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Cândido LM, de Avelar NCP, D'Orsi E, Lacerda ACR, Mendonça VA, Tringali G, Sartorio A, Danielewicz AL. Association Between Typologies of Sedentary Behavior and Muscle Strength, Gait Speed, and Balance in Community-Dwelling Older Adults. J Aging Phys Act 2024; 32:225-235. [PMID: 38134899 DOI: 10.1123/japa.2023-0153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge of how the different types of sedentary behaviors (SB) are associated with functional limitations can guide professionals who work with older adults on better recommendations about the amount of daily time that should be encouraged in each type of SB. The objective was to estimate the associations between two SB typologies (SB television [TV] and SB computer/internet) and the presence of handgrip strength, lower limb strength, gait speed, and balance limitations in Brazilian community-dwelling older adults. This is a cross-sectional study with 1,298 community-dwelling older adults (≥60 years). SB was assessed by self-reporting daily time spent watching TV or using computer/internet (categorized into <2, 3-4, and ≥5 hr/day). Outcomes were handgrip strength, lower limb strength, gait speed, and balance limitations considering referenced cutoff points. Older adults in SB TV ≥5 hr/day had 1.75 (95% confidence interval [CI] [1.07, 2.86]) and 1.88 (95% CI [1.02, 3.46]) times more chances of handgrip strength and gait speed limitations, respectively. On the other hand, those who spent 3-4 and ≥5 hr/day in SB computer/internet had 0.45 (95% CI [0.20, 0.99]) and 0.37 (95% CI [0.15, 0.93]) had less chances of lower limb strength and balance limitations, respectively. In conclusion, functional limitations would be associated differently depending on the type of SB in the older adults sampled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia Martins Cândido
- Department of Health Sciences, Laboratory of Aging, Resources and Rheumatology, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Araranguá, Brazil
| | - Núbia Carelli Pereira de Avelar
- Department of Health Sciences, Laboratory of Aging, Resources and Rheumatology, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Araranguá, Brazil
| | - Eleonora D'Orsi
- Department of Public Health, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | | | - Vanessa Amaral Mendonça
- Faculty of Biological and Health Sciences, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Gabriella Tringali
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Experimental Laboratory for Auxo-endocrinological Research, Piancavallo-Verbania, Italy
| | - Alessandro Sartorio
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Experimental Laboratory for Auxo-endocrinological Research, Piancavallo-Verbania, Italy
| | - Ana Lúcia Danielewicz
- Department of Health Sciences, Laboratory of Aging, Resources and Rheumatology, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Araranguá, Brazil
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Experimental Laboratory for Auxo-endocrinological Research, Piancavallo-Verbania, Italy
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Zhou B, Fang Z, Zheng G, Chen X, Liu M, Zuo L, Jing C, Wang G, Gao Y, Bai Y, Chen H, Peng S, Hao G. The objectively measured walking speed and risk of hypertension in Chinese older adults: a prospective cohort study. Hypertens Res 2024; 47:322-330. [PMID: 37794243 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-023-01438-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the longitudinal association between objectively measured walking speed and hypertension and to explore the potential effect modification of obesity on this association in Chinese older adults. The data from the Chinese Health and Retirement Prospective Cohort Study (CHARLS) during 2011-2015 was used. Walking speed was assessed by measuring the participants' usual gait in a 2.5 m course, and it was divided into four groups according to the quartiles (Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4). A total of 2733 participants ≥60 years old were eligible for the analyses. After a follow-up of 4 years, 26.9% occurred hypertension. An inverse association was observed between walking speed and the risk of hypertension. There was an interaction between body mass index (BMI) and walking speed for the hypertension risk (P = 0.010). the association of walking speed with hypertension was stronger in overweight and obese participants (Q2, OR: 0.54, 95%CI = 0.34-0.85, P = 0.009; Q3, OR: 0.69, 95%CI = 0.44-1.08, P = 0.106; Q4, OR: 0.62, 95%CI = 0.39-0.98, P = 0.039). However, this association was not significant among lean ones. A similar trend was observed for systolic and diastolic blood pressure. In conclusion, higher walking speed was longitudinally associated with a lower risk of hypertension in Chinese older adults, especially among overweight and obese participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biying Zhou
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenger Fang
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guangjun Zheng
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xia Chen
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingliang Liu
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Zuo
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunxia Jing
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ge Wang
- Volleyball Teaching and Research Office of Sports Training Institute, Guangzhou Sport University, 510500, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuhua Gao
- School of Athletic Training, Guangzhou Sport University, 510500, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuhui Bai
- Key Laboratory of Sports Technique, Tactics and Physical Function of General Administration of Sport of China, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Sport and Health Sciences, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haiyan Chen
- Department of Parasitic Disease and Endemic Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Shuang Peng
- Key Laboratory of Sports Technique, Tactics and Physical Function of General Administration of Sport of China, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China.
- School of Sport and Health Sciences, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Guang Hao
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Public Health Detection and Assessment, School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Latella C, van den Hoek D, Wolf M, Androulakis-Korakakis P, Fisher JP, Steele J. Using Powerlifting Athletes to Determine Strength Adaptations Across Ages in Males and Females: A Longitudinal Growth Modelling Approach. Sports Med 2023:10.1007/s40279-023-01962-6. [PMID: 38060089 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-023-01962-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Several retrospective studies of strength sport athletes have reported strength adaptations over months to years; however, such adaptations are not linear. METHODS We explored changes in strength over time in a large, retrospective sample of powerlifting (PL) athletes. Specifically, we examined the rate and magnitude of strength adaptation based on age category and weight class for PL competition total, and the squat, bench press, and deadlift, respectively. Mixed effects growth modelling was performed for each operationalised performance outcome (squat, bench press, deadlift, and total) as the dependent variables, with outcomes presented on both the raw, untransformed time scale and on the common logarithmic scale. Additionally, the fitted values were rescaled as a percentage. RESULTS Collectively, the greatest strength gains were in the earliest phase of PL participation (~ 7.5-12.5% increase in the first year, and up to an ~ 20% increase after 10 years). Females tended to display faster progression, possibly because of lower baseline strength. Additionally, female Masters 3 and 4 athletes (> 59 years) still displayed ~ 2.5-5.0% strength improvement, but a slight strength loss was observed in Masters 4 (> 69 years) males (~ 0.35%/year). CONCLUSION Although directly applicable to PL, these findings provide population-level support for the role of consistent and continued strength training to improve strength across the age span and, importantly, to mitigate, or at least largely attenuate age-related declines in strength compared to established general population norms. This information should be used to encourage participation in strength sports, resistance training more generally, and to support future public health messaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Latella
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, Western Australia, 6027, Australia.
- Neurophysiology Research Laboratory, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia.
| | - Daniel van den Hoek
- School of Health, University of the Sunshine Coast, Petrie, Queensland, Australia
| | - Milo Wolf
- Department of Exercise Science and Recreation, Applied Muscle Development Laboratory, CUNY Lehman College, Bronx, NY, USA
| | | | - James P Fisher
- Department of Sport and Health, Solent University, Southampton, UK
| | - James Steele
- Department of Sport and Health, Solent University, Southampton, UK
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Steele J, Fisher JP, Giessing J, Androulakis-Korakakis P, Wolf M, Kroeske B, Reuters R. Long-Term Time-Course of Strength Adaptation to Minimal Dose Resistance Training Through Retrospective Longitudinal Growth Modeling. RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT 2023; 94:913-930. [PMID: 35591809 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2022.2070592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Public health guidelines for resistance training emphasize a minimal effective dose intending for individuals to engage in these behaviors long term. However, few studies have adequately examined the longitudinal time-course of strength adaptations to resistance training. Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine the time-course of strength development from minimal-dose resistance training in a large sample through retrospective training records from a private international exercise company. Methods: Data were available for analysis from 14,690 participants (60% female; aged 48 ± 11 years) having undergone minimal-dose resistance training (1x/week, single sets to momentary failure of six exercises) up to 352 weeks (~6.8 years) in length. Linear-log growth models examined strength development over time allowing random intercepts and slopes by participant. Results: All models demonstrated a robust linear-log relationship with the first derivatives (i.e., changes in strength with time) trending asymptotically such that by ~1-2 years strength had practically reached a "plateau." Sex, bodyweight, and age had minimal interaction effects. However, substantial strength gains were apparent; approximately ~30-50% gains over the first year reaching ~50-60% of baseline 6 years later. Conclusion: It is unclear if the "plateau" can be overcome through alternative approaches, or whether over the long-term strength gains differ. Considering this, our results support public health recommendations for minimal-dose resistance training for strength adaptations in adults.
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Chiba T, Yokota J, Takahashi R, Sasaki K, Suzuki H. Prealbumin level is a predictor of activities of daily living at discharge in older patients with heart failure who became ADL-independent after hospitalization: - Acute and early recovery cardiac rehabilitation trials. JAPANESE JOURNAL OF COMPREHENSIVE REHABILITATION SCIENCE 2023; 14:69-77. [PMID: 38021254 PMCID: PMC10654348 DOI: 10.11336/jjcrs.14.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Chiba T, Yokota J, Takahashi R, Sasaki K, Suzuki H. Prealbumin level is a predictor of activities of daily living at discharge in older patients with heart failure who became ADL-independent after hospitalization - Acute and early recovery cardiac rehabilitation trials. Jpn J Compr Rehabil Sci 2023; 14: 69-77. Objective To determine the relationship between prealbumin level and activities of daily living (ADL) at discharge in patients with heart failure (HF) and assess the usefulness of prealbumin measurement in predicting discharge Barthel Index (BI) in older patients with HF who become non-independent in ADL after hospital admission. Methods Patients with HF, aged ≥75 years, who were admitted to an acute hospital and underwent acute and early recovery cardiac rehabilitation (CR) were studied retrospectively. The exclusion criteria were non-independent ADL before admission (BI < 85 points) and independent ADL at the start of CR (BI ≥ 85 points). The usefulness of prealbumin level in predicting discharge BI was compared between four models. Albumin and Controlling Nutritional Status (CONUT) were used as comparison variables. The models and independent variables were model 1 (covariates only), model 2 (prealbumin + covariates), model 3 (albumin + covariates), and model 4 (CONUT score + covariates). Adjusted R2, a measure of model fit, was used to compare predictive ability. Results A total of 152 patients were included in the analysis. Prealbumin level was a significant variable for BI at discharge but not albumin or CONUT. The adjusted R2 was higher in model 2 with the addition of prealbumin than that in model 1 (0.362 vs. 0.347). Conclusion Prealbumin levels are useful in predicting discharge BI in older patients with HF who become non-independent in ADL after hospitalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaaki Chiba
- Department of Rehabilitation, National Hospital Organization Sendai Medical Center, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Junichi Yokota
- Division of Comprehensive Rehabilitation Sciences, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Ren Takahashi
- Department of Rehabilitation, National Hospital Organization Sendai Medical Center, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Kosuke Sasaki
- Department of Rehabilitation, National Hospital Organization Sendai Medical Center, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Hiroto Suzuki
- Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medical Science and Welfare, Tohoku Bunka Gakuen University, Miyagi, Japan
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Naruse M, Trappe S, Trappe TA. Human skeletal muscle-specific atrophy with aging: a comprehensive review. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2023; 134:900-914. [PMID: 36825643 PMCID: PMC10069966 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00768.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related skeletal muscle atrophy appears to be a muscle group-specific process, yet only a few specific muscles have been investigated and our understanding in this area is limited. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the available information on age-related skeletal muscle atrophy in a muscle-specific manner, nearly half of which comes from the quadriceps. Decline in muscle-specific size over ∼50 yr of aging was determined from 47 cross-sectional studies of 982 young (∼25 yr) and 1,003 old (∼75 yr) individuals and nine muscle groups: elbow extensors (-20%, -0.39%/yr), elbow flexors (-19%, -0.38%/yr), paraspinals (-24%, -0.47%/yr), psoas (-29%, -0.58%/yr), hip adductors (-13%, -0.27%/yr), hamstrings (-19%, -0.39%/yr), quadriceps (-27%, -0.53%/yr), dorsiflexors (-9%, -0.19%/yr), and triceps surae (-14%, -0.28%/yr). Muscle-specific atrophy rate was also determined for each of the subcomponent muscles in the hamstrings, quadriceps, and triceps surae. Of all the muscles included in this review, there was more than a fivefold difference between the least (-6%, -0.13%/yr, soleus) to the most (-33%, -0.66%/yr, rectus femoris) atrophying muscles. Muscle activity level, muscle fiber type, sex, and timeline of the aging process all appeared to have some influence on muscle-specific atrophy. Given the large range of muscle-specific atrophy and the large number of muscles that have not been investigated, more muscle-specific information could expand our understanding of functional deficits that develop with aging and help guide muscle-specific interventions to improve the quality of life of aging women and men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatoshi Naruse
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana, United States
| | - Scott Trappe
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana, United States
| | - Todd A Trappe
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana, United States
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Kong HH, Shin K, Won CW. Association of Dual Sensory Impairment with Declining Physical Function in Community-Dwelling Older Adults. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3546. [PMID: 36834243 PMCID: PMC9964928 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Few studies have investigated whether dual sensory impairment (DSI) adversely affects the deterioration of physical function in older adults compared to single sensory impairment (SSI, visual or auditory). We studied the association between DSI and declining physical function by analyzing the data of 2780 Korean community-dwelling adults aged 70-84 years. Sensory impairment was assessed through pure tone audiometry and visual acuity testing. Muscle strength (handgrip strength) and physical performance (timed up and go test and short physical performance battery (SPPB)) were evaluated. In the cross-sectional analysis, DSI was associated with higher odds of having low muscle strength (odds ratio (OR), 1.78; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.27-2.48) and poor physical performance (SPPB: OR, 2.04; 95% CI, 1.38-3.00) than SSI. Among all sensory impairment groups in the longitudinal analysis, DSI at baseline increased the risk of deteriorating physical performance during the follow-up period (OR, 1.94; 95% CI, 1.31-2.88; p < 0.01) the most. DSI showed a more severe adverse effect on the decline in physical function among community-dwelling older adults than SSI. More comprehensive care is needed to prevent the deterioration of physical function in older adults due to DSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Ho Kong
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwangsoo Shin
- Graduate School of Public Health and Healthcare Management, Songeui Medical Campus, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Won Won
- Elderly Frailty Research Center, Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aims of the study were to investigate the relationship between sarcopenia and renin-angiotensin system-related disorders and to explore the effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers on muscle mass/function and physical performance. DESIGN This multicenter, cross-sectional study was performed using ISarcoPRM algorithm for the diagnosis of sarcopenia. RESULTS Of the 2613 participants (mean age = 61.0 ± 9.5 yrs), 1775 (67.9%) were hypertensive. All sarcopenia-related parameters (except chair stand test in males) were worse in hypertensive group than in normotensive group (all P < 0.05). When clinical/potential confounders were adjusted, hypertension was found to be an independent predictor of sarcopenia in males (odds ratio = 2.403 [95% confidence interval = 1.514-3.813]) and females (odds ratio = 1.906 [95% confidence interval = 1.328-2.734], both P < 0.001). After adjusting for confounding factors, we found that all sarcopenia-related parameters (except grip strength and chair stand test in males) were independently/negatively related to hypertension (all P < 0.05). In females, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors users had higher grip strength and chair stand test performance values but had lower anterior thigh muscle thickness and gait speed values, as compared with those using angiotensin II receptor blockers (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Hypertension was associated with increased risk of sarcopenia at least 2 times. Among antihypertensives, while angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors had higher muscle function values, angiotensin II receptor blockers had higher muscle mass and physical performance values only in females.
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Nicholson TA, Sagmeister M, Wijesinghe SN, Farah H, Hardy RS, Jones SW. Oligonucleotide Therapeutics for Age-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders: Successes and Challenges. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:237. [PMID: 36678864 PMCID: PMC9866666 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15010237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related disorders of the musculoskeletal system including sarcopenia, osteoporosis and arthritis represent some of the most common chronic conditions worldwide, for which there remains a great clinical need to develop safer and more efficacious pharmacological treatments. Collectively, these conditions involve multiple tissues, including skeletal muscle, bone, articular cartilage and the synovium within the joint lining. In this review, we discuss the potential for oligonucleotide therapies to combat the unmet clinical need in musculoskeletal disorders by evaluating the successes of oligonucleotides to modify candidate pathological gene targets and cellular processes in relevant tissues and cells of the musculoskeletal system. Further, we discuss the challenges that remain for the clinical development of oligonucleotides therapies for musculoskeletal disorders and evaluate some of the current approaches to overcome these.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A. Nicholson
- MRC Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Michael Sagmeister
- Institute for Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Susanne N. Wijesinghe
- MRC Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Hussein Farah
- MRC Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Rowan S. Hardy
- Institute for Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Simon W. Jones
- MRC Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
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Increased Intake of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Is Associated with Reduced Odds of Low Hand Grip Strength in Korean Adults. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15020321. [PMID: 36678195 PMCID: PMC9862364 DOI: 10.3390/nu15020321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Nutritional status is thought to be one of the modifiable risk factors for muscle health. This study investigates the association between dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) intake and hand grip strength (HGS) in Korean adults. The cross-sectional analysis was performed on 18,278 participants aged ≥19 years enrolled in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2016-2019. Omega-3 PUFA consumption was positively linked to the dietary intake of nuts, fish, and shellfish in Korean adults. After adjusting for potential confounders, the results showed that increased omega-3 PUFA intake was associated with a decreased risk of low HGS (odds ratio (OR) for upper quartile (Q4) compared to Q1, men: OR = 1.42 (95% CI: 1.17-1.72), women: OR = 1.61 (1.37-1.89)). This inverse association was reported in people who did no resistance exercise or had an insufficient protein intake. In contrast, this association was not evident in adults who did resistance exercise or had sufficient protein intake. Furthermore, participants with hypertension or type 2 diabetes showed stronger associations between dietary omega-3 PUFA intake and HGS compared with other subgroups. These results suggest that dietary omega-3 PUFA intake positively related with HGS in Korean adults.
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Young MW, Granatosky MC, Avey‐Arroyo JA, Butcher MT, Dickinson E. Grip it good:
in vivo
grip force across substrate diameters in the brown‐throated three‐toed sloth (
Bradypus variegatus
). J Zool (1987) 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.13041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. W. Young
- Department of Anatomy New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine Old Westbury NY USA
| | - M. C. Granatosky
- Department of Anatomy New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine Old Westbury NY USA
- Center for Biomedical Innovation New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine Old Westbury NY USA
| | | | - M. T. Butcher
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences Youngstown State University Youngstown OH USA
| | - E. Dickinson
- Department of Anatomy New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine Old Westbury NY USA
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Wang Y, Wang Y, Li G, Zhang H, Yu H, Xiang J, Wang Z, Jiang X, Yan G, Liu Y, Wang C, Xiong H, Wang G, Shi H, Liu M. Associations of intermuscular adipose tissue and total muscle wasting score in PG-SGA with low muscle radiodensity and mass in nonmetastatic colorectal cancer: A two-center cohort study. Front Nutr 2022; 9:967902. [PMID: 36091250 PMCID: PMC9452825 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.967902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundsThe patient-generated subjective global assessment (PG-SGA) is one of the screening criteria for malnutrition, the skeletal muscle radiodensity (SMD) and skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) are associated with survival in colorectal cancer patients. Body composition parameters can be easily assessed; however, few studies have examined the association between total muscle wasting scores in PG-SGA and body composition parameters and two muscle abnormalities.MethodsThis cohort study included 1,637 stage I-III CRC patients from 2 clinical centers in China, who were enrolled in the training cohort (n = 1,005) and validation cohort (n = 632). Baseline data were collected prospectively from patients including age, BMI, staging, gait speed, hand grip strength (HGS), peak expiratory flow (PEF), neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT), visceral fat area (VFA) and total muscle wasting score in PG-SGA. Relevant risk factors were subjected to logistic regression analysis and Cox regression analysis to identify characteristics associated with muscle abnormalities and survival. Based on the logistic model results, normograms were established to predict muscle abnormalities, and its discrimination and calibration were assessed using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and calibration curve. The Kaplan-Meier curves were used to assess the survival of colorectal cancer patients with malnutrition or sarcopenia in an inflammatory state (assessed by NLR).ResultsThe mean age of all participants was 57.7 ± 10.6 years (56.9% males) and the prevalence of low SMD and low SMI was 32.2 and 39.5%, respectively. Low SMD rate was significantly associated with age, TNM stage, BMI, IMAT, walking speed, total muscle wasting score and NRS2002 score by logistic regression analysis (p < 0.05). Low SMI rate was significantly correlated with age, NLR, BMI, PEF, handgrip strength, calf circumference, walking speed, total muscle wasting score and NRS2002 score (p < 0.05). The AUCs of the diagnostic nomograms were 0.859 (95% CI, 0.831–0.886) for low SMD and 0.843 (95% CI, 0.813–0.871) for low SMI in the validation cohort. We also found that patients with colorectal cancer with malnutrition or sarcopenia had a worse prognosis when NLR ≥3.5.ConclusionMuscle abnormalities and malnutrition are strongly associated with mortality in patients with non-metastatic colorectal cancer. Early identification and intervention of the associated risk factors may offer new ways to improve patient prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Cancer Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yuliuming Wang
- Cancer Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Guodong Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Cancer Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hang Yu
- Cancer Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jun Xiang
- Cancer Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zitong Wang
- Cancer Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xia Jiang
- Cancer Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Guoqing Yan
- Cancer Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yunxiao Liu
- Cancer Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Chunlin Wang
- Cancer Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Huan Xiong
- Cancer Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Guiyu Wang
- Cancer Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hanping Shi
- Departments of Gastrointestinal Surgery and Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Cancer Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Ming Liu
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13
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Lu Y, Li G, Ferrari P, Freisling H, Qiao Y, Wu L, Shao L, Ke C. Associations of handgrip strength with morbidity and all-cause mortality of cardiometabolic multimorbidity. BMC Med 2022; 20:191. [PMID: 35655218 PMCID: PMC9164350 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-022-02389-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiometabolic multimorbidity (CM) is an increasing public health and clinical concern. However, predictors for the development and prognosis of CM are poorly understood. The aims of this study were to investigate the relation between handgrip strength (HGS) and the risk of CM and to examine the association of HGS with all-cause mortality risk among patients with CM. METHODS This prospective cohort study involved 493,774 participants from the UK Biobank. CM was defined as the simultaneous occurrence of two or more of the following conditions: type 2 diabetes, stroke, and coronary heart disease (CHD). Cox proportional hazards models were performed to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). RESULTS During a median follow-up of 12.1 years, 4701 incident CM cases were documented among participants with none cardiometabolic disease at baseline. Compared with the fourth quartile (Q4), the multivariable adjusted HR (95% CI) value of Q1 of HGS for developing CM was 1.46 (1.34-1.60). In participants with one cardiometabolic disease at baseline, participants in Q1 of HGS also possessed higher risk of CM than those in Q4, with HRs (95% CIs) being 1.35 (1.23-1.49) in patients with type 2 diabetes, 1.23 (1.04-1.46) in patients with stroke, and 1.23 (1.11-1.36) in patients with CHD. For participants with CM at recruitment, HGS was also associated with the risk of all-cause mortality (Q1 vs. Q4 HR: 1.57, 95% CI: 1.36-1.80). CONCLUSIONS Our study provided novel evidence that HGS could be an independent predictor of morbidity and all-cause mortality of CM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqiang Lu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Guochen Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Pietro Ferrari
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research On Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Heinz Freisling
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research On Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Yanan Qiao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Luying Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Liping Shao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaofu Ke
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China.
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Homing in on cognition with cross-sectional analysis of sarcopenia-related measurements: the SARCOG study. Aging Clin Exp Res 2022; 34:2149-2154. [PMID: 35583720 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-022-02145-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive impairment may cause significant decline in muscle function and physical performance via affecting the neuromotor control. AIM To investigate the relationship between cognition and sarcopenia-related parameters in middle-aged and older adults. METHODS Demographic data and comorbidities of adults ≥ 45-year-old were noted. The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) was used to evaluate global cognitive function. Sonographic anterior midthigh muscle thickness, handgrip strength, chair stand test (CST) and gait speed were measured. The diagnosis of sarcopenia was established if low muscle mass was combined with low muscle function. Dynapenia was defined as low grip strength or increased CST duration. RESULTS Among 1542 subjects (477 M, 1065 F), sarcopenia and dynapenia were detected in 22.6 and 17.2% of males, and 17.2 and 25.3% of females, respectively. Sarcopenic patients were older and had higher body mass index, higher frequencies of hypertension, diabetes mellitus and obesity. They had lower muscle thickness, grip strength in males only, CST performance in females only and gait speed than the other groups (all p < 0.05). Sarcopenic and dynapenic patients had similar MMSE scores which were lower than those of normal subjects (both p < 0.001). After adjusting for confounding factors, MMSE values were positively related with grip strength in females only, CST performance and gait speed (all p < 0.001); but not with muscle thickness in either gender. CONCLUSION Cognitive impairment may unfavorably affect muscle function and physical performance, but not muscle mass. Accordingly, its prompt management can help to decrease patient morbidity and mortality.
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15
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Bourdel-Marchasson I, Regueme SC, Kelson M, Poustis J, Barralon P, Laosa O, Rodriguez-Mañas L, Sinclair AJ. A Therapeutic Vibrating Insole Device for Postural Instability in Older People with Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Control Study. Diabetes Ther 2022; 13:995-1006. [PMID: 35322393 PMCID: PMC9076777 DOI: 10.1007/s13300-022-01246-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Frail older people with diabetes often present with or develop walking impairments, in part due to lower-limb sensory-motor neuropathy. Several studies suggest a possible improvement of balance control using somatosensory stimulation. We undertook a novel randomized control trial, the aim of which was to observe whether use of this device for 1 month improves walking speed as measured in the 10-m fast walking speed test standardized to body size at month 1 (M1) (FWS). Secondary outcomes were the differences between intervention (VS) and control (C) in the 10-m normal walking speed test, step length, short physical performance battery, timed up and go test, and posturographic measures. METHODS Subjects were aged ≥ 70 years and had had type 2 diabetes for at least 2 years. The intervention (VS) at home consisted of 22-min daily vibrating sequences with noise intensity set at 90% of the tactile threshold for each foot. The same device was used in group C but noise was set to 0. Compliance was retrieved from the device. RESULTS Among 56 subjects, 27 were in the VS group and 29 in the C group; 35 subjects were frail, 15 were prefrail ,and 6 were non-frail. Bilateral neuropathy was present in 17 subjects. More than half of sessions were done in 36 subjects with no discernible difference according to intervention. At M1 there were no discernible differences in FWS between the groups [VS: 0.96 (0.53) cm s-1 cm-1, C: 0.94 (0.47) cm s-1 cm-1]. There were also no discernible differences in other outcomes, irrespective of the presence of bilateral neuropathy. CONCLUSION In a cohort of frail, prefrail, or non-frail older subjects with diabetes, a 1-month intervention using a vibrating insole device did not alter measures of walking speed and related measures. Larger studies with longer term and different stimulation protocols are required to test this hypothesis more fully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Bourdel-Marchasson
- CNRS/Université de Bordeaux, UMR 5536 Résonance Magnétique des systèmes Biologiques, 33000, Bordeaux, France.
- CHU Bordeaux, Pole gérontologie clinique, 33000, Bordeaux, France.
| | - Sophie C Regueme
- CHU Bordeaux, Pole gérontologie clinique, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Mark Kelson
- Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
- University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Joël Poustis
- Hexabio SARL, 286 av Pasteur, 33600, Pessac, France
| | - Pierre Barralon
- TECNALIA, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Mikeletegi Pasealekua 2, 20009, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Olga Laosa
- Department of Geriatrics, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Alan J Sinclair
- Foundation for Diabetes Research in Older People at Diabetes Frail Ltd, Worcestershire, England, UK
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López-Bueno R, Andersen LL, Calatayud J, Casaña J, Grabovac I, Oberndorfer M, del Pozo Cruz B. Associations of handgrip strength with all-cause and cancer mortality in older adults: a prospective cohort study in 28 countries. Age Ageing 2022; 51:6593705. [PMID: 35639798 PMCID: PMC9351371 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afac117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background mixed evidence exists on the association between muscle strength and mortality in older adults, in particular for cancer mortality. Aim to examine the dose–response association of objectively handgrip strength with all-cause and cancer mortality. Study Design and Setting data from consecutive waves from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe comprising 27 European countries and Israel were retrieved. Overall, 54,807 men (45.2%; 128,753 observations) and 66,576 women (54.8%; 159,591 observations) aged 64.0 (SD 9.6) and 63.9 (SD 10.2) years, respectively, were included. Cox regression and Fine-Grey sub-distribution method were conducted. Results during the follow-up period (896,836 person-year), the fully adjusted model showed the lowest significant risk estimates for the highest third of handgrip strength when compared with the first third (reference) in men (hazard ratio [HR], 0.41; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.34–0.50) and women (HR, 0.38; 95% CI, 0.30–0.49) for all-cause mortality. We identified a maximal threshold for reducing the risk of all-cause mortality for men (42 kg) and women (25 kg), as well as a linear dose–response association in participants aged 65 or over. No robust association for cancer mortality was observed. Conclusion these results indicate an inverse dose–response association between incremental levels of handgrip and all-cause mortality in older adults up to 42 kg for men and 25 kg for women, and a full linear association for participants aged 65 years or over. These findings warrant preventive strategies for older adults with low levels of handgrip strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén López-Bueno
- Department of Physical Medicine and Nursing , University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment , Copenhagen, Denmark
- Exercise Intervention for Health Research Group (EXINH-RG) , Department of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Joaquín Calatayud
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment , Copenhagen, Denmark
- Exercise Intervention for Health Research Group (EXINH-RG) , Department of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - José Casaña
- Exercise Intervention for Health Research Group (EXINH-RG) , Department of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Igor Grabovac
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine , Centre for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Moritz Oberndorfer
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine , Centre for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Borja del Pozo Cruz
- Centre for Active and Healthy Ageing , Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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17
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Jiang X, Xu X, Ding L, Zhu H, Lu J, Zhao K, Zhu S, Xu Q. Predictive value of preoperative handgrip strength on postoperative outcomes in patients with gastrointestinal tumors: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Support Care Cancer 2022; 30:6451-6462. [PMID: 35316404 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-022-06983-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to explore the predictive value of preoperative handgrip strength on postoperative outcomes in patients with gastrointestinal tumors. METHODS Databases including Cochrane Library, Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science, and CINAHL Complete were searched for articles published from the establishment of database until August 7, 2021. Two researchers independently screened the literature, extracted the data, and evaluated the quality. RESULTS Eight studies were included, involving five prospective and three retrospective cohort studies with 2291 participants. The prevalence of preoperative low handgrip strength ranged from 11.8 to 62.7%. Preoperative low handgrip strength was associated with an increased risk of total complications (OR = 2.23, 95%CI = 1.43-3.50), pneumonia (OR = 5.16, 95%CI = 3.17-8.38), ileus (OR = 2.48, 95%CI = 1.09-5.65), and short-term mortality (OR = 7.28, 95%CI = 1.90-27.92). CONCLUSION This systematic review and meta-analysis indicated that preoperative HGS had important value to predict certain adverse postoperative outcomes among patients with GI tumors. Low handgrip strength criteria, definition of total complications, and country are the potential sources of heterogeneity, and more research are required to test and update these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoman Jiang
- School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Xinyi Xu
- Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, 4702, Australia
| | - Lingyu Ding
- School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Hanfei Zhu
- School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Jinling Lu
- Department of Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Kang Zhao
- School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Shuqin Zhu
- School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Qin Xu
- School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
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Phillipe de Lucena Alves C, Câmara M, Dantas Macêdo GA, Freire YA, de Melo Silva R, Paulo-Pereira R, Farias-Junior LF, Fayh APT, Mortatti AL, Costa EC. Agreement between upper and lower limb measures to identify older adults with low skeletal muscle strength, muscle mass and muscle quality. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262732. [PMID: 35061817 PMCID: PMC8782376 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identifying low skeletal muscle strength (SMS), skeletal muscle mass (SMM) and skeletal muscle quality (SMQ) is pivotal for diagnosing sarcopenia cases. Age-related declines in SMS, SMM, and SMQ are dissimilar between the upper (UL) and lower limbs (LL). Despite this, both UL and LL measures have been used to assess SMS, SMM and SMQ in older adults. However, it is not clear whether there is agreement between UL and LL measures to identify older adults with low SMS, SMM and SMQ. OBJECTIVE To investigate the agreement between UL and LL measures to identify older adults with low SMS, SMM and SMQ. METHODS Participants (n = 385; 66.1 ± 5.1 years; 75,4% females) performed the handgrip strength test (HGS) and the 30-s chair stand test (CST) to assess UL- and LL-SMS, respectively. The SMM was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The UL-SMQ was determined as: handgrip strength (kgf) ÷ arm SMM (kg). LL-SMQ was determined as: 30-s CST performance (repetitions) ÷ leg SMM (kg). Results below the 25th percentile stratified by sex and age group (60-69 and 70-80 years) were used to determine low SMS, SMM and SMQ. Cohen's kappa coefficient (κ) was used for the agreement analyses. RESULTS There was a slight and non-significant agreement between UL and LL measures to identify older adults with low SMS (κ = 0.046; 95% CI 0.093-0.185; p = 0.352). There was a moderate agreement to identify low SMM (κ = 0.473; 95% CI 0.371-0.574; p = 0.001) and a fair agreement to identify low SMQ (κ = 0.206; 95% CI 0.082 to 0.330; p = 0.005). CONCLUSION The agreement between UL and LL measures to identify older adults with low SMS, SMM and SMQ is limited, which might generate different clinical interpretations for diagnosing sarcopenia cases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcyo Câmara
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | | | - Yuri Alberto Freire
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Raíssa de Melo Silva
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Ronildo Paulo-Pereira
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Paula Trussardi Fayh
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Nutrition, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Arnaldo Luis Mortatti
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Caldas Costa
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Predicting physiological aging rates from a range of quantitative traits using machine learning. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:23471-23516. [PMID: 34718232 PMCID: PMC8580337 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
It is widely thought that individuals age at different rates. A method that measures “physiological age” or physiological aging rate independent of chronological age could therefore help elucidate mechanisms of aging and inform an individual’s risk of morbidity and mortality. Here we present machine learning frameworks for inferring individual physiological age from a broad range of biochemical and physiological traits including blood phenotypes (e.g., high-density lipoprotein), cardiovascular functions (e.g., pulse wave velocity) and psychological traits (e.g., neuroticism) as main groups in two population cohorts SardiNIA (~6,100 participants) and InCHIANTI (~1,400 participants). The inferred physiological age was highly correlated with chronological age (R2 > 0.8). We further defined an individual’s physiological aging rate (PAR) as the ratio of the predicted physiological age to the chronological age. Notably, PAR was a significant predictor of survival, indicating an effect of aging rate on mortality. Our trait-based PAR was correlated with DNA methylation-based epigenetic aging score (r = 0.6), suggesting that both scores capture a common aging process. PAR was also substantially heritable (h2~0.3), and a subsequent genome-wide association study of PAR identified significant associations with two genetic loci, one of which is implicated in telomerase activity. Our findings support PAR as a proxy for an underlying whole-body aging mechanism. PAR may thus be useful to evaluate the efficacy of treatments that target aging-related deficits and controllable epidemiological factors.
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20
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Raja Adnan RNE, Mat Din H, Ashari A, Minhat HS. Effectiveness of a Community-Based Muscle Strengthening Exercise Program to Increase Muscle Strength Among Pre-frail Older Persons in Malaysia: A Pilot Study. Front Public Health 2021; 9:610184. [PMID: 33968874 PMCID: PMC8097036 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.610184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Deterioration in muscle mass and muscle strength is common among the frail older persons, cause functional dependence and decrease in the quality of life. Therefore, the identification of cost-effective interventions to prevent or ameliorate frailty is crucially needed. The aim of this study is to determine the effectiveness of a Community-based Muscle Strengthening Exercise (COME) program to increase muscle strength among pre-frail older persons. This study was a quasi-experimental study. A total of 32 older persons aged 60 years and older with pre-frail symptoms were recruited from the community center. The COME was developed based on the Growing Stronger program and the Otago Home Exercise Program. COME was designed to strengthen all of the major muscle groups in the upper and lower extremities. The exercise program was conducted for 12 weeks and divided into 3 parts; (1) to strengthen the body slowly and gently, using only body weight, (2) to introduce dumbbells and ankle weights to increase strength and (3) to add various new ways to boost strength even more. Functional tests were measured before and after the intervention. The results revealed non-significant p-value for pre- and post-intervention comparison for all study outcomes. Observing the values of mean difference, the study intervention was shown to have slightly improved the time up and go (Mean difference = -0.25), and sit-to-stand duration (Mean difference = -0.41) as well as the handgrip strength (Mean difference = 0.68) among the participants. On the assessment of Cohen ES, all three improvements exhibited small effect sizes. Sit-to-stand duration was shown to have most benefited from the intervention with highest ES among the outcome variables (ES = 0.20). COME intervention program among pre-frail older persons showed favorable trend toward improvement of upper and lower extremities muscle strength. This study should be further tested in randomized control trial to confirm its effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raja Nurzatul Efah Raja Adnan
- Medical Gerontology Laboratory, Malaysian Research Institute on Ageing, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Hazwan Mat Din
- Medical Gerontology Laboratory, Malaysian Research Institute on Ageing, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Asmidawati Ashari
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Faculty of Human Ecology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Halimatus Sakdiah Minhat
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
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21
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Sipilä S, Tirkkonen A, Savikangas T, Hänninen T, Laukkanen P, Alen M, Fielding RA, Kivipelto M, Kulmala J, Rantanen T, Sihvonen SE, Sillanpää E, Stigsdotter Neely A, Törmäkangas T. Effects of physical and cognitive training on gait speed and cognition in older adults: A randomized controlled trial. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2021; 31:1518-1533. [PMID: 33772877 DOI: 10.1111/sms.13960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Gait speed is a measure of health and functioning. Physical and cognitive determinants of gait are amenable to interventions, but best practices remain unclear. We investigated the effects of a 12-month physical and cognitive training (PTCT) on gait speed, dual-task cost in gait speed, and executive functions (EFs) compared with physical training (PT) (ISRCTN52388040). Community-dwelling older adults, who did not meet physical activity recommendations, were recruited (n = 314). PT included supervised walking/balance (once weekly) and resistance/balance training (once weekly), home exercises (2-3 times weekly), and moderate aerobic activity 150 min/week in bouts of >10 min. PTCT included the PT and computer training (CT) on EFs 15-20 min, 3-4 times weekly. The primary outcome was gait speed. Secondary outcomes were 6-min walking distance, dual-task cost in gait speed, and EF (Stroop and Trail Making B-A). The trial was completed by 93% of the participants (age 74.5 [SD3.8] years; 60% women). Mean adherence to supervised sessions was 59%-72% in PT and 62%-77% in PTCT. Home exercises and CT were performed on average 1.9 times/week. Weekly minutes spent in aerobic activities were 188 (median 169) in PT and 207 (median 180) in PTCT. No significant interactions were observed for gait speed (PTCT-PT, 0.02; 95%CI -0.03, 0.08), walking distance (-3.8; -16.9, 9.3) or dual-task cost (-0.22; -1.74, 1.30). Stroop improvement was greater after PTCT than PT (-6.9; -13.0, -0.8). Complementing physical training with EFs training is not essential for promotion of gait speed. For EF's, complementing physical training with targeted cognitive training provides additional benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarianna Sipilä
- Gerontology Research Center and Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Anna Tirkkonen
- Gerontology Research Center and Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Tiina Savikangas
- Gerontology Research Center and Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Tuomo Hänninen
- NeuroCenter, Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Pia Laukkanen
- Gerontology Research Center and Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Markku Alen
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Roger A Fielding
- Nutrition, Exercise Physiology, and Sarcopenia Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Miia Kivipelto
- Population Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.,Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, NVS, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Institute of Clinical Medicine/Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Neuroepidemiology and Ageing Research Unit, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jenni Kulmala
- Population Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.,Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, NVS, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Faculty of Social Sciences (Health Sciences) and Gerontology Research Centre (GEREC), Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Taina Rantanen
- Gerontology Research Center and Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Sanna E Sihvonen
- School of Health and Social Studies, Jyväskylä University of Applied Sciences, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Elina Sillanpää
- Gerontology Research Center and Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Anna Stigsdotter Neely
- Department of Social and Psychological Studies, Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden.,Engineering Psychology, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden
| | - Timo Törmäkangas
- Gerontology Research Center and Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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Characteristics of the Electrophysiological Properties of Neuromuscular Motor Units and Its Adaptive Strategy Response in Lower Extremity Muscles for Seniors with Pre-Sarcopenia: A Preliminary Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18063063. [PMID: 33809692 PMCID: PMC8002219 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18063063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Older adults with sarcopenia, which is an aging-related phenomenon of muscle mass loss, usually suffer from decreases in both strength and functional performance. However, the causality between function loss and physiological changes is unclear. This study aimed to explore the motor unit characteristics of the neurological factors between normal subjects and those with sarcopenia. Five risk-sarcopenia (age: 66.20 ± 4.44), five healthy (age: 69.00 ± 2.35), and twelve young (age: 21.33 ± 1.15) participants were selected. Each participant performed knee extension exercises at a 50% level of maximal voluntary isometric contraction. Next, electromyogram (EMG) signals were collected, and information on each parameter—e.g., motor unit number, recruitment threshold, the slope of the mean firing rate to recruitment threshold, y-intercept, firing rate per unit force, and mean motor unit firing rate (MFR)—was extracted to analyze muscle fiber discrimination (MFD). Meanwhile, force variance was used to observe the stability between two muscle groups. The results suggested that there was no difference between the three groups for motor unit number, recruitment threshold, y-intercept, mean firing rate, and motor unit discrimination (p > 0.05). However, the slope of MFR and firing rate per unit force in the risk-sarcopenia group were significantly higher than in the young group (p < 0.05). Regarding muscle performance, the force variance in the non-sarcopenia group was significantly higher than the young group (p < 0.05), while the risk-sarcopenia group showed a higher trend than the young group. This study demonstrated some neuromuscular characters between sarcopenia and healthy elderly and young people when performing the same level of leg exercise tasks. This difference may provide some hints for discovering aging-related strength and function loss. Future studies should consider combining the in vivo measurement of muscle fiber type to clarify whether this EMG difference is related to the loss of muscle strength or mass before recruiting symptomatic elderly participants for further investigation.
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Lee K. Weight underestimation and weight nonregulation behavior may be related to weak grip strength. Nutr Res 2021; 87:41-48. [PMID: 33596510 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2020.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The hypothesis of this study is that weight-related behaviors such as weight perception and weight control efforts may be related to health indicators such as grip strength as an indicator of muscle strength. This cross-sectional study aimed to prove this hypothesis by assessment of the associations of perceived weight status, weight misperceptions, and weight control efforts with grip strength. A questionnaire and measurements were used to assess the perceived weight status, weight control efforts, weight control methods, weight misperceptions, grip strength (sarcopenic vs normal), and confounding factors (measured body mass index, sociodemographic characteristics, concurrent chronic diseases, high sensitivity C-reactive protein, depressive mood, health-related quality of life, health behaviors, and protein intake) among 12,727 adults (men, 43.1%; 51.0 ± 16.6 years old) using the 2015 to 2017 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. In fully adjusted models, the odds of sarcopenic grip strength tended to increase with thinner weight perceptions (P for trend <.001). Sarcopenic grip strength was inversely associated with accurate estimation or overestimation of weight (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.64-0.68) and weight loss/maintenance efforts (aOR 0.68-0.73) compared with underestimation of weight and nonweight control efforts. These findings were consistent across sex and weight status, and were found among participants aged 60 years or older but not less than 60 years. In conclusion, this study supports the research hypothesis that the perception of one's own weight, the accuracy of the perceived weight, and the weight control efforts may be related to weak handgrip strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayoung Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Busan Paik Hospital, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea.
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Wilhelmsen A, Tsintzas K, Jones SW. Recent advances and future avenues in understanding the role of adipose tissue cross talk in mediating skeletal muscle mass and function with ageing. GeroScience 2021; 43:85-110. [PMID: 33528828 PMCID: PMC8050140 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-021-00322-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia, broadly defined as the age-related decline in skeletal muscle mass, quality, and function, is associated with chronic low-grade inflammation and an increased likelihood of adverse health outcomes. The regulation of skeletal muscle mass with ageing is complex and necessitates a delicate balance between muscle protein synthesis and degradation. The secretion and transfer of cytokines, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs), both discretely and within extracellular vesicles, have emerged as important communication channels between tissues. Some of these factors have been implicated in regulating skeletal muscle mass, function, and pathologies and may be perturbed by excessive adiposity. Indeed, adipose tissue participates in a broad spectrum of inter-organ communication and obesity promotes the accumulation of macrophages, cellular senescence, and the production and secretion of pro-inflammatory factors. Pertinently, age-related sarcopenia has been reported to be more prevalent in obesity; however, such effects are confounded by comorbidities and physical activity level. In this review, we provide evidence that adiposity may exacerbate age-related sarcopenia and outline some emerging concepts of adipose-skeletal muscle communication including the secretion and processing of novel myokines and adipokines and the role of extracellular vesicles in mediating inter-tissue cross talk via lncRNAs and miRNAs in the context of sarcopenia, ageing, and obesity. Further research using advances in proteomics, transcriptomics, and techniques to investigate extracellular vesicles, with an emphasis on translational, longitudinal human studies, is required to better understand the physiological significance of these factors, the impact of obesity upon them, and their potential as therapeutic targets in combating muscle wasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Wilhelmsen
- MRC Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - Kostas Tsintzas
- MRC Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK.
| | - Simon W Jones
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, MRC Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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25
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Padilla Colón CJ, Toledo GJ. Relationship between Obesity, Sarcopenia, Sarcopenic Obesity, and Dynapenia in the Elderly. TRANSLATIONAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF SPORTS MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.1249/tjx.0000000000000152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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The Impact of Participants' Anthropometry on Muscle Activation Levels While Interacting with the Level of Expertise, Task Type, and Single Muscles. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2020; 5:jfmk5040088. [PMID: 33467303 PMCID: PMC7739408 DOI: 10.3390/jfmk5040088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In this research paper, we implemented a mixed factor design in order to investigate the effect of four anthropometries: height, weight, lower-arm dimensions, and upper-arm dimensions on the muscle activation level of participants when interacting with three types of moderators: experiment expertise, task type, and muscle type. The research paper focused on two levels of expertise (novice and expert), two tasks (deck-building and picket installation), and four arm muscles (Brachioradialis (BR), Extensor Carpi Ulnaris (ECU), Flexor Carpi Radialis (FCR), and Flexor Carpi Ulnaris (FCU)), which resulted in 16 (2 × 2 × 4) groups. For each of the 16 groups, the data were analyzed in order to investigate the relationship between the four anthropometries and the four muscle activation levels of the participants. Amos software (IBM, Armonk, NY, USA), along with multiple group structural equation modeling, was used to test a total of 16 direct relationships, as well as the moderation effects in the designed experiment. The results show that the participants' expertise can moderate the relationship between their height and muscle activation levels, the relationship between their weight and muscle activation levels, and the relationship between their lower arm dimensions and muscle activation levels. Moreover, the findings of this research paper demonstrate that the relationship between the lower arm dimensions and muscle activation levels, and the relationship between weight and muscle activation levels are moderated by the type of muscle used by the participants (i.e., BR, ECU, FCR, and FCU).
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Morgan PT, Smeuninx B, Breen L. Exploring the Impact of Obesity on Skeletal Muscle Function in Older Age. Front Nutr 2020; 7:569904. [PMID: 33335909 PMCID: PMC7736105 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.569904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is of important clinical relevance for loss of independence in older adults. The prevalence of obesity in combination with sarcopenia (“sarcopenic-obesity”) is increasing at a rapid rate. However, whilst the development of sarcopenia is understood to be multi-factorial and harmful to health, the role of obesity from a protective and damaging perspective on skeletal muscle in aging, is poorly understood. Specifically, the presence of obesity in older age may be accompanied by a greater volume of skeletal muscle mass in weight-bearing muscles compared with lean older individuals, despite impaired physical function and resistance to anabolic stimuli. Collectively, these findings support a potential paradox in which obesity may protect skeletal muscle mass in older age. One explanation for these paradoxical findings may be that the anabolic response to weight-bearing activity could be greater in obese vs. lean older individuals due to a larger mechanical stimulus, compensating for the heightened muscle anabolic resistance. However, it is likely that there is a complex interplay between muscle, adipose, and external influences in the aging process that are ultimately harmful to health in the long-term. This narrative briefly explores some of the potential mechanisms regulating changes in skeletal muscle mass and function in aging combined with obesity and the interplay with sarcopenia, with a particular focus on muscle morphology and the regulation of muscle proteostasis. In addition, whilst highly complex, we attempt to provide an updated summary for the role of obesity from a protective and damaging perspective on muscle mass and function in older age. We conclude with a brief discussion on treatment of sarcopenia and obesity and a summary of future directions for this research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul T Morgan
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Benoit Smeuninx
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,Cellular & Molecular Metabolism Laboratory, Monash Institute of Pharmacological Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Leigh Breen
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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Zhuang CL, Zhang FM, Li W, Wang KH, Xu HX, Song CH, Guo ZQ, Shi HP. Associations of low handgrip strength with cancer mortality: a multicentre observational study. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2020; 11:1476-1486. [PMID: 32910535 PMCID: PMC7749566 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Handgrip strength (HGS) is associated with poor clinical outcomes, including all-cause, non-cardiovascular, and cardiovascular mortalities. The published cut-off points for HGS are mostly based on community populations from Western countries, lacking information on cancer patients from China. The objective of this study was to establish sex-specific cut-off points for Chinese cancer patients and investigate the effect of low HGS on cancer mortality. METHODS We did a retrospective cohort study of patients who were diagnosed with malignant cancer from June 2012 to December 2018. HGS was measured using a hand dynamometer in 8257 cancer patients. Optimal stratification was used to solve threshold points. The hazard ratio (HR) of all cancer mortality and cancer-specific mortality was calculated using Cox proportional hazard regression models. RESULTS Among all participants, there were 3902 (47.3%) women and 4355 (52.7%) men. The median age was 58 years old. The cut-off points of HGS to best classify patients with respect to time to mortality were <16.1 kg for women and <22 kg for men. Low HGS was associated with overall cancer mortality in both women and men [HR = 1.339, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.170-1.531, P < 0.001; HR = 1.346, 95% CI = 1.176-1.540, P < 0.001, respectively]. For specific cancer types, low HGS was associated with breast cancer (HR = 1.593, 95% CI = 1.230-2.063, P < 0.001) in women, and lung cancer (HR = 1.369, 95% CI = 1.005-1.866, P = 0.047) and colorectal cancer (HR = 1.399, 95% CI = 1.007-1.944, P = 0.045) in men. CONCLUSIONS On the basis of our sex-specific cut-off points, low HGS was strongly associated with cancer mortalities. These results indicate the usefulness of HGS measurement in routine clinical practice for improving patient assessments, cancer prognosis, and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Le Zhuang
- Colorectal Cancer Center, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng-Min Zhang
- Colorectal Cancer Center, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Li
- Cancer Center of the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Kun-Hua Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Institute of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Hong-Xia Xu
- Department of Nutrition, Daping Hospital & Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chun-Hua Song
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zeng-Qing Guo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Han-Ping Shi
- Departments of Gastrointestinal Surgery and Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Kozakai R, Nishita Y, Otsuka R, Ando F, Shimokata H. Age-Related Changes in Physical Fitness Among Community-Living Middle-Aged and Older Japanese: A 12-Year Longitudinal Study. RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT 2020; 91:662-675. [PMID: 32053478 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2019.1697418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Physical fitness is one of the key factors in healthy aging. Although physical fitness is widely recognized to decline with age, age-related decreases in the individual dimensions of physical fitness in later life are less clear. Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to describe the age-related changes in six fitness components covering a variety of motor dimensions in men and women through a 12-year longitudinal epidemiological study. Method: Participants were randomly selected community-living men (n = 1,139) and women (n = 1,128) aged 40 to 79 years at baseline who were repeatedly tested over a mean (standard deviation) follow-up period of 9.8 (3.4) years with a mean of 4.9 (2.3) examinations. The six physical fitness tests were sit-and-reach, grip strength, sit-ups, one-leg standing, reaction time and leg extension power. The effect of age on each physical fitness task was analyzed using a mixed-effects model controlling for habitual physical activity level. Results: The fixed effect of the interaction of age and time in all fitness tests was significant in men. Higher age at baseline was significantly associated with a greater decrease over time except in one-leg standing. In women, no significant interaction effect of age and time was found in grip strength or reaction time. Age-related changes in grip strength and reaction time were constant with increasing age. Conclusion: Twelve-year longitudinal data showed that the age-related decrease in physical fitness over time, especially musculoskeletal fitness in men, was pronounced, whereas in women, the decrease was less pronounced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rumi Kozakai
- Hokusho University
- National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology
| | | | - Rei Otsuka
- National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology
| | - Fujiko Ando
- National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology
- Aichi Shukutoku University
| | - Hiroshi Shimokata
- National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology
- Nagoya University of Arts and Sciences
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30
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Bahat G, Tufan A, Kilic C, Karan MA, Cruz-Jentoft AJ. Prevalence of sarcopenia and its components in community-dwelling outpatient older adults and their relation with functionality. Aging Male 2020; 23:424-430. [PMID: 30290756 DOI: 10.1080/13685538.2018.1511976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Sarcopenia is recognized with its adverse functional outcomes. We aimed to report the prevalence of European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) defined sarcopenia and its individual components in community dwelling outpatient older adults and study the correlations of EWGSOP defined sarcopenia, muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical performance with functional status. MATERIAL AND METHODS The subjects were prospectively recruited from the geriatrics outpatient clinics of our university hospital. Body composition was assessed with bioimpedance analysis. Muscle strength was assessed by measurement of hand grip strength with hydraulic hand dynamometer, physical performance was assessed by 4 meter usual gait speed (UGS). Impaired muscle function was defined as presence of low muscle strength and or slow gait speed. As a measure of functionality, modified version of Katz activities of daily living (ADL) and Lawton instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) were assessed. RESULTS A total of 242 community dwelling outpatients with mean age of 79.4 ± 5.7 years were enrolled. 31.8% were male. Prevalence of low muscle mass was 2.1% and impaired muscle function was 71.1%. Prevalence of EWGSOP defined sarcopenia was 0.8% (1.3% in men and 0.6% in women). Most correlated parameter with ADL and IADL was the usual gait speed (r = 0.49, r = 0.63; p < .001, respectively). Grip strength was also correlated with ADL and IADL (r = 0.28, r = 0.35; p < .001). However, the skeletal muscle mass index (SMMI) was not correlated with ADL, IADL (p = .22, p = .22, respectively). In regression analysis, both ADL score and IADL scores were most related to UGS (beta = 0.5 and 0.6, p < .001), age (beta = -0.25 and -0.2, p < .001) and then sarcopenia (beta = 0.1 and 0.1, p < .05) but was not related to hand grip strength or SMMI. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of sarcopenia was low as 0.8% albeit the presence of impaired muscle function in more than 2/3 of the cases. We have found that EWGSOP defined sarcopenia had association with ADL and IADL. The gait speed component of sarcopenia had the strongest associations with functional measures but SMMI component did not have any relation. We suggest that although low muscle mass may be a parameter related to worse functionality, it should not be regarded prerequisite for presence of sarcopenia analogous to low bone mineral density for osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulistan Bahat
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, Istanbul Medical School, Istanbul University, Capa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Asli Tufan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, Marmara University Hospital, Pendik, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cihan Kilic
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, Istanbul Medical School, Istanbul University, Capa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Akif Karan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, Istanbul Medical School, Istanbul University, Capa, Istanbul, Turkey
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Chen HJ, Chen PY, Kao CL, Sung WH. Smartphone frailty screening: Development of a quantitative early detection method for the frailty syndrome. J Chin Med Assoc 2020; 83:1039-1047. [PMID: 32773591 PMCID: PMC7647447 DOI: 10.1097/jcma.0000000000000409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Frailty syndrome in older population generates formidable social cost. The early detection of "prefrail" stage is essential so that interventions could be performed to prevent deterioration. The purpose of this study was to organize appropriate physical performance tests into a computerized early frailty screening platform, called frailty assessment tools (FAT) system, to detect individuals who are in the prefrail stage. METHODS Four switches, one distance meter, and one power measure were adopted to build the FAT system that could perform six physical performance tests including single leg standing (SLS), repeated chair rise, timed up and go, self-selected walking speed, functional reach, and grip power. Participants over 65 years old were recruited and classified into three groups according to Fried criteria. The differences in variables between prefrail and robust groups were compared by the χ test, independent samples t test, and Mann-Whitney U test, for nominal variables, normal, and non-normal distributive continuous variables, respectively. The statistically significant level was set at 0.05 (α = 0.05). RESULTS Only SLS did not reach significance to distinguish prefrail from robust. Among 35 participants (73.23 ± 5.70 years old), the FAT score predicted that 90.73 ± 19.95% of pre-frail subjects and 15.01 ± 25.25% of robust subjects were in the prefrail stage. CONCLUSION The FAT system, which provides results immediately, is an advantageous alternative to traditional manual measurements. The use of the FAT score for predicting the prefrail stage will help to provide early intervention to prevent individuals from progressing into frailty. The FAT system provides a more convenient and comprehensive frailty screening. Using this computerized automatic screening platform, it may be possible to expand the scope of frailty prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Ju Chen
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Taipei Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, New Taipei City, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Physical Therapy and Assistive Technology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Po-Yin Chen
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chung-Lan Kao
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wen-Hsu Sung
- Department of Physical Therapy and Assistive Technology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Address correspondence. Dr. Wen-Hsu Sung, Department of Physical Therapy and Assistive Technology, National Yang-Ming University, 155, Section 2, Linong Street, Taipei 112, Taiwan, ROC. E-mail address: (W.-H. Sung)
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Kocak MZ, Aktas G, Atak B, Bilgin S, Kurtkulagi O, Duman TT, Ozcil IE. THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN VITAMIN D LEVELS AND HANDGRIP STRENGTH IN ELDERLY MEN. ACTA ENDOCRINOLOGICA-BUCHAREST 2020; 16:263-266. [PMID: 33029248 DOI: 10.4183/aeb.2020.263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Context Vitamin D is a steroid hormone that acts by binding to the vitamin D receptor (VDR) found in many tissues. According to the long-term mechanism, vitamin D causes the proliferation and differentiation of muscle cells by gene transcription. Objective We aimed to evaluate the relationship between muscle strength and serum vitamin D levels in elderly men. Design Cross-sectional study. Subjects and Methods Male patients over age 50 were included in the study. Study population was divided into 2 groups with handgrip strength according to body mass index, either as subjects with weak or with normal handgrip strength test (HGST). Vitamin D levels and other variables compared between weak and normal groups. Results Vitamin D level of weak and normal groups were 7.5 (3-19.9) μg/L, and 11.6 (11.6-34.9) μg/L, which means significant reduced vitamin D levels in weakness group (p=0.01). Vitamin D levels were significantly correlated with HGST levels (r:0.362, p=0.001). Vitamin D levels were found to be an independent predictor of weakness according to HGST in logistic regression analysis (OR: 0.453, 95% Cl:0.138-0.769, p=0.05). Conclusions Low vitamin D level is an independent risk factor for muscle weakness in men aged more than 50 years. Therefore, vitamin D levels should be screened and early replacement should be initiated for the sake of improvement of muscle strength in elderly subjects that vulnerable for frailty.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Z Kocak
- Abant Izzet Baysal University Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Bolu, Turkey
| | - G Aktas
- Abant Izzet Baysal University Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Bolu, Turkey
| | - B Atak
- Abant Izzet Baysal University Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Bolu, Turkey
| | - S Bilgin
- Abant Izzet Baysal University Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Bolu, Turkey
| | - O Kurtkulagi
- Abant Izzet Baysal University Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Bolu, Turkey
| | - T T Duman
- Abant Izzet Baysal University Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Bolu, Turkey
| | - I E Ozcil
- Abant Izzet Baysal University Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Bolu, Turkey
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Koivunen K, Sillanpää E, von Bonsdorff M, Sakari R, Törmäkangas T, Rantanen T. Mortality Risk Among Older People Who Did Versus Did Not Sustain a Fracture: Baseline Prefracture Strength and Gait Speed as Predictors in a 15-Year Follow-Up. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2020; 75:1996-2002. [PMID: 31628484 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glz251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physiological reserve, as indicated by muscle strength and gait speed, may be especially determinant of survival in people who are exposed to a health stressor. We studied whether the association between strength/speed and mortality risk would be stronger in the time period after a fracture compared to other time periods. METHODS Participants were population-based sample of 157 men and 325 women aged 75 and 80 years at baseline. Maximal 10-m gait speed and maximal isometric grip and knee extension strength were tested at the baseline before the fracture. Subsequent fracture incidence and mortality were followed up for 15 years. Cox regression analysis was used to estimate fracture time-stratified effects of gait speed and muscle strength on mortality risk in three states: (i) nonfracture state, (ii) the first postfracture year, and (iii) after the first postfracture year until death/end of follow-up. RESULTS During the follow-up, 20% of the men and 44% of the women sustained a fracture. In both sexes, lower gait speed and in women lower knee extension strength was associated with increased mortality risk in the nonfracture state. During the first postfracture year, the mortality risk associated with slower gait and lower strength was increased and higher than in the nonfracture state. After the first postfracture year, mortality risk associated with lower gait speed and muscle strength attenuated. CONCLUSIONS Lower gait speed and muscle strength were more strongly associated with mortality risk after fracture than during nonfracture time, which may indicate decreased likelihood of recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaisa Koivunen
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences and Gerontology Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Elina Sillanpää
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences and Gerontology Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Mikaela von Bonsdorff
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences and Gerontology Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, Finland.,Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ritva Sakari
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences and Gerontology Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Timo Törmäkangas
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences and Gerontology Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Taina Rantanen
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences and Gerontology Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, Finland
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Cawthon PM, Manini T, Patel SM, Newman A, Travison T, Kiel DP, Santanasto AJ, Ensrud KE, Xue QL, Shardell M, Duchowny K, Erlandson KM, Pencina KM, Fielding RA, Magaziner J, Kwok T, Karlsson M, Ohlsson C, Mellström D, Hirani V, Ribom E, Correa-de-Araujo R, Bhasin S. Putative Cut-Points in Sarcopenia Components and Incident Adverse Health Outcomes: An SDOC Analysis. J Am Geriatr Soc 2020; 68:1429-1437. [PMID: 32633824 PMCID: PMC7508260 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.16517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Analyses performed by the Sarcopenia Definitions and Outcomes Consortium (SDOC) identified cut-points in several metrics of grip strength for consideration in a definition of sarcopenia. We describe the associations between the SDOC-identified metrics of low grip strength (absolute or standardized to body size/composition); low dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) lean mass as previously defined in the literature (appendicular lean mass [ALM]/ht2 ); and slowness (walking speed <.8 m/s) with subsequent adverse outcomes (falls, hip fractures, mobility limitation, and mortality). DESIGN Individual-level, sex-stratified pooled analysis. We calculated odds ratios (ORs) or hazard ratios (HRs) for incident falls, mobility limitation, hip fractures, and mortality. Follow-up time ranged from 1 year for falls to 8.8 ± 2.3 years for mortality. SETTING Eight prospective observational cohort studies. PARTICIPANTS A total of 13,421 community-dwelling men and 4,828 community-dwelling women. MEASUREMENTS Grip strength by hand dynamometry, gait speed, and lean mass by DXA. RESULTS Low grip strength (absolute or standardized to body size/composition) was associated with incident outcomes, usually independently of slowness, in both men and women. ORs and HRs generally ranged from 1.2 to 3.0 for those below vs above the cut-point. DXA lean mass was not consistently associated with these outcomes. When considered together, those who had both muscle weakness by absolute grip strength (<35.5 kg in men and <20 kg in women) and slowness were consistently more likely to have a fall, hip fracture, mobility limitation, or die than those without either slowness or muscle weakness. CONCLUSION Older men and women with both muscle weakness and slowness have a higher likelihood of adverse health outcomes. These results support the inclusion of grip strength and walking speed as components in a summary definition of sarcopenia. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:1429-1437, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peggy M. Cawthon
- Research Institute, California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, California
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | | | - Sheena M. Patel
- Research Institute, California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, California
| | - Anne Newman
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Thomas Travison
- Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Department of Medicine Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Douglas P. Kiel
- Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Department of Medicine Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Adam J. Santanasto
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Kristine E. Ensrud
- Center for Chronic Disease Outcomes Research, Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Qian-Li Xue
- Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology and Center on Aging and Health, Johns Hopkins Medical Institute, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Michelle Shardell
- Longitudinal Studies Section, The National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Kate Duchowny
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | | | - Karol M. Pencina
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Roger A. Fielding
- Nutrition, Exercise, Physiology, and Sarcopenia Laboratory, Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jay Magaziner
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Timothy Kwok
- Department of Medicine & Therapeutics and School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Magnus Karlsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmo, Lund University, Malmo, Sweden
| | - Claes Ohlsson
- Centre of Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Dan Mellström
- Centre of Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Vasant Hirani
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Eva Ribom
- Department of surgical sciences, Orthopeadic Unit, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Shalender Bhasin
- Boston Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Bae KH, Jo YH, Lee DR, Lee J. Trajectories of Handgrip Strength and Their Associations with Mortality among Older Adults in Korea: Analysis of the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging. Korean J Fam Med 2020; 42:38-46. [PMID: 32456407 PMCID: PMC7884901 DOI: 10.4082/kjfm.19.0140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Handgrip strength (HGS) is a good predictor of adverse health outcomes in later life. This prospective study aimed to investigate whether HGS trajectory patterns were associated with all-cause mortality among older adults in Korea. METHODS This study used the database of the 2006-2016 Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging. Study participants included 3,069 adults aged ≥65 years without a previous history of cancer. The trajectory model was developed to identify different homogeneous trajectory patterns of HGS according to study period. Cox proportional hazards models were then applied to investigate the association between HGS and all-cause mortality. RESULTS The survival probability according to HGS during the follow-up period decreased as base HGS weakened. We identified four distinct trajectory groups of HGS among men and three among women. The risk of mortality increased as the HGS of both males and females decreased. Compared with the highest HGS group, the adjusted hazard ratios for all-cause mortality of the lowest, lower-mid, and upper-mid HGS groups among males were 3.46 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.17-6.69), 2.26 (95% CI, 1.47-3.48), and 1.58 (95% CI, 1.07-2.32). Those of the low and mid HGS groups among females were 2.69 (95% CI, 1.39-5.21) and 1.97 (95% CI, 1.05-3.69). CONCLUSION The faster HGS declined over time, the greater the all-cause mortality risk increased compared with the slowly decreasing or maintained HGS groups among men and women. HGS measurement among older adults will be helpful in assessing their health statuses and pre-assessing disease-associated morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Hyun Bae
- Department of Family Medicine, Wonkwang University Sanbon Hospital, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Gunpo, Korea
| | - Yong Ho Jo
- Department of Family Medicine, Wonkwang University Sanbon Hospital, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Gunpo, Korea
| | - Dong Ryul Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Wonkwang University Sanbon Hospital, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Gunpo, Korea
| | - Jungun Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Wonkwang University Sanbon Hospital, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Gunpo, Korea
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Cawthon PM, Parimi N, Langsetmo L, Cauley JA, Ensrud KE, Cummings SR, Lane NE, Hoffman AR, Lapidus J, Gill TM, McCulloch CE, Stefanick ML, Kado DM, Drieling R, Orwoll ES. Individual and joint trajectories of change in bone, lean mass and physical performance in older men. BMC Geriatr 2020; 20:161. [PMID: 32370738 PMCID: PMC7201689 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-020-01560-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Declines in bone, muscle and physical performance are associated with adverse health outcomes in older adults. However, few studies have described concurrent age-related patterns of change in these factors. The purpose of this study was to characterize change in four properties of muscle, physical performance, and bone in a prospective cohort study of older men. METHODS Using repeated longitudinal data from up to four visits across 6.9 years from up to 4681 men (mean age at baseline 72.7 yrs. ±5.3) participating in the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) Study, we used group-based trajectory models (PROC TRAJ in SAS) to identify age-related patterns of change in four properties of muscle, physical performance, and bone: total hip bone mineral (BMD) density (g/m2) and appendicular lean mass/ht2 (kg/m2), by DXA; grip strength (kg), by hand dynamometry; and walking speed (m/s), by usual walking pace over 6 m. We also described joint trajectories in all pair-wise combinations of these measures. Mean posterior probabilities of placement in each trajectory (or joint membership in latent groups) were used to assess internal reliability of the model. The number of trajectories for each individual factor was limited to three, to ensure that the pair-wise determination of joint trajectories would yield a tractable number of groups as well as model fit considerations. RESULTS The patterns of change identified were generally similar for all measures, with three district groups declining over time at roughly similar rates; joint trajectories revealed similar patterns with no cross-over or convergence between groups. Mean posterior probabilities for all trajectories were similar and consistently above 0.8 indicating reasonable model fit to the data. CONCLUSIONS Our description of trajectories of change with age in bone mineral density, grip strength, walking speed and appendicular lean mass found that groups identified by these methods appeared to have little crossover or convergence of change with age, even when considering joint trajectories of change in these factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peggy M Cawthon
- California Pacific Medical Center, Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA. .,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco Coordinating Center, 550 16th Street, 2nd floor, Box #0560, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
| | - Neeta Parimi
- California Pacific Medical Center, Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lisa Langsetmo
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jane A Cauley
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Kristine E Ensrud
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Center for Chronic Disease Outcomes Research, Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Steven R Cummings
- California Pacific Medical Center, Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco Coordinating Center, 550 16th Street, 2nd floor, Box #0560, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | | | | | - Jodi Lapidus
- Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | | | - Charles E McCulloch
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco Coordinating Center, 550 16th Street, 2nd floor, Box #0560, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | | | | | | | - Eric S Orwoll
- Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
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Wang DX, Yao J, Zirek Y, Reijnierse EM, Maier AB. Muscle mass, strength, and physical performance predicting activities of daily living: a meta-analysis. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2020; 11:3-25. [PMID: 31788969 PMCID: PMC7015244 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 279] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Activities of daily living (ADLs) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) are essential for independent living and are predictors of morbidity and mortality in older populations. Older adults who are dependent in ADLs and IADLs are also more likely to have poor muscle measures defined as low muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical performance, which further limit their ability to perform activities. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine if muscle measures are predictive of ADL and IADL in older populations. Methods A systematic search was conducted using four databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, and CINAHL) from date of inception to 7 June 2018. Longitudinal cohorts were included that reported baseline muscle measures defined by muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical performance in conjunction with prospective ADL or IADL in participants aged 65 years and older at follow-up. Meta-analyses were conducted using a random effect model. Results Of the 7760 articles screened, 83 articles were included for the systematic review and involved a total of 108 428 (54.8% female) participants with a follow-up duration ranging from 11 days to 25 years. Low muscle mass was positively associated with ADL dependency in 5/9 articles and 5/5 for IADL dependency. Low muscle strength was associated with ADL dependency in 22/34 articles and IADL dependency in 8/9 articles. Low physical performance was associated with ADL dependency in 37/49 articles and with IADL dependency in 9/11 articles. Forty-five articles were pooled into the meta-analyses, 36 reported ADL, 11 reported IADL, and 2 reported ADL and IADL as a composite outcome. Low muscle mass was associated with worsening ADL (pooled odds ratio (95% confidence interval) 3.19 (1.29-7.92)) and worsening IADL (1.28 (1.02-1.61)). Low handgrip strength was associated with both worsening ADL and IADL (1.51 (1.34-1.70); 1.59 (1.04-2.31) respectively). Low scores on the short physical performance battery and gait speed were associated with worsening ADL (3.49 (2.47-4.92); 2.33 (1.58-3.44) respectively) and IADL (3.09 (1.06-8.98); 1.93 (1.69-2.21) respectively). Low one leg balance (2.74 (1.31-5.72)), timed up and go (3.41 (1.86-6.28)), and chair stand test time (1.90 (1.63-2.21)) were associated with worsening ADL. Conclusions Muscle measures at baseline are predictors of future ADL and IADL dependence in the older adult population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel X.M. Wang
- Department of Medicine and Aged Care, @AgeMelbourneThe University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne HospitalParkvilleVICAustralia
| | - Jessica Yao
- Department of Medicine and Aged Care, @AgeMelbourneThe University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne HospitalParkvilleVICAustralia
| | - Yasar Zirek
- Department of Medicine and Aged Care, @AgeMelbourneThe University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne HospitalParkvilleVICAustralia
| | - Esmee M. Reijnierse
- Department of Medicine and Aged Care, @AgeMelbourneThe University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne HospitalParkvilleVICAustralia
| | - Andrea B. Maier
- Department of Medicine and Aged Care, @AgeMelbourneThe University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne HospitalParkvilleVICAustralia
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, @AgeAmsterdamVrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement SciencesAmsterdamThe Netherlands
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Preoperative hand-grip strength can be a predictor of stair ascent and descent ability after total knee arthroplasty in female patients. J Orthop Sci 2020; 25:167-172. [PMID: 30904204 DOI: 10.1016/j.jos.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hand-grip strength was reported to be important predictor of functional limitation and disability related to low muscle strength in old people. The purpose of this study was to determine whether preoperative hand-grip strength predicts stair ascent and descent ability after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). METHODS A total of 83 female patients (mean age 75.6 ± 7.2 years) who underwent unilateral TKA were included in this study. We measured body mass index, range of motion of both knees, bilateral quadriceps strength and hand-grip strength before and one year after TKA. One year after TKA, we had the subjects ascend and descend some stairs and recorded the gait pattern (step-to-step or step-over-step) and pain in both knees using a numerical rating scale. We divided the subjects into two groups according to gait pattern. These factors were compared between groups. Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) analysis was performed to estimate the preoperative hand-grip strength cut off point for the stair gait pattern. RESULTS Pre- and postoperative mean hand-grip strengths were 20.1 ± 5.0 kg and 20.7 ± 5.4 kg, respectively, and there was a strong positive correlation between them (r = 0.82, P < 0.001). Quadriceps strength of both limbs significantly improved after TKA (P < 0.001). After TKA, all patients were able to perform both stair ascent and descent. The gait patterns of 27 patients were step-to-step, and 56 patients were step-over-step. Preoperative and postoperative quadriceps strength of both limbs and preoperative and postoperative hand-grip strength were significantly different between the groups. According to the ROC curve, the optimal cut off values of preoperative hand-grip strength for which female patients could ascend and descend the stairs by step-over-step after TKA was set at 19 kg. CONCLUSION Preoperative hand-grip strength can be used in preoperative screening for stair ascent and descent ability after TKA.
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Seong JY, Ahn HY, Park Y, Shin S, Ha IH. Association Between Aerobic Exercise and Handgrip Strength in Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study Based on Data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2014-2017). J Nutr Health Aging 2020; 24:619-626. [PMID: 32510115 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-020-1372-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Handgrip strength is an easy-to-assess indicator of overall muscle strength and can be used to evaluate health status. Although previous studies have reported an increase in grip strength due to aerobic exercise, such a study has not been conducted on Korean participants. This study aimed to investigate the effects of aerobic exercise on handgrip strength and examine the association between these two variables in Korean patients with hypertension or diabetes. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING This study used data from the 6th and 7th Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2014-2017). PARTICIPANTS A total of 19,650 individuals aged ≥19 years who had responded to questionnaires concerning aerobic exercise and handgrip strength were analyzed. MEASUREMENTS The relationship between aerobic activity and handgrip strength was examined by logistic regression analysis. RESULTS The mean age of individuals in the low muscle strength group was higher than that in the normal muscle strength group. The odds ratio for low handgrip strength was higher in individuals who did not perform aerobic exercise than in those who performed aerobic exercise. Following adjustment for covariates, the odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for low handgrip strength were 1.415 (0.187-1.688) in the total sample, 1.799 (1.376-2.352) in patients with hypertension, and 1.811 (1.208-2.715) in patients with diabetes. CONCLUSION The results of our study indicated a strong association between aerobic exercise and handgrip strength in the Korean population.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Y Seong
- In-Hyuk Ha, Jaseng Spine and Joint Research Institute, Jaseng Medical Foundation, 537 Gangnam-daero, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06110, Republic of Korea, Tel: +82-2-2222-2740; Fax: +82-2-3218-2244, E-mail:
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Chao YP, Kao TW, Chang YW, Peng TC, Chen WL, Wu LW. Utilization of anthropometric parameters as a novel tool for detection of insulin resistance. Clin Nutr 2019; 39:2571-2579. [PMID: 31812468 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2019.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anthropometric parameters have been widely applied in evaluating muscle mass, insulin resistance (IR), and cardiometabolic diseases. Arm circumference (AC) and calf circumference (CC) are used as informative markers for sarcopenia. However, few studies concern the correlation between AC, CC and IR. The aim of the present survey is to investigate the relationship between AC, CC and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). METHODS This cross-sectional observational study included 11,527 participants aged 40-85 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 1999 to 2006. We divided the participants into male and female groups. Each group was then divided into four subgroups depending on their AC and CC levels. RESULTS After adjustment for multiple covariates, we observed a significant negative correlation between the CC and HOMA-IR. This study showed a significant positive correlation between the AC and HOMA-IR after multiple adjustments. Subjects in the highest CC quartiles tended to have the lowest HOMA-IR in both male and female group (P for trend <0.001 in all models). CONCLUSIONS CC may be a novel tool to guide public health policy and clinical predictor of IR in middle-aged and older people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Ping Chao
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Tung-Wei Kao
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China; Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yaw-Wen Chang
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China; Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China; Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Tao-Chun Peng
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Wei-Liang Chen
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China; Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China; Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Li-Wei Wu
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China; Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China; Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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Chrismas BCR, Majed L, Kneffel Z. Physical fitness and physical self-concept of male and female young adults in Qatar. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0223359. [PMID: 31600266 PMCID: PMC6786589 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Physical inactivity is high within the Qatari population, particularly within females, and school-based environments, contributing to increased morbidity and mortality. School-based physical activity (PA) outcomes may be mediated by physical self-concept. Low physical self-concept may negatively impact PA engagement, compromising childhood and adolescent physical fitness, which may translate into adulthood. Normative physical fitness data for the Qatari population is unavailable. Stratifying normative physical fitness appears prudent, to not only allow comparisons to be made worldwide, but enable informed decisions for public health policy and future interventions in the Qatari population. Purpose To establish the physical fitness of young adults in Qatar, and examine differences between males and females for physical self-concept, and engagement in school-based and extra-curricular PA. Method 186 (females n = 85) healthy participants [median (minimum—maximum) age: males = 21 (18–26), females = 21 (18–24) y; height: males = 1.74 (1.57–1.99), females = 1.61 (1.46–1.76) m; body mass: males = 71.9 (49.3–145.0), females = 56.8 (35.7–96.4) kg] completed the ALPHA-FIT test battery for adults (one leg stand, figure of eight run, handgrip strength, jump and reach, modified push-up, dynamic sit-up and 2 km walk), physical self-description questionnaire (measuring physical self-concept), and were asked to answer ‘yes’ or ‘no’ to whether they participated in school-based and extra-curricular PA. Results Data is reported as effect size; ±90% confidence limit. Males compared to females most likely performed better for dynamic sit-up (2.2; ±0.76), very likely better for the figure of eight run (0.86; ±0.42) and likely better for handgrip strength (2.1; ±0.75). Males likely had higher physical self-concept for coordination (0.78; ±0.37) and endurance (0.66; ±0.27) compared to females. There were no differences for school-based PA (p ≥ 0.78) or for extra-curricular PA for males (p ≥ 0.26) or females (p ≥ 0.21). Conclusion The data suggests that the young Qatari adult population has variable, yet generally low, physical fitness traits compared to individuals worldwide, likely due to their low PA. The precise aetiology for this is not well documented, yet such data may be prudent to evidence-inform strategies to improve physical fitness through increased PA (synergistic relationship), given the strong association between physical activity/fitness and morbidity/mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryna C. R. Chrismas
- Qatar University, Sport Science Program, College of Arts and Science, Doha, Qatar
- * E-mail:
| | - Lina Majed
- Qatar University, Sport Science Program, College of Arts and Science, Doha, Qatar
| | - Zsuzsanna Kneffel
- Qatar University, Sport Science Program, College of Arts and Science, Doha, Qatar
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Kuo WK, Liu YC, Chu CM, Hua CC, Huang CY, Liu MH, Wang CH. Amino Acid-Based Metabolic Indexes Identify Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease And Further Discriminates Patients In Advanced BODE Stages. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2019; 14:2257-2266. [PMID: 31631995 PMCID: PMC6778323 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s220557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The BODE index is a multidimensional grading system for predicting the prognoses of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This study investigated whether an amino acids-based metabolic profile developed for heart failure patients (including histidine, ornithine, phenylalanine, and leucine) could identify COPD patients and further discriminates COPD patients in advanced BODE stages. Methods Ultra-performance liquid chromatography was performed on 119 participants, including 75 COPD patients at different BODE stages and 44 normal controls. Albumin, pre-albumin, transferrin, high sensitivity C-reactive protein, and hand grip strength were also measured. Receiver operating characteristic curves and area under curves were used for estimation. Results The BODE points in our patients were 3.29 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.74-3.85]. Compared to normal controls, COPD patients had lower leucine but higher ornithine levels. A COPD score, developed based on leucine and ornithine, significantly discriminated COPD from normal controls [odds ratio (OR) = 2.71, 95% CI = 1.83-4.04, p <0.001]. A COPD score of ≥ 3.00 had an OR of 15.58 (95% CI = 5.96-40.73, p <0.001). In COPD patients from BODE 1 to BODE 4, the levels of histidine, ornithine and phenylalanine increased significantly. In multivariable analysis, histidine and phenylalanine were independently able to distinguish BODE stages 3 and 4 from BODE 1 and were adopted to develop a metabolic score. Metabolic scores identified patients at BODE 3 and 4 (OR = 2.74, 95% CI =1.41-5.29, p = 0.003) better than hand grip strength, high sensitive C-reactive protein, albumin, pre-albumin, and transferrin value. A metabolic score of ≥9.53 significantly discriminated BODE 3 and 4 from BODE 1 and 2 (OR = 8.56, 95% CI = 2.77-26.39, p <0.001). Conclusion Amino acid-based COPD score and metabolic score discriminate COPD patients from normal controls, and identify patients in advanced stages of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ke Kuo
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chih Liu
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
- Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Ming Chu
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Ching Hua
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
- Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yu Huang
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Min-Hui Liu
- Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Heart Failure Research Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Hung Wang
- Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Heart Failure Research Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
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Kim GR, Sun J, Han M, Park S, Nam CM. Impact of handgrip strength on cardiovascular, cancer and all-cause mortality in the Korean longitudinal study of ageing. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e027019. [PMID: 31072857 PMCID: PMC6527975 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-027019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine whether reduced handgrip strength, as a marker of muscle weakness, is linked with the risk of cardiovascular, cancer and all-cause mortality among older adults. DESIGN We used data from the 2006 to 2014 Korean longitudinal study of ageing study. Estimates of handgrip strength were collected using a handheld dynamometer. Cox proportional hazard models with time-varying covariates were used to estimate HRs and their 95% CIs for all-cause mortality. The cause-specific hazards regression analysis was also used to model cardiovascular and cancer mortality, by treating deaths from the cause of interest as events and other causes of death as censored. PARTICIPANTS 5859 participants aged 50 years or older were followed up until death or until the date of censoring (31 December 2014). PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURES The study outcomes of interest were all-cause, cardiovascular and cancer mortality. RESULTS Of the participants included in analyses, 515 individuals (8.8%) died, reflecting an overall crude mortality rate of 11.0 deaths per 1000 person-years. Participants in the lowest handgrip strength tertile showed an increased risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality evidenced by a multivariable adjusted HRs of 1.90 (95% CI 1.33 to 2.73) and 1.59 (95% Cl 1.08 to 2.34), respectively. However, there were no significant differences in the rates of cancer-related death, with HR of 1.29 (95% CI 0.92 to 1.81 [lowest vs highest tertile; p trend=0.21]). CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that lower handgrip strength is an independent predictor of mortality among a population-based sample of Korean elderly; highlighting the importance of interventions targeted at enhancing muscle strength for improvements in survival at older ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyu Ri Kim
- Department of Biostatistics, Yonsei University Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul, The Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyu Sun
- Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, The Republic of Korea
| | - Minkyung Han
- Department of Public Health, Yonsei University Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul, The Republic of Korea
| | - Sohee Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, The Republic of Korea
| | - Chung Mo Nam
- Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, The Republic of Korea
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Kuh D, Hardy R, Blodgett JM, Cooper R. Developmental factors associated with decline in grip strength from midlife to old age: a British birth cohort study. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e025755. [PMID: 31072852 PMCID: PMC6528009 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-025755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To test whether developmental factors are associated with grip strength trajectories between 53 and 69 years, and operate independently or on the same pathway/s as adult factors. DESIGN British birth cohort study. SETTING England, Scotland and Wales. PARTICIPANTS 3058 men and women. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Grip strength (kg) at ages 53, 60-64 and 69 were analysed using multilevel models to estimate associations with developmental factors (birth weight, growth parameters, motor and cognitive development) and father's social class, and investigate adult factors that could explain observed associations, testing for age and sex interactions. RESULTS In men, heavier birth weight, beginning to walk 'on time', later puberty and greater weight 0-26 years and in women, heavier birth weight and earlier age at first standing were independently associated with stronger grip but not with its decline. The slower decline in grip strength (by 0.07 kg/year, 95% CI 0.02 to 0.11 per 1 SD, p=0.003) in men of higher cognitive ability was attenuated by adjusting for adult verbal memory. CONCLUSIONS Patterns of growth and motor development have persisting associations with grip strength between midlife and old age. The strengthening associations with cognition suggest that, at older ages, grip strength increasingly reflects neural ageing processes. Interventions across life that promote muscle development or maintain muscle strength should increase the chance of an independent old age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Kuh
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, London, UK
| | - Rebecca Hardy
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, London, UK
| | | | - Rachel Cooper
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, London, UK
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Komisar V, Nirmalanathan K, King EC, Maki BE, Novak AC. Use of handrails for balance and stability: Characterizing loading profiles in younger adults. APPLIED ERGONOMICS 2019; 76:20-31. [PMID: 30642521 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2018.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Well-designed handrails significantly enhance balance recovery, by allowing users to apply high forces to the rail and stabilize their center of mass. However, data on user-applied handrail forces during balance recovery are limited. We characterized the peak forces that 50 young adults applied to a handrail during forward and backward falling motions; quantified effects of handrail height (34, 38, 42 inches) and position prior to balance loss (standing beside the rail with or without hand contact, or facing the handrail with two-handed contact); and examined the relationship between handrail forces and individual mass. The testing environment consisted of a robotic platform that translated rapidly to destabilize participants, and a height-adjustable handrail that was mounted to the platform. Our findings support our hypotheses that starting position and handrail height significantly affect peak handrail forces in most axes. The highest handrail forces were applied when participants faced the handrail and grasped with two hands. In these cases, increased handrail height was associated with increased anterior forces and decreased downward, upward and resultant forces. As hypothesized, peak handrail forces correlated strongly with individual weight in most axes. Implications of these findings for handrail design are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicki Komisar
- iDAPT Centre for Rehabilitation Research, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute - University Health Network, 13-000, 550 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2A2, Canada; Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street - Room 407, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G9, Canada; Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia, V5A 1S6, Canada.
| | - Konika Nirmalanathan
- iDAPT Centre for Rehabilitation Research, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute - University Health Network, 13-000, 550 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2A2, Canada; Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, University of Toronto, 500 University Avenue - Room 160, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1V7, Canada; Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, 55 Harbord Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 2W8, Canada
| | - Emily C King
- iDAPT Centre for Rehabilitation Research, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute - University Health Network, 13-000, 550 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2A2, Canada; Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G8, Canada; Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Brian E Maki
- iDAPT Centre for Rehabilitation Research, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute - University Health Network, 13-000, 550 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2A2, Canada; Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street - Room 407, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G9, Canada; Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle - Room 2374, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada; Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, 149 College Street, 5thFloor, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 1P5, Canada
| | - Alison C Novak
- iDAPT Centre for Rehabilitation Research, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute - University Health Network, 13-000, 550 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2A2, Canada; Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, University of Toronto, 500 University Avenue - Room 160, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1V7, Canada; Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, 55 Harbord Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 2W8, Canada; Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of Toronto, 500 University Avenue - Room 160, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1V7, Canada
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Škarabot J, Ansdell P, Brownstein CG, Hicks KM, Howatson G, Goodall S, Durbaba R. Reduced corticospinal responses in older compared with younger adults during submaximal isometric, shortening, and lengthening contractions. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2019; 126:1015-1031. [PMID: 30730812 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00987.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess differences in motor performance, as well as corticospinal and spinal responses to transcranial magnetic and percutaneous nerve stimulation, respectively, during submaximal isometric, shortening, and lengthening contractions between younger and older adults. Fifteen younger [26 yr (SD 4); 7 women, 8 men] and 14 older [64 yr (SD 3); 5 women, 9 men] adults performed isometric and shortening and lengthening dorsiflexion on an isokinetic dynamometer (5°/s) at 25% and 50% of contraction type-specific maximums. Motor evoked potentials (MEPs) and H reflexes were recorded at anatomical zero. Maximal dorsiflexor torque was greater during lengthening compared with shortening and isometric contractions ( P < 0.001) but was not age dependent ( P = 0.158). However, torque variability was greater in older compared with young adults ( P < 0.001). Background electromyographic (EMG) activity was greater in older compared with younger adults ( P < 0.005) and was contraction type dependent ( P < 0.001). As evoked responses are influenced by both the maximal level of excitation and background EMG activity, the responses were additionally normalized {[MEP/maximum M wave (Mmax)]/root-mean-square EMG activity (RMS) and [H reflex (H)/Mmax]/RMS}. (MEP/Mmax)/RMS and (H/Mmax)/RMS were similar across contraction types but were greater in young compared with older adults ( P < 0.001). Peripheral motor conduction times were prolonged in older adults ( P = 0.003), whereas peripheral sensory conduction times and central motor conduction times were not age dependent ( P ≥ 0.356). These data suggest that age-related changes throughout the central nervous system serve to accommodate contraction type-specific motor control. Moreover, a reduction in corticospinal responses and increased torque variability seem to occur without a significant reduction in maximal torque-producing capacity during older age. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This is the first study to have explored corticospinal and spinal responses with aging during submaximal contractions of different types (isometric, shortening, and lengthening) in lower limb musculature. It is demonstrated that despite preserved maximal torque production capacity corticospinal responses are reduced in older compared with younger adults across contraction types along with increased torque variability during dynamic contractions. This suggests that the age-related corticospinal changes serve to accommodate contraction type-specific motor control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Škarabot
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University , Newcastle Upon Tyne , United Kingdom
| | - Paul Ansdell
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University , Newcastle Upon Tyne , United Kingdom
| | - Callum G Brownstein
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University , Newcastle Upon Tyne , United Kingdom.,Université Lyon, UJM-Saint-Etienne, Inter-university Laboratory of Human Movement Biology, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Kirsty M Hicks
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University , Newcastle Upon Tyne , United Kingdom
| | - Glyn Howatson
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University , Newcastle Upon Tyne , United Kingdom.,Water Research Group, School of Environmental Sciences and Development, Northwest University , Potchefstroom , South Africa
| | - Stuart Goodall
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University , Newcastle Upon Tyne , United Kingdom
| | - Rade Durbaba
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University , Newcastle Upon Tyne , United Kingdom
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Hand Grip Strength and Its Sociodemographic and Health Correlates among Older Adult Men and Women (50 Years and Older) in Indonesia. Curr Gerontol Geriatr Res 2018; 2018:3265041. [PMID: 30631349 PMCID: PMC6304637 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3265041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective There is lack of knowledge about the patterns and correlates of hand grip strength (HGS) of older adults in Indonesia. This study aims to assess sociodemographic and health determinants of HGS among older adult men and women in Indonesia. Methods Participants were 7097 individuals of 50 years and older (mean age 61.2 years, SD=9.4) that participated in the cross-sectional Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS-5) in 2014-15. The assessment measures included a questionnaire on sociodemographic characteristics and health variables and anthropometric and HGS measurements. Linear multivariable regression analysis was conducted to estimate the association of social and health variables and HGS. Results The mean HGS was 28.2 kgs for men and 17.2 kgs for women. In adjusted linear regression analysis among both men and women, height, being overweight or obese, and having a good self-rated health status were positively associated with HGS, while age, having underweight, low cognitive functioning, and functional disability were negatively associated with HGS. In addition, among men, higher education and medium economic background were positive and having two or more chronic conditions, having severe depressive symptoms, and having moderate sleep impairment were negatively associated with HGS. Conclusion The study contributed to a better understanding of patterns and correlates of HGS among older adults in Indonesia. Gender-specific and health related interventions may be needed so as to improve the physical functioning of the growing older populace in Indonesia.
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Shen F, Kim HJ, Lee NK, Chun HJ, Chang BS, Lee CK, Yeom JS. The influence of hand grip strength on surgical outcomes after surgery for degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis: a preliminary result. Spine J 2018; 18:2018-2024. [PMID: 29679727 DOI: 10.1016/j.spinee.2018.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CONTEXT Although a number of prognostic factors have been demonstrated to be associated with surgical outcome of degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis (DLSS), no study has investigated the relation between hand grip strength (HGS) and treatment outcome of DLSS. PURPOSE The purpose of the present study was to examine the influence of HGS on surgical outcomes after surgery for patients with DLSS. STUDY DESIGN This is an observational study. PATIENT SAMPLE Patients who underwent spine surgery for DLSS were included in the study. OUTCOME MEASURES Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), EuroQOL (EQ-5D), and visual analog scale (VAS) scores for back or leg pain were assessed. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 172 consecutive patients who underwent spine surgery for DLSS were included in the present study. Patients were assigned to either high HGS group (≥26 kg for men and ≥18 kg for women, n=124) or low HGS group (<26 kg for men and <18 kg for women, n=48) based on their preoperative HGS performance. Oswestry Disability Index, EQ-5D, and VAS scores for back and leg pain were assessed and compared between two groups preoperatively, 3 and 6 months after surgery. The primary outcome measure was baseline-adjusted ODI scores 6 months after surgery. The secondary outcome measures, including the overall ODI score, EQ-5D score, VAS score for back and leg pain, were assessed at each time point during the 6-month follow-up period. RESULTS As primary outcome, baseline-adjusted ODI scores were significantly lower in the high HGS group than in the low HGS group 6 months after surgery. In the secondary outcome measurements, the ODI, EQ-5D, and VAS scores for back and leg pain improved significantly with time after surgery in both groups. The effects of HGS group on the overall changes in the ODI and EQ-5D scores during the 6-month period were significantly different between the two groups; however, they were not significantly different on VAS score for back and leg pain. The pattern of change in the ODI during the follow-up period was significantly different between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS Patients with preoperative high HGS display better surgical outcome in terms of disability and health status 6 months after spine surgery. Preoperative HGS can act as a predictor of surgical outcome in patients with DLSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Shen
- Spine Center and Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 166 Gumiro, Bundang-gu, Sungnam 463-707, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Joong Kim
- Spine Center and Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 166 Gumiro, Bundang-gu, Sungnam 463-707, Republic of Korea.
| | - Na-Kyoung Lee
- Spine Center and Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 166 Gumiro, Bundang-gu, Sungnam 463-707, Republic of Korea
| | - Heoung-Jae Chun
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Soon Chang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehangno, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-744, Republic of Korea
| | - Choon-Ki Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehangno, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-744, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin S Yeom
- Spine Center and Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 166 Gumiro, Bundang-gu, Sungnam 463-707, Republic of Korea
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Buckner SL, Dankel SJ, Bell ZW, Abe T, Loenneke JP. The Association of Handgrip Strength and Mortality: What Does It Tell Us and What Can We Do With It? Rejuvenation Res 2018; 22:230-234. [PMID: 30200809 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2018.2111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between grip strength and mortality is often used to underscore the importance of resistance exercise in physical activity guidelines. However, grip strength does not appear to appreciably change following traditional resistance training. Thus, grip strength could be considered reflective of strength independent of resistance exercise. If true, grip strength is not necessarily informing us of the importance of resistance exercise as an adult, but potentially highlighting inherent differences between individuals who are stronger at "baseline" compared to their weaker counterpart. The purpose of this article is to discuss: (1) potential factors that may influence grip strength and (2) hypothesize strategies that may be able to influence grip strength and ultimately attain a higher baseline level of strength. Although there appears to be a limited ability to augment grip strength as an adult, there may be critical periods during growth/development during which individuals can establish a higher baseline. Establishing a high baseline of strength earlier in life may have long-term implications related to mortality and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel L Buckner
- 1 Division of Exercise Science, USF Muscle Laboratory, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Scott J Dankel
- 2 Kevser Ermin Applied Physiology Laboratory, Department of Health, Exercise Science, and Recreation Management, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi
| | - Zachary W Bell
- 2 Kevser Ermin Applied Physiology Laboratory, Department of Health, Exercise Science, and Recreation Management, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi
| | - Takashi Abe
- 2 Kevser Ermin Applied Physiology Laboratory, Department of Health, Exercise Science, and Recreation Management, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi
| | - Jeremy P Loenneke
- 2 Kevser Ermin Applied Physiology Laboratory, Department of Health, Exercise Science, and Recreation Management, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi
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Carson RG. Get a grip: individual variations in grip strength are a marker of brain health. Neurobiol Aging 2018; 71:189-222. [PMID: 30172220 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2018.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Demonstrations that grip strength has predictive power in relation to a range of health conditions-even when these are assessed decades later-has motivated claims that hand-grip dynamometry has the potential to serve as a "vital sign" for middle-aged and older adults. Central to this belief has been the assumption that grip strength is a simple measure of physical performance that provides a marker of muscle status in general, and sarcopenia in particular. It is now evident that while differences in grip strength between individuals are influenced by musculoskeletal factors, "lifespan" changes in grip strength within individuals are exquisitely sensitive to integrity of neural systems that mediate the control of coordinated movement. The close and pervasive relationships between age-related declines in maximum grip strength and expressions of cognitive dysfunction can therefore be understood in terms of the convergent functional and structural mediation of cognitive and motor processes by the human brain. In the context of aging, maximum grip strength is a discriminating measure of neurological function and brain health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard G Carson
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; School of Psychology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK; School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Australia.
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