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Guan X, Hu Y, Hao J, Lu M, Zhang Z, Hu W, Li D, Li C. Stress, Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Phenotype and Atherosclerosis: Novel Insight into Smooth Muscle Cell Phenotypic Transition in Atherosclerosis. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2024; 26:411-425. [PMID: 38814419 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-024-01220-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Our work is to establish more distinct association between specific stress and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) phenotypes to alleviate atherosclerotic plaque burden and delay atherosclerosis (AS) progression. RECENT FINDING In recent years, VSMCs phenotypic transition has received significant interests. Different stresses were found to be associated with VSMCs phenotypic transition. However, the explicit correlation between VSMCs phenotype and specific stress has not been elucidated clearly yet. We discover that VSMCs phenotypic transition, which is widely involved in the progression of AS, is associated with specific stress. We discuss approaches targeting stresses to intervene VSMCs phenotypic transition, which may contribute to develop innovative therapies for AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuya Guan
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Yuanlong Hu
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Jiaqi Hao
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Mengkai Lu
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhang
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Wenxian Hu
- Qingdao Hiser Hospital Affiliated of Qingdao University (Qingdao Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital), Qingdao, 266000, China.
| | - Dongxiao Li
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China.
| | - Chao Li
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China.
- Qingdao Hiser Hospital Affiliated of Qingdao University (Qingdao Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital), Qingdao, 266000, China.
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García E, Gil P, Miñambres I, Benitez-Amaro A, Rodríguez C, Claudi L, Julve J, Benitez S, Sánchez-Quesada JL, Rives J, Garcia-Moll X, Vilades D, Perez A, Llorente-Cortes V. Increased sLRP1 and decreased atrial natriuretic peptide plasma levels in newly diagnosed T2DM patients are normalized after optimization of glycemic control. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1236487. [PMID: 37635956 PMCID: PMC10450024 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1236487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) negatively modulates circulating atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) levels. Both molecules are involved in the regulation of cardiometabolism. Objectives To evaluate soluble LRP1 (sLRP1) and ANP levels in people with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and determine the effects of metabolic optimization. Methods This single-center longitudinal observational study recruited patients with newly diagnosed T2DM (n = 29, HbA1c > 8.5%), and 12 healthy control, age- and sex-matched volunteers. sLRP1 and ANP levels were measured by immunoassays at T2DM onset and at one year after optimization of glycemic control (HbA1c ≤ 6.5%). Results T2DM had higher sLRP1 levels than the control group (p = 0.014) and lower ANP levels (p =0.002). At 12 months, 23 T2DM patients reached the target of HbA1c ≤ 6.5%. These patients significantly reduced sLRP1 and increased ANP levels. Patients who did not achieve HbA1c < 6.5% failed to normalize sLRP1 and ANP levels. There was an inverse correlation in the changes in sLRP1 and ANP (p = 0.031). The extent of sLRP1 changes over 12 months of metabolic control positively correlated with those of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, TG, TG/HDLc, and apolipoprotein B. Conclusions Newly diagnosed T2DM patients have an increased sLRP1/ANP ratio, and increased sLRP1 and decreased ANP levels are normalized in the T2DM patients that reached an strict glycemic and metabolic control. sLRP1/ANP ratio could be a reliable marker of cardiometabolic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo García
- Institut de Recerca de l’Hospital de la santa Creu i Sant Pau, Sant Quintí, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Sant Quintí, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pedro Gil
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Sant Quintí, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Inka Miñambres
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Sant Quintí, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aleyda Benitez-Amaro
- Institut de Recerca de l’Hospital de la santa Creu i Sant Pau, Sant Quintí, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Sant Quintí, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Claudia Rodríguez
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Sant Quintí, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lene Claudi
- Institut de Recerca de l’Hospital de la santa Creu i Sant Pau, Sant Quintí, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Sant Quintí, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Julve
- Institut de Recerca de l’Hospital de la santa Creu i Sant Pau, Sant Quintí, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Sant Quintí, Barcelona, Spain
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Sant Quintí, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sonia Benitez
- Institut de Recerca de l’Hospital de la santa Creu i Sant Pau, Sant Quintí, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Sant Quintí, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Luís Sánchez-Quesada
- Institut de Recerca de l’Hospital de la santa Creu i Sant Pau, Sant Quintí, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Sant Quintí, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Rives
- Institut de Recerca de l’Hospital de la santa Creu i Sant Pau, Sant Quintí, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Sant Quintí, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Garcia-Moll
- Cardiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Vilades
- Cardiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
- Cardiac Imaging Unit, Cardiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Perez
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Sant Quintí, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vicenta Llorente-Cortes
- Institut de Recerca de l’Hospital de la santa Creu i Sant Pau, Sant Quintí, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Sant Quintí, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Vuu YM, Kadar Shahib A, Rastegar M. The Potential Therapeutic Application of Simvastatin for Brain Complications and Mechanisms of Action. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:914. [PMID: 37513826 PMCID: PMC10385015 DOI: 10.3390/ph16070914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Statins are common drugs that are clinically used to reduce elevated plasma cholesterol levels. Based on their solubility, statins are considered to be either hydrophilic or lipophilic. Amongst them, simvastatin has the highest lipophilicity to facilitate its ability to cross the blood-brain barrier. Recent studies have suggested that simvastatin could be a promising therapeutic option for different brain complications and diseases ranging from brain tumors (i.e., medulloblastoma and glioblastoma) to neurological disorders (i.e., Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease). Specific mechanisms of disease amelioration, however, are still unclear. Independent studies suggest that simvastatin may reduce the risk of developing certain neurodegenerative disorders. Meanwhile, other studies point towards inducing cell death in brain tumor cell lines. In this review, we outline the potential therapeutic effects of simvastatin on brain complications and review the clinically relevant molecular mechanisms in different cases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mojgan Rastegar
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
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Samouillan V, Garcia E, Benitez-Amaro A, La Chica Lhoëst MT, Dandurand J, Actis Dato V, Guerra JM, Escolà-Gil JC, Chiabrando G, Enrich C, Llorente-Cortes V. Inhibitory Effects of LRP1-Based Immunotherapy on Cardiac Extracellular Matrix Biophysical Alterations Induced by Hypercholesterolemia. J Med Chem 2023; 66:6251-6262. [PMID: 37116069 PMCID: PMC10184115 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c02103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation of lipids in cardiomyocytes contributes to cardiac dysfunction. The specific blockage of cardiomyocyte cholesteryl ester (CE) loading by antibodies (Abs) against the P3 sequence (Gly1127-Cys1140) of the LRP1 receptor improves cardiac insulin sensitivity. The impact of anti-P3 Abs on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced cardiac extracellular matrix (ECM) biophysical alterations was analyzed. Both IrP (without Abs) and P3-immunized rabbits (with Abs) were randomized into groups fed either HFD or a standard chow diet. Cardiac lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy in the attenuated total reflectance mode. The hydric organization and physical structure were determined by differential scanning calorimetry. HFD increased the levels of esterified lipids, collagen, and α-helical structures and upregulated fibrosis, bound water, and ECM plasticization in the heart. The inhibitory effect of anti-P3 Abs on cardiac CE accumulation was sufficient to reduce the collagen-filled extracellular space, the level of fibrosis, and the amount of bound water but did not counteract ECM plasticization in the heart of hypercholesterolemic rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Samouillan
- CIRIMAT, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Equipe PHYPOL, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Eduardo Garcia
- Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB SANTPAU), Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB)-Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aleyda Benitez-Amaro
- Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB SANTPAU), Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB)-Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Teresa La Chica Lhoëst
- Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB SANTPAU), Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB)-Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jany Dandurand
- CIRIMAT, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Equipe PHYPOL, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Virginia Actis Dato
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Godoy Cruz, 2290 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jose Maria Guerra
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB-SANTPAU), Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERCV, Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Joan Carles Escolà-Gil
- Metabolic Basis of Cardiovascular Risk, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), 08041 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gustavo Chiabrando
- Instituto Universitario de Ciencias Biomédicas de Córdoba (IUCBC), Centro de Investigación en Medicina Translacional Severo R. Amuchástegui (CIMETSA), G. V. al Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra (INIMEC-CONICET-UNC), X5016KEJ Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Carlos Enrich
- Unitat de Biologia Cellular, Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Centre de Recerca Biomèdica CELLEX, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vicenta Llorente-Cortes
- Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB SANTPAU), Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB)-Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERCV, Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Garcia E, Camps-Renom P, Puig N, Fernández-Leon A, Aguilera-Simón A, Benitez-Amaro A, Solé A, Vilades D, Sanchez-Quesada JL, Martí-Fàbregas J, Jiménez-Xarrié E, Benitez S, Llorente-Cortés V. Soluble low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 as a surrogate marker of carotid plaque inflammation assessed by 18F-FDG PET in patients with a recent ischemic stroke. J Transl Med 2023; 21:131. [PMID: 36805772 PMCID: PMC9940334 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03867-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18F-FDG PET) identifies carotid plaque inflammation and predicts stroke recurrence. AIM Our aim was to evaluate the performance of soluble low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (sLRP1) as an indicator of carotid plaque inflammation. METHODS A prospective study was conducted among adult patients with recent (< 7 days) anterior circulation ischemic stroke and at least one atherosclerotic plaque in the ipsilateral internal carotid artery. Patients underwent an early (< 15 days from inclusion) 18F-FDG PET, and the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) within the plaque was measured. sLRP1 levels were measured in plasma samples by ELISA. The association of sLRP1 with SUVmax was assessed using bivariate and multivariable linear regression analyses. Hazard ratios (HR) were estimated with Cox regression to evaluate the association between circulating sLRP1 and stroke recurrence. RESULTS The study was conducted with 64 participants, of which 57.8% had ≥ 50% carotid stenosis. The multivariable linear and logistic regression analyses showed that sLRP1 was independently associated with (i) SUVmax within the plaque (β = 0.159, 95% CI 0.062-0.257, p = 0.002) and (ii) a probability of presenting SUVmax ≥ 2.85 g/mL (OR = 1.31, 95% CI 1.00-1.01, p = 0.046), respectively. Participants with stroke recurrence showed higher sLRP1 levels at baseline [6447 ng/mL (4897-11163) vs. 3713 ng/mL (2793-4730); p = 0.018]. CONCLUSIONS sLRP1 was independently associated with carotid plaque inflammation as measured by 18F-FDG PET in patients with recent ischemic stroke and carotid atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Garcia
- Lipids and Cardiovascular Pathology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB)-Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Sant Quintí 77-79, 08041, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pol Camps-Renom
- Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB SANT PAU, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Puig
- Cardiovascular Biochemistry, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Sant Quintí 77-79, 08041, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Building M, Cerdanyola del Vallés, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alejandro Fernández-Leon
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB SANT PAU, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Aguilera-Simón
- Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB SANT PAU, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Building M, Cerdanyola del Vallés, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aleyda Benitez-Amaro
- Lipids and Cardiovascular Pathology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB)-Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Sant Quintí 77-79, 08041, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Arnau Solé
- Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB SANT PAU, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Vilades
- Cardiac Imaging Unit, Department of Cardiology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB SANT PAU, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER of Cardiovascular (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Luis Sanchez-Quesada
- Cardiovascular Biochemistry, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Sant Quintí 77-79, 08041, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joan Martí-Fàbregas
- Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB SANT PAU, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Jiménez-Xarrié
- Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB SANT PAU, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sonia Benitez
- Cardiovascular Biochemistry, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Sant Quintí 77-79, 08041, Barcelona, Spain.
- CIBER of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Vicenta Llorente-Cortés
- Lipids and Cardiovascular Pathology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB)-Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Sant Quintí 77-79, 08041, Barcelona, Spain.
- CIBER of Cardiovascular (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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Actis Dato V, Benitez-Amaro A, Garcia E, Claudi L, Lhoëst MTL, Iborra A, Escola-Gil JC, Guerra JM, Samouillan V, Enrich C, Chiabrando G, Llorente-Cortés V. Targeting cholesteryl ester accumulation in the heart improves cardiac insulin response. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 152:113270. [PMID: 35709652 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antibodies against the P3 sequence (Gly1127-Cys1140) of LRP1 (anti-P3 Abs) specifically block cholesteryl ester (CE) accumulation in vascular cells. LRP1 is a key regulator of insulin receptor (InsR) trafficking in different cell types. The link between CE accumulation and the insulin response are largely unknown. Here, the effects of P3 peptide immunization on the alterations induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) in cardiac insulin response were evaluated. METHODS Irrelevant (IrP)- or P3 peptide-immunized rabbits were randomized into groups fed either HFD or normal chow. Cardiac lipid content was characterized by thin-layer chromatography, confocal microscopy, and electron microscopy. LRP1, InsR and glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) levels were determined in membranes and total lysates from rabbit heart. The interaction between InsR and LRP1 was analyzed by immunoprecipitation and confocal microscopy. Insulin signaling activity and glucose uptake were evaluated in HL-1 cells exposed to rabbit serum from the different groups. FINDINGS HFD reduces cardiac InsR and GLUT4 membrane levels and the interactions between LRP1/InsR. Targeting the P3 sequence on LRP1 through anti-P3 Abs specifically reduces CE accumulation in the heart independently of changes in the circulating lipid profile. This restores InsR and GLUT4 levels in cardiac membranes as well as the LRP1/InsR interactions of HFD-fed rabbits. In addition, anti-P3 Abs restores the insulin signaling cascade and glucose uptake in HL-1 cells exposed to hypercholesterolemic rabbit serum. INTERPRETATION LRP1-immunotargeting can block CE accumulation within the heart with specificity, selectivity, and efficacy, thereby improving the cardiac insulin response; this has important therapeutic implications for a wide range of cardiac diseases. FUNDING Fundació MARATÓ TV3: grant 101521-10, Instiuto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) and ERDFPI18/01584, Fundación BBVA Ayudas a Equipos de Investigación 2019. SECyT-UNC grants PROYECTOS CONSOLIDAR 2018-2021; FONCyT, Préstamo BID PICT grant 2015-0807 and grant 2017-4497.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Actis Dato
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Aleyda Benitez-Amaro
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB)-Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduardo Garcia
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB)-Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lene Claudi
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB)-Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Teresa LaChica Lhoëst
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB)-Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antoni Iborra
- SCAC, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Joan Carles Escola-Gil
- Metabolic Basis of Cardiovascular Risk, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau. CIBER de Diabetes y enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Barcelona. Spain
| | - Jose Maria Guerra
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBERCV, Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Valerie Samouillan
- CIRIMAT, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Equipe PHYPOL, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Carlos Enrich
- Unitat de Biologia Cel·lular, Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centre de Recerca Biomèdica CELLEX, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gustavo Chiabrando
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Vicenta Llorente-Cortés
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB)-Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain; CIBERCV, Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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7
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Garcia-Arcos I, Park SS, Mai M, Alvarez-Buve R, Chow L, Cai H, Baumlin-Schmid N, Agudelo CW, Martinez J, Kim MD, Dabo AJ, Salathe M, Goldberg IJ, Foronjy RF. LRP1 loss in airway epithelium exacerbates smoke-induced oxidative damage and airway remodeling. J Lipid Res 2022; 63:100185. [PMID: 35202607 PMCID: PMC8953659 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2022.100185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The LDL receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) partakes in metabolic and signaling events regulated in a tissue-specific manner. The function of LRP1 in airways has not been studied. We aimed to study the function of LRP1 in smoke-induced disease. We found that bronchial epithelium of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and airway epithelium of mice exposed to smoke had increased LRP1 expression. We then knocked out LRP1 in human bronchial epithelial cells in vitro and in airway epithelial club cells in mice. In vitro, LRP1 knockdown decreased cell migration and increased transforming growth factor β activation. Tamoxifen-inducible airway-specific LRP1 knockout mice (club Lrp1-/-) induced after complete lung development had increased inflammation in the bronchoalveolar space and lung parenchyma at baseline. After 6 months of smoke exposure, club Lrp1-/- mice showed a combined restrictive and obstructive phenotype, with lower compliance, inspiratory capacity, and forced expiratory volume0.05/forced vital capacity than WT smoke-exposed mice. This was associated with increased values of Ashcroft fibrotic index. Proteomic analysis of room air exposed-club Lrp1-/- mice showed significantly decreased levels of proteins involved in cytoskeleton signaling and xenobiotic detoxification as well as decreased levels of glutathione. The proteome fingerprint created by smoke eclipsed many of the original differences, but club Lrp1-/- mice continued to have decreased lung glutathione levels and increased protein oxidative damage and airway cell proliferation. Therefore, LRP1 deficiency leads to greater lung inflammation and damage and exacerbates smoke-induced lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itsaso Garcia-Arcos
- Departments of Medicine and Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Sangmi S Park
- Departments of Medicine and Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michelle Mai
- Departments of Medicine and Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Roger Alvarez-Buve
- Respiratory Department, Hospital University Arnau de Vilanova and Santa Maria, IRB Lleida, University of Lleida, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Lillian Chow
- Departments of Medicine and Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Huchong Cai
- Departments of Medicine and Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Christina W Agudelo
- Departments of Medicine and Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jennifer Martinez
- Departments of Medicine and Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael D Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Abdoulaye J Dabo
- Departments of Medicine and Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Matthias Salathe
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Ira J Goldberg
- Department of Medicine, NYU Langone School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robert F Foronjy
- Departments of Medicine and Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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8
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Luquero A, Vilahur G, Casani L, Badimon L, Borrell-Pages M. Differential cholesterol uptake in liver cells: A role for PCSK9. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22291. [PMID: 35344222 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101660rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The clearance of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles from the circulation is regulated by the LDL receptor (LDLR) and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin 9 (PCSK9) interaction. Its disruption reduces blood cholesterol levels and delays atherosclerosis progression. Whether other members of the LDLR superfamily are in vivo targets of PCSK9 has been poorly explored. The aim of this work was to study the interaction between PCSK9 and members of the LDLR superfamily in the regulation of liver cholesterol homeostasis in an in vivo low-density lipoprotein receptor related protein 5 (LRP5) deficient mice model challenged with high-fat diet. Our results show that Wt and Lrp5-/- mice fed a hypercholesterolemic diet (HC) have increased cholesterol ester accumulation and decreased liver LDLR and LRP5 gene and protein expression. Very low-density lipoprotein receptor (VLDLR), LRP6, LRP2, and LRP1 expression levels were analyzed in liver samples and show that they do not participate in Lrp5-/- liver cholesterol uptake. Immunoprecipitation experiments show that LRP5 forms a complex with PCSK9 in liver-specific fat-storing stellate cells but not in structural HepG2 cells. Hepatic stellate cells silenced for LRP5 and/or PCSK9 expression and challenged with lipids show reduced cholesterol ester accumulation, indicating that both proteins are involved in lipid processing in the liver. Our results indicate that cholesterol esters accumulate in livers of Wt mice in a LDLR-family-members dependent manner as VLDLR, LRP2, and LRP6 show increased expression in HC mice. However, this increase is lost in livers of Lrp5-/- mice, where scavenger receptors are involved in cholesterol uptake. PCSK9 expression is strongly downregulated in mice livers after HC feeding. However PCSK9 and LRP5 bind in the cytoplasm of fat storing liver cells, indicating that this PCSK9-LRP5 interaction is cell-type specific and that both proteins contribute to lipid uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aureli Luquero
- Cardiovascular Program ICCC, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau Research Institute, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Vilahur
- Cardiovascular Program ICCC, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau Research Institute, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER-CV, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - Laura Casani
- Cardiovascular Program ICCC, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau Research Institute, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lina Badimon
- Cardiovascular Program ICCC, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau Research Institute, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER-CV, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain.,Cardiovascular Research Chair, UAB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Borrell-Pages
- Cardiovascular Program ICCC, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau Research Institute, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER-CV, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
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9
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Benitez-Amaro A, Martínez-Bosch N, Manero-Rupérez N, Claudi L, La Chica Lhoëst MT, Soler M, Ros-Blanco L, Navarro P, Llorente-Cortés V. Peptides against Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) Aggregation Inhibit Intracellular Cholesteryl Ester Loading and Proliferation of Pancreatic Tumor Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14040890. [PMID: 35205638 PMCID: PMC8869901 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14040890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Dyslipidemia is a modifiable risk factor for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), one of the most lethal cancers. A key component of dyslipidemia is a high level of small and dense low-density lipoproteins (LDLs). These LDLs have a high probability to be entrapped and modified (aggregated) in the extracellular matrix (ECM), becoming a source of cholesterol for tumor cells. However, the effect of aggregated LDLs on tumor progression has been unexplored. The aim of this work was to determine the effect of modified LDLs on intracellular cholesteryl ester/free cholesterol ratio (CE/FC) and cancer cell growth, and the efficacy of peptides designed to inhibit LDL aggregation on these processes. Our results show that aggregated LDL upregulates the intracellular CE/FC ratio and cell growth in pancreatic cancer and that these upregulatory effects were blocked by peptides against LDL aggregation. We propose that anti-LDL aggregation peptides deserve to be further investigated as anti-tumoral strategies. Abstract Dyslipidemia, metabolic disorders and/or obesity are postulated as risk factors for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). The majority of patients with these metabolic alterations have low density lipoproteins (LDLs) with increased susceptibility to become aggregated in the extracellular matrix (ECM). LDL aggregation can be efficiently inhibited by low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1)-based peptides. The objectives of this work were: (i) to determine if aggregated LDLs affect the intracellular cholesteryl ester (CE)/free cholesterol (FC) ratio and/or the tumor pancreatic cell proliferation, using sphingomyelinase-modified LDL particles (Aggregated LDL, AgLDL); and (ii) to test whether LRP1-based peptides, highly efficient against LDL aggregation, can interfere in these processes. For this, we exposed human pancreatic cancer cell lines (PANC-1, RWP-1 and Capan-1) to native (nLDL) or AgLDLs in the absence or presence of LRP1-based peptides (DP3) or irrelevant peptides (IP321). Results of thin-layer chromatography (TLC) following lipid extraction indicate that AgLDLs induce a higher intracellular CE/FC ratio than nLDL, and that DP3 but not IP321 counteracts this effect. AgLDLs also increase PANC-1 cell proliferation, which is inhibited by the DP3 peptide. Our results indicate that AgLDL-induced intracellular CE accumulation plays a crucial role in the proliferation of pancreatic tumor cell lines. Peptides with anti-LDL aggregation properties may thus exhibit anti-tumor effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleyda Benitez-Amaro
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (A.B.-A.); (L.C.); (M.T.L.C.L.)
- Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), 08025 Barcelona, Spain; (M.S.); (L.R.-B.)
| | - Neus Martínez-Bosch
- Cancer Research Program, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Unidad Asociada IIBB-CSIC, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (N.M.-B.); (N.M.-R.)
| | - Noemí Manero-Rupérez
- Cancer Research Program, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Unidad Asociada IIBB-CSIC, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (N.M.-B.); (N.M.-R.)
| | - Lene Claudi
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (A.B.-A.); (L.C.); (M.T.L.C.L.)
- Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), 08025 Barcelona, Spain; (M.S.); (L.R.-B.)
| | - Maria Teresa La Chica Lhoëst
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (A.B.-A.); (L.C.); (M.T.L.C.L.)
- Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), 08025 Barcelona, Spain; (M.S.); (L.R.-B.)
| | - Marta Soler
- Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), 08025 Barcelona, Spain; (M.S.); (L.R.-B.)
| | - Lia Ros-Blanco
- Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), 08025 Barcelona, Spain; (M.S.); (L.R.-B.)
| | - Pilar Navarro
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (A.B.-A.); (L.C.); (M.T.L.C.L.)
- Cancer Research Program, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Unidad Asociada IIBB-CSIC, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (N.M.-B.); (N.M.-R.)
- August Pi Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (P.N.); (V.L.-C.)
| | - Vicenta Llorente-Cortés
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (A.B.-A.); (L.C.); (M.T.L.C.L.)
- Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), 08025 Barcelona, Spain; (M.S.); (L.R.-B.)
- CIBERCV, Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (P.N.); (V.L.-C.)
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10
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Benitez Amaro A, Solanelles Curco A, Garcia E, Julve J, Rives J, Benitez S, Llorente Cortes V. Apolipoprotein and LRP1-Based Peptides as New Therapeutic Tools in Atherosclerosis. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10163571. [PMID: 34441867 PMCID: PMC8396846 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10163571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein (Apo)-based mimetic peptides have been shown to reduce atherosclerosis. Most of the ApoC-II and ApoE mimetics exert anti-atherosclerotic effects by improving lipid profile. ApoC-II mimetics reverse hypertriglyceridemia and ApoE-based peptides such as Ac-hE18A-NH2 reduce cholesterol and triglyceride (TG) levels in humans. Conversely, other classes of ApoE and ApoA-I mimetic peptides and, more recently, ApoJ and LRP1-based peptides, exhibit several anti-atherosclerotic actions in experimental models without influencing lipoprotein profile. These other mimetic peptides display at least one atheroprotective mechanism such as providing LDL stability against mechanical modification or conferring protection against the action of lipolytic enzymes inducing LDL aggregation in the arterial intima. Other anti-atherosclerotic effects exerted by these peptides also include protection against foam cell formation and inflammation, and induction of reverse cholesterol transport. Although the underlying mechanisms of action are still poorly described, the recent findings suggest that these mimetics could confer atheroprotection by favorably influencing lipoprotein function rather than lipoprotein levels. Despite the promising results obtained with peptide mimetics, the assessment of their stability, atheroprotective efficacy and tissue targeted delivery are issues currently under progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleyda Benitez Amaro
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (A.B.A.); (E.G.)
- Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), 08041 Barcelona, Spain;
| | | | - Eduardo Garcia
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (A.B.A.); (E.G.)
- Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), 08041 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Josep Julve
- Metabolic Basis of Cardiovascular Risk Group, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), 08041 Barcelona, Spain;
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Rives
- Biochemistry Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain;
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08016 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sonia Benitez
- Cardiovascular Biochemistry Group, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), 08041 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (S.B.); or (V.L.C.)
| | - Vicenta Llorente Cortes
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (A.B.A.); (E.G.)
- Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), 08041 Barcelona, Spain;
- CIBERCV, Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (S.B.); or (V.L.C.)
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11
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Lipid accumulation and novel insight into vascular smooth muscle cells in atherosclerosis. J Mol Med (Berl) 2021; 99:1511-1526. [PMID: 34345929 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-021-02109-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic and progressive process. It is the most important pathological basis of cardiovascular disease and stroke. Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are an essential cell type in atherosclerosis. Previous studies have revealed that VSMCs undergo phenotypic transformation in atherosclerosis to participate in the retention of atherogenic lipoproteins as well as the formation of the fibrous cap and the underlying necrotic core in plaques. The emergence of lineage-tracing studies indicates that the function and number of VSMCs in plaques have been greatly underestimated. In addition, recent studies have revealed that VSMCs make up at least 50% of the foam cell population in human and mouse atherosclerotic lesions. Therefore, understanding the formation of lipid-loaded VSMCs and their regulatory mechanisms is critical to elucidate the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and to explore potential therapeutic targets. Moreover, combination of many complementary technologies such as lineage tracing, single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), flow cytometry, and mass cytometry (CyTOF) with immunostaining has been performed to further understand the complex VSMC function. Correct identification of detrimental and beneficial processes may reveal successful therapeutic treatments targeting VSMCs and their derivatives during atherosclerosis. The purpose of this review is to summarize the process of lipid-loaded VSMC formation in atherosclerosis and to describe novel insight into VSMCs gained by using multiple advanced methods.
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12
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Shrestha P, Adepu S, Vivès RR, Masri RE, Klooster A, Kaptein F, Dam W, Bakker SJL, van Goor H, van de Sluis B, van den Born J. Hypercholesterolemia in Progressive Renal Failure Is Associated with Changes in Hepatic Heparan Sulfate - PCSK9 Interaction. J Am Soc Nephrol 2021; 32:1371-1388. [PMID: 33758009 PMCID: PMC8259657 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2020091376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dyslipidemia is an important risk factor in CKD. The liver clears triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRL) via LDL receptor (LDLR), LDLR-related protein-1 (LRP-1), and heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs), mostly syndecan-1. HSPGs also facilitate LDLR degradation by proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9). Progressive renal failure affects the structure and activity of hepatic lipoprotein receptors, PCSK9, and plasma cholesterol. METHODS Uninephrectomy- and aging-induced CKD in normotensive Wistar rats and hypertensive Munich-Wistar-Frömter (MWF) rats. RESULTS Compared with 22-week-old sex- and strain-matched rats, 48-week-old uninephrectomized Wistar-CKD and MWF-CKD rats showed proteinuria, increased plasma creatinine, and hypercholesterolemia (all P<0.05), which were most apparent in hypertensive MWF-CKD rats. Hepatic PCSK9 expression increased in both CKD groups (P<0.05), with unusual sinusoidal localization, which was not seen in 22-week-old rats. Heparan sulfate (HS) disaccharide analysis, staining with anti-HS mAbs, and mRNA expression of HS polymerase exostosin-1 (Ext-1), revealed elongated HS chains in both CKD groups. Solid-phase competition assays showed that the PCSK9 interaction with heparin-albumin (HS-proteoglycan analogue) was critically dependent on polysaccharide chain length. VLDL binding to HS from CKD livers was reduced (P<0.05). Proteinuria and plasma creatinine strongly associated with plasma cholesterol, PCSK9, and HS changes. CONCLUSIONS Progressive CKD induces hepatic HS elongation, leading to increased interaction with PCSK9. This might reduce hepatic lipoprotein uptake and thereby induce dyslipidemia in CKD. Therefore, PCSK9/HS may be a novel target to control dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pragyi Shrestha
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Saritha Adepu
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Romain R. Vivès
- University Grenoble Alpes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique (CEA), Institute of Structural Biology, Grenoble, France
| | - Rana El Masri
- University Grenoble Alpes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique (CEA), Institute of Structural Biology, Grenoble, France
| | - Astrid Klooster
- Department of Pathology, Pathology Friesland, Leeuwarden, The Netherlands
| | - Fleur Kaptein
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wendy Dam
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Stephan J. L. Bakker
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Harry van Goor
- Department Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bart van de Sluis
- Department Pediatrics, Section of Molecular Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jacob van den Born
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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13
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Chen J, Su Y, Pi S, Hu B, Mao L. The Dual Role of Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein 1 in Atherosclerosis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:682389. [PMID: 34124208 PMCID: PMC8192809 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.682389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-density lipoprotein receptor–related protein-1 (LRP1) is a large endocytic and signaling receptor belonging to the LDL receptor (LDLR) gene family and that is widely expressed in several tissues. LRP1 comprises a large extracellular domain (ECD; 515 kDa, α chain) and a small intracellular domain (ICD; 85 kDa, β chain). The deletion of LRP1 leads to embryonic lethality in mice, revealing a crucial but yet undefined role in embryogenesis and development. LRP1 has been postulated to participate in numerous diverse physiological and pathological processes ranging from plasma lipoprotein homeostasis, atherosclerosis, tumor evolution, and fibrinolysis to neuronal regeneration and survival. Many studies using cultured cells and in vivo animal models have revealed the important roles of LRP1 in vascular remodeling, foam cell biology, inflammation and atherosclerosis. However, its role in atherosclerosis remains controversial. LRP1 not only participates in the removal of atherogenic lipoproteins and proatherogenic ligands in the liver but also mediates the uptake of aggregated LDL to promote the formation of macrophage- and vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC)-derived foam cells, which causes a prothrombotic transformation of the vascular wall. The dual and opposing roles of LRP1 may also represent an interesting target for atherosclerosis therapeutics. This review highlights the influence of LRP1 during atherosclerosis development, focusing on its dual role in vascular cells and immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiefang Chen
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Su
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shulan Pi
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bo Hu
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ling Mao
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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14
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Öörni K, Kovanen PT. Aggregation Susceptibility of Low-Density Lipoproteins-A Novel Modifiable Biomarker of Cardiovascular Risk. J Clin Med 2021; 10:1769. [PMID: 33921661 PMCID: PMC8074066 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10081769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Circulating low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles enter the arterial intima where they bind to the extracellular matrix and become modified by lipases, proteases, and oxidizing enzymes and agents. The modified LDL particles aggregate and fuse into larger matrix-bound lipid droplets and, upon generation of unesterified cholesterol, cholesterol crystals are also formed. Uptake of the aggregated/fused particles and cholesterol crystals by macrophages and smooth muscle cells induces their inflammatory activation and conversion into foam cells. In this review, we summarize the causes and consequences of LDL aggregation and describe the development and applications of an assay capable of determining the susceptibility of isolated LDL particles to aggregate when exposed to human recombinant sphingomyelinase enzyme ex vivo. Significant person-to-person differences in the aggregation susceptibility of LDL particles were observed, and such individual differences largely depended on particle lipid composition. The presence of aggregation-prone LDL in the circulation predicted future cardiovascular events in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. We also discuss means capable of reducing LDL particles' aggregation susceptibility that could potentially inhibit LDL aggregation in the arterial wall. Whether reductions in LDL aggregation susceptibility are associated with attenuated atherogenesis and a reduced risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases remains to be studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katariina Öörni
- Wihuri Research Institute, 00290 Helsinki, Finland;
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
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15
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Ben-Aicha S, Casaní L, Muñoz-García N, Joan-Babot O, Peña E, Aržanauskaitė M, Gutierrez M, Mendieta G, Padró T, Badimon L, Vilahur G. HDL (High-Density Lipoprotein) Remodeling and Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Assessed Atherosclerotic Plaque Burden: Study in a Preclinical Experimental Model. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 40:2481-2493. [PMID: 32847390 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.314956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE HDL (high-density lipoprotein) role in atherosclerosis is controversial. Clinical trials with CETP (cholesterylester transfer protein)-inhibitors have not provided benefit. We have shown that HDL remodeling in hypercholesterolemia reduces HDL cardioprotective potential. We aimed to assess whether hypercholesterolemia affects HDL-induced atherosclerotic plaque regression. Approach and Results: Atherosclerosis was induced in New Zealand White rabbits for 3-months by combining a high-fat-diet and double-balloon aortic denudation. Then, animals underwent magnetic resonance imaging (basal plaque) and randomized to receive 4 IV infusions (1 infusion/wk) of HDL isolated from normocholesterolemic (NC-HDL; 75 mg/kg; n=10), hypercholesterolemic (HC-HDL; 75 mg/Kg; n=10), or vehicle (n=10) rabbits. Then, animals underwent a second magnetic resonance imaging (end plaque). Blood, aorta, and liver samples were obtained for analyses. Follow-up magnetic resonance imaging revealed that NC-HDL administration regressed atherosclerotic lesions by 4.3%, whereas, conversely, the administration of HC-HDLs induced a further 6.5% progression (P<0.05 versus basal). Plaque characterization showed that HC-HDL administered animals had a 2-fold higher lipid and cholesterol content versus those infused NC-HDL and vehicle (P<0.05). No differences were observed among groups in CD31 levels, nor in infiltrated macrophages or smooth muscle cells. Plaques from HC-HDL administered animals exhibited higher Casp3 (caspase 3) content (P<0.05 versus vehicle and NC-HDL) whereas plaques from NC-HDL infused animals showed lower expression of Casp3, Cox1 (cyclooxygenase 1), inducible nitric oxide synthase, and MMP (metalloproteinase) activity (P<0.05 versus HC-HDL and vehicle). HDLs isolated from animals administered HC-HDL displayed lower antioxidant potential and cholesterol efflux capacity as compared with HDLs isolated from NC-HDL-infused animal and vehicle or donor HDL (P<0.05). There were no differences in HDL-ApoA1 content, ABCA1 (ATP-binding cassette transporter A1) vascular expression, and SRB1 (scavenger receptor B1) and ABCA1 liver expression. CONCLUSIONS HDL particles isolated from a hypercholesterolemic milieu lose their ability to regress and stabilize atherosclerotic lesions. Our data suggest that HDL remodeling in patients with co-morbidities may lead to the loss of HDL atheroprotective functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumaya Ben-Aicha
- Cardiovascular Program-ICCC, Research Institute-Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (S.B., L.C., N.M.-G., O.J.-B., E.P., M.A., M.G., T.P., L.B., G.V.)
- School of Medicine, University of Barcelona (UB), Spain (S.B., G.M.)
| | - Laura Casaní
- Cardiovascular Program-ICCC, Research Institute-Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (S.B., L.C., N.M.-G., O.J.-B., E.P., M.A., M.G., T.P., L.B., G.V.)
| | - Natàlia Muñoz-García
- Cardiovascular Program-ICCC, Research Institute-Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (S.B., L.C., N.M.-G., O.J.-B., E.P., M.A., M.G., T.P., L.B., G.V.)
| | - Oriol Joan-Babot
- Cardiovascular Program-ICCC, Research Institute-Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (S.B., L.C., N.M.-G., O.J.-B., E.P., M.A., M.G., T.P., L.B., G.V.)
| | - Esther Peña
- Cardiovascular Program-ICCC, Research Institute-Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (S.B., L.C., N.M.-G., O.J.-B., E.P., M.A., M.G., T.P., L.B., G.V.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cardiovascular (CIBERCV) Instituto de Salud Carlos III (T.P., L.B., G.V., E.P.)
| | - Monika Aržanauskaitė
- Cardiovascular Program-ICCC, Research Institute-Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (S.B., L.C., N.M.-G., O.J.-B., E.P., M.A., M.G., T.P., L.B., G.V.)
| | - Manuel Gutierrez
- Cardiovascular Program-ICCC, Research Institute-Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (S.B., L.C., N.M.-G., O.J.-B., E.P., M.A., M.G., T.P., L.B., G.V.)
| | - Guiomar Mendieta
- School of Medicine, University of Barcelona (UB), Spain (S.B., G.M.)
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Clinico Barcelona Spain (G.M.)
| | - Teresa Padró
- Cardiovascular Program-ICCC, Research Institute-Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (S.B., L.C., N.M.-G., O.J.-B., E.P., M.A., M.G., T.P., L.B., G.V.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cardiovascular (CIBERCV) Instituto de Salud Carlos III (T.P., L.B., G.V., E.P.)
| | - Lina Badimon
- Cardiovascular Program-ICCC, Research Institute-Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (S.B., L.C., N.M.-G., O.J.-B., E.P., M.A., M.G., T.P., L.B., G.V.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cardiovascular (CIBERCV) Instituto de Salud Carlos III (T.P., L.B., G.V., E.P.)
- Cardiovascular Research Chair, Universidad Autónoma Barcelona (UAB), Spain(L.B.)
| | - Gemma Vilahur
- Cardiovascular Program-ICCC, Research Institute-Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (S.B., L.C., N.M.-G., O.J.-B., E.P., M.A., M.G., T.P., L.B., G.V.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cardiovascular (CIBERCV) Instituto de Salud Carlos III (T.P., L.B., G.V., E.P.)
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Healthspan pathway maps in C. elegans and humans highlight transcription, proliferation/biosynthesis and lipids. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:12534-12581. [PMID: 32634117 PMCID: PMC7377848 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The molecular basis of aging and of aging-associated diseases is being unraveled at an increasing pace. An extended healthspan, and not merely an extension of lifespan, has become the aim of medical practice. Here, we define health based on the absence of diseases and dysfunctions. Based on an extensive review of the literature, in particular for humans and C. elegans, we compile a list of features of health and of the genes associated with them. These genes may or may not be associated with survival/lifespan. In turn, survival/lifespan genes that are not known to be directly associated with health are not considered. Clusters of these genes based on molecular interaction data give rise to maps of healthspan pathways for humans and for C. elegans. Overlaying healthspan-related gene expression data onto the healthspan pathway maps, we observe the downregulation of (pro-inflammatory) Notch signaling in humans and of proliferation in C. elegans. We identify transcription, proliferation/biosynthesis and lipids as a common theme on the annotation level, and proliferation-related kinases on the gene/protein level. Our literature-based data corpus, including visualization, should be seen as a pilot investigation of the molecular underpinnings of health in two different species. Web address: http://pathways.h2020awe.eu.
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Benitez‐Amaro A, Pallara C, Nasarre L, Ferreira R, Gonzalo‐Calvo D, Prades R, Tarragó T, Llorente‐Cortés V. Development of Innovative Antiatherosclerotic Peptides through the Combination of Molecular Modeling and a Dual (Biochemical‐Cellular) Screening System. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202000037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aleyda Benitez‐Amaro
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB)Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) Barcelona 08036 Spain
- Group of Lipids and Cardiovascular PathologyBiomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau)Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau Barcelona 08025 Spain
| | - Chiara Pallara
- Iproteos S.LBarcelona Science Park (PCB) Barcelona 08028 Spain
| | - Laura Nasarre
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB)Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) Barcelona 08036 Spain
| | - Ruben Ferreira
- Iproteos S.LBarcelona Science Park (PCB) Barcelona 08028 Spain
| | - David Gonzalo‐Calvo
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB)Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) Barcelona 08036 Spain
- Group of Lipids and Cardiovascular PathologyBiomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau)Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau Barcelona 08025 Spain
- CIBER enfermedades cardiovasculares (CIBERcv) Madrid 28029 Spain
| | - Roger Prades
- Iproteos S.LBarcelona Science Park (PCB) Barcelona 08028 Spain
| | - Teresa Tarragó
- Iproteos S.LBarcelona Science Park (PCB) Barcelona 08028 Spain
| | - Vicenta Llorente‐Cortés
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB)Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) Barcelona 08036 Spain
- Group of Lipids and Cardiovascular PathologyBiomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau)Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau Barcelona 08025 Spain
- CIBER enfermedades cardiovasculares (CIBERcv) Madrid 28029 Spain
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Castaño D, Rattanasopa C, Monteiro-Cardoso VF, Corlianò M, Liu Y, Zhong S, Rusu M, Liehn EA, Singaraja RR. Lipid efflux mechanisms, relation to disease and potential therapeutic aspects. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 159:54-93. [PMID: 32423566 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Lipids are hydrophobic and amphiphilic molecules involved in diverse functions such as membrane structure, energy metabolism, immunity, and signaling. However, altered intra-cellular lipid levels or composition can lead to metabolic and inflammatory dysfunction, as well as lipotoxicity. Thus, intra-cellular lipid homeostasis is tightly regulated by multiple mechanisms. Since most peripheral cells do not catabolize cholesterol, efflux (extra-cellular transport) of cholesterol is vital for lipid homeostasis. Defective efflux contributes to atherosclerotic plaque development, impaired β-cell insulin secretion, and neuropathology. Of these, defective lipid efflux in macrophages in the arterial walls leading to foam cell and atherosclerotic plaque formation has been the most well studied, likely because a leading global cause of death is cardiovascular disease. Circulating high density lipoprotein particles play critical roles as acceptors of effluxed cellular lipids, suggesting their importance in disease etiology. We review here mechanisms and pathways that modulate lipid efflux, the role of lipid efflux in disease etiology, and therapeutic options aimed at modulating this critical process.
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Chen J, Pi S, Yu C, Shi H, Liu Y, Guo X, Zhou L, Li Y, He H, Xia Y, Mao L, Hu B. sLRP1 (Soluble Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein 1): A Novel Biomarker for P2Y12 (P2Y Purinoceptor 12) Receptor Expression in Atherosclerotic Plaques. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 40:e166-e179. [PMID: 32349534 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.314350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recent studies suggest that the P2Y12 (P2Y purinoceptor 12) receptor of vascular smooth muscle cells in atherosclerotic plaques aggravates atherosclerosis, and P2Y12 receptor inhibitors such as CDL (clopidogrel) may effectively treat atherosclerosis. It is imperative to identify an effective biomarker for reflecting the P2Y12 receptor expression on vascular smooth muscle cells in plaques. Approach and Results: We found that there was a positive correlation between the level of circulating sLRP1 (soluble low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1) and the number of LRP1+ α-SMA+ (α-smooth muscle actin), P2Y12+, or P2Y12+ LRP1+ cells in plaques from apoE-/- mice fed a high-fat diet. Furthermore, activation of the P2Y12 receptor increased the expression and shedding of LRP1 in vascular smooth muscle cells by inhibiting cAMP (3'-5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate)/PKA (protein kinase A)/SREBP-2 (sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 2). Conversely, genetic knockdown or pharmacological inhibition of the P2Y12 receptor had the opposite effects. Additionally, CDL decreased the number of lesional LRP1+ α-SMA+ cells and the levels of circulating sLRP1 by activating cAMP/PKA/SREBP-2 in apoE-/- mice fed a high-fat diet. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that sLRP1 may be a biomarker that reflects the P2Y12 receptor level in plaques and has the potential to be an indicator for administering P2Y12 receptor inhibitors for patients with atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiefang Chen
- From the Department of Neurology (J.C., S.P., H.S., Y. Liu, X.G., L.Z., Y. Li, H.H., Y.X., L.M., B.H.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shulan Pi
- From the Department of Neurology (J.C., S.P., H.S., Y. Liu, X.G., L.Z., Y. Li, H.H., Y.X., L.M., B.H.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Cheng Yu
- Department of Ultrasound (C.Y.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hanqing Shi
- From the Department of Neurology (J.C., S.P., H.S., Y. Liu, X.G., L.Z., Y. Li, H.H., Y.X., L.M., B.H.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuxiao Liu
- From the Department of Neurology (J.C., S.P., H.S., Y. Liu, X.G., L.Z., Y. Li, H.H., Y.X., L.M., B.H.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoqing Guo
- From the Department of Neurology (J.C., S.P., H.S., Y. Liu, X.G., L.Z., Y. Li, H.H., Y.X., L.M., B.H.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lian Zhou
- From the Department of Neurology (J.C., S.P., H.S., Y. Liu, X.G., L.Z., Y. Li, H.H., Y.X., L.M., B.H.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- From the Department of Neurology (J.C., S.P., H.S., Y. Liu, X.G., L.Z., Y. Li, H.H., Y.X., L.M., B.H.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui He
- From the Department of Neurology (J.C., S.P., H.S., Y. Liu, X.G., L.Z., Y. Li, H.H., Y.X., L.M., B.H.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuanpeng Xia
- From the Department of Neurology (J.C., S.P., H.S., Y. Liu, X.G., L.Z., Y. Li, H.H., Y.X., L.M., B.H.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ling Mao
- From the Department of Neurology (J.C., S.P., H.S., Y. Liu, X.G., L.Z., Y. Li, H.H., Y.X., L.M., B.H.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bo Hu
- From the Department of Neurology (J.C., S.P., H.S., Y. Liu, X.G., L.Z., Y. Li, H.H., Y.X., L.M., B.H.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Bornachea O, Benitez-Amaro A, Vea A, Nasarre L, de Gonzalo-Calvo D, Escola-Gil JC, Cedo L, Iborra A, Martínez-Martínez L, Juarez C, Camara JA, Espinet C, Borrell-Pages M, Badimon L, Castell J, Llorente-Cortés V. Immunization with the Gly 1127-Cys 1140 amino acid sequence of the LRP1 receptor reduces atherosclerosis in rabbits. Molecular, immunohistochemical and nuclear imaging studies. Theranostics 2020; 10:3263-3280. [PMID: 32194867 PMCID: PMC7053206 DOI: 10.7150/thno.37305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The LRP1 (CR9) domain and, in particular, the sequence Gly1127-Cys1140 (P3) plays a critical role in the binding and internalization of aggregated LDL (agLDL). We aimed to evaluate whether immunization with P3 reduces high-fat diet (HFD)-induced atherosclerosis. Methods: Female New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits were immunized with a primary injection and four reminder doses (R1-R4) of IrP (irrelevant peptide) or P3 conjugated to the carrier. IrP and P3-immunized rabbits were randomly divided into a normal diet group and a HFD-fed group. Anti-P3 antibody levels were determined by ELISA. Lipoprotein profile, circulating and tissue lipids, and vascular pro-inflammatory mediators were determined using standardized methods while atherosclerosis was determined by confocal microscopy studies and non-invasive imaging (PET/CT and Doppler ultrasonography). Studies treating human macrophages (hMΦ) and coronary vascular smooth muscle cells (hcVSMC) with rabbit serums were performed to ascertain the potential impact of anti-P3 Abs on the functionality of these crucial cells. Results: P3 immunization specifically induced the production of anti-P3 antibodies (Abs) and did not alter the lipoprotein profile. HFD strongly induced cholesteryl ester (CE) accumulation in the aorta of both the control and IrP groups, and their serum dose-dependently raised the intracellular CE of hMΦ and hcVSMC, promoting TNFR1 and phospho-NF-kB (p65) overexpression. These HFD pro-inflammatory effects were dramatically decreased in the aorta of P3-immunized rabbits and in hMΦ and hcVSMC exposed to the P3 rabbit serums. Microscopy studies revealed that P3 immunization reduced the percentage of lipids, macrophages, and SMCs in the arterial intima, as well as the atherosclerotic extent and lesion area in the aorta. PET/CT and Doppler ultrasonography studies showed that the average standardized uptake value (SUVmean) of the aorta and the arterial resistance index (ARI) of the carotids were more upregulated by HFD in the control and IrP groups than the P3 group. Conclusions: P3 immunization counteracts HFD-induced fatty streak formation in rabbits. The specific blockade of the LRP1 (CR9) domain with Anti-P3 Abs dramatically reduces HFD-induced intracellular CE loading and harmful coupling to pro-inflammatory signaling in the vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Bornachea
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB). Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
- Lipids and Cardiovascular Pathology. Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau. Barcelona. Spain
| | - Aleyda Benitez-Amaro
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB). Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
- Lipids and Cardiovascular Pathology. Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau. Barcelona. Spain
| | - Angela Vea
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB). Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Nasarre
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB). Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - David de Gonzalo-Calvo
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB). Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
- Lipids and Cardiovascular Pathology. Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau. Barcelona. Spain
- CIBER enfermedades cardiovasculares (CIBERcv)
| | - Juan Carlos Escola-Gil
- Metabolic Basis of Cardiovascular Risk, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau. CIBER de Diabetes y enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Barcelona. Spain
| | - Lidia Cedo
- Metabolic Basis of Cardiovascular Risk, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau. CIBER de Diabetes y enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Barcelona. Spain
| | - Antoni Iborra
- SCAC, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Laura Martínez-Martínez
- Department of Immunology, Institut de Recerca and Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Candido Juarez
- Department of Immunology, Institut de Recerca and Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio Camara
- Preclinical Imaging Platform. Vall dHebron Institute of Research. Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carina Espinet
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institut de Diagnòstic per la Imatge (IDI), Hospital General Universitari Vall d'Hebrón, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Borrell-Pages
- CIBER enfermedades cardiovasculares (CIBERcv)
- Cardiovascular Program ICCC, Institut de Recerca Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lina Badimon
- CIBER enfermedades cardiovasculares (CIBERcv)
- Cardiovascular Program ICCC, Institut de Recerca Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
- Cardiovascular Research Chair, UAB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Castell
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institut de Diagnòstic per la Imatge (IDI), Hospital General Universitari Vall d'Hebrón, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vicenta Llorente-Cortés
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB). Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
- Lipids and Cardiovascular Pathology. Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau. Barcelona. Spain
- CIBER enfermedades cardiovasculares (CIBERcv)
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Lipocalin-2 exerts pro-atherosclerotic effects as evidenced by in vitro and in vivo experiments. Heart Vessels 2020; 35:1012-1024. [PMID: 31960147 DOI: 10.1007/s00380-020-01556-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Lipocalin-2 (LCN2), a multiple bioactive hormone particularly expressed in adipose tissue, neutrophils, and macrophages, is known to exhibit anti-microbial effect, increase inflammatory cytokine levels, and maintain glucose homeostasis. Serum LCN2 level is positively correlated with the severity of coronary artery disease. However, it still remains unknown whether LCN2 affects atherogenesis. We assessed the effects of LCN2 on the inflammatory response and monocyte adhesion in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), inflammatory phenotype and foam cell formation in THP1 monocyte-derived macrophages, and migration and proliferation of human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs) in vitro and aortic lesions in Apoe-/- mice in vivo. LCN2 and its receptor, low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-related protein-2, were expressed in THP1 monocytes, macrophages, HASMCs, and HUVECs. LCN2 significantly enhanced THP1 monocyte adhesion to HUVECs accompanied with upregulation of intercellular adhesion molecule-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, and E-selectin associated with nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) upregulation in HUVECs. LCN2 significantly increased HUVEC proliferation and oxidized LDL-induced foam cell formation in THP1 monocyte-derived macrophages. LCN2 significantly increased the inflammatory M1 phenotype associated with NF-κB upregulation during differentiation of THP1 monocytes into macrophages. In HASMCs, LCN2 significantly promoted the migration and collagen-1 expression without inducing proliferation, which are associated with increased protein expression of phosphoinositide 3-kinase and phosphorylation of Akt, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, c-jun-N-terminal kinase, and NF-κB. Chronic LCN2 infusion into Apoe-/- mice significantly accelerated the development of aortic atherosclerotic lesions, with increased intraplaque monocyte/macrophage infiltration and pentraxin-3 and collagen-1 expressions. Our results suggested that LCN2 accelerates the development of atherosclerosis. Thus, LCN2 could serve as a novel therapeutic target for atherosclerotic diseases.
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de Gonzalo-Calvo D, Elosua R, Vea A, Subirana I, Sayols-Baixeras S, Marrugat J, Llorente-Cortés V. Soluble low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 as a biomarker of coronary risk: Predictive capacity and association with clinical events. Atherosclerosis 2019; 287:93-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2019.06.904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Benitez-Amaro A, Pallara C, Nasarre L, Rivas-Urbina A, Benitez S, Vea A, Bornachea O, de Gonzalo-Calvo D, Serra-Mir G, Villegas S, Prades R, Sanchez-Quesada JL, Chiva C, Sabido E, Tarragó T, Llorente-Cortés V. Molecular basis for the protective effects of low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1)-derived peptides against LDL aggregation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2019; 1861:1302-1316. [PMID: 31077676 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2019.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Aggregated LDL is the first ligand reported to interact with the cluster II CR9 domain of low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1). In particular, the C-terminal half of domain CR9, comprising the region Gly1127-Cys1140 exclusively recognizes aggregated LDL and it is crucial for aggregated LDL binding. Our aim was to study the effect of the sequence Gly1127-Cys1140 (named peptide LP3 and its retro-enantio version, named peptide DP3) on the structural characteristics of sphingomyelinase- (SMase) and phospholipase 2 (PLA2)-modified LDL particles. Turbidimetry, gel filtration chromatography (GFC) and transmission electronic microscopy (TEM) analysis showed that LP3 and DP3 peptides strongly inhibited SMase- and PLA2-induced LDL aggregation. Nondenaturing polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis (GGE), agarose gel electrophoresis and high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) indicated that LP3 and DP3 prevented SMase-induced alterations in LDL particle size, electric charge and phospholipid content, respectively, but not those induced by PLA2. Western blot analysis showed that LP3 and DP3 counteracted changes in ApoB-100 conformation induced by the two enzymes. LDL proteomics (LDL trypsin digestion followed by mass spectroscopy) and computational modeling methods evidenced that peptides preserve ApoB-100 conformation due to their electrostatic interactions with a basic region of ApoB-100. These results demonstrate that LRP1-derived peptides are protective against LDL aggregation, even in conditions of extreme lipolysis, through their capacity to bind to ApoB-100 regions critical for ApoB-100 conformational preservation. These results suggests that these LRP1(CR9) derived peptides could be promising tools to prevent LDL aggregation induced by the main proteolytic enzymes acting in the arterial intima.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleyda Benitez-Amaro
- Group of Lipids and Cardiovascular Pathology, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Chiara Pallara
- Iproteos S.L., Barcelona Science Park (PCB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Nasarre
- Group of Lipids and Cardiovascular Pathology, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrea Rivas-Urbina
- Cardiovascular Biochemistry Group, Research Institute of the Hospital de Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sonia Benitez
- Cardiovascular Biochemistry Group, Research Institute of the Hospital de Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Angela Vea
- Group of Lipids and Cardiovascular Pathology, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Olga Bornachea
- Group of Lipids and Cardiovascular Pathology, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - David de Gonzalo-Calvo
- Group of Lipids and Cardiovascular Pathology, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERcv), Spain
| | - Gabriel Serra-Mir
- Protein Design and Immunotherapy Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sandra Villegas
- Protein Design and Immunotherapy Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roger Prades
- Iproteos S.L., Barcelona Science Park (PCB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Luís Sanchez-Quesada
- Cardiovascular Biochemistry Group, Research Institute of the Hospital de Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER DIABETES y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERdem), Spain
| | - Cristina Chiva
- Proteomics Unit, Centre de Regulació Genòmica, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduard Sabido
- Proteomics Unit, Centre de Regulació Genòmica, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Teresa Tarragó
- Iproteos S.L., Barcelona Science Park (PCB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vicenta Llorente-Cortés
- Group of Lipids and Cardiovascular Pathology, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERcv), Spain.
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Bornachea O, Vea A, Llorente-Cortes V. Interplay between epicardial adipose tissue, metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. CLINICA E INVESTIGACION EN ARTERIOSCLEROSIS 2018; 30:230-239. [PMID: 29903689 DOI: 10.1016/j.arteri.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Revised: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the primary cause of death in obese and diabetic patients. In these groups of patients, the alterations of epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) contribute to both vascular and myocardial dysfunction. Therefore, it is of clinical interest to determine the mechanisms by which EAT influences cardiovascular disease. Two key factors contribute to the tight intercommunication among EAT, coronary arteries and myocardium. One is the close anatomical proximity between these tissues. The other is the capacity of EAT to secrete cytokines and other molecules with paracrine and vasocrine effects on the cardiovascular system. Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that EAT thickness is associated with not only metabolic syndrome but also atherosclerosis and heart failure. The evaluation of EAT using imaging modalities, although effective, presents several disadvantages including radiation exposure, limited availability and elevated costs. Therefore, there is a clinical interest in EAT as a source of new biomarkers of cardiovascular and endocrine alterations. In this review, we revise the mechanisms involved in the protective and pathological role of EAT and present the molecules released by EAT with greater potential to become biomarkers of cardiometabolic alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Bornachea
- Institute of Biomedical Research IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IibB)-CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Angela Vea
- Institute of Biomedical Research IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vicenta Llorente-Cortes
- Institute of Biomedical Research IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IibB)-CSIC, Barcelona, Spain; CIBERCV, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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Soluble LRP1 is an independent biomarker of epicardial fat volume in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1054. [PMID: 29348672 PMCID: PMC5773567 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19230-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is a metabolically active tissue intimately associated with metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease. Quantification of EAT volume is an interesting clinical tool for the evaluation of cardiometabolic disease. Nevertheless, current methodology presents serious disadvantages. The soluble form of the receptor LRP1 (sLRP1) is a non-invasive biomarker of EAT in general population. Here, we analysed the potential of circulating sLRP1 as biomarker of EAT volume in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). The study included a well-characterized cohort of T1DM patients without clinical cardiovascular disease (N = 73). EAT volume was assessed by a multidetector computed tomography (MDCT). sLRP1 and panel of inflammatory and endocrine mediators were measured using commercially available ELISA. EAT volume showed a direct association with circulating sLRP1 (β = 0.398, P = 0.001) in univariate linear regression analysis. This association was higher than that observed for other potential inflammatory and endocrine biomarkers. Using multivariate linear regression analyses, we demonstrated that the association between EAT volume and circulating sLRP1 was independent of potential confounding factors, including age, sex, body mass index, CRP, HbA1c and LDL-C (P < 0.050 for all multivariate linear regression models). In conclusion, sLRP1 is an independent biomarker of EAT in T1DM patients.
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A common polymorphism decreases LRP1 mRNA stability and is associated with increased plasma factor VIII levels. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1863:1690-1698. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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de Gonzalo-Calvo D, Cenarro A, Garlaschelli K, Pellegatta F, Vilades D, Nasarre L, Camino-Lopez S, Crespo J, Carreras F, Leta R, Catapano AL, Norata GD, Civeira F, Llorente-Cortes V. Translating the microRNA signature of microvesicles derived from human coronary artery smooth muscle cells in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia and coronary artery disease. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2017; 106:55-67. [PMID: 28342976 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2017.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To analyze the impact of atherogenic lipoproteins on the miRNA signature of microvesicles derived from human coronary artery smooth muscle cells (CASMC) and to translate these results to familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) and coronary artery disease (CAD) patients. METHODS Conditioned media was collected after exposure of CASMC to atherogenic lipoproteins. Plasma samples were collected from two independent populations of diagnosed FH patients and matched normocholesterolemic controls (Study population 1, N=50; Study population 2, N=24) and a population of patients with suspected CAD (Study population 3, N=50). Extracellular vesicles were isolated and characterized using standard techniques. A panel of 30 miRNAs related to vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) (patho-)physiology was analyzed using RT-qPCR. RESULTS Atherogenic lipoproteins significantly reduced levels of miR-15b-5p, -24-3p, -29b-3p, -130a-3p, -143-3p, -146a-3p, -222-3p, -663a levels (P<0.050) in microvesicles (0.1μm-1μm in diameter) released by CASMC. Two of these miRNAs, miR-24-3p and miR-130a-3p, were reduced in circulating microvesicles from FH patients compared with normocholesterolemic controls in a pilot study (Study population 1) and in different validation studies (Study populations 1 and 2) (P<0.050). Supporting these results, plasma levels of miR-24-3p and miR-130a-3p were also downregulated in FH patients compared to controls (P<0.050). In addition, plasma levels of miR-130a-3p were inversely associated with coronary atherosclerosis in a cohort of suspected CAD patients (Study population 3) (P<0.050). CONCLUSIONS Exposure to atherogenic lipoproteins modifies the miRNA profile of CASMC-derived microvesicles and these alterations are reflected in patients with FH. Circulating miR-130a-3p emerges as a potential biomarker for coronary atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David de Gonzalo-Calvo
- Group of Lipids and Cardiovascular Pathology, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain; CIBERCV, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ana Cenarro
- CIBERCV, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Lipid Unit and Molecular Research Laboratory, IIS Aragón, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Katia Garlaschelli
- SISA Center for the Study of Atherosclerosis, Bassini Hospital, Cinisello B, Italy
| | - Fabio Pellegatta
- SISA Center for the Study of Atherosclerosis, Bassini Hospital, Cinisello B, Italy; IRCCS Multimedica, Milan, Italy
| | - David Vilades
- Cardiac Imaging Unit, Cardiology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Nasarre
- Group of Lipids and Cardiovascular Pathology, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sandra Camino-Lopez
- Catalan Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Crespo
- Catalan Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Carreras
- CIBERCV, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Cardiac Imaging Unit, Cardiology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rubén Leta
- Cardiac Imaging Unit, Cardiology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alberico Luigi Catapano
- IRCCS Multimedica, Milan, Italy; Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Danilo Norata
- SISA Center for the Study of Atherosclerosis, Bassini Hospital, Cinisello B, Italy; Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Fernando Civeira
- CIBERCV, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Lipid Unit and Molecular Research Laboratory, IIS Aragón, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Vicenta Llorente-Cortes
- Group of Lipids and Cardiovascular Pathology, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain; CIBERCV, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB) - Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain.
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Bejar MT, Hernández-Vera R, Vilahur G, Badimon L. Bone Marrow Cell Transplant From Donors With Cardiovascular Risk Factors Increases the Pro-atherosclerotic Phenotype in the Recipients. Am J Transplant 2016; 16:3392-3403. [PMID: 27421708 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.13962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Improvement of long-term survival after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation has revealed that these patients have an increased appearance of de novo cardiovascular risk factors. Even though in these clinical studies no relation to transplant-related factors has been found, no attention has been paid to the influence of cardiovascular risk factors affecting the bone marrow donors on the cardiovascular risk of the recipients. Thus, the aim of this study was to analyze, using an animal model, whether transplantation of bone marrow from donors with cardiovascular risk factors increases cardiovascular risk in healthy recipients. Results from transplantation experiments have shown that bone marrow from donors with cardiovascular risk factors induced pro-atherogenic modifications in the cholesterol profile of healthy recipients, increasing the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol fraction in comparison to those transplanted with control bone marrow. Moreover, bone marrow from donors with cardiovascular risk factors induced significant alterations in liver pro-inflammatory state and lipid metabolism-related gene expression that could contribute to alter cholesterol homeostasis. Altogether, these results suggest that cardiovascular risk factors in the donor confer a cardiometabolic alteration to their bone marrow cells that is transferred to noncardiovascular disease transplant recipients, affecting their liver function and increasing their cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Bejar
- Cardiovascular Research Center, CSIC-ICCC, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau (UAB) and IIB-Santpau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - R Hernández-Vera
- Cardiovascular Research Center, CSIC-ICCC, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau (UAB) and IIB-Santpau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - G Vilahur
- Cardiovascular Research Center, CSIC-ICCC, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau (UAB) and IIB-Santpau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - L Badimon
- Cardiovascular Research Center, CSIC-ICCC, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau (UAB) and IIB-Santpau, Barcelona, Spain.,Cardiovascular Research Chair, UAB, Barcelona, Spain
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Dissmore T, Seye CI, Medeiros DM, Weisman GA, Bradford B, Mamedova L. The P2Y2 receptor mediates uptake of matrix-retained and aggregated low density lipoprotein in primary vascular smooth muscle cells. Atherosclerosis 2016; 252:128-135. [PMID: 27522265 PMCID: PMC5060008 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.07.927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The internalization of aggregated low-density lipoproteins (agLDL) mediated by low-density lipoprotein receptor related protein (LRP1) may involve the actin cytoskeleton in ways that differ from the endocytosis of soluble LDL by the LDL receptor (LDLR). This study aims to define novel mechanisms of agLDL uptake through modulation of the actin cytoskeleton, to identify molecular targets involved in foam cell formation in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). The critical observation that formed the basis for these studies is that under pathophysiological conditions, nucleotide release from blood-derived and vascular cells activates SMC P2Y2 receptors (P2Y2Rs) leading to rearrangement of the actin cytoskeleton and cell motility. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that P2Y2R activation mediates agLDL uptake by VSMCs. METHODS Primary VSMCs were isolated from aortas of wild type (WT) C57BL/6 and.P2Y2R-/- mice to investigate whether P2Y2R activation modulates LRP1 expression. Cells were transiently transfected with cDNA encoding a hemagglutinin-tagged (HA-tagged) WT P2Y2R, or a mutant P2Y2R that unlike the WT P2Y2R does not bind the cytoskeletal actin-binding protein filamin-A (FLN-A). RESULTS P2Y2R activation significantly increased agLDL uptake, and LRP1 mRNA expression decreased in P2Y2R-/- VSMCs versus WT. SMCs, expressing P2Y2R defective in FLN-A binding, exhibit 3-fold lower LDLR expression levels than SMCs expressing WT P2Y2R, while cells transfected with WT P2Y2R show greater agLDL uptake in both WT and P2Y2R-/- VSMCs versus cells transfected with the mutant P2Y2R. CONCLUSIONS Together, these results show that both LRP1 and LDLR expression and agLDL uptake are regulated by P2Y2R in VSMCs, and that agLDL uptake due to P2Y2R activation is dependent upon cytoskeletal reorganization mediated by P2Y2R binding to FLN-A.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cheikh I Seye
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Denis M Medeiros
- School of Graduate Studies, University of Missouri, Kansas City, MO, United States
| | - Gary A Weisman
- Department of Biochemistry and Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, United States
| | - Barry Bradford
- Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Laman Mamedova
- Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States.
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Ganguly R, Wen AM, Myer AB, Czech T, Sahu S, Steinmetz NF, Raman P. Anti-atherogenic effect of trivalent chromium-loaded CPMV nanoparticles in human aortic smooth muscle cells under hyperglycemic conditions in vitro. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:6542-6554. [PMID: 26935414 PMCID: PMC5136293 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr00398b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, a major macrovascular complication associated with diabetes, poses a tremendous burden on national health care expenditure. Despite extensive efforts, cost-effective remedies are unknown. Therapies for atherosclerosis are challenged by a lack of targeted drug delivery approaches. Toward this goal, we turn to a biology-derived drug delivery system utilizing nanoparticles formed by the plant virus, Cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV). The aim herein is to investigate the anti-atherogenic potential of the beneficial mineral nutrient, trivalent chromium, loaded CPMV nanoparticles in human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMC) under hyperglycemic conditions. A non-covalent loading protocol is established yielding CrCl3-loaded CPMV (CPMV-Cr) carrying 2000 drug molecules per particle. Using immunofluorescence microscopy, we show that CPMV-Cr is readily taken up by HASMC in vitro. In glucose (25 mM)-stimulated cells, 100 nM CPMV-Cr inhibits HASMC proliferation concomitant to attenuated proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA, proliferation marker) expression. This is accompanied by attenuation in high glucose-induced phospho-p38 and pAkt expression. Moreover, CPMV-Cr inhibits the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), in glucose-stimulated HASMCs. Finally glucose-stimulated lipid uptake is remarkably abrogated by CPMV-Cr, revealed by Oil Red O staining. Together, these data provide key cellular evidence for an atheroprotective effect of CPMV-Cr in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) under hyperglycemic conditions that may promote novel therapeutic ventures for diabetic atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rituparna Ganguly
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, 4209 State Route 44, Rootstown, OH 44272-0095, USA. and School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
| | - Amy M Wen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, 10990 Euclid Avenue and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ashley B Myer
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, 4209 State Route 44, Rootstown, OH 44272-0095, USA.
| | - Tori Czech
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, 4209 State Route 44, Rootstown, OH 44272-0095, USA.
| | - Soumyadip Sahu
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, 4209 State Route 44, Rootstown, OH 44272-0095, USA. and School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
| | - Nicole F Steinmetz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, 10990 Euclid Avenue and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA and Department of Radiology, 10990 Euclid Avenue and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, 10990 Euclid Avenue and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA and Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, 10990 Euclid Avenue and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA and Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, 10990 Euclid Avenue and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Priya Raman
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, 4209 State Route 44, Rootstown, OH 44272-0095, USA. and School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
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Circulating soluble low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (sLRP1) concentration is associated with hypercholesterolemia: A new potential biomarker for atherosclerosis. Int J Cardiol 2015; 201:20-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.07.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Revised: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Alves MP, Schögler A, Ebener S, Vielle NJ, Casaulta C, Jung A, Moeller A, Geiser T, Regamey N. Comparison of innate immune responses towards rhinovirus infection of primary nasal and bronchial epithelial cells. Respirology 2015; 21:304-12. [DOI: 10.1111/resp.12692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Revised: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco P. Alves
- Department of Clinical ResearchUniversity Hospital of Bern Bern Switzerland
- Division of Pediatric Respiratory MedicineUniversity Children's Hospital Bern Switzerland
| | - Aline Schögler
- Department of Clinical ResearchUniversity Hospital of Bern Bern Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical SciencesUniversity Hospital of Bern Bern Switzerland
- Division of Pediatric Respiratory MedicineUniversity Children's Hospital Bern Switzerland
| | - Simone Ebener
- Department of Clinical ResearchUniversity Hospital of Bern Bern Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical SciencesUniversity Hospital of Bern Bern Switzerland
- Division of Pediatric Respiratory MedicineUniversity Children's Hospital Bern Switzerland
| | - Nathalie J. Vielle
- Department of Clinical ResearchUniversity Hospital of Bern Bern Switzerland
- Division of Pediatric Respiratory MedicineUniversity Children's Hospital Bern Switzerland
| | - Carmen Casaulta
- Division of Pediatric Respiratory MedicineUniversity Children's Hospital Bern Switzerland
| | - Andreas Jung
- Division of Respiratory MedicineUniversity Children's Hospital Zürich Switzerland
| | - Alexander Moeller
- Division of Respiratory MedicineUniversity Children's Hospital Zürich Switzerland
| | - Thomas Geiser
- Department of Clinical ResearchUniversity Hospital of Bern Bern Switzerland
- Division of Respiratory MedicineUniversity Hospital of Bern Bern Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Regamey
- Department of Clinical ResearchUniversity Hospital of Bern Bern Switzerland
- Children's Hospital Lucerne Lucerne Switzerland
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Zheng J, Zhou H, Zhao Y, Lun Q, Liu B, Tu P. Triterpenoid-enriched extract of Ilex kudingcha inhibits aggregated LDL-induced lipid deposition in macrophages by downregulating low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1). J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Costales P, Fuentes-Prior P, Castellano J, Revuelta-Lopez E, Corral-Rodríguez MÁ, Nasarre L, Badimon L, Llorente-Cortes V. K Domain CR9 of Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) Receptor-related Protein 1 (LRP1) Is Critical for Aggregated LDL-induced Foam Cell Formation from Human Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:14852-65. [PMID: 25918169 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.638361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP1) mediates the internalization of aggregated LDL (AgLDL), which in turn increases the expression of LRP1 in human vascular smooth muscle cells (hVSMCs). This positive feedback mechanism is thus highly efficient to promote the formation of hVSMC foam cells, a crucial vascular component determining the susceptibility of atherosclerotic plaque to rupture. Here we have determined the LRP1 domains involved in AgLDL recognition with the aim of specifically blocking AgLDL internalization in hVSMCs. The capacity of fluorescently labeled AgLDL to bind to functional LRP1 clusters was tested in a receptor-ligand fluorometric assay made by immobilizing soluble LRP1 "minireceptors" (sLRP1-II, sLRP1-III, and sLRP1-IV) recombinantly expressed in CHO cells. This assay showed that AgLDL binds to cluster II. We predicted three well exposed and potentially immunogenic peptides in the CR7-CR9 domains of this cluster (termed P1 (Cys(1051)-Glu(1066)), P2 (Asp(1090)-Cys(1104)), and P3 (Gly(1127)-Cys(1140))). AgLDL, but not native LDL, bound specifically and tightly to P3-coated wells. Rabbit polyclonal antibodies raised against P3 prevented AgLDL uptake by hVSMCs and were almost twice as effective as anti-P1 and anti-P2 Abs in reducing intracellular cholesteryl ester accumulation. Moreover, anti-P3 Abs efficiently prevented AgLDL-induced LRP1 up-regulation and counteracted the down-regulatory effect of AgLDL on hVSMC migration. In conclusion, domain CR9 appears to be critical for LRP1-mediated AgLDL binding and internalization in hVSMCs. Our results open new avenues for an innovative anti-VSMC foam cell-based strategy for the treatment of vascular lipid deposition in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Costales
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, CSIC-ICCC, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), 08025 Barcelona, Spain and
| | - Pablo Fuentes-Prior
- the Molecular Bases of Disease, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose Castellano
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, CSIC-ICCC, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), 08025 Barcelona, Spain and
| | - Elena Revuelta-Lopez
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, CSIC-ICCC, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), 08025 Barcelona, Spain and
| | - Maria Ángeles Corral-Rodríguez
- the Molecular Bases of Disease, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Nasarre
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, CSIC-ICCC, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), 08025 Barcelona, Spain and
| | - Lina Badimon
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, CSIC-ICCC, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), 08025 Barcelona, Spain and
| | - Vicenta Llorente-Cortes
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, CSIC-ICCC, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), 08025 Barcelona, Spain and
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Borrell-Pagès M, Romero JC, Badimon L. LRP5 deficiency down-regulates Wnt signalling and promotes aortic lipid infiltration in hypercholesterolaemic mice. J Cell Mol Med 2015; 19:770-7. [PMID: 25656427 PMCID: PMC4395191 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 (LRP5) is a member of the LDLR family that orchestrates cholesterol homoeostasis. The role of LRP5 and the canonical Wnt pathway in the vascular wall of dyslipidaemic animals remains unknown. In this study, we analysed the role of LRP5 and the Wnt signalling pathway in mice fed a hypercholesterolaemic diet (HC) to trigger dyslipidaemia. We show that Lrp5−/− mice had larger aortic lipid infiltrations than wild-type mice, indicating a protective role for LRP5 in the vascular wall. Three members of the LDLR family, Lrp1, Vldlr and Lrp6, showed up-regulated gene expression levels in aortas of Lrp5−/− mice fed a hypercholesterolaemic diet. HC feeding in Lrp5−/− mice induced higher macrophage infiltration in the aortas and accumulation of inflammatory cytokines in blood. Wnt/β-CATENIN signalling proteins were down-regulated in HC Lrp5−/− mice indicating that LRP5 regulates the activation of Wnt signalling in the vascular wall. In conclusion, our findings show that LRP5 and the canonical Wnt pathway down-regulation regulate the dyslipidaemic profile by promoting lipid and macrophage retention in the vessel wall and increasing leucocyte-driven systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Borrell-Pagès
- Cardiovascular Research Center, CSIC-ICCC, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
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Schögler A, Kopf BS, Edwards MR, Johnston SL, Casaulta C, Kieninger E, Jung A, Moeller A, Geiser T, Regamey N, Alves MP. Novel antiviral properties of azithromycin in cystic fibrosis airway epithelial cells. Eur Respir J 2014; 45:428-39. [PMID: 25359346 DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00102014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Virus-associated pulmonary exacerbations, often associated with rhinoviruses (RVs), contribute to cystic fibrosis (CF) morbidity. Currently, there are only a few therapeutic options to treat virus-induced CF pulmonary exacerbations. The macrolide antibiotic azithromycin has antiviral properties in human bronchial epithelial cells. We investigated the potential of azithromycin to induce antiviral mechanisms in CF bronchial epithelial cells. Primary bronchial epithelial cells from CF and control children were infected with RV after azithromycin pre-treatment. Viral RNA, interferon (IFN), IFN-stimulated gene and pattern recognition receptor expression were measured by real-time quantitative PCR. Live virus shedding was assessed by assaying the 50% tissue culture infective dose. Pro-inflammatory cytokine and IFN-β production were evaluated by ELISA. Cell death was investigated by flow cytometry. RV replication was increased in CF compared with control cells. Azithromycin reduced RV replication seven-fold in CF cells without inducing cell death. Furthermore, azithromycin increased RV-induced pattern recognition receptor, IFN and IFN-stimulated gene mRNA levels. While stimulating antiviral responses, azithromycin did not prevent virus-induced pro-inflammatory responses. Azithromycin pre-treatment reduces RV replication in CF bronchial epithelial cells, possibly through the amplification of the antiviral response mediated by the IFN pathway. Clinical studies are needed to elucidate the potential of azithromycin in the management and prevention of RV-induced CF pulmonary exacerbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Schögler
- Division of Paediatric Respiratory Medicine, University Children's Hospital, Berne, Switzerland Dept of Clinical Research, University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland
| | - Brigitte S Kopf
- Division of Paediatric Respiratory Medicine, University Children's Hospital, Berne, Switzerland Dept of Clinical Research, University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland
| | - Michael R Edwards
- Airway Disease Infection Section, MRC and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma and Centre for Respiratory Infection, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Sebastian L Johnston
- Airway Disease Infection Section, MRC and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma and Centre for Respiratory Infection, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Carmen Casaulta
- Division of Paediatric Respiratory Medicine, University Children's Hospital, Berne, Switzerland
| | - Elisabeth Kieninger
- Division of Paediatric Respiratory Medicine, University Children's Hospital, Berne, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Jung
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Moeller
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Geiser
- Dept of Clinical Research, University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland Dept of Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital Berne, Berne, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Regamey
- Division of Paediatric Respiratory Medicine, University Children's Hospital, Berne, Switzerland Dept of Clinical Research, University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland These authors contributed equally
| | - Marco P Alves
- Division of Paediatric Respiratory Medicine, University Children's Hospital, Berne, Switzerland Dept of Clinical Research, University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland These authors contributed equally
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Roura S, Cal R, Gálvez-Montón C, Revuelta-Lopez E, Nasarre L, Badimon L, Bayes-Genis A, Llorente-Cortés V. Inverse relationship between raft LRP1 localization and non-raft ERK1,2/MMP9 activation in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy: potential impact in ventricular remodeling. Int J Cardiol 2014; 176:805-14. [PMID: 25131918 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.07.270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Revised: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDCM) is characterized by adverse ventricular remodeling attributed to altered activity of extracellular matrix metalloproteinase (MMP). MMP overactivation is linked to changes in extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK), reportedly modulated by the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) receptor. The aim of this work was to compare the levels, membrane distribution and interactions of LRP1, ERK1,2 and MMP2/9 in control and IDCM myocardium. METHODS Left ventricle samples from IDCM patients and control subjects were collected to analyze gene and protein expression by Real-time PCR and Western blot, respectively. Fractions enriched in cholesterol, Flotillin-1 and Caveolin-3 (rafts) were isolated from the remaining membrane (non-rafts) by sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation. We assessed the formation of LRP1-ERK1,2 complexes and MMP activity by immunoprecipitation and zymography, respectively. RESULTS In control myocardium, LRP1 was exclusively found in non-rafts while activation of ERK1,2 was preferentially detected in rafts. LRP1/p-ERK1,2 complexes were almost undetectable in rafts and non-rafts. In contrast, in IDCM myocardium, LRP1 moved to rafts and ERK1,2 activation was found in raft and non-raft fractions. Moreover, LRP1/p-ERK1,2 complexes were also found in both membrane fractions, although the amount was higher in non-rafts where MMP9 overactivation was exclusively detected. CONCLUSIONS The presented findings demonstrate a differential membrane compartmentalisation of ERK signaling in IDCM myocardium. The movement of LRP1 to rafts and the concomitant increase in non-raft-related ERK1,2/MMP9 activation may have crucial clinical implications in the progression of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Roura
- ICREC Research Program, Fundació Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
| | - Roi Cal
- Cardiovascular Research Center, CSIC-ICCC, IIB-Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau-UAB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carolina Gálvez-Montón
- ICREC Research Program, Fundació Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
| | - Elena Revuelta-Lopez
- Cardiovascular Research Center, CSIC-ICCC, IIB-Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau-UAB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Nasarre
- Cardiovascular Research Center, CSIC-ICCC, IIB-Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau-UAB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lina Badimon
- Cardiovascular Research Center, CSIC-ICCC, IIB-Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau-UAB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antoni Bayes-Genis
- ICREC Research Program, Fundació Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain; Cardiology Service, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain; Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vicenta Llorente-Cortés
- Cardiovascular Research Center, CSIC-ICCC, IIB-Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau-UAB, Barcelona, Spain.
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Emonard H, Théret L, Bennasroune AH, Dedieu S. Regulation of LRP-1 expression: make the point. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 62:84-90. [PMID: 24661974 DOI: 10.1016/j.patbio.2014.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 (LRP-1) is a membrane receptor displaying both scavenging and signaling functions. The wide variety of extracellular ligands and of cytoplasmic scaffolding and signaling proteins interacting with LRP-1 gives it a major role not only in physiological processes, such as embryogenesis and development, but also in critical pathological situations, including cancer and neurological disorders. In this review, we describe the molecular mechanisms involved at distinct levels in the regulation of LRP-1, from its expression to the proper location and stability at the cell surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Emonard
- UMR CNRS 7369, unité MEDyC (matrice extracellulaire et dynamique cellulaire), université de Reims-Champagne-Ardenne (URCA), UFR sciences exactes et naturelles, campus Moulin-de-la-Housse, BP 1039, 51687 Reims cedex 2, France
| | - L Théret
- UMR CNRS 7369, unité MEDyC (matrice extracellulaire et dynamique cellulaire), université de Reims-Champagne-Ardenne (URCA), UFR sciences exactes et naturelles, campus Moulin-de-la-Housse, BP 1039, 51687 Reims cedex 2, France
| | - A H Bennasroune
- UMR CNRS 7369, unité MEDyC (matrice extracellulaire et dynamique cellulaire), université de Reims-Champagne-Ardenne (URCA), UFR sciences exactes et naturelles, campus Moulin-de-la-Housse, BP 1039, 51687 Reims cedex 2, France
| | - S Dedieu
- UMR CNRS 7369, unité MEDyC (matrice extracellulaire et dynamique cellulaire), université de Reims-Champagne-Ardenne (URCA), UFR sciences exactes et naturelles, campus Moulin-de-la-Housse, BP 1039, 51687 Reims cedex 2, France.
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Nasarre L, Juan-Babot O, Gastelurrutia P, Llucia-Valldeperas A, Badimon L, Bayes-Genis A, Llorente-Cortés V. Low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 is upregulated in epicardial fat from type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and correlates with glucose and triglyceride plasma levels. Acta Diabetol 2014; 51:23-30. [PMID: 23096408 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-012-0436-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2011] [Accepted: 10/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Lipoprotein receptor expression plays a crucial role in the pathophysiology of adipose tissue in in vivo models of diabetes. However, there are no studies in diabetic patients. The aims of this study were to analyze (a) low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) and very low-density lipoprotein receptor (VLDLR) expression in epicardial and subcutaneous fat from type 2 diabetes mellitus compared with nondiabetic patients and (b) the possible correlation between the expression of these receptors and plasmatic parameters. Adipose tissue biopsy samples were obtained from diabetic (n = 54) and nondiabetic patients (n = 22) undergoing cardiac surgery before the initiation of cardiopulmonary bypass. Adipose LRP1 and VLDLR expression was analyzed at mRNA level by real-time PCR and at protein level by Western blot analysis. Adipose samples were also subjected to lipid extraction, and fat cholesterol ester, triglyceride, and free cholesterol contents were analyzed by thin-layer chromatography. LRP1 expression was higher in epicardial fat from diabetic compared with nondiabetic patients (mRNA 17.63 ± 11.37 versus 7.01 ± 4.86; P = 0.02; protein 11.23 ± 7.23 versus 6.75 ± 5.02, P = 0.04). VLDLR expression was also higher in epicardial fat from diabetic patients but only at mRNA level (231.25 ± 207.57 versus 56.64 ± 45.64, P = 0.02). No differences were found in the expression of LRP1 or VLDLR in the subcutaneous fat from diabetic compared with nondiabetic patients. Epicardial LRP1 and VLDLR mRNA overexpression positively correlated with plasma triglyceride levels (R(2) = 0.50, P = 0.01 and R(2) = 0.44, P = 0.03, respectively) and epicardial LRP1 also correlated with plasma glucose levels (R(2) = 0.33, P = 0.03). These results suggest that epicardial overexpression of certain lipoprotein receptors such as LRP1 and VLDLR expression may play a key role in the alterations of lipid metabolism associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Nasarre
- Cardiovascular Research Center, CSIC-ICCC, IIB-Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, UAB, Sant Antoni Mª Claret, 167, 08025, Barcelona, Spain
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Aledo R, Costales P, Ciudad C, Noé V, Llorente-Cortes V, Badimon L. Molecular and functional characterization of LRP1 promoter polymorphism c.1-25 C>G (rs138854007). Atherosclerosis 2014; 233:178-85. [PMID: 24529141 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2013.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Revised: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The transcription of the Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP1) is upregulated by aggregated LDL (agLDL) and angiotensin II (AngII) in human vascular smooth muscle cells (hVSMC). The polymorphism c.1-25C>G creates a new GC-box in the LRP1 promoter recognized by Sp1/Sp3 transcription factors. The aims of this study were 1) to evaluate the impact of c.1-25C>G polymorphism on LRP1 transcriptional activity and expression, and 2) to examine the response of c.1-25C>G LRP1 promoter to LDL and AngII. EMSA and Luciferase assays in HeLa cells showed that -25G promoter has enhanced basal transcriptional activity and specific Sp1/Sp3 binding. hVSMC with GG genotype (GG-hVSMC) had higher LRP1 mRNA and protein levels, respectively than CC genotype (CC-hVSMC). EMSA assays showed that the polymorphism determines scarce amount of SRE-B/SREBP-2 complex formation and the failure of agLDL to further reduce these SRE-B/SREBP-2 complexes. Taken together, these results suggest that c.1-25C>G, by difficulting SREBP-2 binding, prevents SREBP-2 displacement required for LRP1 promoter response to LDL. In contrast, c.1-25C>G strongly favours Sp1/Sp3 binding and AngII-induced activity in Sp1/Sp3 dependent manner in GG-hVSMC. This increase is functionally translated into a higher capacity of GG-hVSMC to become foam cells from agLDL in presence of AngII. These results suggest that c.1-25C>G determines a lack of response to agLDL and an exacerbated response to AngII. It is thus conceivable that the presence of the polymorphism would be easily translated to vascular alterations in the presence of the pro-hypertensive autacoid, AngII.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Aledo
- Cardiovascular Research Center, CSIC-ICCC, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Sant Antoni Mª Claret, 167, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
| | - P Costales
- Cardiovascular Research Center, CSIC-ICCC, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Sant Antoni Mª Claret, 167, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Ciudad
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, School of Pharmacy, IBUB, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - V Noé
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, School of Pharmacy, IBUB, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - V Llorente-Cortes
- Cardiovascular Research Center, CSIC-ICCC, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Sant Antoni Mª Claret, 167, 08025 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - L Badimon
- Cardiovascular Research Center, CSIC-ICCC, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Sant Antoni Mª Claret, 167, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
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Revuelta-López E, Castellano J, Roura S, Gálvez-Montón C, Nasarre L, Benitez S, Bayes-Genis A, Badimon L, Llorente-Cortés V. Hypoxia Induces Metalloproteinase-9 Activation and Human Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Migration Through Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor–Related Protein 1–Mediated Pyk2 Phosphorylation. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2013; 33:2877-87. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.113.302323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Revuelta-López
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, CSIC-ICCC, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (E.R.-L., J.C., L.N., L.B.); ICREC Research Program, Fundació Institut d´Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain (S.R., C.G.-M., A.B.-G.); and Cardiovascular Biochemistry Group, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (S.B.)
| | - José Castellano
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, CSIC-ICCC, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (E.R.-L., J.C., L.N., L.B.); ICREC Research Program, Fundació Institut d´Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain (S.R., C.G.-M., A.B.-G.); and Cardiovascular Biochemistry Group, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (S.B.)
| | - Santiago Roura
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, CSIC-ICCC, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (E.R.-L., J.C., L.N., L.B.); ICREC Research Program, Fundació Institut d´Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain (S.R., C.G.-M., A.B.-G.); and Cardiovascular Biochemistry Group, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (S.B.)
| | - Carolina Gálvez-Montón
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, CSIC-ICCC, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (E.R.-L., J.C., L.N., L.B.); ICREC Research Program, Fundació Institut d´Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain (S.R., C.G.-M., A.B.-G.); and Cardiovascular Biochemistry Group, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (S.B.)
| | - Laura Nasarre
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, CSIC-ICCC, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (E.R.-L., J.C., L.N., L.B.); ICREC Research Program, Fundació Institut d´Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain (S.R., C.G.-M., A.B.-G.); and Cardiovascular Biochemistry Group, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (S.B.)
| | - Sonia Benitez
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, CSIC-ICCC, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (E.R.-L., J.C., L.N., L.B.); ICREC Research Program, Fundació Institut d´Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain (S.R., C.G.-M., A.B.-G.); and Cardiovascular Biochemistry Group, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (S.B.)
| | - Antoni Bayes-Genis
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, CSIC-ICCC, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (E.R.-L., J.C., L.N., L.B.); ICREC Research Program, Fundació Institut d´Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain (S.R., C.G.-M., A.B.-G.); and Cardiovascular Biochemistry Group, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (S.B.)
| | - Lina Badimon
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, CSIC-ICCC, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (E.R.-L., J.C., L.N., L.B.); ICREC Research Program, Fundació Institut d´Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain (S.R., C.G.-M., A.B.-G.); and Cardiovascular Biochemistry Group, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (S.B.)
| | - Vicenta Llorente-Cortés
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, CSIC-ICCC, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (E.R.-L., J.C., L.N., L.B.); ICREC Research Program, Fundació Institut d´Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain (S.R., C.G.-M., A.B.-G.); and Cardiovascular Biochemistry Group, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (S.B.)
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de Gonzalo-Calvo D, Revuelta-López E, Llorente-Cortés V. [Basic mechanisms. Regulation and clearance of lipoproteins that contain apolipoprotein B]. CLINICA E INVESTIGACION EN ARTERIOSCLEROSIS : PUBLICACION OFICIAL DE LA SOCIEDAD ESPANOLA DE ARTERIOSCLEROSIS 2013; 25:194-200. [PMID: 23768652 DOI: 10.1016/j.arteri.2013.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2013] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- David de Gonzalo-Calvo
- Cardiovascular Research Center, CSIC-ICCC, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, España
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Moon JH, Kim HJ, Kim HM, Choi SH, Lim S, Park YJ, Jang HC, Cha BS. Decreased expression of hepatic low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 in hypothyroidism: a novel mechanism of atherogenic dyslipidemia in hypothyroidism. Thyroid 2013; 23:1057-65. [PMID: 23517243 PMCID: PMC3770248 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2012.0457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The atherogenic effects of hypothyroidism on lipid metabolism could result, in part, from the reduced clearance of remnant lipoproteins. In this study, we investigated the expression of hepatic low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1), a receptor for remnant lipoproteins, in hypothyroidism and the effect of 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine (T3) treatment on hepatic LRP1 expression. METHODS C57BL/6 mice were fed a normal diet (control group) or a low-iodine diet supplemented with 0.15% propylthiouracil (PTU/LI group) for 4 weeks. Mice in the PTU/LI group were injected intraperitoneally with T3 (0, 30, and 150 μg/kg of body weight) for 7 days. HepG2 cells were incubated in fetal bovine serum or charcoal-stripped fetal bovine serum with various concentrations of T3. The expression and function of LRP1 in liver samples and cells were analyzed. RESULTS Hypothyroidism was successfully induced in PTU/LI mice. Hepatic LRP1 protein expression was lower in the PTU/LI group than in the control group. T3 treatment upregulated hepatic LRP1 protein expression in PTU/LI mice. LRP1 expression in HepG2 cells was reduced after incubation in the medium containing charcoal-stripped fetal bovine serum, which mimics hypothyroidism in vitro, and was recovered by T3 treatment. The protein expression of LRP1 in HepG2 cells was increased by T3 treatment in a dose-dependent manner up to 2.0 nM T3. However, LRP1 mRNA transcription was not affected by hypothyroidism conditions or T3 treatment, either in liver samples or in HepG2 cells. T3 treatment on HepG2 cells increased cellular uptake of lipid-conjugated apolipoprotein E through LRP1. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate that hepatic LRP1 expression and function decrease in hypothyroidism and are regulated by the thyroid hormone. These results suggest that in hypothyroidism, decreased expression of hepatic LRP1 may be associated with reduced clearance of circulating remnant lipoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hoon Moon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Kyunggi-do, Korea
| | - Hyung Jun Kim
- Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Min Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Hee Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Kyunggi-do, Korea
| | - Soo Lim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Kyunggi-do, Korea
| | - Young Joo Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hak Chul Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Kyunggi-do, Korea
| | - Bong Soo Cha
- Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Lugano R, Peña E, Casani L, Badimon L, Padró T. UPA promotes lipid-loaded vascular smooth muscle cell migration through LRP-1. Cardiovasc Res 2013; 100:262-71. [PMID: 23812296 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvt171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is a crucial event in atherosclerosis and vascular repair. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) infiltrated in the vessel wall become aggregated (agLDL) and internalized by VSMC through the LDL receptor-related protein LRP1, deriving in lipid-loaded cells with reduced motility capacity. The urokinase-plasminogen activator (UPA)/UPA receptor (UPAR) system plays a relevant role in vascular remodelling. Here, we investigated whether UPA-ligand binding is involved in the detrimental effects of lipid loading in VSMC migration. METHODS AND RESULTS Animals fed a high-fat diet had 10-fold higher cholesterol-LDL plasma levels, >60% decrease in aortic UPA-protein expression, and VSMC showed impaired outgrowth from aortic explants. Angiotensin II infusion significantly increased aortic UPA expression and accelerated VSMC migration. Using an in vitro model of wound repair, we showed that agLDL inhibits UPA-mediated VSMC migration. UPA silencing reduced migration in control cells to levels observed in lipid-loaded VSMC. UPA silencing did not affect migration in lipid-loaded VSMC. UPA expression was significantly decreased in agLDL-exposed VSMC. agLDL also induced changes in the subcellular localization of UPA, with a reduction in colocalization with UPAR strongly evident at the front edge of agLDL-treated migrating cells. Rescue experiments showed that UPA acting as UPAR ligand restored migration capacity of agLDL-VSMC to control levels. The effects of UPA/UPAR on migration of lipid-loaded cells occurred through the binding to LRP-1. CONCLUSION UPA-ligand binding regulates VSMC migration, a process that is interfered by LDL. Thus, tissue infiltrated LDL through the abrogation of UPA function reduces VSMC-regulated vascular repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Lugano
- Cardiovascular Research Center , CSIC-ICCC, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Av. S. Antoni M. Claret, 167, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
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Cal R, García-Arguinzonis M, Revuelta-López E, Castellano J, Padró T, Badimon L, Llorente-Cortés V. Aggregated Low-Density Lipoprotein Induces LRP1 Stabilization Through E3 Ubiquitin Ligase CHFR Downregulation in Human Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2013; 33:369-77. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.112.300748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roi Cal
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center of Barcelona, CSIC-ICCC, IIB-SantPau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maisa García-Arguinzonis
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center of Barcelona, CSIC-ICCC, IIB-SantPau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Revuelta-López
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center of Barcelona, CSIC-ICCC, IIB-SantPau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Castellano
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center of Barcelona, CSIC-ICCC, IIB-SantPau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Teresa Padró
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center of Barcelona, CSIC-ICCC, IIB-SantPau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lina Badimon
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center of Barcelona, CSIC-ICCC, IIB-SantPau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vicenta Llorente-Cortés
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center of Barcelona, CSIC-ICCC, IIB-SantPau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
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Samouillan V, Dandurand J, Nasarre L, Badimon L, Lacabanne C, Llorente-Cortés V. Lipid loading of human vascular smooth muscle cells induces changes in tropoelastin protein levels and physical structure. Biophys J 2013; 103:532-540. [PMID: 22947869 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2012.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2012] [Revised: 06/12/2012] [Accepted: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aggregated low-density lipoprotein (agLDL), one of the main LDL modifications in the arterial intima, contributes to massive intracellular cholesteryl ester (CE) accumulation in human vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC), which are major producers of elastin in the vascular wall. Our aim was to analyze the levels, physical structure, and molecular mobility of tropoelastin produced by agLDL-loaded human VSMC (agLDL-VSMC) versus that produced by control VSMC. Western blot analysis demonstrated that agLDL reduced VSMC-tropoelastin protein levels by increasing its degradation rate. Moreover, our results demonstrated increased levels of precursor and mature forms of cathepsin S in agLDL-VSMC. Fourier transform infrared analysis revealed modifications in the secondary structures of tropoelastin produced by lipid-loaded VSMCs. Thermal and dielectric analyses showed that agLDL-VSMC tropoelastin has decreased glass transition temperatures and distinct chain dynamics that, in addition to a loss of thermal stability, lead to strong changes in its mechanical properties. In conclusion, agLDL lipid loading of human vascular cells leads to an increase in cathepsin S production concomitantly with a decrease in cellular tropoelastin protein levels and dramatic changes in secreted tropoelastin physical structure. Therefore, VSMC-lipid loading likely determines alterations in the mechanical properties of the vascular wall and plays a crucial role in elastin loss during atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Samouillan
- Physique des Polymères, Institut Carnot, CIRIMAT UMR 5085, Université Paul Sabatier, Tolouse, France.
| | - Jany Dandurand
- Physique des Polymères, Institut Carnot, CIRIMAT UMR 5085, Université Paul Sabatier, Tolouse, France
| | - Laura Nasarre
- Cardiovascular Research Center, CSIC-ICCC, IIB-Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lina Badimon
- Cardiovascular Research Center, CSIC-ICCC, IIB-Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Colette Lacabanne
- Physique des Polymères, Institut Carnot, CIRIMAT UMR 5085, Université Paul Sabatier, Tolouse, France
| | - Vicenta Llorente-Cortés
- Cardiovascular Research Center, CSIC-ICCC, IIB-Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.
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47
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Costales P, Castellano J, Revuelta-López E, Cal R, Aledo R, Llampayas O, Nasarre L, Juarez C, Badimon L, Llorente-Cortés V. Lipopolysaccharide downregulates CD91/low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 expression through SREBP-1 overexpression in human macrophages. Atherosclerosis 2012; 227:79-88. [PMID: 23312784 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2012.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2012] [Revised: 12/11/2012] [Accepted: 12/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs) negatively modulate the expression of the CD91/low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP1), a carrier and signaling receptor that mediates the endocytosis of more than 40 structurally and functionally distinct ligands. The aim of this work was to analyze whether lipopolysaccharide (LPS) can regulate LRP1 expression through SREBPs in human monocyte-derived macrophages (HMDM). LPS led to LRP1 mRNA and protein inhibition in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Concomitantly, a strong upregulation of SREBP-1 mRNA and SREBP-1 nuclear protein levels was observed in LPS-treated HMDM. The specific silencing of SREBP-1 efficiently prevented LRP1 reduction caused by LPS. SREBP-1 mRNA and nuclear protein levels remained high in HMDM treated with LPS unexposed or exposed to LDL. Native (nLDL) or aggregated LDL (agLDL) per se downregulated SREBP-2 expression levels and increased LRP1 expression. However, lipoproteins did not significantly alter the effect of LPS on SREBP-1 and LRP1 expression. Collectively, these data support that lipoproteins and LPS exert their modulatory effect on LRP1 expression through different SREBP isoforms, SREBP-2 and SREBP-1, respectively. These results highlight a crucial role of SREBP-1 as a mediator of the downregulatory effects of LPS on LRP1 expression in human macrophages, independently of the absence or presence of modified lipoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Costales
- Cardiovascular Research Center, CSIC-ICCC, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
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48
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Gopalakrishnan R, Chandra NC. Estradiol regulates insulin dependent stimulation of LDL-receptor expression in HepG(2) cells. Indian J Clin Biochem 2012; 21:8-14. [PMID: 23105564 DOI: 10.1007/bf02913061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The low density lipoprotein, one of the major vehicle for extraneous cholesterol, internalizes into the cells through the process of LDL-receptor mediated endocytosis. The expression of LDL-receptor on the cell surface is a function of various hormone regulated transcription of the receptor gene. The present study elucidates the differential expression pattern of LDL-receptor protein in human hepatoma HepG(2) cells by the influence of two hormones, insulin and estrogen (β-estradiol), as compared to the basal level expression of the receptor protein. The combined effect of insulin and β-estradiol reveals that β-estradiol is the ultimate regulator between these two hormones and supershades the message of insulin on LDL-receptor expression. The receptor protein level immunobloted by anti LDL-receptor antibody after treating cells with insulin, β-estradiol and mixture of both also reflects the same phenomena. This comparative study makes it consistent that cell saturation with sterol (β-estradiol) is the prime regulator of LDL-receptor expression between the two hormones, insulin and estrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, 110 029 New Delhi, India
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49
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Llorente-Cortes V, Barbarigo V, Badimon L. Low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 modulates the proliferation and migration of human hepatic stellate cells. J Cell Physiol 2012; 227:3528-33. [PMID: 22392894 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Human hepatic stellate cells (HHSCs) proliferation and migration play a key role in the pathogenesis of liver inflammation and fibrogenesis. Low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP1) is an endocytic receptor involved in intracellular signal transduction. The aim of this work was to analyse the role of low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP1) in HHSCs proliferation and migration and the mechanisms involved. Human LRP1 deficient-HHSCs were generated by nucleofecting the line HHSCs with siRNA anti-LRP1. HHSCs DNA synthesis was measured by [(3) H]-thymidine incorporation and cell cycle progression by flow cytometry after annexin V and iodure propidium staining. Cell migration was assessed using a wound repair model system. LRP1 expression and extracellular matrix-regulated kinase (ERK1,2) phosphorylation were analysed by Western blot analysis. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) extracellular levels were analysed by ELISA. siRNA-antiLRP1 treatment almost completely inhibited LRP1 mRNA and protein expression. LRP1 deficient HHSCs showed higher proliferative response (172 ± 19 vs. 93 ± 8 [(3) H]-thymidine incorporation; 78.68% vs. 82.69% in G0/G1, 21.32% vs. 17.30% in G2/S) and higher migration rates than control HHSCs. LRP1 deficient cells showed higher levels of phosphorylated ERK1,2. TGF-β extracellular levels were threefold higher in LRP1-deficient than in control HHSCs cells. These results demonstrate that LRP1 regulates HHSCs proliferation and migration through modulation of ERK1,2 phosphorylation and TGF-β extracellular levels. These results suggest that HHSCs-LRP1 may play a key role in the modulation of factors determining hepatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Llorente-Cortes
- Cardiovascular Research Center of Barcelona, CSIC-ICCC, IIB-Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.
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50
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Lugano R, Peña E, Badimon L, Padró T. Aggregated low-density lipoprotein induce impairment of the cytoskeleton dynamics through urokinase-type plasminogen activator/urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor in human vascular smooth muscle cell. J Thromb Haemost 2012; 10:2158-67. [PMID: 22906080 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2012.04896.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urokinase-type plasminogen activator (UPA) regulates vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) functions relevant in vascular remodeling by facilitating proteolysis at the cell surface and inducing cell signaling pathways. Our previous results demonstrated that aggregated low-density lipoprotein (agLDL) impair cytoskeleton dynamics, a key event contributing to VSMC behavior during progression of atherosclerotic plaques. OBJECTIVES To investigate whether mechanisms underlying inhibition of cytoskeleton dynamics in lipid-loaded VSMC occurs through a UPA-mediated process. METHODS Adhesion assay was performed in lipid-loaded human VSMC after 16-h exposition to agLDL (100 μg mL(-1)). Protein subcellular localization and actin-fiber formation were assessed by confocal microscopy. For analysis of protein expression western blots were carried out. Co-immunoprecipitates of UPAR were examined by one-dimensional- or two-dimensional electrophoresis (1-DE or 2-DE), mass spectrometry MALDI-TOF and western blot. RESULTS agLDL induced UPA subcellular delocalization and significantly decreased UPA levels during attachment of VSMC. UPA (enhanced endogenous-expression or exogenous added) acting as a urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (UPAR)-ligand restored actin-cytoskeleton organization and adhesion capacity of lipid-loaded cells to control levels. UPAR co-immunoprecipitated with the unphosphorylated form of myosin regulatory light chain (MRLC) in lipid-loaded cells. The detrimental effects of agLDL on MRLC phosphorylation were reversed by high levels of UPA. The UPA effects on VSMC exposed to agLDL involved FAK phosphorylation. CONCLUSIONS The detrimental effects of atherogenic LDL on VSMC are mediated by a decrease and delocalization of the UPA-UPAR interaction that result in an impairment of cytoskeleton dynamics and adhesion capacity affecting cell phenotype and function.
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MESH Headings
- Atherosclerosis/genetics
- Atherosclerosis/metabolism
- Blotting, Western
- Cell Adhesion
- Cells, Cultured
- Cytoskeleton/metabolism
- Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional
- Focal Adhesion Kinase 1/metabolism
- Humans
- Immunoprecipitation
- Lipoproteins, LDL/metabolism
- Microscopy, Confocal
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myosin Light Chains/metabolism
- Phenotype
- Phosphorylation
- Protein Binding
- Protein Transport
- RNA Interference
- Receptors, Urokinase Plasminogen Activator/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
- Time Factors
- Transfection
- Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator/genetics
- Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- R Lugano
- Cardiovascular Research Center (CSIC-ICCC), Biomedical Research Institute Sant- Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
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