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Yahyazadeh A. The effectiveness of hesperidin on bisphenol A-induced spinal cord toxicity in a diabetic rat model. Toxicon 2024; 243:107724. [PMID: 38649116 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.107724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
The potential health risks of bisphenol A (BS) and diabetes (DI) has sparked public concern due to be ubiquitous worldwide. The purpose of this study was to investigate the detrimental impact of BS (200 mg/kg) on the spinal cord tissue in a rat diabetic model. We also evaluated the antioxidant capacity of hesperidin (HS) (100 mg/kg) on spinal cord in BS-treated diabetic rat. Seventy male Wistar albino rats, weighing 180-230 g and 8 weeks old, were randomly chosen, and assigned into seven groups of 10 rats: Control (KON), BS, DI, BS + DI, HS + BS, HS + DI, HS + BS + DI. At the end of the 14-day experimental period, all samples were examined using stereological, biochemical, and histopathological techniques. Our biochemical findings revealed that the SOD level was significantly lower in the BS, DI, and BS + DI groups compared to the KON group (p < 0.05). Compared to the KON group, there was a significant decrease in the number of motor neurons and an increase in the mean volume of central canals in the BS, DI, and BS + DI groups (p < 0.05). In the HS + BC group than the BS group and in the HS + DI group than the DI group, SOD activity and the number of motor neurons were significantly higher; also, the mean volume of spinal central canal was significantly lower (p < 0.05). The novel findings gathered from the histopathological assessment supported our quantitative results. Our speculation was that the exposure to BS and DI was the main cause of neurological alteration in the spinal cord tissues. The administration of HS had the therapeutic potential to mitigate spinal cord abnormalities resulting from BS and DI. However, HS supplementation did not alleviate spinal cord complications in BS-treated diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Yahyazadeh
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Karabuk University, Karabuk, Turkey.
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2
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Moțățăianu A, Mănescu IB, Șerban G, Bărcuțean L, Ion V, Bălașa R, Andone S. Exploring the Role of Metabolic Hormones in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5059. [PMID: 38791099 PMCID: PMC11121721 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive loss of motor neurons. Emerging evidence suggests a potential link between metabolic dysregulation and ALS pathogenesis. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between metabolic hormones and disease progression in ALS patients. A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 44 ALS patients recruited from a tertiary care center. Serum levels of insulin, total amylin, C-peptide, active ghrelin, GIP (gastric inhibitory peptide), GLP-1 active (glucagon-like peptide-1), glucagon, PYY (peptide YY), PP (pancreatic polypeptide), leptin, interleukin-6, MCP-1 (monocyte chemoattractant protein-1), and TNFα (tumor necrosis factor alpha) were measured, and correlations with ALSFRS-R, evolution scores, and biomarkers were analyzed using Spearman correlation coefficients. Subgroup analyses based on ALS subtypes, progression pattern of disease, and disease progression rate patterns were performed. Significant correlations were observed between metabolic hormones and ALS evolution scores. Insulin and amylin exhibited strong correlations with disease progression and clinical functional outcomes, with insulin showing particularly robust associations. Other hormones such as C-peptide, leptin, and GLP-1 also showed correlations with ALS progression and functional status. Subgroup analyses revealed differences in hormone levels based on sex and disease evolution patterns, with male patients showing higher amylin and glucagon levels. ALS patients with slower disease progression exhibited elevated levels of amylin and insulin. Our findings suggest a potential role for metabolic hormones in modulating ALS progression and functional outcomes. Further research is needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and explore the therapeutic implications of targeting metabolic pathways in ALS management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca Moțățăianu
- Department of Neurology, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mureș ‘George Emil Palade’, 540142 Târgu Mureș, Romania
- 1st Neurology Clinic, Mures County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 540136 Târgu Mureș, Romania
| | - Ion Bogdan Mănescu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mureș ‘George Emil Palade’, 540142 Târgu Mureș, Romania
| | - Georgiana Șerban
- Doctoral School, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mureș ‘George Emil Palade’, 540142 Târgu Mureș, Romania
| | - Laura Bărcuțean
- Department of Neurology, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mureș ‘George Emil Palade’, 540142 Târgu Mureș, Romania
- 1st Neurology Clinic, Mures County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 540136 Târgu Mureș, Romania
| | - Valentin Ion
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Drug Analysis, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mureș ‘George Emil Palade’, 540142 Târgu Mureș, Romania
- Drug Testing Laboratory, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mureș ‘George Emil Palade’, 540142 Târgu Mureș, Romania
| | - Rodica Bălașa
- Department of Neurology, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mureș ‘George Emil Palade’, 540142 Târgu Mureș, Romania
- 1st Neurology Clinic, Mures County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 540136 Târgu Mureș, Romania
| | - Sebastian Andone
- Department of Neurology, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mureș ‘George Emil Palade’, 540142 Târgu Mureș, Romania
- 1st Neurology Clinic, Mures County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 540136 Târgu Mureș, Romania
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3
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Li S, Liu Y, Lu S, Xu J, Liu X, Yang D, Yang Y, Hou L, Li N. A crazy trio in Parkinson's disease: metabolism alteration, α-synuclein aggregation, and oxidative stress. Mol Cell Biochem 2024:10.1007/s11010-024-04985-3. [PMID: 38625515 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-024-04985-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is an aging-associated neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the pars compacta of the substantia nigra and the presence of Lewy bodies containing α-synuclein within these neurons. Oligomeric α-synuclein exerts neurotoxic effects through mitochondrial dysfunction, glial cell inflammatory response, lysosomal dysfunction and so on. α-synuclein aggregation, often accompanied by oxidative stress, is generally considered to be a key factor in PD pathology. At present, emerging evidences suggest that metabolism alteration is closely associated with α-synuclein aggregation and PD progression, and improvement of key molecules in metabolism might be potentially beneficial in PD treatment. In this review, we highlight the tripartite relationship among metabolic changes, α-synuclein aggregation, and oxidative stress in PD, and offer updated insights into the treatments of PD, aiming to deepen our understanding of PD pathogenesis and explore new therapeutic strategies for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yanbing Liu
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Sen Lu
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jiayi Xu
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaokun Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Di Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Yuxuan Yang
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lin Hou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
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4
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Motger-Albertí A, de la Calle E, Giménez M, Blasco G, Biarnés C, Arnoriaga-Rodríguez M, Puig J, Coll-Martínez C, Contreras-Rodríguez O, Fernández-Real JM. Increased brain fractional perfusion in obesity using intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) MRI metrics. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2024; 32:756-767. [PMID: 38383843 DOI: 10.1002/oby.24001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This research seeks to shed light on the associations between brain perfusion, cognitive function, and mental health in individuals with and without obesity. METHODS In this study, we employed the noninvasive intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique to examine brain fractional perfusion (FP) in two groups: individuals with obesity (N = 72) and healthy controls (N = 66). Additionally, we investigated potential associations between FP, cognitive function, and depressive symptoms in the participants with and without obesity. Finally, artificial intelligence algorithms (Boruta analysis) were also used. RESULTS Participants with obesity exhibited increased FP within dopaminergic brain circuits, particularly involving prefrontal cortex areas, anterior and posterior sections of the cingulate cortex, the right striatum, and the midbrain. Additionally, these individuals demonstrated lower working memory and higher depressive symptoms compared to the control group. Notably, higher FP in the inferior temporal and occipital cortices correlated with greater depressive symptoms, whereas increased FP in the right ventral caudate and the midbrain was associated with better working memory performance. A link between inflammatory and metabolic variables, with a particular emphasis on monocytes, and FP in obesity was also evidenced by Boruta analysis. CONCLUSIONS Increased brain perfusion in individuals with obesity is associated with cognitive function and mental health through interaction with metabolic and inflammatory factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Motger-Albertí
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Nutrition (UDEN), Girona Biomedical Research Institute, Josep Trueta University Hospital, Girona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Girona, Spain
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Elena de la Calle
- Department of Radiology-Medical Imaging, Girona Biomedical Research Institute, Josep Trueta University Hospital, Girona, Spain
| | - Mònica Giménez
- Department of Radiology-Medical Imaging, Girona Biomedical Research Institute, Josep Trueta University Hospital, Girona, Spain
| | - Gerard Blasco
- Department of Radiology-Medical Imaging, Girona Biomedical Research Institute, Josep Trueta University Hospital, Girona, Spain
| | - Carles Biarnés
- Department of Radiology-Medical Imaging, Girona Biomedical Research Institute, Josep Trueta University Hospital, Girona, Spain
| | - María Arnoriaga-Rodríguez
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Nutrition (UDEN), Girona Biomedical Research Institute, Josep Trueta University Hospital, Girona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Girona, Spain
| | - Josep Puig
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
- Department of Radiology-Medical Imaging, Girona Biomedical Research Institute, Josep Trueta University Hospital, Girona, Spain
| | - Clàudia Coll-Martínez
- Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit, Department of Neurology, Josep Trueta University Hospital, Girona, Spain
- Neurodegeneration and Neuroinflammation Research Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Oren Contreras-Rodríguez
- Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- CIBER de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - José Manuel Fernández-Real
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Nutrition (UDEN), Girona Biomedical Research Institute, Josep Trueta University Hospital, Girona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Girona, Spain
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
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Basatinya AM, Sajedianfard J, Nazifi S, Hosseinzadeh S. The analgesic effects of insulin and its disorders in streptozotocin-induced short-term diabetes. Physiol Rep 2024; 12:e16009. [PMID: 38639646 PMCID: PMC11027902 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.16009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Evidence suggests that insulin resistance plays an important role in developing diabetes complications. The association between insulin resistance and pain perception is less well understood. This study aimed to investigate the effects of peripheral insulin deficiency on pain pathways in the brain. Diabetes was induced in 60 male rats with streptozotocin (STZ). Insulin was injected into the left ventricle of the brain by intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection, then pain was induced by subcutaneous injection of 2.5% formalin. Samples were collected at 4 weeks after STZ injection. Dopamine (DA), serotonin, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and mitochondrial glutathione (mGSH) were measured by ELISA, and gene factors were assessed by RT-qPCR. In diabetic rats, the levels of DA, serotonin, and mGSH decreased in the nuclei of the thalamus, raphe magnus, and periaqueductal gray, and the levels of ROS increased. In addition, the levels of expression of the neuron-specific enolase and receptor for advanced glycation end genes increased, but the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein expression was reduced. These results support the findings that insulin has an analgesic effect in non-diabetic rats, as demonstrated by the formalin test. ICV injection of insulin reduces pain sensation, but this was not observed in diabetic rats, which may be due to cell damage ameliorated by insulin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Javad Sajedianfard
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Veterinary MedicineShiraz UniversityShirazIran
| | - Saeed Nazifi
- Department of Clinical Science, School of Veterinary MedicineShiraz UniversityShirazIran
| | - Saied Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health, School of Veterinary MedicineShiraz UniversityShirazIran
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6
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Di Domenico F, Lanzillotta C, Perluigi M. Redox imbalance and metabolic defects in the context of Alzheimer disease. FEBS Lett 2024. [PMID: 38472147 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Redox reactions play a critical role for intracellular processes, including pathways involved in metabolism and signaling. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) act either as second messengers or generators of protein modifications, fundamental mechanisms for signal transduction. Disturbance of redox homeostasis is associated with many disorders. Among these, Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative pathology that presents hallmarks of oxidative damage such as increased ROS production, decreased activity of antioxidant enzymes, oxidative modifications of macromolecules, and changes in mitochondrial homeostasis. Interestingly, alteration of redox homeostasis is closely associated with defects of energy metabolism, involving both carbohydrates and lipids, the major energy fuels for the cell. As the brain relies exclusively on glucose metabolism, defects of glucose utilization represent a harmful event for the brain. During aging, a progressive perturbation of energy metabolism occurs resulting in brain hypometabolism. This condition contributes to increase neuronal cell vulnerability ultimately resulting in cognitive impairment. The current review discusses the crosstalk between alteration of redox homeostasis and brain energy defects that seems to act in concert in promoting Alzheimer's neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Di Domenico
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Lanzillotta
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Marzia Perluigi
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
- Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
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7
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Zhang Q, Hu S, Jin Z, Wang S, Zhang B, Zhao L. Mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine in elderly diabetes mellitus and a systematic review of its clinical application. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1339148. [PMID: 38510656 PMCID: PMC10953506 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1339148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective: Affected by aging, the elderly diabetes patients have many pathological characteristics different from the young people, including more complications, vascular aging, cognitive impairment, osteoporosis, and sarcopenia. This article will explore their pathogenesis and the mechanism of Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) intervention, and use the method of systematic review to evaluate the clinical application of TCM in elderly diabetes. Method: Searching for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published from January 2000 to November 2023 in the following databases: Web of Science, Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Sinomed, China National Knowledge Internet, Wanfang and VIP. They were evaluated by three subgroups of Traditional Chinese Prescription, Traditional Chinese patent medicines and Traditional Chinese medicine extracts for their common prescriptions, drugs, adverse reactions and the quality of them. Results and Conclusion: TCM has the advantages of multi-target and synergistic treatment in the treatment of elderly diabetes. However, current clinical researches have shortcomings including the inclusion of age criteria and diagnosis of subjects are unclear, imprecise research design, non-standard intervention measures, and its safety needs further exploration. In the future, the diagnosis of elderly people with diabetes needs to be further clarified. Traditional Chinese patent medicines included in the pharmacopoeia can be used to conduct more rigorous RCTs, and then gradually standardize the traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions and traditional Chinese medicine extracts, providing higher level evidence for the treatment of elderly diabetes with traditional Chinese medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiqi Zhang
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang’anmen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shiwan Hu
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang’anmen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zishan Jin
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang’anmen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Sicheng Wang
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang’anmen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Boxun Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Linhua Zhao
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang’anmen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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8
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Dey S, Yelamanchi R, Mullapudi T, Holla VV, Kamble N, Mahale RR, Sathyaprabha TN, Pal PK, Debnath M, Yadav R. Association of Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 and Neurofilament Light Chain in Patients with Progressive Supranuclear Palsy. Ann Indian Acad Neurol 2024; 27:40-45. [PMID: 38495245 PMCID: PMC10941886 DOI: 10.4103/aian.aian_507_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is the most common primary tauopathy. The definite diagnosis of PSP is established by histopathologic changes in the brain. There are no reliable blood-based biomarkers to aid the diagnosis of this fatal disease at an early stage. Also, the precise etiopathology of PSP and its variants is inadequately understood. Objective Blood-based molecules such as neurofilament light chain (NfL) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) are shown as important markers of neurodegenerative and aging processes, respectively. These two biomarkers have not been analyzed simultaneously in PSP patients. Methods To address this knowledge gap, 40 PSP patients and equal number of healthy individuals were recruited and serum levels of NfL and IGF-1 were assayed in all the study participants by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Motor and nonmotor symptoms were evaluated in PSP patients using various scales/questionnaires. Cardiac autonomic function tests were performed in a subset of patients (n = 27). Results A significantly high serum level of NfL (P < 0.01) and a reduced level of IGF-1 (P = 0.02) were observed in PSP patients compared to healthy controls. Besides, a negative correlation (r = -0.54, P < 0.01) between NfL and IGF-1 levels was observed in PSP patients. Conclusion The finding of this study reinforces the important role of blood NfL level as a potential biomarker of PSP. Further, the current study provides novel insights into the reciprocal correlation between NfL and IGF-1 in PSP patients. Combined analysis of blood levels of these two functionally relevant markers might be useful in the prediction and diagnosis of PSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saikat Dey
- Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Ramachadra Yelamanchi
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Thrinath Mullapudi
- Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Vikram V. Holla
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Nitish Kamble
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Rohan R. Mahale
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Talakad N. Sathyaprabha
- Department of Neurophysiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Pramod K. Pal
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Monojit Debnath
- Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Ravi Yadav
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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Sharma K, Puranik N, Yadav D. Neural Stem Cell-based Regenerative Therapy: A New Approach to Diabetes Treatment. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2024; 24:531-540. [PMID: 37183465 DOI: 10.2174/1871530323666230512121416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is the most common metabolic disorder that occurs due to the loss, or impaired function of insulin-secreting pancreatic beta cells, which are of two types - type 1 (T1D) and type 2 (T2D). To cure DM, the replacement of the destroyed pancreatic beta cells of islet of Langerhans is the most widely practiced treatment. For this, isolating neuronal stem cells and cultivating them as a source of renewable beta cells is a significant breakthrough in medicine. The functions, growth, and gene expression of insulin-producing pancreatic beta cells and neurons are very similar in many ways. A diabetic patient's neural stem cells (obtained from the hippocampus and olfactory bulb) can be used as a replacement source of beta cells for regenerative therapy to treat diabetes. The same protocol used to create functional neurons from progenitor cells can be used to create beta cells. Recent research suggests that replacing lost pancreatic beta cells with autologous transplantation of insulin-producing neural progenitor cells may be a perfect therapeutic strategy for diabetes, allowing for a safe and normal restoration of function and a reduction in potential risks and a long-term cure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kajal Sharma
- School of Sciences in Biotechnology, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, 474011, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Nidhi Puranik
- Department of Bio-logical Sciences, Bharathiar University, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Dhananjay Yadav
- Department of Life Science, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Korea
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10
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Choi SA, Jee HJ, Bormate KJ, Kim Y, Jung YS. Sex Differences in the Preventive Effect of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Therapeutics on Dementia. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2023; 31:583-598. [PMID: 37899743 PMCID: PMC10616511 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2023.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Dementia is a clinical syndrome characterized by progressive impairment of cognitive and functional abilities. As currently applied treatments for dementia can only delay the progression of dementia and cannot fundamentally cure it, much attention is being paid to reducing its incidence by preventing the associated risk factors. Cardiovascular and metabolic diseases are well-known risk factors for dementia, and many studies have attempted to prevent dementia by treating these risk factors. Growing evidence suggests that sex-based factors may play an important role in the pathogenesis of dementia. Therefore, a deeper understanding of the differences in the effects of drugs based on sex may help improve their effectiveness. In this study, we reviewed sex differences in the impact of therapeutics targeting risk factors for dementia, such as cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, to prevent the incidence and/or progression of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Ah Choi
- Graduate School of Global Pharmaceutical Industry and Clinical Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jin Jee
- AI-Super convergence KIURI Translational Research Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Yeonjae Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Yi-Sook Jung
- Graduate School of Global Pharmaceutical Industry and Clinical Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
- College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
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11
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Li LY, Liu SF, Zhuang JL, Li MM, Huang ZP, Chen YH, Chen XR, Chen CN, Lin S, Ye LC. Recent research progress on metabolic syndrome and risk of Parkinson's disease. Rev Neurosci 2023; 34:719-735. [PMID: 36450297 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2022-0093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most widespread neurodegenerative diseases. PD is associated with progressive loss of substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons, including various motor symptoms (e.g., bradykinesia, rigidity, and resting tremor), as well as non-motor symptoms (e.g., cognitive impairment, constipation, fatigue, sleep disturbance, and depression). PD involves multiple biological processes, including mitochondrial or lysosomal dysfunction, oxidative stress, insulin resistance, and neuroinflammation. Metabolic syndrome (MetS), a collection of numerous connected cerebral cardiovascular conditions, is a common and growing public health problem associated with many chronic diseases worldwide. MetS components include central/abdominal obesity, systemic hypertension, diabetes, and atherogenic dyslipidemia. MetS and PD share multiple pathophysiological processes, including insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and chronic inflammation. In recent years, MetS has been linked to an increased risk of PD, according to studies; however, the specific mechanism remains unclear. Researchers also found that some related metabolic therapies are potential therapeutic strategies to prevent and improve PD. This article reviews the epidemiological relationship between components of MetS and the risk of PD and discusses the potentially relevant mechanisms and recent progress of MetS as a risk factor for PD. Furthermore, we conclude that MetS-related therapies are beneficial for the prevention and treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Yi Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, No. 34 North Zhongshan Road, Quanzhou 362000, Fujian Province, China
| | - Shu-Fen Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, No. 34 North Zhongshan Road, Quanzhou 362000, Fujian Province, China
| | - Jian-Long Zhuang
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Quanzhou Women's and Children's Hospital, Quanzhou 362000, China
| | - Mi-Mi Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, No. 34 North Zhongshan Road, Quanzhou 362000, Fujian Province, China
| | - Zheng-Ping Huang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, No. 34 North Zhongshan Road, Quanzhou 362000, Fujian Province, China
| | - Yan-Hong Chen
- Department of Neurology, Shishi General Hospital, Quanzhou 362000, Fujian Province, China
| | - Xiang-Rong Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, Fujian Province, China
| | - Chun-Nuan Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, No. 34 North Zhongshan Road, Quanzhou 362000, Fujian Province, China
| | - Shu Lin
- Centre of Neurological and Metabolic Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, Fujian Province, China
- Group of Neuroendocrinology, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria St, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Li-Chao Ye
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, No. 34 North Zhongshan Road, Quanzhou 362000, Fujian Province, China
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12
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Koshatwar M, Acharya S, Prasad R, Lohakare T, Wanjari M, Taksande AB. Exploring the Potential of Antidiabetic Agents as Therapeutic Approaches for Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Diseases: A Comprehensive Review. Cureus 2023; 15:e44763. [PMID: 37809189 PMCID: PMC10556988 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.44763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's and Parkinson's are two prevalent neurodegenerative disorders with significant societal and healthcare burdens. The search for effective therapeutic approaches to combat these diseases has led to growing interest in exploring the potential of antidiabetic agents. This comprehensive review aims to provide a detailed overview of the current literature on using antidiabetic agents as therapeutic interventions for Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. We discuss the underlying pathological mechanisms of these neurodegenerative diseases, including protein misfolding, inflammation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction. We then delve into the potential mechanisms by which antidiabetic agents may exert neuroprotective effects, including regulation of glucose metabolism and insulin signaling, anti-inflammatory effects, modulation of oxidative stress, and improvement of mitochondrial function and bioenergetics. We highlight in vitro, animal, and clinical studies that support the potential benefits of antidiabetic agents in reducing disease pathology and improving clinical outcomes. However, we also acknowledge these agents' limitations, variability in treatment response, and potential side effects. Furthermore, we explore emerging therapeutic targets and novel approaches, such as glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists, insulin sensitizer drugs, neuroinflammation-targeted therapies, and precision medicine approaches. The review concludes by emphasizing the need for further research, including large-scale clinical trials, to validate the efficacy and safety of antidiabetic agents in treating Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. The collaboration between researchers, clinicians, and pharmaceutical companies is essential in advancing the field and effectively treating patients affected by these debilitating neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahima Koshatwar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Sourya Acharya
- Department of Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Roshan Prasad
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Tejaswee Lohakare
- Department of Child Health Nursing, Smt. Radhikabai Meghe Memorial College of Nursing, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Mayur Wanjari
- Department of Research and Development, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Avinash B Taksande
- Department of Physiology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
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13
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Alves SS, Servilha-Menezes G, Rossi L, da Silva Junior RMP, Garcia-Cairasco N. Evidence of disturbed insulin signaling in animal models of Alzheimer's disease. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 152:105326. [PMID: 37479008 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Since glucose reuptake by neurons is mostly independent of insulin, it has been an intriguing question whether insulin has or not any roles in the brain. Consequently, the identification of insulin receptors in the central nervous system has fueled investigations of insulin functions in the brain. It is also already known that insulin can influence glucose reuptake by neurons, mostly during activities that have the highest energy demand. The identification of high density of insulin receptors in the hippocampus also suggests that insulin may present important roles related to memory. In this context, studies have reported worse performance in cognitive tests among diabetic patients. In addition, alterations in the regulation of central insulin pathways have been observed in the brains of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. In fact, some authors have proposed AD as a third type of diabetes and recently, our group proposed insulin resistance as a common link between different AD hypotheses. Therefore, in the present narrative review, we intend to revise and gather the evidence of disturbed insulin signaling in experimental animal models of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suélen Santos Alves
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Brazil
| | - Gabriel Servilha-Menezes
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School - University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Brazil
| | - Leticia Rossi
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School - University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Brazil
| | - Rui Milton Patrício da Silva Junior
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School - University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Brazil; Institute of Neuroscience of Castilla y León, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Norberto Garcia-Cairasco
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Brazil; Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School - University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Brazil.
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14
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Tu X, Jain A, Parra Bueno P, Decker H, Liu X, Yasuda R. Local autocrine plasticity signaling in single dendritic spines by insulin-like growth factors. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadg0666. [PMID: 37531435 PMCID: PMC10396292 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg0666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
The insulin superfamily of peptides is essential for homeostasis as well as neuronal plasticity, learning, and memory. Here, we show that insulin-like growth factors 1 and 2 (IGF1 and IGF2) are differentially expressed in hippocampal neurons and released in an activity-dependent manner. Using a new fluorescence resonance energy transfer sensor for IGF1 receptor (IGF1R) with two-photon fluorescence lifetime imaging, we find that the release of IGF1 triggers rapid local autocrine IGF1R activation on the same spine and more than several micrometers along the stimulated dendrite, regulating the plasticity of the activated spine in CA1 pyramidal neurons. In CA3 neurons, IGF2, instead of IGF1, is responsible for IGF1R autocrine activation and synaptic plasticity. Thus, our study demonstrates the cell type-specific roles of IGF1 and IGF2 in hippocampal plasticity and a plasticity mechanism mediated by the synthesis and autocrine signaling of IGF peptides in pyramidal neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Tu
- Neuronal Signal Transduction Group, Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, Jupiter, FL, USA
- International Max Planck Research School for Brain and Behavior, Jupiter, FL, USA
- FAU/Max Planck Florida Institute Joint Graduate Program in Integrative Biology and Neuroscience, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA
| | - Anant Jain
- Neuronal Signal Transduction Group, Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Paula Parra Bueno
- Neuronal Signal Transduction Group, Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Helena Decker
- Neuronal Signal Transduction Group, Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Xiaodan Liu
- Neuronal Signal Transduction Group, Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Ryohei Yasuda
- Neuronal Signal Transduction Group, Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, Jupiter, FL, USA
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15
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Holuka C, Morel C, Roth S, Lamartinière Y, Mériaux SB, Paoli J, Guébels P, Duca RC, Godderis L, van Nieuwenhuyse A, Kremarik-Bouillaud P, Cariou R, Emond C, Schroeder H, Turner JD, Grova N. The epigenetic hallmark of early-life α-hexabromocyclododecane exposure: From cerebellar 6-mA levels to locomotor performance in adulthood. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 178:108103. [PMID: 37494814 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing evidence that methylation at the N6 position of adenine (6-mA), whose modulation occurs primarily during development, would be a reliable epigenetic marker in eukaryotic organisms. The present study raises the question as to whether early-life exposure to α-hexabromocyclododecane (α-HBCDD), a brominated flame retardant, may trigger modifications in 6-mA epigenetic hallmarks in the brain during the development which, in turn could affect the offspring behaviour in adulthood. Pregnant Wistar rats were split into two groups: control and α-HBCDD (66 ng/kg/per os, G0-PND14). At PND1, α-HBCDD levels were assessed in brain and liver by LC-MS/MS. At PND14, DNA was isolated from the offspring's cerebellum. DNA methylation was measured by 6-mA-specific immunoprecipitation and Illumina® sequencing (MEDIP-Seq). Locomotor activity was finally evaluated at PND120. In our early-life exposure model, we confirmed that α-HBCDD can cross the placental barrier and be detected in pups at birth. An obvious post-exposure phenotype with locomotor deficits was observed when the rats reached adulthood. This was accompanied by sex-specific over-methylation of genes involved in the insulin signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway as well as serotonergic and GABAergic synapses, potentially altering the normal process of neurodevelopment with consequent motor impairments crystalized at adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyrielle Holuka
- Immune Endocrine Epigenetics Research Group, Department of Infection and Immunity-Luxembourg Institute of Health, 29 rue Henri Koch, L-4354 Esch-Sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Faculty of Science, University of Luxembourg, L-4365 Belval, Luxembourg.
| | - Chloé Morel
- Calbinotox, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Lorraine, Campus Aiguillettes, B.P. 70239, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France.
| | - Sarah Roth
- Immune Endocrine Epigenetics Research Group, Department of Infection and Immunity-Luxembourg Institute of Health, 29 rue Henri Koch, L-4354 Esch-Sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
| | - Yordenca Lamartinière
- Calbinotox, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Lorraine, Campus Aiguillettes, B.P. 70239, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France.
| | - Sophie B Mériaux
- Immune Endocrine Epigenetics Research Group, Department of Infection and Immunity-Luxembourg Institute of Health, 29 rue Henri Koch, L-4354 Esch-Sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
| | - Justine Paoli
- Calbinotox, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Lorraine, Campus Aiguillettes, B.P. 70239, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France.
| | - Pauline Guébels
- Immune Endocrine Epigenetics Research Group, Department of Infection and Immunity-Luxembourg Institute of Health, 29 rue Henri Koch, L-4354 Esch-Sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
| | - Radu C Duca
- Department of Health Protection, National Health Laboratory (LNS), Dudelange, Luxembourg; Centre for Environment and Health, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Lode Godderis
- Centre for Environment and Health, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium; IDEWE, External Service for Prevention and Protection at Work, Heverlee 3001, Belgium.
| | - An van Nieuwenhuyse
- Department of Health Protection, National Health Laboratory (LNS), Dudelange, Luxembourg; Centre for Environment and Health, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Pascaline Kremarik-Bouillaud
- UMR Inserm 1256 nGERE, Nutrition-Génétique et exposition aux risques environnementaux, Institute of Medical Research (Pôle BMS), University of Lorraine, B.P. 184, 54511 Nancy, France.
| | | | - Claude Emond
- PKSH Inc., Crabtree, Quebec, Canada; School of Public Health, DSEST, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Henri Schroeder
- Calbinotox, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Lorraine, Campus Aiguillettes, B.P. 70239, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France; UMR Inserm 1256 nGERE, Nutrition-Génétique et exposition aux risques environnementaux, Institute of Medical Research (Pôle BMS), University of Lorraine, B.P. 184, 54511 Nancy, France.
| | - Jonathan D Turner
- Immune Endocrine Epigenetics Research Group, Department of Infection and Immunity-Luxembourg Institute of Health, 29 rue Henri Koch, L-4354 Esch-Sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
| | - Nathalie Grova
- Immune Endocrine Epigenetics Research Group, Department of Infection and Immunity-Luxembourg Institute of Health, 29 rue Henri Koch, L-4354 Esch-Sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Calbinotox, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Lorraine, Campus Aiguillettes, B.P. 70239, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France; UMR Inserm 1256 nGERE, Nutrition-Génétique et exposition aux risques environnementaux, Institute of Medical Research (Pôle BMS), University of Lorraine, B.P. 184, 54511 Nancy, France.
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16
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Islam MR, Nyholt DR. Cross-trait analyses identify shared genetics between migraine, headache, and glycemic traits, and a causal relationship with fasting proinsulin. Hum Genet 2023; 142:1149-1172. [PMID: 36808568 PMCID: PMC10449981 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-023-02532-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
The co-occurrence of migraine and glycemic traits has long been reported in observational epidemiological studies, but it has remained unknown how they are linked genetically. We used large-scale GWAS summary statistics on migraine, headache, and nine glycemic traits in European populations to perform cross-trait analyses to estimate genetic correlation, identify shared genomic regions, loci, genes, and pathways, and test for causal relationships. Out of the nine glycemic traits, significant genetic correlation was observed for fasting insulin (FI) and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) with both migraine and headache, while 2-h glucose was genetically correlated only with migraine. Among 1703 linkage disequilibrium (LD) independent regions of the genome, we found pleiotropic regions between migraine and FI, fasting glucose (FG), and HbA1c, and pleiotropic regions between headache and glucose, FI, HbA1c, and fasting proinsulin. Cross-trait GWAS meta-analysis with glycemic traits, identified six novel genome-wide significant lead SNPs with migraine, and six novel lead SNPs with headache (Pmeta < 5.0 × 10-8 and Psingle-trait < 1 × 10-4), all of which were LD-independent. Genes with a nominal gene-based association (Pgene ≤ 0.05) were significantly enriched (overlapping) across the migraine, headache, and glycemic traits. Mendelian randomisation analyses produced intriguing, but inconsistent, evidence for a causal relationship between migraine and headache with multiple glycemic traits; and consistent evidence suggesting increased fasting proinsulin levels may causally decrease the risk of headache. Our findings indicate that migraine, headache, and glycemic traits share a common genetic etiology and provide genetic insights into the molecular mechanisms contributing to their comorbid relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Rafiqul Islam
- Statistical and Genomic Epidemiology Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
| | - Dale R Nyholt
- Statistical and Genomic Epidemiology Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
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17
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Yao J, He Z, You G, Liu Q, Li N. The Deficits of Insulin Signal in Alzheimer's Disease and the Mechanisms of Vanadium Compounds in Curing AD. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:6365-6382. [PMID: 37623221 PMCID: PMC10453015 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45080402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Vanadium is a well-known essential trace element, which usually exists in oxidation states in the form of a vanadate cation intracellularly. The pharmacological study of vanadium began with the discovery of its unexpected inhibitory effect on ATPase. Thereafter, its protective effects on β cells and its ability in glucose metabolism regulation were observed from the vanadium compound, leading to the application of vanadium compounds in clinical trials for curing diabetes. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common dementia disease in elderly people. However, there are still no efficient agents for treating AD safely to date. This is mainly because of the complexity of the pathology, which is characterized by senile plaques composed of the amyloid-beta (Aβ) protein in the parenchyma of the brain and the neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), which are derived from the hyperphosphorylated tau protein in the neurocyte, along with mitochondrial damage, and eventually the central nervous system (CNS) atrophy. AD was also illustrated as type-3 diabetes because of the observations of insulin deficiency and the high level of glucose in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), as well as the impaired insulin signaling in the brain. In this review, we summarize the advances in applicating the vanadium compound to AD treatment in experimental research and point out the limitations of the current study using vanadium compounds in AD treatment. We hope this will help future studies in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyi Yao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China; (J.Y.)
| | - Zhijun He
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China; (J.Y.)
| | - Guanying You
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China; (J.Y.)
| | - Qiong Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China; (J.Y.)
| | - Nan Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China; (J.Y.)
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518055, China
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18
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Pang B, Zhang LL, Li B, Sun FX, Wang ZD. The sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor ertugliflozin for Alzheimer's disease: Inhibition of brain insulin signaling disruption-induced tau hyperphosphorylation. Physiol Behav 2023; 263:114134. [PMID: 36809844 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2023.114134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
An antidiabetic agent sodium glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor ertugliflozin has been revealed to bind to catalytic anionic site of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), which is considered to be associated with the cognitive decline in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). The aim of the present study was thus to probe the effect of ertugliflozin on AD. Intracerebroventricular injection of streptozotocin (STZ/i.c.v) (3 mg/kg) was done bilaterally in male Wistar rats at 7-8 weeks of age. Two treatment doses (5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg) of ertugliflozin were given intragastrically to STZ/i.c.v-induced rats for 20 days daily for behavioral assessment. Biochemical estimations of cholinergic activity, neuronal apoptosis, mitochondrial function and synaptic plasticity were performed. Behavioral results with ertugliflozin treatment revealed attenuation of cognitive deficit. Ertugliflozin also inhibited hippocampal AChE activity, downregulated pro-apoptotic marker expression, as well as mitigated mitochondrial dysfunction and synaptic damage in STZ/i.c.v rats. Importantly, we found that the hyperphosphorylation of tau in the hippocampus of STZ/i.c.v rats was decreased after oral administration of ertugliflozin, which was accompanied by decreased Phospho.IRS-1Ser307/Total.IRS-1 ratio and increased Phospho.AktSer473/Total.Akt and Phospho.GSK3βSer9/Total.GSK3β ratios. Our results indicated that treatment with ertugliflozin reversed AD pathology, which may be associated with inhibition of insulin signaling disruption-induced tau hyperphosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Pang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300134, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Lu-Lu Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Bin Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300134, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Feng-Xian Sun
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhi-Da Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300134, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300134, China.
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19
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Colin IM, Szczepanski LW, Gérard AC, Elosegi JA. Emerging Evidence for the Use of Antidiabetic Drugs, Glucagon-like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonists, for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. TOUCHREVIEWS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY 2023; 19:16-24. [PMID: 37313236 PMCID: PMC10258618 DOI: 10.17925/ee.2023.19.1.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
From an epidemiological and pathophysiological point of view, Alzheimer's disease (AD) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) should be considered 'sister' diseases. T2DM significantly increases the risk of developing AD, and the mechanisms of neuronal degeneration themselves worsen peripheral glucose metabolism in multiple ways. The pathophysiological links between the two diseases, particularly cerebral insulin resistance, which causes neuronal degeneration, are so close that AD is sometimes referred to as 'type 3 diabetes'. Although the latest news on the therapeutic front for AD is encouraging, no treatment has been shown to halt disease progression permanently. At best, the treatments slow down the progression; at worst, they are inactive, or cause worrying side effects, preventing their use on a larger scale. Therefore, it appears logical that optimizing the metabolic milieu through preventive or curative measures can also slow down the cerebral degeneration that characterizes AD. Among the different classes of hypoglycaemic drugs, glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists, which are widely used in the treatment of T2DM, were shown to slow down, or even prevent, neuronal degeneration. Data from animal, preclinical, clinical phase II, cohort and large cardiovascular outcomes studies are encouraging. Of course, randomized clinical phase III studies, which are on-going, will be essential to verify this hypothesis. Thus, for once, there is hope for slowing down the neurodegenerative processes associated with diabetes, and that hope is the focus of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ides M Colin
- Endocrino-Diabetology Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Régional Mons-Hainaut/Groupe Jolimont, Mons Belgium/Groupe Helora, Mons, Belgium
| | - Lidia W Szczepanski
- Endocrino-Diabetology Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Régional Mons-Hainaut/Groupe Jolimont, Mons Belgium/Groupe Helora, Mons, Belgium
| | - Anne-Catherine Gérard
- Endocrino-Diabetology Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Régional Mons-Hainaut/Groupe Jolimont, Mons Belgium/Groupe Helora, Mons, Belgium
- Group of Animal Molecular and Cellular Biology, Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Jose-Antonio Elosegi
- Neurology Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Ambroise Paré, Mons Belgium/Groupe Helora, Mons, Belgium
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20
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Sabari SS, Balasubramani K, Iyer M, Sureshbabu HW, Venkatesan D, Gopalakrishnan AV, Narayanaswamy A, Senthil Kumar N, Vellingiri B. Type 2 Diabetes (T2DM) and Parkinson's Disease (PD): a Mechanistic Approach. Mol Neurobiol 2023:10.1007/s12035-023-03359-y. [PMID: 37118323 PMCID: PMC10144908 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03359-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Growing evidence suggest that there is a connection between Parkinson's disease (PD) and insulin dysregulation in the brain, whilst the connection between PD and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is still up for debate. Insulin is widely recognised to play a crucial role in neuronal survival and brain function; any changes in insulin metabolism and signalling in the central nervous system (CNS) can lead to the development of various brain disorders. There is accumulating evidence linking T2DM to PD and other neurodegenerative diseases. In fact, they have a lot in common patho-physiologically, including insulin dysregulation, oxidative stress resulting in mitochondrial dysfunction, microglial activation, and inflammation. As a result, initial research should focus on the role of insulin and its molecular mechanism in order to develop therapeutic outcomes. In this current review, we will look into the link between T2DM and PD, the function of insulin in the brain, and studies related to impact of insulin in causing T2DM and PD. Further, we have also highlighted the role of various insulin signalling pathway in both T2DM and PD. We have also suggested that T2DM-targeting pharmacological strategies as potential therapeutic approach for individuals with cognitive impairment, and we have demonstrated the effectiveness of T2DM-prescribed drugs through current PD treatment trials. In conclusion, this investigation would fill a research gap in T2DM-associated Parkinson's disease (PD) with a potential therapy option.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sri Sabari
- Department of Zoology, School of Basic Sciences, Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine/Translational Research, Central University of Punjab (CUPB), Bathinda, 151401, Punjab, India
- Human Molecular Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kiruthika Balasubramani
- Human Molecular Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mahalaxmi Iyer
- Department of Biotechnology, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education (Deemed to Be University), Coimbatore, 641021, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Harysh Winster Sureshbabu
- Department of Zoology, School of Basic Sciences, Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine/Translational Research, Central University of Punjab (CUPB), Bathinda, 151401, Punjab, India
- Human Molecular Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Dhivya Venkatesan
- Human Molecular Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Abilash Valsala Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, 632 014, India
| | - Arul Narayanaswamy
- Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Nachimuthu Senthil Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Mizoram University (A Central University), Aizawl, 796004, Mizoram, India
| | - Balachandar Vellingiri
- Department of Zoology, School of Basic Sciences, Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine/Translational Research, Central University of Punjab (CUPB), Bathinda, 151401, Punjab, India.
- Human Molecular Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Datta A, Saha C, Godse P, Sharma M, Sarmah D, Bhattacharya P. Neuroendocrine regulation in stroke. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2023; 34:260-277. [PMID: 36922255 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2023.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
The neuroendocrine system, a crosstalk between the central nervous system and endocrine glands, balances and controls hormone secretion and their functions. Neuroendocrine pathways and mechanisms often get dysregulated following stroke, leading to altered hormone secretion and aberrant receptor expression. Dysregulation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis and hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis often led to severe stroke outcomes. Post-stroke complications such as cognitive impairment, depression, infection etc. are directly or indirectly influenced by the altered neuroendocrine activity that plays a crucial role in stroke vulnerability and susceptibility. Therefore, it is imperative to explore various neurohormonal inter-relationships in regulating stroke, its outcome, and prognosis. Here, we review the biology of different hormones associated with stroke and explore their regulation with a view towards prospective therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aishika Datta
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat-382355, India
| | - Chandrima Saha
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat-382355, India
| | - Pratiksha Godse
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat-382355, India
| | - Muskaan Sharma
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat-382355, India
| | - Deepaneeta Sarmah
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat-382355, India
| | - Pallab Bhattacharya
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat-382355, India.
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22
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Fu J, Yu L, Yu Q, Yu N, Xu F, Li S. Ginsenoside compound K reduces ischemia/reperfusion-induced neuronal apoptosis by inhibiting PTP1B-mediated IRS1 tyrosine dephosphorylation. J Ginseng Res 2023; 47:274-282. [PMID: 36926615 PMCID: PMC10014182 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2022.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ginsenoside compound K (CK) stimulated activation of the PI3K-Akt signaling is one of the major mechanisms in promoting cell survival after stroke. However, the underlying mediators remain poorly understood. This study aimed to explore the docking protein of ginsenoside CK mediating the neuroprotective effects. Materials and methods Molecular docking, surface plasmon resonance, and cellular thermal shift assay were performed to explore ginsenoside CK interacting proteins. Neuroscreen-1 cells and middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model in rats were utilized as in-vitro and in-vivo models. Results Ginsenoside CK interacted with recombinant human PTP1B protein and impaired its tyrosine phosphatase activity. Pathway and process enrichment analysis confirmed the involvement of PTP1B and its interacting proteins in PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. PTP1B overexpression reduced the tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) after oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) in neuroscreen-1 cells. These regulations were confirmed in the ipsilateral ischemic hemisphere of the rat brains after MCAO/R. Ginsenoside CK treatment reversed these alterations and attenuated neuronal apoptosis. Conclusion Ginsenoside CK binds to PTP1B with a high affinity and inhibits PTP1B-mediated IRS1 tyrosine dephosphorylation. This novel mechanism helps explain the role of ginsenoside CK in activating the neuronal protective PI3K-Akt signaling pathway after ischemia-reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Fu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Liang Yu
- Department of Neurology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Qian Yu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Nengwei Yu
- Department of Neurology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Fei Xu
- Department of Neurology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Suping Li
- Department of Neurology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
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Zorina II, Avrova NF, Zakharova IO, Shpakov AO. Prospects for the Use of Intranasally Administered Insulin and Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 in Cerebral Ischemia. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2023; 88:374-391. [PMID: 37076284 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297923030070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
Abstract
Current approaches to the treatment of stroke have significant limitations, and neuroprotective therapy is ineffective. In view of this, searching for effective neuroprotectors and developing new neuroprotective strategies remain a pressing topic in research of cerebral ischemia. Insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) play a key role in the brain functioning by regulating the growth, differentiation, and survival of neurons, neuronal plasticity, food intake, peripheral metabolism, and endocrine functions. Insulin and IGF-1 produce multiple effects in the brain, including neuroprotective action in cerebral ischemia and stroke. Experiments in animals and cell cultures have shown that under hypoxic conditions, insulin and IGF-1 improve energy metabolism in neurons and glial cells, promote blood microcirculation in the brain, restore nerve cell functions and neurotransmission, and produce the anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic effects on brain cells. The intranasal route of insulin and IGF-1 administration is of particular interest in the clinical practice, since it allows controlled delivery of these hormones directly to the brain, bypassing the blood-brain barrier. Intranasally administered insulin alleviated cognitive impairments in elderly people with neurodegenerative and metabolic disorders; intranasally administered insulin and IGF-1 promoted survival of animals with ischemic stroke. The review discusses the published data and results of our own studies on the mechanisms of neuroprotective action of intranasally administered insulin and IGF-1 in cerebral ischemia, as well as the prospects of using these hormones for normalization of CNS functions and reduction of neurodegenerative changes in this pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inna I Zorina
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint-Petersburg, 194223, Russia.
| | - Natalia F Avrova
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint-Petersburg, 194223, Russia
| | - Irina O Zakharova
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint-Petersburg, 194223, Russia
| | - Alexander O Shpakov
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint-Petersburg, 194223, Russia
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24
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Li J, He Y, Fu J, Wang Y, Fan X, Zhong T, Zhou H. Dietary supplementation of Acanthopanax senticosus extract alleviates motor deficits in MPTP-induced Parkinson's disease mice and its underlying mechanism. Front Nutr 2023; 9:1121789. [PMID: 36865944 PMCID: PMC9971719 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1121789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Acanthopanax senticosus extract (ASE), a dietary supplement with antifatigue, neuroprotective, and immunomodulatory properties, has been widely used due to its high polyphenol content. Our previous study showed that ASE could be used to treat Parkinson's disease (PD) as it contains multiple monoamine oxidase B inhibitors prescribed in early PD. However, its mechanism remains ambiguous. In this study, we investigated the protective effects of ASE on MPTP-induced PD in mice and explored the underlying mechanisms of action. We found that the administration of ASE significantly improved motor coordination in mice with MPTP-induced PD. As shown by quantitative proteomic analysis, 128 proteins' expression significantly changed in response to ASE administration, most of which were involved with Fcγ receptor-mediated phagocytosis in macrophages and monocytes signaling pathway, PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, and insulin receptor signaling pathway. Furthermore, the network analysis results showed that ASE modulates protein networks involved in regulating cellular assembly, lipid metabolism, and morphogenesis, all of which have implications for treating PD. Overall, ASE served as a potential therapeutic because it regulated multiple targets to improve motor deficits, which could lay the strong foundation for developing anti-PD dietary supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingbin Li
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, Ministry of Education, Institute of Plant Resources, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian, China
| | - Yang He
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jia Fu
- School of Health, Zhuhai College of Science and Technology, Zhuhai, China
| | - Yimin Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xing Fan
- School of Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Tian Zhong
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, Macao SAR, China,*Correspondence: Tian Zhong,
| | - Hui Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, Ministry of Education, Institute of Plant Resources, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian, China,Hui Zhou,
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25
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Shpakov AO, Zorina II, Derkach KV. Hot Spots for the Use of Intranasal Insulin: Cerebral Ischemia, Brain Injury, Diabetes Mellitus, Endocrine Disorders and Postoperative Delirium. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:3278. [PMID: 36834685 PMCID: PMC9962062 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
A decrease in the activity of the insulin signaling system of the brain, due to both central insulin resistance and insulin deficiency, leads to neurodegeneration and impaired regulation of appetite, metabolism, endocrine functions. This is due to the neuroprotective properties of brain insulin and its leading role in maintaining glucose homeostasis in the brain, as well as in the regulation of the brain signaling network responsible for the functioning of the nervous, endocrine, and other systems. One of the approaches to restore the activity of the insulin system of the brain is the use of intranasally administered insulin (INI). Currently, INI is being considered as a promising drug to treat Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment. The clinical application of INI is being developed for the treatment of other neurodegenerative diseases and improve cognitive abilities in stress, overwork, and depression. At the same time, much attention has recently been paid to the prospects of using INI for the treatment of cerebral ischemia, traumatic brain injuries, and postoperative delirium (after anesthesia), as well as diabetes mellitus and its complications, including dysfunctions in the gonadal and thyroid axes. This review is devoted to the prospects and current trends in the use of INI for the treatment of these diseases, which, although differing in etiology and pathogenesis, are characterized by impaired insulin signaling in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander O. Shpakov
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194223 St. Petersburg, Russia
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26
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Lin Y, Gong Z, Ma C, Wang Z, Wang K. Relationship between glycemic control and cognitive impairment: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1126183. [PMID: 36776436 PMCID: PMC9909073 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1126183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetes mellitus, or hyperglycemia, is an independent risk factor for cognitive impairment. Here we systematically analyzed whether glycemic control could improve cognitive impairment in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), hyperglycemia, or insulin resistance. Methods Three databases (PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library) and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched for randomized controlled trials analyzing the relationship between glycemic control and cognitive function assessments, published from database inception to June 2022. Patients in experimental groups were treated with antidiabetic drugs, while control groups were treated with a placebo or alternative antidiabetic drugs. Data analysis was conducted using RevMan 5.3 and StataSE-64, and standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Results Thirteen studies comprising 19,314 participants were included. Analysis revealed that glycemic control significantly attenuated the degree of decline in cognitive function assessment scores (SMD = 0.15; 95% CI 0.05, 0.26; p < 0.00001), and funnel plots confirmed no publication bias. Seven studies used Mini-Mental State Examination as the primary cognitive function assessment, showing that glycemic control significantly delayed the degree of decline in cognitive function assessment scores (SMD = 0.18; 95% CI 0.03, 0.34; p = 0.02). Similar results were seen in two studies using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment scale, but without significant difference (SMD = 0.05; 95% CI-0.10, 0.21; p = 0.51). One study using Auditory Word Learning Test (AVLT) showed that glycemic control significantly delayed the decline in cognitive function assessment scores (SMD = 0.52; 95% CI 0.11,0.93; p = 0.01), and another used Wechsler Memory Scale Revised, showing similar results (SMD = 1.45; 95% CI 0.86, 2.04; p < 0.00001). Likewise, a study that used Modified Mini-Mental State scale showed that glycemic control significantly delayed the decline in cognitive function assessment scores (SMD = -0.10; 95% CI-0.16, -0.03; p = 0.005). Lastly, one study used AVLT subtests to show that glycemic control delayed the decline in cognitive function assessment scores, although not statistically significant (SMD = 0.09; 95% CI-0.53, 0.71; p = 0.78). Conclusion Glycemic control through antidiabetic treatment correlates with the improvement of cognitive impairment in patients with DM, hyperglycemia or insulin resistance. However, further studies are needed to validate the results of this study. Systematic Review Registration PROSPERO, identifier CRD42022342260.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Lin
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhongying Gong
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chunchao Ma
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhiyun Wang
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China,*Correspondence: Kaiyuan Wang, ; Zhiyun Wang,
| | - Kaiyuan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, China,*Correspondence: Kaiyuan Wang, ; Zhiyun Wang,
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27
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Shypshyna M, Kolesnyk O, Fedulova S, Veselovsky N. Insulin modulates the paired-pulse plasticity at glutamatergic synapses of hippocampal neurons under hypoinsulinemia. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1132325. [PMID: 37025701 PMCID: PMC10072261 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1132325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoinsulinemia is a pathological consequence of diabetes mellitus that can cause a number of complications of the central and peripheral nervous system. Dysfunction of signaling cascades of insulin receptors under insulin deficiency can contribute to the development of cognitive disorders associated with impaired synaptic plasticity properties. Earlier we have shown that hypoinsulinemia causes a shift of short-term plasticity in glutamatergic hippocampal synapses from facilitation to depression and apparently involves mechanisms of glutamate release probability reduction. Here we used the whole cell patch-clamp recording of evoked glutamatergic excitatory postsynaptic currents (eEPSCs) and the method of local extracellular electrical stimulation of a single presynaptic axon to investigate the effect of insulin (100 nM) on the paired-pulse plasticity at glutamatergic synapses of cultured hippocampal neurons under hypoinsulinemia. Our data indicate that under normoinsulinemia additional insulin enhances the paired-pulse facilitation (PPF) of eEPSCs in hippocampal neurons by stimulating the glutamate release in their synapses. Under hypoinsulinemia, insulin did not have a significant effect on the parameters of paired-pulse plasticity on neurons of PPF subgroup, which may indicate the development of insulin resistance, while the effect of insulin on PPD neurons indicates its ability to recover the form normoinsulinemia, including the increasing probability of plasticity to the control level in of glutamate release in their synapses.
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28
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Wang Y, Hu H, Liu X, Guo X. Hypoglycemic medicines in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease: Pathophysiological links between AD and glucose metabolism. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1138499. [PMID: 36909158 PMCID: PMC9995522 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1138499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a global chronic disease in adults with beta-amyloid (Aβ) deposits and hyperphosphorylated tau protein as the pathologic characteristics. Although the exact etiology of AD is still not fully elucidated, aberrant metabolism including insulin signaling and mitochondria dysfunction plays an important role in the development of AD. Binding to insulin receptor substrates, insulin can transport through the blood-brain barrier (BBB), thus mediating insulin signaling pathways to regulate physiological functions. Impaired insulin signaling pathways, including PI3K/Akt/GSK3β and MAPK pathways, could cause damage to the brain in the pathogenesis of AD. Mitochondrial dysfunction and overexpression of TXNIP could also be causative links between AD and DM. Some antidiabetic medicines may have benefits in the treatment of AD. Metformin can be beneficial for cognition improvement in AD patients, although results from clinical trials were inconsistent. Exendin-4 may affect AD in animal models but there is a lack of clinical trials. Liraglutide and dulaglutide could also benefit AD patients in adequate clinical studies but not semaglutide. Dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors (DPP4is) such as saxagliptin, vildagliptin, linagliptin, and sitagliptin could boost cognitive function in animal models. And SGLT2 inhibitors such as empagliflozin and dapagliflozin were also considerably protective against new-onset dementia in T2DM patients. Insulin therapy is a promising therapy but some studies indicated that it may increase the risk of AD. Herbal medicines are helpful for cognitive function and neuroprotection in the brain. For example, polyphenols, alkaloids, glycosides, and flavonoids have protective benefits in cognition function and glucose metabolism. Focusing on glucose metabolism, we summarized the pharmacological mechanism of hypoglycemic drugs and herbal medicines. New treatment approaches including antidiabetic synthesized drugs and herbal medicines would be provided to patients with AD. More clinical trials are needed to produce definite evidence for the effectiveness of hypoglycemic medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Wang
- Dongfang Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Hu
- Dongfang Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyu Liu
- Dongfang Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangyu Guo
- Dongfang Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Coleman C, Martin I. Unraveling Parkinson's Disease Neurodegeneration: Does Aging Hold the Clues? JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2022; 12:2321-2338. [PMID: 36278358 PMCID: PMC9837701 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-223363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Aging is the greatest risk factor for Parkinson's disease (PD), suggesting that mechanisms driving the aging process promote PD neurodegeneration. Several lines of evidence support a role for aging in PD. First, hallmarks of brain aging such as mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress, loss of protein homeostasis, and neuroinflammation are centrally implicated in PD development. Second, mutations that cause monogenic PD are present from conception, yet typically only cause disease following a period of aging. Third, lifespan-extending genetic, dietary, or pharmacological interventions frequently attenuate PD-related neurodegeneration. These observations support a central role for aging in disease development and suggest that new discoveries in the biology of aging could be leveraged to elucidate novel mechanisms of PD pathophysiology. A recent rapid growth in our understanding of conserved molecular pathways that govern model organism lifespan and healthspan has highlighted a key role for metabolism and nutrient sensing pathways. Uncovering how metabolic pathways involving NAD+ consumption, insulin, and mTOR signaling link to the development of PD is underway and implicates metabolism in disease etiology. Here, we assess areas of convergence between nervous system aging and PD, evaluate the link between metabolism, aging, and PD and address the potential of metabolic interventions to slow or halt the onset of PD-related neurodegeneration drawing on evidence from cellular and animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin Coleman
- Department of Neurology, Jungers Center for Neurosciences, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Ian Martin
- Department of Neurology, Jungers Center for Neurosciences, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA,Correspondence to: Ian Martin, Jungers Center for Neurosciences Research, Department of Neurology - Mail Code L623, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239, USA. Tel.: +1 503 494 9140; E-mail:
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The Strategies for Treating "Alzheimer's Disease": Insulin Signaling May Be a Feasible Target. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:6172-6188. [PMID: 36547082 PMCID: PMC9777526 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44120421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by senile plaques formed by amyloid-beta (Aβ) extracellularly and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) formed by hyperphosphorylated tau protein intracellularly. Apart from these two features, insulin deficiency and insulin resistance have also been observed in AD brains. Thus, AD has also been referred to as type 3 diabetes by some of the scientists in this field. Insulin plays a pivotal role in learning and memory and is involved in regulating tau phosphorylation though the PI3KAkt-GSK3b signaling pathway. Interestingly, recent studies revealed that in AD brains the microglia transformed into a disease-associated microglia (DAM) status in a TREM2-dependent manner to restrain the toxicity of Aβ and propagation of tau. This also correlated with PI3K-Akt signaling through the adaptor of TREM2. Whether insulin has any effect on microglia activation in AD pathology is unclear so far. However, many studies demonstrated that diabetes increased the risk of AD. In this review, we summarize the main strategies for curing AD, including lowering the level of Aβ, suppressing the phosphorylation of tau, the ablation and/or repopulation of microglia, and especially the supply of insulin. We also propose that attention should be given to the influences of insulin on microglia in AD.
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Hamzé R, Delangre E, Tolu S, Moreau M, Janel N, Bailbé D, Movassat J. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Alzheimer's Disease: Shared Molecular Mechanisms and Potential Common Therapeutic Targets. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315287. [PMID: 36499613 PMCID: PMC9739879 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The global prevalence of diabetes mellitus and Alzheimer's disease is increasing alarmingly with the aging of the population. Numerous epidemiological data suggest that there is a strong association between type 2 diabetes and an increased risk of dementia. These diseases are both degenerative and progressive and share common risk factors. The amyloid cascade plays a key role in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease. The accumulation of amyloid beta peptides gradually leads to the hyperphosphorylation of tau proteins, which then form neurofibrillary tangles, resulting in neurodegeneration and cerebral atrophy. In Alzheimer's disease, apart from these processes, the alteration of glucose metabolism and insulin signaling in the brain seems to induce early neuronal loss and the impairment of synaptic plasticity, years before the clinical manifestation of the disease. The large amount of evidence on the existence of insulin resistance in the brain during Alzheimer's disease has led to the description of this disease as "type 3 diabetes". Available animal models have been valuable in the understanding of the relationships between type 2 diabetes and Alzheimer's disease, but to date, the mechanistical links are poorly understood. In this non-exhaustive review, we describe the main molecular mechanisms that may link these two diseases, with an emphasis on impaired insulin and IGF-1 signaling. We also focus on GSK3β and DYRK1A, markers of Alzheimer's disease, which are also closely associated with pancreatic β-cell dysfunction and type 2 diabetes, and thus may represent common therapeutic targets for both diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rim Hamzé
- Team Biology and Pathology of the Endocrine Pancreas, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, CNRS, Université Paris Cité, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Etienne Delangre
- Team Biology and Pathology of the Endocrine Pancreas, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, CNRS, Université Paris Cité, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Stefania Tolu
- Team Biology and Pathology of the Endocrine Pancreas, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, CNRS, Université Paris Cité, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Manon Moreau
- Team Degenerative Process, Stress and Aging, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, CNRS, Université Paris Cité, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Janel
- Team Degenerative Process, Stress and Aging, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, CNRS, Université Paris Cité, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Danielle Bailbé
- Team Biology and Pathology of the Endocrine Pancreas, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, CNRS, Université Paris Cité, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Jamileh Movassat
- Team Biology and Pathology of the Endocrine Pancreas, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, CNRS, Université Paris Cité, F-75013 Paris, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-1-57-27-77-82; Fax: +33-1-57-27-77-91
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Single and repeated bisphenol A treatment induces ROS, Aβ and hyperphosphorylated-tau accumulation, and insulin pathways disruption, through HDAC2 and PTP1B overexpression, leading to SN56 cholinergic apoptotic cell death. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 170:113500. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Al-Onaizi M, Al-Sarraf A, Braysh K, Kazem F, Al-Hussaini H, Rao M, Kilarkaje N, ElAli A. Impaired spatial navigation and age-dependent hippocampal synaptic dysfunction are associated with chronic inflammatory response in db/db mice. Eur J Neurosci 2022; 56:6003-6021. [PMID: 36226387 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) increases the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD), which has been proposed to be driven by an abnormal neuroinflammatory response affecting cognitive function. However, the impact of T2DM on hippocampal function and synaptic integrity during aging has not been investigated. Here, we investigated the effects of aging in T2DM on AD-like pathology using the leptin receptor-deficient db/db mouse model of T2DM. Our results indicate that adult T2DM mice exhibited impaired spatial acquisition in the Morris water maze (MWM). Morphological analysis showed an age-dependent neuronal loss in the dentate gyrus. We found that astrocyte density was significantly decreased in all regions of the hippocampus in T2DM mice. Our analysis showed that microglial activation was increased in the CA3 and the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus in an age-dependent manner in T2DM mice. However, the expression of presynaptic marker protein (synaptophysin) and the postsynaptic marker protein [postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD95)] was unchanged in the hippocampus of adult T2DM mice. Interestingly, synaptophysin and PSD95 expression significantly decreased in the hippocampus of aged T2DM mice, suggesting an impaired hippocampal synaptic integrity. Cytokine profiling analysis displayed a robust pro-inflammatory cytokine profile in the hippocampus of aged T2DM mice compared with the younger cohort, outlining the role of aging in exacerbating the neuroinflammatory profile in the diabetic state. Our results suggest that T2DM impairs cognitive function by promoting neuronal loss in the dentate gyrus and triggering an age-dependent deterioration in hippocampal synaptic integrity, associated with an aberrant neuroinflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Al-Onaizi
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Ahmad Al-Sarraf
- Undergraduate Medical Degree Program, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Kawthar Braysh
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Fatema Kazem
- Undergraduate Medical Degree Program, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Heba Al-Hussaini
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Muddanna Rao
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Narayana Kilarkaje
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Ayman ElAli
- Neuroscience Axis, Research Center of CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
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Singh DD, Shati AA, Alfaifi MY, Elbehairi SEI, Han I, Choi EH, Yadav DK. Development of Dementia in Type 2 Diabetes Patients: Mechanisms of Insulin Resistance and Antidiabetic Drug Development. Cells 2022; 11:cells11233767. [PMID: 36497027 PMCID: PMC9738282 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Dementia is reported to be common in those with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Type 2 diabetes contributes to common molecular mechanisms and an underlying pathology with dementia. Brain cells becoming resistant to insulin leads to elevated blood glucose levels, impaired synaptic plasticity, microglial overactivation, mitochondrial dysfunction, neuronal apoptosis, nutrient deprivation, TAU (Tubulin-Associated Unit) phosphorylation, and cholinergic dysfunction. If insulin has neuroprotective properties, insulin resistance may interfere with those properties. Risk factors have a significant impact on the development of diseases, such as diabetes, obesity, stroke, and other conditions. Analysis of risk factors of importance for the association between diabetes and dementia is important because they may impede clinical management and early diagnosis. We discuss the pathological and physiological mechanisms behind the association between Type 2 diabetes mellitus and dementia, such as insulin resistance, insulin signaling, and sporadic forms of dementia; the relationship between insulin receptor activation and TAU phosphorylation; dementia and mRNA expression and downregulation of related receptors; neural modulation due to insulin secretion and glucose homeostasis; and neuronal apoptosis due to insulin resistance and Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Addressing these factors will offer clinical outcome-based insights into the mechanisms and connection between patients with type 2 diabetes and cognitive impairment. Furthermore, we will explore the role of brain insulin resistance and evidence for anti-diabetic drugs in the prevention of dementia risk in type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desh Deepak Singh
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur 303002, India
| | - Ali A. Shati
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 9004, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Y. Alfaifi
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 9004, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ihn Han
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Applied Plasma Medicine Center, Department of Electrical & Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ha Choi
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Applied Plasma Medicine Center, Department of Electrical & Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (E.-H.C.); (D.K.Y.); Tel.: +82-32-820-4947 (D.K.Y.)
| | - Dharmendra K. Yadav
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Hambakmoeiro 191, Yeonsu-gu, Gachon University, Incheon 21924, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (E.-H.C.); (D.K.Y.); Tel.: +82-32-820-4947 (D.K.Y.)
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Qeva E, Sollazzo C, Bilotta F. Insulin signaling in the central nervous system, a possible pathophysiological mechanism of anesthesia-induced delayed neurocognitive recovery/postoperative neurocognitive disorder: a narrative review. Expert Rev Neurother 2022; 22:839-847. [PMID: 36332201 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2022.2144234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Impairment in neurocognitive functions ranges between delayed neurocognitive recovery (DNR) and postoperative neurocognitive disorders (pNCD). Incidence varies from 11% after noncardiac surgery to 60% after cardiac surgery. AREAS COVERED Insulin receptors (IRs) signaling pathway in the central nervous system (CNS) could be a possible pathophysiological mechanism of anesthesia-induced DNR/pNCD and perioperative intranasal insulin administration could be a preventive approach. This hypothesis is supported by the following evidence: effects of IRs-CNS signaling pathway on neuromodulation; higher incidence of DNR/pNCD in patients with insulin resistance; neurotoxicity of IRs signaling pathways after anesthetic exposure; improvement of neurocognitive impairment after insulin exposure. This narrative review was conducted after a literature search of PubMed, EMBASE and SCOPUS online medical data performed in May 2022. EXPERT OPINION Perioperative intranasal insulin is shown to be protective and future studies should address: the role of insulin as a neuromodulator; its integration into neuroprotection approaches; patient populations that might benefit from this approach; a well-defined protocol of intranasal insulin administration in a perioperative background and other disciplines; and possible collateral effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ega Qeva
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 'Policlinico Umberto I' Hospital, 00161 Rome, Italy.,Department of Anesthesia, Intensive Care and Emergency, University of Turin, 'Città Della Salute e Della Scienza' Hospital, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Camilla Sollazzo
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 'Policlinico Umberto I' Hospital, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Federico Bilotta
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 'Policlinico Umberto I' Hospital, 00161 Rome, Italy
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36
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Mak KWY, Mustafa AF, Belsham DD. Neuroendocrine microRNAs linked to energy homeostasis: future therapeutic potential. Pharmacol Rep 2022; 74:774-789. [PMID: 36083576 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-022-00409-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The brain orchestrates whole-body metabolism through an intricate system involving interneuronal crosstalk and communication. Specifically, a key player in this complex circuitry is the hypothalamus that controls feeding behaviour, energy expenditure, body weight and metabolism, whereby hypothalamic neurons sense and respond to circulating hormones, nutrients, and chemicals. Dysregulation of these neurons contributes to the development of metabolic disorders, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. The involvement of hypothalamic microRNAs, post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression, in the central regulation of energy homeostasis has become increasingly apparent, although not completely delineated. This review summarizes current evidence demonstrating the regulation of feeding-related neuropeptides by brain-derived microRNAs as well as the regulation of specific miRNAs by nutrients and other peripheral signals. Moreover, the involvement of microRNAs in the central nervous system control of insulin, leptin, and estrogen signal transduction is examined. Finally, the therapeutic and diagnostic potential of microRNAs for metabolic disorders will be discussed and the regulation of brain-derived microRNAs by nutrients and other peripheral signals is considered. Demonstrating a critical role of microRNAs in hypothalamic regulation of energy homeostasis is an innovative route to uncover novel biomarkers and therapeutic candidates for metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly W Y Mak
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building 3247A, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Aws F Mustafa
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building 3247A, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Denise D Belsham
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building 3247A, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Chen HC, Wang CY, Chen HH, Liou HH. Cost-effectiveness of the add-on exenatide to conventional treatment in patients with Parkinson’s disease when considering the coexisting effects of diabetes mellitus. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0269006. [PMID: 35951654 PMCID: PMC9371359 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aims to investigate the cost-effectiveness of the add-on exenatide to conventional pharmacotherapy in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) when considering the coexistence of diabetes mellitus (DM). Methods We used the Keelung and Community-based Integrated Screening databases to understand the medical utilisation in the Hoehn and Yahr stages of patients with PD. A Markov model with 1-year cycle length and 50-year time horizon was used to assess the cost-effectiveness of add-on exenatide to conventional pharmacotherapy compared to conventional pharmacotherapy alone. All costs were adjusted to the value of the new Taiwanese dollar (NT$) as of the year 2020. One-way sensitivity and probability analyses were performed to test the robustness of the results. Results From a societal perspective, the add-on exenatide brought an average of 0.39 quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) gained, and a cost increment of NT$104,744 per person in a 50-year horizon compared to conventional pharmacotherapy. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) was NT$268,333 per QALY gained. As the ICER was less than the gross domestic product per capita (NT$839,558), the add-on exenatide was considered to be very cost-effective in the two models, according to the World Health Organization recommendation. Add-on exenatide had a 96.9% probability of being cost-effective in patients with PD, and a 100% probability of being cost-effective in patients with PD and DM. Conclusion Add-on exenatide is cost-effective in PD combined with DM. Considering that DM may be a risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases, exenatide provides both clinical benefits and cost-effectiveness when considering both PD and DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsuan-Chih Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Yu Wang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacy, National Taiwan University Hospital Yun-Lin Branch, Douliu, Taiwan
- National Center for Geriatrics and Welfare Research, National Health Research Institutes, Yunlin, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Hsi Chen
- Institute of Epidemiology and Prevention Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Horng- Huei Liou
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Yunlin Branch, Yunlin, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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The role of NURR1 in metabolic abnormalities of Parkinson's disease. Mol Neurodegener 2022; 17:46. [PMID: 35761385 PMCID: PMC9235236 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-022-00544-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A constant metabolism and energy supply are crucial to all organs, particularly the brain. Age-dependent neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson’s disease (PD), are associated with alterations in cellular metabolism. These changes have been recognized as a novel hot topic that may provide new insights to help identify risk in the pre-symptomatic phase of the disease, understand disease pathogenesis, track disease progression, and determine critical endpoints. Nuclear receptor-related factor 1 (NURR1), an orphan member of the nuclear receptor superfamily of transcription factors, is a major risk factor in the pathogenesis of PD, and changes in NURR1 expression can have a detrimental effect on cellular metabolism. In this review, we discuss recent evidence that suggests a vital role of NURR1 in dopaminergic (DAergic) neuron development and the pathogenesis of PD. The association between NURR1 and cellular metabolic abnormalities and its implications for PD therapy have been further highlighted.
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Jeong JH, Lee DH, Song J. HMGB1 signaling pathway in diabetes-related dementia: Blood-brain barrier breakdown, brain insulin resistance, and Aβ accumulation. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 150:112933. [PMID: 35413600 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes contributes to the onset of various diseases, including cancer and cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Recent studies have highlighted the similarities and relationship between diabetes and dementia as an important issue for treating diabetes-related cognitive deficits. Diabetes-related dementia exhibits several features, including blood-brain barrier disruption, brain insulin resistance, and Aβ over-accumulation. High-mobility group box1 (HMGB1) is a protein known to regulate gene transcription and cellular mechanisms by binding to DNA or chromatin via receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). Recent studies have demonstrated that the interplay between HMGB1, RAGE, and TLR4 can impact both neuropathology and diabetic alterations. Herein, we review the recent research regarding the roles of HMGB1-RAGE-TLR4 axis in diabetes-related dementia from several perspectives and emphasize the importance of the influence of HMGB1 in diabetes-related dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Ho Jeong
- Department of Microbiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dong Hoon Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chonnam National University Medical School, and Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun 58128, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea.
| | - Juhyun Song
- Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea.
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40
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Yang X, Feng P, Ji R, Ren Y, Wei W, Hölscher C. Therapeutic application of GLP-1 and GIP receptor agonists in Parkinson's disease. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2022; 26:445-460. [PMID: 35584372 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2022.2079492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diabetes is a risk factor for Parkinson's disease (PD) and shares similar dysregulated insulin pathways. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogs originally designed to treat diabetes have shown potent neuroprotective activity in preclinical studies of PD. They are neuroprotective by inhibiting inflammation, improving neuronal survival, maintenance of synapses, and dopaminergic transmission in the brain. Building on this, three clinical studies have reported impressive effects in patients with PD, testing exendin-4 (Exenatide, Bydureon) or liraglutide (Victoza, Saxenda). Glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) is another peptide hormone that has shown good effects in animal models of PD. Novel dual GLP-1/GIP agonists have been developed that can penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and show superior effects in animal models compared to GLP-1 drugs. AREAS COVERED The review summarizes preclinical and clinical studies testing GLP-1R agonists and dual GLP-1/GIPR agonists in PD and discusses possible mechanisms of action. EXPERT OPINION Current strategies to treat PD by lowering the levels of alpha-synuclein have not shown effects in clinical trials. It is time to move on from the 'misfolding protein' hypothesis. Growth factors such as GLP-1 that can cross the BBB have already shown impressive effects in patients and are the future of drug discovery in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Yang
- Department of Neurology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, No. 221 West Yan' an Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Feng
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, No. 382 Wuyi Road, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Rong Ji
- Department of Neurology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, No. 221 West Yan' an Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiqing Ren
- Department of Neurology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, No. 221 West Yan' an Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenshi Wei
- Department of Neurology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, No. 221 West Yan' an Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Christian Hölscher
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, No. 382 Wuyi Road, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi Province, China.,Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 233 Zhongyuan Road, Zhengzhou, China
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Zakharova IO, Bayunova LV, Derkach KV, Ilyasov IO, Shpakov AO, Avrova NF. Effects of Intranasally Administered Insulin and Gangliosides on Metabolic Parameters and Activity of the Hepatic Insulin System in Rats with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093022020077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Javaid MA, Selim M, Ortega-Gutierrez S, Lattanzi S, Zargar S, Alaouieh DA, Hong E, Divani AA. Potential application of intranasal insulin delivery for treatment of intracerebral hemorrhage: A review of the literature. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2022; 31:106489. [PMID: 35489182 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2022.106489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a devastating subtype of stroke associated with high morbidity and mortality that is considered a medical emergency, mainly managed with adequate blood pressure control and creating a favorable hemostatic condition. However, to date, none of the randomized clinical trials have led to an effective treatment for ICH. It is vital to better understand the mechanisms underlying brain injury to effectively decrease ICH-associated morbidity and mortality. It is well known that initial hematoma formation and its expansion have detrimental consequences. The literature has recently focused on other pathological processes, including oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, blood-brain barrier disruption, edema formation, and neurotoxicity, that constitute secondary brain injury. Since conventional management has failed to improve clinical outcomes significantly, various neuroprotective therapies are tested in preclinical and clinical settings. Unlike intravenous administration, intranasal insulin can reach a higher concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid without causing systemic side effects. Intranasal insulin delivery has been introduced as a novel neuroprotective agent for certain neurological diseases, including ischemic stroke, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and traumatic brain injury. Since there is an overlap of mechanisms causing neuroinflammation in these neurological diseases and ICH, we believe that preclinical studies testing the role of intranasal insulin therapy in ICH are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Magdy Selim
- Stroke Division, Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Simona Lattanzi
- Neurological Clinic, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Shima Zargar
- Department of Neurology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | | | - Emily Hong
- School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Afshin A Divani
- Department of Neurology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
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Diabetic patients treated with metformin during early stages of Alzheimer's disease show a better integral performance: data from ADNI study. GeroScience 2022; 44:1791-1805. [PMID: 35445359 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-022-00568-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the effect of the antidiabetic drug metformin on patients enrolled in the ADNI study considering patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) due to Alzheimer's disease (AD). Employing data from this observational study, we performed a principal component analysis focusing on the cognitive sphere by evaluating data from neuropsychological tests included in a modified version of the Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study-Preclinical Alzheimer Cognitive Composite (ADCS-PACC). Second, we included the levels of amyloid-β, tau, and phosphorylated tau in CSF. We found that MCI metformin-treated patients were globally characterized as subjects with a better cognitive performance and CSF biomarkers profile than the mean population of MCI patients. On the other hand, control subjects and type 2 diabetes patients (T2D) were paired by age, gender, ApoE allele, and years of education, defining three groups: MCI, MCI + T2D, and MCI + T2D + metformin. We evaluated the effect of T2D and metformin treatment employing the PACC score and composites defined from standardized ADNI variables to evaluate the memory and learning function. We found that MCI + T2D patients had a worse cognitive performance than MCI patients, but this deleterious effect was not observed in MCI + T2D + metformin patients. These cognitive variations were associated with changes in cortical thickness and hippocampal volume. Finally, no differences were found in metabolic plasmatic parameters (glycemia, cholesterol, triglycerides). Our study-employing different strategies for data analysis from the global study ADNI-shows a beneficial effect of metformin treatment on cognitive performance, CSF biomarkers profile, and neuroanatomical measures in MCI due to AD patients.
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Hlushchuk I, Barut J, Airavaara M, Luk K, Domanskyi A, Chmielarz P. Cell Culture Media, Unlike the Presence of Insulin, Affect α-Synuclein Aggregation in Dopaminergic Neurons. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12040563. [PMID: 35454152 PMCID: PMC9024760 DOI: 10.3390/biom12040563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
There are several links between insulin resistance and neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson’s disease. However, the direct influence of insulin signaling on abnormal α-synuclein accumulation—a hallmark of Parkinson’s disease—remains poorly explored. To our best knowledge, this work is the first attempt to investigate the direct effects of insulin signaling on pathological α-synuclein accumulation induced by the addition of α-synuclein preformed fibrils in primary dopaminergic neurons. We found that modifying insulin signaling through (1) insulin receptor inhibitor GSK1904529A, (2) SHIP2 inhibitor AS1949490 or (3) PTEN inhibitor VO-OHpic failed to significantly affect α-synuclein aggregation in dopaminergic neurons, in contrast to the aggregation-reducing effects observed after the addition of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor. Subsequently, we tested different media formulations, with and without insulin. Again, removal of insulin from cell culturing media showed no effect on α-synuclein accumulation. We observed, however, a reduced α-synuclein aggregation in neurons cultured in neurobasal medium with a B27 supplement, regardless of the presence of insulin, in contrast to DMEM/F12 medium with an N2 supplement. The effects of culture conditions were present only in dopaminergic but not in primary cortical or hippocampal cells, indicating the unique sensitivity of the former. Altogether, our data contravene the direct involvement of insulin signaling in the modulation of α-synuclein aggregation in dopamine neurons. Moreover, we show that the choice of culturing media can significantly affect preformed fibril-induced α-synuclein phosphorylation in a primary dopaminergic cell culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irena Hlushchuk
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5D, 00790 Helsinki, Finland;
- Drug Research Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5E, 00014 Helsinki, Finland;
| | - Justyna Barut
- Department of Brain Biochemistry, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Mikko Airavaara
- Drug Research Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5E, 00014 Helsinki, Finland;
- Neuroscience Center, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kelvin Luk
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
| | - Andrii Domanskyi
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5D, 00790 Helsinki, Finland;
- Correspondence: (A.D.); (P.C.)
| | - Piotr Chmielarz
- Department of Brain Biochemistry, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343 Kraków, Poland;
- Correspondence: (A.D.); (P.C.)
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Ahmad R, Chowdhury K, Kumar S, Irfan M, Reddy GS, Akter F, Jahan D, Haque M. Diabetes Mellitus: A Path to Amnesia, Personality, and Behavior Change. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11030382. [PMID: 35336756 PMCID: PMC8945557 DOI: 10.3390/biology11030382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder resulting from a disturbance of insulin secretion, action, or both. Hyperglycemia and overproduction of superoxide induce the development and progression of chronic complications of DM. The impact of DM and its complication on the central nervous system (CNS) such as dementia and Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) still remain obscure. In dementia, there is a gradual decline in cognitive function. The incidence of dementia increases with age, and patient become socially, physically, and mentally more vulnerable and dependent. The symptoms often emerge decades after the onset of pathophysiology, thus impairing early therapeutic intervention. Most diabetic subjects who develop dementia are above the age of 65, but diabetes may also cause an increased risk of developing dementia before 65 years. Vascular dementia is the second most common form of dementia after AD. Type 2 DM (T2DM) increases the incidence of vascular dementia (since its covers the vascular system) and AD. The functional and structural integrity of the CNS is altered in T2DM due to increased synthesis of Aβ. Additionally, hyperphosphorylation of Tau protein also results from dysregulation of various signaling cascades in T2DM, thereby causing neuronal damage and AD. There is the prospect for development of a therapy that may help prevent or halt the progress of dementia resulting from T2DM. Abstract Type 2 diabetes mellitus is increasingly being associated with cognition dysfunction. Dementia, including vascular dementia and Alzheimer’s Disease, is being recognized as comorbidities of this metabolic disorder. The progressive hallmarks of this cognitive dysfunction include mild impairment of cognition and cognitive decline. Dementia and mild impairment of cognition appear primarily in older patients. Studies on risk factors, neuropathology, and brain imaging have provided important suggestions for mechanisms that lie behind the development of dementia. It is a significant challenge to understand the disease processes related to diabetes that affect the brain and lead to dementia development. The connection between diabetes mellitus and dysfunction of cognition has been observed in many human and animal studies that have noted that mechanisms related to diabetes mellitus are possibly responsible for aggravating cognitive dysfunction. This article attempts to narrate the possible association between Type 2 diabetes and dementia, reviewing studies that have noted this association in vascular dementia and Alzheimer’s Disease and helping to explain the potential mechanisms behind the disease process. A Google search for “Diabetes Mellitus and Dementia” was carried out. Search was also done for “Diabetes Mellitus”, “Vascular Dementia”, and “Alzheimer’s Disease”. The literature search was done using Google Scholar, Pubmed, Embase, ScienceDirect, and MEDLINE. Keeping in mind the increasing rate of Diabetes Mellitus, it is important to establish the Type 2 diabetes’ effect on the brain and diseases of neurodegeneration. This narrative review aims to build awareness regarding the different types of dementia and their relationship with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahnuma Ahmad
- Department of Physiology, Medical College for Women and Hospital, Dhaka 1230, Bangladesh;
| | - Kona Chowdhury
- Department of Pediatrics, Gonoshasthaya Samaj Vittik Medical College and Hospital, Dhaka 1344, Bangladesh;
| | - Santosh Kumar
- Department of Periodontology and Implantology, Karnavati School of Dentistry, Karnavati University, 907/A, Uvarsad Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382422, India;
| | - Mohammed Irfan
- Department of Forensics, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas 96020-010, RS, Brazil;
| | - Govindool Sharaschandra Reddy
- Department of Periodontics and Endodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA;
| | - Farhana Akter
- Department of Endocrinology, Chittagong Medical College, Chattogram 4203, Bangladesh;
| | - Dilshad Jahan
- Department of Hematology, Asgar Ali Hospital, 111/1/A Distillery Road, Gandaria Beside Dhupkhola, Dhaka 1204, Bangladesh;
| | - Mainul Haque
- Unit of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Defence Health, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia (National Defence University of Malaysia), Kem Perdana Sungai Besi, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
- Correspondence: or
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Alata W, Yogi A, Brunette E, Delaney CE, Faassen H, Hussack G, Iqbal U, Kemmerich K, Haqqani AS, Moreno MJ, Stanimirovic DB. Targeting insulin‐like growth factor‐1 receptor (IGF1R) for brain delivery of biologics. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22208. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101644r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wael Alata
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre National Research Council Canada Ottawa Ontario Canada
| | - Alvaro Yogi
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre National Research Council Canada Ottawa Ontario Canada
| | - Eric Brunette
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre National Research Council Canada Ottawa Ontario Canada
| | - Christie E. Delaney
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre National Research Council Canada Ottawa Ontario Canada
| | - Henk Faassen
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre National Research Council Canada Ottawa Ontario Canada
| | - Greg Hussack
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre National Research Council Canada Ottawa Ontario Canada
| | - Umar Iqbal
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre National Research Council Canada Ottawa Ontario Canada
| | - Kristin Kemmerich
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre National Research Council Canada Ottawa Ontario Canada
| | - Arsalan S. Haqqani
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre National Research Council Canada Ottawa Ontario Canada
| | - Maria J. Moreno
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre National Research Council Canada Ottawa Ontario Canada
| | - Danica B. Stanimirovic
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre National Research Council Canada Ottawa Ontario Canada
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Khan S, Pati S, Singh S, Akhtar M, Khare P, Khan S, Shafi S, Najmi AK. Targeting hypercoagulation to alleviate Alzheimer's disease progression in metabolic syndrome. Int J Obes (Lond) 2022; 46:245-254. [PMID: 34686782 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-021-00977-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) constitutes an important risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD); however, the mechanism linking these two disorders has not been completely elucidated. Hence, hypercoagulation may account for the missing hallmark connecting MetS and AD. The present review proposes how hemostatic imbalance triggered in MetS advances in the context of AD. MetS causes interruption of insulin signaling and inflammation, inciting insulin resistance in the brain. Subsequently, neuroinflammation and brain endothelial dysfunction are prompted that further intensify the exorbitant infiltration of circulating lipids and platelet aggregation, thereby causing hypercoagulable state, impairing fibrinolysis and eventually inducing prothrombic state in the brain leading to neurodegeneration. OBJECTIVE This study aims to understand the role of hypercoagulation in triggering the progression of neurodegeneration in MetS. It also offers a few interventions to prevent the progression of AD in MetS targeting hypercoagulation. METHODS Literature studies based on MetS related neurodegeneration, the impact of coagulation on aggravating obesity and AD via the mechanisms of BBB disruption, neuroinflammation, and hypofibrinolysis. CONCLUSION The present paper proposes the hypothesis that hypercoagulation might amplify MetS associated insulin resistance, neuroinflammation, BBB disruption, and amyloid beta accumulation which eventually leads to AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Khan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Soumya Pati
- Translational Neurobiology Laboratory. Host Pathogen Interactions & Disease Modeling Group, Dept. of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Greater Noida, Pin-201314, UP, India
| | - Shailja Singh
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Mohd Akhtar
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Piush Khare
- Wave Pharma Regulatory Services Limited, New Delhi, India
| | - Saba Khan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Sadat Shafi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Abul Kalam Najmi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India.
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Metabolic Features of Brain Function with Relevance to Clinical Features of Alzheimer and Parkinson Diseases. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27030951. [PMID: 35164216 PMCID: PMC8839962 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain metabolism is comprised in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD). Since the brain primarily relies on metabolism of glucose, ketone bodies, and amino acids, aspects of these metabolic processes in these disorders—and particularly how these altered metabolic processes are related to oxidative and/or nitrosative stress and the resulting damaged targets—are reviewed in this paper. Greater understanding of the decreased functions in brain metabolism in AD and PD is posited to lead to potentially important therapeutic strategies to address both of these disorders, which cause relatively long-lasting decreased quality of life in patients.
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Toward the Decipherment of Molecular Interactions in the Diabetic Brain. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10010115. [PMID: 35052794 PMCID: PMC8773210 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10010115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) has been associated with cognitive complications in the brain resulting from acute and chronic metabolic disturbances happening peripherally and centrally. Numerous studies have reported on the morphological, electrophysiological, biochemical, and cognitive changes in the brains of diabetic individuals. The detailed pathophysiological mechanisms implicated in the development of the diabetic cognitive phenotype remain unclear due to intricate molecular changes evolving over time and space. This review provides an insight into recent advances in understanding molecular events in the diabetic brain, focusing on cerebral glucose and insulin uptake, insulin action in the brain, and the role of the brain in the regulation of glucose homeostasis. Fully competent mitochondria are essential for energy metabolism and proper brain function; hence, the potential contribution of mitochondria to the DM-induced impairment of the brain is also discussed.
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Troshneva A, Ametov A. Parkinson’s disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus: interrelation of pathogenetic mechanisms and general therapeutic approaches. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2022; 122:12-18. [DOI: 10.17116/jnevro202212211212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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