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Yang DH, Lee HY, Choi W, Hyun CL, Kang KS. Mucosal Immunity Related to CD8 + T Lymphocytes in Children with Helicobacter pylori Gastritis. Pediatr Gastroenterol Hepatol Nutr 2024; 27:26-36. [PMID: 38249639 PMCID: PMC10796262 DOI: 10.5223/pghn.2024.27.1.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose We investigated the role of CD8+T cells as host immune factors in pediatric patients with Helicobacter pylori gastritis. Methods Gastric mucosal tissue and blood samples were collected from 39 children, including 11 children with H. pylori infection and 28 children as controls. Anti-CD8 and anti-T-bet antibodies were used for immunohistochemistry of the gastric mucosa. For the cell surface and intracellular staining, peripheral blood mononuclear cells were stained with anti-IL7Rα, anti-CX3CR1, anti-CD8, anti-T-bet, and anti-IFN-γ antibodies. Cytokines of sera such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and CX3CL1 were analyzed using enzyme- linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results In the immunohistochemistry of gastric mucosa, the frequency of CD8+ and T-bet+ T cells cells was higher in the H. pylori-positive group than in the control group (26.9± 7.8% vs. 16.9±3.3%, p<0.001; 5.0±2.5% vs. 2.2±0.7%, p=0.001). Between the control and H. pylori-positive groups, the frequency of IL-7RαlowCX3CR1+ CD8+ and T-bet+ INF-γ+ CD8+ T cells were not significantly different between surface and intracellular staining, respectively (40.4±24.0% vs. 38.2±17.8%, p=0.914; 40.4±24.0% vs. 38.2±17.8%, p=0.914). In the ELISA, no significant differences in TNF-α and CX3CL1 concentrations were observed between the control and H. pylori-positive groups (34.3±12.1 pg/mL vs. 47.0±22.6 pg/mL, p=0.114/0.5± 0.1 pg/mL vs. 0.5±0.1 pg/mL, p=0.188). Conclusion CD8+ T and Th1 cells, which secrete IFN-γ, might play important roles in the mucosal immunity of the stomach in children with H. pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Hee Yang
- Department of Medicine, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Korea
| | - Ha Young Lee
- Department of Medicine, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Korea
| | - Woohyuk Choi
- Department of Medicine, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Korea
| | - Chang-Lim Hyun
- Department of Pathology, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Korea
| | - Ki Soo Kang
- Department of Pediatrics, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Korea
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Kurabi A, Dewan K, Kerschner JE, Leichtle A, Li JD, Santa Maria PL, Preciado D. PANEL 3: Otitis media animal models, cell culture, tissue regeneration & pathophysiology. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2024; 176:111814. [PMID: 38101097 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2023.111814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review and summarize recently published key articles on the topics of animal models, cell culture studies, tissue biomedical engineering and regeneration, and new models in relation to otitis media (OM). DATA SOURCE Electronic databases: PubMed, National Library of Medicine, Ovid Medline. REVIEW METHODS Key topics were assigned to the panel participants for identification and detailed evaluation. The PubMed reviews were focused on the period from June 2019 to June 2023, in any of the objective subject(s) or keywords listed above, noting the relevant references relating to these advances with a global overview and noting areas of recommendation(s). The final manuscript was prepared with input from all panel members. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, ex vivo and in vivo OM research models have seen great advancements in the past 4 years. From the usage of novel genetic and molecular tools to the refinement of in vivo inducible and spontaneous mouse models, to the introduction of a wide array of reliable middle ear epithelium (MEE) cell culture systems, the next five years are likely to experience exponential growth in OM pathophysiology discoveries. Moreover, advances in these systems will predictably facilitate rapid means for novel molecular therapeutic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arwa Kurabi
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Kalyan Dewan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Joseph E Kerschner
- Department of Otolaryngology and Communication Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Anke Leichtle
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Jian-Dong Li
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Peter Luke Santa Maria
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Diego Preciado
- Children's National Hospital, Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Washington, DC, USA
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Yunle K, Tong W, Jiyang L, Guojun W. Advances in Helicobacter pylori vaccine research: From candidate antigens to adjuvants-A review. Helicobacter 2024; 29:e13034. [PMID: 37971157 DOI: 10.1111/hel.13034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori is a Gram-negative, spiral-shaped bacterium that infects approximately 50% of the world's population and has been strongly associated with chronic gastritis, peptic ulcers, gastric mucosa-associated lymphoma, and gastric cancer. The elimination of H. pylori is currently considered one of the most effective strategies for the treatment of gastric-related diseases, so antibiotic therapy is the most commonly used regimen for the treatment of H. pylori infection. Although this therapy has some positive effects, antibiotic resistance has become another clinically prominent problem. Therefore, the development of a safe and efficient vaccine has become an important measure to prevent H. pylori infection. METHODS PubMed and ClinicalTrials.gov were systematically searched from January 1980 to March 2023 with search terms-H. pylori vaccine, adjuvants, immunization, pathogenesis, and H. pylori eradication in the title and/or abstract of literature. A total of 5182 documents were obtained. Based on the principles of academic reliability, authority, nearly publicated, and excluded the similar documents, finally, 75 documents were selected, organized, and analyzed. RESULTS Most of the candidate antigens used as H. pylori vaccines in these literatures are whole-cell antigens and virulence antigens such as UreB, VacA, CagA, and HspA, and the main types of vaccines for H. pylori are whole bacteria vaccines, vector vaccines, subunit vaccines, nucleic acid vaccines, epitope vaccines, etc. Some vaccines have shown good immune protection in animal trials; however, few vaccines show good in clinical trials. The only H. pylori vaccine passed phase 3 clinical trial is a recombinant subunit vaccine using Urease subunit B (UreB) as the vaccine antigen, and it shows good prophylactic effects. Meanwhile, the adjuvant system for vaccines against this bacterium has been developed considerably. In addition to the traditional mucosal adjuvants such as cholera toxin (CT) and E. coli heat labile enterotoxin (LT), there are also promising safer and more effective mucosal adjuvants. All these advances made safe and effective H. pylori vaccines come into service as early as possible. CONCLUSIONS This review briefly summarized the advances of H. pylori vaccines from two aspects, candidates of antigens and adjuvants, to provide references for the development of vaccine against this bacterium. We also present our prospects of exosomal vaccines in H. pylori vaccine research, in the hope of inspiring future researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuang Yunle
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wu Tong
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Liu Jiyang
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wu Guojun
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Li J, Shi H, Zhou F, Xie L, Lin R. The Efficacy and Safety of Regimens for Helicobacter pylori Eradication Treatment in China: A Systemic Review and Network Meta-Analysis. J Clin Gastroenterol 2024; 58:12-23. [PMID: 38084866 DOI: 10.1097/mcg.0000000000001902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With Helicobacter pylori's increasing antibiotic resistance, evidence of more effective treatments is lacking in China, where H. pylori prevalence is nearly 50%. Thus, we performed a network meta-analysis to compare therapeutic regimens. METHODS Data extracted from eligible randomized controlled trials from January 2000 to September 2021 were entered into a Bayesian hierarchical random-effects model to evaluate the efficacy and safety of H. pylori eradication regimens. RESULTS This study included 101 trials involving 21,745 patients. Vonoprazan-bismuth-containing quadruple therapy (VBQT) ranked the highest [surfaces under cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA), 83.64%], followed by high-dose amoxicillin dual therapy (HDDT) [SUCRA, 79.70%, odds ratio (OR)=1.31, 95% credible interval (CrI) (0.36, 4.72)] and proton pump inhibitor-based bismuth-containing quadruple therapy (BQT) [SUCRA, 63.59%, OR=1.59, 95% CrI (0.48, 5.24)]. HDDT [OR=2.47, 95% CrI (1.51, 4.06)], BQT [OR=2.04, 95% CrI (1.69, 2.47)], concomitant quadruple nonbismuth therapy (CT) [OR=1.93, 95% CrI (1.19, 3.15)], and sequential therapy (ST) [OR=1.86, 95% CrI (1.50, 2.32)] had higher eradication rates than standard triple therapy (TT). ST (SUCRA, 82.52%) and VBQT (SUCRA, 83.89%) had the highest eradication rate before and after 2010 in the effectiveness ranking, respectively. Furthermore, the H. pylori eradication rate of patients receiving 14-day BQT treatment was higher than that of 10-day BQT regimen [OR=2.55, 95% CI (1.84, 3.53)] and 7-day BQT regimen [OR=3.64, 95% CI (2.64, 5.01)]. CONCLUSIONS The TT regimen was not an optimal choice in China for H. pylori eradication; VBQT, HDDT, and BQT showed better efficacy. After 2010, there is a trend toward significance that VBQT provided a higher H. pylori eradication rate in China, but with only 1 randomized controlled trial. Thus, more supportive real-world data are needed to confirm its effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan
| | - Huiying Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan
| | - Fang Zhou
- Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd., Shanghai
| | - Li Xie
- Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Rong Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan
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Zhang S, Shen Y, Liu H, Zhu D, Fang J, Pan H, Liu W. Inflammatory microenvironment in gastric premalignant lesions: implication and application. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1297101. [PMID: 38035066 PMCID: PMC10684945 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1297101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric precancerous lesions (GPL) are a major health concern worldwide due to their potential to progress to gastric cancer (GC). Understanding the mechanism underlying the transformation from GPL to GC can provide a fresh insight for the early detection of GC. Although chronic inflammation is prevalent in the GPL, how the inflammatory microenvironment monitored the progression of GPL-to-GC are still elusive. Inflammation has been recognized as a key player in the progression of GPL. This review aims to provide an overview of the inflammatory microenvironment in GPL and its implications for disease progression and potential therapeutic applications. We discuss the involvement of inflammation in the progression of GPL, highlighting Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) as a mediator for inflammatory microenvironment and a key driver to GC progression. We explore the role of immune cells in mediating the progression of GPL, and focus on the regulation of inflammatory molecules in this disease. Furthermore, we discuss the potential of targeting inflammatory pathways for GPL. There are currently no specific drugs for GPL treatment, but traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and natural antioxidants, known as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, exhibit promising effects in suppressing or reversing the progression of GPL. Finally, the challenges and future perspectives in the field are proposed. Overall, this review highlights the central role of the inflammatory microenvironment in the progression of GPL, paving the way for innovative therapeutic approaches in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengxiong Zhang
- Rehabilitation Department, Guangdong Work Injury Rehabilitation Hospital, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Spleen and Stomach, GuangZhou Tianhe District Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Shen
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Di Zhu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiansong Fang
- Science and Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huafeng Pan
- Science and Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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Blaine‐Sauer S, Samuels TL, Khampang P, Yan K, McCormick ME, Chun RH, Harvey SA, Friedland DR, Johnston N, Kerschner JE. Establishment of novel immortalized middle ear cell lines as models for otitis media. Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol 2023; 8:1428-1435. [PMID: 37899851 PMCID: PMC10601576 DOI: 10.1002/lio2.1141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Otitis media (OM) is among the most frequently diagnosed pediatric diseases in the US. Despite the significant public health burden of OM and the contribution research in culture models has made to understanding its pathobiology, a singular immortalized human middle ear epithelial (MEE) cell line exists (HMEEC-1, adult-derived). We previously developed MEE cultures from pediatric patients with non-inflamed MEE (PCI), recurrent OM (ROM), or OM with effusion (OME) and demonstrated differences in their baseline inflammatory cytokine expression and response to stimulation with an OM-relevant pathogen lysate and cytokines. Herein, we sought to immortalize these cultures and assess retention of their phenotypes. Methods MEE cultures were immortalized via lentivirus encoding temperature-sensitive SV40 T antigen. Immortalized MEE lines and HMEEC-1 grown in monolayer were stimulated with non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) lysate. Gene expression (TNFA, IL1B, IL6, IL8, MUC5AC, and MUC5B) was assessed by qPCR. Results Similar to parental cultures, baseline cytokine expressions were higher in pediatric OM lines than in HMEEC-1 and PCI, and HMEEC-1 cells were less responsive to stimulation than pediatric lines. Conclusion Immortalized MEE lines retained the inflammatory expression and responsiveness of their tissues of origin and differences between non-OM versus OM and pediatric versus adult cultures, supporting their value as novel in vitro culture models for OM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Blaine‐Sauer
- Department of Otolaryngology and Communication SciencesMedical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWisconsinUSA
| | - Tina L. Samuels
- Department of Otolaryngology and Communication SciencesMedical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWisconsinUSA
| | - Pawjai Khampang
- Department of Otolaryngology and Communication SciencesMedical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWisconsinUSA
| | - Ke Yan
- Department of Pediatrics Quantitative Health SciencesMedical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWisconsinUSA
| | - Michael E. McCormick
- Department of Otolaryngology and Communication SciencesMedical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWisconsinUSA
- Children's WisconsinMilwaukeeWisconsinUSA
| | - Robert H. Chun
- Department of Otolaryngology and Communication SciencesMedical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWisconsinUSA
- Children's WisconsinMilwaukeeWisconsinUSA
| | - Steven A. Harvey
- Department of Otolaryngology and Communication SciencesMedical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWisconsinUSA
- Children's WisconsinMilwaukeeWisconsinUSA
- Froedtert HospitalMilwaukeeWisconsinUSA
| | - David R. Friedland
- Department of Otolaryngology and Communication SciencesMedical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWisconsinUSA
- Children's WisconsinMilwaukeeWisconsinUSA
- Froedtert HospitalMilwaukeeWisconsinUSA
| | - Nikki Johnston
- Department of Otolaryngology and Communication SciencesMedical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWisconsinUSA
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyMedical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWisconsinUSA
| | - Joseph E. Kerschner
- Department of Otolaryngology and Communication SciencesMedical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWisconsinUSA
- Children's WisconsinMilwaukeeWisconsinUSA
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Nguyen J, Kotilea K, Bontems P, Miendje Deyi VY. Helicobacter pylori Infections in Children. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1440. [PMID: 37760736 PMCID: PMC10525885 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12091440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In the context of epidemiology, host response, disease presentation, diagnosis, and treatment management, the manifestation of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection diverges between children and adults. H. pylori infection stands out as one of the most prevalent bacterial infections globally, and its prevalence in both children and adults is decreasing in many developing countries but some still struggle with a high prevalence of pediatric H. pylori infection and its consequences. The majority of infected children are asymptomatic and pediatric studies do not support the involvement of H. pylori in functional disorders such as recurrent abdominal pain. The pathophysiology of H. pylori infection relies on complex bacterial virulence mechanisms and their interaction with the host immune system and environmental factors. This interaction gives rise to diverse gastritis phenotypes, which subsequently influence the potential development of various gastroduodenal pathologies. In clinical settings, the diagnosis of this infection in childhood requires an upper gastrointestinal endoscopic exam with mucosal biopsy samples for histology and culture, or Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) at the very least. When warranted, eradication treatment should be given when good compliance is expected, and there should be systematic use of a treatment adapted to the antimicrobial susceptibility profile. To combat the burgeoning threat of multidrug resistance, vigilant surveillance of resistance patterns and strategic antibiotic management are paramount.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Nguyen
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hopital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kallirroi Kotilea
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hopital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
- Belgian Helicobacter and Microbiota Study Group (BHMSG), 1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Patrick Bontems
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hopital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
- Belgian Helicobacter and Microbiota Study Group (BHMSG), 1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Veronique Yvette Miendje Deyi
- Belgian Helicobacter and Microbiota Study Group (BHMSG), 1000 Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Microbiology, Laboratoire Hospitalier Universitaire de Bruxelles-Brussel Universitair Laboratorium (LHUB-ULB), Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
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Musazadeh V, Nazari A, Faghfouri AH, Emami M, Kavyani Z, Zokaei M, Jamilian P, Zarezadeh M, Saedisomeolia A. The effectiveness of treatment with probiotics in Helicobacter pylori eradication: results from an umbrella meta-analysis on meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials. Food Funct 2023; 14:7654-7662. [PMID: 37540067 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo00300k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Background and aims: The purpose of this umbrella meta-analysis was to quantitatively summarize meta-analyses of randomized controlled trial (RCT) studies regarding the effects of probiotic supplementation on Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) eradication. Methods: A thorough search of the electronic databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, and Google Scholar was carried out from the inception up to May 2022. For the evaluation of overall effect sizes, the pooled relative risk (RR) or odds ratio (OR) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. The random-effects model was used for the meta-analysis. Results: Overall, 18 eligible studies (47 278 participants in total) were included in the study. The findings revealed that probiotics have a beneficial impact on H. pylori eradication (pooled ESRR: 1.13; 95% CI: 1.11, 1.14, p < 0.01, and ESOR = 1.86, 95% CI: 1.70, 2.03, p < 0.01). Greater effects on H. pylori eradication were observed when higher doses (>10 × 1010 CFU) and mixed strains were supplemented. Conclusion: The present umbrella meta-analysis suggests that supplementation with probiotics may be considered as an efficient approach to ameliorate H. pylori complications, particularly probiotics with higher CFUs and mixed strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vali Musazadeh
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical, Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- School of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ahmad Nazari
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Faghfouri
- Maternal and Childhood Obesity Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Mohammad Emami
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zeynab Kavyani
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical, Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- School of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Zokaei
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition Science, Food Science and Technology/National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parmida Jamilian
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Staffordshire, UK
| | - Meysam Zarezadeh
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical, Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Nutrition Research Center, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Attar-Neishaburi St., Golgasht Alley, Azadi Blvd., Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Ahmad Saedisomeolia
- School of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, 21, 111 Lakeshore, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, H9X 3 V9, Canada.
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Fiorani M, Tohumcu E, Del Vecchio LE, Porcari S, Cammarota G, Gasbarrini A, Ianiro G. The Influence of Helicobacter pylori on Human Gastric and Gut Microbiota. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12040765. [PMID: 37107126 PMCID: PMC10135037 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12040765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is a Gram-negative bacterium that is able to colonize the human stomach, whose high prevalence has a major impact on human health, due to its association with several gastric and extra-gastric disorders, including gastric cancer. The gastric microenvironment is deeply affected by H. pylori colonization, with consequent effects on the gastrointestinal microbiota, exerted via the regulation of various factors, including gastric acidity, host immune responses, antimicrobial peptides, and virulence factors. The eradication therapy required to treat H. pylori infection can also have detrimental consequences for the gut microbiota, leading to a decreased alpha diversity. Notably, therapy regimens integrated with probiotics have been shown to reduce the negative effects of antibiotic therapy on the gut microbiota. These eradication therapies combined with probiotics have also higher rates of eradication, when compared to standard treatments, and are associated with reduced side effects, improving the patient's compliance. In light of the deep impact of gut microbiota alterations on human health, the present article aims to provide an overview of the complex interaction between H. pylori and the gastrointestinal microbiota, focusing also on the consequences of eradication therapies and the effects of probiotic supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Fiorani
- Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento Universitario di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Ege Tohumcu
- Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento Universitario di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Livio Enrico Del Vecchio
- Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento Universitario di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Serena Porcari
- Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento Universitario di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Cammarota
- Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento Universitario di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento Universitario di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Ianiro
- Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento Universitario di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
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10
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Kato S, Gold BD, Kato A. Helicobacter pylori-Associated Iron Deficiency Anemia in Childhood and Adolescence-Pathogenesis and Clinical Management Strategy. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11247351. [PMID: 36555966 PMCID: PMC9781328 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11247351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Many epidemiological studies and meta-analyses show that persistent Helicobacter pylori infection in the gastric mucosa can lead to iron deficiency or iron deficiency anemia (IDA), particularly in certain populations of children and adolescents. Moreover, it has been demonstrated that H. pylori infection can lead to and be closely associated with recurrent and/or refractory iron deficiency and IDA. However, the pathogenesis and specific risk factors leading to this clinical outcome in H. pylori-infected children remain poorly understood. In general, most of pediatric patients with H. pylori-associated IDA do not show evidence of overt blood loss due to gastrointestinal hemorrhagic lesions. In adult populations, H. pylori atrophic gastritis is reported to cause impaired iron absorption due to impaired gastric acid secretion, which, subsequently, results in IDA. However, significant gastric atrophy, and the resultant substantial reduction in gastric acid secretion, has not been shown in H. pylori-infected children. Recently, it has been hypothesized that competition between H. pylori and humans for iron availability in the upper gastrointestinal tract could lead to IDA. Many genes, including those encoding major outer membrane proteins (OMPs), are known to be involved in iron-uptake mechanisms in H. pylori. Recent studies have been published that describe H. pylori virulence factors, including specific OMP genes that may be associated with the pathogenesis of IDA. Daily iron demand substantively increases in children as they begin pubertal development starting with the associated growth spurt, and this important physiological mechanism may play a synergistic role for the microorganisms as a host pathogenetic factor of IDA. Like in the most recent pediatric guidelines, a test-and-treat strategy in H. pylori infection should be considered, especially for children and adolescents in whom IDA is recurrent or refractory to iron supplementation and other definitive causes have not been identified. This review will focus on providing the evidence that supports a clear biological plausibility for H. pylori infection and iron deficiency, as well as IDA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiichi Kato
- Kato Children’s Clinic, Natori 981-1227, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-22-399-9152; Fax: +81-22-399-9153
| | - Benjamin D. Gold
- Gi Care for Kids, Children’s Center for Digestive Healthcare, LLC, Atlanta, GA 30342, USA
| | - Ayumu Kato
- Department of General Pediatrics and Gastroenterology, Miyagi Children’s Hospital, Sendai 989-3126, Japan
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11
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Eletto D, Mentucci F, Vllahu M, Voli A, Petrella A, Boccellato F, Meyer TF, Porta A, Tosco A. IFNγ-dependent silencing of TFF1 during Helicobacter pylori infection. Open Biol 2022; 12:220278. [PMID: 36514982 PMCID: PMC9748780 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.220278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic Helicobacter pylori infection is the leading cause of intestinal-type adenocarcinoma, as prolonged Helicobacter colonization triggers chronic active gastritis, which may evolve into adenocarcinoma of the intestinal type. In this environment, cytokines play a significant role in determining the evolution of the infection. In combination with other factors (genetic, environmental and nutritional), the pro-inflammatory response may trigger pro-oncogenic mechanisms that lead to the silencing of tumour-suppressor genes, such as trefoil factor 1 (TFF1). The latter is known to play a protective role by maintaining the gastric mucosa integrity and retaining H. pylori in the mucus layer, preventing the progression of infection and, consequently, the development of gastric cancer (GC). Since TFF1 expression is reduced during chronic Helicobacter infection with a loss of gastric mucosa protection, we investigated the molecular pathways involved in this reduction. Specifically, we evaluated the effect of some pro-inflammatory cytokines on TFF1 regulation in GC and primary gastric cells by RT-qPCR and luciferase reporter assay analyses and the repressor role of the transcription factor C/EBPβ, overexpressed in gastric-intestinal cancer. Our results show that, among several cytokines, IFNγ stimulates C/EBPβ expression, which acts as a negative regulator of TFF1 by binding its promoter at three different sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Eletto
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - F. Mentucci
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy,PhD Program in Drug Discovery and Development, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - M. Vllahu
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - A. Voli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy,PhD Program in Drug Discovery and Development, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - A. Petrella
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - F. Boccellato
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - T. F. Meyer
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany,Laboratory of Infection Oncology, Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian Albrecht's University of Kiel—University Hospital Schleswig Holstein—Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - A. Porta
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - A. Tosco
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
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12
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Old and New Aspects of H. pylori-Associated Inflammation and Gastric Cancer. CHILDREN 2022; 9:children9071083. [PMID: 35884067 PMCID: PMC9322908 DOI: 10.3390/children9071083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
H. pylori is involved in the development of 80% of gastric cancers and 5.5% of all malignant conditions worldwide. Its persistence within the host’s stomach causes chronic inflammation, which is a well-known hallmark of carcinogenesis. A wide range of cytokines was reported to be involved in the initiation and long-term persistence of this local and systemic inflammation. IL-8 was among the first cytokines described to be increased in patients with H. pylori infection. Although, this cytokine was initially identified to exert a chemoattracting effect that represents a trigger for the activation of inflammatory cells within H.-pylori-infected mucosa, more recent studies failed in encountering any association between IL-8 and H. pylori infection. IL-6 is a multifunctional, pleiotropic and multipotent cytokine involved in mediating the interaction between innate and adaptive immunity with a dichotomous role acting as both a proinflammatory and an anti-inflammatory cytokine depending on the signaling pathway. IL-1α functions as a promoter of angiogenesis and vascular endothelial cell proliferation in gastric carcinoma since it is closely related to H.-pylori-induced inflammation in children. IL-1β is an essential trigger and enhancer of inflammation. The association between a low IL-1β level and an increased TNF-α level might be considered a risk factor for peptic ulcer disease in the setting of H. pylori infection. IL-10 downregulates both cytotoxic inflammatory responses and cell-mediated immune responses. H. pylori uses the immunosuppressive role of IL-10 to favor its escape from the host’s immune system. TGFβ is a continuous inflammatory mediator that promotes the adherence of H. pylori to the host’s cells and their subsequent colonization. The role of H.-pylori-induced inflammatory responses in the onset of gastric carcinogenesis seems to represent the missing puzzle piece for designing effective preventive and therapeutic strategies in patients with H.-pylori-associated gastric cancer.
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13
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Yang YJ, Lu CL, Sheu BS. Differential H. pylori-Induced MAPK Responses Regulate Lewis Antigen Expression and Colonization Density on Gastric Epithelial Cells Between Children and Adults. Front Immunol 2022; 13:849512. [PMID: 35350782 PMCID: PMC8957798 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.849512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori causes gastrointestinal diseases, the manifestations of diseases are more serious in adults than in children. Lewis antigen expressions on the gastric epithelium serves as receptors targeted by H. pylori. Moreover, the MAPK signaling pathway involves glycoprotein synthesis of Lewis antigens. We aimed to investigate whether differences in H. pylori-induced MAPK responses mediate gastric Lewis antigens expression and colonization density differently in children and adults. We used human stomach fetal epithelium (HSFE) and SV40-immortalized human normal gastric epithelial (GES-1) cell lines to mimic primary gastric epithelium of children and adults, respectively. H. pylori colonization intensity and Lewis antigens were significantly higher in GES-1 than in HSFE cells, whereas IL-8 and IL-6 levels were significantly higher in HSFE than in GES-1 cells after infection. c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) siRNA and inhibitor (SP600125) experiments showed that Lewis antigen expression and H. pylori colonization were reduced in GES-1 cells but increased in HSFE cells. Furthermore, p-p38 intensity was significantly higher in the superficial epithelium of the children than in the adults with/without H. pylori infection. The overexpression of p38 in GES-1 cells downregulated H. pylori-induced JNK activity mimicking H. pylori infection in children. In conclusion, a higher p38 expression in gastric epithelium counteracting JNK activity in children may contribute to lower Lewis antigen expression and colonization density than in adults after H. pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Jong Yang
- Departments of Pediatrics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ling Lu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Bor-Shyang Sheu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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14
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Wang L, Cao ZM, Zhang LL, Dai XC, Liu ZJ, Zeng YX, Li XY, Wu QJ, Lv WL. Helicobacter Pylori and Autoimmune Diseases: Involving Multiple Systems. Front Immunol 2022; 13:833424. [PMID: 35222423 PMCID: PMC8866759 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.833424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The modern Gastroenterology have witnessed an essential stride since Helicobacter pylori was first found in the stomach and then its pathogenic effect was discovered. According to the researches conducted during the nearly 40 years, it has been found that this bacterium is associated with a natural history of many upper gastrointestinal diseases. Epidemiological data show an increased incidence of autoimmune disorders with or after infection with specific microorganisms. The researches have revealed that H. pylori is a potential trigger of gastric autoimmunity, and it may be associated with other autoimmune diseases, both innate and acquired. This paper reviews the current support or opposition about H. pylori as the role of potential triggers of autoimmune diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease, autoimmune thyroiditis, type 1 diabetes mellitus, autoimmune liver diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, systemic lupus erythematosus, as well as Sjogren’s syndrome, chronic urticaria and psoriasis, and tried to explain the possible mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Department of Infection, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng-Min Cao
- Department of Infection, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Li Zhang
- Department of Infection, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xin-Can Dai
- Department of Infection, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen-Ju Liu
- Department of Proctology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yi-Xian Zeng
- Department of Proctology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xin-Ye Li
- Department of Cardiovascular, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qing-Juan Wu
- Department of Infection, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-Liang Lv
- Department of Infection, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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15
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Lima de Souza Gonçalves V, Cordeiro Santos ML, Silva Luz M, Santos Marques H, de Brito BB, França da Silva FA, Souza CL, Oliveira MV, de Melo FF. From Helicobacter pylori infection to gastric cancer: Current evidence on the immune response. World J Clin Oncol 2022; 13:186-199. [PMID: 35433296 PMCID: PMC8966509 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v13.i3.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is the result of a multifactorial process whose main components are infection by Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), bacterial virulence factors, host immune response and environmental factors. The development of the neoplastic microenvironment also depends on genetic and epigenetic changes in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, which results in deregulation of cell signaling pathways and apoptosis process. This review summarizes the main aspects of the pathogenesis of GC and the immune response involved in chronic inflammation generated by H. pylori.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Luísa Cordeiro Santos
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Marcel Silva Luz
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Hanna Santos Marques
- Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Campus Vitória da Conquista, Vitória da Conquista 45083-900, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Breno Bittencourt de Brito
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Cláudio Lima Souza
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Márcio Vasconcelos Oliveira
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Fabrício Freire de Melo
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
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16
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Yuan C, Adeloye D, Luk TT, Huang L, He Y, Xu Y, Ye X, Yi Q, Song P, Rudan I. The global prevalence of and factors associated with Helicobacter pylori infection in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis. THE LANCET. CHILD & ADOLESCENT HEALTH 2022; 6:185-194. [PMID: 35085494 DOI: 10.1016/s2352-4642(21)00400-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Synthesised data on the prevalence of, and factors associated with, paediatric Helicobacter pylori infection at the global level remain scarce. We aimed to estimate the global prevalence of H pylori infection and its associated factors in children and adolescents. METHODS In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched PubMed, Embase, MEDLINE, and Scopus for observational population-based studies published between database inception and Oct 25, 2021, without language or geographical restrictions. We included studies that reported the prevalence of H pylori infection in children aged 18 years or younger. Records were screened and data were extracted using a standardised extraction form. We estimated the worldwide prevalence of H pylori infection in children (our main outcome) using multilevel mixed-effects meta-regression and then stratified prevalence by diagnostic method (serology vs urea breath tests or stool antigen tests). We analysed the significance of associated factors using a random-effects meta-analysis. This study is registered in PROSPERO, CRD42020209717. FINDINGS We identified 3181 records, of which 198 articles with 632 data points from 152 650 children were included. The overall global prevalence of H pylori infection in children was 32·3% (95% CI 27·3-37·8), which varied by diagnostic test (28·6% [23·0-35·0] for serology vs 35·9% [29·2-43·2] for urea breath tests or stool antigen tests). Regardless of diagnostic test, the prevalence of H pylori infection was significantly higher in low-income and middle-income countries than in high-income countries (43·2% [36·5-50·2] vs 21·7% [16·9-27·4]; p<0·0001) and in older children than in younger children (41·6% [35·6-47·8] in 13-18-year-olds vs 33·9% [28·6-39·7] in 7-12-year-olds vs 26·0% [21·4-31·0] in 0-6-year-olds; p<0·0001). Paediatric H pylori infection was significantly associated with lower economic status (odds ratio [OR] 1·63 [95% CI 1·46-1·82]), more siblings or children (1·84 [1·44-2·36]), room sharing (1·89 [1·49-2·40]), no access to a sewage system (1·60 [1·22-2·10]), having a mother infected with H pylori (3·31 [2·21-4·98]), having a sibling or siblings infected with H pylori (3·33 [1·53-7·26]), drinking unboiled or non-treated water (1·52 [1·32-1·76]), and older age (OR per year 1·27 [1·15-1·40]). INTERPRETATION H pylori infection is still highly prevalent in children and adolescents globally. Our findings can help to guide further research and the development and implementation of preventive and therapeutic measures to reduce H pylori infection in children. FUNDING None.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changzheng Yuan
- School of Public Health, the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; National Clinical Research Centre for Child Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Davies Adeloye
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Tzu Tsun Luk
- School of Nursing, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Liyan Huang
- School of Public Health, the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; National Clinical Research Centre for Child Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yusa He
- School of Public Health, the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; National Clinical Research Centre for Child Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yunhan Xu
- Department of Maternal and Child health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinxin Ye
- School of Public Health and Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qian Yi
- School of Public Health and Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peige Song
- School of Public Health and Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Igor Rudan
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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17
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Araújo GRL, Marques HS, Santos MLC, da Silva FAF, da Brito BB, Correa Santos GL, de Melo FF. Helicobacter pylori infection: How does age influence the inflammatory pattern? World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:402-411. [PMID: 35125826 PMCID: PMC8790560 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i4.402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The inflammatory pattern during Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is changeable and complex. During childhood, it is possible to observe a predominantly regulatory response, evidenced by high concentrations of key cytokines for the maintenance of Treg responses such as TGF-β1 and IL-10, in addition to high expression of the transcription factor FOXP3. On the other hand, there is a predominance of cytokines associated with the Th1 and Th17 responses among H. pylori-positive adults. In the last few years, the participation of the Th17 response in the gastric inflammation against H. pylori infection has been highlighted due to the high levels of TGF-β1 and IL-17 found in this infectious scenario, and growing evidence has supported a close relationship between this immune response profile and unfavorable outcomes related to the infection. Moreover, this cytokine profile might play a pivotal role in the effectiveness of anti-H. pylori vaccines. It is evident that age is one of the main factors influencing the gastric inflammatory pattern during the infection with H. pylori, and understanding the immune response against the bacterium can assist in the development of alternative prophylactic and therapeutic strategies against the infection as well as in the comprehension of the pathogenesis of the outcomes related to that microorganism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glauber Rocha Lima Araújo
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Brazil
| | - Hanna Santos Marques
- Campus Vitória da Conquista, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45083-900, Brazil
| | | | | | - Breno Bittencourt da Brito
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Lima Correa Santos
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Brazil
| | - Fabrício Freire de Melo
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Brazil
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Heightened Local T h17 Cell Inflammation Is Associated with Severe Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Children under the Age of 1 Year. Mediators Inflamm 2021; 2021:9955168. [PMID: 34602860 PMCID: PMC8482031 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9955168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe community-acquired pneumonia (sCAP) early in life is a leading cause of morbidity, mortality, and irreversible sequelae. Herein, we report the clinical, etiological, and immunological characteristics of 62 children age < 1 year. We measured 27 cytokines in plasma and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) from 62 children age < 1 year who were diagnosed with CAP, and then, we analyzed correlations among disease severity, clinical parameters, and etiology. Of the entire cohort, three cytokines associated with interleukin-17- (IL-17-) producing helper T cells (Th17 cells), IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-17, were significantly elevated in sCAP patients with high fold changes (FCs); in BAL, these cytokines were intercorrelated and associated with blood neutrophil counts, Hb levels, and mixed bacterial-viral infections. BAL IL-1β (area under the curve (AUC) 0.820), BAL IL-17 (AUC 0.779), and plasma IL-6 (AUC 0.778) had remarkable predictive power for sCAP. Our findings revealed that increased local Th17 cell immunity played a critical role in the development of sCAP in children age < 1 year. Th17 cell-related cytokines could serve as local and systemic inflammatory indicators of sCAP in this age group.
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19
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Roberts-Thomson IC. How did the ancient bacterium, Helicobacter pylori, cause an epidemic of chronic duodenal ulceration? JGH OPEN 2021; 5:636-642. [PMID: 34124378 PMCID: PMC8171156 DOI: 10.1002/jgh3.12560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The association of Helicobacter pylori with chronic duodenal ulceration was a seminal observation in the short history of gastroenterology. However, H. pylori is now known to be an ancient bacterium, whereas there is persuasive evidence that the epidemic of duodenal ulceration began in the second half of the 19th century and continued into the second half of the 20th century. Possible explanations for the epidemic include genomic changes in the organism and environmental or other influences on the human host. While genomic changes resulted in the appearance of virulence factors, these seem likely to have appeared thousands of years ago with minimal effects on gastritis because of coexisting suppression of gastric immunity. In contrast, the emergence of duodenal ulceration is best explained by a change in the pattern of gastritis from inflammation involving the antrum and body in most individuals to a significant minority (10-20%) with antral gastritis but with relative sparing of the body of the stomach. In the latter group, the increase in serum gastrin (particularly G17) associated with antral gastritis had trophic effects on gastric parietal cells with an increase in the parietal cell mass and hypersecretion of gastric acid. Hypersecretion of acid is seen as the major risk factor for duodenal ulceration with significant contributions from environmental factors including smoking and use of nonsteroidal, anti-inflammatory drugs. Host factors favoring changes in the pattern of gastritis include delayed acquisition of infection and improved nutrition; both with enhancing effects on mucosal immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian C Roberts-Thomson
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Adelaide Adelaide South Australia Australia
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20
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Kononova S, Litvinova E, Vakhitov T, Skalinskaya M, Sitkin S. Acceptive Immunity: The Role of Fucosylated Glycans in Human Host-Microbiome Interactions. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22083854. [PMID: 33917768 PMCID: PMC8068183 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22083854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The growth in the number of chronic non-communicable diseases in the second half of the past century and in the first two decades of the new century is largely due to the disruption of the relationship between the human body and its symbiotic microbiota, and not pathogens. The interaction of the human immune system with symbionts is not accompanied by inflammation, but is a physiological norm. This is achieved via microbiota control by the immune system through a complex balance of pro-inflammatory and suppressive responses, and only a disturbance of this balance can trigger pathophysiological mechanisms. This review discusses the establishment of homeostatic relationships during immune system development and intestinal bacterial colonization through the interaction of milk glycans, mucins, and secretory immunoglobulins. In particular, the role of fucose and fucosylated glycans in the mechanism of interactions between host epithelial and immune cells is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Kononova
- Department of Microbiology, State Research Institute of Highly Pure Biopreparations, 197110 St. Petersburg, Russia; (T.V.); (M.S.); (S.S.)
- Institute of Protein Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Ekaterina Litvinova
- Scientific-Research Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine, 630117 Novosibirsk, Russia;
- Siberian Federal Scientific Center of Agro-BioTechnologies, Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnoobsk, 633501 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Timur Vakhitov
- Department of Microbiology, State Research Institute of Highly Pure Biopreparations, 197110 St. Petersburg, Russia; (T.V.); (M.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Maria Skalinskaya
- Department of Microbiology, State Research Institute of Highly Pure Biopreparations, 197110 St. Petersburg, Russia; (T.V.); (M.S.); (S.S.)
- Department of Internal Diseases, Gastroenterology and Dietetics, North-Western State Medical University Named after I.I. Mechnikov, 191015 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Stanislav Sitkin
- Department of Microbiology, State Research Institute of Highly Pure Biopreparations, 197110 St. Petersburg, Russia; (T.V.); (M.S.); (S.S.)
- Department of Internal Diseases, Gastroenterology and Dietetics, North-Western State Medical University Named after I.I. Mechnikov, 191015 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Institute of Perinatology and Pediatrics, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 197341 St. Petersburg, Russia
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Segawa T, Ohno Y, Tsuchida S, Ushida K, Yoshioka M. Helicobacter delphinicola sp. nov., isolated from common bottlenose dolphins Tursiops truncatus with gastric diseases. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2020; 141:157-169. [PMID: 33030444 DOI: 10.3354/dao03511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Gastritis and gastric ulcers are well-recognized symptoms in cetaceans, and the genus Helicobacter is considered as the main cause. In this study, we examined the gastric fluid of captive common bottlenose dolphins Tursiops truncatus with gastric diseases in order to isolate the organisms responsible for diagnosis and treatment. Four Gram-negative, rod-shaped isolates (TSBT, TSH1, TSZ, and TSH3) with tightly coiled spirals with 2-4 turns and 2-6 bipolar, sheathed flagella, were obtained from gastric fluids of common bottlenose dolphins with gastric diseases. Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA, atpA, and 60 kDa heat-shock protein (hsp60) genes, demonstrated that these isolates form a novel lineage within the genus Helicobacter. Analyses of 16S rRNA, atpA, and hsp60 gene sequences showed that isolate TSBT was most closely related to H. cetorum MIT99-5656T (98.5% similarity), H. pylori ATCC 43504T (76.7% similarity), and H. pylori ATCC 43504T (78.0% similarity), respectively. Type strains of Helicobacter showing resistance to 2% NaCl have not been reported previously; however, these novel isolates were resistant to 2% NaCl. Culture supernatant of some isolates induced intracellular vacuolization in mammalian cultured cells. These data, together with the different morphological and biochemical characteristics of the isolates, reveal that these isolates represent a novel species for which we propose the name Helicobacter delphinicola sp. nov. with type strain TSBT (= JCM 32789T = TSD-183T). Future studies will confirm whether H. delphinicola plays a role in lesion etiopathogenesis in cetaceans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takao Segawa
- Cetacean Research Center, Graduate School of Bioresources, Mie University, 1577 Kurimamachiya, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
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22
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Azadegan-Dehkordi F, Abbasi A, Abadi ATB, Minooie K, Aslani P, Hosseini RS, Zandi F. From genes polymorphisms to mucosal expression of cytokines: evaluating IL-23/IL-17 axis in adult patients with gastritis. Afr Health Sci 2020; 20:1452-1462. [PMID: 33402994 PMCID: PMC7751554 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v20i3.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective Chronic inflammation is the typical sign of gastritis that may shift into gastric cancer. IL-17A and IL-17F as a novel inflammatory cytokines subset of CD4+Th play the main role in inflammation. A key cytokine receptor in the inflammatory IL-17/IL-23 axis, the interleukin 23 receptor (IL23R), may be related to gastritis. We evaluated the correspondence between IL-17A G197A, IL-17F A7488G and IL23R+2199 A/C polymorphisms with TGF-β1, IL-6, IL-17, IL-21 and IL-23 mucosal mRNAs expression in uninfected H. Pylori (HP) chronic gastritis patients. Materials and Methods Total RNA and genomic DNA were separated from gastric biopsies of 44 patients with gastritis. Subsequently, mucosal mRNAs expression of TGF-β1, IL-6, IL-17, IL-21 and IL-23 were assessed by real-time PCR. To polymorphisms determination of IL-17A G197A, IL-17F A7488G and IL-23R +2199A/C the PCR-RFLP was used in gastric biopsies. Results Results point that IL-17A G197A, IL-17F A7488G and IL23R +2199A/C polymorphisms did not influence the mucosal expression of TGF-β1, IL-6, IL-17 and IL-21 (p> 0.05). In an opposite result, we don't find a correspondence between IL-17A G197A, IL-17F A7488G polymorphisms and mucosal expression of IL-23 (p> 0.05). In a contrary, we found a correlation between IL23R +2199A/C polymorphism and mucosal expression of IL-23 in patients with chronic gastritis (p< 0.05). Conclusion These findings propose that IL23R +2199A/C polymorphism may change the mucosal expression of IL-23 pattern in patients with gastritis disease in the absence of HP, but to support the conclusion, more research may be required.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ardeshir Abbasi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amin Talebi Bezmin Abadi
- Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khaled Minooie
- Internist, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Faculty, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Parya Aslani
- Kurdistan Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Razieh Sadat Hosseini
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Farid Zandi
- Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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23
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da Silva FAF, de Brito BB, Santos MLC, Marques HS, Sampaio MM, da Silva Júnior RT, Apolonio JS, de Carvalho LS, Silva CS, de Sá Santos LK, Oliveira MV, Rocha GA, de Magalhães Queiroz DM, de Melo FF. Treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection in children: A systematic review. World J Meta-Anal 2020; 8:292-308. [DOI: 10.13105/wjma.v8.i4.292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is predominantly acquired in childhood. When indicated, the most accepted treatment for H. pylori eradication in this age group is first-line triple therapy. However, the increasing resistance to clarithromycin and nitroimidazoles has been associated with treatment failure, and thus, alternative treatment regimens have been proposed.
AIM To perform a systematic review of randomized controlled trials on treatment regimens for H. pylori infection in children.
METHODS We surveyed relevant articles published in English from 2010 to April 2020 in the PubMed and MEDLINE databases. Keywords included “Helicobacter pylori”/”children or childhood”/”treatment or eradication.” The risk of bias was evaluated according to the Cochrane Handbook of Systematic Reviews for Interventions.
RESULTS Among the 1144 records identified through the database, 20 articles were selected. Four studies compared the eradication rates of H. pylori infection between standard triple therapies, changing only the main antibiotic used. Seven studies evaluated the effectiveness of standard triple therapy with the addition of probiotics. One study investigated the relationship between the effectiveness in the eradication rates of standard triple therapy and vitamin E levels. Six studies analyzed the eradication rates of sequential therapy.
CONCLUSION The findings suggest that although standard triple therapy is the most recommended regimen for children by the current guidelines, other therapeutic schemes have shown promising results and may also be recommended for clinical practice in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Breno Bittencourt de Brito
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Maria Luísa Cordeiro Santos
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Hanna Santos Marques
- Campus Vitória da Conquista, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45083-900, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Mariana Miranda Sampaio
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Jonathan Santos Apolonio
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Lorena Sousa de Carvalho
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Camilo Santana Silva
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Luana Kauany de Sá Santos
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Márcio Vasconcelos Oliveira
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Gifone Aguiar Rocha
- Laboratory of Research in Bacteriology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte 30130-100, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Dulciene Maria de Magalhães Queiroz
- Laboratory of Research in Bacteriology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte 30130-100, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Fabrício Freire de Melo
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
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24
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Chavira-Suárez E, Rosel-Pech C, Polo-Oteyza E, Ancira-Moreno M, Ibarra-González I, Vela-Amieva M, Meraz-Cruz N, Aguilar-Salinas C, Vadillo-Ortega F. Simultaneous evaluation of metabolomic and inflammatory biomarkers in children with different body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR). PLoS One 2020; 15:e0237917. [PMID: 32834003 PMCID: PMC7446833 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic disturbances and systemic pro-inflammatory changes have been reported in children with obesity. However, it is unclear the time-sequence of metabolic or inflammatory modifications during children obesity evolution. Our study aimed to quantify simultaneously metabolomic and inflammatory biomarkers in serum from children with different levels of adiposity. For this purpose, a cross-sectional study was used to perform targeted metabolomics and inflammatory cytokines measurements. Serum samples from children between six to ten years old were analyzed using either body mass index (BMI) or waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) classifications. One hundred and sixty-eight school-aged children were included. BMI classification in children with overweight or obesity showed altered concentrations of glucose and amino acids (glycine and tyrosine). Children classified by WHtR exhibited imbalances in amino acids (glycine, valine, and tyrosine) and lipids (triacyl glycerides and low-density lipoprotein) compared to control group. No differences in systemic inflammation biomarkers or in the prevalence of other results were found in these children. Abnormal arterial blood pressure was found in 32% of children with increased adiposity. In conclusion, obesity in school-aged children is characterized by significant metabolic modifications that are not accompanied by major disturbances in circulating concentrations of inflammatory biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Chavira-Suárez
- Unidad de Vinculación Científica de la Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México en el Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Cecilia Rosel-Pech
- Unidad de Vinculación Científica de la Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México en el Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, Mexico
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Inmunología e Infectología, Hospital de Infectología “Dr. Daniel Méndez Hernández" Centro Médico Nacional La Raza, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ernestina Polo-Oteyza
- Fondo Nestlé para la Nutrición, Fundación Mexicana Para la Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mónica Ancira-Moreno
- Unidad de Vinculación Científica de la Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México en el Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, Mexico
- Health Department, Universidad Iberoamericana, A.C., Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Isabel Ibarra-González
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Marcela Vela-Amieva
- Laboratorio de Errores Innatos del Metabolismo y Tamiz, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Noemi Meraz-Cruz
- Unidad de Vinculación Científica de la Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México en el Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carlos Aguilar-Salinas
- Dirección de Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Felipe Vadillo-Ortega
- Unidad de Vinculación Científica de la Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México en el Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, Mexico
- Dirección de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, Mexico
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25
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The Role of Gastric Mucosal Immunity in Gastric Diseases. J Immunol Res 2020; 2020:7927054. [PMID: 32775468 PMCID: PMC7396052 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7927054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric mucosa plays its immune function through innate and adaptive immunity by recruiting immune cells and releasing corresponding cytokines, which have an inseparable relationship with gastric diseases. Whether infective gastric diseases caused by Helicobacter pylori, Epstein-Barr virus or other microbe, noninfective gastric diseases, or gastric cancer, gastric mucosal immunity plays an important role in the occurrence and development of the disease. Understanding the unique immune-related tissue structure of the gastric mucosa and its role in immune responses can help prevent gastric diseases or treat them through immunotherapy. In this review, we summarize the basic feature of gastric mucosal immunity and its relationship with gastric diseases to track the latest progress of gastric mucosal immunity, update relevant knowledge and provide theoretical reference for the prevention and treatment of gastric diseases based on the gastric mucosal immunity.
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26
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Oliveira-de-Souza D, Vinhaes CL, Arriaga MB, Kumar NP, Queiroz ATL, Fukutani KF, Babu S, Andrade BB. Aging increases the systemic molecular degree of inflammatory perturbation in patients with tuberculosis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11358. [PMID: 32647178 PMCID: PMC7347549 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68255-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic infection that can affect individuals of all ages. The description of determinants of immunopathogenesis in TB is of tremendous interest due to the perspective of finding a reliable host-directed therapy to reduce disease burden. The association between specific biomarker profiles related to inflammation and the diverse clinical disease presentations in TB has been extensively studied in adults. However, relatively scarce data on profiling the inflammatory responses in pediatric TB are available. Here, we employed the molecular degree of perturbation (MDP) score adapted to plasma biomarkers in two distinct databanks from studies that examined either adults or children presenting with pulmonary or extrapulmonary disease. We used multidimensional statistical analyses to characterize the impact of age on the overall changes in the systemic inflammation profiles in subpopulation of TB patients. Our findings indicate that TB results in significant increases in molecular perturbation, with the highest values being detected in adult patients. Furthermore, there were unique differences in the biomarker perturbation patterns and the overall degree of inflammation according to disease site and age. Importantly, the molecular degree of perturbation was not influenced by sex. Our results revealed that aging is an important determinant of the differences in quality and magnitude of systemic inflammatory perturbation in distinct clinical forms of TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deivide Oliveira-de-Souza
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Salvador, 40296-710, Brazil
- Multinational Organization Network Sponsoring Translational and Epidemiological Research (MONSTER) Initiative, Salvador, 41810-710, Brazil
- Curso de Medicina, Faculdade de Tecnologia e Ciências (UniFTC), Salvador, 40290-150, Brazil
| | - Caian L Vinhaes
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Salvador, 40296-710, Brazil
- Multinational Organization Network Sponsoring Translational and Epidemiological Research (MONSTER) Initiative, Salvador, 41810-710, Brazil
- Curso de Medicina, Faculdade de Tecnologia e Ciências (UniFTC), Salvador, 40290-150, Brazil
| | - María B Arriaga
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Salvador, 40296-710, Brazil
- Multinational Organization Network Sponsoring Translational and Epidemiological Research (MONSTER) Initiative, Salvador, 41810-710, Brazil
| | - Nathella Pavan Kumar
- International Center for Excellence in Research, National Institutes of Health- National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, 600031, India
| | - Artur T L Queiroz
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Salvador, 40296-710, Brazil
- Multinational Organization Network Sponsoring Translational and Epidemiological Research (MONSTER) Initiative, Salvador, 41810-710, Brazil
| | - Kiyoshi F Fukutani
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Salvador, 40296-710, Brazil
- Multinational Organization Network Sponsoring Translational and Epidemiological Research (MONSTER) Initiative, Salvador, 41810-710, Brazil
- Curso de Medicina, Faculdade de Tecnologia e Ciências (UniFTC), Salvador, 40290-150, Brazil
| | - Subash Babu
- International Center for Excellence in Research, National Institutes of Health- National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, 600031, India
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, 20892, USA
| | - Bruno B Andrade
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Salvador, 40296-710, Brazil.
- Multinational Organization Network Sponsoring Translational and Epidemiological Research (MONSTER) Initiative, Salvador, 41810-710, Brazil.
- Curso de Medicina, Faculdade de Tecnologia e Ciências (UniFTC), Salvador, 40290-150, Brazil.
- Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública (EBMSP), Salvador, 40290-000, Brazil.
- Laureate Universities, Universidade Salvador (UNIFACS), Salvador, 41720-200, Brazil.
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa (CIDRI-Africa), Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa.
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27
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Espahbodi M, Samuels TL, McCormick C, Khampang P, Yan K, Marshall S, McCormick ME, Chun RH, Harvey SA, Friedland DR, Johnston N, Kerschner JE. Analysis of Inflammatory Signaling in Human Middle Ear Cell Culture Models of Pediatric Otitis Media. Laryngoscope 2020; 131:410-416. [PMID: 32433794 DOI: 10.1002/lary.28687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS Cell culture models are valuable tools for investigation of the molecular pathogenesis of diseases including otitis media (OM). Previous study indicates that age-, sex-, and race-associated differences in molecular signaling may impact disease pathophysiology. Currently, a singular immortalized middle ear epithelial (MEE) cell line exists, HMEEC-1, derived from an adult without known middle ear disease. In this study, HMEEC-1 and primary MEE cultures from pediatric patients with and without OM were stimulated with inflammatory cytokines or OM-pathogenic bacterial lysates to examine differences in the response of molecules associated with OM pathogenesis. STUDY DESIGN Case-control series. METHODS MEE cultures were established from patients aged <6 years: two with recurrent OM (ROM), two with OM with effusion (OME), and one patient without OM who was undergoing cochlear implant surgery control undergoing cochlear implantation (Peds CI). Primary MEE cultures and HMEEC-1 cells were stimulated with tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, or nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae lysate. TNFA, IL1B, IL6, IL8, IL10, and MUC5B were assayed via quantitative polymerase chain reaction. IL-8 was assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Gene/protein target expressions were frequently higher in pediatric OM lines than in HMEEC-1 and Peds CI. HMEEC-1 cells were frequently less responsive to stimuli than all pediatric lines. OME lines were often more responsive than ROM lines. CONCLUSIONS OM may be associated with specific molecular phenotypes that are retained in primary cell culture. Adult-derived HMEEC-1 cells differ significantly in baseline expression and response of OM-associated molecules relative to pediatric MEE cells. Work is underway to immortalize pediatric OM MEE cultures as improved tools for the OM research community. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 4 Laryngoscope, 131:410-416, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mana Espahbodi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, U.S.A
| | - Tina L Samuels
- Department of Otolaryngology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, U.S.A
| | - Caroline McCormick
- Department of Otolaryngology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, U.S.A
| | - Pawjai Khampang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, U.S.A
| | - Ke Yan
- Department of Pediatrics Quantitative Health Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, U.S.A
| | - Samuel Marshall
- Department of Otolaryngology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, U.S.A
| | - Michael E McCormick
- Department of Otolaryngology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, U.S.A
| | - Robert H Chun
- Department of Otolaryngology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, U.S.A
| | - Steven A Harvey
- Department of Otolaryngology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, U.S.A
| | - David R Friedland
- Department of Otolaryngology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, U.S.A
| | - Nikki Johnston
- Department of Otolaryngology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, U.S.A.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, U.S.A
| | - Joseph E Kerschner
- Department of Otolaryngology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, U.S.A.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, U.S.A
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28
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Salavati S, Ahmadi Hedayati M, Ahmadi A, Fakhari S, Jalili A. Relationship between Helicobacter pylori cagA Genotypes Infection and IL-10 and TGFβ1 Genes' Expression in Gastric Epithelial Cells. Int J Prev Med 2020; 11:20. [PMID: 32175060 PMCID: PMC7050228 DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_536_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The correlation of Helicobacter pylori infection with gastritis, peptic ulcer, and gastric cancer has been proven. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of cagA + and cagA - genotypes of H. pylori on genes expression of interleukin (IL) -10 and tumor growth factor (TGF) β1 in gastric epithelial cells of patients with gastritis and H. pylori infection. Methods In all, 45 gastric biopsy samples were collected from patients with gastritis and H. pylori infection admitted to Tohid Hospital in Sanandaj city. Status of urease and cagA genes of H. pylori were directly determined from the biopsy samples using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. Expression of IL-10 and TGF-β1 genes in gastric epithelial cells of patients with gastritis and cagA + and cagA- genotypes of H. pylori infection was serveyed using real-time PCR method. Results Overall, 25 samples had infection with H. pylori cagA + and 20 with cagA - genotypes. This study showed that there is a positive correlation between cagA - genotypes of H. pylori and increasing of IL-10 gene expression in gastric epithelial cells of patients with gastritis (P = 0.001). Conclusions Level of gene expression of IL-10 as an anti-inflammatory cytokine in gastric epithelial cells of patients with H. pylori infection is connected to cagA- genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Salavati
- Liver and Digestive Research Center, Reaserch Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Manouchehr Ahmadi Hedayati
- Liver and Digestive Research Center, Reaserch Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Amjad Ahmadi
- Liver and Digestive Research Center, Reaserch Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Shohreh Fakhari
- Liver and Digestive Research Center, Reaserch Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Ali Jalili
- Liver and Digestive Research Center, Reaserch Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
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29
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George S, Lucero Y, Torres JP, Lagomarcino AJ, O'Ryan M. Gastric Damage and Cancer-Associated Biomarkers in Helicobacter pylori-Infected Children. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:90. [PMID: 32117120 PMCID: PMC7029740 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is well-known to be involved in gastric carcinogenesis, associated with deregulation of cell proliferation and epigenetic changes in cancer-related genes. H. pylori infection is largely acquired during childhood, persisting long-term in about half of infected individuals, a subset of whom will go on to develop peptic ulcer disease and eventually gastric cancer, however, the sequence of events leading to disease is not completely understood. Knowledge on carcinogenesis and gastric damage-related biomarkers is abundant in adult populations, but scarce in children. We performed an extensive literature review focusing on gastric cancer related biomarkers identified in adult populations, which have been detected in children infected with H. pylori. Biomarkers were related to expression levels (RNA or protein) and/or methylation levels (DNA) in gastric tissue or blood of infected children as compared to non-infected controls. In this review, we identified 37 biomarkers of which 24 are over expressed, three are under expressed, and ten genes are significantly hypermethylated in H. pylori-infected children compared to healthy controls in at least 1 study. Only four of these biomarkers (pepsinogen I, pepsinogen II, gastrin, and SLC5A8) have been studied in asymptomatically infected children. Importantly, 13 of these biomarkers (β-catenin, C-MYC, GATA-4, DAPK1, CXCL13, DC-SIGN, TIMP3, EGFR, GRIN2B, PIM2, SLC5A8, CDH1, and VCAM-1.) are consistently deregulated in infected children and in adults with gastric cancer. Future studies should be designed to determine the clinical significance of these changes in infection-associated biomarkers in children and their persistence over time. The effect of eradication therapy over these biomarkers in children if proven significant, could lead to modifications in treatment guidelines for younger populations, and eventually promote the development of preventive strategies, such as vaccination, in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio George
- Host-Pathogen Interaction Laboratory, Microbiology and Mycology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Yalda Lucero
- Host-Pathogen Interaction Laboratory, Microbiology and Mycology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery, Dr. Roberto del Río Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan Pablo Torres
- Host-Pathogen Interaction Laboratory, Microbiology and Mycology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery, Dr. Luis Calvo Mackenna Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Anne J Lagomarcino
- Host-Pathogen Interaction Laboratory, Microbiology and Mycology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Miguel O'Ryan
- Host-Pathogen Interaction Laboratory, Microbiology and Mycology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy (IMII), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Peng C, Hu Y, Ge ZM, Zou QM, Lyu NH. Diagnosis and treatment of Helicobacter pylori infections in children and elderly populations. Chronic Dis Transl Med 2019; 5:243-251. [PMID: 32055783 PMCID: PMC7005112 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdtm.2019.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is associated with various gastric and extra-gastric diseases. Importantly, this infection is the strongest known risk factor for gastric cancer (GC). H. pylori eradication can effectively prevent H. pylori infection-associated diseases in H. pylori-positive patients, including children and elderly subjects. However, a limited selection of antibiotics, a higher reinfection rate, and certain spontaneous clearance rates, to some extent, restrict the choice of H. pylori treatments in pediatrics. In addition, it is imperative to perform an accurate diagnosis of H. pylori infection in children by determining the presence of the H. pylori infection and the underlying cause of symptoms. In elderly patients, poor tolerance to drugs and higher sensitivity to adverse effects are major concerns during H. pylori therapy. Recent studies have demonstrated that H. pylori eradication could significantly lower the GC risk in the elderly population. The benefit and risk of H. pylori eradication in elderly patients should be comprehensively considered and balanced. If available, susceptibility-based tailored therapies may be preferable in eradicating H. pylori. In addition, to increase the eradication rate and reduce adverse effects, new therapeutic strategies (e.g., probiotic supplementation, berberine supplementation, dual therapy) for H. pylori infection are being extensively investigated. The impact of H. pylori eradication with antibiotics on the microbiota in children has been explored, but further high-quality studies are crucial to delineate the extent of H. pylori eradication affecting the microbial community in children. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of H. pylori diagnosis and treatment in children and the elderly population and aim to provide insights into the efficient management and treatment implementation in these populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nachang, Jiangxi 330000, China
| | - Yi Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nachang, Jiangxi 330000, China
| | - Zhong-Ming Ge
- Division of Comparative Medicine, The Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Quan-Ming Zou
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400000, China
| | - Nong-Hua Lyu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nachang, Jiangxi 330000, China
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Šterbenc A, Jarc E, Poljak M, Homan M. Helicobacter pylori virulence genes. World J Gastroenterol 2019; 25:4870-4884. [PMID: 31543679 PMCID: PMC6737321 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i33.4870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is one of the most important human pathogens, infecting approximately half of the global population. Despite its high prevalence, only a subset of H. pylori infected individuals develop serious gastroduodenal pathology. The pathogenesis of H. pylori infection and disease outcome is thus thought to be mediated by an intricate interplay between host, environmental and bacterial virulence factors. H. pylori has adapted to the harsh milieu of the human stomach through possession of various virulence genes that enable survival of the bacteria in the acidic environment, movement towards the gastric epithelium, and attachment to gastric epithelial cells. These virulence factors enable successful colonization of the gastric mucosa and sustain persistent H. pylori infection, causing chronic inflammation and tissue damage, which may eventually lead to the development of peptic ulcers and gastric cancer. Numerous studies have focused on the prevalence and role of putative H. pylori virulence genes in disease pathogenesis. While several virulence factors with various functions have been identified, disease associations appear to be less evident, especially among different study populations. This review presents key findings on the most important H. pylori virulence genes, including several bacterial adhesins and toxins, in children and adults, and focuses on their prevalence, clinical significance and potential relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Šterbenc
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - Erika Jarc
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - Mario Poljak
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - Matjaž Homan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University Children’s Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
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Bagheri N, Shirzad H, Mirzaei Y, Nahid-Samiei M, Sanaei M, Rahimian G, Shafigh M, Zandi F, Tahmasbi K, Razavi A. T-bet + Cells Polarization in Patients Infected with Helicobacter pylori Increase the Risk of Peptic Ulcer Development. Arch Med Res 2019; 50:113-121. [PMID: 31495388 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2019.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) is a common disease worldwide moreover known as stomach ulcer or peptic ulcer. Increased the number of T CD4+ helper cells in response to gastric infection by Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) play an important role in the development of PUD. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of T-bet+ cells in H. pylori-infection, its interaction with Th17/Treg cells and its association with the clinical consequences of the infection. METHODS A total of 63 patients with PUD, 89 patients with gastritis and 48 H. pylori-negative subjects were enrolled in this study. The number of T-bet+ cells were determined by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS The numbers of T-bet+ cells and INF-γ expression in infected patients were significantly higher than uninfected. Moreover, the number of T-bet+ cells and INF-γ expression in infected patients with PUD were significantly higher than infected patients with gastritis. Additionally, the number of T-bet+ cells and INF-γ expression were found to be inversely correlated with degree of H. pylori density and chronic inflammation score (CIS) in infected patients with gastritis disease, but this correlation was positive in the infected patients with PUD. The number of T-bet+ cells was found to be positively correlated with the number of Th17 cells and inversely correlated with the number of Treg cells in infected patients with gastritis and PUD. CONCLUSION Abnormal hyper-activation of T-bet+ cells during H. pylori-infection may lead to tissue damage caused by immunopathologic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nader Bagheri
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Hedayatollah Shirzad
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
| | - Yousef Mirzaei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Soran University, Soran, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Mahboobeh Nahid-Samiei
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Mohammadjavad Sanaei
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Ghorbanali Rahimian
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Mohammadhadi Shafigh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Farid Zandi
- Department of Medical Bacteriology, School of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kamran Tahmasbi
- Department of Pathology, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Alireza Razavi
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Keikha M, Eslami M, Yousefi B, Ghasemian A, Karbalaei M. Potential antigen candidates for subunit vaccine development against
Helicobacter pylori
infection. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:21460-21470. [PMID: 31188484 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Keikha
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Bu‐Ali Research Institute Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
| | - Majid Eslami
- Cancer Research Center Semnan University of Medical Sciences Semnan Iran
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Department of Immunology Semnan University of Medical Sciences Semnan Iran
| | - Abdolmajid Ghasemian
- Department of Biology, Tehran Central Branch Islamic Azad University Tehran Iran
| | - Mohsen Karbalaei
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine Jiroft University of Medical Sciences Jiroft Iran
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Zhang X, Liu CJ. Immune response and immune escape mechanism in Helicobacter pylori infection. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2018; 26:1832-1842. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v26.i31.1832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a Gram-negative bacterium which is parasitic on the surface of the gastric mucosa, and it is a causative agent in the development of chronic gastritis, gastric and duodenal peptic ulcer, gastric adenocarcinoma, and lymphoid tissue lymphoma associated with the gastric mucosa. After H. pylori infection, the bacterium is first recognized by the pattern recognition receptors of immune cells, which in turn causes the innate immune and adaptive immune responses, but these responses are usually insufficient to eliminate bacterial infections. H. pylori can evade the identification and clearance by the immune system by modifying and attenuating the immunogenicity of its pathogen-associated molecular patterns, regulating the immune responses of innate immune cells and T cells, and leading to persistent infection. A thorough understanding of the immune response and immune escape mechanism in H. pylori infection is of great significance for eliminating H. pylori infection and controlling the occurrence of H. pylori infection-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, the Fourth Medical Center of the PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China,Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Chun-Jie Liu
- Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
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35
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Association of TNF-α but not IL-1β levels with the presence of Helicobacter pylori infection increased the risk of peptic ulcer development. Cytokine 2018; 110:232-236. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Abstract
Helicobacter pylori infection is acquired mainly in childhood and remains an essential cause of peptic ulcer disease and gastric cancer. This article provides commentary on the last ESPGHAN/NASPGHAN guidelines and on publications made after the consensus conference of 2015. The majority of infected children are asymptomatic and pediatric studies do not support a role for H. pylori in functional disorders such as recurrent abdominal pain. The role of H. pylori infection in failure to thrive, children's growth, type I diabetes mellitus (T1DM), and celiac disease remains controversial. The diagnosis of infection should be based on upper-digestive endoscopy with biopsy-based methods. Eradication control after treatment should be based on validated non-invasive tests. Nodular gastritis is the main endoscopic finding of childhood H. pylori infection, but gastroduodenal erosions/ulcers are seen in some children, especially after 10 years of age. When indicated, eradication treatment should be given when good compliance is expected and based on the antimicrobial susceptibility profile.
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37
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Roberts-Thomson IC. Rise and fall of peptic ulceration: A disease of civilization? J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 33:1321-1326. [PMID: 29319200 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.14090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Revised: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Humans and Helicobacter pylori have evolved and adapted over tens of thousands of years. Yet peptic ulcer disease appeared to be rare prior to the 19th century. The prevalence of peptic ulcer disease increased between 1850 and 1900 and culminated in a cohort at high risk that was born at the end of the 19th century. This coincided with the provision of safe water and improvements in sanitation and personal hygiene. One hypothesis for the emergence of peptic ulcer disease focuses on the rate of development of atrophic gastritis induced by H. pylori. The hypothesis developed in this article focuses on delay in the age of acquisition of H. pylori to a time when immune and inflammatory responses to the infection were more mature. Whereas the acquisition of H. pylori in infancy usually resulted in mild pangastritis, hypochlorhydria, and a low risk for peptic ulcer disease, delayed acquisition could cause either more severe pangastritis (predisposing to gastric ulceration) or gastritis largely restricted to the antrum of the stomach (predisposing to duodenal ulceration). The decline in the prevalence of peptic ulcer disease over the past 100 years parallels the decline in the prevalence of H. pylori. The epidemic of ulcer disease in the first half of the 20th century seems likely to be an adverse effect of important public health measures undertaken in the latter half of the 19th century.
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Bagheri N, Salimzadeh L, Shirzad H. The role of T helper 1-cell response in Helicobacter pylori-infection. Microb Pathog 2018; 123:1-8. [PMID: 29936093 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a human pathogen affecting over 50% of the world population. This pathogen is usually associated with chronic inflammation of the gastric mucosa that can lead to peptic ulcer disease (PUD) and gastric cancer (GC), especially in susceptible individuals. These outcomes have been attributed to the interaction of several factors, including host genetic susceptibility, local innate and adaptive immune responses, virulence factors of H. pylori, and environmental factors. T helper (Th) cell subsets and their signature cytokines especially IFN-γ, contribute to anti-bacterial response, but at the mean time sustaining chronic inflammatory responses in the site of infection. It has been acknowledged that H. pylori-infection results in a Th1-dominant response and that inflammation of the gastric mucosa depends mainly on Th1 cell responses. But, the mechanism of the role of Th1 cell responses in H. pylori-infection has not yet been clearly explained. In this review, we will focus on the role of Th1 involved in H. pylori-infection, its interaction with Th17/Treg cells and its association with the clinical consequences of the infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nader Bagheri
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
| | - Loghman Salimzadeh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hedayatollah Shirzad
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
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Chen H, Chen S, Shi Y, Lu Y, Yu B. Children with open tibial fractures show significantly lower infection rates than adults: clinical comparative study. INTERNATIONAL ORTHOPAEDICS 2018; 43:713-718. [DOI: 10.1007/s00264-018-3996-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Liu WZ, Xie Y, Lu H, Cheng H, Zeng ZR, Zhou LY, Chen Y, Wang JB, Du YQ, Lu NH. Fifth Chinese National Consensus Report on the management of Helicobacter pylori infection. Helicobacter 2018; 23:e12475. [PMID: 29512258 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 291] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since the 'Fourth Chinese National Consensus Report on the management of H. pylori infection' was published in 2012, three important consensuses (Kyoto global consensus report on H. pylori gastritis, The Toronto Consensus for the Treatment of H. pylori Infection in Adults and Management of H. pylori infection-the Maastricht V/Florence Consensus Report) have been published regarding the management of H. pylori infection. MATERIALS AND METHODS A Delphi method was adopted to develop the consensus of relevant 'statements'. First, the established 'statements' were sent to experts via email. Second, after undergoing two rounds of consultation, the initial statements were discussed face to face and revised in the conference item by item on 16 December 2016. Finally, 21 core members of conferees participated in the final vote of statements. Voting for each statement was performed using an electronic system with levels of agreements shown on the screen in real time. RESULTS Consensus contents contained a total of 48 "statements" and related 6 parts, including indications for H. pylori eradication, diagnosis, treatment, H. pylori and gastric cancer, H. pylori infection in special populations, H. pylori and gastrointestinal microbiota. CONCLUSIONS Recommendations are provided on the basis of the best available evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhong Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Hong Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Cheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi Rong Zeng
- Division of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Li Ya Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ye Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jiang Bin Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yi Qi Du
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Nong Hua Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
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Bagheri N, Razavi A, Pourgheysari B, Azadegan-Dehkordi F, Rahimian G, Pirayesh A, Shafigh M, Rafieian-Kopaei M, Fereidani R, Tahmasbi K, Shirzad H. Up-regulated Th17 cell function is associated with increased peptic ulcer disease in Helicobacter pylori-infection. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2018; 60:117-125. [PMID: 29481961 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2018.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection CD4+ T cells in the gastric lamina propria are hyporesponsive and polarized by Th1/Th17 cell responses controlled by Treg cells. The objective of this study was to determine the number of Th17 cells in gastric mucosa of patients with gastritis and peptic ulcer and determined the relationship between main virulence factor of H. pylori and Th17 cells. METHODS AND MATERIALS A total of 89 H. pylori-infected gastritis patients, 63 H. pylori-infected peptic ulcer patients and 48 H. pylori-negative non-ulcer dysplasia patients were enrolled in this study. The number of Th17 was determined by immunohistochemistry. IL-8 and IL-17A expressions were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Also, the grade of chronic and active inflammation was investigated for involvement according to the density of neutrophils and mononuclear in gastric mucosal crypts, from one to all crypts. RESULTS The number of Th17 cells and the expression of IL-8 and IL-17A in infected patients were significantly higher than uninfected subjects. The number of Th17 cells and the expression of IL-8 and IL-17A in infected patients with peptic ulcer were significantly higher than patients with gastritis. Additionally, the numbers of Th17 cells as well as the expression of IL-8 and IL-17A were positively correlated with the degree of H. pylori density in infected patients with peptic ulcer, while this correlation was negative in infected patients with gastritis. The numbers of Th17 cells as well as the expression of IL-8 and IL-17A were positively correlated with the degree of chronic inflammation. CONCLUSION The predominant Th17 cell responses may play a role in the pathogenesis of peptic ulcers disease in infected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nader Bagheri
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Alireza Razavi
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Batoul Pourgheysari
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Azadegan-Dehkordi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Ghorbanali Rahimian
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Ashkan Pirayesh
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Mohammedhadi Shafigh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Rafieian-Kopaei
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Rana Fereidani
- Department of Pathology, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Kamran Tahmasbi
- Department of Pathology, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Hedayatollah Shirzad
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
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Sadeghiani M, Bagheri N, Shahi H, Reiisi S, Rahimian G, Rashidi R, Mahsa M, Shafigh M, Salimi E, Rafieian-Kopaei M, Hashemzadeh-Chaleshtori M, Shirzad H. cag Pathogenicity island-dependent upregulation of matrix metalloproteinase-7 in infected patients with Helicobacter pylori. J Immunoassay Immunochem 2017; 38:595-607. [PMID: 28699830 DOI: 10.1080/15321819.2017.1351372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection has been involved in the pathogenesis of most important gastroduodenal diseases. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a large family of zincendopeptidases which play important roles in degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM) and various inflammatory diseases. Therefore, we examined MMP-7 mRNA levels in the gastric mucosa of patients with H. pylori infection and evaluated the effects of virulence factors, such as vacA (vacuolating cytotoxin A) and cagA (cytotoxin-associated gene), in H. pylori-infected patients upon the MMP-7 mRNA mucosal levels. We also determined the correlation between mucosal MMP-7 mRNA levels and the types of disease. Total RNA was extracted from gastric biopsies of 50 H. pylori-infected patients and 50 uninfected individuals. Mucosal MMP-7 mRNA expression level in H. pylori-infected and non-infected gastric biopsies was determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The presences of cagA and vacA virulence factors was evaluated using PCR. MMP-7 expression was significantly higher in biopsies of patients infected with H .pylori compared to uninfected individuals. In addition, mucosal MMP-7 mRNA expression in H. pylori-infected patients significantly associated with the cagA status and the types of disease. Our results suggest that MMP-7 might be involved in the pathogenesis of H. pylori. Peptic ulcer was associated with cag pathogenicity island-dependent MMP-7 upregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Sadeghiani
- a Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences , Shahrekord , Iran
| | - Nader Bagheri
- b Department of Immunology , School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Heshmat Shahi
- a Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences , Shahrekord , Iran
| | - Somayeh Reiisi
- c Department of Genetic, Faculty of Basic Science , Shahrekoed University , Shahrekord , Iran
| | - Ghorbanali Rahimian
- d Department of Internal Medicine , Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences , Shahrekord , Iran
| | - Reza Rashidi
- d Department of Internal Medicine , Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences , Shahrekord , Iran
| | - Majid Mahsa
- d Department of Internal Medicine , Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences , Shahrekord , Iran
| | - Mohammedhadi Shafigh
- d Department of Internal Medicine , Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences , Shahrekord , Iran
| | - Elaheh Salimi
- e Urology Research Center, Tehran University Medical of Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Mahmoud Rafieian-Kopaei
- f Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences , Shahrekord , Iran
| | - Morteza Hashemzadeh-Chaleshtori
- a Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences , Shahrekord , Iran
| | - Hedayatollah Shirzad
- a Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences , Shahrekord , Iran
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Exploitation of Interleukin-10 (IL-10) Signaling Pathways: Alternate Roles of Viral and Cellular IL-10 in Rhesus Cytomegalovirus Infection. J Virol 2016; 90:9920-9930. [PMID: 27558431 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00635-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There is accumulating evidence that the viral interleukin-10 (vIL-10) ortholog of both human and rhesus cytomegalovirus (HCMV and RhCMV, respectively) suppresses the functionality of cell types that are critical to contain virus dissemination and help shape long-term immunity during the earliest virus-host interactions. In particular, exposure of macrophages, peripheral blood mononuclear cells, monocyte-derived dendritic cells, and plasmacytoid dendritic cells to vIL-10 suppresses multiple effector functions including, notably, those that link innate and adaptive immune responses. Further, vaccination of RhCMV-uninfected rhesus macaques with nonfunctional forms of RhCMV vIL-10 greatly restricted parameters of RhCMV infection following RhCMV challenge of the vaccinees. Vaccinees exhibited significantly reduced shedding of RhCMV in saliva and urine following RhCMV challenge compared to shedding in unvaccinated controls. Based on the evidence that vIL-10 is critical during acute infection, the role of vIL-10 during persistent infection was analyzed in rhesus macaques infected long term with RhCMV to determine whether postinfection vaccination against vIL-10 could change the virus-host balance. RhCMV-seropositive macaques, which shed RhCMV in saliva, were vaccinated with nonfunctional RhCMV vIL-10, and shedding levels of RhCMV in saliva were evaluated. Following robust increases in vIL-10-binding and vIL-10-neutralizing antibodies, shedding levels of RhCMV modestly declined, consistent with the interpretation that vIL-10 may play a functional role during persistent infection. However, a more significant association was observed between the levels of cellular IL-10 secreted in peripheral blood mononuclear cells exposed to RhCMV antigens and shedding of RhCMV in saliva. This result implies that RhCMV persistence is associated with the induction of cellular IL-10 receptor-mediated signaling pathways. IMPORTANCE Human health is adversely impacted by viruses that establish lifelong infections that are often accompanied with increased morbidity and mortality (e.g., infections with HIV, hepatitis C virus, or human cytomegalovirus). A longstanding but unfulfilled goal has been to develop postinfection vaccine strategies that could "reboot" the immune system of an infected individual in ways that would enable the infected host to develop immune responses that clear reservoirs of persistent virus infection, effectively curing the host of infection. This concept was evaluated in rhesus macaques infected long term with rhesus cytomegalovirus by repeatedly immunizing infected animals with nonfunctional versions of the rhesus cytomegalovirus-encoded viral interleukin-10 immune-modulating protein. Following vaccine-mediated boosting of antibody titers to viral interleukin-10, there was modest evidence for increased immunological control of the virus following vaccination. More significantly, data were also obtained that indicated that rhesus cytomegalovirus is able to persist due to upregulation of the cellular interleukin-10 signaling pathway.
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Azadegan-Dehkordi F, Bagheri N, Shirzad M, Sanei MH, Hashemzadeh-Chaleshtori M, Rafieian-Kopaei M, Tabatabaiefar MA, Shirzad H. Correlation Between Mucosal IL-6 mRNA Expression Level and Virulence Factors of Helicobacter pylori in Iranian Adult Patients With Chronic Gastritis. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2015; 8:e21701. [PMID: 26464767 PMCID: PMC4600329 DOI: 10.5812/jjm.21701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Revised: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori infection is associated with gastritis and marked infiltration of the gastric mucosa by several cytokines secreting inflammatory cells that contribute to sustained local inflammation. In this study, we sought to examine IL-6 expression in H. pylori-infected and uninfected gastric mucosa and elucidate the implication in the pathogenesis of H. pylori-associated gastritis in human. OBJECTIVES The current study aimed to determine mucosal IL-6 mRNA expression level and their correlation with virulence factors and the grade of chronic gastritis among H. pylori infected patients with chronic gastritis from Shahrekord, Iran. PATIENTS AND METHODS Mucosal IL-6 mRNA levels was measured by real-time PCR using endoscopic biopsies taken from the gastric antrum of 58 subjects infected with H. pylori and 44 uninfected subjects. Presence of vacA and cagA virulence factors was evaluated using PCR. RESULTS The IL-6 mRNA expression levels were significantly more elevated in H. pylori-positive patients than uninfected individuals and expression of this cytokine was independent from the virulence factors. There was a correlation between IL-6 expression level and the grade of chronic gastritis. CONCLUSIONS Enhanced induction of IL-6 may be involved in the pathogenesis of H. pylori-associated gastritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Azadegan-Dehkordi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, IR Iran
| | - Nader Bagheri
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Mahsa Shirzad
- Medical Plants Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, IR Iran
| | | | | | - Mahmoud Rafieian-Kopaei
- Medical Plants Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, IR Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Tabatabaiefar
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan,IR Iran
| | - Hedayatollah Shirzad
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Hedayatollah Shirzad, Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, IR Iran. Tel: +98-9131859510, Fax: +98-3813330709, E-mail:
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