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Nielsen US, Rasmussen ER, Rosenørn MR, Schjellerup Jørkov AP, Homøe P. Recurrent Laryngeal Papillomatosis in Denmark from 1994 to 2021: A Nationwide Register Study. Laryngoscope 2024. [PMID: 39157968 DOI: 10.1002/lary.31678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study is to describe the incidence and demographics of laryngeal papillomatosis (LP) in Denmark, including sex and age distribution, recurrence rates, and HPV subtypes, using a new method of register identification. METHODS The data were extracted from the Danish Pathology Data Bank using SNOMED codes instead of the usual method using ICD codes from the Danish National Health Register. The derived pathology records were manually verified by three medical doctors. The study period was 1994-2021. Patients were categorized according to age as either juvenile-onset RRP (JoRRP) if <18 years or adult-onset RRP (AoRRP) if 18 years or older. RESULTS We identified 1819 RRP patients (JoRRP: 56; AoRRP:1763). The overall incidence per 100,000 inhabitants were 0.17 for JoRRP and 1.45 for AoRRP. The vast majority (72%) of the patients were male, but there was no significant difference in age at onset of RRP or recurrence rates between the sexes. Children below 3 years of age had the highest recurrence probability. Extracting data using SNOMED codes resulted in a positive predictive value of 99% regarding total number of biopsies and 98% regarding individuals. The incidence decreased throughout the study period. CONCLUSION Comparable incidence and recurrence rates of RRP were found between Denmark and Norway. In this study, the Danish Pathology Register was found to be a highly valuable method for identifying LP patients. The effect of the nationwide HPV vaccination program can be evaluated using this method as the vaccinated cohort is starting to grow older and reproduce. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Retrospective registry-based national cohort study, level of evidence 3 Laryngoscope, 2024.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrik Steen Nielsen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Maxillofacial Surgery, Zealand University Hospital, Koege, Denmark
| | | | - Marie R Rosenørn
- Department of Pathology, Zealand University Hospital, Koege, Denmark
| | | | - Preben Homøe
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Maxillofacial Surgery, Zealand University Hospital, Koege, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Gómez-Ganda L, Iglesias-Serrano I, Parramón-Teixidó CJ, Batlle-Masó L, Peña-Zarza JA, Díez-Izquierdo A. [Translated article] Treatment of juvenile recurrent respiratory papillomatosis in a pediatric lung transplant recipient. FARMACIA HOSPITALARIA 2024:S1130-6343(24)00070-9. [PMID: 38760191 DOI: 10.1016/j.farma.2024.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Gómez-Ganda
- Servicio de Farmacia, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Laura Batlle-Masó
- Unidad de Patología Infecciosa e Inmunodeficiencias de Pediatría, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Antonio Peña-Zarza
- Unidad de Neumología Pediátrica, Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Ana Díez-Izquierdo
- Unidad de Neumología Pediátrica, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
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3
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Gómez-Ganda L, Iglesias-Serrano I, Parramón-Teixidó CJ, Batlle-Masó L, Peña-Zarza JA, Díez-Izquierdo A. Treatment of juvenile recurrent respiratory papillomatosis in a lung transplantation recipient pediatric patient. FARMACIA HOSPITALARIA 2024:S1130-6343(24)00029-1. [PMID: 38472063 DOI: 10.1016/j.farma.2024.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Gómez-Ganda
- Servicio de Farmacia, Hospital Universitario Vall'Hebron, Barcelona, España
| | | | | | - Laura Batlle-Masó
- Unidad de Patología Infecciosa e Inmunodeficiencias de Pediatría, Hospital Universitario Vall'Hebron, Barcelona, España
| | - José Antonio Peña-Zarza
- Unidad de Neumología Pediátrica, Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, España
| | - Ana Díez-Izquierdo
- Unidad de Neumología Pediátrica, Hospital Universitario Vall'Hebron, Barcelona, España
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King RE, Bilger A, Rademacher J, Lambert PF, Thibeault SL. Preclinical Models of Laryngeal Papillomavirus Infection: A Scoping Review. Laryngoscope 2023; 133:3256-3268. [PMID: 37227124 PMCID: PMC10674042 DOI: 10.1002/lary.30762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Laryngeal human papillomavirus (HPV) infection causes recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) and accounts for up to 25% of laryngeal cancers. Lack of satisfactory preclinical models is one reason that treatments for these diseases are limited. We sought to assess the literature describing preclinical models of laryngeal papillomavirus infection. DATA SOURCES PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched from the inception of database through October 2022. REVIEW METHODS Studies searched were screened by two investigators. Eligible studies were peer-reviewed, published in English, presented original data, and described attempted models of laryngeal papillomavirus infection. Data examined included type of papillomavirus, infection model, and results including success rate, disease phenotype, and viral retention. RESULTS After screening 440 citations and 138 full-text studies, 77 studies published between 1923 and 2022 were included. Models used low-risk HPV or RRP (n = 51 studies), high-risk HPV or laryngeal cancer (n = 16), both low- and high-risk HPV (n = 1), and animal papillomaviruses (n = 9). For RRP, 2D and 3D cell culture models and xenografts retained disease phenotypes and HPV DNA in the short term. Two laryngeal cancer cell lines were consistently HPV-positive in multiple studies. Animal laryngeal infections with animal papillomaviruses resulted in disease and long-term retention of viral DNA. CONCLUSIONS Laryngeal papillomavirus infection models have been researched for 100 years and primarily involve low-risk HPV. Most models lose viral DNA after a short duration. Future work is needed to model persistent and recurrent diseases, consistent with RRP and HPV-positive laryngeal cancer. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE NA Laryngoscope, 133:3256-3268, 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renee E King
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, U.S.A
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, U.S.A
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, U.S.A
| | - Andrea Bilger
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, U.S.A
| | - Josef Rademacher
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, U.S.A
| | - Paul F Lambert
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, U.S.A
| | - Susan L Thibeault
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, U.S.A
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Israr M, Lam F, DeVoti J, Mace EM, Papayannakos C, Abramson A, Steinberg BM, Bonagura VR. PGE 2 expression by HPV6/11-induced respiratory papillomas blocks NK cell activation in patients with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2250036. [PMID: 36608264 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202250036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP), a rare chronic disease caused primarily by human papillomavirus types 6 and 11, consists of repeated growth of premalignant papillomas in the airway. RRP is characterized by multiple abnormalities in innate and adaptive immunity. Natural killer (NK) cells play important roles in immune surveillance and are part of the innate immune responses that help prevent tumor growth. We identified that papillomas lack classical class I MHC and retain nonclassical class I MHC expression. Moreover, in this study, we have identified and characterized the mechanism that blocks NK cell targeting of papilloma cells. Here, we show for the first time that the PGE2 secreted by papilloma cells directly inhibits NK cells activation/degranulation principally through the PGE2 receptor EP2, and to a lesser extent through EP4 signaling. Thus, papilloma cells have a potent mechanism to block NK cell function that likely supports papilloma cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Israr
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Fung Lam
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - James DeVoti
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Emily M Mace
- Department of Pediatrics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia Medical Center, NY, USA
| | | | - Allan Abramson
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Bettie M Steinberg
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Vincent R Bonagura
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA
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DeVoti JA, Israr M, Lam F, Papayannakos C, Frank DK, Kamdar DP, Pereira LM, Abramson A, Steinberg BM, Bonagura VR. Oropharyngeal tumor cells induce COX-2 expression in peripheral blood monocytes by secretion of IL-1α. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1011772. [DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1011772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Oropharyngeal squamous cell cancer (OPC) accounts for 3% of all cancers and greater than 1.5% of all cancer deaths in the United States, with marked treatment-associated morbidity in survivors. More than 80% of OPC is caused by HPV16. Tumors induced by HPV have been linked to impaired immune functions, with most studies focused on the local tumor microenvironment. Fewer studies have characterized the effects of these tumors on systemic responses in OPC, especially innate responses that drive subsequent adaptive responses, potentially creating feed-back loops favorable to the tumor. Here we report that elevated plasma levels of PGE2 are expressed in half of patients with OPC secondary to overexpression of COX-2 by peripheral blood monocytes, and this expression is driven by IL-1α secreted by the tumors. Monocytes from patients are much more sensitive to the stimulation than monocytes from controls, suggesting the possibility of enhanced immune-modulating feed-back loops. Furthermore, control monocytes pre-exposed to PGE2 overexpress COX-2 in response to IL-1α, simulating responses made by monocytes from some OPC patients. Disrupting the PGE2/IL-1α feed-back loop can have potential impact on targeted medical therapies.
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7
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Pai SI, Wasserman I, Ji YD, Gilman M, Hung YP, Faquin WC, Mino-Kenudson M, Muniappan A. Pulmonary manifestations of chronic HPV infection in patients with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis. THE LANCET. RESPIRATORY MEDICINE 2022; 10:997-1008. [PMID: 35863360 PMCID: PMC10634185 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-2600(22)00008-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) types 6 and 11 can infect the squamous epithelium of the respiratory tract. Up to 8·9% of patients with HPV-associated recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) have pulmonary involvement. Pulmonary manifestations of HPV infection are associated with considerable morbidity, in part because treatment options and management guidelines are lacking. Patients with pulmonary RRP have a 32-times increased lifetime risk of malignant transformation compared with the overall RRP population. We review the clinical and radiographic presentation, pathological features, and genetics of pulmonary RRP, and we provide management algorithms based on our clinical experience with this complex patient population. In patients with suspected pulmonary involvement, tissue-sparing procedures to address growing lesions might be warranted given the chronicity and multifocality of the disease over a patient's lifetime. However, malignant transformation of pulmonary lesion(s) warrants standard-of-care treatment for primary lung squamous cell carcinoma. Large cohort studies are needed to understand the clinical course of pulmonary RRP and to identify molecular markers of increased risk of malignant transformation in order to develop guidelines for optimal and standardised surveillance and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara I Pai
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Isaac Wasserman
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yisi D Ji
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matthew Gilman
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yin P Hung
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - William C Faquin
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mari Mino-Kenudson
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ashok Muniappan
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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8
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Sudarshan SR, Schlegel R, Liu X. Two conserved amino acids differentiate the biology of high-risk and low-risk HPV E5 proteins. J Med Virol 2022; 94:4565-4575. [PMID: 35509176 PMCID: PMC9283228 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The high-risk alpha human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are responsible for 99% of cervical cancers. While the biological functions of the HPV E6 and E7 oncoproteins are well-characterized, the function of E5 has remained elusive. Here, we examined gene expression changes induced by E5 proteins from high-risk HPV-16 and low-risk HPV-6b in multiple pools of primary human keratinocytes. Surprisingly, microarray analysis revealed that over 700 genes were significantly regulated by HPV-6b E5, while only 25 genes were consistently and significantly regulated by HPV-16 E5 in three biological replicates. However, we observed that more than thousand genes were altered in individual sample compared with vector. The gene expression profile induced by 16E5 in primary genital keratinocytes was very different from what has been previously published using immortalized HaCaT cells. Genes altered by HPV-16 E5 were unaffected by HPV-6b E5. Our data demonstrate that E5 proteins from the high- and low-risk HPVs have different functions in the HPV-host cell. Interestingly, conversion of two amino acids in HPV-16 E5 to the low-risk HPV-6b sequence eliminated the induction of high-risk related cellular genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sawali R. Sudarshan
- Department of PathologyCenter for Cell Reprogramming, Georgetown University Medical SchoolWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
| | - Richard Schlegel
- Department of PathologyCenter for Cell Reprogramming, Georgetown University Medical SchoolWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
| | - Xuefeng Liu
- Department of PathologyCenter for Cell Reprogramming, Georgetown University Medical SchoolWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
- Department of PathologyWexner Medical Center, The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
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Liu B, Fu C, Cao J, Mao W, Zhang S, Li Q, Zhao J, Feng S. Proliferation of bovine endometrial epithelial cells is promoted by prostaglandin E 2-PTGER2 signaling through cell cycle regulation. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2021; 174:102362. [PMID: 34740034 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2021.102362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
It is known that prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) induces proliferation of epithelia in bovine endometrial explants, however, the detailed mechanism of regulation of PGE2 in inducing bovine endometrial epithelial cell (bEEC) proliferation is unclear. In this study, we determined whether proliferation of bEECs is promoted by PGE2-prostaglandin E receptor 2 (PTGER2) signaling activation through cell cycle regulation. The results demonstrated that bEECs proliferation was induced by treatment of PGE2 and PTGER2 agonist butaprost. These processes were down-regulated by PTGER2 antagonist AH6809 and CDK inhibitors (LEE011, CDK2 Inhibitor II and Ro 3306). PGE2 and butaprost induced cyclins (A, B1, D1, D3 and E2), cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs, 1, 2, 4 and 6), and epidermal growth factor (EGF) expression were inhibited by AH6809 treatment in bEECs. Moreover, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and PTGER2 expression in bEECs were up-regulated by PGE2 and butaprost treatment. Our data demonstrate that PGE2-PTGER2 signaling activation has a direct molecular association with cell cycle regulation and cell proliferation in bEECs. Collectively, these findings will improve our understanding of the roles for PGE2-PTGER2 signaling activation in the physiological and pharmacological processes of bovine endometrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Liu
- Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 306, Zhaowuda Road, Saihan District, 010018, Hohhot, China
| | - Changqi Fu
- Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 306, Zhaowuda Road, Saihan District, 010018, Hohhot, China
| | - Jinshan Cao
- Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 306, Zhaowuda Road, Saihan District, 010018, Hohhot, China
| | - Wei Mao
- Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 306, Zhaowuda Road, Saihan District, 010018, Hohhot, China
| | - Shuangyi Zhang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 306, Zhaowuda Road, Saihan District, 010018, Hohhot, China
| | - Qianru Li
- Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 306, Zhaowuda Road, Saihan District, 010018, Hohhot, China
| | - Jiamin Zhao
- Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 306, Zhaowuda Road, Saihan District, 010018, Hohhot, China
| | - Shuang Feng
- Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 306, Zhaowuda Road, Saihan District, 010018, Hohhot, China.
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Donne AJ, Kinshuck A. Pharmacotherapy for recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP): a treatment update. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2021; 22:1901-1908. [PMID: 34080517 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2021.1935870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis is a rare human papillomavirus (HPV)-induced condition where warts grow within the airway and especially the larynx to effect voice and restrict breathing.Areas covered: A PubMed search using the following search terms was performed: respiratory papillomatosis and cidofovir, alpha-interferon, bevacizumab, PD1, and HPV vaccines. Surgery remains the mainstay of treatment. There has been a change in options available for adjuvant therapies with systemic bevacizumab and the potential benefits of prophylactic HPV vaccine. Despite efforts to identify a drug therapy to control RRP, no therapy yet remains which is predictable and effective in all. The current status of therapeutic vaccines and immunotherapy is discussed.Expert opinion: The current adjuvant therapies do offer a reasonable expectation of control but the effect for the individual is unpredictable despite the therapies being based on good science. The current therapies would allow an escalating treatment strategy to be formulated, however a single therapy is unlikely to be curative. Multi-center trials are required such that adequate numbers to show an effect are achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J Donne
- Consultant Paediatric Otolaryngologist, Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Andy Kinshuck
- Consultant in Otolaryngology/Head & Neck Surgery, Aintree University Hospital, Liverpool, UK
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11
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Ali Akbari Ghavimi S, Gehret PM, Aronson MR, Schipani R, Smith KW, Borek RC, Germiller JA, Jacobs IN, Zur KB, Gottardi R. Drug delivery to the pediatric upper airway. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 174:168-189. [PMID: 33845038 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Pediatric upper airway disorders are frequently life-threatening and require precise assessment and intervention. Targeting these pathologies remains a challenge for clinicians due to the high complexity of pediatric upper airway anatomy and numerous potential etiologies; the most common treatments include systemic delivery of high dose steroids and antibiotics or complex and invasive surgeries. Furthermore, the majority of innovative airway management technologies are only designed and tested for adults, limiting their widespread implementation in the pediatric population. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of the most recent challenges of managing common pediatric upper airway disorders, describe the limitations of current clinical treatments, and elaborate on how to circumvent those limitations via local controlled drug delivery. Furthermore, we propose future advancements in the field of drug-eluting technologies to improve pediatric upper airway management outcomes.
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Zarogoulidis P, Hatzibougias D, Tsakiridis K, Hohenforst-Schmidt W, Huang H, Bai C, Kougas N, Vagionas A, Tryfon S, Saroglou M, Freitag L, Kosmidis C, Lallas A, Matthaios D, Sardeli C. Interventional bronchoscopy for HPV 16 and 66 with the use of spraying interferon-α (2b) plus bevacizumab and anti-reflux agent. Respir Med Case Rep 2021; 33:101398. [PMID: 33850702 PMCID: PMC8039836 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmcr.2021.101398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A fifty year old male was diagnosed with bronchial HPV. He was treated with local interventional treatment argon plasma coagulation and subcutaneous injections bevacizumab. Spraying of the regions followed with a specially designed catheter with interferon-α (2b). Systematic treatment of esomeprazole was also administered. After six months the patient is disease free and on close follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Zarogoulidis
- 3rd University General Hospital, "AHEPA" University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.,Pulmonary Department, "Bioclinic" Private Clinic, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Kosmas Tsakiridis
- Thoracic Surgery Department, "Interbalkan" European Medical Center, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Wolfgang Hohenforst-Schmidt
- Sana Clinic Group Franken, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, Intensive Care, Nephrology, "Hof" Clinics, University of Erlangen, Hof, Germany
| | - Haidong Huang
- Department of Respiratory & Critical Care Medicine, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Chong Bai
- Department of Respiratory & Critical Care Medicine, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Nikos Kougas
- Rheumatology Department, "Hippokratio" University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Stavros Tryfon
- Pulmonary Department (NHS), "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Maria Saroglou
- Pulmonary Department (NHS), "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Lutz Freitag
- Department of Pulmonology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Aimilios Lallas
- First Dermatology Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Chrisanthi Sardeli
- Department of Pharmacology & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Bai K, Allen C. How Enhancing Immunity to Low-Risk HPV Could Cure Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis. Laryngoscope 2021; 131:2041-2047. [PMID: 33720393 DOI: 10.1002/lary.29153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) is currently treated with repeat surgical resection of papillomatous disease that does not address the fundamental underlying issue of chronic infection with low-risk human papillomavirus. Here, we review the biology and immunology of low-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infections. Antiviral or antiangiogenic adjuvant treatments similarly address the papillomatous disease itself but do not activate HPV immunity. It is likely that only through immune-mediated clearance of low-risk HPV infection can patients with RRP be cured. In some patients, this occurs spontaneously. In others with more aggressive disease, adjuvant immunotherapy to activate immunity may be needed. Based on current understanding of antiviral immune responses, the only rational strategy to clear HPV-infected epithelial cells is through activation of the T-lymphocyte arm of the adaptive immune response. Translation of immunotherapies that are Food and Drug Administration-approved or under clinical study for cancer, such as immune checkpoint blockade or engineered therapeutic vaccines, may provide a path toward tolerable and efficacious adjuvant immunotherapy for RRP. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: NA Laryngoscope, 131:2041-2047, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Bai
- Section on Translation Tumor Immunology, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, U.S.A
| | - Clint Allen
- Section on Translation Tumor Immunology, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, U.S.A
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Rojas-Lechuga MJ, Remacha J, González-Sánchez N, Grau JJ, Castillo P, Haag O, Vilaseca I. Juvenile recurrent respiratory papillomatosis treated with combined erlotinib and celecoxib: Initial report. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2020; 137:110194. [PMID: 32658799 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2020.110194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) is a chronic disease caused by human papillomavirus (HPV). RRP is a clinical challenge because of the high recurrence rate, poor surgery response, extension to tracheobronchial tree and because of the risk of malignancy in some cases. There is no consensus on which adjuvant therapy is better for those patients with highly recurrent course. Because papilloma cells overexpress the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), together with an increased expression of COX-2 and prostaglandin E2, the combination of erlotinib and celecoxib seems plausible, and could be proposed for patients with poor response to previous lines of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joan Remacha
- Otorhinolaryngology Department Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Juan José Grau
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain; IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paola Castillo
- Pathology Department, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain; IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oliver Haag
- Otorhinolaryngology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabel Vilaseca
- Otorhinolaryngology Department Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain; IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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15
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Israr M, DeVoti JA, Lam F, Abramson AL, Steinberg BM, Bonagura VR. Altered Monocyte and Langerhans Cell Innate Immunity in Patients With Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis (RRP). Front Immunol 2020; 11:336. [PMID: 32210959 PMCID: PMC7076114 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The micromilieu within respiratory papillomas supports persistent human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and disease recurrence in patients with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP). These patients show polarized (TH2-/Treg) adaptive immunity in papillomas and blood, enriched immature Langerhans cell (iLC) numbers, and overexpression of cyclooxygenase-2/prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in the upper airway. Blood monocyte-derived, and tissue-derived iLCs from RRP patients and controls were now studied to more fully understand innate immune dysregulation in RRP. Patients' monocytes generated fewer iLCs than controls, due to a reduced fraction of classical monocytes that generated most but not all the iLCs. Prostaglandin E2, which was elevated in RRP plasma, reduced monocyte-iLC differentiation from controls to the levels of RRP patients, but had no effect on subsequent iLC maturation. Cytokine/chemokine responses by iLCs from papillomas, foreskin, and abdominal skin differed significantly. Freshly derived tissue iLCs expressed low CCL-1 and high CCL-20 mRNAs and were unresponsive to IL-36γ stimulation. Papilloma iLCs uniquely expressed IL-36γ at baseline and expressed CCL1 when cultured overnight outside their immunosuppressive microenvironment without additional stimulation. We conclude that monocyte/iLC innate immunity is impaired in RRP, in part due to increased PGE2 exposure in vivo. The immunosuppressive papilloma microenvironment likely alters iLC responses, and vice versa, supporting TH2-like/Treg HPV-specific adaptive immunity in RRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Israr
- Barbara and Donald Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - James A DeVoti
- Barbara and Donald Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Fung Lam
- Barbara and Donald Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Allan L Abramson
- Department of Otolaryngology, Long Island Jewish Medical Center, Barbara and Donald Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, New Hyde Park, NY, United States
| | - Bettie M Steinberg
- Barbara and Donald Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States.,Department of Otolaryngology, Long Island Jewish Medical Center, Barbara and Donald Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, New Hyde Park, NY, United States
| | - Vincent R Bonagura
- Barbara and Donald Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Steven and Alexandra Cohen Children's Medical Center of New York, Barbara and Donald Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, New Hyde Park, NY, United States
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16
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Salicylate suppresses the oncogenic hyaluronan network in metastatic breast cancer cells. Matrix Biol Plus 2020; 6-7:100031. [PMID: 33543028 PMCID: PMC7852211 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbplus.2020.100031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The oncogenic role of hyaluronan in several aspects of tumor biology has been well established. Recent studies by us and others suggest that inhibition of hyaluronan synthesis could represent an emerging therapeutic approach with significant clinical relevance in controlling different breast cancer subtypes, including triple-negative breast cancer. Epidemiological and preclinical studies have revealed the therapeutic potential of aspirin (acetyl salicylate), a classical anti-inflammatory drug, in patients with cancer. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unknown. The present study demonstrates that salicylate, a break down product of aspirin in vivo, alters the organization of hyaluronan matrices by affecting the expression levels of hyaluronan synthesizing (HAS1, 2, 3) and degrading (HYAL-1, -2) enzymes, and that of hyaluronan receptor CD44. In particular, salicylate was found to potently activate AMPK, a kinase known to inhibit HAS2 activity, and caused a dose-dependent decrease of cell associated (intracellular and membrane-bound) as well as secreted hyaluronan, followed by the down-regulation of HAS2 and the induction of HYAL-2 and CD44 in metastatic breast cancer cells. These salicylate-mediated effects were associated with the redistribution of CD44 and actin cytoskeleton that resulted in a less motile cell phenotype. Interestingly, salicylate inhibited metastatic breast cancer cell proliferation and growth by inducing cell growth arrest without signs of apoptosis as evidenced by the substantial decrease of cyclin D1 protein and the absence of cleaved caspase-3, respectively. Collectively, our study offers a possible direction for the development of new matrix-based targeted treatments of metastatic breast cancer subtypes via inhibition of hyaluronan, a pro-angiogenic, pro-inflammatory and tumor promoting glycosaminoglycan.
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Zhang W, Yi L, Shen J, Zhang H, Luo P, Zhang J. Comparison of the benefits of celecoxib combined with anticancer therapy in advanced non-small cell lung cancer: A meta-analysis. J Cancer 2020; 11:1816-1827. [PMID: 32194793 PMCID: PMC7052875 DOI: 10.7150/jca.35003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Studies have reported that advanced NSCLC benefits from celecoxib combined with systematic treatment. However, the optimal combination with different treatments remains unclear. A meta-analysis was conducted to explore treatment combinations. Methods: We searched the relevant literature via PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library and PMC. The data for the overall response rate (ORR), overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and adverse effects were obtained. Subgroup analysis was performed according to the treatment pattern. Statistical analyses were carried out using Review Manager 5.3 software. Results: A total of 18 eligible studies were included, with 1178 advanced NSCLC patients. Subgroup analysis revealed that celecoxib combined with chemotherapy or tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) significantly increased the ORR, with no significant difference between the two groups. Celecoxib combined with chemotherapy improved OS-6 (OR=0.65, 95% CI 0.59-0.71, P<0.001), while OS-6 was not changed with celecoxib combined with TKIs (OR=0.53, 95% CI 0.31-0.73, P=0.82). Differences were apparent between the chemotherapy and TKIs regarding OS-6 (P=0.0392). Celecoxib combined with chemotherapy significantly prolonged OS-12 (OR=0.39, 95% CI 0.33-0.45, P<0.001). In terms of OS-12, there was no significant improvement when celecoxib was combined with radiotherapy or TKIs. Celecoxib combined with chemotherapy or TKIs significantly improved PFS-6 and PFS-12, with no obvious difference in terms of PFS between the two groups. Additionally, celecoxib combined with chemotherapy or TKI treatment increased the incidence of adverse events, with no significant differences between the two groups. Conclusions: Celecoxib combined with chemotherapy or TKIs improved the ORR, with no significant differences between the two groups. In terms of OS, celecoxib combined with chemotherapy was superior to TKIs or radiotherapy. Accordingly, celecoxib combined with chemotherapy increased hematological toxicity and cardiovascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 253 Industrial Avenue, Guangzhou, 510282, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Lilan Yi
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 253 Industrial Avenue, Guangzhou, 510282, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Shen
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 253 Industrial Avenue, Guangzhou, 510282, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongman Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 253 Industrial Avenue, Guangzhou, 510282, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Luo
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 253 Industrial Avenue, Guangzhou, 510282, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 253 Industrial Avenue, Guangzhou, 510282, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
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Prostaglandin F 2α-PTGFR signaling promotes proliferation of endometrial epithelial cells of cattle through cell cycle regulation. Anim Reprod Sci 2020; 213:106276. [PMID: 31987327 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2020.106276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
There is production of prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) and there is PGF2α receptor (PTGFR) mRNA transcript in endometrial epithelial cells of cattle. The aims of the present study were to (1) determine whether PGF2α-PTGFR signaling modulates the proliferation of endometrial epithelial cells and (2) increase knowledge of PGF2α-PTGFR signaling on the physiological and pharmacological processes in the endometrium of cattle. Amount of cellular proliferation was determined using real-time cell analysis and cell proliferation reagent WST-1 procedures. Abundance of cyclins, cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), cyclin-kinase inhibitors, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), PTGFR, epidermal growth factor (EGF) mRNA and protein abundances were evaluated using real-time RT-PCR and western blot analyses. The PGF2α-PTGFR signaling promoted the proliferation of endometrial epithelial cells by inducing changes in abundance of mRNA transcript and protein that resulted in an increase in the abundance for the cyclins (A, B1, D1, D3), CDKs (1, 2, 4, 6), and PCNA; decrease in abundance for p21; and increase in abundance for EGF, COX-1, COX-2, and PTGFR. There was a direct molecular association between PGF2α-PTGFR signaling and cell cycle regulation in endometrial epithelial cells of cattle. In addition, findings improve the understanding of PGF2α-PTGFR signaling in the physiological and pharmacological processes of the endometrium of cattle.
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19
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Ivancic R, Iqbal H, deSilva B, Pan Q, Matrka L. Immunological tolerance of low-risk HPV in recurrent respiratory papillomatosis. Clin Exp Immunol 2019; 199:131-142. [PMID: 31628850 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) is characterized by benign exophytic lesions of the respiratory tract caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV), in particular low-risk HPV6 and HPV11. Aggressiveness varies greatly among patients. Surgical excision is the current standard of care for RRP, with adjuvant therapy used when surgery cannot control disease recurrence. Numerous adjuvant therapies have been used to control RRP with some success, but none are curative. Current literature supports a polarization of the adaptive immune response to a T helper type 2 (Th2)-like or T regulatory phenotype, driven by a complex interplay between innate immunity, adaptive immunity and HPV6/11 proteins. Additionally, certain immunogenetic polymorphisms can predispose individuals to an HPV6/11-tolerant microenvironment. As a result, immunomodulatory efforts are being made to restore the host immune system to a more balanced T cell phenotype and clear viral infection. Literature has shown exciting evidence for the role of HPV vaccination with Gardasil or Gardasil-9 as both primary prevention, by decreasing incidence through childhood vaccinations, and secondary prevention, by treating active RRP disease. Multi-institution randomized clinical trials are needed to better assess their efficacy as treatment for active disease. Interestingly, a DNA vaccine has recently shown in-vitro success in generating a more robust CD8+ T cell response. Furthermore, clinical trials for programmed death 1 (PD-1) inhibitors are under investigation for RRP management. Molecular insights into RRP, in particular the interplay between RRP and the immune system, are needed to advance our understanding of this disease and may lead to the identification of immunomodulatory agents to better manage RRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ivancic
- College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, OH, USA
| | - H Iqbal
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - B deSilva
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Q Pan
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH
| | - L Matrka
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
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20
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Kumar N, Preciado D. Airway Papillomatosis: New Treatments for an Old Challenge. Front Pediatr 2019; 7:383. [PMID: 31620412 PMCID: PMC6759931 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2019.00383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) is the recurrent growth of small, benign tumors, or papillomas, in the respiratory tract, caused by human papillomavirus (HPV). Currently, there is no cure. Palliative treatments seek to prevent airway obstruction, keep underlying tissues healthy, and maintain voice quality. The most common intervention, the local surgical removal of papillomas, may be inadequate as a standalone treatment for pediatric populations that experience rapid papilloma regrowth, as repeated surgeries cause increased damage to the surrounding tissues and impose significant emotional and economic burden on families. Interferon α and Cidofovir have been shown to lengthen the time between surgical interventions and/or decrease the total number of procedures needed, although the evidence of their efficacy and safety is controversial. Novel therapies, including photodynamic therapy, indole-3-carbinol, anti-reflux medication, heat shock protein, and Mumps and HPV vaccination, may provide potential avenues for treatment, but require further research. Among all the novel therapies investigated, systemic bevacizumab seems to offer the most promising alternative to surgery. Randomized control trials to investigate its impact, especially in a pediatric population, should be conducted before implementing it as a standard form of care. This review will summarize the latest literature on medical care for aggressive RRP disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nankee Kumar
- Sheikh Zayed Center for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Diego Preciado
- Sheikh Zayed Center for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, United States.,Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, United States
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21
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Wang YX, Zhang ZY, Wang JQ, Qian XL, Cui J. HPV16 E7 increases COX-2 expression and promotes the proliferation of breast cancer. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:317-325. [PMID: 29928417 PMCID: PMC6006466 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer remains the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Human papilloma virus 16 (HPV16) may serve a function in the pathogenesis and development of breast cancer. However, the detection rate of HPV16 in breast carcinoma may vary by region. In the present study, the expression of HPV16 E7 in paraffin-embedded tissues from patients with breast cancer from North China was detected. Additionally, the molecular mechanisms underlying the function of HPV16 E7 in the proliferation of breast cancer cells were examined. The results demonstrated that the DNA of HPV16 E7 was detected in 30.5% of the samples, and that HPV16 E7 promoted the proliferation of breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, HPV16 E7-mediated proliferation of breast cancer cells was suppressed in response to treatment with cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)-specific small interfering RNA and celecoxib. The results of the present study revealed that HPV16 E7 may promote the proliferation of breast cancer cells by upregulating COX-2, suggesting that COX-2 may be a potential therapeutic target for HPV16 E7-mediated progression of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Xia Wang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P.R. China
| | - Zhe-Ying Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Qiang Wang
- Department of Pathology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Lai Qian
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P.R. China
| | - Jing Cui
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P.R. China
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Ivancic R, Iqbal H, deSilva B, Pan Q, Matrka L. Current and future management of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis. Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol 2018; 3:22-34. [PMID: 29492465 PMCID: PMC5824106 DOI: 10.1002/lio2.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) is a chronic disease of the respiratory tract that occurs in both children and adults. It is caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV), in particular low‐risk HPV6 and HPV11, and aggressiveness varies among patients. RRP remains a chronic disease that is difficult to manage. This review provides perspectives on current and future management of RRP. Results The current standard of care is surgical excision, with adjuvant therapies as needed. Surgical management of RRP has evolved with the introduction of microdebriders and photoangiolytic lasers; the latter can now be used in the office setting. Numerous adjuvant pharmacologic therapies have been utilized with some success. Also, exciting preliminary data show that HPV vaccines may prolong the time to recurrence in the RRP population. There is also optimism that wide‐spread HPV vaccination could reduce RRP incidence indirectly by preventing vertical HPV transmission to newborns. Conclusion To date, the biology of RRP is not well understood, although it has been noted to become more aggressive in the setting of immune suppression. Additional research is needed to better understand immune system dysfunction in RRP such that immunomodulatory approaches may be developed for RRP management. Level of Evidence 4
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Ivancic
- Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center Columbus Ohio U.S.A
| | - Hassan Iqbal
- Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center Columbus Ohio U.S.A
| | - Brad deSilva
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center Columbus Ohio U.S.A
| | - Quintin Pan
- Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center Columbus Ohio U.S.A.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center Columbus Ohio U.S.A
| | - Laura Matrka
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center Columbus Ohio U.S.A
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HPV16 E6 Promotes Breast Cancer Proliferation via Upregulation of COX-2 Expression. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:2948467. [PMID: 29250535 PMCID: PMC5700552 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2948467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 06/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Background. Breast cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. It has been indicated that human papillomaviruses 16 (HPV16) might participate in the pathogenesis and development of breast cancer. However, the detected rate of HPV16 varies with region. We will investigate HPV16 E6 expression in North China and explore the effects and mechanism of HPV16 E6 on breast cancer proliferation in this study. Methods. The expressions of HPV16 E6 and COX-2 in paraffin-embedded tissues of the invasive ductal breast cancer were detected by qPCR and IHC. The effects of HPV16 E6 on breast cancer proliferation were determined by function studies. The mechanism of HPV16 E6 in promoting breast cancer proliferation was explored by Western blot and Dual-Luciferase Reporter Assay. Results. HPV16 E6 was positive in 28% invasive ductal breast carcinoma in North China; HPV16 E6 promoted breast cancer proliferation. Inhibition of COX-2 by siCOX-2 or Celecoxib attenuated the proliferation of breast cancer cells with HPV16 E6 expression; and the upregulation of COX-2 could be suppressed by the inhibition of NF-κB activity. Conclusion. HPV16 E6 promotes breast cancer proliferation by activation of NF-κB signaling pathway and increase of COX-2 expression. COX-2 will be a potential target for HPV16 E6-associated breast cancer.
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Ren H, Shi X, Li Y. Reduction of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and cyclooxygenase-2 signaling by isoflurane inhibits proliferation and apoptosis evasion in human papillomavirus-infected laryngeal papillomas. Exp Ther Med 2016; 12:3425-3432. [PMID: 27882174 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Human laryngeal papilloma (LP) is a human papillomavirus-induced hyperplastic tumor of the respiratory tract, which is characterized by rapid growth and apoptosis resistance. Isoflurane (ISO) inhibits proliferation and elicits apoptosis in cancer cells. The results of the present study found that the mRNA and protein levels of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) were higher in LP tissues than in normal laryngeal samples, and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production was increased in LP cells, as determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blot and radioimmunoassay analyses. Notably, the increase in COX2 and PGE2 levels was significantly abrogated in the ISO-treated LP cells. The inhibitory effects of ISO on COX2 expression and activity depended on the inactivation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in LP cells. By inhibiting the COX2 activity of LP cells, ISO treatment markedly suppressed cell viability and proliferation, as determined using Cell Counting Kit-8, flow cytometry and 5-ethynyl-20-deoxyuridine incorporation assays. Furthermore, ISO treatment promoted cell apoptosis, as demonstrated by flow cytometry, nucleosomal fragmentation and caspase-3 activity assays. Collectively, the present results suggest that COX2 is critical in the progression of LP, and ISO is a potential agent for LP therapy by impeding p38 MAPK/COX2 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Ren
- Department of Otolaryngology, Children's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojuan Shi
- Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, Henan 450012, P.R. China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, Children's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, P.R. China
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25
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Adjuvant and Novel Treatment of Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis. CURRENT OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY REPORTS 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s40136-016-0111-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Zhou C, Sun B, Wang F, Dai Z, Han Z, Han J, Chen M, Shen Y. Coblation plus photodynamic therapy (PDT) for the treatment of juvenile onset laryngeal papillomatosis: case reports. World J Surg Oncol 2014; 12:275. [PMID: 25175485 PMCID: PMC4167150 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7819-12-275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In treating juvenile-onset laryngeal papillomatosis, the most difficult aspect is preventing recurrence. After a single treatment, recurrence can begin after as soon as 20 days and the recurrent rate can be higher than 90%. The causes of recurrence include the presence of mucosal cells infected with papilloma virus, which are undetectable with the naked eyes, and surgery-induced infection. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) could effectively solve this problem. Virus-infected cells have a very high metabolic energy for capturing and internalizing the photosensitizer, which, after light stimulation, subsequently induces active oxygen species inside the nucleus, which kill infected cells. The second generation of photosensitizer agents (PA) are locally applied to avoid the intravenous systemic damage caused by first-generation PAs, and this method is widely used for the treatment of genital warts to very good effect. METHODS We used the photodynamic method to treat laryngeal papillomatosis in children and obtained significant efficacy. We followed three juvenile subjects with recurrent laryngeal papillomatosis through a course of treatment (each course includes three PDT sessions), with a follow-up after 6 months. RESULTS The characteristic procedures involve exposing the larynx with a laryngoscope and using low-temperature plasma technology to visualize the tumor resection, as the effects of plasma technology can reduce postoperative laryngeal edema and reduce intraoperative metastasis. PDT was performed during the first surgery, 20 days after and 30 days after surgery. At the 6-month follow-ups, there was no recurrence. CONCLUSION This was the world's first successful reported case of the use of PDT treatment for juvenile laryngeal papillomatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyong Zhou
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of PLA General Hospital, No,51, HaiDian Distric Fu Cheng Road, Beijing 100048, China.
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Xu L, Stevens J, Hilton MB, Seaman S, Conrads TP, Veenstra TD, Logsdon D, Morris H, Swing DA, Patel NL, Kalen J, Haines DC, Zudaire E, St Croix B. COX-2 inhibition potentiates antiangiogenic cancer therapy and prevents metastasis in preclinical models. Sci Transl Med 2014; 6:242ra84. [PMID: 24964992 PMCID: PMC6309995 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3008455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Antiangiogenic agents that block vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling are important components of current cancer treatment modalities but are limited by alternative ill-defined angiogenesis mechanisms that allow persistent tumor vascularization in the face of continued VEGF pathway blockade. We identified prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) as a soluble tumor-derived angiogenic factor associated with VEGF-independent angiogenesis. PGE2 production in preclinical breast and colon cancer models was tightly controlled by cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression, and COX-2 inhibition augmented VEGF pathway blockade to suppress angiogenesis and tumor growth, prevent metastasis, and increase overall survival. These results demonstrate the importance of the COX-2/PGE2 pathway in mediating resistance to VEGF pathway blockade and could aid in the rapid development of more efficacious anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Xu
- Tumor Angiogenesis Section, Mouse Cancer Genetics Program (MCGP), National Cancer Institute (NCI) at Frederick, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Janine Stevens
- Tumor Angiogenesis Section, Mouse Cancer Genetics Program (MCGP), National Cancer Institute (NCI) at Frederick, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Mary Beth Hilton
- Tumor Angiogenesis Section, Mouse Cancer Genetics Program (MCGP), National Cancer Institute (NCI) at Frederick, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA. Basic Research Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Steven Seaman
- Tumor Angiogenesis Section, Mouse Cancer Genetics Program (MCGP), National Cancer Institute (NCI) at Frederick, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Thomas P Conrads
- Laboratory of Proteomics and Analytical Technologies, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Timothy D Veenstra
- Laboratory of Proteomics and Analytical Technologies, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Daniel Logsdon
- Basic Research Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Holly Morris
- Transgenic Core Facility, MCGP, NCI, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Deborah A Swing
- Transgenic Core Facility, MCGP, NCI, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Nimit L Patel
- Small Animal Imaging Program/LASP, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Joseph Kalen
- Small Animal Imaging Program/LASP, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Diana C Haines
- Pathology/Histotechnology Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Enrique Zudaire
- Tumor Angiogenesis Section, Mouse Cancer Genetics Program (MCGP), National Cancer Institute (NCI) at Frederick, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Brad St Croix
- Tumor Angiogenesis Section, Mouse Cancer Genetics Program (MCGP), National Cancer Institute (NCI) at Frederick, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
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Suh JD, Palma-Diaz F, Bhuta S, Wang MB. COX-(2) overexpression in sinonasal inverted papilloma. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2013; 3:997-1000. [PMID: 24106179 DOI: 10.1002/alr.21218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Revised: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inverted papilloma (IP) is a benign, but locally aggressive neoplasm of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. The mainstay of treatment of IP is surgical resection, but high rates of tumor recurrence have been reported. Cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) has been found to be overexpressed in many tumors and has been used successfully as a therapeutic target. The goal of this study is to highlight COX-2 expression in IP. METHODS Immunohistochemistry for COX-2 was performed on IP samples obtained during surgical resection between January 2012 and June 2013. The intensity of staining was evaluated by 2 head and neck pathologists blinded to the clinical features and outcomes. A positive stain was defined as having 10% or more of tumor cells exhibiting immunoreactivity. RESULTS The study includes 13 tumor samples from 7 females and 6 males. Mean age was 54.5 (range, 18-81) years. Tumor locations included: nasal septum (1), ethmoid (3), sphenoid (4), and maxillary (5) sinuses. No tumors demonstrated malignancy or dysplasia. Five (38%) of the 13 IP samples stained strongly positive for COX-2, and 3 of 13 (23%) stained weakly positive. There were no clinical differences in patients that stained strongly or weakly for COX-2. CONCLUSION COX-2 overexpression was identified in 62% of cases of IP in this study, and strongly positive in 38% of cases. Larger studies are necessary to identify the true incidence of COX-2 expression for this tumor. Pharmaceuticals targeting COX-2 may eventually provide an additional therapeutic option for select cases of recurrent or unresectable IP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey D Suh
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
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Batra RK, Hoo GWS. Reprogrammed cells for respiratory papillomatosis. N Engl J Med 2012; 367:2553-4; author reply 2554. [PMID: 23268676 DOI: 10.1056/nejmc1212926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Lucs AV, Wu R, Mullooly V, Abramson AL, Steinberg BM. Constitutive overexpression of the oncogene Rac1 in the airway of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis patients is a targetable host-susceptibility factor. Mol Med 2012; 18:244-9. [PMID: 22113496 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2011.00447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2011] [Accepted: 11/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) is caused by human papillomaviruses (HPVs), primarily types 6 and 11. The disease is characterized by multiple recurrences of airway papillomas, resulting in high levels of morbidity and significant mortality. The prevalence of latent HPV in the larynx of the general population is much greater than the prevalence of RRP, suggesting a host-susceptibility factor for disease. We report that the oncogene Rac1 and its downstream product cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) are both constitutively expressed at high levels throughout the airway of these patients, independent of active HPV infection. Use of the COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib in primary papilloma cell culture resulted in the downregulation of HPV transcription. Furthermore, a proof-of-principle study treating three patients with severe RRP with celecoxib resulted in remission of disease in all cases. Therefore, we have identified the first pharmacologically targetable host-susceptibility pathway that contributes to RRP recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra V Lucs
- Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore-Long Island Jewish-LIJ Health System, Manhasset, New York, United States of America
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Venuti A, Paolini F, Nasir L, Corteggio A, Roperto S, Campo MS, Borzacchiello G. Papillomavirus E5: the smallest oncoprotein with many functions. Mol Cancer 2011; 10:140. [PMID: 22078316 PMCID: PMC3248866 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-10-140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2011] [Accepted: 11/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Papillomaviruses (PVs) are established agents of human and animal cancers. They infect cutaneous and mucous epithelia. High Risk (HR) Human PVs (HPVs) are consistently associated with cancer of the uterine cervix, but are also involved in the etiopathogenesis of other cancer types. The early oncoproteins of PVs: E5, E6 and E7 are known to contribute to tumour progression. While the oncogenic activities of E6 and E7 are well characterised, the role of E5 is still rather nebulous. The widespread causal association of PVs with cancer makes their study worthwhile not only in humans but also in animal model systems. The Bovine PV (BPV) system has been the most useful animal model in understanding the oncogenic potential of PVs due to the pivotal role of its E5 oncoprotein in cell transformation. This review will highlight the differences between HPV-16 E5 (16E5) and E5 from other PVs, primarily from BPV. It will discuss the targeting of E5 as a possible therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldo Venuti
- Department of Pathology and Animal Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Shirode AB, Sylvester PW. Mechanisms Mediating the Synergistic Anticancer Effects of Combined γ-Tocotrienol and Celecoxib Treatment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 3:1-7. [PMID: 22140606 DOI: 10.4172/1948-593x.1000036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
AIM: To characterize the intracellular signaling mechanisms mediating the synergistic anticancer effects of combined γ-tocotrienol and celecoxib treatment in neoplastic +SA mouse mammary epithelial cells in vitro. METHODS: +SA mammary tumor cells in different treatment groups were maintained in serum-free defined media containing 10ng/ml EGF as a mitogen and exposed to various doses of γ-tocotrienol and celecoxib alone or in combination. After a 96 hr culture period, cells were collected and whole cell lysates were subjected to Western blot analysis to determine treatment effects on intracellular signaling proteins associated with EGF-dependent mitogenesis and survival, and prostaglandin synthesis and responsiveness. RESULTS: Treatment with high doses of γ-tocotrienol or celecoxib alone inhibited Akt activation and downstream signaling and NFκB activation. Similar treatment with γ-tocotrienol also decreased concentration and activation of ErbB2-4 receptors, whereas celecoxib only inhibited ErbB2-4 receptor activation. In contrast, combined treatment with subeffective doses of γ-tocotrienol and celecoxib resulted in a large decrease ErbB2-4 receptor levels and activation, a decrease in PGE(2) levels, and a corresponding increase in prostaglandin EP2 and EP4 receptor levels. Combined treatment also induced an increase in the prostaglandin catabolizing enzyme, PGDH. CONCLUSION: The synergistic anticancer effects of combined low dose γ-tocotrienol and celecoxib treatment in +SA mammary tumor cells are mediated by COX-2-dependent mechanisms associated with a suppression in PGE(2) levels, as well as, COX-2-independent mechanisms associated with a reduction in ErbB2-4 receptor levels, activation, and subsequent reduction in downstream Akt and NFκB mitogenic signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit B Shirode
- College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, 700 University Ave., Monroe, LA 71209
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Wu R, Abramson AL, Symons MH, Steinberg BM. Pak1 and Pak2 are activated in recurrent respiratory papillomas, contributing to one pathway of Rac1-mediated COX-2 expression. Int J Cancer 2010; 127:2230-7. [PMID: 20131316 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.25226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Recurrent respiratory papillomas are premalignant tumors of the airway caused by human papillomaviruses (HPVs), primarily Types 6 and 11. We had reported that respiratory papillomas overexpress the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), the small GTPase Rac1 and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and have enhanced nuclear factor-kappaB (NFkappaB) activation with decreased levels of IkappaB-beta but not IkappaB-alpha. We also showed that EGFR-activated Rac1 mediates expression of COX-2 through activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. We have now asked whether the p21-activated kinases Pak1 or Pak2 mediate activation of p38 by Rac1 in papilloma cells. Pak1 and Pak2 were constitutively activated in vivo in papilloma tissue compared with normal epithelium, and Rac1 siRNA reduced the level of both phospho-Pak1 and phospho-Pak2 in cultured papilloma cells. Reduction in Pak1 and Pak2 with siRNA decreased the COX-2 expression in papilloma cells, increased the levels of IkappaB-beta and reduced the nuclear localization of NF-kappaB, but had no effect on p38 phosphorylation. Our studies suggest that Rac1 --> Pak1/Pak2 --> NFkappaB is a separate pathway that contributes to the expression of COX-2 in HPV-induced papillomas, independently of the previously described Rac1 --> p38 --> COX-2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Wu
- Center for Oncology and Cell Biology, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health System, Manhasset, NY, USA
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The HPV-16 E5 protein represses expression of stress pathway genes XBP-1 and COX-2 in genital keratinocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2010; 399:617-22. [PMID: 20688044 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.07.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2010] [Accepted: 07/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The HPV-16 E5 protein resides in membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and modulates cell growth and viral replication. In order to help define its biological activities, we analyzed E5-induced changes in human keratinocyte gene expression. Our studies identified the downregulation of spliced XBP-1 transcripts, a key player in the ER stress response, as a biochemical marker of E5 expression. IRE1alpha, the endoribonuclease responsible for XBP-1 RNA splicing, was also downregulated. Furthermore, cDNA microarray analysis revealed the repression of COX-2, another member of the ER stress pathway. In contrast, these genes were not altered either by the low-risk HPV-6b E5, or a C-terminal HPV-16 E5 mutant, in which the histidine and alanine residues (conserved in high-risk HPVs) were replaced with tyrosine and isoleucine (conserved in low-risk HPVs). HPV-16 E5 was also able to lower COX-2 mRNA levels in cells co-expressing E6/E7, suggesting that it might exert similar activity during viral replication. Interestingly, the E6/E7 genes were independently able to lower COX-2 transcripts compared to vector cells, indicating that multiple pathways of COX-2 repression exist. COX-2 downregulation by E5 could be overcome by thapsigargin or tunicamycin treatments, which initiate ER stress via calcium fluxes and abnormal protein glycosylation respectively, making it unlikely that E5 specifically tempers these pathways. Overall, our data indicate that E5 represses the cellular ER stress response and suggest a potential role for E5 during productive HPV infection.
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Durzyńska J, Błażejewska P, Szydłowski J, Goździcka-Józefiak A. Detection of Anti-HPV11-L1 Antibodies in Immune Sera from Patients Suffering from Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis Using ELISA. Viral Immunol 2010; 23:415-23. [DOI: 10.1089/vim.2010.0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Durzyńska
- Department of Molecular Virology, Faculty of Biology, University of A. Mickiewicz, Poznan, Poznan
| | - Paulina Błażejewska
- Department of Infection Genetics, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jarosław Szydłowski
- Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Institute of Pediatrics, University of Medical Sciences, Poland
| | - Anna Goździcka-Józefiak
- Department of Molecular Virology, Faculty of Biology, University of A. Mickiewicz, Poznan, Poznan
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Abstract
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs), members of a very large family of small DNA viruses, cause both benign papillomas and malignant tumors. While most research on these viruses over the past 30 years has focused on their oncogenic properties in the genital tract, they also play an important role in diseases of the upper aerodigestive tract. Rapidly accelerating advances in knowledge have increased our understanding of the biology of these viruses and this knowledge, in turn, is being applied to new approaches to prevent, diagnose, and treat HPV-induced diseases. In this introductory article, we provide an overview of the structure and life cycle of the mucosal HPVs and their interactions with their target tissues and cells. Finally, we provide our thoughts about treatments for HPV-induced diseases, present and future.
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Xue Q, Wang H, Wang J. Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis: an overview. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2010; 29:1051-4. [DOI: 10.1007/s10096-010-0963-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2010] [Accepted: 05/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Husvik C, Bryne M, Halstensen TS. Epidermal growth factor-induced cyclooxygenase-2 expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma cell lines is mediated through extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and p38 but is Src and nuclear factor-kappa B independent. Eur J Oral Sci 2009; 117:528-35. [PMID: 19758248 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0722.2009.00669.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The intracellular signalling cascade(s) mediating epidermal growth factor (EGF)-induced cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression is poorly defined in oral carcinomas. Investigation of two different oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cell lines with high EGF-induced COX-2 expression revealed, however, that this expression was dependent on two mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways [extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and p38] because combined inhibition of these pathways was needed to abolish EGF-induced COX-2 expression. Surprisingly, inhibition of phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K) increased EGF-induced COX-2 expression in the basaloid OSCC cell line (C12), suggesting a PI3K-controlled, inhibitory COX-2-regulating pathway. Neither the transcription factor nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), nor Src, was involved in EGF-induced COX-2 expression. The results suggest that EGF-induced COX-2 expression is regulated by several pathways, and emphasizes that individual tumors use different strategies for intracellular signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Husvik
- Laboratory for mucosal immunology (LMI), Department of Oral Biology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Khafif A, Lev-Ari S, Vexler A, Barnea I, Starr A, Karaush V, Haif S, Ben-Yosef R. Curcumin: a potential radio-enhancer in head and neck cancer. Laryngoscope 2009; 119:2019-26. [PMID: 19655336 DOI: 10.1002/lary.20582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS To investigate whether curcumin enhances the cytotoxic effect of radiotherapy in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). METHODS HNSCC cell lines SCC-1, SCC-9, KB, as well as A431 cell line were treated with curcumin, irradiation, or their combination. Cell viability was evaluated by XTT assay. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR), and p-Erk1/2 were measured by Western blot analysis. CD-1 athymic nude mice with orthotopic implanted SCC-1 cells, were treated with control diet, curcumin containing diet, local single-dose radiation, or combination. RESULTS Curcumin (IC50 range, 15-22 microM) and radiation inhibited cell viability in all cell lines were tested. The combination of curcumin and radiation resulted in additive effect. Curcumin decreased COX-2 expression and inhibited phosphorylation of EGFR in SCC-1 cells. In tumor-bearing mice the combination regimen showed a decrease in both tumor weight (25%, P = .09) and tumor size (15%, P = .23) compared to the nontreated mice. CONCLUSIONS : Curcumin inhibited HNSCC cell growth and augmented the effect of radiation in vitro and in vivo. A possible mechanism is inhibition of COX-2 expression and EGFR phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avi Khafif
- Department of Otolaryngology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center and Tel Aviv University School of Medicine, 6 Weizmann Street, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Limsukon A, Susanto I, Soo Hoo GW, Dubinett SM, Batra RK. Regression of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis with celecoxib and erlotinib combination therapy. Chest 2009; 136:924-926. [PMID: 19736197 DOI: 10.1378/chest.08-2639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) can be difficult to manage. Symptoms are related to recurrent tracheobronchial papillomas and are usually treated with bronchoscopic removal. Other modalities are added when the papilloma burden becomes too great or recurrence is too frequent, but with limited efficacy. We report a patient with progressive RRP that had become refractory to available therapy. Because papillomas overexpress epidermal growth factor receptor, along with increased expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and prostaglandin E2, it was reasoned that a combination therapy of erlotinib and celecoxib would be effective in controlling papilloma growth. After institutional approval and informed patient consent, this combination was initiated. There was a striking improvement in the number and appearance of respiratory tract papillomas, with elimination of the need for repeated papilloma removal. Pretreatment and posttreatment images document this response, and the improvement has now been maintained for nearly 2 years with effective therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atikun Limsukon
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Irawan Susanto
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Guy W Soo Hoo
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Steven M Dubinett
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Raj K Batra
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA.
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Lipskar AM, Glick RD, Huang J, Fisher JC, DeVoti J, Pica R, Edelman M, Steinberg BM, Soffer SZ. Cyclooxygenase 2 mediates the antiangiogenic effect of rapamycin in Ewing sarcoma. J Pediatr Surg 2009; 44:1139-46; discussion 1146-7. [PMID: 19524730 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2009.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2009] [Accepted: 02/17/2009] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rapamycin can inhibit tumor growth and angiogenesis in various human cancers. Cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) is involved in the angiogenic process. We hypothesized that the antiangiogenic effect of rapamycin may be mediated by suppression of COX-2. METHODS Ewing sarcoma (ES) cells were implanted in athymic mice. Selected animals were treated with rapamycin for 5 weeks. Tumor vascularity was assessed by lectin perfusion angiography and immunohistochemistry. Phosphorylation of mammalian target of rapamycin pathway proteins was determined by Western blot analysis. Staining of COX-2 protein was determined by immunohistochemistry, and expression of COX-2 messenger RNA levels was assessed with quantitative real-time (RT) polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Mean tumor weights were significantly reduced in the treated group (5.43 g +/- 1.43 SEM vs 0.49 g +/- 0.15 SEM, P < .003). There was abundant vasculature in the control group and blunted vascularity in the treated xenografts. The phosphorylation of p70s6k and Akt was not inhibited in the rapamycin-treated tumors. Cyclooxygenase 2 was suppressed in the treated xenografts at both the protein and messenger RNA levels. CONCLUSION Low-dose rapamycin inhibits tumor growth and angiogenesis in human ES without inhibiting the phosphorylation of p70s6k and Akt. Cyclooxygenase 2 levels are inhibited by low-dose treatment of ES with rapamycin. Cyclooxygenase 2 suppression may mediate the antiangiogenic effect of rapamycin in Ewing sarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron M Lipskar
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Schneider Children's Hospital, North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health System, New Hyde Park, NY 11040, USA
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Gallagher TQ, Derkay CS. Pharmacotherapy of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis: an expert opinion. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2009; 10:645-55. [PMID: 19284366 DOI: 10.1517/14656560902793530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis is caused by the human papillomavirus types (HPV) 6 and 11. It affects both children and adults. In a small number of cases, the disease can be very aggressive causing significant morbidity and possibly death. Surgical therapy is the primary treatment but in patients with aggressive disease, adjunctive therapy is initiated. The majority of these adjuncts center on immunomodulation, disruption of molecular signaling cascades or interruption of viral replication to help decrease the severity of the disease. Recently, a preventative vaccine has become available but data on its effectiveness will be at least a decade away. In the mean time, researchers are examining other vaccination strategies in the fight against HPV disease. OBJECTIVE We will review the following pharmacotherapies used in the adjunct treatment of RRP: interferon, acyclovir, ribivirin, cidofovir, COX-2 inhibitors, retinoids, anti-reflux medications, zinc, indole-3-carbinol, therapeutic/preventative vaccines. METHODS This is a review paper. Utilizing Medline and Pubmed from 1966 to present, the key words as well as the above listed adjunct treatments were searched for relevant papers. CONCLUSION The evidence supporting each of these adjuncts varies with a majority having only case reports or cases-series to support their use. However, there is hope on the horizon with regard to the HPV vaccine and its potential to prevent future transmission of this disease.
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A phase II clinical trial of celecoxib combined with platinum-based regimen as first-line chemotherapy for advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients with cyclooxygenase-2 positive expression. Chin J Cancer Res 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s11670-009-0001-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Misra S, Obeid LM, Hannun YA, Minamisawa S, Berger FG, Markwald RR, Toole BP, Ghatak S. Hyaluronan constitutively regulates activation of COX-2-mediated cell survival activity in intestinal epithelial and colon carcinoma cells. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:14335-44. [PMID: 18326857 PMCID: PMC2386915 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m703811200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2007] [Revised: 12/21/2007] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronan is a major component of the pericellular matrix surrounding tumor cells, including colon carcinomas. Elevated cycooxygenase-2 levels have been implicated in several malignant properties of colon cancer. We now show for the first time a strong link between hyaluronan-CD44 interaction and cyclooxygenase-2 in colon cancer cells. First, we have shown that increased expression of hyaluronan synthase-2 induces malignant cell properties, including increased proliferation, anchorage-independent growth, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in HIEC6 cells. Second, constitutive hyaluronan-CD44 interaction stimulates a signaling pathway involving ErbB2, phosphoinositide 3-kinase/AKT, beta-catenin, and cyclooxygenase-2/prostaglandin E(2) in HCA7 colon carcinoma cells. Third, the HA/CD44-activated ErbB2 --> phosphoinositide 3-kinase/AKT --> beta-catenin pathway stimulates cell survival/cell proliferation through COX-2 induction in hyaluronan-overexpressing HIEC6 cells and in HCA7 cells. Fourth, perturbation of hyaluronan-CD44 interaction by hyaluronan oligomers or CD44-silencing RNA decreases cyclooxygenase-2 expression and enzyme activity, and inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 decreases hyaluronan production suggesting the possibility of an amplifying positive feedback loop between hyaluronan and cyclooxygenase-2. We conclude that hyaluronan is an important endogenous regulator of colon cancer cell survival properties and that cyclooxygenase-2 is a major mediator of these hyaluronan-induced effects. Defining hyaluronan-dependent cyclooxygenase-2/prostaglandin E(2)-associated signaling pathways will provide a platform for developing novel therapeutic approaches for colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suniti Misra
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
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Bergmann C, Strauss L, Zeidler R, Lang S, Whiteside TL. Expansion of human T regulatory type 1 cells in the microenvironment of cyclooxygenase 2 overexpressing head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Res 2007; 67:8865-73. [PMID: 17875728 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-07-0767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) overexpression and production of prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) by head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) induce type 1 regulatory T (Tr1) cells and contribute to carcinogenesis by creating a tolerogenic milieu. To test this hypothesis, CD4(+)CD25(-) T cells obtained from the peripheral blood of 10 normal donors were cocultured with autologous dendritic cells, irradiated HNSCC cells and cytokines, interleukin 2 (IL-2), IL-10, and IL-15. HNSCC cells were either COX-2 negative, constitutively expressed COX-2, were transfected with COX-2, or had COX-2 expression knocked down by small interfering RNA. Other modifications included coculture plus or minus the COX-inhibitor, Diclofenac, or synthetic PGE(2) in the absence of HNSCC. Lymphocytes proliferating in 10-day cocultures were phenotyped by flow cytometry, studied for cytokine production by ELISA and for suppressor function in CFSE inhibition assays plus or minus anti-IL-10 or anti-transforming growth factor-beta(1) (TGF-beta(1)) monoclonal antibodies (mAb). COX-2(+) HNSCC or exogenous PGE(2) induced outgrowth of Tr1 cells with the CD3(+)CD4(+)CD25(-)IL2Rbeta(+)IL2Rgamma(+)FoxP3(+)CTLA-4(+)IL-10(+)TGF-beta(1)(+)IL-4(-) phenotype and high suppressor functions (range, 46-68%). Small interfering RNA knockout of COX-2 gene in HNSCC led to outgrowth of lymphocytes with decreased IL2Rgamma (P = 0.0001), FoxP3 (P = 0.05), and IL-10 (P = 0.035) expression and low suppressor activity (range, 26-34%). Whereas COX-2(+) cocultures contained IL-10 and TGF-beta(1) (medians, 615 and 824 pg/mL), cytokine levels were decreased (P < 0.0001) in COX-2(-) cocultures. Inhibition of COX-2 enzymatic activity in HNSCC abrogated outgrowth of Tr1 cells. Neutralizing mAbs to IL-10 and/or TGF-beta(1) abolished Tr1-mediated suppression. COX-2 overexpression in HNSCC plays a major role in the induction of Tr1 cells in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Bergmann
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Choi K, Creighton CJ, Stivers D, Fujimoto N, Kurie JM. Transcriptional profiling of non-small cell lung cancer cells with activating EGFR somatic mutations. PLoS One 2007; 2:e1226. [PMID: 18030354 PMCID: PMC2080626 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0001226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2007] [Accepted: 11/01/2007] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Activating somatic mutations in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) confer unique biologic features to non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells, but the transcriptional mediators of EGFR in this subgroup of NSCLC have not been fully elucidated. Methodology/Principal Findings Here we used genetic and pharmacologic approaches to elucidate the transcriptomes of NSCLC cell lines. We transcriptionally profiled a panel of EGFR-mutant and -wild-type NSCLC cell lines cultured in the presence or absence of an EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Hierarchical analysis revealed that the cell lines segregated on the basis of EGFR mutational status (mutant versus wild-type), and expression signatures were identified by supervised analysis that distinguished the cell lines based on mutational status (wild-type versus mutant) and type of mutation (L858R versus Δ746-750). Using an EGFR mutation-specific expression signature as a probe, we mined the gene expression profiles of two independent cohorts of NSCLC patients and found the signature in a subset. EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment regulated the expression of multiple genes, and pharmacologic inhibition of the protein products of two of them (PTGS2 and EphA2) inhibited anchorage-independent growth in EGFR-mutant NSCLC cells. Conclusions/Significance We have elucidated genes not previously associated with EGFR-mutant NSCLC, two of which enhanced the clonogenicity of these cells, distinguishing these mediators from others previously shown to maintain cell survival. These findings have potential clinical relevance given the availability of pharmacologic tools to inhibit the protein products of these genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuicheon Choi
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Chad J. Creighton
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - David Stivers
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Nobukazu Fujimoto
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jonathan M. Kurie
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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Wu R, Coniglio SJ, Chan A, Symons MH, Steinberg BM. Up-regulation of Rac1 by epidermal growth factor mediates COX-2 expression in recurrent respiratory papillomas. Mol Med 2007. [PMID: 17592548 DOI: 10.2119/2007-00005.wu] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Recurrent respiratory papillomas are epithelial tumors of the airway caused by human papillomaviruses. We previously reported that the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is overexpressed in papilloma cells, that cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is induced, and that COX-2 expression in primary papilloma cells requires activation of the EGFR but not Erk. Rac1, a member of the Rho family of GTPases, is a key signaling element that is known to control multiple pathways downstream of the EGFR. Here we report that Rac1 is overexpressed in papilloma cells compared with normal laryngeal epithelial cells and that the increased levels of Rac1 are mediated by EGFR activation. Transfecting cells with Rac1-specific siRNA suppressed COX-2 expression. Surprisingly, Rac1 mediated phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated kinase in papilloma cells but not normal cells, and inhibition of p38 with the specific inhibitor SB202190 suppressed COX-2 expression in papilloma cells but had no effect on low-level COX-2 expression in normal cells. Thus, the signaling cascades that regulate COX-2 expression are different in HPV-infected papilloma cells, with a significant contribution by the EGFR-- Rac1-->p38 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Wu
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore-LIJ Health System, New Hyde Park, and Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
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Wu R, Coniglio SJ, Chan A, Symons MH, Steinberg BM. Up-regulation of Rac1 by epidermal growth factor mediates COX-2 expression in recurrent respiratory papillomas. MOLECULAR MEDICINE (CAMBRIDGE, MASS.) 2007; 13:143-50. [PMID: 17592548 PMCID: PMC1892765 DOI: 10.2119/2007–00005.wu] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2007] [Accepted: 03/18/2007] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Recurrent respiratory papillomas are epithelial tumors of the airway caused by human papillomaviruses. We previously reported that the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is overexpressed in papilloma cells, that cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is induced, and that COX-2 expression in primary papilloma cells requires activation of the EGFR but not Erk. Rac1, a member of the Rho family of GTPases, is a key signaling element that is known to control multiple pathways downstream of the EGFR. Here we report that Rac1 is overexpressed in papilloma cells compared with normal laryngeal epithelial cells and that the increased levels of Rac1 are mediated by EGFR activation. Transfecting cells with Rac1-specific siRNA suppressed COX-2 expression. Surprisingly, Rac1 mediated phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated kinase in papilloma cells but not normal cells, and inhibition of p38 with the specific inhibitor SB202190 suppressed COX-2 expression in papilloma cells but had no effect on low-level COX-2 expression in normal cells. Thus, the signaling cascades that regulate COX-2 expression are different in HPV-infected papilloma cells, with a significant contribution by the EGFR-- Rac1-->p38 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Wu
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore-LIJ Health System, New Hyde Park, New York
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery
| | - Salvatore J Coniglio
- Manhasset, New York, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | | | - Marc H Symons
- Manhasset, New York, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Bettie M Steinberg
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore-LIJ Health System, New Hyde Park, New York
- Manhasset, New York, USA
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery
- Address correspondence and reprint requests to: Bettie M. Steinberg, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, USA 11030. Phone: (718) 470-7553; Fax: (718) 347-2320; E-mail:
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Subbaramaiah K, Dannenberg AJ. Cyclooxygenase-2 transcription is regulated by human papillomavirus 16 E6 and E7 oncoproteins: evidence of a corepressor/coactivator exchange. Cancer Res 2007; 67:3976-85. [PMID: 17440114 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-06-4273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase (COX-2) is overexpressed in human papillomavirus (HPV)-induced diseases, including cervical cancer. Although HPV E6 and E7 oncoproteins have been causally linked to cervical carcinogenesis, their effects on COX-2 gene expression are unknown. Increased levels of COX-2 mRNA, protein, and prostaglandin E(2) synthesis were detected in HPV16 E6- and E7-expressing cervical cancer cells (CaSki and SiHa) compared with an uninfected cervical cancer cell line (C33A). HPV16 E6 and E7 oncoproteins induced COX-2 transcription by activating the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-->Ras-->mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. Interestingly, HPV16 oncoproteins stimulated EGFR signaling, in part, by inducing the release of amphiregulin, an EGFR ligand. The inductive effects of HPV16 E6 and E7 were mediated by enhanced binding of activator protein-1 to the cyclic AMP (cAMP)-responsive element (-59/-53) of the COX-2 promoter. The potential contribution of coactivators and corepressors to HPV16 E6- and E7-mediated induction of COX-2 was also investigated. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays indicated that E6 and E7 oncoproteins induced the recruitment of phosphorylated c-Jun, c-Fos, UbcH5, and cAMP-responsive element binding protein-binding protein/p300 to the COX-2 promoter. In contrast, E6 and E7 inhibited the binding of the histone deacetylase 3-nuclear receptor corepressor (NCoR) complex to the COX-2 promoter. Moreover, overexpression of NCoR blocked E6- and E7-mediated stimulation of the COX-2 promoter. Taken together, these results indicate that HPV16 E6 and E7 oncoproteins stimulated COX-2 transcription by inducing a corepressor/coactivator exchange. To our knowledge, this study also provides the first evidence that NCoR can function as a repressor of COX-2 gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kotha Subbaramaiah
- Department of Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, USA.
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Prosperi JR, Robertson FM. Cyclooxygenase-2 directly regulates gene expression of P450 Cyp19 aromatase promoter regions pII, pI.3 and pI.7 and estradiol production in human breast tumor cells. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2006; 81:55-70. [PMID: 16997132 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2006.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2006] [Revised: 07/25/2006] [Accepted: 07/31/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The present studies evaluated the direct effects of the presence of human cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) on gene expression of specific promoter regions of the P450 Cyp19 enzyme aromatase enzyme and its product, estradiol, in Cox-2 null estrogen-dependent MCF-7 breast tumor cells and in a stable clone of MCF-7 cells containing transfected Cox-2 cDNA, designated as MCF-7/Cox-2 Clone 10. Clone 10 human breast tumor cells have significantly increased gene expression of total mRNA of the P450 Cyp19 enzyme aromatase, with high levels of gene expression of specific aromatase promoter (p) regions pII, pI.3, and p1.7, with no significant change in mRNA levels of p1.4. Clone 10 human breast tumor cells produced significantly increased amounts of both prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) derived from Cox-2 enzyme activity and estradiol derived from aromatase enzyme activity (p<0.01), compared to MCF-7/vector control cells. The greatest inhibition of PGE2 or estradiol production was observed by the combination of the selective Cox-2 inhibitor celecoxib (25 microM) and the aromatase inhibitor, formestane (10nM) (p<0.01). The greatest anti-proliferative effect in Cox-2 null MCF-7/vector control cells was observed with the combination of 25 microM celecoxib and 10nM formestane but not with 10 microM celecoxib, suggesting that there are Cox-2-independent mechanisms involved in the anti-proliferative effect of this agent at doses greater than 10 microM. Celecoxib (25 microM) also significantly inhibited proliferation of MCF-7/Cox-2 Clone 10 human breast tumor cells, with no further anti-proliferative activity with the addition of 10 nM formestane observed at either 24 or 48 h of treatment. These studies demonstrate that Cox-2 directly regulates gene expression of specific aromatase promoter regions and regulates aromatase enzyme activity. Agents that inhibit Cox-2 or block the biological effects of PGE2 may be useful in significantly limiting aromatase activity and proliferation of human breast tumor cells regardless of the presence of Cox-2. In addition, the unique human breast tumor cell model used in these studies may be a useful tool in identifying the spectrum of activities of agents that block the biological effects of PGE2 and estradiol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenifer R Prosperi
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics, The Integrated Biomedical Science Graduate Program, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, 2184 Graves Hall, 333 West 10th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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