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Gong L, Shen X, Huang N, Wu K, Li R, Liu Y, Zhang H, Chen S, Sun R. Research progress on hepatotoxicity mechanism of polygonum multiflorum and its main components. Toxicon 2024; 248:108040. [PMID: 39038664 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.108040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
As a traditional tonic Chinese medicine, Polygonum multiflorum is widely used in clinical practice. However, with the deepening of modern pharmacological research, its drug toxicity, especially hepatotoxicity, has become increasingly prominent. Based on a large number of clinical and experimental evidence, it has been confirmed that Polygonum multiflorum and its main active ingredients such as anthraquinones and diphenylethylene glucoside can cause different degrees of hepatotoxicity. Further studies have shown that the toxicological mechanisms involved in the hepatotoxicity of different extracts and components of Polygonum multiflorum may include oxidative phosphorylation, bile acid excretion, different metabolic pathways, genetic and metabolic factors, immune homeostasis, etc. By sorting out and summarizing the literature related to hepatotoxicity of Polygonum multiflorum in recent years, this paper discussed the hepatotoxicity mechanism of Polygonum multiflorum and its main components and some contradictions in related reports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Gong
- The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, China
| | - Xianhui Shen
- The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, China
| | - Nana Huang
- The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, China; Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Kaiyi Wu
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Rongrong Li
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Huijie Zhang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Siyi Chen
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Rong Sun
- The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, China; Advanced Medical Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.
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Feng Y, Pan M, Li R, He W, Chen Y, Xu S, Chen H, Xu H, Lin Y. Recent developments and new directions in the use of natural products for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 132:155812. [PMID: 38905845 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) represents a significant global health challenge, and there is an urgent need to explore novel therapeutic interventions. Natural products have demonstrated highly promising effectiveness in the treatment of IBD. PURPOSE This study systematically reviews the latest research advancements in leveraging natural products for IBD treatment. METHODS This manuscript strictly adheres to the PRISMA guidelines. Relevant literature on the effects of natural products on IBD was retrieved from the PubMed, Web of Science and Cochrane Library databases using the search terms "natural product," "inflammatory bowel disease," "colitis," "metagenomics", "target identification", "drug delivery systems", "polyphenols," "alkaloids," "terpenoids," and so on. The retrieved data were then systematically summarized and reviewed. RESULTS This review assessed the different effects of various natural products, such as polyphenols, alkaloids, terpenoids, quinones, and others, in the treatment of IBD. While these natural products offer promising avenues for IBD management, they also face challenges in terms of clinical translation and drug discovery. The advent of metagenomics, single-cell sequencing, target identification techniques, drug delivery systems, and other cutting-edge technologies heralds a new era in overcoming these challenges. CONCLUSION This paper provides an overview of current research progress in utilizing natural products for the treatment of IBD, exploring how contemporary technological innovations can aid in discovering and harnessing bioactive natural products for the treatment of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqian Feng
- Fujian-Macao Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Traditional Chinese Medicine-Oriented Chronic Disease Prevention and Treatment, Innovation and Transformation Center, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Mengting Pan
- Institute of Structural Pharmacology & TCM Chemical Biology, Fujian Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Ruiqiong Li
- College of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Weishen He
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Yangyang Chen
- Institute of Structural Pharmacology & TCM Chemical Biology, Fujian Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Shaohua Xu
- Institute of Structural Pharmacology & TCM Chemical Biology, Fujian Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China.
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350004, China.
| | - Huilong Xu
- Institute of Structural Pharmacology & TCM Chemical Biology, Fujian Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China.
| | - Yao Lin
- Fujian-Macao Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Traditional Chinese Medicine-Oriented Chronic Disease Prevention and Treatment, Innovation and Transformation Center, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China.
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Ki MR, Youn S, Kim DH, Pack SP. Natural Compounds for Preventing Age-Related Diseases and Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7530. [PMID: 39062777 PMCID: PMC11276798 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Aging is a multifaceted process influenced by hereditary factors, lifestyle, and environmental elements. As time progresses, the human body experiences degenerative changes in major functions. The external and internal signs of aging manifest in various ways, including skin dryness, wrinkles, musculoskeletal disorders, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, neurodegenerative disorders, and cancer. Additionally, cancer, like aging, is a complex disease that arises from the accumulation of various genetic and epigenetic alterations. Circadian clock dysregulation has recently been identified as an important risk factor for aging and cancer development. Natural compounds and herbal medicines have gained significant attention for their potential in preventing age-related diseases and inhibiting cancer progression. These compounds demonstrate antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative, pro-apoptotic, anti-metastatic, and anti-angiogenic effects as well as circadian clock regulation. This review explores age-related diseases, cancers, and the potential of specific natural compounds in targeting the key features of these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Ran Ki
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong-Ro 2511, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea; (M.-R.K.); (S.Y.); (D.H.K.)
- Institute of Industrial Technology, Korea University, Sejong-Ro 2511, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Sol Youn
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong-Ro 2511, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea; (M.-R.K.); (S.Y.); (D.H.K.)
| | - Dong Hyun Kim
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong-Ro 2511, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea; (M.-R.K.); (S.Y.); (D.H.K.)
| | - Seung Pil Pack
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong-Ro 2511, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea; (M.-R.K.); (S.Y.); (D.H.K.)
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Zheng Y, Zhao Y, Li Z, Xu M, Lu Y, Li X. Puerarin-containing rhein-crosslinked tyramine-modified hyaluronic acid hydrogel for antibacterial and anti-inflammatory wound dressings. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 271:132527. [PMID: 38777027 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Wound infections, posing a grave risk of severe physical consequences and even mortality, exact a substantial financial toll on society, rendering them among the most formidable challenges confronting our world today. A critical imperative is the development of hydrogel dressings endowed with immune-regulating and antibacterial properties. This study is founded upon the symbiotic physical and efficacious attributes of two small natural molecules. An injectable hydrogel is meticulously crafted by encapsulating puerarin (PUE) into tyramine-modified hyaluronic acid, subsequently introducing rhein (RHE), and catalyzing the formation of inter-phenol crosslinks with H2O2/horseradish peroxidase (HA-Tyr-R@P). Exhibiting a favorable microenvironmental impact the developed hydrogel attains an antibacterial efficacy exceeding 95 %, coupled with a wound closure rate twice that of the control group. HA-Tyr-R@P hydrogels not only inhibit bacterial growth but also mitigate inflammation, fostering wound healing, owing to their harmonized physicochemical characteristics and synergistic therapeutic effects. This work underscores the creation of a singular, versatile hydrogel platform, negating the complexities and side effects associated with pharmaceutical preparations. Furthermore, it offers new ideas for the formulation of RHE-based hydrogels for wound healing, emphasizing the pivotal role of natural small molecules in advancing biological materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Yuxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Zhibei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Min Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Yongping Lu
- Science and Technologv Innovation Center Guangyuan Central Hospital, Guangyuan 628000, China; Guangyuan Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Medical Hydrogel Guangyuan Central Hospital, Guangyuan 628000, China
| | - Xiaofang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
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Koirala S, Samanta S, Kar P. Identification of inhibitors for neurodegenerative diseases targeting dual leucine zipper kinase through virtual screening and molecular dynamics simulations. SAR AND QSAR IN ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 35:457-482. [PMID: 38855951 DOI: 10.1080/1062936x.2024.2363195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases lead to a gradual decline in cognitive and motor functions due to the progressive loss of neurons in the central nervous system. The role of dual leucine zipper kinase (DLK) in regulating stress responses and neuronal death pathways highlights its significance as a target against neurodegenerative diseases. The non-availability of FDA-approved drugs emphasizes a need to identify novel DLK-inhibitors. We screened NPAtlas (Natural products) and MedChemExpress (FDA-approved) libraries to identify potent ATP-competitive DLK inhibitors. ADMET analyses identified four compounds (two natural products and two FDA-approved) with favourable features. Subsequently, we performed molecular dynamics simulations to examine the binding-stability and ligand-induced conformational dynamics. Molecular mechanics Poisson Boltzmann surface area (MM-PBSA) calculations demonstrated CID139591660, dithranol, and danthron having greater affinity, while CID156581477 showed lower affinity than control sunitinib. PCA and network analysis results indicated structural and network alteration post-ligand binding. Furthermore, we identified an analogue of CID156581477 using the deep learning-based web server DeLA Drug which demonstrated a higher affinity than its parent compound and the control and identified several crucial interacting residues. Overall, our study provides significant theoretical guidance for designing potent novel DLK inhibitors and compounds that could emerge as promising drug candidates against DLK following laboratory validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Koirala
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India
| | - S Samanta
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India
| | - P Kar
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India
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Feng R, Fan Y, Zhang X, Chen L, Zhong ZF, Wang Y, Yu H, Zhang QW, Li G. A Biomimetic Multifunctional Nanoframework for Symptom Relief and Restorative Treatment of Acute Liver Failure. ACS NANO 2024. [PMID: 38294834 PMCID: PMC10883031 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c00173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Acute liver failure (ALF) is a rare and serious condition characterized by major hepatocyte death and liver dysfunction. Owing to the limited therapeutic options, this disease generally has a poor prognosis and a high mortality rate. When ALF cannot be reversed by medications, liver transplantation is often needed. However, transplant rejection and the shortage of donor organs still remain major challenges. Most recently, stem cell therapy has emerged as a promising alternative for the treatment of liver diseases. However, the limited cell delivery routes and poor stability of live cell products have greatly hindered the feasibility and therapeutic efficacy of stem cell therapy. Inspired by the functions of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) primarily through the secretion of several factors, we developed an MSC-inspired biomimetic multifunctional nanoframework (MBN) that encapsulates the growth-promoting factors secreted by MSCs via combination with hydrophilic or hydrophobic drugs. The red blood cell (RBC) membrane was coated with the MBN to enhance its immunological tolerance and prolong its circulation time in blood. Importantly, the MBN can respond to the oxidative microenvironment, where it accumulates and degrades to release the payload. In this work, two biomimetic nanoparticles, namely, rhein-encapsulated MBN (RMBN) and N-acetylcysteine (NAC)-encapsulated MBN (NMBN), were designed and synthesized. In lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/d-galactosamine (D-GalN)-induced and acetaminophen (APAP)-induced ALF mouse models, RMBN and NMBN could effectively target liver lesions, relieve the acute symptoms of ALF, and promote liver cell regeneration by virtue of their strong antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and regenerative activities. This study demonstrated the feasibility of the use of an MSC-inspired biomimetic nanoframework for treating ALF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruibing Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, P. R. China
| | - Yu Fan
- Macao Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, P. R. China
- Zhuhai UM Science and Technology Research Institute, Zhuhai 519031, P.R. China
| | - Xinya Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, P. R. China
- Zhuhai UM Science and Technology Research Institute, Zhuhai 519031, P.R. China
| | - Lanmei Chen
- The Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Guangdong Zhanjiang, School of Ocean and Tropical Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524023, P.R. China
| | - Zhang-Feng Zhong
- Macao Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, P. R. China
| | - Yitao Wang
- Macao Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, P. R. China
| | - Hua Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, P. R. China
| | - Qing-Wen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, P. R. China
| | - Guodong Li
- Macao Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, P. R. China
- Zhuhai UM Science and Technology Research Institute, Zhuhai 519031, P.R. China
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Lotsios NS, Keskinidou C, Dimopoulou I, Kotanidou A, Orfanos SE, Vassiliou AG. Aquaporin Expression and Regulation in Clinical and Experimental Sepsis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:487. [PMID: 38203657 PMCID: PMC10778766 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is an inflammatory disorder caused by the host's dysfunctional response to infection. Septic patients present diverse clinical characteristics, and in the recent years, it has been the main cause of death in intensive care units (ICU). Aquaporins, membrane proteins with a role in water transportation, have been reported to participate in numerous biological processes. Their role in sepsis progression has been studied extensively. This review aims to examine recent literature on aquaporin expression and regulation in clinical sepsis, as well as established experimental models of sepsis. We will present how sepsis affects aquaporin expression at the molecular and protein level. Moreover, we will delve into the importance of aquaporin regulation at transcriptional, post-transcriptional, translational, and post-translational levels in sepsis by presenting data on aquaporin regulation by non-coding RNAs and selected chemical molecules. Finally, we will focus on the importance of aquaporin single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the setting of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Alice G. Vassiliou
- First Department of Critical Care Medicine & Pulmonary Services, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Evangelismos Hospital, 106 76 Athens, Greece; (N.S.L.); (C.K.); (I.D.); (A.K.); (S.E.O.)
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Jiang Y, Zang K, Sun J, Chandrapala J, Brennan C, Majzoobi M, Zeng XA. Characterization and stability investigation of rhein encapsulated microcapsules using different enteric biopolymers with pullulan and Jiuzao glutelin conjugates via Maillard reaction. Food Res Int 2023; 172:113135. [PMID: 37689899 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
The poor water solubility and rhein (RH) stability limit its application in the functional food industry. In the present study, the RH-loaded water-in-oil-in-water nano emulsion and microcapsules were prepared using the conjugates of pullulan-Jiuzao glutelin (JG) (m/m, 2:1, PJC-2) obtained by Maillard reaction and enteric-soluble materials (polymethlacrylic acid, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate, cellulose acetate phthalate, and D-mannitol). The effects of different formulations on the microstructure, physicochemical properties, and storage stability of microcapsules were analyzed. The results showed that microcapsules exhibited stability against different external environments. The encapsulation efficiency of RH in the four enteric-soluble-PJC-2 double-deck microcapsules (70.03 ± 3.24%-91.08 ± 4.78%) was significantly improved than PJC-2 ones (61.84 ± 0.47%). The antioxidant activity and stability of RH in the microcapsules were improved (ABTS, 49.7%-113.93%; DPPH, 40.85%-101.82%; FRA, 62.32%-126.42%; and FCA, 70.58%-147.20%) after in vitro simulated digestion and extreme environmental conditions compared to free RH. This work provides a microcapsule based on PJC-2 with enteric-soluble materials for insoluble functional ingredients to improve solubility, stability, and bioactivity in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunsong Jiang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Ministry of Education, 100048, People's Republic of China; School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora West Campus, Plenty Road, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Kai Zang
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Ministry of Education, 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinyuan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Ministry of Education, 100048, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jayani Chandrapala
- School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora West Campus, Plenty Road, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Charles Brennan
- School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora West Campus, Plenty Road, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Mahsa Majzoobi
- School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora West Campus, Plenty Road, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Xin-An Zeng
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, People's Republic of China.
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Li Y, Wang Z, Zhu M, Niu Z, Li M, Zheng Z, Hu H, Lu Z, Zhang J, Wan D, Chen Q, Yang Y. A chromosome-scale Rhubarb (Rheum tanguticum) genome assembly provides insights into the evolution of anthraquinone biosynthesis. Commun Biol 2023; 6:867. [PMID: 37612424 PMCID: PMC10447539 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05248-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhubarb is the collective name for various perennial plants from the genus Rheum L. and the Polygonaceae family. They are one of the most ancient, commonly used, and important herbs in traditional Chinese medicine. Rhubarb is a major source of anthraquinones, but how they are synthesized remains largely unknown. Here, we generate a genome sequence assembly of one important medicinal rhubarb R. tanguticum at the chromosome level, with 2.76 Gb assembled into 11 chromosomes. The genome is shaped by two recent whole-genome duplication events and recent bursts of retrotransposons. Metabolic analyses show that the major anthraquinones are mainly synthesized in its roots. Transcriptomic analysis reveals a co-expression module with a high correlation to anthraquinone biosynthesis that includes key chalcone synthase genes. One CHS, four CYP450 and two BGL genes involved in secondary metabolism show significantly upregulated expression levels in roots compared with other tissues and clustered in the co-expression module, which implies that they may also act as candidate genes for anthraquinone biosynthesis. This study provides valuable insights into the genetic bases of anthraquinone biosynthesis that will facilitate improved breeding practices and agronomic properties for rhubarb in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Zhenyue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Mingjia Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Zhimin Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Minjie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Zeyu Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Hongyin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Zhiqiang Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Dongshi Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Qiao Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | - Yongzhi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
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Simental-Mendía M, Lozano-Sepúlveda SA, Garza-Tapia M, Lara-Arias J, Acosta-Olivo CA, Vilchez-Cavazos F, Peña-Martínez VM. The Effects of the Combination of Rhein and Platelet-Rich Plasma on Human Articular Chondrocytes. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1723. [PMID: 37629580 PMCID: PMC10455863 DOI: 10.3390/life13081723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The presence of side effects and low bioavailability of rhein has limited its use in the treatment of osteoarthritis. We aimed to evaluate the in vitro response of human articular chondrocytes to the presence of the combination of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and rhein. METHODS Solutions of rhein were prepared to assess solubility and select a working concentration. A stimulus with interleukin-1β (IL-β, 10 ng/mL) was induced for 24 h on human chondrocytes. Five treatment groups were established: control, IL-β control, PRP, rhein, and PRP + rhein. Cell viability, cell migration, nitric oxide (NO) production, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and gene expression analyses were carried out. RESULTS A concentration of 50 mg/L was selected after a dose-response curve assay. Both NO and tumor TNF-α production significantly decreased after PRP and PRP + rhein treatments at 24 and 48 h. The wound healing assay revealed a significant stimulation of migration after 72 h with the PRP and PRP + rhein treatments. Expression of IL-1β, IL-6, MMP-13, and ADAMTS-5 was significantly downregulated, particularly after treatment with the combination of PRP + rhein. CONCLUSIONS Much of the determinations denoted a better performance of the combination of PRP and rhein in decreasing the levels of the different targets evaluated; however, this was not great enough to detect a significant difference in comparison with the PRP treatment alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Simental-Mendía
- Orthopedic Trauma Service, “Dr. José Eleuterio González” University Hospital, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey 66455, Mexico; (M.S.-M.); (J.L.-A.); (C.A.A.-O.); (F.V.-C.)
| | - Sonia Amelia Lozano-Sepúlveda
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey 66455, Mexico;
| | - Marsela Garza-Tapia
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey 66455, Mexico;
| | - Jorge Lara-Arias
- Orthopedic Trauma Service, “Dr. José Eleuterio González” University Hospital, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey 66455, Mexico; (M.S.-M.); (J.L.-A.); (C.A.A.-O.); (F.V.-C.)
| | - Carlos Alberto Acosta-Olivo
- Orthopedic Trauma Service, “Dr. José Eleuterio González” University Hospital, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey 66455, Mexico; (M.S.-M.); (J.L.-A.); (C.A.A.-O.); (F.V.-C.)
| | - Félix Vilchez-Cavazos
- Orthopedic Trauma Service, “Dr. José Eleuterio González” University Hospital, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey 66455, Mexico; (M.S.-M.); (J.L.-A.); (C.A.A.-O.); (F.V.-C.)
| | - Víctor Manuel Peña-Martínez
- Orthopedic Trauma Service, “Dr. José Eleuterio González” University Hospital, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey 66455, Mexico; (M.S.-M.); (J.L.-A.); (C.A.A.-O.); (F.V.-C.)
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11
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Woo S, Marquez L, Crandall WJ, Risener CJ, Quave CL. Recent advances in the discovery of plant-derived antimicrobial natural products to combat antimicrobial resistant pathogens: insights from 2018-2022. Nat Prod Rep 2023; 40:1271-1290. [PMID: 37439502 PMCID: PMC10472255 DOI: 10.1039/d2np00090c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Covering: 2018 to 2022Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a significant global health threat. There is a rising demand for innovative drug scaffolds and new targets to combat multidrug-resistant bacteria. Before the advent of antibiotics, infections were treated with plants chosen from traditional medicine practices. Of Earth's 374 000 plant species, approximately 9% have been used medicinally, but most species remain to be investigated. This review illuminates discoveries of antimicrobial natural products from plants covering 2018 to 2022. It highlights plant-derived natural products with antibacterial, antivirulence, and antibiofilm activity documented in lab studies. Additionally, this review examines the development of novel derivatives from well-studied parent natural products, as natural product derivatives have often served as scaffolds for anti-infective agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunmin Woo
- Center for the Study of Human Health, Emory University, USA
| | - Lewis Marquez
- Molecular and Systems Pharmacology Program, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, USA
| | - William J Crandall
- Molecular and Systems Pharmacology Program, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, USA
| | - Caitlin J Risener
- Molecular and Systems Pharmacology Program, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, USA
| | - Cassandra L Quave
- Center for the Study of Human Health, Emory University, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Emory University School of Medicine, USA.
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12
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Bao J, Gao W, Zhang W, Wang D, Pan H. Fibrin glue delivery system containing rhein ameliorates intervertebral disc degeneration by anti-inflammatory efficacy. J Orthop Surg Res 2023; 18:485. [PMID: 37415165 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-023-03961-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To construct an injectable, sustained-release fibrin gel containing rhein to solve the problem of low bioavailability of rhein, and observe its efficacy in the treatment of intervertebral disc degeneration. METHODS The fibrin gel containing rhein was first synthesized in advance. Subsequently, the materials were characterized by various experimental methods. Secondly, the degenerative cell model was constructed by stimulating nucleus pulposus cells with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and the corresponding intervention treatment was carried out to observe the effect in vitro. Finally, the rat tail intervertebral disc was acupunctured by needles to establish the intervertebral disc degeneration model, and the effect of the material was observed through intradiscal injection. RESULTS The fibrin glue containing rhein (rhein@FG) showed good injectability, sustained release and biocompatibility. Rhein@FG can improve the LPS-induced inflammatory microenvironment, regulate ECM metabolic disorders of nucleus pulposus cells and aggregation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in vitro, and inhibit cell pyroptosis. Furthermore, in vivo experiments, rhein@FG effectively prevented needle puncture-induced intervertebral disc degeneration in rats. CONCLUSIONS Rhein@FG has better efficacy than rhein or FG alone due to its slow release and mechanical properties, which can be used as a potential replacement therapy for intervertebral disc degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhang Bao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), No. 453 Tiyuchang Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou, 310007, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenshuo Gao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), No. 453 Tiyuchang Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou, 310007, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), No. 453 Tiyuchang Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou, 310007, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), No. 453 Tiyuchang Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou, 310007, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Orthopaedics, Hangzhou Dingqiao Hospital, No. 1630 Huanding Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 453 Tiyuchang Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou, 310007, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hao Pan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), No. 453 Tiyuchang Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou, 310007, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 453 Tiyuchang Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou, 310007, People's Republic of China.
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13
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Leseva MN, Buttari B, Saso L, Dimitrova PA. Infection Meets Inflammation: N6-Methyladenosine, an Internal Messenger RNA Modification as a Tool for Pharmacological Regulation of Host-Pathogen Interactions. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1060. [PMID: 37509095 PMCID: PMC10377384 DOI: 10.3390/biom13071060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The significance of internal mRNA modifications for the modulation of transcript stability, for regulation of nuclear export and translation efficiency, and their role in suppressing innate immunity is well documented. Over the years, the molecular complexes involved in the dynamic regulation of the most prevalent modifications have been characterized-we have a growing understanding of how each modification is set and erased, where it is placed, and in response to what cues. Remarkably, internal mRNA modifications, such as methylation, are emerging as an additional layer of regulation of immune cell homeostasis, differentiation, and function. A fascinating recent development is the investigation into the internal modifications of host/pathogen RNA, specifically N6-methyladenosine (m6A), its abundance and distribution during infection, and its role in disease pathogenesis and in shaping host immune responses. Low molecular weight compounds that target RNA-modifying enzymes have shown promising results in vitro and in animal models of different cancers and are expanding the tool-box in immuno-oncology. Excitingly, such modulators of host mRNA methyltransferase or demethylase activity hold profound implications for the development of new broad-spectrum therapeutic agents for infectious diseases as well. This review describes the newly uncovered role of internal mRNA modification in infection and in shaping the function of the immune system in response to invading pathogens. We will also discuss its potential as a therapeutic target and identify pitfalls that need to be overcome if it is to be effectively leveraged against infectious agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena N Leseva
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunotherapy, Department of Immunology, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Brigitta Buttari
- Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer", La Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Petya A Dimitrova
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunotherapy, Department of Immunology, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
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Zhang H, Ma L, Kim E, Yi J, Huang H, Kim H, Raza MA, Park S, Jang S, Kim K, Kim SH, Lee Y, Kim E, Ryoo ZY, Kim MO. Rhein Induces Oral Cancer Cell Apoptosis and ROS via Suppresse AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathway In Vitro and In Vivo. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108507. [PMID: 37239855 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral cancer remains the leading cause of death worldwide. Rhein is a natural compound extracted from the traditional Chinese herbal medicine rhubarb, which has demonstrated therapeutic effects in various cancers. However, the specific effects of rhein on oral cancer are still unclear. This study aimed to investigate the potential anticancer activity and underlying mechanisms of rhein in oral cancer cells. The antigrowth effect of rhein in oral cancer cells was estimated by cell proliferation, soft agar colony formation, migration, and invasion assay. The cell cycle and apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry. The underlying mechanism of rhein in oral cancer cells was explored by immunoblotting. The in vivo anticancer effect was evaluated by oral cancer xenografts. Rhein significantly inhibited oral cancer cell growth by inducing apoptosis and S-phase cell cycle arrest. Rhein inhibited oral cancer cell migration and invasion through the regulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition-related proteins. Rhein induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation in oral cancer cells to inhibit the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Rhein exerted anticancer activity in vitro and in vivo by inducing oral cancer cell apoptosis and ROS via the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in oral cancer. Rhein is a potential therapeutic drug for oral cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Zhang
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Republic of Korea
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Research Center for Horse Industry, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Republic of Korea
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Lei Ma
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Republic of Korea
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Research Center for Horse Industry, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Republic of Korea
| | - Eungyung Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Republic of Korea
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Research Center for Horse Industry, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Republic of Korea
| | - Junkoo Yi
- School of Animal Life Convergence Science, Hankyung National University, Anseong 17579, Republic of Korea
| | - Hai Huang
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Republic of Korea
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Research Center for Horse Industry, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonjin Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Republic of Korea
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Research Center for Horse Industry, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Republic of Korea
| | - Muhammad Atif Raza
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Republic of Korea
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Research Center for Horse Industry, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Republic of Korea
| | - Sijun Park
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyoung Jang
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Kirim Kim
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hyun Kim
- Department of Bio-Medical Analysis, Korea Polytechnic College, Chungnam 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngkyun Lee
- School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunkyong Kim
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Republic of Korea
| | - Zae Young Ryoo
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung Ok Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Republic of Korea
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Research Center for Horse Industry, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Republic of Korea
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15
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Therapeutic potential of natural molecules against Alzheimer's disease via SIRT1 modulation. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 161:114474. [PMID: 36878051 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease mainly characterized by progressive cognitive dysfunction and memory impairment. Recent studies have shown that regulating silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) expression has a significant neuroprotective effect, and SIRT1 may become a new therapeutic target for AD. Natural molecules are an important source of drug development for use in AD therapy and may regulate a wide range of biological events by regulating SIRT1 as well as other SIRT1-mediated signaling pathways. This review aims to summarize the correlation between SIRT1 and AD and to identify in vivo and in vitro studies investigating the anti-AD properties of natural molecules as modulators of SIRT1 and SIRT1-mediated signaling pathways. A literature search was conducted for studies published between January 2000 and October 2022 using various literature databases, including Web of Science, PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and EMBASE. Natural molecules, such as resveratrol, quercetin, icariin, bisdemethoxycurcumin, dihydromyricetin, salidroside, patchouli, sesamin, rhein, ligustilide, tetramethoxyflavanone, 1-theanine, schisandrin, curcumin, betaine, pterostilbene, ampelopsin, schisanhenol, and eriodictyol, have the potential to modulate SIRT1 and SIRT1 signaling pathways, thereby combating AD. The natural molecules modulating SIRT1 discussed in this review provide a potentially novel multi-mechanistic therapeutic strategy for AD. However, future clinical trials need to be conducted to further investigate their beneficial properties and to determine the safety and efficacy of SIRT1 natural activators against AD.
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Grassiri B, Mezzetta A, Maisetta G, Migone C, Fabiano A, Esin S, Guazzelli L, Zambito Y, Batoni G, Piras AM. Betaine- and L-Carnitine-Based Ionic Liquids as Solubilising and Stabilising Agents for the Formulation of Antimicrobial Eye Drops Containing Diacerein. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032714. [PMID: 36769037 PMCID: PMC9916883 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic efficacy of topically administered drugs, however powerful, is largely affected by their bioavailability and, thus, ultimately, on their aqueous solubility and stability. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of ionic liquids (ILs) as functional excipients to solubilise, stabilise, and prolong the ocular residence time of diacerein (DIA) in eye drop formulations. DIA is a poorly soluble and unstable anthraquinone prodrug, rapidly hydrolysed to rhein (Rhe), for the treatment of osteoarthritis. DIA has recently been evaluated as an antimicrobial agent for bacterial keratitis. Two ILs based on natural zwitterionic compounds were investigated: L-carnitine C6 alkyl ester bromide (Carn6), and betaine C6 alkyl ester bromide (Bet6). The stabilising, solubilising, and mucoadhesive properties of ILs were investigated, as well as their cytotoxicity to the murine fibroblast BALB/3T3 clone A31 cell line. Two IL-DIA-based eye drop formulations were prepared, and their efficacy against both Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was determined. Finally, the eye drops were administered in vivo on New Zealand albino rabbits, testing their tolerability as well as their elimination and degradation kinetics. Both Bet6 and Carn6 have good potential as functional excipients, showing solubilising, stabilising, mucoadhesive, and antimicrobial properties; their in vitro cytotoxicity and in vivo ocular tolerability pave the way for their future use in ophthalmic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea Mezzetta
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Giuseppantionio Maisetta
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Chiara Migone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Angela Fabiano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Semih Esin
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Centre for Instrument Sharing of University of Pisa (CISUP), 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Ylenia Zambito
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Research Centre for Nutraceutical and Healthy Foods “NUTRAFOOD”, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Giovanna Batoni
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Centre for Instrument Sharing of University of Pisa (CISUP), 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Piras
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Centre for Instrument Sharing of University of Pisa (CISUP), 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Correspondence:
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17
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Aung WW, Panich K, Watthanophas S, Naridsirikul S, Ponphaiboon J, Krongrawa W, Kulpicheswanich P, Limmatvapirat S, Limmatvapirat C. Preparation of Bioactive De-Chlorophyll Rhein-Rich Senna alata Extract. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12010181. [PMID: 36671382 PMCID: PMC9854576 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12010181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Senna alata leaves display various biological activities as a result of their rhein and phenolic composition. The objective of this study was to develop bioactive de-chlorophyll rhein-rich S. alata extracts. The rhein content was quantified using a validated high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) method. The best process parameters for maximizing rhein were established using ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE). The optimal conditions for the parameters were determined using the Box-Behnken design (BBD); 95% v/v ethanol was used as the extraction solvent at 59.52 °C for 18.4 min with a solvent-to-solid ratio of 25.48:1 (mL/g) to obtain the predicted value of rhein at 10.44 mg/g extract. However, the color of the rhein-rich extract remained dark brown. For the removal of chlorophyll, liquid-liquid extraction with vegetable oils and adsorption with bleaching agents were employed. The bleaching agents were significantly more effective at removing chlorophyll and had less of an effect on the reduction in rhein content than vegetable oils. The presence of rhein and phenolics in the de-chlorophyll extracts might be responsible for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial activities. These findings indicate that rhein-rich extract and its de-chlorophyll extracts possess sufficient biological activities for the further development of cosmeceuticals and pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wah Wah Aung
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand
- Pharmaceutical Biopolymer Group (PBiG), Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand
| | - Kanokpon Panich
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand
| | - Suchawalee Watthanophas
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand
| | - Sutada Naridsirikul
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand
| | - Juthaporn Ponphaiboon
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand
- Pharmaceutical Biopolymer Group (PBiG), Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand
| | - Wantanwa Krongrawa
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand
- Pharmaceutical Biopolymer Group (PBiG), Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand
| | | | - Sontaya Limmatvapirat
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand
- Pharmaceutical Biopolymer Group (PBiG), Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand
| | - Chutima Limmatvapirat
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand
- Pharmaceutical Biopolymer Group (PBiG), Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-34-255800; Fax: +66-34-255801
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Ye X, Wu K, Xu L, Cen Y, Ni J, Chen J, Zheng W, Liu W. Methanol extract of Inonotus obliquus improves type 2 diabetes mellitus through modifying intestinal flora. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 13:1103972. [PMID: 36686454 PMCID: PMC9852891 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1103972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) poses a significant risk to human health. Previous research demonstrated that Inonotus obliquus possesses good hypolipidemic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor properties. In this research, we aim to investigate the potential treatment outcomes of Inonotus obliquus for T2DM and discuss its favourable influences on the intestinal flora. The chemical composition of Inonotus obliquus methanol extracts (IO) was analyzed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-Q extractive-mass spectrometry. IO significantly improved the blood glucose level, blood lipid level, and inflammatory factor level in T2DM mice, and effectively alleviated the morphological changes of colon, liver and renal. Acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid levels in the feces of the IO group were restored. 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that the intestinal flora composition of mice in the IO group was significantly modulated. Inonotus obliquus showed significant hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects with evident anti-inflammatory activity and improved the morphological structure of various organs and cells. Inonotus obliquus increased the levels of short-chain fatty acids in the environment by increasing the population of certain bacteria that produce acid, such as Alistipes and Akkermansia, which are beneficial to improve intestinal flora disorders and maintain intestinal flora homeostasis. Meanwhile, Inonotus obliquus further alleviated T2DM symptoms in db/db mice by down-regulating the high number of microorganisms that are dangerous, such as Proteobacteria and Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group and up-regulating the abundance of beneficial bacteria such as Odoribacter and Rikenella. Therefore, this study provides a new perspective for the treatment of T2DM by demonstrating that drug and food homologous active substances could relieve inflammation via regulating intestinal flora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuewei Ye
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kefei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Langyu Xu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yingxin Cen
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiahui Ni
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junyao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenxin Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
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Ajoolabady A, Lebeaupin C, Wu NN, Kaufman RJ, Ren J. ER stress and inflammation crosstalk in obesity. Med Res Rev 2023; 43:5-30. [PMID: 35975736 DOI: 10.1002/med.21921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) governs the proper folding of polypeptides and proteins through various chaperones and enzymes residing within the ER organelle. Perturbation in the ER folding process ensues when overwhelmed protein folding exceeds the ER handling capacity, leading to the accumulation of misfolded/unfolded proteins in the ER lumen-a state being referred to as ER stress. In turn, ER stress induces a gamut of signaling cascades, termed as the "unfolded protein response" (UPR) that reinstates the ER homeostasis through a panel of gene expression modulation. This type of UPR is usually deemed "adaptive UPR." However, persistent or unresolved ER stress hyperactivates UPR response, which ultimately, triggers cell death and inflammatory pathways, termed as "maladaptive/terminal UPR." A plethora of evidence indicates that crosstalks between ER stress (maladaptive UPR) and inflammation precipitate obesity pathogenesis. In this regard, the acquisition of the mechanisms linking ER stress to inflammation in obesity might unveil potential remedies to tackle this pathological condition. Herein, we aim to elucidate key mechanisms of ER stress-induced inflammation in the context of obesity and summarize potential therapeutic strategies in the management of obesity through maneuvering ER stress and ER stress-associated inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Ajoolabady
- Department of Cardiology and Shanghai Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cynthia Lebeaupin
- Degenerative Diseases Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Ne N Wu
- Department of Cardiology and Shanghai Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Randal J Kaufman
- Degenerative Diseases Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Jun Ren
- Department of Cardiology and Shanghai Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Hu QY, Hu J, Li H, Fang X, Sun ZJ, Xu Z, Zhang L. Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of rhein loaded nanomicelles in periodontitis. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.130164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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21
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Li J, Wang C, Han X, Liu S, Gao X, Guo C, Wu X. Aramid Nanofibers-Reinforced Rhein Fibrous Hydrogels as Antibacterial and Anti-Inflammatory Burn Wound Dressings. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:45167-45177. [PMID: 36181475 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c12869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Burn injuries are one of the most devastating traumas. The development of polymer-based hydrogel dressings to prevent bacterial infection and accelerate burn wound healing is continuously desired. Mechanical strong hydrogels that encapsulated antibacterial drugs have gained increasing attention. Herein, aramid nanofibers (ANFs)-reinforced rhein fibrous hydrogels (ANFs/Rhein) were fabricated through a one-pot procedure to serve as a possible treatment for the Staphylococcus aureus-infected burn wound. ANFs preserved the highly aligned backbones and the mechanical properties of Kevlar, and its combination with an antibacterial drug rhein produced a composite hydrogel that possesses favorable physicochemical properties including appropriate mechanical strength, high water holding capacity, satisfactory antibacterial efficiency, and excellent biocompatibility. As wound dressings, ANFs/Rhein hydrogels provided a moist environment for the wound site and released antibacterial drugs continuously to improve the wound healing rate by efficiently restraining bacterial infection, reducing inflammation, enhancing collagen deposition, and promoting the formation of blood vessels, in this way to offer a potential treatment strategy for bacteria-associated burn wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyao Li
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Chunru Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Xiangsheng Han
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Xintao Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Chuanlong Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Xiaochen Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
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22
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Wang Q, Wen H, Ma S, Zhang Y. Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. Induces hepatotoxicity in SD rats and hepatocyte spheroids by Disrupting the metabolism of bilirubin and bile acid. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 296:115461. [PMID: 35728710 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The liver damage associated with Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. (P. multiflorum) and its preparations have aroused widespread concern. Opinions on the toxicity mechanisms and targets of P. multiflorum vary, and the toxic components are even more controversial. However, based on the current research results, we believed that any single component in P. multiflorum could not directly lead to liver injury, but may be the synergistic effect of multiple components. In addition, the toxicity mechanism also involved multiple targets. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to elucidate the mechanism and target of the hepatotoxicity of P. multiflorum. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, the manifestations of liver injury triggered by P. multiflorum and the associated metabolic enzymes/transporters in the metabolic pathways of bilirubin and bile acid were investigated to elucidate the mechanism and target of the hepatotoxicity of P. multiflorum and related components. First, the hepatotoxicity and potential effect of P. multiflorum on both metabolic pathways were studied in rats administered P. multiflorum extracts (in 70% ethanol) for 42 days. Then, in vitro cultured hepatocyte spheroids were used to determine the hepatotoxicity of monomer components. RESULTS This revealed that P. multiflorum could simultaneously block bilirubin(BIL) and bile acid(BA) metabolism pathways, subsequently leading to liver damage. The targets and modes of action include reducing the activity of UGT1A1, the only metabolic enzyme of BIL, downregulating BIL and BA uptake transporters NTCP, OATP1B1, OATP1B3, efflux transporters MRP2, and BSEP, and upregulating efflux transporter MRP3. Furthermore, our data indicated that 2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-glucoside (TSG) and emodin-8-O-β-D-glucoside (EG) are the main toxic components in P. multiflorum. TSG accounts for 3.71% of the total content of P. multiflorum. In addition to markedly downregulating UGT1A1, TSG can upregulate OATP1B1/3 and promote the uptakes of bilirubin and bile acid, producing synergistic toxicity. EG accounts for 0.29% of the total content and demonstrates direct hepatotoxicity and extensive substrate overlap with bilirubin and bile acids. It can affect these two metabolic pathways simultaneously, promoting the accumulation of both bilirubin and bile acid for further toxic effects. Emodin is other major component, accounting for 0.01% of the total content, and its hepatotoxicity mechanisms include direct toxicity and inhibitory effects on bilirubin metabolizing enzymes. However, emodin is mainly distributed in the kidneys, so its hepatotoxicity risk is relatively low. CONCLUSION The simultaneous blockade of bilirubin and bile acid metabolic pathways as the critical toxic mechanism of P. multiflorum-induced liver injury, and potential toxic components were TSG and EG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China; National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Hairuo Wen
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Shuangcheng Ma
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China.
| | - Yujie Zhang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
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23
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Zhu Y, Yang S, Lv L, Zhai X, Wu G, Qi X, Dong D, Tao X. Research Progress on the Positive and Negative Regulatory Effects of Rhein on the Kidney: A Review of Its Molecular Targets. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196572. [PMID: 36235108 PMCID: PMC9573519 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, both acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are considered to be the leading public health problems with gradually increasing incidence rates around the world. Rhein is a monomeric component of anthraquinone isolated from rhubarb, a traditional Chinese medicine. It has anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation, anti-apoptosis, anti-bacterial and other pharmacological activities, as well as a renal protective effects. Rhein exerts its nephroprotective effects mainly through decreasing hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic, playing anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-fibrotic effects and regulating drug-transporters. However, the latest studies show that rhein also has potential kidney toxicity in case of large dosages and long use times. The present review highlights rhein's molecular targets and its different effects on the kidney based on the available literature and clarifies that rhein regulates the function of the kidney in a positive and negative way. It will be helpful to conduct further studies on how to make full use of rhein in the kidney and to avoid kidney damage so as to make it an effective kidney protection drug.
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24
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Yu X, Xu Q, Chen W, Mai Z, Mo L, Su X, Ou J, Lan Y, Zheng H, Xue Y. Rhein inhibits Chlamydia trachomatis infection by regulating pathogen-host cell. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1002029. [PMID: 36238249 PMCID: PMC9552556 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1002029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The global incidence of genital Chlamydia trachomatis infection increased rapidly as the primary available treatment of C. trachomatis infection being the use of antibiotics. However, the development of antibiotics resistant stain and other treatment failures are often observed in patients. Consequently, novel therapeutics are urgently required. Rhein is a monomer derivative of anthraquinone compounds with an anti-infection activity. This study investigated the effects of rhein on treating C. trachomatis infection. Rhein showed significant inhibitory effects on the growth of C. trachomatis in multiple serovars of C. trachomatis, including D, E, F and L1, and in various host cells, including HeLa, McCoy and Vero. Rhein could not directly inactivate C. trachomatis but could inhibit the growth of C. trachomatis by regulating pathogen-host cell interactions. Combined with azithromycin, the inhibitory effect of rehin was synergistic both in vitro and in vivo. Together these findings suggest that rhein could be developed for the treatment of C. trachomatis infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueying Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingqing Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wentao Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Sexually Transmitted Diseases Control, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhida Mai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lijun Mo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Su
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiangli Ou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yinyuan Lan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Heping Zheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Sexually Transmitted Diseases Control, Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Heping Zheng
| | - Yaohua Xue
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Sexually Transmitted Diseases Control, Guangzhou, China,Yaohua Xue
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25
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Wang Y, Yu F, Li A, He Z, Qu C, He C, Ma X, Zhan H. The progress and prospect of natural components in rhubarb (Rheum ribes L.) in the treatment of renal fibrosis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:919967. [PMID: 36105187 PMCID: PMC9465315 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.919967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Renal fibrosis is a key pathological change that occurs in the progression of almost all chronic kidney diseases . CKD has the characteristics of high morbidity and mortality. Its prevalence is increasing each year on a global scale, which seriously affects people’s health and quality of life. Natural products have been used for new drug development and disease treatment for many years. The abundant natural products in R. ribes L. can intervene in the process of renal fibrosis in different ways and have considerable therapeutic prospects. Purpose: The etiology and pathology of renal fibrosis were analyzed, and the different ways in which the natural components of R. ribes L. can intervene and provide curative effects on the process of renal fibrosis were summarized. Methods: Electronic databases, such as PubMed, Life Science, MEDLINE, and Web of Science, were searched using the keywords ‘R. ribes L.’, ‘kidney fibrosis’, ‘emodin’ and ‘rhein’, and the various ways in which the natural ingredients protect against renal fibrosis were collected and sorted out. Results: We analyzed several factors that play a leading role in the pathogenesis of renal fibrosis, such as the mechanism of the TGF-β/Smad and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways. Additionally, we reviewed the progress of the treatment of renal fibrosis with natural components in R. ribes L. and the intervention mechanism of the crucial therapeutic targets. Conclusion: The natural components of R. ribes L. have a wide range of intervention effects on renal fibrosis targets, which provides new ideas for the development of new anti-kidney fibrosis drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Wang
- Clinical School of Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Fangwei Yu
- Clinical School of Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ao Li
- Clinical School of Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zijia He
- Clinical School of Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Caiyan Qu
- Clinical School of Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Caiying He
- Clinical School of Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Xiao Ma, ; Huakui Zhan,
| | - Huakui Zhan
- Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine-Sichuan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Xiao Ma, ; Huakui Zhan,
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26
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Trybus W, Król T, Trybus E. Rhein induces changes in the lysosomal compartment of HeLa cells. J Cell Biochem 2022; 123:1506-1524. [PMID: 35901236 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Rhein is an anthraquinone found in Rheum palmatum, used in Chinese medicine. Due to potential anticancer properties, the study assessed its effect on the lysosomal compartment, which indirectly influences cell death. The experiment was performed on HeLa cells by treating them with rhein at concentrations of 100-300 µM. LC3-II protein and caspase 3/7 activity, level of apoptosis, the concentration of reactive oxide species (ROS), and mitochondrial potential (Δψm) were evaluated by the cytometric method. To evaluate the permeability of the lysosomal membrane (LMP), staining with acridine orange and the assessment of activity of cathepsin D and L in the lysosomal and extralysosomal fractions were used. Cell viability was assessed by -(3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide) (MTT) and neutral red (NR) assays. Changes in cells were also demonstrated at the level of electron, optical, confocal, and fluorescence microscopy. Inhibition of autophagy was done using chloroquine. Rhein-induced degradation processes were confirmed by an increase in the number of primary lysosomes, autophagosomes, and autolysosomes. At high concentrations, rhein caused the generation of ROS, which induced LMP expressed by quenching of acridine orange fluorescence. These results correlated with a reduction of lysosomes, as visualized in graphical modeling, with the decreased uptake of NR by lysosomes, and increased activity of cathepsin D and L in the extralysosomal fraction. The studies also showed an increase in the activity of caspase 3/7 and a decrease in the expression of Bcl-2 protein, indicative of rhein-stimulated apoptosis. At the same time, we demonstrated that preincubation of cells with chloroquine inhibited rhein-induced autophagy and contributed to increased cytotoxicity to HeLa cells. Rhein also induced DNA damage and led to cycle arrest in the S phase. Our results indicate that rhein, by inducing changes in the lysosomal compartment, indirectly affects apoptosis of HeLa cells and in combination with autophagy inhibitors may be an effective form of anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Trybus
- Department of Medical Biology, Institute of Biology, The Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
| | - Teodora Król
- Department of Medical Biology, Institute of Biology, The Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
| | - Ewa Trybus
- Department of Medical Biology, Institute of Biology, The Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
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27
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Wanderley AG, Quintans Júnior LJ, Melo Coutinho HD, Guedes da Silva Almeida JR, De Menezes IRA. Editorial: Gastrointestinal and Liver Effects of Fruits and Their Synergism With Drug Therapy: Exploring Possible Mechanisms of Action. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:940668. [PMID: 35847026 PMCID: PMC9284250 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.940668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Almir Gonçalves Wanderley
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Environmental, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo—UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Irwin Rose Alencar De Menezes, ; Almir Gonçalves Wanderley,
| | - Lucindo José Quintans Júnior
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe—UFS, Aracaju, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Irwin Rose Alencar De Menezes, ; Almir Gonçalves Wanderley,
| | | | | | - Irwin Rose Alencar De Menezes
- Department of Chemical Biology, Regional University of Cariri—URCA, Crato, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Irwin Rose Alencar De Menezes, ; Almir Gonçalves Wanderley,
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28
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Teng YN, Kao MC, Huang SY, Wu TS, Lee TE, Kuo CY, Hung CC. Novel application of rhein and its prodrug diacerein for reversing cancer-related multidrug resistance through the dual inhibition of P-glycoprotein efflux and STAT3-mediated P-glycoprotein expression. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 150:112995. [PMID: 35658243 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a multifactorial issue in cancer treatment. Drug efflux transporters, particularly P-glycoprotein (P-gp), are major contributors to such resistance. In the present study, we evaluated the P-gp-inhibiting and MDR-reversing effects of two compounds, namely rhein, an anthraquinone, and diacerein, the acetylated prodrug of rhein. ABCB1/Flp-In-293 was used as a model for investigating the related molecular mechanisms, and the multi-drug-resistant cancer cell line KB/VIN was used as a platform for evaluating the reversal of MDR0. The results indicated that at a concentration of 2.5 μM, both diacerein and rhein significantly inhibited P-gp efflux function. They also downregulated P-gp expression by interacting with the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3. Further investigation of the inhibitory mechanism of these compounds revealed that both stimulated P-gp ATPase activity dose dependently and engaged in the noncompetitive inhibition of rhodamine 123 efflux. Furthermore, rhein was revealed to be a potent reverser of MDR in cancer, and the combination of 30 μM rhein and 1000 nM vincristine exerted a strong synergistic effect, achieving a high combination index (CI) of 0.092. Diacerein demonstrated potential applications as a selective cytotoxic agent against multi-drug-resistant cancer cells at a concentration of > 18.92 μM and as a mild MDR reverser at doses of < 10 μM. In conclusion, diacerein and rhein are potential candidates for P-gp inhibition and MDR reversal in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ning Teng
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, 8 Yida Road, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan.
| | - Ming-Chang Kao
- Department of Anesthesiology, New Taipei Municipal TuCheng Hospital (Built and Operated by Chang Gung Medical Foundation), New Taipei City, Taiwan.
| | - Shih-Ya Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, 100, Section 1, Jingmao Rd., Beitun Dist., Taichung City 406040, Taiwan.
| | - Tian-Shung Wu
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Health Care, Tajen University, Pingtung 907, Taiwan.
| | - Tsui-Er Lee
- Office of Physical Education, Asia University, 500, Lioufeng Rd., Wufeng, Taichung 41354, Taiwan.
| | - Chan-Yen Kuo
- Department of Research, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Department of Nursing, Cardinal Tien College of Healthcare and Management, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
| | - Chin-Chuan Hung
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, 100, Section 1, Jingmao Rd., Beitun Dist., Taichung City 406040, Taiwan; Department of Pharmacy, China Medical University Hospital, 2 Yude Road, Taichung 40447, Taiwan; Department of Healthcare Administration, Asia University, 500, Lioufeng Rd., Wufeng, Taichung 41354, Taiwan.
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29
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Wang M, Sun J, Yu T, Wang M, Jin L, Liang S, Luo W, Wang Y, Li G, Liang G. Diacerein protects liver against APAP-induced injury via targeting JNK and inhibiting JNK-mediated oxidative stress and apoptosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 149:112917. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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30
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Folliero V, Dell’Annunziata F, Roscetto E, Amato A, Gasparro R, Zannella C, Casolaro V, De Filippis A, Catania MR, Franci G, Galdiero M. Rhein: A Novel Antibacterial Compound Against Streptococcus mutans Infection. Microbiol Res 2022; 261:127062. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2022.127062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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31
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Wang R, Hu B, Ye C, Zhang Z, Yin M, Cao Q, Ba Y, Liu H. Stewed Rhubarb Decoction Ameliorates Adenine-Induced Chronic Renal Failure in Mice by Regulating Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:842720. [PMID: 35392552 PMCID: PMC8979777 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.842720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of Stewed Rhubarb (SR) decoction on chronic renal failure (CRF) through the regulation of gut microbiota. Using a CRF mouse model induced by a 0.2% adenine diet, we proved that SR decoction (2.0 g crude SR/kg) significantly reduced the levels of urea and creatinine in plasma of CRF mice, accompanied by the improvement of renal fibrosis and tubular atrophy, amelioration of inflammation, and inhibition of aquaporins damage. Also, SR decoction alleviated gut barrier damage, indicative of the elevated mRNA expression of intestinal mucins and tight junctions. By 16S rDNA sequencing, SR decoction reshaped the imbalanced gut microbiota in CRF mice by statistically reversing the abundance changes of a wide range of intestinal bacteria at family and genus levels, which further led to balance in the production of intestinal metabolites, including short-chain fatty acids (acetic acid, propionic acid, and valeric acid), indole, and bile acids (TUDCA and CDCA). Inversely, SR decoction failed to repress the occurrence of CRF in mice with gut microbiota depletion, confirming the essential role of gut microbiota in SR decoction-initiated protection against CRF. In summary, SR decoction can improve adenine-induced CRF in mice by remolding the structure of destructed gut microbiota community. Our findings shed light on the clinical application of SR decoction in nephropathy treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China.,Nephrology Department, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Baifei Hu
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Cheng Ye
- Technology Center of Wuhan Customs, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhigang Zhang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Mingzhu Yin
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiushi Cao
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuanming Ba
- Nephrology Department, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China.,Nephrology Department, Hubei Provincial Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Institute, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongtao Liu
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
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32
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Antibiotic Isoflavonoids, Anthraquinones, and Pterocarpanoids from Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan L.) Seeds against Multidrug-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12040279. [PMID: 35448466 PMCID: PMC9030341 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12040279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cajanus cajan L. (pigeon pea, locally known in the Philippines as kadios) seed is a functional food with health benefits that extend beyond their nutritional value. C. cajan seeds contain highly diverse secondary metabolites with enriched beneficial properties, such as antibacterial, anticancer, and antioxidant activities. However, the antibacterial activities of secondary metabolites from Philippine-grown C. cajan, against multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus have not been thoroughly described. Here, we investigated the in vitro antibacterial properties of C. cajan seed against multidrug-resistant S. aureus ATCC BAA-44 (MDRSA) and three other S. aureus strains (S. aureus ATCC 25923, S. aureus ATCC 6538, and coagulase-negative S. aureus) and, subsequently, identified the antibiotic markers against S. aureus strains using mass spectrometry. Secondary metabolites from C. cajan seeds were extracted using acetone, methanol, or 95% ethanol. Antibacterial screening revealed antibiotic activity for the C. cajan acetone extract. Bioassay-guided purification of the C. cajan acetone extract afforded three semi-pure high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fractions exhibiting 32–64 µg/mL minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against MDRSA. Chemical profiling of these fractions using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LCMS) identified six compounds that are antibacterial against MDRSA. High-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), MS/MS, and dereplication using Global Natural Products Social Molecular Networking (GNPS)™, and National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Library identified the metabolites as rhein, formononetin, laccaic acid D, crotafuran E, ayamenin A, and biochanin A. These isoflavonoids, anthraquinones, and pterocarpanoids from C. cajan seeds are potential bioactive compounds against S. aureus, including the multidrug-resistant strains.
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33
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Jiang H, Tang W, Song Y, Jin W, Du Q. Induction of Apoptosis by Metabolites of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma (Da Huang): A Review of the Potential Mechanism in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:806175. [PMID: 35308206 PMCID: PMC8924367 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.806175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is a global disease with a high mortality rate and limited treatment options. Alternations in apoptosis of tumor cells and immune cells have become an important method for detailing the underlying mechanisms of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Bcl-2 family, Caspase family, Fas and other apoptosis-related proteins have also become antagonistic targets of HCC. Da Huang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, RR), a traditional Chinese herb, has recently demonstrated antitumor behaviors. Multiple active metabolites of RR, including emodin, rhein, physcion, aloe-emodin, gallic acid, and resveratrol, can successfully induce apoptosis and inhibit HCC. However, the underlying mechanisms of these metabolites inhibiting the occurrence and development of HCC by inducing apoptosis is complicated owing to the multi-target and multi-pathway characteristics of traditional Chinese herbs. Accordingly, this article reviews the pathways of apoptosis, the relationship between HCC and apoptosis, the role and mechanism of apoptosis induced by mitochondrial endoplasmic reticulum pathway and death receptor pathway in HCC and the mechanism of six RR metabolites inhibiting HCC by inducing apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanyu Jiang
- Department of Geriatrics, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Wuyinuo Tang
- Department of Geriatrics, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Song
- Emergency Department, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Jin
- Emergency Department, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Quanyu Du
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Shanak S, Bassalat N, Barghash A, Kadan S, Ardah M, Zaid H. Drug Discovery of Plausible Lead Natural Compounds That Target the Insulin Signaling Pathway: Bioinformatics Approaches. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2022; 2022:2832889. [PMID: 35356248 PMCID: PMC8958086 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2832889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The growing smooth talk in the field of natural compounds is due to the ancient and current interest in herbal medicine and their potentially positive effects on health. Dozens of antidiabetic natural compounds were reported and tested in vivo, in silico, and in vitro. The role of these natural compounds, their actions on the insulin signaling pathway, and the stimulation of the glucose transporter-4 (GLUT4) insulin-responsive translocation to the plasma membrane (PM) are all crucial in the treatment of diabetes and insulin resistance. In this review, we collected and summarized a group of available in vivo and in vitro studies which targeted isolated phytochemicals with possible antidiabetic activity. Moreover, the in silico docking of natural compounds with some of the insulin signaling cascade key proteins is also summarized based on the current literature. In this review, hundreds of recent studies on pure natural compounds that alleviate type II diabetes mellitus (type II DM) were revised. We focused on natural compounds that could potentially regulate blood glucose and stimulate GLUT4 translocation through the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) pathway. On attempt to point out potential new natural antidiabetic compounds, this review also focuses on natural ingredients that were shown to interact with proteins in the insulin signaling pathway in silico, regardless of their in vitro/in vivo antidiabetic activity. We invite interested researchers to test these compounds as potential novel type II DM drugs and explore their therapeutic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siba Shanak
- Faculty of Sciences, Arab American University, P.O Box 240, Jenin, State of Palestine
| | - Najlaa Bassalat
- Faculty of Sciences, Arab American University, P.O Box 240, Jenin, State of Palestine
- Faculty of Medicine, Arab American University, P.O Box 240, Jenin, State of Palestine
| | - Ahmad Barghash
- Computer Science Department, German Jordanian University, Madaba Street. P.O. Box 35247, Amman 11180, Jordan
| | - Sleman Kadan
- Qasemi Research Center, Al-Qasemi Academic College, P.O Box 124, Baqa El-Gharbia 30100, Israel
| | - Mahmoud Ardah
- Faculty of Sciences, Arab American University, P.O Box 240, Jenin, State of Palestine
| | - Hilal Zaid
- Faculty of Medicine, Arab American University, P.O Box 240, Jenin, State of Palestine
- Qasemi Research Center, Al-Qasemi Academic College, P.O Box 124, Baqa El-Gharbia 30100, Israel
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Rhein Inhibits the Progression of Chemoresistant Lung Cancer Cell Lines via the Stat3/Snail/MMP2/MMP9 Pathway. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:7184871. [PMID: 35178453 PMCID: PMC8846980 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7184871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Chemotherapy is a common drug for lung cancer. Nevertheless, the development of drug resistance greatly limits their clinical efficacy. Therefore, to reduce drug resistance, we need to constantly explore new treatments. This study is aimed at determining the role of rhein in the proliferation and metastasis of lung cancer cell. Our study found that rhein significantly inhibits the proliferation and migration of lung cancer cells. Additionally, the mRNA expression and protein levels of Snail, MMP2, and MMP9 are decreasing in lung cancer cells treated by rhein. Our results showed that rhein plays a vital role in proliferation and metastasis of chemosensitive and chemoresistant lung cancer cells, and the mechanism may be related to the Stat3/Snail/MMP2/MMP9 pathway.
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Rajput A, De A, Mondal A, Das K, Maity B, Husain SM. A biocatalytic approach towards the preparation of natural deoxyanthraquinones and their impact on cellular viability. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj05513e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Natural deoxyanthraquinones synthesized using a chemoenzymatic approach and tested for cell viability shows less toxicity compared to the respective anthraquiones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshul Rajput
- Centre of Biomedical Research, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences Campus, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226014, India
| | - Arijit De
- Centre of Biomedical Research, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences Campus, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226014, India
| | - Amit Mondal
- Centre of Biomedical Research, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences Campus, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226014, India
| | - Kiran Das
- Centre of Biomedical Research, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences Campus, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226014, India
| | - Biswanath Maity
- Centre of Biomedical Research, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences Campus, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226014, India
| | - Syed Masood Husain
- Centre of Biomedical Research, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences Campus, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226014, India
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Ebada HM, Nasra MM, Nassra RA, Solaiman AA, Abdallah OY. Cationic nanocarrier of rhein based on hydrophobic ion pairing approach as intra-articular targeted regenerative therapy for osteoarthritis. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 211:112285. [PMID: 34942464 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.112285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cartilage deterioration is the hallmark of osteoarthritis (OA). Rapid clearance of intra-articularly injected drugs and inherent cartilage barrier properties represent enormous challenges facing the effective local OA therapy. Rhein (RH), a dihydroxy-anthraquinone acid molecule, possess a potential chondroprotective effect. However, RH suffers from poor oral bioavailability besides its gastrointestinal side effects. Herein, for the first time, we exploited cationic carriers to target anionic cartilage matrix to create a RH-reservoir within the cartilage matrix, improving RH therapeutic efficacy with reduced side effects. Firstly, we improved RH lipophilic characteristics employing hydrophobic ion pairing (HIP) to be efficiently loaded within lipid nanoparticles with slow-release properties. RH-HIP integrated solid lipid nanoparticles (RH-SLNs) rapidly penetrated through cartilage tissue and lasted for 3 weeks into healthy and arthritic rat joints. Furthermore, RH-SLNs significantly inhibited inflammatory response, oxidative stress and cartilage deterioration in MIA-arthritic rats. In conclusion, intra-articular cationic RH-SLNs represented a meaningful step towards OA therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba Mk Ebada
- Central Lab, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt.
| | - Maha Ma Nasra
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Rasha A Nassra
- Department of Medical Biochemistery, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Amany A Solaiman
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Ossama Y Abdallah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
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Barakat N, Barakat LA, Zakaria MM, Khirallah SM. Diacerein ameliorates kidney injury induced by cisplatin in rats by activation of Nrf2/Ho-1 pathway and Bax down-regulation. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:7219-7226. [PMID: 34867025 PMCID: PMC8626266 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin is an antineoplastic medicine used for solid tumor treatment. The main side effect that limits its dose is nephrotoxicity. Diacerein has been used for the treatment of joint diseases like osteoarthritis. It also has exhibited analgesic effects and antipyretic activities in animal models so this study targets to indicate the diacerein effect on nephrotoxicity induced by cisplatin in rats. Rats were distributed into four groups: normal healthy control; diacerein, which received diacerein daily by gastric gavage (50 mg/kg/day); cisplatin, which received only one intraperitoneal injection of cisplatin (6 mg/kg) and cisplatin and diacerein, which received diacerein daily after the cisplatin injection till 7th and 12th days, respectively. Diacerein treatment decreased kidney function markers so the cisplatin effect was reversed. Also, diacerein increased the renal antioxidants and decreased oxidative stress. Diacerein up-regulated Ho-1 (heme oxygenase 1), Nrf2 (Nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) genes expression, while down-regulated Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) gene expression. Furthermore, the renal transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1) decreased by the diacerein effect. Consequently, diacerein has a curative effect against cisplatin due to its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiapoptotic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nashwa Barakat
- Urology and Nephrology Center, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Lamiaa A.A. Barakat
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Port Said University, Port Said, Egypt
| | | | - Salma M. Khirallah
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Port Said University, Port Said, Egypt
- Corresponding author.
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Zarei M, Sahebi Vaighan N, Ziai SA. Purinergic receptor ligands: the cytokine storm attenuators, potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of COVID-19. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2021; 43:633-643. [PMID: 34647511 PMCID: PMC8544669 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2021.1988102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19), at first, was reported in Wuhan, China, and then rapidly became pandemic throughout the world. Cytokine storm syndrome (CSS) in COVID-19 patients is associated with high levels of cytokines and chemokines that cause multiple organ failure, systemic inflammation, and hemodynamic instabilities. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), a common complication of COVID-19, is a consequence of cytokine storm. In this regard, several drugs have been being investigated to suppress this inflammatory condition. Purinergic signaling receptors comprising of P1 adenosine and P2 purinoceptors play a critical role in inflammation. Therefore, activation or inhibition of some subtypes of these kinds of receptors is most likely to be beneficial to attenuate cytokine storm. This article summarizes suggested therapeutic drugs with potential anti-inflammatory effects through purinergic receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malek Zarei
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Navideh Sahebi Vaighan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Ali Ziai
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Perry GS, Das M, Woon ECY. Inhibition of AlkB Nucleic Acid Demethylases: Promising New Epigenetic Targets. J Med Chem 2021; 64:16974-17003. [PMID: 34792334 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The AlkB family of nucleic acid demethylases is currently of intense chemical, biological, and medical interest because of its critical roles in several key cellular processes, including epigenetic gene regulation, RNA metabolism, and DNA repair. Emerging evidence suggests that dysregulation of AlkB demethylases may underlie the pathogenesis of several human diseases, particularly obesity, diabetes, and cancer. Hence there is strong interest in developing selective inhibitors for these enzymes to facilitate their mechanistic and functional studies and to validate their therapeutic potential. Herein we review the remarkable advances made over the past 20 years in AlkB demethylase inhibition research. We discuss the rational design of reported inhibitors, their mode-of-binding, selectivity, cellular activity, and therapeutic opportunities. We further discuss unexplored structural elements of the AlkB subfamilies and propose potential strategies to enable subfamily selectivity. It is hoped that this perspective will inspire novel inhibitor design and advance drug discovery research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma S Perry
- School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
| | - Mohua Das
- Lab of Precision Oncology and Cancer Evolution, Genome Institute of Singapore, 60 Biopolis Street, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - Esther C Y Woon
- School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
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Zannella C, Rinaldi L, Boccia G, Chianese A, Sasso FC, De Caro F, Franci G, Galdiero M. Regulation of m6A Methylation as a New Therapeutic Option against COVID-19. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14111135. [PMID: 34832917 PMCID: PMC8625908 DOI: 10.3390/ph14111135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid spread of SARS-CoV-2 and the resulting pandemic has led to a spasmodic search for approaches able to limit the diffusion of the disease. The epigenetic machinery has aroused considerable interest in the last decades, and much evidence has demonstrated that this type of modification could regulate the early stages of viral infection. Recently it was reported that N6-methyladenosine (m6A) influences SARS-CoV-2 replication, although its role remains to be further investigated. The knockdown of enzymes involved in the m6A pathway could represent an optimal strategy to deepen the epigenetic mechanism. In the present study, we blocked the catalytic activity of the fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO) by using the selective inhibitor rhein. We observed a strong broad-spectrum reduction of infectivity caused by various coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2. This effect could be due to the modulation of m6A levels and could allow identification of this modification as a new therapeutic target to treat SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Zannella
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (C.Z.); (A.C.); (M.G.)
| | - Luca Rinaldi
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (L.R.); (F.C.S.)
| | - Giovanni Boccia
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (G.B.); (F.D.C.)
| | - Annalisa Chianese
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (C.Z.); (A.C.); (M.G.)
| | - Ferdinando Carlo Sasso
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (L.R.); (F.C.S.)
| | - Francesco De Caro
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (G.B.); (F.D.C.)
| | - Gianluigi Franci
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (G.B.); (F.D.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Massimiliano Galdiero
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (C.Z.); (A.C.); (M.G.)
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Zhang J, Wang S, Cai H, Feng T, Liu Z, Xu Y, Li J. Hydrophobic ion-pairing assembled liposomal Rhein with efficient loading for acute pancreatitis treatment. J Microencapsul 2021; 38:559-571. [PMID: 34637365 DOI: 10.1080/02652048.2021.1993363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
AIM The present study aimed to develop liposomal Rhein by employing a hydrophobic ion-pairing technique (HIP) for improved pancreatitis therapy. METHODS F127 modified liposomal Rhein (F127-RPC-Lip) was prepared using a two-step process consisting of complexation first, followed by a film-ultrasonic dispersion step. The drug-phospholipid interaction was characterised by FT-IR and P-XRD. Particle size and morphology were investigated using DLS and TEM, respectively. Biodistribution and therapeutic efficacy of F127-RPC-Lip were evaluated in a rat model of acute pancreatitis. RESULTS F127-RPC-Lip achieved efficient drug encapsulation after complexation with lipids through non-covalent interactions and had an average hydrodynamic diameter of about 141 nm. F127-RPC-Lip demonstrated slower drug release (55.90 ± 3.60%, w/w) than Rhein solution (90.27 ± 5.11%) within 24 h. Compared with Rhein, F127-RPC-Lip exhibited prolonged systemic circulation time, superior drug distribution, and attenuated injury in the pancreas of rats post-injection. CONCLUSIONS HIP-assembled liposomes are a promising strategy for Rhein in treating pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjie Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis of Critical Diseases, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Shuaishuai Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis of Critical Diseases, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Huijie Cai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis of Critical Diseases, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Tiange Feng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis of Critical Diseases, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Zhilei Liu
- Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China.,BGI College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Yaru Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis of Critical Diseases, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Jianbo Li
- Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China.,BGI College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
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Li GM, Chen JR, Zhang HQ, Cao XY, Sun C, Peng F, Yin YP, Lin Z, Yu L, Chen Y, Tang YL, Xie XF, Peng C. Update on Pharmacological Activities, Security, and Pharmacokinetics of Rhein. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2021; 2021:4582412. [PMID: 34457021 PMCID: PMC8387172 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4582412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Rhein, belonging to anthraquinone compounds, is one of the main active components of rhubarb and Polygonum multiflorum. Rhein has a variety of pharmacological effects, such as cardiocerebral protective effect, hepatoprotective effect, nephroprotective effect, anti-inflammation effect, antitumor effect, antidiabetic effect, and others. The mechanism is interrelated and complex, referring to NF-κB, PI3K/Akt/MAPK, p53, mitochondrial-mediated signaling pathway, oxidative stress signaling pathway, and so on. However, to some extent, its clinical application is limited by its poor water solubility and low bioavailability. Even more, rhein has potential liver and kidney toxicity. Therefore, in this paper, the pharmacological effects of rhein and its mechanism, pharmacokinetics, and safety studies were reviewed, in order to provide reference for the development and application of rhein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang-Min Li
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China
| | - Jun-Ren Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China
| | - Hui-Qiong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China
| | - Chen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China
| | - Fu Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yan-Peng Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China
| | - Ziwei Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China
| | - Lei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China
| | - Yan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China
| | - Yun-Li Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China
- Guangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China
| | - Xiao-Fang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China
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Pei R, Jiang Y, Lei G, Chen J, Liu M, Liu S. Rhein Derivatives, A Promising Pivot? Mini Rev Med Chem 2021; 21:554-575. [PMID: 33167832 DOI: 10.2174/1389557520666201109120855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Rhein, an anthraquinone derivative, has been employed widely, especially for the treatment of intractable diseases like diabetic nephropathy, arthritis, and cancer in a unique action mechanism. In the last decades, considerable efforts have been made in structural modification of rhein. This paper reviewed patents on pharmacological activity and therapeutic application of rhein and its derivatives from 1978 to 2018. Particularly, an analysis of patents was made, with the top 10 most valuable patents presented, and the interpretation of the legal status of patents was given. Given the properties of superior pharmacological activity, rich resources, cheap price, low toxicity, and mature extraction process, it is believed that an in-depth investigation on rhein and its derivatives is worth trying.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Pei
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Yueping Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Guanghua Lei
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Jingjing Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Manhua Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Shao Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
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Khan MS, Mehmood B, Yousafi Q, Bibi S, Fazal S, Saleem S, Sajid MW, Ihsan A, Azhar M, Kamal MA. Molecular Docking Studies Reveal Rhein from rhubarb ( Rheum rhabarbarum) as a Putative Inhibitor of ATP-binding Cassette Super-family G member 2. Med Chem 2021; 17:273-288. [PMID: 31854281 DOI: 10.2174/1573406416666191219143232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND ATP-binding cassette Super-family G member 2 protein is an active ATPbinding cassette transporter with the potential to combat cancer stem cells. OBJECTIVE Due to the lack of potential ATP-binding cassette Super-family G member 2 inhibitors, we screened natural inhibitors, which could be a safe source to control multidrug resistance by blocking the regulation of ATP-binding cassette Super-family G member 2 protein. METHODS Three-dimensional structure of ATP-binding cassette Super-family G member 2 protein downloaded from the protein databank and chemical structures of 166 selected compounds of the training dataset were retrieved from PubChem. Drug-likeness and docking analysis was conducted to shortlist the dataset for pharmacophore generation. LigandScout 4.1.5 used for pharmacophorebased screening of Zbc library of ZINC database and Autodock Vina were utilized for molecular docking against the predicted active pocket of the target protein to evaluate the potential association of protein and ligands. The physiochemical properties of novel compounds were calculated by admetSAR respectively. RESULTS Through pharmacophore-based screening, ZINC4098704 (Rhein) was identified as a lead compound which demonstrates the least binding energy (-8.5) and the highest binding affinity with the target protein and showed optimal physiochemical profile. This compound is highly recommended for a laboratory test to confirm its activity as an ATP-binding cassette Super-family G member 2 inhibitors. CONCLUSION Our computer-based study systematically selected natural lead compounds, which could be effective in inhibiting ATP-binding cassette Super-family G member 2 and may help reverse the effect of multidrug resistance to increase the effectiveness of chemotherapy in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Saad Khan
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Sahiwal, Pakistan
| | - Bareera Mehmood
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Sahiwal, Pakistan
| | - Qudsia Yousafi
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Sahiwal, Pakistan
| | - Shabana Bibi
- Yunnan Herbal Laboratory, Institute of Herb Biotic Resources, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Sahar Fazal
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Capital University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Shahzad Saleem
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Sahiwal, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Wasim Sajid
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Sahiwal, Pakistan
| | - Awais Ihsan
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Sahiwal, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Azhar
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Sahiwal, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Amjad Kamal
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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Özenver N, Efferth T. Phytochemical inhibitors of the NLRP3 inflammasome for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. Pharmacol Res 2021; 170:105710. [PMID: 34089866 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The NLRP3 inflammasome holds a crucial role in innate immune responses. Pathogen- and danger-associated molecular patterns may initiate inflammasome activation and following inflammatory cytokine release. The inflammasome formation and its-associated activity are involved in various pathological conditions such as cardiovascular, central nervous system, metabolic, renal, inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Although the mechanism behind NLRP3-mediated disorders have not been entirely illuminated, many phytochemicals and medicinal plants have been described to prevent inflammatory disorders. In the present review, we mainly introduced phytochemicals inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome in addition to NLRP3-mediated diseases. For this purpose, we performed a systematic literature search by screening PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases. By compiling the data of phytochemical inhibitors targeting NLRP3 inflammasome activation, a complex balance between inflammasome activation or inhibition with NLRP3 as central player was pointed out in NLRP3-driven pathological conditions. Phytochemicals represent potential therapeutic leads, enabling the generation of chemical derivatives with improved pharmacological features to treat NLRP3-mediated inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadire Özenver
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, 06100 Ankara, Turkey; Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
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47
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Ai X, Dong X, Guo Y, Yang P, Hou Y, Bai J, Zhang S, Wang X. Targeting P2 receptors in purinergic signaling: a new strategy of active ingredients in traditional Chinese herbals for diseases treatment. Purinergic Signal 2021; 17:229-240. [PMID: 33751327 PMCID: PMC8155138 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-021-09774-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and its metabolites adenosine diphosphate, adenosine monophosphate, and adenosine in purinergic signaling pathway play important roles in many diseases. Activation of P2 receptors (P2R) channels and subsequent membrane depolarization can induce accumulation of extracellular ATP, and furtherly cause kinds of diseases, such as pain- and immune-related diseases, cardiac dysfunction, and tumorigenesis. Active ingredients of traditional Chinese herbals which exhibit superior pharmacological activities on diversified P2R channels have been considered as an alternative strategy of disease treatment. Experimental evidence of potential ingredients in Chinese herbs targeting P2R and their pharmacological activities were outlined in the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Ai
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Chengdu Integrated TCM & Western Medicine Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Xing Dong
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Guo
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Peng Yang
- Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Ya Hou
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinrong Bai
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Sanyin Zhang
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
- Chengdu Integrated TCM & Western Medicine Hospital, Chengdu, China.
| | - Xiaobo Wang
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
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48
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Chen Q, Luo R, Han X, Zhang J, He Y, Qi S, Pu X, Nie W, Dong L, Xu H, Liu F, Lin M, Zhong H, Fu C, Gao F. Entrapment of Macrophage-Target Nanoparticles by Yeast Microparticles for Rhein Delivery in Ulcerative Colitis Treatment. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:2754-2767. [PMID: 34019390 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c00425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we developed an advanced colitis-targeted nanoparticles (NPs)-into-yeast cell wall microparticles (YPs) drug delivery system for ulcerative colitis (UC) therapy. In brief, YPs entrap hyaluronic acid (HA), and polyethylenimine (PEI) modified rhein (RH)-loaded ovalbumin NPs (HA/PEI-RH NPs) to form HA/PEI-RH NYPs. YPs can make HA/PEI-RH NPs pass through gastric environment stably and be degraded by β-glucanase to promote drug release from HA/PEI-RH NYPs in the colon. Cellular uptake evaluation confirmed that HA/PEI-RH NPs could specifically target and enhance the uptake rate via HA ligands. In biodistribution studies, HA/PEI-RH NYPs were able to efficiently accumulate in the inflammed colon in mice. In vivo experiments revealed that the HA/PEI-RH NYPs could significantly alleviate inflammation by inhibiting the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway. Therefore, HA/PEI-RH NYPs have advantages of good gastric stability, β-glucanase-sensitive release ability, macrophage-targeted ability, and anti-UC effects. These advantages indicate YPs-entrapped multifunctional NPs are a promising oral drug delivery system for UC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Ruifeng Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiaoqin Han
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jinming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yao He
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Shanshan Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiulan Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Wenbiao Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Lingling Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Haiting Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Fang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Meisi Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611130, China.,Sichuan Provincial Acupuncture School, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Huiyun Zhong
- Sichuan Vocational College of Health and Rehabilitation, Zigong 643000, China
| | - Chaomei Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Fei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611130, China
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49
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Khurm M, Wang X, Zhang H, Hussain SN, Qaisar MN, Hayat K, Saqib F, Zhang X, Zhan G, Guo Z. The genus Cassia L.: Ethnopharmacological and phytochemical overview. Phytother Res 2021; 35:2336-2385. [PMID: 33617115 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Nature gifts medicinal plants with the untapped and boundless treasure of active chemical constituents with significant therapeutic potential that makes these plants a beneficial source in the development of phytomedicines. Genus Cassia, with approximately 500 species, is a large group of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae. Cassia species are widely distributed throughout different regions mainly tropical Asia, North America, and East Africa. In the folk medicinal history, these plants are used as laxative and purgative agents. In the Ayurveda system of medicine, they are used to cure headache and fever. Cassia plants exhibit pharmacological activities at large scales such as antimicrobial, anticancer, antiinflammatory, antioxidant, hypoglycemic, hyperglycemic, antimutagenic, and antivirals. The phytochemical investigations of genus Cassia demonstrate the presence of more than 200 chemical compounds, including piperidine alkaloids, anthracene derivatives (anthraquinones), flavonoids, pentacyclic triterpenoids, sterols, phenylpropanoids, and γ-naphthopyrones. The literature illustrated anthraquinones and flavonoids as major secondary metabolites from this genus. However, some Cassia plants, with rich contents of anthraquinones, still show toxicology properties. As Cassia plants are used extensively in the herbal system of medicine, but only senna dosage forms have achieved the status of the pharmaceutical market as standard laxative agents. In conclusion, further investigations on isolating newer biologically active constituents, unknown underlying mechanisms, toxicology profiles, and clinical studies of Cassia species are needed to be explored. This review article specifies the systematic breach existing between the current scientific knowledge and the fundamentals for the marketization of genus Cassia products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Khurm
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xingbin Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | | | | | - Khezar Hayat
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Fatima Saqib
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Guanqun Zhan
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zengjun Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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50
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Zhang H, Yi JK, Huang H, Park S, Park S, Kwon W, Kim E, Jang S, Kim SY, Choi SK, Kim SH, Liu K, Dong Z, Ryoo ZY, Kim MO. Rhein Suppresses Colorectal Cancer Cell Growth by Inhibiting the mTOR Pathway In Vitro and In Vivo. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13092176. [PMID: 33946531 PMCID: PMC8125196 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity in the world. Rhein has demonstrated therapeutic effects in various cancer models. However, its effects and underlying mechanisms of action in CRC remain poorly understood. We investigated the potential anticancer activity and underlying mechanisms of rhein in CRC in vitro and in vivo. Cell viability and anchorage-independent colony formation assays were performed to examine the antigrowth effects of rhein on CRC cells. Wound-healing and Transwell assays were conducted to assess cell migration and invasion capacity. Cell cycle and apoptosis were investigated by flow cytometry and verified by immunoblotting. A tissue microarray was used to detect mTOR expression in CRC patient tissues. Gene overexpression and knockdown were done to analyze the function of mTOR in CRC. The anticancer effect of rhein in vivo was assessed in a CRC xenograft mouse model. The results show that rhein significantly inhibited CRC cell growth by inducing S-phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Rhein inhibited CRC cell migration and invasion through the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process. mTOR was highly expressed in CRC cancer tissues and cells. Overexpression of mTOR promoted cell growth, migration, and invasion, whereas mTOR knockdown diminished these phenomena in CRC cells in vitro. In addition, rhein directly targeted mTOR and inhibited the mTOR signaling pathway in CRC cells. Rhein promoted mTOR degradation through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Intraperitoneal administration of rhein inhibited HCT116 xenograft tumor growth through the mTOR pathway. In conclusion, rhein exerts anticancer activity in vitro and in vivo by targeting mTOR and inhibiting the mTOR signaling pathway in CRC. Our results indicate that rhein is a potent anticancer agent that may be useful for the prevention and treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Zhang
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, ITRD, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Korea; (H.Z.); (H.H.); (E.K.)
| | - Jun-Koo Yi
- Gyeongbuk Livestock Research Institute, Yeongju 36052, Korea;
| | - Hai Huang
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, ITRD, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Korea; (H.Z.); (H.H.); (E.K.)
| | - Song Park
- Core Protein Resources Center, DGIST, Daegu 41566, Korea; (S.P.); (S.-K.C.)
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Science, DGIST, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Sijun Park
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative Bioresearch, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (S.P.); (S.J.); (S.-Y.K.)
| | - Wookbong Kwon
- Division of Biotechnology, DGIST, Daegu 41566, Korea;
| | - Eungyung Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, ITRD, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Korea; (H.Z.); (H.H.); (E.K.)
| | - Soyoung Jang
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative Bioresearch, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (S.P.); (S.J.); (S.-Y.K.)
| | - Si-Yong Kim
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative Bioresearch, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (S.P.); (S.J.); (S.-Y.K.)
| | - Seong-Kyoon Choi
- Core Protein Resources Center, DGIST, Daegu 41566, Korea; (S.P.); (S.-K.C.)
- Division of Biotechnology, DGIST, Daegu 41566, Korea;
| | - Sung-Hyun Kim
- Department of Bio-Medical Analysis, Korea Polytechnic College, Chungnam 34134, Korea;
| | - Kangdong Liu
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou 450008, China; (K.L.); (Z.D.)
| | - Zigang Dong
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou 450008, China; (K.L.); (Z.D.)
| | - Zae Young Ryoo
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative Bioresearch, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (S.P.); (S.J.); (S.-Y.K.)
- Correspondence: (Z.Y.R.); (M.O.K.); Tel.: +82-53-950-7361 (Z.Y.R.); +82-54-530-1234 (M.O.K.)
| | - Myoung Ok Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, ITRD, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Korea; (H.Z.); (H.H.); (E.K.)
- Correspondence: (Z.Y.R.); (M.O.K.); Tel.: +82-53-950-7361 (Z.Y.R.); +82-54-530-1234 (M.O.K.)
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