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Kothari V, Savard C, Tang J, Lee SP, Subramanian S, Wang S, den Hartigh LJ, Bornfeldt KE, Ioannou GN. sTREM2 is a plasma biomarker for human NASH and promotes hepatocyte lipid accumulation. Hepatol Commun 2023; 7:e0265. [PMID: 37820278 PMCID: PMC10578746 DOI: 10.1097/hc9.0000000000000265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pathogenetic mechanisms of the progression of NAFL to advanced NASH coupled with potential noninvasive biomarkers and novel therapeutic targets are active areas of investigation. The recent finding that increased plasma levels of a protein shed by myeloid cells -soluble Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid cells 2 (sTREM2) -may be a biomarker for NASH has received much interest. We aimed to test sTREM2 as a biomarker for human NASH and investigate the role of sTREM2 in the pathogenesis of NASH. METHODS We conducted studies in both humans (comparing patients with NASH vs. NAFL) and in mice (comparing different mouse models of NASH) involving measurements of TREM2 gene and protein expression levels in the liver as well as circulating sTREM2 levels in plasma. We investigated the pathogenetic role of sTREM2 in hepatic steatosis using primary hepatocytes and bone marrow derived macrophages. RESULTS RNA sequencing analysis of livers from patients with NASH or NAFL as well as livers from 2 mouse models of NASH revealed elevated TREM2 expression in patients/mice with NASH as compared with NAFL. Plasma levels of sTREM2 were significantly higher in a well-characterized cohort of patients with biopsy-proven NASH versus NAFL (area under receiver-operating curve 0.807). Mechanistic studies revealed that cocultures of primary hepatocytes and macrophages with an impaired ability to shed sTREM2 resulted in reduced hepatocyte lipid droplet formation on palmitate stimulation, an effect that was counteracted by the addition of exogenous sTREM2 chimeric protein. Conversely, exogenous sTREM2 chimeric protein increased lipid droplet formation, triglyceride content, and expression of the lipid transporter CD36 in hepatocytes. Furthermore, inhibition of CD36 markedly attenuated sTREM2-induced lipid droplet formation in mouse primary hepatocytes. CONCLUSIONS Elevated levels of sTREM2 due to TREM2 shedding may directly contribute to the pathogenesis of NAFLD by promoting hepatocyte lipid accumulation, as well as serving as a biomarker for distinguishing patients with NASH versus NAFL. Further investigation of sTREM2 as a clinically useful diagnostic biomarker and of the therapeutic effects of targeting sTREM2 in NASH is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Kothari
- Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Christopher Savard
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Research and Development, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jingjing Tang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Sum P. Lee
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Savitha Subramanian
- Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Shari Wang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Laura J. den Hartigh
- Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Karin E. Bornfeldt
- Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - George N. Ioannou
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Research and Development, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Garcia C, Andersen CJ, Blesso CN. The Role of Lipids in the Regulation of Immune Responses. Nutrients 2023; 15:3899. [PMID: 37764683 PMCID: PMC10535783 DOI: 10.3390/nu15183899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid metabolism plays a major role in the regulation of the immune system. Exogenous (dietary and microbial-derived) and endogenous (non-microbial-derived) lipids play a direct role in regulating immune cell activation, differentiation and expansion, and inflammatory phenotypes. Understanding the complexities of lipid-immune interactions may have important implications for human health, as certain lipids or immune pathways may be beneficial in circumstances of acute infection yet detrimental in chronic inflammatory diseases. Further, there are key differences in the lipid effects between specific immune cell types and location (e.g., gut mucosal vs. systemic immune cells), suggesting that the immunomodulatory properties of lipids may be tissue-compartment-specific, although the direct effect of dietary lipids on the mucosal immune system warrants further investigation. Importantly, there is recent evidence to suggest that lipid-immune interactions are dependent on sex, metabolic status, and the gut microbiome in preclinical models. While the lipid-immune relationship has not been adequately established in/translated to humans, research is warranted to evaluate the differences in lipid-immune interactions across individuals and whether the optimization of lipid-immune interactions requires precision nutrition approaches to mitigate or manage disease. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms by which lipids regulate immune responses and the influence of dietary lipids on these processes, highlighting compelling areas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Christopher N. Blesso
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA; (C.G.); (C.J.A.)
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Kruppa P, Gohlke S, Łapiński K, Garcia-Carrizo F, Soultoukis GA, Infanger M, Schulz TJ, Ghods M. Lipedema stage affects adipocyte hypertrophy, subcutaneous adipose tissue inflammation and interstitial fibrosis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1223264. [PMID: 37575263 PMCID: PMC10417720 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1223264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Lipedema is a painful subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) disease characterized by adipocyte hypertrophy, immune cell recruitment, and fibrosis in the affected areas. These features are thought to contribute to the development and progression of the condition. However, the relationship between lipedema disease stage and the associated adipose tissue changes has not been determined so far. Methods SAT biopsies of 32 lipedema patients, ranging across the pathological stages I to III, and 14 BMI- and age-matched controls were harvested from lipedema-affected thighs and non-symptomatic lower abdominal regions. Histological and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining and expression analysis of markers for adipogenesis, immunomodulation, and fibrosis were performed on the tissue biopsies. Results Lipedema patients showed increased adipocyte areas and a stage-dependent shift towards larger cell sizes in the thighs. Lipedema SAT was linked with increased interstitial collagen accumulation in the thighs, but not the lower abdominal region when compared to controls. There was a trend toward progressive SAT fibrosis of the affected thighs with increasing lipedema stage. Elevated gene expression levels of macrophage markers were found for thigh SAT biopsies, but not in the abdominal region. IHC staining of lipedema thigh biopsies confirmed a transiently elevated macrophage polarization towards an M2-like (anti-inflammatory) phenotype. Conclusions In summary, lipedema SAT is associated with stage-dependent adipocyte hypertrophy, stage-progressive interstitial fibrosis and elevated proportion of M2-like macrophages. The character of the inflammatory response differs from primary obesity and may possess an essential role in the development of lipedema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Kruppa
- Department of Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Microsurgery/Hand Surgery, Hospital Ernst von Bergmann, Potsdam, Germany
- Department of Adipocyte Development and Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE) Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany
- Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Department of Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Sabrina Gohlke
- Department of Adipocyte Development and Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE) Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Kamila Łapiński
- Department of Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Microsurgery/Hand Surgery, Hospital Ernst von Bergmann, Potsdam, Germany
- Department of Adipocyte Development and Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE) Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany
- Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Department of Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Francisco Garcia-Carrizo
- Department of Adipocyte Development and Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE) Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München, Germany
| | - George A. Soultoukis
- Department of Adipocyte Development and Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE) Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Manfred Infanger
- Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Department of Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Tim J. Schulz
- Department of Adipocyte Development and Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE) Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München, Germany
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Mojtaba Ghods
- Department of Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Microsurgery/Hand Surgery, Hospital Ernst von Bergmann, Potsdam, Germany
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Tabacco S, Ambrosii S, Polsinelli V, Fantasia I, D’Alfonso A, Ludovisi M, Cecconi S, Guido M. Pre-Eclampsia: From Etiology and Molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Tools-A Review of the Literature. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:6202-6215. [PMID: 37623210 PMCID: PMC10453909 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45080391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Pre-eclampsia is a severe pregnancy-related complication that manifests as a syndrome with multisystem involvement and damage. It has significantly grown in frequency during the past 30 years and could be considered as one of the major causes of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. However, the specific etiology and molecular mechanisms of pre-eclampsia are still poorly known and could have a variety of causes, such as altered angiogenesis, inflammations, maternal infections, obesity, metabolic disorders, gestational diabetes, and autoimmune diseases. Perhaps the most promising area under investigation is the imbalance of maternal angiogenic factors and its effects on vascular function, though studies in placental oxidative stress and maternal immune response have demonstrated intriguing findings. However, to determine the relative importance of each cause and the impact of actions aiming to significantly reduce the incidence of this illness, more research is needed. Moreover, it is necessary to better understand the etiologies of each subtype of pre-eclampsia as well as the pathophysiology of other major obstetrical syndromes to identify a clinical tool able to recognize patients at risk of pre-eclampsia early.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Tabacco
- Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, San Salvatore Hospital, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Silvia Ambrosii
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Valentina Polsinelli
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Ilaria Fantasia
- Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, San Salvatore Hospital, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Angela D’Alfonso
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Manuela Ludovisi
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Sandra Cecconi
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Maurizio Guido
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
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Hsu CC, Fidler TP, Kanter JE, Kothari V, Kramer F, Tang J, Tall AR, Bornfeldt KE. Hematopoietic NLRP3 and AIM2 Inflammasomes Promote Diabetes-Accelerated Atherosclerosis, but Increased Necrosis Is Independent of Pyroptosis. Diabetes 2023; 72:999-1011. [PMID: 37083999 PMCID: PMC10281813 DOI: 10.2337/db22-0962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Serum apolipoprotein C3 (APOC3) predicts incident cardiovascular events in people with type 1 diabetes, and silencing of APOC3 prevents both lesion initiation and advanced lesion necrotic core expansion in a mouse model of type 1 diabetes. APOC3 acts by slowing the clearance of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, but lipid-free APOC3 has recently been reported to activate an inflammasome pathway in monocytes. We therefore investigated the contribution of hematopoietic inflammasome pathways to atherosclerosis in mouse models of type 1 diabetes. LDL receptor-deficient diabetes mouse models were transplanted with bone marrow from donors deficient in NOD, LRR and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3), absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) or gasdermin D (GSDMD), an inflammasome-induced executor of pyroptotic cell death. Mice with diabetes exhibited inflammasome activation and consistently, increased plasma interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-18. Hematopoietic deletions of NLRP3, AIM2, or GSDMD caused smaller atherosclerotic lesions in diabetic mice. The increased lesion necrotic core size in diabetic mice was independent of macrophage pyroptosis because hematopoietic GSDMD deficiency failed to prevent necrotic core expansion in advanced lesions. Our findings demonstrate that AIM2 and NLRP3 inflammasomes contribute to atherogenesis in diabetes and suggest that necrotic core expansion is independent of macrophage pyroptosis. ARTICLE HIGHLIGHTS The contribution of hematopoietic cell inflammasome activation to atherosclerosis associated with type 1 diabetes is unknown. The goal of this study was to address whether hematopoietic NOD, LRR, and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3), absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) inflammasomes, or the pyroptosis executioner gasdermin D (GSDMD) contributes to atherosclerosis in mouse models of type 1 diabetes. Diabetic mice exhibited increased inflammasome activation, with hematopoietic deletions of NLRP3, AIM2, or GSDMD causing smaller atherosclerotic lesions in diabetic mice, but the increased lesion necrotic core size in diabetic mice was independent of macrophage pyroptosis. Further studies on whether inflammasome activation contributes to cardiovascular complications in people with type 1 diabetes are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Chieh Hsu
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Trevor P. Fidler
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Jenny E. Kanter
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Vishal Kothari
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Farah Kramer
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Jingjing Tang
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Alan R. Tall
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Karin E. Bornfeldt
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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den Hartigh LJ, May KS, Zhang XS, Chait A, Blaser MJ. Serum amyloid A and metabolic disease: evidence for a critical role in chronic inflammatory conditions. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1197432. [PMID: 37396595 PMCID: PMC10311072 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1197432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Serum amyloid A (SAA) subtypes 1-3 are well-described acute phase reactants that are elevated in acute inflammatory conditions such as infection, tissue injury, and trauma, while SAA4 is constitutively expressed. SAA subtypes also have been implicated as playing roles in chronic metabolic diseases including obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease, and possibly in autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and inflammatory bowel disease. Distinctions between the expression kinetics of SAA in acute inflammatory responses and chronic disease states suggest the potential for differentiating SAA functions. Although circulating SAA levels can rise up to 1,000-fold during an acute inflammatory event, elevations are more modest (∼5-fold) in chronic metabolic conditions. The majority of acute-phase SAA derives from the liver, while in chronic inflammatory conditions SAA also derives from adipose tissue, the intestine, and elsewhere. In this review, roles for SAA subtypes in chronic metabolic disease states are contrasted to current knowledge about acute phase SAA. Investigations show distinct differences between SAA expression and function in human and animal models of metabolic disease, as well as sexual dimorphism of SAA subtype responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J. den Hartigh
- Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Karolline S. May
- Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Xue-Song Zhang
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Alan Chait
- Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Martin J. Blaser
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States
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Dorfman MD, Monfeuga T, Melhorn SJ, Kanter JE, Frey JM, Fasnacht RD, Chandran A, Lala E, Velasco I, Rubinow KB, Meek TH, Schur EA, Bornfeldt KE, Thaler JP. Central androgen action reverses hypothalamic astrogliosis and atherogenic risk factors induced by orchiectomy and high-fat diet feeding in male mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2023; 324:E461-E475. [PMID: 37053049 PMCID: PMC10202485 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00059.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Hypogonadism in males confers elevated cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk by unknown mechanisms. Recent radiological evidence suggests that low testosterone (T) is associated with mediobasal hypothalamic (MBH) gliosis, a central nervous system (CNS) cellular response linked to metabolic dysfunction. To address mechanisms linking CNS androgen action to CVD risk, we generated a hypogonadal, hyperlipidemic mouse model with orchiectomy (ORX) combined with hepatic PCSK9 overexpression. After 4 wk of high-fat, high-sucrose diet (HFHS) consumption, despite equal body weights and glucose tolerance, androgen-deficient ORX mice had a more atherogenic lipid profile and increased liver and leukocyte inflammatory signaling compared with sham-operated control mice. Along with these early CVD risk indicators, ORX markedly amplified HFHS-induced astrogliosis in the MBH. Transcriptomic analysis further revealed that ORX and high-fat diet feeding induced upregulation of inflammatory pathways and downregulation of metabolic pathways in hypothalamic astrocytes. To interrogate the role of sex steroid signaling in the CNS in cardiometabolic risk and MBH inflammation, central infusion of T and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) was performed on ORX mice. Central DHT prevented MBH astrogliosis and reduced the liver inflammatory signaling and monocytosis induced by HFHS and ORX; T had a partial protective effect. Finally, a cross-sectional study in 41 adult men demonstrated a positive correlation between radiological evidence of MBH gliosis and plasma lipids. These findings demonstrate that T deficiency in combination with a Western-style diet promotes hypothalamic gliosis concomitant with increased atherogenic risk factors and provide supportive evidence for regulation of lipid metabolism and cardiometabolic risk determinants by the CNS action of sex steroids.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study provides evidence that hypothalamic gliosis is a key early event through which androgen deficiency in combination with a Western-style diet might lead to cardiometabolic dysregulation in males. Furthermore, this work provides the first evidence in humans of a positive association between hypothalamic gliosis and LDL-cholesterol, advancing our knowledge of CNS influences on CVD risk progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio D Dorfman
- UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | | | - Susan J Melhorn
- UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Jenny E Kanter
- UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Jeremy M Frey
- UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Rachael D Fasnacht
- UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | | | - Emaad Lala
- UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Inmaculada Velasco
- UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Katya B Rubinow
- UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Thomas H Meek
- Novo Nordisk Research Centre Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ellen A Schur
- UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Karin E Bornfeldt
- UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Joshua P Thaler
- UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
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Barania Adabi S, Daneghian S, Khalkhali H, Nejadrahim R, Shivappa N. The association between inflammatory and immune system biomarkers and the dietary inflammatory index in patients with COVID-19. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1075061. [PMID: 37063325 PMCID: PMC10103612 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1075061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundInflammation and cytokine storm have been reported to be the main cause of acute symptoms of coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Diet-induced inflammation may affect the condition of patients with COVID-19. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between disease severity, inflammatory and immune system biomarkers, and the dietary inflammatory index (DII) in patients with COVID-19.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted on 500 adult patients with COVID-19. Patients were divided into mild, moderate, and severe conditions based on clinical and laboratory evidence. A validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to determine DII and energy-adjusted DII (E-DII) scores. The serum C-reactive protein (CRP) level and blood cell count were measured for all patients. Multiple linear regression was used to explore the association between DII and E-DII and CRP, blood cell counts, and hospitalization in patients with COVID-19.ResultsCoronavirus disease (COVID-19) patients with higher DII had higher consumption of fat and carbohydrate and lower intakes of protein, anti-inflammatory nutrients, garlic, caffeine, tea, onion, and fiber (P < 0.05). There was a positive association between DII and CRP (β = 1.024, P < 0.001), hospitalization (β = 1.062, P < 0.001), WBC count (β = 0.486, P < 0.009), neutrophil count (β = 0.565, P < 0.001), and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (β = 0.538, P < 0.001) and a negative association between DII and the lymphocyte count (β = −0.569, P < 0.001). There was a positive association between E-DII and hospitalization (β = 1.645, P < 0.001), WBC count (β = 0.417, P < 0.02), and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (β = 0.35, P < 0.03).ConclusionThere is a positive correlation between DII and inflammation, immune hyperactivation, and length of hospital stay in patients with COVID-19. Further longitudinal studies are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayyeh Barania Adabi
- Maternal and Childhood Obesity Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Sevana Daneghian
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
- Food and Beverages Safety Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
- *Correspondence: Sevana Daneghian
| | | | - Rahim Nejadrahim
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Dermatology, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Nitin Shivappa
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
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Zhou Q, Li B, Li J. DLL4-Notch signalling in acute-on-chronic liver failure: State of the art and perspectives. Life Sci 2023; 317:121438. [PMID: 36709913 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a syndrome characterized by acute decompensation of chronic liver disease associated with multiple-organ failures and high short-term mortality. Acute insults to patients with chronic liver disease can lead to ACLF, among which, hepatitis B virus-related ACLF is the most common type of liver failure in the Asia-Pacific region. Currently, immune-metabolism disorders and systemic inflammation are proposed to be the main mechanisms of ACLF. The resulting cholestasis and intrahepatic microcirculatory dysfunction accelerate the development of ACLF. Treatments targeting immune regulation, metabolic balance, microcirculation maintenance and bile duct repair can alleviate inflammation and restore the tissue structure. An increasing number of studies have demonstrated that delta-like ligand 4 (DLL4), one of the Notch signalling ligands, plays a vital role in immune regulation, metabolism, angiogenesis, and biliary regeneration, which participate in liver pathological and physiological processes. The detailed mechanism of the DLL4-Notch signalling pathway in ACLF has rarely been investigated. Here, we review the evidence showing that DLL4-Notch signalling is involved in ACLF and analyse the potential role of DLL4 in the treatment of ACLF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Bingqi Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou 310003, China; Precision Medicine Center of Taizhou Central Hospital, Taizhou University Medical School, Taizhou, China.
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10
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Rahimi S, Angaji SA, Majd A, Hatami B, Baghaei K. Evaluating the effect of basic fibroblast growth factor on the progression of NASH disease by inhibiting ceramide synthesis and ER stress-related pathways. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 942:175536. [PMID: 36693552 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is associated with intrahepatic lipid accumulation, inflammation, and hepatocyte death. Several studies have indicated that high-fat diets increase ceramide synthases-6 (CerS-6) expression and a concomitant elevation of C16-ceramides, which can modulate endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and further contribute to the progression of NASH. Ceramide levels have reportedly been impacted by basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in various diseases. This study looked into the role of bFGF on CerS6/C16-ceramide and ER stress-related pathways in a mouse model of NASH. Male C57BL/6J mice were fed a western diet (WD) combined with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) for eight weeks. Next, bFGF was injected into the NASH mice for seven days of continuous treatment. The effects of bFGF on NASH endpoints (including steatosis, inflammation, ballooning, and fibrosis), ceramide levels and ER-stress-induced inflammation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and apoptosis were evaluated. Treatment with bFGF significantly reduced CerS-6/C16-ceramide. Further, the inflammatory condition was alleviated with reduction of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) gene expression. ROS level was also reduced. ER stress-related cell death diminished by reducing C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) mRNA expression and caspase 3 activity. Furthermore, activation of the hepatic stellate cells was inhibited in the bFGF-treated mice by lowering the amount of alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) at the mRNA and protein level. According to our findings, CerS-6/C16-ceramide alteration impacts ER stress-mediated inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. The bFGF treatment effectively attenuated the development of NASH by downregulating CerS-6/C16-ceramide and subsequent ER stress-related pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahrzad Rahimi
- Department of Genetic, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, 1651153311, Iran
| | - Seyyed Abdolhamid Angaji
- Department of Genetic, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, 1651153311, Iran; Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, 1571914911, Iran
| | - Ahmad Majd
- Department of Biology, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, 1651153311, Iran
| | - Behzad Hatami
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1985717413, Iran
| | - Kaveh Baghaei
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1985717413, Iran; Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1985717413, Iran.
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11
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Wang K, Xiang Q, Hu L, Wang L, Zhang Y. Frequency of Egg Intake Associated with Mortality in Chinese Adults: An 8-Year Nationwide Cohort Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:14777. [PMID: 36429496 PMCID: PMC9690384 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192214777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Whether egg consumption plays a beneficial/detrimental role in affecting human health and longevity has been debated for decades. Large-scale cohort evidence from low- and middle-income populations are scarce. In this study, we aimed to assess the association of egg consumption with mortality in Chinese adults. A nationwide cohort of 30,835 participants ages 16-110 years were enrolled from 25 provincial regions in China's mainland. Dietary intake (e.g., egg, meat, vegetable) was assessed by a food-frequency questionnaire. Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine associations between egg consumption and mortality, adjusting for demographic characteristics, dietary factors and health status. Dose-response relationships were investigated using the smoothing function of restricted cubic splines. Several subgroup analyses were performed. A total of 1651 all-cause deaths occurred during a median follow-up of 8.1 years. Egg consumption was associated with lower risks of mortality, with the lowest risk occurring in the group of moderate egg intake (3-6 times/week). Compared with non-consumers, the hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for mortality were 0.84 (0.72-0.97) for 3-6 times/week and 0.82 (0.69-0.98) for ≥7 times/week, whereas no significant associations were observed among the lower egg intake group (1-2/week). An approximately inverted J-shaped association was observed in three models, while restricting our analysis in the multivariable model (model 3) did not identify a significant violation for the linear relationship (p for nonlinear = 0.122). There were no statistically significant effect modifications in the subgroup analyses. Egg consumption may be associated with lower risks of mortality in Chinese adults. Our findings found moderate-to-high egg consumption might be beneficial for improving long-term health and longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Wang
- Department of Nursing, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Qianqian Xiang
- Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Lan Hu
- Department of Nursing, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Lu Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Arts and Sciences, Xiangyang 441053, China
| | - Yunquan Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
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12
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A Freshwater Fish-Based Diet Alleviates Liver Steatosis by Modulating Gut Microbiota and Metabolites: A Clinical Randomized Controlled Trial in Chinese Participants With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Am J Gastroenterol 2022; 117:1621-1631. [PMID: 35973188 PMCID: PMC9531978 DOI: 10.14309/ajg.0000000000001885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We aimed to assess the effects of 2 isoenergetic intervention diets (a freshwater fish-based diet [F group] or freshwater fish-based and red meat-based diets alternately [F/M group]) on liver steatosis and their relationship with intestinal flora in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). METHODS In this open-label, 84-day randomized controlled trial, 34 NAFLD patients with hepatic steatosis ≥10% were randomly assigned to the F group or F/M group in a 1:1 ratio using a computer-generated random number allocation by a researcher not involved in the study. Liver fat content and gut microbiota and its metabolites were measured. RESULTS At the end of intervention, the absolute reduction of hepatic steatosis was significantly greater in the F group than in the F/M group (-4.89% vs -1.83%, P = 0.032). Of the 16 secondary clinical outcomes, the improvement in 7 in the F group was greater compared with the F/M group, including alanine aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyl transferase. Furthermore, dietary freshwater fish and red meat consumption alternately did not exacerbate NAFLD. Moreover, changes in the enrichment of Faecalibacterium, short-chain fatty acids, and unconjugated bile acids and the depletion of Prevotella 9 and conjugated bile acids in the F group were significantly greater compared with the F/M group. DISCUSSION Higher intake of freshwater fish may be beneficial to NAFLD by regulating gut microbiota and its metabolites, whereas intake of a similar total of animal protein and fat from the alternating freshwater fish and red meat may not be harmful for NAFLD in the dietary management of patients with NAFLD.
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13
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10,12-conjugated linoleic acid supplementation improves HDL composition and function in mice. J Lipid Res 2022; 63:100241. [PMID: 35714730 PMCID: PMC9283942 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2022.100241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with inflammation, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes, which are major risk factors for CVD. One dietary component of ruminant animal foods, 10,12-conjugated linoleic acid (10,12 CLA), has been shown to promote weight loss in humans. Previous work has shown that 10,12 CLA is atheroprotective in mice by a mechanism that may be distinct from its weight loss effects, but this exact mechanism is unclear. To investigate this, we evaluated HDL composition and function in obese LDL receptor (Ldlr−/−) mice that were losing weight because of 10,12 CLA supplementation or caloric restriction (CR; weight-matched control group) and in an obese control group consuming a high-fat high-sucrose diet. We show that 10,12 CLA-HDL exerted a stronger anti-inflammatory effect than CR- or high-fat high-sucrose-HDL in cultured adipocytes. Furthermore, the 10,12 CLA-HDL particle (HDL-P) concentration was higher, attributed to more medium- and large-sized HDL-Ps. Passive cholesterol efflux capacity of 10,12 CLA-HDL was elevated, as was expression of HDL receptor scavenger receptor class B type 1 in the aortic arch. Murine macrophages treated with 10,12 CLA in vitro exhibited increased expression of cholesterol transporters Abca1 and Abcg1, suggesting increased cholesterol efflux potential of these cells. Finally, proteomics analysis revealed elevated Apoa1 content in 10,12 CLA-HDL-Ps, consistent with a higher particle concentration, and particles were also enriched with alpha-1-antitrypsin, an emerging anti-inflammatory and antiatherosclerotic HDL-associated protein. We conclude that 10,12 CLA may therefore exert its atheroprotective effects by increasing HDL-P concentration, HDL anti-inflammatory potential, and promoting beneficial effects on cholesterol efflux.
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Zhao B, Gan L, Graubard BI, Männistö S, Albanes D, Huang J. Associations of Dietary Cholesterol, Serum Cholesterol, and Egg Consumption With Overall and Cause-Specific Mortality: Systematic Review and Updated Meta-Analysis. Circulation 2022; 145:1506-1520. [PMID: 35360933 PMCID: PMC9134263 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.121.057642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite substantial research highlighting the importance of exogenous dietary cholesterol intake and endogenous serum cholesterol level in human health, a thorough evaluation of the associations is lacking. Our study objective was to examine overall and cause-specific mortality in relation to dietary and serum cholesterol, as well as egg consumption, and conduct an updated meta-regression analysis of cohort studies. METHODS We conducted a prospective analysis of 27 078 men in the ATBC Study (Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention). Multivariable-controlled cause-specific Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to calculate hazard ratios and 31-year absolute mortality risk differences. A systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies was also performed (PROSPERO [URL: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/; Unique identifier: CRD42021272756]). RESULTS Based on 482 316 person-years of follow-up, we identified 22 035 deaths, including 9110 deaths from cardiovascular disease (CVD). Greater dietary cholesterol and egg consumption were associated with increased risk of overall and CVD-related mortality. Hazard ratios for each additional 300 mg cholesterol intake per day were 1.10 and 1.13 for overall and CVD-related mortality, respectively; for each additional 50-g egg consumed daily, hazard ratios were 1.06 and 1.09, respectively, for overall and CVD-related mortality (all P values<0.0001). After multivariable adjustment, higher serum total cholesterol concentrations were associated with increased risk of CVD-related mortality (hazard ratios per 1 SD increment, 1.14; P<0.0001). The observed associations were generally similar across cohort subgroups. The updated meta-analysis of cohort studies on the basis of 49 risk estimates, 3 601 401 participants, and 255 479 events showed consumption of 1 additional 50-g egg daily was associated with significantly increased CVD risk (pooled relative risk, 1.04 [95% CI, 1.00-1.08]; I2=80.1%). In the subgroup analysis of geographic regions (Pinteraction=0.02), an increase of 50-g egg consumed daily was associated with a higher risk of CVD in US cohorts (pooled relative risk, 1.08 [95% CI, 1.02-1.14]) and appeared related to a higher CVD risk in European cohorts with borderline significance (pooled relative risk, 1.05), but was not associated with CVD risk in Asian cohorts. CONCLUSIONS In this prospective cohort study and updated meta-analysis, greater dietary cholesterol and egg consumption were associated with increased risk of overall and CVD-related mortality. Our findings support restricted consumption of dietary cholesterol as a means to improve long-term health and longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhao
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Lu Gan
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Barry I. Graubard
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Satu Männistö
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Demetrius Albanes
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jiaqi Huang
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China,Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Alston MC, Redman LM, Sones JL. An Overview of Obesity, Cholesterol, and Systemic Inflammation in Preeclampsia. Nutrients 2022; 14:2087. [PMID: 35631228 PMCID: PMC9143481 DOI: 10.3390/nu14102087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE), an inflammatory state during pregnancy, is a significant cause of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Adverse outcomes associated with PE include hypertension, proteinuria, uterine/placental abnormalities, fetal growth restriction, and pre-term birth. Women with obesity have an increased risk of developing PE likely due to impaired placental development from altered metabolic homeostasis. Inflammatory cytokines from maternal adipose tissue and circulating cholesterol have been linked to systemic inflammation, hypertension, and other adverse outcomes associated with PE. This review will summarize the current knowledge on the role of nutrients, obesity, and cholesterol signaling in PE with an emphasis on findings from preclinical models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan C. Alston
- Departments of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA;
- Reproductive Endocrinology and Women’s Health Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA;
| | - Leanne M. Redman
- Reproductive Endocrinology and Women’s Health Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA;
| | - Jennifer L. Sones
- Departments of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA;
- Reproductive Endocrinology and Women’s Health Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA;
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16
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Serum Amyloid A is not obligatory for high-fat, high-sucrose, cholesterol-fed diet-induced obesity and its metabolic and inflammatory complications. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266688. [PMID: 35436297 PMCID: PMC9015120 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies in the past have reported positive correlations between circulating Serum amyloid A (SAA) levels and obesity. However, based on limited number of studies involving appropriate mouse models, the role of SAA in the development of obesity and obesity-related metabolic consequences has not been established. Accordingly, herein, we have examined the role of SAA in the development of obesity and its associated metabolic complications in vivo using mice deficient for all three inducible forms of SAA: SAA1.1, SAA2.1 and SAA3 (TKO). Male and female mice were rendered obese by feeding a high fat, high sucrose diet with added cholesterol (HFHSC) and control mice were fed rodent chow diet. Here, we show that the deletion of SAA does not affect diet-induced obesity, hepatic lipid metabolism or adipose tissue inflammation. However, there was a modest effect on glucose metabolism. The results of this study confirm previous findings that SAA levels are elevated in adipose tissues as well as in the circulation in diet-induced obese mice. However, the three acute phase SAAs do not play a causative role in the development of obesity or obesity-associated adipose tissue inflammation and dyslipidemia.
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17
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Keeter WC, Carter NM, Nadler JL, Galkina EV. The AAV-PCSK9 murine model of atherosclerosis and metabolic dysfunction. EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL OPEN 2022; 2:oeac028. [PMID: 35919346 PMCID: PMC9242032 DOI: 10.1093/ehjopen/oeac028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Aims Mouse models with genetic modifications are required to investigate atherogenesis and associated metabolic syndrome. Adeno-associated virus-8 (AAV8)-mediated overexpression of PCSK9 (AAV8-PCSK9) induces hyperlipidaemia and promotes atherosclerosis in C57BL/6 mice. We aimed to assess whether AAV8-PCSK9-injected C57BL/6 mice fed high-fat diet with added cholesterol (HFD-C) would serve as a model of combined metabolic syndrome and atherosclerosis. Methods and results C57BL/6 mice received i.v. injection of AAV-PCSK9 and sex- and age-matched Ldlr-/- and C57BL/6 control mice were placed on HFD-C or chow diet for 20 weeks (B6-PCSK9-HFD-C, Ldlr-/- HFD-C, B6-HFD-C, and B6-Chow, respectively). High-fat diet with added cholesterol feeding led to insulin resistance and impaired glucose clearance in B6-PCSK9-HFD-C mice compared with B6-Chow controls. This decrease in metabolic health in B6-PCSK9-HFD-C mice as well as the development of atherosclerosis was similar to Ldlr-/- HFD-C mice. Importantly, HFD-C feeding induced pancreatic islet hyperplasia in B6-PCSK9-HFD-C and B6-HFD-C compared with B6-Chow controls. In line with alterations in the metabolic phenotype, there was an increase in the number of pro-inflammatory Ly6Chigh/med monocytes within the adipose tissues of B6-PCSK9-HFD-C and B6-HFD-C compared with B6-Chow controls. Conclusion High-fat diet with added cholesterol-fed AAV-PCSK9-injected C57BL/6 mice can serve as a useful model of integrated metabolic syndrome and atherosclerosis that does not require genetic manipulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Coles Keeter
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, 700 West Olney Rd, LH3180, Norfolk 23507, VA, USA
| | - Nigeste M Carter
- Present address: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond 23284, VA, USA
| | - Jerry L Nadler
- Department of Medicine and Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla 10595, NY, USA
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Wang Y, Zhang J, Chen J, Wang D, Yu Y, Qiu P, Wang Q, Zhao W, Li Z, Lei T. Ch25h and 25-HC prevent liver steatosis through regulation of cholesterol metabolism and inflammation. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2022; 54:504-513. [PMID: 35462473 PMCID: PMC9828056 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2022030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is currently the most prevalent metabolic disorder all over the world, and lipid metabolic disorders and inflammation are closely associated and contribute to the pathogenesis of NAFLD. Cholesterol 25-hydroxylase (Ch25h) and its product, 25-hydroxycholesterol (25-HC), play important roles in cholesterol homeostasis and inflammation, but whether Ch25h and 25-HC are involved in NAFLD remains uncertain. In this study, we use Ch25h knockout mice, hepatic cells and liver biopsies to explore the role of Ch25h and 25-HC in lipid metabolism and accumulation in liver, determine the molecular mechanism of lipid accumulation and inflammation influenced by Ch25h and 25-HC, and assess the regulatory effects of Ch25h and 25-HC on human NAFLD. Our results indicate that mice lacking Ch25h have normal cholesterol homeostasis with normal diet, but under the condition of high fat diet (HFD), the mice show higher total cholesterol and triglyceride in serum, and prone to hepatic steatosis. Ch25h deficiency reduces the cholesterol efflux regulated by liver X receptor α (LXRα), increases the synthesis of cholesterol mediated by sterol-regulatory element binding protein 2 (SREBP-2), and increases the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome, therefore promotes hepatic steatosis. Collectively, our data suggest that Ch25h and 25-HC play important roles in lipid metabolism and inflammation, thereby exerting anti-NAFLD functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqiong Wang
- Department of PathologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesXi’an Jiaotong University Health Science CenterXi’an710061China,Xi’an Blood CenterXi’an710061China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Cardiovascular Research CenterSchool of Basic Medical SciencesXi’an Jiaotong University Health Science CenterXi’an 710061Chinaand
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of PathologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesXi’an Jiaotong University Health Science CenterXi’an710061China,Department of PathologyShannxi Provincial People’s HospitalXi’an710068China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of PathologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesXi’an Jiaotong University Health Science CenterXi’an710061China
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of PathologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesXi’an Jiaotong University Health Science CenterXi’an710061China
| | - Pei Qiu
- Department of PathologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesXi’an Jiaotong University Health Science CenterXi’an710061China
| | - Qiqi Wang
- Department of PathologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesXi’an Jiaotong University Health Science CenterXi’an710061China
| | - Wenbao Zhao
- Department of PathologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesXi’an Jiaotong University Health Science CenterXi’an710061China
| | - Zhao Li
- Cardiovascular Research CenterSchool of Basic Medical SciencesXi’an Jiaotong University Health Science CenterXi’an 710061Chinaand
| | - Ting Lei
- Department of PathologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesXi’an Jiaotong University Health Science CenterXi’an710061China,Correspondence author. Tel: +86-29-82655189. E-mail:
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Semova I, Levenson AE, Krawczyk J, Bullock K, Gearing ME, Ling AV, Williams KA, Miao J, Adamson SS, Shin DJ, Chahar S, Graham MJ, Crooke RM, Hagey LR, Vicent D, de Ferranti SD, Kidambi S, Clish CB, Biddinger SB. Insulin Prevents Hypercholesterolemia by Suppressing 12a-Hydroxylated Bile Acid Production. Circulation 2022; 145:969-982. [PMID: 35193378 PMCID: PMC9365453 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.120.045373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: The risk of cardiovascular disease in type 1 diabetes remains extremely high, despite marked advances in blood glucose control and even the widespread use of cholesterol synthesis inhibitors. Thus, a deeper understanding of insulin regulation of cholesterol metabolism, and its disruption in type 1 diabetes, could reveal better treatment strategies. Methods: To define the mechanisms by which insulin controls plasma cholesterol levels, we knocked down the insulin receptor, FoxO1, and the key bile acid synthesis enzyme, CYP8B1. We measured bile acid composition, cholesterol absorption, and plasma cholesterol. In parallel, we measured markers of cholesterol absorption and synthesis in humans with type 1 diabetes treated with ezetimibe and statins in a double-blind crossover study. Results: Mice with hepatic deletion of the insulin receptor showed marked increases in 12α-hydroxylated bile acids (12HBAs), cholesterol absorption, and plasma cholesterol. This phenotype was entirely reversed by hepatic deletion of FoxO1. FoxO1 is inhibited by insulin, and required for the production of 12HBAs, which promote intestinal cholesterol absorption and suppress hepatic cholesterol synthesis. Knockdown of Cyp8b1 normalized 12HBA levels and completely prevented hypercholesterolemia in mice with hepatic deletion of the insulin receptor (n=5-30) as well as mouse models of type 1 diabetes (n=5-22). In parallel, the cholesterol absorption inhibitor, ezetimibe, normalized cholesterol absorption and LDL-cholesterol in patients with type 1 diabetes as well as, or better than, the cholesterol synthesis inhibitor, simvastatin (n=20). Conclusions: Insulin, by inhibiting FoxO1 in the liver, reduces 12HBAs, cholesterol absorption, and plasma cholesterol levels. Thus, type 1 diabetes leads to a unique set of derangements in cholesterol metabolism, with increased absorption rather than synthesis. These derangements are reversed by ezetimibe, but not statins, which are currently the first line of lipid-lowering treatment in type 1 diabetes. Taken together, these data suggest that a personalized approach to lipid lowering in type 1 diabetes may be more effective and highlight the need for further studies specifically in this group of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Semova
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Amy E Levenson
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Joanna Krawczyk
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | - Mary E Gearing
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Alisha V Ling
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Kathryn A Williams
- Biostatistics and Research Design Center, ICCTR, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Ji Miao
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Stuart S Adamson
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Dong-Ju Shin
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Satyapal Chahar
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | | | - Lee R Hagey
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA
| | - David Vicent
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sarah D de Ferranti
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Srividya Kidambi
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | | | - Sudha B Biddinger
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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20
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Hsieh J, Molusky MM, McCabe KM, Fotakis P, Xiao T, Tascau L, Zeana-Schliep L, DaSilva-Jardine P, Tall AR. TTC39B destabilizes retinoblastoma protein promoting hepatic lipogenesis in a sex-specific fashion. J Hepatol 2022; 76:383-393. [PMID: 34600974 PMCID: PMC8766887 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2021.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Molecular mechanisms underlying the different susceptibility of men and women to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are poorly understood. The TTC39B locus encodes a scaffolding protein, associates with gynecological disorders and its deletion protects mice from diet-induced steatohepatitis. This study aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms linking TTC39B (T39) to the expression of lipogenic genes and to explore sex-specific effects. METHODS Co-expression in HEK293A cells validated the novel T39/pRb interaction predicted by a protein-protein interaction algorithm. T39 was knocked down using an antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) in mice with dietary NAFLD and a genetic deficiency of pRb or its downstream effector E2F1, as well as in primary human hepatocytes. RESULTS T39 interacts with pRb via its C-terminal TPR domain and promotes its proteasomal degradation. In female mice, T39 deficiency reduces the mRNA of lipogenic genes, especially Pnpla3, in a pRb- and E2F1-dependent manner. In contrast, in male mice, T39 deficiency results in a much smaller reduction in lipogenic gene expression that is independent of pRb/E2F1. T39 also interacts with VAPB via an N-terminal FFAT motif and stabilizes the interaction of VAPB with SCAP. Ovariectomy abolishes the effect of T39 knockdown on the hepatic pRb/E2F1/Pnpla3 axis. In both sexes T39 knockdown reduces SCAP independently of pRb. In primary human hepatocytes, T39 knockdown reduces expression of PNPLA3 and other lipogenic genes in women but not men. CONCLUSIONS We have uncovered a conserved sexual dimorphism in the regulation of hepatic lipogenic genes, with effects of T39 mediated through pRb/E2F1 in females and VAPB/SCAP in both sexes. T39 inhibition could be a novel strategy to downregulate PNPLA3 and treat NAFLD in women. LAY SUMMARY In females, the protein TTC39B degrades a tumor suppressor in the liver to promote the synthesis of new fat and the expression of a major genetic risk factor for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. TTC39B is a potential therapeutic target for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, especially in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Hsieh
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
| | - Matthew M. Molusky
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Kristin M. McCabe
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Panagiotis Fotakis
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Tong Xiao
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Liana Tascau
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Lars Zeana-Schliep
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | | | - Alan R. Tall
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
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21
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Gomes D, Wang S, Goodspeed L, Turk KE, Wietecha T, Liu Y, Bornfeldt KE, O'Brien KD, Chait A, den Hartigh LJ. Comparison between genetic and pharmaceutical disruption of LDLR expression for the development of atherosclerosis. J Lipid Res 2022; 63:100174. [PMID: 35101425 PMCID: PMC8953673 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2022.100174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Diego Gomes
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Shari Wang
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Leela Goodspeed
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Katherine E Turk
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Tomasz Wietecha
- Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Yongjun Liu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Karin E Bornfeldt
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kevin D O'Brien
- Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alan Chait
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Laura J den Hartigh
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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22
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Sugimoto K, Hosomi R, Yoshida M, Fukunaga K. Dietary Phospholipids Prepared From Scallop Internal Organs Attenuate the Serum and Liver Cholesterol Contents by Enhancing the Expression of Cholesterol Hydroxylase in the Liver of Mice. Front Nutr 2021; 8:761928. [PMID: 34778346 PMCID: PMC8578998 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.761928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we successfully prepared scallop oil (SCO), which contains high levels of phospholipids (PL) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), from the internal organs of the Japanese giant scallop (Patinopecten yessoensis), one of the most important underutilized fishery resources in Japan. The intake of SCO lowers the serum and liver cholesterol contents in mice; however, whether the fatty acids (FA) composition or PL of SCO exhibits any cholesterol-lowering effect remains unknown. To elucidate whether the cholesterol-lowering function is due to FA composition or PL of SCO, and investigate the cholesterol-lowering mechanism by SCO, in the present study, mice were fed SCO's PL fraction (SCO-PL), triglyceride (TG)-type oil with almost the same FA composition as SCO-PL, called SCO's TG fraction (SCO-TG), soybean oil (SOY-TG), and soybean's PL fraction (SOY-PL). Male C57BL/6J mice (5-week-old) were fed high-fat and cholesterol diets containing 3% (w/w) experimental oils (SOY-TG, SOY-PL, SCO-TG, and SCO-PL) for 28 days. The SCO-PL diet significantly decreased the serum and liver cholesterol contents compared with the SOY-TG diet, but the intake of SOY-PL and SCO-TG did not show this effect. This result indicated that the serum and liver cholesterol-lowering effect observed in the SCO intake group was due to the effect of SCO-PL. The cholesterol-lowering effect of SCO-PL was in part related to the promotion of liver cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) expression, which is the rate-limiting enzyme for bile acid synthesis. In contrast, the expression levels of the ileum farnesoid X receptor (Fxr) and fibroblast growth factor 15 (Fgf15), which inhibit the expression of liver CYP7A1, were significantly reduced in the SCO-PL group than the SOY-TG group. From these results, the increase in the liver CYP7A1 expression by dietary SCO-PL was in part through the reduction of the ileum Fxr/Fgf15 regulatory pathway. Therefore, this study showed that SCO-PL may be a health-promoting component as it lowers the serum and liver cholesterol contents by increasing the liver CYP7A1 expression, which is not seen in SOY-PL and SCO-TG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koki Sugimoto
- Laboratory of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University, Suita, Japan
| | - Ryota Hosomi
- Laboratory of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University, Suita, Japan
| | - Munehiro Yoshida
- Laboratory of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University, Suita, Japan
| | - Kenji Fukunaga
- Laboratory of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University, Suita, Japan
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23
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Yook JS, Thomas SS, Toney AM, You M, Kim YC, Liu Z, Lee J, Chung S. Dietary Iron Deficiency Modulates Adipocyte Iron Homeostasis, Adaptive Thermogenesis, and Obesity in C57BL/6 Mice. J Nutr 2021; 151:2967-2975. [PMID: 34383942 PMCID: PMC8485911 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxab222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adaptive thermogenesis is an iron-demanding pathway, significantly contributing to whole-body energy expenditure. However, the effects of iron-deficient diets on adaptive thermogenesis and obesity remain unknown. OBJECTIVES We aimed to determine the impact of dietary iron deficiency on iron homeostasis in adipocytes, adaptive thermogenic capacity, and metabolic consequences in obesity. METHODS C57BL/6 male mice were assigned to either the iron-adequate (IA, 35 ppm) or the iron-deficient group (ID, 3 ppm) at weaning. Upon 8 wk of age, both IA and ID groups received an isocaloric high-fat diet (45% kcal from fat) for 10 wk, maintaining the same iron content. Mice (n = 8) were used to determine the iron status at the systemic and tissue levels and lipid metabolism and inflammatory signaling in adipose tissue. The same mice were used to evaluate cold tolerance (4°C) for 3 h. For assessing adaptive thermogenesis, mice (n = 5) received an intraperitoneal injection of β3-adrenoceptor agonist CL316243 (CL) for 5 d. RESULTS Compared with the IA group, the ID group had nonanemic iron deficiency, lower serum ferritin (42.8%, P < 0.01), and greater weight gain (8.67%, P < 0.05) and insulin resistance (159%, P < 0.01), partly due to reduced AMP-activated protein kinase activation (61.0%, P < 0.05). Upon cold exposure, the ID group maintained a core body temperature 2°C lower than the IA group. The ID group had lower iron content (47.0%, P < 0.01) in the inguinal adipose tissue (iWAT) than the IA group, which was associated with impaired adaptive thermogenesis. In response to CL, ID mice showed decreased heat production (P < 0.01) and defective upregulation of beige adipocyte-specific markers, including uncoupling protein 1 (41.1%, P < 0.001), transferrin receptor 1 (47.5%, P < 0.001), and mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes (P < 0.05) compared with IA mice. CONCLUSIONS Dietary iron deficiency deregulates iron balance in the iWAT and impairs adaptive thermogenesis, thereby escalating the diet-induced weight gain in C57BL/6 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Seon Yook
- Department of Nutrition, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | | | - Ashley Mulcahy Toney
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Mikyoung You
- Department of Nutrition, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Young-Cheul Kim
- Department of Nutrition, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Zhenhua Liu
- Department of Nutrition, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Jaekwon Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Soonkyu Chung
- Department of Nutrition, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
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24
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Eckel RH, Bornfeldt KE, Goldberg IJ. Cardiovascular disease in diabetes, beyond glucose. Cell Metab 2021; 33:1519-1545. [PMID: 34289375 PMCID: PMC8411849 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2021.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite the decades-old knowledge that diabetes mellitus is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, the reasons for this association are only partially understood. While this association is true for both type 1 and type 2 diabetes, different pathophysiological processes may be responsible. Lipids and other risk factors are indeed important, whereas the role of glucose is less clear. This lack of clarity stems from clinical trials that do not unambiguously show that intensive glycemic control reduces cardiovascular events. Animal models have provided mechanisms that link diabetes to increased atherosclerosis, and evidence consistent with the importance of factors beyond hyperglycemia has emerged. We review clinical, pathological, and animal studies exploring the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis in humans living with diabetes and in mouse models of diabetes. An increased effort to identify risk factors beyond glucose is now needed to prevent the increased cardiovascular disease risk associated with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert H Eckel
- Divisions of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, and Cardiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
| | - Karin E Bornfeldt
- Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ira J Goldberg
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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25
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Choi JSY, de Haan JB, Sharma A. Animal models of diabetes-associated vascular diseases: an update on available models and experimental analysis. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 179:748-769. [PMID: 34131901 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder associated with the accelerated development of macrovascular (atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease) and microvascular complications (nephropathy, retinopathy and neuropathy), which remain the principal cause of mortality and morbidity in this population. Current understanding of cellular and molecular pathways of diabetes-driven vascular complications, as well as therapeutic interventions has arisen from studying disease pathogenesis in animal models. Diabetes-associated vascular complications are multi-faceted, involving the interaction between various cellular and molecular pathways. Thus, the choice of an appropriate animal model to study vascular pathogenesis is important in our quest to identify innovative and mechanism-based targeted therapies to reduce the burden of diabetic complications. Herein, we provide up-to-date information on available mouse models of both Type 1 and Type 2 diabetic vascular complications as well as experimental analysis and research outputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judy S Y Choi
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Judy B de Haan
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Arpeeta Sharma
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Diabetes, Monash University, Central Clinical School, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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26
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El-Sayed W, Alkabli J, Aloqbi A, Elshaarawy RF. Optimization enzymatic degradation of chitosan into amphiphilic chitooligosaccharides for application in mitigating liver steatosis and cholesterol regulation. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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27
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Zhao G, Lu H, Liu Y, Zhao Y, Zhu T, Garcia-Barrio MT, Chen YE, Zhang J. Single-Cell Transcriptomics Reveals Endothelial Plasticity During Diabetic Atherogenesis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:689469. [PMID: 34095155 PMCID: PMC8170046 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.689469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the leading cause of cardiovascular diseases, which is also the primary cause of mortality among diabetic patients. Endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction is a critical early step in the development of atherosclerosis and aggravated in the presence of concurrent diabetes. Although the heterogeneity of the organ-specific ECs has been systematically analyzed at the single-cell level in healthy conditions, their transcriptomic changes in diabetic atherosclerosis remain largely unexplored. Here, we carried out a single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) study using EC-enriched single cells from mouse heart and aorta after 12 weeks feeding of a standard chow or a diabetogenic high-fat diet with cholesterol. We identified eight EC clusters, three of which expressed mesenchymal markers, indicative of an endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT). Analyses of the marker genes, pathways, and biological functions revealed that ECs are highly heterogeneous and plastic both in normal and atherosclerotic conditions. The metabolic transcriptomic analysis further confirmed that EndMT-derived fibroblast-like cells are prominent in atherosclerosis, with diminished fatty acid oxidation and enhanced biological functions, including regulation of extracellular-matrix organization and apoptosis. In summary, our data characterized the phenotypic and metabolic heterogeneity of ECs in diabetes-associated atherogenesis at the single-cell level and paves the way for a deeper understanding of endothelial cell biology and EC-related cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guizhen Zhao
- Frankel Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Haocheng Lu
- Frankel Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Yuhao Liu
- Frankel Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.,Department of Internal Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Frankel Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Tianqing Zhu
- Frankel Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Minerva T Garcia-Barrio
- Frankel Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Y Eugene Chen
- Frankel Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Jifeng Zhang
- Frankel Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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28
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Goupille C, Ouldamer L, Pinault M, Guimares C, Arbion F, Jourdan ML, Frank PG. Identification of a Positive Association between Mammary Adipose Cholesterol Content and Indicators of Breast Cancer Aggressiveness in a French Population. J Nutr 2021; 151:1119-1127. [PMID: 33831951 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have recently highlighted important roles for adipose tissue in cancer. However, few have examined adipose tissue cholesterol, and no study has been performed in breast adipose tissue associated with breast tumors. OBJECTIVES The present work was designed to determine if breast adipose tissue cholesterol from the tumor-surrounding area is associated with breast cancer aggressiveness. METHODS Between 2009 and 2011, 215 breast adipose tissue samples were collected at the Tours University Hospital (France) during surgery of women (aged 28-89 y) with invasive breast cancer. Associations of free cholesterol (FC), esterified cholesterol (EC), and total cholesterol (TC) amounts with clinical variables (age, BMI, and treated or untreated hypercholesterolemia) and tumor aggressiveness parameters [phenotype, grade, presence of inflammatory breast cancer (IBC), and multifocality] were tested using Student's t test and after ANOVA. RESULTS The predominant form of cholesterol in adipose tissue was FC, and 50% of patients had no detectable EC. The adipose tissue FC content (μg/mg total lipid) was 18% greater in patients >70 y old than in those 40-49 y old (P < 0.05) and the TC content tended to be 12% greater in untreated hypercholesterolemic patients than in normocholesterolemic patients (P = 0.06). Breast adipose cholesterol concentrations were increased in tissues obtained from patients with human-epidermal-growth-factor-receptor-2 (HER2) phenotype (+13% FC; P < 0.05 compared with luminal A), IBC (+15% FC; P = 0.06 compared with noninflammatory tumors), as well as with multifocal triple-negative tumors (+34% FC, P < 0.05; +30% TC, P < 0.05, compared with unifocal triple-negative tumors). Among patients with triple-negative tumors, hypercholesterolemia was significantly more common (P < 0.05) in patients with multifocal tumors (64%) than in patients with unifocal tumors (25%). CONCLUSIONS This study is the first of this magnitude that analyzes cholesterol concentrations in adipose tissue from female breast cancer patients. An increase in breast adipose tissue cholesterol content may contribute to breast cancer aggressiveness (HER2 phenotype, multifocality of triple-negative tumors, and IBC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Goupille
- CHRU de Tours, Hôpital Bretonneau, Service de Gynécologie, Tours, France.,Laboratoire "Nutrition, Growth and Cancer", Université de Tours, INSERM UMR1069, Tours, France
| | - Lobna Ouldamer
- CHRU de Tours, Hôpital Bretonneau, Service de Gynécologie, Tours, France.,Laboratoire "Nutrition, Growth and Cancer", Université de Tours, INSERM UMR1069, Tours, France
| | - Michelle Pinault
- Laboratoire "Nutrition, Growth and Cancer", Université de Tours, INSERM UMR1069, Tours, France
| | - Cyrille Guimares
- Laboratoire "Nutrition, Growth and Cancer", Université de Tours, INSERM UMR1069, Tours, France
| | - Flavie Arbion
- CHRU de Tours, Hôpital Bretonneau, Service de Pathologie, Tours, France
| | - Marie L Jourdan
- CHRU de Tours, Hôpital Bretonneau, Service de Gynécologie, Tours, France.,Laboratoire "Nutrition, Growth and Cancer", Université de Tours, INSERM UMR1069, Tours, France
| | - Philippe G Frank
- Laboratoire "Nutrition, Growth and Cancer", Université de Tours, INSERM UMR1069, Tours, France.,French Network for Nutrition and Cancer Research (NACRe network), France.,SGS France Life Services, Saint Benoît, France
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29
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The Susceptibility to Diet-Induced Atherosclerosis Is Exacerbated with Aging in C57B1/6 Mice. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9050487. [PMID: 33946646 PMCID: PMC8146644 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9050487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The anti-atherogenic activity of HDL is mainly due to their capacity to mediate reverse cholesterol transport (RCT). However, it is not clear to what extent this activity is affected by aging or pro-atherogenic conditions. Three and 24-month-old C57Bl/6 mice were fed an atherogenic diet (high fat, high cholesterol) for 12 weeks. The aged mice displayed a significant reduction in the capacity of HDL to mediate RCT (29.03%, p < 0.0006). Interestingly, the atherogenic diet significantly stimulated the RCT process in both young and aged mice (241% and 201%, respectively, p < 0.01). However, despite this, significant amounts of cholesterol accumulated in the aortas of mice fed an atherogenic diet as compared to regular chow. The accumulation of cholesterol was more marked in the aortas of aged mice (110% increase, p < 0.002). ABCA1 and ABCG1 protein expression on macrophages decreased significantly (52 to 37% reduction, p < 0.002), whereas their expression on hepatic cells increased significantly (up to 590% for ABCA1 and 116% for ABCG1, p < 0.002). On the other hand, SR-BI protein expression on hepatic cells decreased significantly (42.85%, p < 0.0001). ABCG5, ABCG8, and CYP7a protein expression on hepatic cells was also higher in mice fed an atherogenic diet. The increase was age-dependent for both ABCG5 and ABCG8. Our results suggest that the susceptibility to diet-induced atherosclerosis is exacerbated with aging and is a consequence of the dysregulation of the expression levels of membrane cholesterol transporters.
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30
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Han CY, Kang I, Harten IA, Gebe JA, Chan CK, Omer M, Alonge KM, den Hartigh LJ, Gomes Kjerulf D, Goodspeed L, Subramanian S, Wang S, Kim F, Birk DE, Wight TN, Chait A. Adipocyte-Derived Versican and Macrophage-Derived Biglycan Control Adipose Tissue Inflammation in Obesity. Cell Rep 2021; 31:107818. [PMID: 32610121 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is characterized by adipose tissue inflammation. Because proteoglycans regulate inflammation, here we investigate their role in adipose tissue inflammation in obesity. We find that adipose tissue versican and biglycan increase in obesity. Versican is produced mainly by adipocytes and biglycan by adipose tissue macrophages. Both proteoglycans are also present in adipose tissue from obese human subjects undergoing gastric bypass surgery. Deletion of adipocyte-specific versican or macrophage-specific biglycan in mice reduces macrophage accumulation and chemokine and cytokine expression, although only adipocyte-specific versican deletion leads to sustained improvement in glucose tolerance. Macrophage-derived biglycan activates inflammatory genes in adipocytes. Versican expression increases in cultured adipocytes exposed to excess glucose, and adipocyte-conditioned medium stimulates inflammation in resident peritoneal macrophages, in part because of a versican breakdown product, versikine. These findings provide insights into the role of adipocyte- and macrophage-derived proteoglycans in adipose tissue inflammation in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Yeop Han
- Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Inkyung Kang
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ingrid A Harten
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - John A Gebe
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Christina K Chan
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Mohamed Omer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kimberly M Alonge
- Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Laura J den Hartigh
- Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Diego Gomes Kjerulf
- Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Leela Goodspeed
- Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Savitha Subramanian
- Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Shari Wang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Francis Kim
- Division of Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - David E Birk
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Thomas N Wight
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alan Chait
- Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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Mehmood A, Zhao L, Wang Y, Pan F, Hao S, Zhang H, Iftikhar A, Usman M. Dietary anthocyanins as potential natural modulators for the prevention and treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A comprehensive review. Food Res Int 2021; 142:110180. [PMID: 33773656 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) refers to a metabolic syndrome linked with type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, and cardiovascular diseases. It is characterized by the accumulation of triglycerides in the hepatocytes in the absence of alcohol consumption. The prevalence of NAFLD has abruptly increased worldwide, with no effective treatment yet available. Anthocyanins (ACNs) belong to the flavonoid subclass of polyphenols, are commonly present in various edible plants, and possess a broad array of health-promoting properties. ACNs have been shown to have strong potential to combat NAFLD. We critically assessed the literature regarding the pharmacological mechanisms and biopharmaceutical features of the action of ACNs on NAFLD in humans and animal models. We found that ACNs ameliorate NAFLD by improving lipid and glucose metabolism, increasing antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, and regulating gut microbiota dysbiosis. In conclusion, ACNs have potential to attenuate NAFLD. However, further mechanistic studies are required to confirm these beneficial impacts of ACNs on NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arshad Mehmood
- Beijing Advance Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Beijing Advance Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Yong Wang
- Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Fei Pan
- Beijing Advance Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Shuai Hao
- Beijing Advance Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Huimin Zhang
- Beijing Advance Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Asra Iftikhar
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Usman
- Beijing Advance Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
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32
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Gao F, Cui CY. Dietary Cholesterol Intake and Risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies. J Am Coll Nutr 2021; 41:107-115. [PMID: 33416437 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2020.1844605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This meta-analysis aimed to understand the association between dietary cholesterol intake and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). We systematically searched the PubMed, Web of Science, and EMBASE databases to identify observational studies, published before September 2020, investigating the relationship between dietary cholesterol intake and risk of GDM. After evaluating the heterogeneity among studies, we used fixed- or random-effects models to calculate pooled values of relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) in order to estimate the effect of dietary cholesterol on the risk of GDM. We included a total of 9 studies (3 cohort, 4 cross-sectional, and 2 case-control) involving 30123 participants and 3237 cases. The pooled RR of GDM comparing highest versus lowest category of dietary cholesterol intake was 1.49 (95% CI, 1.18-1.88). The dose-response relationship showed that the risk of GDM increased by 32% (RR = 1.32; 95% CI, 1.20-1.45) for every increase of 100 mg per day in dietary cholesterol intake. This meta-analysis indicates that an increase in dietary cholesterol intake is associated with increased risk of GDM. Detailed cohort studies are essential to gain a better understanding of this association. Key teaching pointsStudies on animal models have suggested that a cholesterol-rich diet can promote systemic inflammation and insulin resistance, both of which can contribute to T2DM and GDM.Several epidemiological studies have investigated a potential relationship between dietary cholesterol intake and GDM risk, and the results are controversial.Our meta-analysis indicates that increased dietary cholesterol intake is associated with increased GDM risk.Dose-response analysis showed a linear relationship between dietary cholesterol intake and risk of GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Gao
- Xi'an Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi'an, China
| | - Cai-Yan Cui
- Xi'an Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi'an, China
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Gliozzi M, Musolino V, Bosco F, Scicchitano M, Scarano F, Nucera S, Zito MC, Ruga S, Carresi C, Macrì R, Guarnieri L, Maiuolo J, Tavernese A, Coppoletta AR, Nicita C, Mollace R, Palma E, Muscoli C, Belzung C, Mollace V. Cholesterol homeostasis: Researching a dialogue between the brain and peripheral tissues. Pharmacol Res 2020; 163:105215. [PMID: 33007421 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cholesterol homeostasis is a highly regulated process in human body because of its several functions underlying the biology of cell membranes, the synthesis of all steroid hormones and bile acids and the need of trafficking lipids destined to cell metabolism. In particular, it has been recognized that peripheral and central nervous system cholesterol metabolism are separated by the blood brain barrier and are regulated independently; indeed, peripherally, it depends on the balance between dietary intake and hepatic synthesis on one hand and its degradation on the other, whereas in central nervous system it is synthetized de novo to ensure brain physiology. In view of this complex metabolism and its relevant functions in mammalian, impaired levels of cholesterol can induce severe cellular dysfunction leading to metabolic, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. The aim of this review is to clarify the role of cholesterol homeostasis in health and disease highlighting new intriguing aspects of the cross talk between its central and peripheral metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micaela Gliozzi
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Musolino
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Francesca Bosco
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Miriam Scicchitano
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Federica Scarano
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Saverio Nucera
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Maria Caterina Zito
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Stefano Ruga
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Cristina Carresi
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Roberta Macrì
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Lorenza Guarnieri
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Jessica Maiuolo
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Annamaria Tavernese
- Division of Cardiology, University Hospital Policlinico Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
| | - Anna Rita Coppoletta
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Caterina Nicita
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Rocco Mollace
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Ernesto Palma
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Carolina Muscoli
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy; IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Via di Valcannuta, Rome, Italy.
| | | | - Vincenzo Mollace
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy; IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Via di Valcannuta, Rome, Italy.
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34
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Han CY, Kang I, Omer M, Wang S, Wietecha T, Wight TN, Chait A. Serum amyloid A-containing HDL binds adipocyte-derived versican and macrophage-derived biglycan, reducing its antiinflammatory properties. JCI Insight 2020; 5:142635. [PMID: 32970631 PMCID: PMC7605543 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.142635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of HDL to inhibit inflammation in adipocytes and adipose tissue is reduced when HDL contains serum amyloid A (SAA) that is trapped by proteoglycans at the adipocyte surface. Because we recently found that the major extracellular matrix proteoglycan produced by hypertrophic adipocytes is versican, whereas activated adipose tissue macrophages produce mainly biglycan, we further investigated the role of proteoglycans in determining the antiinflammatory properties of HDL. The distributions of versican, biglycan, apolipoprotein A1 (the major apolipoprotein of HDL), and SAA were similar in adipose tissue from obese mice and obese human subjects. Colocalization of SAA-enriched HDL with versican and biglycan at the cell surface of adipocyte and peritoneal macrophages, respectively, was blocked by silencing these proteoglycans, which also restored the antiinflammatory property of SAA-enriched HDL despite the presence of SAA. Similar to adipocytes, normal HDL exerted its antiinflammatory function in macrophages by reducing lipid rafts, reactive oxygen species generation, and translocation of Toll-like receptor 4 and NADPH oxidase 2 into lipid rafts, effects that were not observed with SAA-enriched HDL. These findings imply that SAA present in HDL can be trapped by adipocyte-derived versican and macrophage-derived biglycan, thereby blunting HDL’s antiinflammatory properties. Versican in adiopcytes and biglycan in macrophages trap serum amyloid A-containing HDL, thereby blocking HDL’s anti-inflammatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Yeop Han
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Inkyung Kang
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Mohamed Omer
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Shari Wang
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Tomasz Wietecha
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Thomas N Wight
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Alan Chait
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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35
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Curley S, Gall J, Byrne R, Yvan‐Charvet L, McGillicuddy FC. Metabolic Inflammation in Obesity—At the Crossroads between Fatty Acid and Cholesterol Metabolism. Mol Nutr Food Res 2020; 65:e1900482. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201900482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sean Curley
- Cardiometabolic Research Group UCD Diabetes Complications Research Centre UCD Conway Institute UCD School of Medicine University College Dublin Dublin 4 Ireland
| | - Julie Gall
- University of Nice Unité Mixte de Recherce (UMR) Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1065 062104 Nice Cedex 3 France
| | - Rachel Byrne
- Cardiometabolic Research Group UCD Diabetes Complications Research Centre UCD Conway Institute UCD School of Medicine University College Dublin Dublin 4 Ireland
| | - Laurent Yvan‐Charvet
- University of Nice Unité Mixte de Recherce (UMR) Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1065 062104 Nice Cedex 3 France
| | - Fiona C. McGillicuddy
- Cardiometabolic Research Group UCD Diabetes Complications Research Centre UCD Conway Institute UCD School of Medicine University College Dublin Dublin 4 Ireland
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36
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Dahik VD, Frisdal E, Le Goff W. Rewiring of Lipid Metabolism in Adipose Tissue Macrophages in Obesity: Impact on Insulin Resistance and Type 2 Diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155505. [PMID: 32752107 PMCID: PMC7432680 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and its two major comorbidities, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes, represent worldwide health issues whose incidence is predicted to steadily rise in the coming years. Obesity is characterized by an accumulation of fat in metabolic tissues resulting in chronic inflammation. It is now largely accepted that adipose tissue inflammation underlies the etiology of these disorders. Adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) represent the most enriched immune fraction in hypertrophic, chronically inflamed adipose tissue, and these cells play a key role in diet-induced type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance. ATMs are triggered by the continuous influx of dietary lipids, among other stimuli; however, how these lipids metabolically activate ATM depends on their nature, composition and localization. This review will discuss the fate and molecular programs elicited within obese ATMs by both exogenous and endogenous lipids, as they mediate the inflammatory response and promote or hamper the development of obesity-associated insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.
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37
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Chait A, den Hartigh LJ, Wang S, Goodspeed L, Babenko I, Altemeier WA, Vaisar T. Presence of serum amyloid A3 in mouse plasma is dependent on the nature and extent of the inflammatory stimulus. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10397. [PMID: 32587356 PMCID: PMC7316782 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66898-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Serum amyloid A3 (Saa3) derives mainly from extrahepatic tissue and is not detected in plasma from moderately inflamed obese mice. In contrast, it is present in plasma from mice acutely inflamed by injection of high dose of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). To reconcile these differences, we evaluated whether different acute inflammatory stimuli could affect the presence of Saa3 in plasma. Saa3 appeared dose dependently in plasma after LPS injection. In contrast, only very low levels were detected after sterile inflammation with silver nitrate despite levels of Saa1 and Saa2 being comparable to high dose LPS. Saa3 was not detected in plasma following casein administration. Although most Saa3 was found in HDL, a small amount was not lipoprotein associated. Gene expression and proteomic analysis of liver and adipose tissue suggested that a major source of Saa3 in plasma after injection of LPS was adipose tissue rather than liver. We conclude that Saa3 only appears in plasma after induction of acute inflammation by some but not all inflammatory stimuli. These findings are consistent with the observation that Saa3 is not detectable in plasma in more moderate chronic inflammatory states such as obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Chait
- Divisions of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.
| | - Laura J den Hartigh
- Divisions of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Shari Wang
- Divisions of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Leela Goodspeed
- Divisions of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Ilona Babenko
- Divisions of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - William A Altemeier
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Tomas Vaisar
- Divisions of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
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38
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Park KR, Hwang CJ, Yun HM, Yeo IJ, Choi DY, Park PH, Kim HS, Lee JT, Jung YS, Han SB, Hong JT. Prevention of multiple system atrophy using human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells by reducing polyamine and cholesterol-induced neural damages. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:63. [PMID: 32127052 PMCID: PMC7055099 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01590-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a sporadic neurodegenerative disorder of unknown etiology, but is closely associated with damage to dopaminergic neurons. MSA progression is rapid. Hence, long-term drug treatments do not have any therapeutic benefits. We assessed the inhibitory effect of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on double-toxin-induced dopaminergic neurodegenerative MSA. Results Behavioral disorder was significantly improved and neurodegeneration was prevented following MSC transplantation. Proteomics revealed lower expression of polyamine modulating factor-binding protein 1 (PMFBP1) and higher expression of 3-hydroxymethyl-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase (HMGCL), but these changes were reversed after MSC transplantation. In the in vitro study, the 6-OHDA-induced effects were reversed following co-culture with MSC. However, PMFBP1 knockdown inhibited the recovery effect due to the MSCs. Furthermore, HMGCL expression was decreased following co-culture with MSCs, but treatment with recombinant HMGCL protein inhibited the recovery effects due to MSCs. Conclusions These data indicate that MSCs protected against neuronal loss in MSA by reducing polyamine- and cholesterol-induced neural damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Ran Park
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02453, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul Ju Hwang
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31, Osongsangmyeong1-ro, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 361-951, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Mun Yun
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02453, Republic of Korea
| | - In Jun Yeo
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31, Osongsangmyeong1-ro, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 361-951, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Young Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, 280, Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 712-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Pil-Hoon Park
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, 280, Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 712-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Sook Kim
- Corestem Inc, Pangyo-ro 255 beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi, 13486, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Tae Lee
- Corestem Inc, Pangyo-ro 255 beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi, 13486, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Suk Jung
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Bae Han
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31, Osongsangmyeong1-ro, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 361-951, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31, Osongsangmyeong1-ro, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 361-951, Republic of Korea.
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Chait A, den Hartigh LJ. Adipose Tissue Distribution, Inflammation and Its Metabolic Consequences, Including Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2020; 7:22. [PMID: 32158768 PMCID: PMC7052117 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 590] [Impact Index Per Article: 147.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue plays essential roles in maintaining lipid and glucose homeostasis. To date several types of adipose tissue have been identified, namely white, brown, and beige, that reside in various specific anatomical locations throughout the body. The cellular composition, secretome, and location of these adipose depots define their function in health and metabolic disease. In obesity, adipose tissue becomes dysfunctional, promoting a pro-inflammatory, hyperlipidemic and insulin resistant environment that contributes to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Concurrently, similar features that result from adipose tissue dysfunction also promote cardiovascular disease (CVD) by mechanisms that can be augmented by T2DM. The mechanisms by which dysfunctional adipose tissue simultaneously promote T2DM and CVD, focusing on adipose tissue depot-specific adipokines, inflammatory profiles, and metabolism, will be the focus of this review. The impact that various T2DM and CVD treatment strategies have on adipose tissue function and body weight also will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Chait
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Laura J den Hartigh
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
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40
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Protective properties of milk sphingomyelin against dysfunctional lipid metabolism, gut dysbiosis, and inflammation. J Nutr Biochem 2019; 73:108224. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2019.108224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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41
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Brandsma E, Kloosterhuis NJ, Koster M, Dekker DC, Gijbels MJJ, van der Velden S, Ríos-Morales M, van Faassen MJR, Loreti MG, de Bruin A, Fu J, Kuipers F, Bakker BM, Westerterp M, de Winther MPJ, Hofker MH, van de Sluis B, Koonen DPY. A Proinflammatory Gut Microbiota Increases Systemic Inflammation and Accelerates Atherosclerosis. Circ Res 2019; 124:94-100. [PMID: 30582442 PMCID: PMC6325767 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.118.313234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Rationale: Several studies have suggested a role for the gut microbiota in inflammation and atherogenesis. A causal relation relationship between gut microbiota, inflammation, and atherosclerosis has not been explored previously. Objective: Here, we investigated whether a proinflammatory microbiota from Caspase1−/− (Casp1−/−) mice accelerates atherogenesis in Ldlr−/− mice. Method and Results: We treated female Ldlr−/− mice with antibiotics and subsequently transplanted them with fecal microbiota from Casp1−/− mice based on a cohousing approach. Autologous transplantation of fecal microbiota of Ldlr−/− mice served as control. Mice were cohoused for 8 or 13 weeks and fed chow or high-fat cholesterol–rich diet. Fecal samples were collected, and factors related to inflammation, metabolism, intestinal health, and atherosclerotic phenotypes were measured. Unweighted Unifrac distances of 16S rDNA (ribosomal DNA) sequences confirmed the introduction of the Casp1−/− and Ldlr−/− microbiota into Ldlr−/− mice (referred to as Ldlr−/−(Casp1−/−) or Ldlr−/−(Ldlr−/−) mice). Analysis of atherosclerotic lesion size in the aortic root demonstrated a significant 29% increase in plaque size in 13-week high-fat cholesterol–fed Ldlr−/−(Casp1−/−) mice compared with Ldlr−/−(Ldlr−/−) mice. We found increased numbers of circulating monocytes and neutrophils and elevated proinflammatory cytokine levels in plasma in high-fat cholesterol–fed Ldlr−/−(Casp1−/−) compared with Ldlr−/−(Ldlr−/−) mice. Neutrophil accumulation in the aortic root of Ldlr−/−(Casp1−/−) mice was enhanced compared with Ldlr−/−(Ldlr−/−) mice. 16S-rDNA-encoding sequence analysis in feces identified a significant reduction in the short-chain fatty acid–producing taxonomies Akkermansia, Christensenellaceae, Clostridium, and Odoribacter in Ldlr−/−(Casp1−/−) mice. Consistent with these findings, cumulative concentrations of the anti-inflammatory short-chain fatty acids propionate, acetate and butyrate in the cecum were significantly reduced in 13-week high-fat cholesterol–fed Ldlr−/−(Casp1−/−) compared with Ldlr−/−(Ldlr−/−) mice. Conclusions: Introduction of the proinflammatory Casp1−/− microbiota into Ldlr−/− mice enhances systemic inflammation and accelerates atherogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eelke Brandsma
- From the Department of Pediatrics (E.B., N.J.K., M.K., D.C.D., M.R-M., M.G.L., A.d.B., J.F., F.K., B.M.B., M.W., M.H.H., B.v.d.S., D.P.Y.K.), University of Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Niels J Kloosterhuis
- From the Department of Pediatrics (E.B., N.J.K., M.K., D.C.D., M.R-M., M.G.L., A.d.B., J.F., F.K., B.M.B., M.W., M.H.H., B.v.d.S., D.P.Y.K.), University of Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Mirjam Koster
- From the Department of Pediatrics (E.B., N.J.K., M.K., D.C.D., M.R-M., M.G.L., A.d.B., J.F., F.K., B.M.B., M.W., M.H.H., B.v.d.S., D.P.Y.K.), University of Groningen, the Netherlands.,Department of Pathobiology, Dutch Molecular Pathology Center, Utrecht University, the Netherlands (M.K., A.d.B.)
| | - Daphne C Dekker
- From the Department of Pediatrics (E.B., N.J.K., M.K., D.C.D., M.R-M., M.G.L., A.d.B., J.F., F.K., B.M.B., M.W., M.H.H., B.v.d.S., D.P.Y.K.), University of Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marion J J Gijbels
- Experimental Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands (M.J.J.G., S.v.d.V., M.P.J.d.W.).,Department of Pathology and Department of Molecular Genetics, CARIM, Maastricht University, the Netherlands (M.J.J.G.)
| | - Saskia van der Velden
- Experimental Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands (M.J.J.G., S.v.d.V., M.P.J.d.W.)
| | - Melany Ríos-Morales
- From the Department of Pediatrics (E.B., N.J.K., M.K., D.C.D., M.R-M., M.G.L., A.d.B., J.F., F.K., B.M.B., M.W., M.H.H., B.v.d.S., D.P.Y.K.), University of Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Martijn J R van Faassen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen (M.J.R.v.F., F.K.), University of Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marco G Loreti
- From the Department of Pediatrics (E.B., N.J.K., M.K., D.C.D., M.R-M., M.G.L., A.d.B., J.F., F.K., B.M.B., M.W., M.H.H., B.v.d.S., D.P.Y.K.), University of Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Alain de Bruin
- From the Department of Pediatrics (E.B., N.J.K., M.K., D.C.D., M.R-M., M.G.L., A.d.B., J.F., F.K., B.M.B., M.W., M.H.H., B.v.d.S., D.P.Y.K.), University of Groningen, the Netherlands.,Department of Pathobiology, Dutch Molecular Pathology Center, Utrecht University, the Netherlands (M.K., A.d.B.)
| | - Jingyuan Fu
- From the Department of Pediatrics (E.B., N.J.K., M.K., D.C.D., M.R-M., M.G.L., A.d.B., J.F., F.K., B.M.B., M.W., M.H.H., B.v.d.S., D.P.Y.K.), University of Groningen, the Netherlands.,Department of Genetics (J.F.), University of Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Folkert Kuipers
- From the Department of Pediatrics (E.B., N.J.K., M.K., D.C.D., M.R-M., M.G.L., A.d.B., J.F., F.K., B.M.B., M.W., M.H.H., B.v.d.S., D.P.Y.K.), University of Groningen, the Netherlands.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen (M.J.R.v.F., F.K.), University of Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Barbara M Bakker
- From the Department of Pediatrics (E.B., N.J.K., M.K., D.C.D., M.R-M., M.G.L., A.d.B., J.F., F.K., B.M.B., M.W., M.H.H., B.v.d.S., D.P.Y.K.), University of Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marit Westerterp
- From the Department of Pediatrics (E.B., N.J.K., M.K., D.C.D., M.R-M., M.G.L., A.d.B., J.F., F.K., B.M.B., M.W., M.H.H., B.v.d.S., D.P.Y.K.), University of Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Menno P J de Winther
- Experimental Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands (M.J.J.G., S.v.d.V., M.P.J.d.W.).,Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig Maximilian's University, Munich, Germany (M.P.J.d.W.)
| | - Marten H Hofker
- From the Department of Pediatrics (E.B., N.J.K., M.K., D.C.D., M.R-M., M.G.L., A.d.B., J.F., F.K., B.M.B., M.W., M.H.H., B.v.d.S., D.P.Y.K.), University of Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Bart van de Sluis
- From the Department of Pediatrics (E.B., N.J.K., M.K., D.C.D., M.R-M., M.G.L., A.d.B., J.F., F.K., B.M.B., M.W., M.H.H., B.v.d.S., D.P.Y.K.), University of Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Debby P Y Koonen
- From the Department of Pediatrics (E.B., N.J.K., M.K., D.C.D., M.R-M., M.G.L., A.d.B., J.F., F.K., B.M.B., M.W., M.H.H., B.v.d.S., D.P.Y.K.), University of Groningen, the Netherlands
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Sharif O, Brunner JS, Vogel A, Schabbauer G. Macrophage Rewiring by Nutrient Associated PI3K Dependent Pathways. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2002. [PMID: 31497027 PMCID: PMC6712174 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Class 1 Phosphoinositide-3-Kinases (PI3Ks) have been widely studied and mediate essential roles in cellular proliferation, chemotaxis, insulin sensitivity, and immunity. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of how macrophage expressed PI3Ks and their downstream pathways orchestrate responses to metabolic stimuli and nutrients, polarizing macrophages, shaping their cellular identity and function. Particular emphasis will be given to adipose tissue macrophages, crucial players of insulin resistance and chronic metabolically triggered inflammation during obesity. An understanding of PI3K dependent wiring of macrophage responses is important as this is involved in various diseases ranging from obesity, type 2 diabetes to chronic inflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Sharif
- Centre for Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute for Vascular Biology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Arginine Metabolism in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Multiple Sclerosis, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia Stefanie Brunner
- Centre for Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute for Vascular Biology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Arginine Metabolism in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Multiple Sclerosis, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea Vogel
- Centre for Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute for Vascular Biology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Arginine Metabolism in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Multiple Sclerosis, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gernot Schabbauer
- Centre for Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute for Vascular Biology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Arginine Metabolism in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Multiple Sclerosis, Vienna, Austria
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43
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Millar CL, Norris GH, Vitols A, Garcia C, Seibel S, Anto L, Blesso CN. Dietary Egg Sphingomyelin Prevents Aortic Root Plaque Accumulation in Apolipoprotein-E Knockout Mice. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11051124. [PMID: 31117179 PMCID: PMC6566691 DOI: 10.3390/nu11051124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Western-style diets have been linked with dyslipidemia and inflammation, two well-known risk factors associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Dietary sphingomyelin (SM) has been reported to modulate gut microbiota, and lower serum lipids and inflammation in mice on Western-style diets. However, few studies have examined if nutritionally-relevant intake of dietary SM can impact atherosclerosis progression. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine if incorporating 0.1% (w/w) egg SM (ESM) (equivalent to ~750 mg/day in humans) into a high-fat (45% kcal), cholesterol-enriched diet (HFD) could prevent atheroprogression in apoE−/− mice (n = 15/group). We found that mice fed with the ESM-rich diet had significantly lower epididymal fat mass (−46%) and tended to have higher spleen weights (+15%). There were no significant differences in serum lipids between groups. However, ESM-fed mice had significantly lower alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity. Additionally, ESM-fed mice displayed significantly less aortic root lipid accumulation (−31%) compared to controls. This improvement in atherosclerosis was paired with over a two-fold reduction in circulating serum amyloid A (SAA) in ESM-fed mice. Finally, there was also a modulation of the gut microbiota with ESM supplementation. ESM may have the potential to prevent atherosclerosis, however further research in the clinical setting is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney L Millar
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
| | - Gregory H Norris
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Addison Vitols
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
| | - Chelsea Garcia
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
| | - Samantha Seibel
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
| | - Liya Anto
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
| | - Christopher N Blesso
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
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44
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Magriplis E, Mitsopoulou AV, Karageorgou D, Bakogianni I, Dimakopoulos I, Micha R, Michas G, Chourdakis M, Chrousos GP, Roma E, Panagiotakos D, Zampelas A. Frequency and Quantity of Egg Intake Is Not Associated with Dyslipidemia: The Hellenic National Nutrition and Health Survey (HNNHS). Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11051105. [PMID: 31108988 PMCID: PMC6566236 DOI: 10.3390/nu11051105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gaps remain on the safety of egg intake on cardiovascular health, setting the study's aim to investigate the association between quantity and frequency of egg consumption, with established dyslipidemia. METHODS Study participants (N = 3558, 40.3% males) included individuals from the Hellenic National and Nutrition Health Survey (HNNHS), of national representation. Quantity and frequency of egg consumption was determined. Minimally adjusted, multivariable logistic and linear analysis were used to assess egg consumption and dyslipidemia. RESULTS The more frequent egg consumption compared to no or rare egg consumption significantly decreased the odds of dyslipidemia in the minimally adjusted (Odds Ratio (OR) for frequency: 0.83; 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.752, 0.904; OR for quantified frequency: 0.87; 95% CI: 0.796, 0.963) and the fully adjusted models (OR for frequency: 0.80; 95% CI: 0.718, 0.887; OR for quantified frequency: 0.85; 95%CI: 0.759, 0.945). Level of serum cholesterol and LDL-c were significantly lower with higher frequency and quantified frequency of egg consumption in all models. CONCLUSION Eggs do not increase the risk of dyslipidemia and can be consumed as part of a healthy diet that is high in fiber and low in saturated fat, without excessive energy intake, by all individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuella Magriplis
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece.
| | | | - Dimitra Karageorgou
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece.
| | - Ioanna Bakogianni
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece.
| | - Ioannis Dimakopoulos
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece.
| | - Renata Micha
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece.
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - George Michas
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece.
- Department of Cardiology, "Elpis" General Hospital of Athens, 11522 Athens, Greece.
| | - Michail Chourdakis
- Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Campus, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - George P Chrousos
- First Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75, 11527 Athens, Greece.
| | - Eleftheria Roma
- First Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75, 11527 Athens, Greece.
| | - Demosthenes Panagiotakos
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education Harokopio University, Athens, Eleftheriou Venizelou 70, 17676 Athens, Greece.
| | - Antonis Zampelas
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece.
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Wang J, Yannie PJ, Ghosh SS, Ghosh S. Regulation of interleukin-1 beta secretion from macrophages via modulation of potassium ion (K + ) channel activity. FEBS Lett 2019; 593:1166-1178. [PMID: 31026357 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A causal relationship exists between macrophage cholesterol levels and inflammation, for example, Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) secretion. A decrease in intracellular K+ is essential for inflammasome activation/IL-1β secretion and, herein, we examined the hypothesis that cellular cholesterol affects K+ -channel activity and K+ -efflux using mouse peritoneal macrophages (MPMs) and human/THP1 macrophages. An increase in cellular cholesterol led to a significant increase in K+ currents (> 350% in both MPM and THP1). Enhancing cholesterol efflux returned K+ currents back to basal levels with corresponding increase in intracellular K+ (11.2-14.5%) and reduced IL-1β secretion (32-62%). These data demonstrate a novel mechanism by which cellular cholesterol modulates inflammation/inflammasome via regulation of K+ -channel activity and intracellular K+ levels. Attenuation of IL-1β secretion by Nateglinide/Repaglinide further suggests involvement of Kir6 channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, VCU Medical Center, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Paul J Yannie
- Hunter Homes McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, VA, USA
| | | | - Shobha Ghosh
- Department of Internal Medicine, VCU Medical Center, Richmond, VA, USA.,Hunter Homes McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, VA, USA
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46
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Zhang X, Huang Q, Wang X, Deng Z, Li J, Yan X, Jauhiainen M, Metso J, Libby P, Liu J, Shi GP. Dietary cholesterol is essential to mast cell activation and associated obesity and diabetes in mice. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1865:1690-1700. [PMID: 30978390 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mast cell (MC) deficiency in KitW-sh/W-sh mice and inhibition with disodium chromoglycate (DSCG) or ketotifen reduced obesity and diabetes in mice on a high-cholesterol (1.25%) Western diet. Yet, Kit-independent MC-deficient mice and mice treated with DSCG disproved MC function in obesity and diabetes when mice are fed a high-fat diet (HFD) that contains no cholesterol. This study reproduced the obesity and diabetes inhibitory activities of DSCG and ketotifen from mice on a Western diet. Yet, such inhibitory effects were diminished in mice on the HFD. DSCG and ketotifen MC inhibitory activities were recovered from mice on the HFD supplemented with the same amount of cholesterol (1.25%) as that in the Western diet. DSCG and ketotifen effectively blunted the high-cholesterol diet-induced elevations of blood histamine and adipose tissue MC degranulation. Pearson's correlation test demonstrated significant and positive correlations between plasma histamine and total cholesterol or low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL). In cultured bone marrow-derived MCs, plasma from mice following a Western diet or a cholesterol-supplemented HFD, but not those from HFD-fed mice, induced MC degranulation and the release of β-hexosaminidase, histamine, and serotonin. IgE, LDL, very low-density lipoprotein, and high-density lipoprotein also induced MC activation, which can be inhibited by DSCG and ketotifen depending on the doses and types of MC inhibitors and cholesterol, and also the MC granule molecules of interest. DSCG or ketotifen lost their activities in inhibiting LDL-induced activation of MCs from LDL receptor-deficient mice. These results indicate that dietary cholesterol critically influences the function of mouse MCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Zhang
- School of Food & Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Qin Huang
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Rheumatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Food & Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Zhiyong Deng
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Geriatrics, National Key Clinical Specialty, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Geriatrics, National Key Clinical Specialty, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiang Yan
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Matti Jauhiainen
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Genomics and biomarkers unit, Biomedicum 2U, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jari Metso
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Genomics and biomarkers unit, Biomedicum 2U, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Peter Libby
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jian Liu
- School of Food & Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China.
| | - Guo-Ping Shi
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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47
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Freemerman AJ, Zhao L, Pingili AK, Teng B, Cozzo AJ, Fuller AM, Johnson AR, Milner JJ, Lim MF, Galanko JA, Beck MA, Bear JE, Rotty JD, Bezavada L, Smallwood HS, Puchowicz MA, Liu J, Locasale JW, Lee DP, Bennett BJ, Abel ED, Rathmell JC, Makowski L. Myeloid Slc2a1-Deficient Murine Model Revealed Macrophage Activation and Metabolic Phenotype Are Fueled by GLUT1. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2019; 202:1265-1286. [PMID: 30659108 PMCID: PMC6360258 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages (MΦs) are heterogeneous and metabolically flexible, with metabolism strongly affecting immune activation. A classic response to proinflammatory activation is increased flux through glycolysis with a downregulation of oxidative metabolism, whereas alternative activation is primarily oxidative, which begs the question of whether targeting glucose metabolism is a viable approach to control MΦ activation. We created a murine model of myeloid-specific glucose transporter GLUT1 (Slc2a1) deletion. Bone marrow-derived MΦs (BMDM) from Slc2a1M-/- mice failed to uptake glucose and demonstrated reduced glycolysis and pentose phosphate pathway activity. Activated BMDMs displayed elevated metabolism of oleate and glutamine, yet maximal respiratory capacity was blunted in MΦ lacking GLUT1, demonstrating an incomplete metabolic reprogramming. Slc2a1M-/- BMDMs displayed a mixed inflammatory phenotype with reductions of the classically activated pro- and anti-inflammatory markers, yet less oxidative stress. Slc2a1M-/- BMDMs had reduced proinflammatory metabolites, whereas metabolites indicative of alternative activation-such as ornithine and polyamines-were greatly elevated in the absence of GLUT1. Adipose tissue MΦs of lean Slc2a1M-/- mice had increased alternative M2-like activation marker mannose receptor CD206, yet lack of GLUT1 was not a critical mediator in the development of obesity-associated metabolic dysregulation. However, Ldlr-/- mice lacking myeloid GLUT1 developed unstable atherosclerotic lesions. Defective phagocytic capacity in Slc2a1M-/- BMDMs may have contributed to unstable atheroma formation. Together, our findings suggest that although lack of GLUT1 blunted glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway, MΦ were metabolically flexible enough that inflammatory cytokine release was not dramatically regulated, yet phagocytic defects hindered MΦ function in chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex J. Freemerman
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 25799
| | - Liyang Zhao
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 25799
| | - Ajeeth K. Pingili
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163
| | - Bin Teng
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163
| | - Alyssa J. Cozzo
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 25799
| | - Ashley M. Fuller
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Amy R. Johnson
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 25799
| | - J. Justin Milner
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 25799
| | - Maili F. Lim
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 25799
| | - Joseph A. Galanko
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Melinda A. Beck
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 25799
| | - James E. Bear
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Jeremy D. Rotty
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Lavanya Bezavada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163
| | - Heather S. Smallwood
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163
| | - Michelle A. Puchowicz
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163
| | - Juan Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Jason W. Locasale
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710
| | | | - Brian J. Bennett
- U.S. Department of Agriculture Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA 95616
| | - E. Dale Abel
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242;,Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242; and
| | - Jeff C. Rathmell
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Liza Makowski
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 25799; .,Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163
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Fiamoncini J, Fernandes Barbosa C, Arnoni Junior JR, Araújo Junior JC, Taglieri C, Szego T, Gelhaus B, Possolo de Souza H, Daniel H, Martins de Lima T. Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Surgery Induces Distinct but Frequently Transient Effects on Acylcarnitine, Bile Acid and Phospholipid Levels. Metabolites 2018; 8:metabo8040083. [PMID: 30477108 PMCID: PMC6316856 DOI: 10.3390/metabo8040083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is an effective method to achieve sustained weight loss, but the mechanisms responsible for RYGB effects have not yet been fully characterized. In this study, we profiled the concentrations of 143 lipid metabolites in dry blood spots (DBS) of RYGB patients. DBS from obese patients (BMI range 35⁻44 kg/m²) were collected 7 days before, 15 and 90 days after the surgery. LC-MS/MS was used to quantify acylcarnitines, phosphatidylcholines, sphingomyelins and bile acids. RYGB caused a rapid increase in acylcarnitine levels that proved to be only transient, contrasting with the sustained decrease in phosphatidylcholines and increase of sphingomyelins and bile acids. A PLS-DA analysis revealed a 3-component model (R² = 0.9, Q² = 0.74) with key metabolites responsible for the overall metabolite differences. These included the BCAA-derived acylcarnitines and sphingomyelins with 16 and 18 carbons. We found important correlations between the levels of BCAA-derived acylcarnitines and specific sphingomyelins with plasma cholesterol and triacylglycerol concentrations. Along with the marked weight loss and clinical improvements, RYGB induced specific alterations in plasma acylcarnitines, bile acid and phospholipid levels. This calls for more studies on RYGB effects aiming to elucidate the metabolic adaptations that follow this procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarlei Fiamoncini
- Department of Food Science and Experimental Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, 05508-060 São Paulo, Brazil.
- Nutrition and Food Sciences, Technische Universität München, 85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | - Tiago Szego
- Instituto CIGO, 05508-060 São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Barbara Gelhaus
- Nutrition and Food Sciences, Technische Universität München, 85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany.
| | - Heraldo Possolo de Souza
- Laboratório de Emergências Clínicas (LIM 51), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, 05508-060 São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Hannelore Daniel
- Nutrition and Food Sciences, Technische Universität München, 85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany.
| | - Thais Martins de Lima
- Laboratório de Emergências Clínicas (LIM 51), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, 05508-060 São Paulo, Brazil.
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Kanter JE, Goodspeed L, Wang S, Kramer F, Wietecha T, Gomes-Kjerulf D, Subramanian S, O'Brien KD, den Hartigh LJ. 10,12 Conjugated Linoleic Acid-Driven Weight Loss Is Protective against Atherosclerosis in Mice and Is Associated with Alternative Macrophage Enrichment in Perivascular Adipose Tissue. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10101416. [PMID: 30282904 PMCID: PMC6213611 DOI: 10.3390/nu10101416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The dietary fatty acid 10,12 conjugated linoleic acid (10,12 CLA) promotes weight loss by increasing fat oxidation, but its effects on atherosclerosis are less clear. We recently showed that weight loss induced by 10,12 CLA in an atherosclerosis-susceptible mouse model with characteristics similar to human metabolic syndrome is accompanied by accumulation of alternatively activated macrophages within subcutaneous adipose tissue. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether 10,12 CLA-mediated weight loss was associated with an atheroprotective phenotype. Male low-density lipoprotein receptor deficient (Ldlr−/−) mice were made obese with 12 weeks of a high-fat, high-sucrose diet feeding (HFHS: 36% fat, 36% sucrose, 0.15% added cholesterol), then either continued on the HFHS diet with or without caloric restriction (CR), or switched to a diet with 1% of the lard replaced by either 9,11 CLA or 10,12 CLA for 8 weeks. Atherosclerosis and lipid levels were quantified at sacrifice. Weight loss in mice following 10,12 CLA supplementation or CR as a weight-matched control group had improved cholesterol and triglyceride levels, yet only the 10,12 CLA-treated mice had improved en face and aortic sinus atherosclerosis. 10,12 CLA-supplemented mice had increased lesion macrophage content, with enrichment of surrounding perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) alternative macrophages, which may contribute to the anti-atherosclerotic effect of 10,12 CLA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny E Kanter
- Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Box 358062, 750 Republican Street, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
| | - Leela Goodspeed
- Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Box 358062, 750 Republican Street, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
| | - Shari Wang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Box 358062, 750 Republican Street, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
| | - Farah Kramer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Box 358062, 750 Republican Street, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
| | - Tomasz Wietecha
- Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Box 358062, 750 Republican Street, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Cardiology, University of Washington, Box 356422, 1959 Pacific Ave NE, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | - Diego Gomes-Kjerulf
- Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Box 358062, 750 Republican Street, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
| | - Savitha Subramanian
- Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Box 358062, 750 Republican Street, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
| | - Kevin D O'Brien
- Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Box 358062, 750 Republican Street, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Cardiology, University of Washington, Box 356422, 1959 Pacific Ave NE, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | - Laura J den Hartigh
- Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Box 358062, 750 Republican Street, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
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den Hartigh LJ, Goodspeed L, Wang SA, Kenerson HL, Omer M, O'Brien KD, Ladiges W, Yeung R, Subramanian S. Chronic oral rapamycin decreases adiposity, hepatic triglycerides and insulin resistance in male mice fed a diet high in sucrose and saturated fat. Exp Physiol 2018; 103:1469-1480. [PMID: 30117227 DOI: 10.1113/ep087207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? Whether chronic oral rapamycin promotes beneficial effects on glucose/lipid metabolism and energy balance when administered to mice with an obesogenic diet rich in saturated fat and sucrose has not been explored. What is the main finding and its importance? Chronic oral rapamycin reduces body weight and fat gain, improves insulin sensitivity and reduces hepatic steatosis when administered to mice with a high-fat, high-sucrose diet. In addition, we make the new observation that there appear to be tissue-specific effects of rapamycin. Although rapamycin appears to impart its effects mainly on visceral adipose tissue, its effects on insulin sensitivity are mediated by subcutaneous adipose tissue. ABSTRACT Excess adiposity is commonly associated with insulin resistance, which can increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. However, the exact molecular mechanisms by which obesity results in insulin resistance are yet to be understood clearly. The intracellular nutrient-sensing protein, mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), is a crucial signalling component in the development of obesity-associated insulin resistance. Given that increased tissue activation of mTOR complex-1 (mTORC1) occurs in obesity, diabetes and ageing, we hypothesized that pharmacological inhibition of mTORC1 would improve metabolic dysregulation in diet-induced obesity. We administered continuous rapamycin, a specific mTORC1 inhibitor, orally to C57BL/6J mice concurrently with a high-fat, high-sucrose (HFHS) diet for 20 weeks. The control group received placebo microcapsules. Rapamycin-treated mice showed significantly reduced weight gain and adiposity (33.6 ± 4.9 versus 40.4 ± 3.0% body fat, P < 0.001, n = 8 mice per group), despite increased or equivalent food intake compared with the placebo group. The rapamycin-fed mice also demonstrated reduced plasma glucose (252 ± 57 versus 297 ± 67 mg dl-1 , P < 0.001) and improved insulin sensitivity during insulin and glucose tolerance testing. Rapamycin-treated mice also had lower plasma triglycerides (48 ± 13 versus 67 ± 11 mg/dL, P < 0.01) and hepatic triglyceride content (89 ± 15 versus 110 ± 19 mg/g liver, P < 0.05) compared with the placebo group. A moderately low dose of rapamycin decreased adiposity and improved the metabolic profile in a model of diet-induced obesity. These data suggest that low-grade chronic mTORC1 inhibition might be a potential strategy for anti-obesity therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J den Hartigh
- Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98019, USA.,Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98019, USA
| | - Leela Goodspeed
- Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98019, USA.,Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98019, USA
| | - Shari A Wang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98019, USA.,Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98019, USA
| | - Heidi L Kenerson
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98019, USA
| | - Mohamed Omer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98019, USA.,Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98019, USA
| | - Kevin D O'Brien
- Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98019, USA.,Division of Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98019, USA
| | - Warren Ladiges
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98019, USA
| | - Raymond Yeung
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98019, USA
| | - Savitha Subramanian
- Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98019, USA.,Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98019, USA
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