador CDMX 14080, Mexico
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Sawczyn T, Stygar D, Nabrdalik K, Kukla M, Masri O, Magrowski Ł, Karcz W, Jochem J. Effect of Ileal Transposition (IT) on Angiopoietin-Like Protein-8 (ANGPTL8) and Pentraxin (PTX3) Plasma Level in Sprague-Dawley Rats Fed High-Fat Diet (HFD). Int J Endocrinol 2021; 2021:6699923. [PMID: 34035808 PMCID: PMC8118740 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6699923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic surgery procedures are designed not only for sustained weight loss but also for achieving positive metabolic changes, including improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity, along with an increase in energy expenditure. Based on recent findings, the present study focuses on the relationship between the effects of ileal transposition (IT), high-fat diet (HFD), and selected markers of lipid metabolism and inflammation. METHODS Forty-eight male rats were divided into two groups: HFD and control diet (CD) fed rats. After eight weeks, animals in each group were randomly assigned to two types of surgery: IT and SHAM. Thereafter, fifty percent of the animals in the HFD and CD groups had their diets changed, while the remaining half maintained their presurgery diets. Eight weeks after surgery, plasma levels of ANGPTL8, PTX3, leptin, and adiponectin were assessed. RESULTS The IT group pre- and postoperatively maintained on the HFD showed higher ANGPTL8 level compared to SHAM operated animals (p=0.0041). The effect of IT on PTX3 level in the group pre- and postoperatively maintained on a CD was not significant, and there were no differences compared to SHAM. Only the postoperative diet change to HFD increased PTX3 level in the IT operated animals (p=0.0002). The IT group had increased plasma adiponectin (p=0.026) and leptin (p=0.0027) levels after dietary change to HFD compared to IT rats fed CD. CONCLUSIONS This study indicates that the outcomes of metabolic surgery can be greatly modified by HFD. The effects of the IT procedure in this experiment are ambiguous and do not provide a clear answer as to whether or not they are beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Sawczyn
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Dominika Stygar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Nabrdalik
- Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetology and Nephrology, Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Michał Kukla
- Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Oliwia Masri
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Łukasz Magrowski
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Wojciech Karcz
- Department of General, Visceral, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hospital of the Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Jerzy Jochem
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
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43
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Browning BD, Schwandt ML, Farokhnia M, Deschaine SL, Hodgkinson CA, Leggio L. Leptin Gene and Leptin Receptor Gene Polymorphisms in Alcohol Use Disorder: Findings Related to Psychopathology. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:723059. [PMID: 34421692 PMCID: PMC8377199 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.723059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Comorbidity between alcohol use disorder (AUD) and other addictive and psychiatric disorders is highly prevalent and disabling; however, the underlying biological correlates are not fully understood. Leptin is a peptide hormone known for its role in energy homeostasis and food intake. Furthermore, leptin plays a key role in the activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and of several neurotransmitter systems that regulate emotionality and behavior. However, human studies that have investigated circulating leptin levels in relation to AUD and affective disorders, such as anxiety and depression, are conflicting. Genetic-based analyses of the leptin gene (LEP) and leptin receptor gene (LEPR) have the potential of providing more insight into the potential role of the leptin system in AUD and comorbid psychopathology. The aim of the current study was to investigate whether genotypic variations at LEP and LEPR are associated with measures of alcohol use, nicotine use, anxiety, and depression, all of which represent common comorbidities with AUD. Haplotype association analyses were performed, using data from participants enrolled in screening and natural history protocols at the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA). Analyses were performed separately in European Americans and African Americans due to the variation in haplotype diversity for most genes between these groups. In the European American group, one LEP haplotype (EB2H4) was associated with lower odds of having a current AUD diagnosis, two LEPR haplotypes (EB7H3, EB8H3) were associated with lower cigarette pack years and two LEPR haplotypes (EB7H2, EB8H2) were associated with higher State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-T) scores. In the African American group, one LEP haplotype (AB2H8) was associated with higher cigarette pack years and one LEP haplotype (AB3H2) was associated with lower Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) scores. Overall, this study found that variations in the leptin and leptin receptor genes are associated with measures of alcohol use, nicotine use, and anxiety. While this preliminary study adds support for a role of the leptin system in AUD and psychopathologies, additional studies are required to fully understand the underlying mechanisms and potential therapeutic implications of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittney D Browning
- Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Translational Addiction Medicine Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Melanie L Schwandt
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Mehdi Farokhnia
- Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Translational Addiction Medicine Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Sara L Deschaine
- Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Translational Addiction Medicine Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Colin A Hodgkinson
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Lorenzo Leggio
- Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Translational Addiction Medicine Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Medication Development Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, United States.,Division of Addiction Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States
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44
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Chen X, Ren C, Teng Y, Shen Y, Wu M, Xiao H, Wang H. Effects of temperature on growth, development and the leptin signaling pathway of Bufo gargarizans. J Therm Biol 2020; 96:102822. [PMID: 33627262 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2020.102822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Climate change is one of the most important causes of the decline in amphibians. Changes in temperature have an important effect on the growth and development and energy metabolism of amphibians. The aim of this study is to unravel the effects of temperature on the leptin signaling pathway of Bufo gargarizans and its molecular mechanisms. Our results showed that high temperature accelerated the development rate of tadpoles, but reduced body size and mass, while low temperature deferred the development of tadpoles, but increased size and mass. Both high temperature and low temperature exposure caused pathological damage of the liver in B. gargarizans. The results of RT-qPCR revealed that the high temperature treatment significantly upregulated the transcript levels of genes related to thyroid hormone (DIO2 (D2), Thyroid Hormone Receptor-α (TRα)) and the leptin signaling pathway (Leptin Receptor (LepR), Janus kinase 1 (JAK1), Janus kinase 2 (JAK2), Tyrosine kinase 2 (TYK2), Signal Transducer And Activator Of Transcription 3 (STAT3), Signal Transducer And Activator Of Transcription 3.1 (STAT3.1), and Signal Transducer And Activator Of Transcription 6 (STAT6)), while there was a decrease of mRNA expression of these genes (TRα, Thyroid Hormone Receptor-Beta (TRβ), LepR, JAK1, and TYK2) in the liver of tadpoles exposed to high temperature compared with the intermediate temperature treatment. Therefore, our results suggested that temperature extremes might interfere with the thyroid and leptin signaling pathways and affect the growth and development of B. gargarizans. Furthermore, tissue injury of the liver could occur due to exposure to temperature extremes. This work promotes public awareness of environmental protection and species conservation needs, also provides valuable experimental data and a theoretical basis for the protection of amphibians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Chen
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Chaolu Ren
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Yiran Teng
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Yujia Shen
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Minyao Wu
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Hui Xiao
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Hongyuan Wang
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China.
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45
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Zheng R, Liu R, Wu M, Wang H, Xie L. Effects of sodium perchlorate and exogenous L-thyroxine on growth, development and leptin signaling pathway of Bufo gargarizans tadpoles during metamorphosis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 206:111410. [PMID: 33007540 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Sodium perchlorate (NaClO4) and exogenous L-thyroxine (T4), two kinds of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), mainly affect the circulating thyroid hormones, which regulate the initiation and rate of metamorphosis in amphibian. The aim of this study is to evaluate the potential role of EDCs in regulating the development of tadpoles and leptin signaling pathway of liver during the metamorphosis of Bufo gargarizans. There was completely opposite result of average development stage of tadpoles and morphological parameters between the NaClO4 and T4 exposure groups. Histological analysis revealed that NaClO4 and T4 exposure both caused liver injury, such as the decreased size of hepatocytes, atrophy of nucleus, increased melanomacrophage centres and disappearance of hepatocyte membranes. In addition, the results of RT-qPCR revealed that NaClO4 treatment significantly inhibited the transcript levels of genes related to thyroid hormone (D2, TRα and TRβ) and leptin signaling pathway (LepR, JAK1, JAK2, and TYK2), while there was an increase of mRNA expression of these genes in the liver of tadpoles administrated with T4 compared with control. This work lays an important foundation for assessing the risk of EDCs in relation to amphibian development during metamorphosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zheng
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Rong Liu
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Minyao Wu
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Hongyuan Wang
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
| | - Lei Xie
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ecological Treatment Technology for Urban Water Pollution, Wenzhou University, 325035, Wenzhou, China; College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, 325035, Wenzhou, China.
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46
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Moreira TS, Sobrinho CR, Falquetto B, Oliveira LM, Lima JD, Mulkey DK, Takakura AC. The retrotrapezoid nucleus and the neuromodulation of breathing. J Neurophysiol 2020; 125:699-719. [PMID: 33427575 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00497.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Breathing is regulated by a host of arousal and sleep-wake state-dependent neuromodulators to maintain respiratory homeostasis. Modulators such as acetylcholine, norepinephrine, histamine, serotonin (5-HT), adenosine triphosphate (ATP), substance P, somatostatin, bombesin, orexin, and leptin can serve complementary or off-setting functions depending on the target cell type and signaling mechanisms engaged. Abnormalities in any of these modulatory mechanisms can destabilize breathing, suggesting that modulatory mechanisms are not overly redundant but rather work in concert to maintain stable respiratory output. The present review focuses on the modulation of a specific cluster of neurons located in the ventral medullary surface, named retrotrapezoid nucleus, that are activated by changes in tissue CO2/H+ and regulate several aspects of breathing, including inspiration and active expiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago S Moreira
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cleyton R Sobrinho
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Barbara Falquetto
- Department of Pharmacology, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz M Oliveira
- Department of Pharmacology, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Janayna D Lima
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniel K Mulkey
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
| | - Ana C Takakura
- Department of Pharmacology, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
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Tsofliou F, Pitsiladis YP, Lara J, Hadjicharalambous M, Macdonald IA, Wallace MA, Lean MEJ. The effects of moderate alterations in adrenergic activity on acute appetite regulation in obese women: A randomised crossover trial. Nutr Health 2020; 26:311-322. [PMID: 32729763 PMCID: PMC7534026 DOI: 10.1177/0260106020942117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous evidence has demonstrated that serum leptin is correlated with appetite in combination with, but not without, modest exercise. AIM The present experiments investigated the effects of exogenous adrenaline and α/β adrenoceptor blockade in combination with moderate exercise on serum leptin concentrations, appetite/satiety sensations and subsequent food intake in obese women. METHODS A total of 10 obese women ((mean ± SEM), age: 50 (1.9) years, body mass index 36 (4.1) kg/m2, waist 104.8 (4.1) cm) participated in two separate, double-blind randomised experimental trials. Experiment 1: moderate exercise after α/β adrenergic blocker (labetalol, 100 mg orally) versus moderate exercise plus placebo; experiment 2: adrenaline infusion for 20 minutes versus saline infusion. Appetite/satiety and biochemistry were measured at baseline, pre- and immediately post-intervention, then 1 hour post-intervention (i.e., before dinner). Food intake was assessed via ad libitum buffet-style dinner. RESULTS No differences were found in appetite/satiety, subsequent food intake or serum leptin in any of the studies (experiment 1 or experiment 2). In experiment 1, blood glucose was higher (p < 0.01) and plasma free fatty acids lower (p = 0.04) versus placebo. In experiment 2, plasma free fatty acids (p < 0.05) increased after adrenaline versus saline infusion. CONCLUSIONS Neither inhibition of exercise-induced adrenergic activity by combined α/β adrenergic blockade nor moderate increases in adrenergic activity induced by intravenous adrenaline infusion affected acute appetite regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fotini Tsofliou
- Human Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Department of Rehabilitation and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Bournemouth University, United Kingdom
| | - Yannis P Pitsiladis
- College of Medical Veterinary and Life Science, Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Centre for Sport and Exercise Science and Medicine, University of Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Jose Lara
- Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, United Kingdom
| | - Marios Hadjicharalambous
- College of Medical Veterinary and Life Science, Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Life & Health Sciences, School of Sciences and Engineering, University of Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Ian A Macdonald
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham Medical School, Queen’s Medical Centre, United Kingdom
| | - Mike A Wallace
- University Department of Pathological Biochemistry, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, United Kingdom
| | - Mike E J Lean
- Human Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
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48
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Pfohl M, DaSilva NA, Marques E, Agudelo J, Liu C, Goedken M, Slitt AL, Seeram NP, Ma H. Hepatoprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of a standardized pomegranate ( Punica granatum) fruit extract in high fat diet-induced obese C57BL/6 mice. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2020; 72:499-510. [PMID: 33203257 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2020.1849041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Diets rich in fats are linked to elevated systemic inflammation, which augments the progression of inflammatory-related disorders including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and neurodegenerative diseases. A phenolic-enriched pomegranate fruit extract (PE) was investigated for its hepatoprotective and anti-inflammatory effects in male C57BL/6 mice fed either a high-fat diet or a standard rodent diet with or without 1% of PE for 12 weeks. Mouse livers and hippocampi were evaluated for the expression of genes associated with NAFLD and inflammation by multiplexed gene analysis. PE alleviated diet-induced fatty liver and suppressed hepatic lipid regulating genes including Cd36, Fas, Acot2 and Slc27a1. In addition, PE suppressed gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines including Il-1α, Il-7, Il-11, Ifnα, Tnfα and Lepr in the hippocampi. Our findings support the protective effects of PE against high-fat diet-induced hepatic and neurological disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa Pfohl
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Nicholas A DaSilva
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA.,George and Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Emily Marques
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Juliana Agudelo
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Michael Goedken
- Rutgers Translational Sciences, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Angela L Slitt
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA.,George and Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Navindra P Seeram
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA.,George and Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Hang Ma
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA.,George and Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
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Recinella L, Orlando G, Ferrante C, Chiavaroli A, Brunetti L, Leone S. Adipokines: New Potential Therapeutic Target for Obesity and Metabolic, Rheumatic, and Cardiovascular Diseases. Front Physiol 2020; 11:578966. [PMID: 33192583 PMCID: PMC7662468 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.578966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Besides its role as an energy storage organ, adipose tissue can be viewed as a dynamic and complex endocrine organ, which produces and secretes several adipokines, including hormones, cytokines, extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, and growth and vasoactive factors. A wide body of evidence showed that adipokines play a critical role in various biological and physiological functions, among which feeding modulation, inflammatory and immune function, glucose and lipid metabolism, and blood pressure control. The aim of this review is to summarize the effects of several adipokines, including leptin, diponectin, resistin, chemerin, lipocalin-2 (LCN2), vaspin, omentin, follistatin-like 1 (FSTL1), secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC), secreted frizzled-related protein 5 (SFRP5), C1q/TNF-related proteins (CTRPs), family with sequence similarity to 19 member A5 (FAM19A5), wingless-type inducible signaling pathway protein-1 (WISP1), progranulin (PGRN), nesfatin-1 (nesfatin), visfatin/PBEF/NAMPT, apelin, retinol binding protein 4 (RPB4), and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) in the regulation of insulin resistance and vascular function, as well as many aspects of inflammation and immunity and their potential role in managing obesity-associated diseases, including metabolic, osteoarticular, and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Luigi Brunetti
- Department of Pharmacy, Gabriele d’Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
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The Role of Ventromedial Hypothalamus Receptors in the Central Regulation of Food Intake. Int J Pept Res Ther 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-020-10120-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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