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Minato-Inokawa S, Honda M, Tsuboi-Kaji A, Takeuchi M, Kitaoka K, Kurata M, Wu B, Kazumi T, Fukuo K. Adipose tissue insulin resistance index was inversely associated with gluteofemoral fat and skeletal muscle mass in Japanese women. Sci Rep 2024; 14:16347. [PMID: 39013950 PMCID: PMC11252386 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-67184-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Associations of adipose tissue insulin resistance index (AT-IR, a product of fasting insulin and free fatty acids) with body fat mass and distribution and appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) were compared with results of homeostasis-model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in 284 Japanese female university students and 148 their biological mothers whose BMI averaged < 23 kg/m2. Although mothers compared with daughters had higher BMI, body fat percentage, trunk fat to body fat (TF/BF) ratio and lower leg fat to body fat (LF/BF), AT-IR and HOMA-IR did not differ. We had multivariable linear regression analyses which included TF/BF ratio, LF/BF ratio, weight-adjusted ASM (%ASM), height-adjusted ASM index (ASMI), fat mass index (FMI), and body fat percentage. In young women, AT-IR was independently associated with LF/BF ratio (Standardized β [Sβ]: - 0.139, p = 0.019) and ASMI (Sβ: - 0.167, p = 0.005). In middle-aged women, LF/BF ratio (Sβ: - 0.177, p = 0.049) and %ASM (Sβ: - 0.205, p = 0.02) emerged as independent determinants of AT-IR. HOMA-IR was associated with TF/BF ratio and FMI, a proxy of abdominal and general adiposity, respectively, in both young and middle-aged women. The inverse association of AT-IR with leg fat may support the notion that limited peripheral adipose storage capacity and small skeletal muscle size are important etiological components in insulin-resistant cardiometabolic disease in Japanese women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satomi Minato-Inokawa
- Research Institute for Nutrition Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, 6-46, Ikebiraki-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8558, Japan
- Laboratory of Community Health and Nutrition, Department of Bioscience, Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan
| | - Mari Honda
- Open Research Center for Studying of Lifestyle-Related Diseases, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
- Department of Health, Sports, and Nutrition, Faculty of Health and Welfare, Kobe Women's University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Ayaka Tsuboi-Kaji
- Research Institute for Nutrition Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, 6-46, Ikebiraki-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8558, Japan
- Department of Nutrition, Osaka City Juso Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mika Takeuchi
- Research Institute for Nutrition Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, 6-46, Ikebiraki-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8558, Japan
| | - Kaori Kitaoka
- Research Institute for Nutrition Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, 6-46, Ikebiraki-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8558, Japan
- Department of Advanced Epidemiology, Noncommunicable Disease (NCD) Epidemiology Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Miki Kurata
- Research Institute for Nutrition Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, 6-46, Ikebiraki-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8558, Japan
- Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Bin Wu
- Open Research Center for Studying of Lifestyle-Related Diseases, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Tsutomu Kazumi
- Research Institute for Nutrition Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, 6-46, Ikebiraki-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8558, Japan.
- Open Research Center for Studying of Lifestyle-Related Diseases, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan.
- Department of Medicine, Kohan Kakogawa Hospital, Kakogawa, Hyogo, Japan.
| | - Keisuke Fukuo
- Research Institute for Nutrition Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, 6-46, Ikebiraki-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8558, Japan
- Open Research Center for Studying of Lifestyle-Related Diseases, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
- Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
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Agrawal S, Luan J, Cummings BB, Weiss EJ, Wareham NJ, Khera AV. Relationship of Fat Mass Ratio, a Biomarker for Lipodystrophy, With Cardiometabolic Traits. Diabetes 2024; 73:1099-1111. [PMID: 38345889 PMCID: PMC11189835 DOI: 10.2337/db23-0575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Familial partial lipodystrophy (FPLD) is a heterogenous group of syndromes associated with a high prevalence of cardiometabolic diseases. Prior work has proposed DEXA-derived fat mass ratio (FMR), defined as trunk fat percentage divided by leg fat percentage, as a biomarker of FPLD, but this metric has not previously been characterized in large cohort studies. We set out to 1) understand the cardiometabolic burden of individuals with high FMR in up to 40,796 participants in the UK Biobank and 9,408 participants in the Fenland study, 2) characterize the common variant genetic underpinnings of FMR, and 3) build and test a polygenic predictor for FMR. Participants with high FMR were at higher risk for type 2 diabetes (odds ratio [OR] 2.30, P = 3.5 × 10-41) and metabolic dysfunction-associated liver disease or steatohepatitis (OR 2.55, P = 4.9 × 10-7) in UK Biobank and had higher fasting insulin (difference 19.8 pmol/L, P = 5.7 × 10-36) and fasting triglycerides (difference 36.1 mg/dL, P = 2.5 × 10-28) in the Fenland study. Across FMR and its component traits, 61 conditionally independent variant-trait pairs were discovered, including 13 newly identified pairs. A polygenic score for FMR was associated with an increased risk of cardiometabolic diseases. This work establishes the cardiometabolic significance of high FMR, a biomarker for FPLD, in two large cohort studies and may prove useful in increasing diagnosis rates of patients with metabolically unhealthy fat distribution to enable treatment or a preventive therapy. ARTICLE HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Saaket Agrawal
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jian’an Luan
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, U.K
| | | | | | - Nick J. Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Amit V. Khera
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
- Verve Therapeutics, Boston, MA
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Cao Z, Zhao Y, Liu R, Yan X, Wang J, Chen N. Identification of ibuprofen targeting CXCR family members to alleviate metabolic disturbance in lipodystrophy based on bioinformatics and in vivo experimental verification. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1414908. [PMID: 38989000 PMCID: PMC11236084 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1414908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Lipodystrophy is a rare disease that is poorly diagnosed due to its low prevalence and frequent phenotypic heterogeneity. The main therapeutic measures for patients with clinical lipodystrophy are aimed at improving general metabolic complications such as diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance, and hypertriglyceridemia. Therefore, there is an urgent need to find new biomarkers to aid in the diagnosis and targeted treatment of patients with congenital generalized lipodystrophy (CGL). Methods Dataset GSE159337 was obtained via the Gene Expression Omnibus database. First, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between CGL and control samples were yielded via differential expression analysis and were analyzed for Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment to explore the functional pathways. Next, protein-protein interaction analysis and the MCC algorithm were implemented to yield candidate genes, which were then subjected to receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis to identify biomarkers with an area under the curve value exceeding 0.8. Moreover, random forest (RF), logistic regression, and support vector machine (SVM) analyses were carried out to assess the diagnostic ability of biomarkers for CGL. Finally, the small-molecule drugs targeting biomarkers were predicted, and ibuprofen was further validated in lipodystrophy mice. Results A total of 71 DEGs in GSE159337 were sifted out and were involved in immune receptor activity, immune response-regulating signaling pathway, and secretory granule membrane. Moreover, CXCR2, TNFSF10, NLRC4, CCR2, CEACAM3, TLR10, TNFAIP3, and JUN were considered as biomarkers by performing ROC analysis on 10 candidate genes. Meanwhile, RF, logistic regression, and SVM analyses further described that those biomarkers had an excellent diagnosis capability for CGL. Eventually, the drug-gene network included ibuprofen-CXCR1, ibuprofen-CXCR1, cenicriviroc-CCR2, fenofibrate-JUN, and other relationship pairs. Ibuprofen treatment was also validated to downregulate CXCR1 and CXCR2 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and improve glucose tolerance, hypertriglyceridemia, hepatic steatosis, and liver inflammation in lipodystrophy mice. Conclusion Eight biomarkers, namely, CXCR2, TNFSF10, NLRC4, CCR2, CEACAM3, TLR10, TNFAIP3, and JUN, were identified through bioinformatic analyses, and ibuprofen targeting CXCR1 and CXCR2 in PBMCs was shown to improve metabolic disturbance in lipodystrophy, contributing to studies related to the diagnosis and treatment of lipodystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwen Cao
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuxiao Zhao
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruixin Liu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xialin Yan
- Department of Colorectal Anal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jiqiu Wang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Na Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Guidorizzi NR, Valerio CM, Viola LF, Veras VR, Fernandes VO, Lima GEDCP, Flor AC, Araújo JS, Gonçalves Muniz RB, Moreira RO, De Paula FJA, Zajdenverg L, Dantas JR, Godoy-Matos AF, Montenegro Júnior RM, Foss-Freitas MC. Comprehensive analysis of morbidity and mortality patterns in familial partial lipodystrophy patients: insights from a population study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1359211. [PMID: 38887266 PMCID: PMC11180885 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1359211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background There is a lack of information on the clinical and molecular presentation of familial partial lipodystrophy (FPLD), a rare genetic disorder characterized by partial subcutaneous fat loss. Objective This study aimed to provide a comprehensive assessment of the clinical, metabolic, and genetic features of FPLD in the Brazilian population. Methods In a multicenter cross-sectional investigation we evaluated patients with FPLD across five Brazilian reference centers for lipodystrophies. Diagnosis of FPLD was made by clinical evaluation and genetic confirmation. Data on genetic, clinical, and metabolic characteristics were captured. Statistical analysis involved the utilization of the Kruskal-Wallis test to identify differences. Results The study included 106 patients with genetic confirmation of FPLD. The mean age was 44 ± 15 years, and they were predominantly female (78.3%). LMNA pathogenic variants were identified in 85.8% of patients, PPARG in 10.4%, PLIN1 in 2.8%, and MFN2 in 0.9%. Diabetes mellitus (DM) was highly prevalent (57.5%), affecting 54 females (50.9%). Median triglycerides levels were 199 mg/dL (54-2724 mg/dL), severe hypertriglyceridemia (≥ 500 mg/dL) was found in 34.9% and pancreatitis in 8.5%. Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) was observed in 56.6%, and cardiovascular disease in 10.4%. The overall mortality rate was 3.8%, due to cardiovascular events. Conclusion This study presents an extensive cohort of Brazilian patients with FPLD, predominantly DM with several multisystem complications. A comprehensive characterization of lipodystrophy syndromes is crucial for effective patient management and care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália Rossin Guidorizzi
- Brazilian Group for the Study of Inherited and Acquired Lipodystrophies (BRAZLIPO), Fortaleza, Brazil
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabology, Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Hospital of Ribeirão Preto Medicine School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Cynthia M. Valerio
- Brazilian Group for the Study of Inherited and Acquired Lipodystrophies (BRAZLIPO), Fortaleza, Brazil
- Department of Metabolism, Institute of Diabetes and Endocrinology of Rio de Janeiro (IEDE), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luiz F. Viola
- Brazilian Group for the Study of Inherited and Acquired Lipodystrophies (BRAZLIPO), Fortaleza, Brazil
- Rondonópolis Diabetes and Endocrinology Center (CEDERO), Rondonópolis, Brazil
| | - Victor Rezende Veras
- Brazilian Group for the Study of Inherited and Acquired Lipodystrophies (BRAZLIPO), Fortaleza, Brazil
- Clinical Research Unit, Walter Cantídio University Hospital, Federal University of Ceará/Empresa Brasileira de Serviços Hospitalares - Brazilian Hospital Services Company (EBSERH), Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Virgínia Oliveira Fernandes
- Brazilian Group for the Study of Inherited and Acquired Lipodystrophies (BRAZLIPO), Fortaleza, Brazil
- Clinical Research Unit, Walter Cantídio University Hospital, Federal University of Ceará/Empresa Brasileira de Serviços Hospitalares - Brazilian Hospital Services Company (EBSERH), Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Grayce Ellen da Cruz Paiva Lima
- Brazilian Group for the Study of Inherited and Acquired Lipodystrophies (BRAZLIPO), Fortaleza, Brazil
- Clinical Research Unit, Walter Cantídio University Hospital, Federal University of Ceará/Empresa Brasileira de Serviços Hospitalares - Brazilian Hospital Services Company (EBSERH), Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Amanda Caboclo Flor
- Brazilian Group for the Study of Inherited and Acquired Lipodystrophies (BRAZLIPO), Fortaleza, Brazil
- Clinical Research Unit, Walter Cantídio University Hospital, Federal University of Ceará/Empresa Brasileira de Serviços Hospitalares - Brazilian Hospital Services Company (EBSERH), Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Jessica Silveira Araújo
- Brazilian Group for the Study of Inherited and Acquired Lipodystrophies (BRAZLIPO), Fortaleza, Brazil
- Clinical Research Unit, Walter Cantídio University Hospital, Federal University of Ceará/Empresa Brasileira de Serviços Hospitalares - Brazilian Hospital Services Company (EBSERH), Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Raquel Beatriz Gonçalves Muniz
- Brazilian Group for the Study of Inherited and Acquired Lipodystrophies (BRAZLIPO), Fortaleza, Brazil
- Department of Metabolism, Institute of Diabetes and Endocrinology of Rio de Janeiro (IEDE), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Oliveira Moreira
- Brazilian Group for the Study of Inherited and Acquired Lipodystrophies (BRAZLIPO), Fortaleza, Brazil
- Department of Metabolism, Institute of Diabetes and Endocrinology of Rio de Janeiro (IEDE), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Francisco José Albuquerque De Paula
- Brazilian Group for the Study of Inherited and Acquired Lipodystrophies (BRAZLIPO), Fortaleza, Brazil
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabology, Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Hospital of Ribeirão Preto Medicine School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Lenita Zajdenverg
- Brazilian Group for the Study of Inherited and Acquired Lipodystrophies (BRAZLIPO), Fortaleza, Brazil
- Internal Medicine Department - Nutrology and Diabetes Session, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Joana R. Dantas
- Brazilian Group for the Study of Inherited and Acquired Lipodystrophies (BRAZLIPO), Fortaleza, Brazil
- Internal Medicine Department - Nutrology and Diabetes Session, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Amélio F. Godoy-Matos
- Brazilian Group for the Study of Inherited and Acquired Lipodystrophies (BRAZLIPO), Fortaleza, Brazil
- Department of Metabolism, Institute of Diabetes and Endocrinology of Rio de Janeiro (IEDE), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Renan Magalhães Montenegro Júnior
- Brazilian Group for the Study of Inherited and Acquired Lipodystrophies (BRAZLIPO), Fortaleza, Brazil
- Clinical Research Unit, Walter Cantídio University Hospital, Federal University of Ceará/Empresa Brasileira de Serviços Hospitalares - Brazilian Hospital Services Company (EBSERH), Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Maria Cristina Foss-Freitas
- Brazilian Group for the Study of Inherited and Acquired Lipodystrophies (BRAZLIPO), Fortaleza, Brazil
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes (MEND), Department of Internal Medicine, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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Minato-Inokawa S, Honda M, Tsuboi-Kaji A, Takeuchi M, Kitaoka K, Kurata M, Wu B, Kazumi T, Fukuo K. Associations of adipose insulin resistance index with leg (gluteofemoral) fat (inverse) and serum alanine aminotransferase (positive) in young Japanese women. Metabol Open 2024; 22:100289. [PMID: 38872905 PMCID: PMC11169472 DOI: 10.1016/j.metop.2024.100289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim Associations of the adipose tissue insulin resistance index (AT-IR, a product of fasting insulin and free fatty acid) with body fat distribution and the ratio of alanine to aspartate aminotransferase (ALT/AST), a marker of hepatosteatosis, were examined in the context of the metabolic syndrome. Methods Legs, the trunk and body fat by DXA, blood pressure (BP) and blood chemistry were measured in 284 young Japanese female university students and 148 middle-aged biological mothers whose BMI averaged <23 kg/m2. Results Young women had higher leg fat/body fat and lower trunk fat/body fat ratio (both p < 0.001) compared with middle-aged women but AT-IR did not differ between the two groups. We had multivariable linear regression analysis for AT-IR as a dependent variable including leg fat/body fat ratio, trunk fat/body fat ratio, fasting glucose, triglyceride, HDL cholesterol and systolic BP as independent variables. Leg fat/body fat ratio, fasting glucose and triglyceride (p = 0.013, 0.009 and 0.016, respectively) emerged as determinants of AT-IR in young women. Trunk fat/body fat ratio and fasting glucose (p = 0.003 and 0.019, respectively) emerged in middle-aged women. In a model which included ALT/AST as an additional independent variable, ALT/AST (p = 0.016) was the fourth independent determinant in young women and the single determinant of AT-IR in middle-aged women (p < 0.001). Conclusion In young Japanese women, adipose tissue insulin resistance was associated with reduced leg fat, a subtle partial lipodystrophy-like phenotype associated with reduced adipose tissue expandability. It was associated with elevated trunk (abdominal) fat in middle-aged women and with ALT/AST, a marker of hepatosteatosis, in two groups of Japanese women, suggesting ectopic fat deposition associated with reduced adipose tissue expandability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satomi Minato-Inokawa
- Research Institute for Nutrition Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
- Laboratory of Community Health and Nutrition, Department of Bioscience, Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan
| | - Mari Honda
- Open Research Center for Studying of Lifestyle-Related Diseases, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
- Department of Health, Sports, and Nutrition, Faculty of Health and Welfare, Kobe Women's University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Ayaka Tsuboi-Kaji
- Research Institute for Nutrition Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
- Department of Nutrition, Osaka City Juso Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mika Takeuchi
- Research Institute for Nutrition Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Kaori Kitaoka
- Research Institute for Nutrition Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
- Department of Advanced Epidemiology, Noncommunicable Disease (NCD) Epidemiology Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Miki Kurata
- Research Institute for Nutrition Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
- Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Bin Wu
- Open Research Center for Studying of Lifestyle-Related Diseases, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Tsutomu Kazumi
- Research Institute for Nutrition Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
- Open Research Center for Studying of Lifestyle-Related Diseases, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
- Department of Medicine, Kohan Kakogawa Hospital, Kakogawa, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Keisuke Fukuo
- Research Institute for Nutrition Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
- Open Research Center for Studying of Lifestyle-Related Diseases, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
- Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
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Wu Y, Sun Y, Song Y, Wang J, Han Y, Yang N, Lin H, Yin Y, Han X. PPA1 promotes adipogenesis by regulating the stability of C/EBPs. Cell Death Differ 2024:10.1038/s41418-024-01309-2. [PMID: 38762596 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-024-01309-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Adipogenesis significantly contributes to healthy adipose tissue expansion in obesity. Increasing adipocyte number or function to alleviate adipose tissue overload could serve as a therapeutic strategy for both lipodystrophy and obesity-related metabolic syndrome. Inorganic pyrophosphatase (PPA1) is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of pyrophosphate (PPi) and is involved in many biochemical reactions, but its function in adipose tissue has not been studied previously. In this study, we demonstrated that adipose-specific PPA1 knockout (PPA1AKO) mice showed lipodystrophy and spontaneously developed hepatic steatosis and severe insulin resistance under normal chow diet feeding. PPA1 deficiency suppressed the differentiation of primary adipocyte precursors and 3T3-L1 cells. Notably, PPA1 overexpression can restore inhibited adipogenesis in preadipocytes isolated from db/db mice and type 2 diabetes patients. Mechanistic studies have revealed that PPA1 acts as a positive regulator of early adipocyte differentiation by promoting CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteinβ and δ (C/EBPβ and δ) protein stability. Moreover, the function of PPA1 in adipogenesis is independent of its PPi catalytic activity. Collectively, our in vivo and in vitro findings demonstrated that PPA1 is a novel critical upstream regulator of adipogenesis, controlling adipose tissue development and whole-body metabolic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Women and Children's Healthcare Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuqing Song
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiateng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ye Han
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Nan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haiyan Lin
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Ye Yin
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xiao Han
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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Choi S, Kang JG, Tran YTH, Jeong SH, Park KY, Shin H, Kim YH, Park M, Nahmgoong H, Seol T, Jeon H, Kim Y, Park S, Kim HJ, Kim MS, Li X, Bou Sleiman M, Lee E, Choi J, Eisenbarth D, Lee SH, Cho S, Moore DD, Auwerx J, Kim IY, Kim JB, Park JE, Lim DS, Suh JM. Hippo-YAP/TAZ signalling coordinates adipose plasticity and energy balance by uncoupling leptin expression from fat mass. Nat Metab 2024; 6:847-860. [PMID: 38811804 PMCID: PMC11136666 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-024-01045-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Adipose tissues serve as an energy reservoir and endocrine organ, yet the mechanisms that coordinate these functions remain elusive. Here, we show that the transcriptional coregulators, YAP and TAZ, uncouple fat mass from leptin levels and regulate adipocyte plasticity to maintain metabolic homeostasis. Activating YAP/TAZ signalling in adipocytes by deletion of the upstream regulators Lats1 and Lats2 results in a profound reduction in fat mass by converting mature adipocytes into delipidated progenitor-like cells, but does not cause lipodystrophy-related metabolic dysfunction, due to a paradoxical increase in circulating leptin levels. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that YAP/TAZ-TEAD signalling upregulates leptin expression by directly binding to an upstream enhancer site of the leptin gene. We further show that YAP/TAZ activity is associated with, and functionally required for, leptin regulation during fasting and refeeding. These results suggest that adipocyte Hippo-YAP/TAZ signalling constitutes a nexus for coordinating adipose tissue lipid storage capacity and systemic energy balance through the regulation of adipocyte plasticity and leptin gene transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungwoo Choi
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- National Creative Research Center for Cell Plasticity, KAIST Stem Cell Center, Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Gyeong Kang
- National Creative Research Center for Cell Plasticity, KAIST Stem Cell Center, Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yen T H Tran
- National Creative Research Center for Cell Plasticity, KAIST Stem Cell Center, Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Hye Jeong
- National Creative Research Center for Cell Plasticity, KAIST Stem Cell Center, Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kun-Young Park
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyemi Shin
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hoon Kim
- National Creative Research Center for Cell Plasticity, KAIST Stem Cell Center, Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Myungsun Park
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hahn Nahmgoong
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Taejun Seol
- National Creative Research Center for Cell Plasticity, KAIST Stem Cell Center, Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Haeyon Jeon
- National Creative Research Center for Cell Plasticity, KAIST Stem Cell Center, Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeongmin Kim
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Gachon Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghee Park
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Joo Kim
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Gachon Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Seob Kim
- Department of Fundamental Environment Research, Environmental Measurement and Analysis Center, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiaoxu Li
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Maroun Bou Sleiman
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Eries Lee
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhyuk Choi
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - David Eisenbarth
- National Creative Research Center for Cell Plasticity, KAIST Stem Cell Center, Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Heon Lee
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Suhyeon Cho
- National Creative Research Center for Cell Plasticity, KAIST Stem Cell Center, Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - David D Moore
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Johan Auwerx
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Il-Young Kim
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Bum Kim
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Eun Park
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Sik Lim
- National Creative Research Center for Cell Plasticity, KAIST Stem Cell Center, Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae Myoung Suh
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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8
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Majchrzak M, Stojanović O, Ajjaji D, Ben M'barek K, Omrane M, Thiam AR, Klemm RW. Perilipin membrane integration determines lipid droplet heterogeneity in differentiating adipocytes. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114093. [PMID: 38602875 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The storage of fat within lipid droplets (LDs) of adipocytes is critical for whole-body health. Acute fatty acid (FA) uptake by differentiating adipocytes leads to the formation of at least two LD classes marked by distinct perilipins (PLINs). How this LD heterogeneity arises is an important yet unresolved cell biological problem. Here, we show that an unconventional integral membrane segment (iMS) targets the adipocyte specific LD surface factor PLIN1 to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and facilitates high-affinity binding to the first LD class. The other PLINs remain largely excluded from these LDs until FA influx recruits them to a second LD population. Preventing ER targeting turns PLIN1 into a soluble, cytoplasmic LD protein, reduces its LD affinity, and switches its LD class specificity. Conversely, moving the iMS to PLIN2 leads to ER insertion and formation of a separate LD class. Our results shed light on how differences in organelle targeting and disparities in lipid affinity of LD surface factors contribute to formation of LD heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Majchrzak
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ozren Stojanović
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Dalila Ajjaji
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'École Normale Supérieure (ENS), Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Kalthoum Ben M'barek
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'École Normale Supérieure (ENS), Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Mohyeddine Omrane
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'École Normale Supérieure (ENS), Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Abdou Rachid Thiam
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'École Normale Supérieure (ENS), Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Robin W Klemm
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK; Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
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9
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Fourman LT, Tsai LL, Brown RJ, O'Rahilly S. Case 10-2024: A 46-Year-Old Woman with Hyperglycemia Refractory to Insulin Therapy. N Engl J Med 2024; 390:1219-1229. [PMID: 38598578 DOI: 10.1056/nejmcpc2312729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay T Fourman
- From the Departments of Medicine (L.T.F.) and Radiology (L.L.T.), Massachusetts General Hospital, and the Departments of Medicine (L.T.F.) and Radiology (L.L.T.), Harvard Medical School - both in Boston; the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases and the National Institutes of Health - both in Bethesda, MD (R.J.B.); and the Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (S.O.)
| | - Leo L Tsai
- From the Departments of Medicine (L.T.F.) and Radiology (L.L.T.), Massachusetts General Hospital, and the Departments of Medicine (L.T.F.) and Radiology (L.L.T.), Harvard Medical School - both in Boston; the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases and the National Institutes of Health - both in Bethesda, MD (R.J.B.); and the Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (S.O.)
| | - Rebecca J Brown
- From the Departments of Medicine (L.T.F.) and Radiology (L.L.T.), Massachusetts General Hospital, and the Departments of Medicine (L.T.F.) and Radiology (L.L.T.), Harvard Medical School - both in Boston; the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases and the National Institutes of Health - both in Bethesda, MD (R.J.B.); and the Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (S.O.)
| | - Stephen O'Rahilly
- From the Departments of Medicine (L.T.F.) and Radiology (L.L.T.), Massachusetts General Hospital, and the Departments of Medicine (L.T.F.) and Radiology (L.L.T.), Harvard Medical School - both in Boston; the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases and the National Institutes of Health - both in Bethesda, MD (R.J.B.); and the Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (S.O.)
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10
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Ma Q, Jiang L, You Y, Ni H, Ma L, Lin X, Wang Z, Yan W, Xiao X, Li X, Li J. Ketogenic diet ameliorates high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance in mouse skeletal muscle by alleviating endoplasmic reticulum stress. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 702:149559. [PMID: 38341923 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.149559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ketogenic diets (KD) have been shown to alleviate insulin resistance (IR) by exerting anti-lipogenic and insulin sensitizing effects in the liver through a variety of pathways. The present study sought to investigate whether a ketogenic diet also improves insulin sensitization in skeletal muscle cells through alleviating endoplasmic reticulum stress. METHODS High-fat diet-induced IR mice were allowed to a 2-week ketogenic diet. Insulin resistance and glucose tolerance were evaluated through GTT, ITT, and HOMA-IR. The C2C12 myoblasts exposed to palmitic acid were used to evaluate the insulin sensitization effects of β-hydroxybutyric acid (β-OHB). Molecular mechanisms concerning ER stress signaling activation and glucose uptake were assessed. RESULTS The AKT/GSK3β pathway was inhibited, ER stress signaling associated with IRE1, PERK, and BIP was activated, and the number of Glut4 proteins translocated to membrane decreased in the muscle of HFD mice. However, all these changes were reversed after 2 weeks of feeding on a ketogenic diet. Consistently in C2C12 myoblasts, the AKT/GSK3β pathway was inhibited by palmitic acid (PA) treatment. The endoplasmic reticulum stress-related proteins, IRE1, and BIP were increased, and the number of Glut4 proteins on the cell membrane decreased. However, β-OHB treatment alleviated ER stress and improved the glucose uptake of C2C12 cells. CONCLUSION Our data reveal that KD ameliorated HFD-induced insulin resistance in skeletal muscle, which was partially mediated by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress. The insulin sensitization effect of β-OHB is associated with up regulation of AKT/GSK3β pathway and the increase in the number of Glut4 proteins on the cell membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Ma
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; The Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Major Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Lincheng Jiang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; The Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Major Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yuehua You
- The Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Major Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Hongbing Ni
- The Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Major Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Li Ma
- The Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Major Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xiaojing Lin
- The Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Major Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Zhuyun Wang
- The Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Major Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Weiyan Yan
- The Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Major Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xiaoqiu Xiao
- The Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Major Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Jibin Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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11
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Hagberg CE, Spalding KL. White adipocyte dysfunction and obesity-associated pathologies in humans. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2024; 25:270-289. [PMID: 38086922 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-023-00680-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity and associated chronic diseases continues to increase worldwide, negatively impacting on societies and economies. Whereas the association between excess body weight and increased risk for developing a multitude of diseases is well established, the initiating mechanisms by which weight gain impairs our metabolic health remain surprisingly contested. In order to better address the myriad of disease states associated with obesity, it is essential to understand adipose tissue dysfunction and develop strategies for reinforcing adipocyte health. In this Review we outline the diverse physiological functions and pathological roles of human white adipocytes, examining our current knowledge of why white adipocytes are vital for systemic metabolic control, yet poorly adapted to our current obesogenic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina E Hagberg
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kirsty L Spalding
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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12
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Al Yaarubi S, Alsagheir A, Al Shidhani A, Alzelaye S, Alghazir N, Brema I, Alsaffar H, Al Dubayee M, Alshahrani A, Abdelmeguid Y, Omar OM, Attia N, Al Amiri E, Al Jubeh J, Algethami A, Alkhayyat H, Haleem A, Al Yahyaei M, Khochtali I, Babli S, Nugud A, Thalange N, Albalushi S, Hergli N, Deeb A, Alfadhel M. Analysis of disease characteristics of a large patient cohort with congenital generalized lipodystrophy from the Middle East and North Africa. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2024; 19:118. [PMID: 38481246 PMCID: PMC10935864 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-024-03084-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital generalized lipodystrophy (CGL) is a rare inherited disease characterized by a near-total absence of adipose tissue and is associated with organ system abnormalities and severe metabolic complications. Here, we have analyzed the disease characteristics of the largest CGL cohort from the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) who have not received lipodystrophy-specific treatment. METHODS CGL was diagnosed clinically by treating physicians through physical assessment and supported by genetic analysis, fat loss patterns, family history, and the presence of parental consanguinity. Data were obtained at the time of patient diagnosis and during leptin-replacement naïve follow-up visits as permitted by available medical records. RESULTS Data from 43 patients with CGL (37 females, 86%) were collected from centers located in eight countries. The mean (median, range) age at diagnosis was 5.1 (1.0, at birth-37) years. Genetic analysis of the overall cohort showed that CGL1 (n = 14, 33%) and CGL2 (n = 18, 42%) were the predominant CGL subtypes followed by CGL4 (n = 10, 23%); a genetic diagnosis was unavailable for one patient (2%). There was a high prevalence of parental consanguinity (93%) and family history (67%) of lipodystrophy, with 64% (n = 25/39) and 51% (n = 20/39) of patients presenting with acromegaloid features and acanthosis nigricans, respectively. Eighty-one percent (n = 35/43) of patients had at least one organ abnormality; the most frequently affected organs were the liver (70%, n = 30/43), the cardiovascular system (37%, n = 16/43) and the spleen (33%, n = 14/43). Thirteen out of 28 (46%) patients had HbA1c > 5.7% and 20/33 (61%) had triglyceride levels > 2.26 mmol/L (200 mg/dl). Generally, patients diagnosed in adolescence or later had a greater severity of metabolic disease versus those diagnosed during childhood; however, metabolic and organ system abnormalities were observed in a subset of patients diagnosed before or at 1 year of age. CONCLUSIONS This analysis suggests that in addition to the early onset of fat loss, family history and high consanguinity enable the identification of young patients with CGL in the MENA region. In patients with CGL who have not received lipodystrophy-specific treatment, severe metabolic disease and organ abnormalities can develop by late childhood and worsen with age.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Afaf Alsagheir
- Pediatrics Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Azza Al Shidhani
- Department of Child Health, Division of Endocrinology, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Al-Khod, Muscat, Oman
| | - Somaya Alzelaye
- Center of Endocrinology and Diabetes Mellitus, Al-Qunfudah General Hospital, Makkah Province, Al-Qunfudah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nadia Alghazir
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Tripoli University Hospital, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Imad Brema
- Obesity, Endocrine, and Metabolism Center, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussain Alsaffar
- Department of Child Health, Division of Endocrinology, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Al-Khod, Muscat, Oman
| | - Mohammed Al Dubayee
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medicine, Ministry of the National Guard-Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Awad Alshahrani
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medicine, Ministry of the National Guard-Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Omneya M Omar
- Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Najya Attia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elham Al Amiri
- Al Qassimi Women & Children Hospital, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Jamal Al Jubeh
- Sheikh Khalifa Medical City, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Haya Alkhayyat
- Bahrain Defence Force Royal Medical Services, Riffa, Bahrain
| | - Azad Haleem
- University of Duhok/College of Medicine, Duhok, Iraq
| | - Mouza Al Yahyaei
- National Diabetes and Endocrine Center, Royal Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | - Ines Khochtali
- Internal Medicine and Endocrinology Department, Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Saleha Babli
- Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Nugud
- Al Jalila Children's Specialty Hospital, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nandu Thalange
- Al Jalila Children's Specialty Hospital, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | | | | | - Asma Deeb
- Pediatric Endocrine Division, Sheikh Shakhbout Medical City & College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Majid Alfadhel
- Genetic and Precision Medicine Department, King Abdullah Specialized Children Hospital, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNGHA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNGHA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNGH), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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13
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Besci O, Foss de Freitas MC, Guidorizzi NR, Guler MC, Gilio D, Maung JN, Schill RL, Hoose KS, Obua BN, Gomes AD, Yıldırım Şimşir I, Demir K, Akinci B, MacDougald OA, Oral EA. Deciphering the Clinical Presentations in LMNA-related Lipodystrophy: Report of 115 Cases and a Systematic Review. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2024; 109:e1204-e1224. [PMID: 37843397 PMCID: PMC10876415 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Lipodystrophy syndromes are a heterogeneous group of rare genetic or acquired disorders characterized by generalized or partial loss of adipose tissue. LMNA-related lipodystrophy syndromes are classified based on the severity and distribution of adipose tissue loss. OBJECTIVE We aimed to annotate all clinical and metabolic features of patients with lipodystrophy syndromes carrying pathogenic LMNA variants and assess potential genotype-phenotype relationships. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed and analyzed all our cases (n = 115) and all published cases (n = 379) curated from 94 studies in the literature. RESULTS The study included 494 patients. The most common variants in our study, R482Q and R482W, were associated with similar metabolic characteristics and complications though those with the R482W variant were younger (aged 33 [24] years vs 44 [25] years; P < .001), had an earlier diabetes diagnosis (aged 27 [18] vs 40 [17] years; P < .001) and had lower body mass index levels (24 [5] vs 25 [4]; P = .037). Dyslipidemia was the earliest biochemical evidence described in 83% of all patients at a median age of 26 (10) years, while diabetes was reported in 61% of cases. Among 39 patients with an episode of acute pancreatitis, the median age at acute pancreatitis diagnosis was 20 (17) years. Patients who were reported to have diabetes had 3.2 times, while those with hypertriglyceridemia had 12.0 times, the odds of having pancreatitis compared to those who did not. CONCLUSION This study reports the largest number of patients with LMNA-related lipodystrophy syndromes to date. Our report helps to quantify the prevalence of the known and rare complications associated with different phenotypes and serves as a comprehensive catalog of all known cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozge Besci
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir 35340, Turkey
| | | | | | - Merve Celik Guler
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Division of Internal Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir 35340, Turkey
| | - Donatella Gilio
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Clinical and Translational Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa 56126, Italy
| | - Jessica N Maung
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Rebecca L Schill
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Keegan S Hoose
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Bonje N Obua
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Anabela D Gomes
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Ilgın Yıldırım Şimşir
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Ege University, Izmir 35100, Turkey
| | - Korcan Demir
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir 35340, Turkey
| | - Baris Akinci
- DEPARK, Dokuz Eylul University & Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Izmir, Turkey
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Izmir 35340, Turkey
| | - Ormond A MacDougald
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Elif A Oral
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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14
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Szablewski L. Changes in Cells Associated with Insulin Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2397. [PMID: 38397072 PMCID: PMC10889819 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Insulin is a polypeptide hormone synthesized and secreted by pancreatic β-cells. It plays an important role as a metabolic hormone. Insulin influences the metabolism of glucose, regulating plasma glucose levels and stimulating glucose storage in organs such as the liver, muscles and adipose tissue. It is involved in fat metabolism, increasing the storage of triglycerides and decreasing lipolysis. Ketone body metabolism also depends on insulin action, as insulin reduces ketone body concentrations and influences protein metabolism. It increases nitrogen retention, facilitates the transport of amino acids into cells and increases the synthesis of proteins. Insulin also inhibits protein breakdown and is involved in cellular growth and proliferation. On the other hand, defects in the intracellular signaling pathways of insulin may cause several disturbances in human metabolism, resulting in several chronic diseases. Insulin resistance, also known as impaired insulin sensitivity, is due to the decreased reaction of insulin signaling for glucose levels, seen when glucose use in response to an adequate concentration of insulin is impaired. Insulin resistance may cause, for example, increased plasma insulin levels. That state, called hyperinsulinemia, impairs metabolic processes and is observed in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity. Hyperinsulinemia may increase the risk of initiation, progression and metastasis of several cancers and may cause poor cancer outcomes. Insulin resistance is a health problem worldwide; therefore, mechanisms of insulin resistance, causes and types of insulin resistance and strategies against insulin resistance are described in this review. Attention is also paid to factors that are associated with the development of insulin resistance, the main and characteristic symptoms of particular syndromes, plus other aspects of severe insulin resistance. This review mainly focuses on the description and analysis of changes in cells due to insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leszek Szablewski
- Chair and Department of General Biology and Parasitology, Medical University of Warsaw, Chałubińskiego Str. 5, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland
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15
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Loh WJ, Yaligar J, Hooper AJ, Sadananthan SA, Kway Y, Lim SC, Watts GF, Velan SS, Leow MKS, Khoo J. Clinical and imaging features of women with polygenic partial lipodystrophy: a case series. Nutr Diabetes 2024; 14:3. [PMID: 38321009 PMCID: PMC10847407 DOI: 10.1038/s41387-024-00260-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Familial partial lipodystrophy (FPLD) is an inherited disorder of white adipose tissue that causes premature cardiometabolic disease. There is no clear diagnostic criteria for FPLD, and this may explain the under-detection of this condition. AIM This pilot study aimed to describe the clinical features of women with FPLD and to explore the value of adipose tissue measurements that could be useful in diagnosis. METHODS In 8 women with FPLD and 4 controls, skinfold measurements, DXA and whole-body MRI were undertaken. RESULTS Whole genome sequencing was negative for monogenic metabolic causes, but polygenic scores for partial lipodystrophy were elevated in keeping with FPLD type 1. The mean age of diagnosis of DM was 31 years in the FPLD group. Compared with controls, the FPLD group had increased HOMA-IR (10.3 vs 2.9, p = 0.028) and lower mean thigh skinfold thickness (19.5 mm vs 48.2 mm, p = 0.008). The FPLD group had lower percentage of leg fat and an increased ratio of trunk to leg fat percentage on DXA. By MRI, the FPLD group had decreased subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) volume in the femoral and calf regions (p < 0.01); abdominal SAT, visceral adipose tissue, and femoral and calf muscle volumes were not different from controls. CONCLUSION Women with FPLD1 in Singapore have significant loss of adipose but not muscle tissue in lower limbs and have early onset of diabetes. Reduced thigh skinfold, and increased ratio of trunk to leg fat percentage on DXA are potentially clinically useful markers to identify FPLD1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wann Jia Loh
- Department of Endocrinology, Changi General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Jadegoud Yaligar
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Amanda J Hooper
- Department of Biochemistry, Pathwest and Fiona Stanley Hospital Network, Perth, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Suresh Anand Sadananthan
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yeshe Kway
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology, NUS Yong Loo School of Medicine, NUS, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Su Chi Lim
- Diabetes Centre, Admiralty Medical Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gerald F Watts
- School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Department of Cardiology and Internal Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | - Sambasivam Sendhil Velan
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology, NUS Yong Loo School of Medicine, NUS, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Melvin Khee Shing Leow
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Endocrinology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- LKC School of Medicine, NTU, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Joan Khoo
- Department of Endocrinology, Changi General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
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16
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Dumbell R, Cox RD. The genetics of adipose tissue metabolism. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2024; 11:231478. [PMID: 38328570 PMCID: PMC10846938 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.231478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Dumbell
- Dept of Biosciences, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Roger D. Cox
- MRC Harwell Institute, Mammalian Genetics Unit, Harwell Campus Oxfordshire, Harwell OX11 0RD, UK
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17
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Weng L, Tang WS, Wang X, Gong Y, Liu C, Hong NN, Tao Y, Li KZ, Liu SN, Jiang W, Li Y, Yao K, Chen L, Huang H, Zhao YZ, Hu ZP, Lu Y, Ye H, Du X, Zhou H, Li P, Zhao TJ. Surplus fatty acid synthesis increases oxidative stress in adipocytes and lnduces lipodystrophy. Nat Commun 2024; 15:133. [PMID: 38168040 PMCID: PMC10761979 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44393-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Adipocytes are the primary sites for fatty acid storage, but the synthesis rate of fatty acids is very low. The physiological significance of this phenomenon remains unclear. Here, we show that surplus fatty acid synthesis in adipocytes induces necroptosis and lipodystrophy. Transcriptional activation of FASN elevates fatty acid synthesis, but decreases NADPH level and increases ROS production, which ultimately leads to adipocyte necroptosis. We identify MED20, a subunit of the Mediator complex, as a negative regulator of FASN transcription. Adipocyte-specific male Med20 knockout mice progressively develop lipodystrophy, which is reversed by scavenging ROS. Further, in a murine model of HIV-associated lipodystrophy and a human patient with acquired lipodystrophy, ROS neutralization significantly improves metabolic disorders, indicating a causal role of ROS in disease onset. Our study well explains the low fatty acid synthesis rate in adipocytes, and sheds light on the management of acquired lipodystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Weng
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Drug Clinical Trial Center, Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital / Zhongshan-Xuhui Hospital, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Wen-Shuai Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Drug Clinical Trial Center, Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital / Zhongshan-Xuhui Hospital, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Wang
- School of Life Science, Anhui Medical University, Research Center for Translational Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yingyun Gong
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Changqin Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, the First Affiliated Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Ni-Na Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Ying Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Drug Clinical Trial Center, Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital / Zhongshan-Xuhui Hospital, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kuang-Zheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Drug Clinical Trial Center, Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital / Zhongshan-Xuhui Hospital, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shu-Ning Liu
- Optogenetics & Synthetic Biology Interdisciplinary Research Center, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Wanzi Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ke Yao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Drug Clinical Trial Center, Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital / Zhongshan-Xuhui Hospital, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - He Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Drug Clinical Trial Center, Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital / Zhongshan-Xuhui Hospital, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Zheng Zhao
- Optogenetics & Synthetic Biology Interdisciplinary Research Center, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Ze-Ping Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Youli Lu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Phase I Clinical Research & Quality Consistency Evaluation for Drugs, Institute of Clinical Mass Spectrometry, Shanghai Academy of Experimental Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haobin Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Drug Clinical Trial Center, Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital / Zhongshan-Xuhui Hospital, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingrong Du
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Drug Clinical Trial Center, Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital / Zhongshan-Xuhui Hospital, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongwen Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Peng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Drug Clinical Trial Center, Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital / Zhongshan-Xuhui Hospital, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Tianjian Laboratory of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, School of life sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
| | - Tong-Jin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Drug Clinical Trial Center, Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital / Zhongshan-Xuhui Hospital, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Tianjian Laboratory of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, School of life sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
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18
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Mietus-Snyder M, Perak AM, Cheng S, Hayman LL, Haynes N, Meikle PJ, Shah SH, Suglia SF. Next Generation, Modifiable Cardiometabolic Biomarkers: Mitochondrial Adaptation and Metabolic Resilience: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation 2023; 148:1827-1845. [PMID: 37902008 DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000001185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Cardiometabolic risk is increasing in prevalence across the life span with disproportionate ramifications for youth at socioeconomic disadvantage. Established risk factors and associated disease progression are harder to reverse as they become entrenched over time; if current trends are unchecked, the consequences for individual and societal wellness will become untenable. Interrelated root causes of ectopic adiposity and insulin resistance are understood but identified late in the trajectory of systemic metabolic dysregulation when traditional cardiometabolic risk factors cross current diagnostic thresholds of disease. Thus, children at cardiometabolic risk are often exposed to suboptimal metabolism over years before they present with clinical symptoms, at which point life-long reliance on pharmacotherapy may only mitigate but not reverse the risk. Leading-edge indicators are needed to detect the earliest departure from healthy metabolism, so that targeted, primordial, and primary prevention of cardiometabolic risk is possible. Better understanding of biomarkers that reflect the earliest transitions to dysmetabolism, beginning in utero, ideally biomarkers that are also mechanistic/causal and modifiable, is critically needed. This scientific statement explores emerging biomarkers of cardiometabolic risk across rapidly evolving and interrelated "omic" fields of research (the epigenome, microbiome, metabolome, lipidome, and inflammasome). Connections in each domain to mitochondrial function are identified that may mediate the favorable responses of each of the omic biomarkers featured to a heart-healthy lifestyle, notably to nutritional interventions. Fuller implementation of evidence-based nutrition must address environmental and socioeconomic disparities that can either facilitate or impede response to therapy.
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19
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Fernández-Pombo A, Sánchez-Iglesias S, Castro-Pais AI, Ginzo-Villamayor MJ, Cobelo-Gómez S, Prado-Moraña T, Díaz-López EJ, Casanueva FF, Loidi L, Araújo-Vilar D. Natural history and comorbidities of generalised and partial lipodystrophy syndromes in Spain. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1250203. [PMID: 38034001 PMCID: PMC10687442 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1250203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The rarity of lipodystrophies implies that they are not well-known, leading to delays in diagnosis/misdiagnosis. The aim of this study was to assess the natural course and comorbidities of generalised and partial lipodystrophy in Spain to contribute to their understanding. Thus, a total of 140 patients were evaluated (77.1% with partial lipodystrophy and 22.9% with generalised lipodystrophy). Clinical data were collected in a longitudinal setting with a median follow-up of 4.7 (0.5-17.6) years. Anthropometry and body composition studies were carried out and analytical parameters were also recorded. The estimated prevalence of all lipodystrophies in Spain, excluding Köbberling syndrome, was 2.78 cases/million. The onset of phenotype occurred during childhood in generalised lipodystrophy and during adolescence-adulthood in partial lipodystrophy, with the delay in diagnosis being considerable for both cohorts. There are specific clinical findings that should be highlighted as useful features to take into account when making the differential diagnosis of these disorders. Patients with generalised lipodystrophy were found to develop their first metabolic abnormalities sooner and a different lipid profile has also been observed. Mean time to death was 83.8 ± 2.5 years, being shorter among patients with generalised lipodystrophy. These results provide an initial point of comparison for ongoing prospective studies such as the ECLip Registry study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antía Fernández-Pombo
- Department of Psychiatry, Radiology, Public Health, Nursing and Medicine, IDIS-CiMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Division of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Sofía Sánchez-Iglesias
- Department of Psychiatry, Radiology, Public Health, Nursing and Medicine, IDIS-CiMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ana I. Castro-Pais
- Division of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn), Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria José Ginzo-Villamayor
- Department of Estatística, Análise Matemática e Optimización, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Silvia Cobelo-Gómez
- Department of Psychiatry, Radiology, Public Health, Nursing and Medicine, IDIS-CiMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Teresa Prado-Moraña
- Department of Psychiatry, Radiology, Public Health, Nursing and Medicine, IDIS-CiMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Division of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Everardo Josué Díaz-López
- Department of Psychiatry, Radiology, Public Health, Nursing and Medicine, IDIS-CiMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Division of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Felipe F. Casanueva
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn), Madrid, Spain
| | - Lourdes Loidi
- Galician Public Foundation for Genomic Medicine (SERGAS-Xunta de Galicia), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - David Araújo-Vilar
- Department of Psychiatry, Radiology, Public Health, Nursing and Medicine, IDIS-CiMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Division of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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20
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Jia C, Zhang S, Cheng X, Li P, An J, Zhang X, Li W, Xu Y, Yang H, Jing T, Guo H, He M. Circulating organochlorine pesticide levels, genetic predisposition and the risk of incident type 2 diabetes. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 337:122541. [PMID: 37717893 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Persistent organochlorine pesticide (OCP) has been associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D), and genetic polymorphism might modify such an association. However, prospective evidence remains scarce. We conducted a nested case-control study comprising 1006 incident diabetic cases and 1006 matched non-diabetic controls [sex and age (±5 years)] from 2008 to 2013 (mean follow-up period: ∼4.6 years) based on the Dongfeng-Tongji cohort in Shiyan City of China, determined baseline levels of nineteen OCPs, and examined the associations of circulating OCPs, both individually and collectively, with incident T2D risk. We also constructed overall genetic risk score (GRS) based on 161 T2D-associated variants and five pathway-specific cluster GRSs based on established variants derived from the Asian population. Compared with the first quartile of serum β-BHC levels, the multivariable-adjusted ORs (95% CIs) of incident T2D risk in the second, third, and fourth quartiles were 0.98 (0.70-1.39), 1.43 (0.99-2.07), and 1.75 (1.14-2.68), respectively (FDR-adjusted Ptrend = 0.03). A positive association was observed between serum OCP mixture and incident T2D risk and can be largely attributed to β-BHC. Furthermore, serum β-BHC and p,p'-DDE showed significant interactions with the GRS for lipodystrophy, a T2D-related pathway representing fat redistribution to viscera, on T2D risk (Pinteraction < 0.05). In conclusion, higher circulating OCP levels were independently associated with an increased risk of T2D, with β-BHC possibly being the major contributor. Genetic predisposition to T2D-related morbidity, such as visceral adiposity, should be considered when assessing the risk of T2D conferred by OCPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyong Jia
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shiyang Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xu Cheng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Peiwen Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun An
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wending Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yali Xu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Handong Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Sinopharm Dongfeng Central Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Tao Jing
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huan Guo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Meian He
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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21
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Al-Kuraishy HM, Jabir MS, Albuhadily AK, Al-Gareeb AI, Rafeeq MF. The link between metabolic syndrome and Alzheimer disease: A mutual relationship and long rigorous investigation. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 91:102084. [PMID: 37802319 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
It has been illustrated that metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with Alzheimer disease (AD) neuropathology. Components of MetS including central obesity, hypertension, insulin resistance (IR), and dyslipidemia adversely affect the pathogenesis of AD by different mechanisms including activation of renin-angiotensin system (RAS), inflammatory signaling pathways, neuroinflammation, brain IR, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress. MetS exacerbates AD neuropathology, and targeting of molecular pathways in MetS by pharmacological approach could a novel therapeutic strategy in the management of AD in high risk group. However, the underlying mechanisms of these pathways in AD neuropathology are not completely clarified. Therefore, this review aims to elucidate the association between MetS and AD regarding the oxidative and inflammatory mechanistic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haydar M Al-Kuraishy
- Department of Clinical pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Majid S Jabir
- Department of Applied science, University of technology, Iraq.
| | - Ali K Albuhadily
- Department of Clinical pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ali I Al-Gareeb
- Department of Clinical pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
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22
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Phospholipid modifier PLAAT3 links defective PPARγ-dependent signaling to lipodystrophy. Nat Genet 2023; 55:1790-1791. [PMID: 37919454 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-023-01536-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
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23
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Schuermans N, El Chehadeh S, Hemelsoet D, Gautheron J, Vantyghem MC, Nouioua S, Tazir M, Vigouroux C, Auclair M, Bogaert E, Dufour S, Okawa F, Hilbert P, Van Doninck N, Taquet MC, Rosseel T, De Clercq G, Debackere E, Van Haverbeke C, Cherif FR, Urtizberea JA, Chanson JB, Funalot B, Authier FJ, Kaya S, Terryn W, Callens S, Depypere B, Van Dorpe J, Poppe B, Impens F, Mizushima N, Depienne C, Jéru I, Dermaut B. Loss of phospholipase PLAAT3 causes a mixed lipodystrophic and neurological syndrome due to impaired PPARγ signaling. Nat Genet 2023; 55:1929-1940. [PMID: 37919452 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-023-01535-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Phospholipase A/acyltransferase 3 (PLAAT3) is a phospholipid-modifying enzyme predominantly expressed in neural and white adipose tissue (WAT). It is a potential drug target for metabolic syndrome, as Plaat3 deficiency in mice protects against diet-induced obesity. We identified seven patients from four unrelated consanguineous families, with homozygous loss-of-function variants in PLAAT3, who presented with a lipodystrophy syndrome with loss of fat varying from partial to generalized and associated with metabolic complications, as well as variable neurological features including demyelinating neuropathy and intellectual disability. Multi-omics analysis of mouse Plaat3-/- and patient-derived WAT showed enrichment of arachidonic acid-containing membrane phospholipids and a strong decrease in the signaling of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), the master regulator of adipocyte differentiation. Accordingly, CRISPR-Cas9-mediated PLAAT3 inactivation in human adipose stem cells induced insulin resistance, altered adipocyte differentiation with decreased lipid droplet formation and reduced the expression of adipogenic and mature adipocyte markers, including PPARγ. These findings establish PLAAT3 deficiency as a hereditary lipodystrophy syndrome with neurological manifestations, caused by a PPARγ-dependent defect in WAT differentiation and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nika Schuermans
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Salima El Chehadeh
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Institut de Génétique Médicale d'Alsace (IGMA), Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), INSERM U1258, CNRS-UMR7104, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Laboratoire de Génétique Médicale, UMRS_1112, Institut de Génétique Médicale d'Alsace (IGMA), Université de Strasbourg et INSERM, Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Jérémie Gautheron
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMRS_938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France
| | - Marie-Christine Vantyghem
- Endocrinology, Diabetology, Metabolism Department, National Competence Centre for Rare Diseases of Insulin Secretion and Insulin Sensitivity (PRISIS), Lille University Hospital, Lille, France
- University of Lille, INSERM U1190, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Lille, France
| | - Sonia Nouioua
- Department of Neurology of the EHS of Cherchell, University Centre of Blida, Tipaza, Algeria
- NeuroSciences Research Laboratory, University of Algiers Benyoucef Benkhedda, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Meriem Tazir
- NeuroSciences Research Laboratory, University of Algiers Benyoucef Benkhedda, Algiers, Algeria
- Department of Neurology, CHU Algiers (Mustapha Pacha Hospital), Algiers, Algeria
| | - Corinne Vigouroux
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMRS_938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Saint-Antoine University Hospital, National Reference Center for Rare Diseases of Insulin Secretion and Insulin Sensitivity (PRISIS), Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Reproductive Endocrinology, and Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Paris, France
| | - Martine Auclair
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMRS_938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Saint-Antoine University Hospital, National Reference Center for Rare Diseases of Insulin Secretion and Insulin Sensitivity (PRISIS), Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Reproductive Endocrinology, and Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Paris, France
| | - Elke Bogaert
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sara Dufour
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Proteomics Core, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Fumiya Okawa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Japan
| | - Pascale Hilbert
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Institute of Pathology and Genetics, Charleroi, Belgium
| | - Nike Van Doninck
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, General Hospital VITAZ, Sint-Niklaas, Belgium
| | - Marie-Caroline Taquet
- Department of Internal Medicine and Nutrition, Hopitaux Universitaires Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Toon Rosseel
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Griet De Clercq
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Elke Debackere
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Ferroudja Ramdane Cherif
- Department of Neurology of the EHS of Cherchell, University Centre of Blida, Tipaza, Algeria
- NeuroSciences Research Laboratory, University of Algiers Benyoucef Benkhedda, Algiers, Algeria
| | | | - Jean-Baptiste Chanson
- Service de Neurologie et Centre de Référence Neuromusculaire Nord/Est/Ile de France, Hôpital de Hautepierre, Strasbourg, France
| | - Benoit Funalot
- Department of Medical Genetics, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Université Paris-Est-Créteil, Créteil, France
- INSERM UMR955, Team Relaix, Faculty of Medicine, Créteil, France
| | - François-Jérôme Authier
- INSERM UMR955, Team Relaix, Faculty of Medicine, Créteil, France
- Centre Expert de Pathologie Neuromusculaire/Histologie, Département de Pathologie, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Université Paris-Est-Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - Sabine Kaya
- Institut für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Wim Terryn
- Department of Nephrology, Jan Yperman Hospital, Ieper, Belgium
| | - Steven Callens
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bernard Depypere
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jo Van Dorpe
- Department of Pathology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bruce Poppe
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Francis Impens
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Proteomics Core, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Noboru Mizushima
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Japan
| | - Christel Depienne
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), INSERM U1258, CNRS-UMR7104, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Institut für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Isabelle Jéru
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMRS_938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France
- Department of Medical Genetics, DMU BioGeM, Sorbonne Université, AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Bart Dermaut
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
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24
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Chitraju C, Fischer AW, Ambaw YA, Wang K, Yuan B, Hui S, Walther TC, Farese RV. Mice lacking triglyceride synthesis enzymes in adipose tissue are resistant to diet-induced obesity. eLife 2023; 12:RP88049. [PMID: 37782317 PMCID: PMC10545428 DOI: 10.7554/elife.88049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Triglycerides (TGs) in adipocytes provide the major stores of metabolic energy in the body. Optimal amounts of TG stores are desirable as insufficient capacity to store TG, as in lipodystrophy, or exceeding the capacity for storage, as in obesity, results in metabolic disease. We hypothesized that mice lacking TG storage in adipocytes would result in excess TG storage in cell types other than adipocytes and severe lipotoxicity accompanied by metabolic disease. To test this hypothesis, we selectively deleted both TG synthesis enzymes, DGAT1 and DGAT2, in adipocytes (ADGAT DKO mice). As expected with depleted energy stores, ADGAT DKO mice did not tolerate fasting well and, with prolonged fasting, entered torpor. However, ADGAT DKO mice were unexpectedly otherwise metabolically healthy and did not accumulate TGs ectopically or develop associated metabolic perturbations, even when fed a high-fat diet. The favorable metabolic phenotype resulted from activation of energy expenditure, in part via BAT (brown adipose tissue) activation and beiging of white adipose tissue. Thus, the ADGAT DKO mice provide a fascinating new model to study the coupling of metabolic energy storage to energy expenditure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandramohan Chitraju
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthBostonUnited States
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Alexander W Fischer
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthBostonUnited States
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Yohannes A Ambaw
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthBostonUnited States
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
- Cell Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | - Kun Wang
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthBostonUnited States
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Bo Yuan
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthBostonUnited States
| | - Sheng Hui
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthBostonUnited States
| | - Tobias C Walther
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthBostonUnited States
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
- Cell Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkUnited States
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MITCambridgeUnited States
- Howard Hughes Medical InstituteBostonUnited States
| | - Robert V Farese
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthBostonUnited States
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
- Cell Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkUnited States
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MITCambridgeUnited States
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25
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Loh NY, Rosoff D, Noordam R, Christodoulides C. Investigating the impact of metabolic syndrome traits on telomere length: a Mendelian randomization study. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2023; 31:2189-2198. [PMID: 37415075 PMCID: PMC10658743 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Observational studies have reported bidirectional associations between metabolic syndrome (MetS) traits and short leukocyte telomere length (LTL), a TL marker in somatic tissues and a proposed risk factor for age-related degenerative diseases. However, in Mendelian randomization studies, longer LTL has been paradoxically associated with higher MetS risk. This study investigated the hypothesis that shorter LTL might be a consequence of metabolic dysfunction. METHODS This study undertook univariable and multivariable Mendelian randomization. As instrumental variables for MetS traits, all of the genome-wide significant independent signals identified in genome-wide association studies for anthropometric, glycemic, lipid, and blood pressure traits conducted in European individuals were used. Summary-level data for LTL were obtained from a genome-wide association study conducted in the UK Biobank. RESULTS Higher BMI was associated with shorter LTL (β = -0.039, 95% CI: -0.058 to -0.020, p = 5 × 10-5 ) equivalent to 1.70 years of age-related LTL change. In contrast, higher low-density lipoprotein cholesterol was associated with longer LTL (β = 0.022, 95% CI: 0.007 to 0.037, p = 0.003) equivalent to 0.96 years of age-related LTL change. Mechanistically, increased low-grade systemic inflammation, as measured by circulating C-reactive protein, and lower circulating linoleic acid levels might link higher BMI to shorter LTL. CONCLUSIONS Overweight and obesity might promote the development of aging-related degenerative diseases by accelerating telomere shortening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nellie Y. Loh
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Daniel Rosoff
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental TherapeuticsNational Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Raymond Noordam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and GeriatricsLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenthe Netherlands
| | - Constantinos Christodoulides
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- National Institute for Health Research, Oxford Biomedical Research CentreOxford University Hospitals National Health Service Foundation TrustOxfordUK
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26
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Markussen LK, Mandrup S. Adipocyte gene expression in obesity - insights gained and challenges ahead. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2023; 81:102060. [PMID: 37331148 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2023.102060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
White adipocytes possess extraordinary plasticity with an unparalleled capacity to expand in size with nutritional overload. Several lines of evidence indicate that limitations to this plasticity, as found in both lipodystrophy and obesity, drive several of the comorbidities of these disease, thereby underscoring the need to understand the mechanisms of healthy and unhealthy adipose expansion. Recent single-cell technologies and studies of isolated adipocytes have allowed researchers to gain insight into the molecular mechanisms of adipocyte plasticity. Here, we review current insight into the effect of nutritional overload on white adipocyte gene expression and function. We review the role of adipocyte size and heterogeneity and discuss the challenges and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lasse K Markussen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Center for Adipocyte Signaling (ADIPOSIGN), Odense, Denmark; Center for Functional Genomics and Tissue Plasticity (ATLAS), Odense, Denmark. https://twitter.com/@ATLAS_SDU
| | - Susanne Mandrup
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Center for Adipocyte Signaling (ADIPOSIGN), Odense, Denmark; Center for Functional Genomics and Tissue Plasticity (ATLAS), Odense, Denmark.
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27
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Cecchetti C, Belardinelli E, Dionese P, Teglia R, Fazzeri R, D’ Apice MR, Vestito A, Pagotto U, Gambineri A. Is it possible to achieve an acceptable disease control by dietary therapy alone in Berardinelli Seip type 1? Experience from a case report. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1190363. [PMID: 37347108 PMCID: PMC10281053 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1190363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and objective Severe metabolic complications generally manifest at an early age in Berardinelli - Seip congenital lipodystrophy (BSCL) and their management is especially challenging. Nutritional intervention with low lipid diets is considered by experts to be fundamental in treating the disease when associated with medical therapy, however little is known about the beneficial effects of dietary interventions alone. Aim To underline the importance of a well-structured low-fat diet in BSCL patients. Methods and results A BSCL male patient strictly followed a hypocaloric hypolipemic diet (60% carbohydrates, 22% fats and 18% proteins) since clinical diagnosis at the age of one year. Interestingly, pharmacological interventions were not required at any point during the follow-up. Aged 16 years the patient was referred to our center. Biochemistry, hormonal evaluation, 75 mg oral glucose tolerance test, cardiac evaluation and abdominal ultrasound were performed, revealing no abnormalities. Genetic analysis and leptin dosage were carried out, confirming the diagnosis of BSCL type 1 (homozygosity for c.493-1G>C pathogenic variant in AGPAT2 gene) and showing undetectable circulating levels of leptin (< 0.2 mcg/L). Diet therapy alone was therefore maintained, scheduling follow-up visits every six months, with acceptable disease control ever since. Conclusions This report proves how a low-fat diet is of great help in the management of BSCL and its complications. In addition, a specific hypolipemic diet could be used alone as an effective treatment in selected cases with high compliance and, probably, a milder phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Cecchetti
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes Prevention and Care, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), University Hospital of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Belardinelli
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes Prevention and Care, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), University Hospital of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paola Dionese
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes Prevention and Care, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), University Hospital of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Rita Teglia
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes Prevention and Care, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), University Hospital of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Roberta Fazzeri
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes Prevention and Care, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), University Hospital of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Amanda Vestito
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Digestive Diseases, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Uberto Pagotto
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes Prevention and Care, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), University Hospital of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandra Gambineri
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes Prevention and Care, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), University Hospital of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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28
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Guilherme A, Rowland LA, Wetoska N, Tsagkaraki E, Santos KB, Bedard AH, Henriques F, Kelly M, Munroe S, Pedersen DJ, Ilkayeva OR, Koves TR, Tauer L, Pan M, Han X, Kim JK, Newgard CB, Muoio DM, Czech MP. Acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 is a suppressor of the adipocyte thermogenic program. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112488. [PMID: 37163372 PMCID: PMC10286105 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Disruption of adipocyte de novo lipogenesis (DNL) by deletion of fatty acid synthase (FASN) in mice induces browning in inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT). However, adipocyte FASN knockout (KO) increases acetyl-coenzyme A (CoA) and malonyl-CoA in addition to depletion of palmitate. We explore which of these metabolite changes triggers adipose browning by generating eight adipose-selective KO mouse models with loss of ATP-citrate lyase (ACLY), acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1), ACC2, malonyl-CoA decarboxylase (MCD) or FASN, or dual KOs ACLY/FASN, ACC1/FASN, and ACC2/FASN. Preventing elevation of acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA by depletion of adipocyte ACLY or ACC1 in combination with FASN KO does not block the browning of iWAT. Conversely, elevating malonyl-CoA levels in MCD KO mice does not induce browning. Strikingly, adipose ACC1 KO induces a strong iWAT thermogenic response similar to FASN KO while also blocking malonyl-CoA and palmitate synthesis. Thus, ACC1 and FASN are strong suppressors of adipocyte thermogenesis through promoting lipid synthesis rather than modulating the DNL intermediates acetyl-CoA or malonyl-CoA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adilson Guilherme
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
| | - Leslie A Rowland
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Nicole Wetoska
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Emmanouela Tsagkaraki
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Kaltinaitis B Santos
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Alexander H Bedard
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Felipe Henriques
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Mark Kelly
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Sean Munroe
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - David J Pedersen
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Olga R Ilkayeva
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27701, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27705, USA
| | - Timothy R Koves
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27701, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27705, USA
| | - Lauren Tauer
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Meixia Pan
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Xianlin Han
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Jason K Kim
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Christopher B Newgard
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27701, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27705, USA; Departments of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27705, USA
| | - Deborah M Muoio
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27701, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27705, USA; Departments of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27705, USA
| | - Michael P Czech
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
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29
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Treiber G, Guilleux A, Huynh K, Bonfanti O, Flaus-Furmaniuk A, Couret D, Mellet N, Bernard C, Le-Moullec N, Doray B, Jéru I, Maiza JC, Domun B, Cogne M, Meilhac O, Vigouroux C, Meikle PJ, Nobécourt E. Lipoatrophic diabetes in familial partial lipodystrophy type 2: From insulin resistance to diabetes. DIABETES & METABOLISM 2023; 49:101409. [PMID: 36400409 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabet.2022.101409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
AIM Subjects with Familial Partial Lipodystrophy type 2 (FPLD2) are at high risk to develop diabetes. To better understand the natural history and variability of this disease, we studied glucose tolerance, insulin response to an oral glucose load, and metabolic markers in the largest cohort to date of subjects with FPLD2 due to the same LMNA variant. METHODS A total of 102 patients aged > 18 years, with FPLD2 due to the LMNA 'Reunionese' variant p.(Thr655Asnfs*49) and 22 unaffected adult relatives with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) were enrolled. Oral Glucose Tolerance Tests (OGTT) with calculation of derived insulin sensitivity and secretion markers, and measurements of HbA1c, C-reactive protein, leptin, adiponectin and lipid profile were performed. RESULTS In patients with FPLD2: 65% had either diabetes (41%) or prediabetes (24%) despite their young age (median: 39.5 years IQR 29.0-50.8) and close-to-normal BMI (median: 25.5 kg/m2 IQR 23.1-29.4). Post-load OGTT values revealed insulin resistance and increased insulin secretion in patients with FPLD2 and NGT, whereas patients with diabetes were characterized by decreased insulin secretion. Impaired glucose tolerance with normal fasting glucose was present in 86% of patients with prediabetes. Adiponectin levels were decreased in all subjects with FPLD2 and correlated with insulin sensitivity markers. CONCLUSIONS OGTT reveals early alterations of glucose and insulin metabolism in patients with FPLD2, and should be systematically performed before excluding a diagnosis of prediabetes or diabetes to adapt medical care. Decreased adiponectin is an early marker of the disease. Adiponectin replacement therapy warrants further study in FPLD2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Treiber
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, GHSR, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de la Réunion, Saint-Pierre, La Réunion, France; University of La Réunion, INSERM, UMR 1188 Diabète Athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Plateforme CYROI, Saint-Denis de, La Réunion, France
| | - Alice Guilleux
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique - Epidémiologie Clinique (CIC-EC) U1410 INSERM, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de la Réunion, La Réunion, France
| | - Kevin Huynh
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Oriane Bonfanti
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, GHSR, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de la Réunion, Saint-Pierre, La Réunion, France
| | - Ania Flaus-Furmaniuk
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Felix-Guyon, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de la Réunion, Saint-Denis, La Réunion, France
| | - David Couret
- University of La Réunion, INSERM, UMR 1188 Diabète Athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Plateforme CYROI, Saint-Denis de, La Réunion, France; Neurocritical Care Unit, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de la Réunion, University of La Réunion, BP 350, Saint Pierre, 97448, la Réunion, France
| | - Natalie Mellet
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Céline Bernard
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, GHSR, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de la Réunion, Saint-Pierre, La Réunion, France
| | - Nathalie Le-Moullec
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, GHSR, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de la Réunion, Saint-Pierre, La Réunion, France
| | - Berenice Doray
- Genetic Department, Felix-Guyon, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de la Réunion, Saint-Denis, La Réunion, France
| | - Isabelle Jéru
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm UMR S938, Saint-Antoine Research Centre, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Department of Medical Genetics, DMU BioGeM, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Maiza
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, GHSR, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de la Réunion, Saint-Pierre, La Réunion, France
| | - Bhoopendrasing Domun
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, GHSR, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de la Réunion, Saint-Pierre, La Réunion, France
| | - Muriel Cogne
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, GHSR, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de la Réunion, Saint-Pierre, La Réunion, France
| | - Olivier Meilhac
- University of La Réunion, INSERM, UMR 1188 Diabète Athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Plateforme CYROI, Saint-Denis de, La Réunion, France
| | - Corinne Vigouroux
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm UMR S938, Saint-Antoine Research Centre, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, AP-HP, Saint-Antoine Hospital, Genetics, Molecular Biology and Endocrinology Departments, National Reference Centre for Rare Diseases of Insulin Secretion and Insulin Sensitivity (PRISIS), Paris, France
| | - Peter J Meikle
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Baker Department of Cardiovascular Research Translation and Implementation, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Estelle Nobécourt
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, GHSR, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de la Réunion, Saint-Pierre, La Réunion, France; University of La Réunion, INSERM, UMR 1188 Diabète Athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Plateforme CYROI, Saint-Denis de, La Réunion, France; Centre d'Investigation Clinique - Epidémiologie Clinique (CIC-EC) U1410 INSERM, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de la Réunion, La Réunion, France.
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30
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Chang CS, Yu SS, Ho LC, Chao SH, Chou TY, Shao AN, Kao LZ, Chang CY, Chen YH, Wu MS, Tsai PJ, Maeda N, Tsai YS. Inguinal Fat Compensates Whole Body Metabolic Functionality in Partially Lipodystrophic Mice with Reduced PPARγ Expression. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:3904. [PMID: 36835312 PMCID: PMC9966317 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) gene mutations in humans and mice lead to whole-body insulin resistance and partial lipodystrophy. It is unclear whether preserved fat depots in partial lipodystrophy are beneficial for whole-body metabolic homeostasis. We analyzed the insulin response and expression of metabolic genes in the preserved fat depots of PpargC/- mice, a familial partial lipodystrophy type 3 (FPLD3) mouse model resulting from a 75% decrease in Pparg transcripts. Perigonadal fat of PpargC/- mice in the basal state showed dramatic decreases in adipose tissue mass and insulin sensitivity, whereas inguinal fat showed compensatory increases. Preservation of inguinal fat metabolic ability and flexibility was reflected by the normal expression of metabolic genes in the basal or fasting/refeeding states. The high nutrient load further increased insulin sensitivity in inguinal fat, but the expression of metabolic genes became dysregulated. Inguinal fat removal resulted in further impairment of whole-body insulin sensitivity in PpargC/- mice. Conversely, the compensatory increase in insulin sensitivity of the inguinal fat in PpargC/- mice diminished as activation of PPARγ by its agonists restored insulin sensitivity and metabolic ability of perigonadal fat. Together, we demonstrated that inguinal fat of PpargC/- mice plays a compensatory role in combating perigonadal fat abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cherng-Shyang Chang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Shiuan Yu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Li-Chun Ho
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan
- Division of General Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, E-DA Hospital, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Hsin Chao
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Yu Chou
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Ai-Ning Shao
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Ling-Zhen Kao
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yu Chang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsin Chen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Shan Wu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Jane Tsai
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Nobuyo Maeda
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Yau-Sheng Tsai
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- Clinical Medicine Research Center, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan 704, Taiwan
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31
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Stefan N, Schick F, Birkenfeld AL, Häring HU, White MF. The role of hepatokines in NAFLD. Cell Metab 2023; 35:236-252. [PMID: 36754018 PMCID: PMC10157895 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is not only a consequence of insulin resistance, but it is also an important cause of insulin resistance and major non-communicable diseases (NCDs). The close relationship of NAFLD with visceral obesity obscures the role of fatty liver from visceral adiposity as the main pathomechanism of insulin resistance and NCDs. To overcome this limitation, in analogy to the concept of adipokines, in 2008 we introduced the term hepatokines to describe the role of fetuin-A in metabolism. Since then, several other hepatokines were tested for their effects on metabolism. Here we address the dysregulation of hepatokines in people with NAFLD. Then, we discuss pathophysiological mechanisms of cardiometabolic diseases specifically related to NAFLD by focusing on hepatokine-related organ crosstalk. Finally, we propose how the determination of major hepatokines and adipokines can be used for pathomechanism-based clustering of insulin resistance in NAFLD and visceral obesity to better implement precision medicine in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norbert Stefan
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nephrology, University Hospital of Tübingen, Otfried-Müller Str. 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; Institute of Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM) of the Helmholtz Center Munich, Tübingen, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Fritz Schick
- Institute of Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM) of the Helmholtz Center Munich, Tübingen, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany; Section of Experimental Radiology, Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas L Birkenfeld
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nephrology, University Hospital of Tübingen, Otfried-Müller Str. 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; Institute of Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM) of the Helmholtz Center Munich, Tübingen, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Hans-Ulrich Häring
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nephrology, University Hospital of Tübingen, Otfried-Müller Str. 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; Institute of Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM) of the Helmholtz Center Munich, Tübingen, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Morris F White
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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32
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Mann JP, Duan X, Patel S, Tábara LC, Scurria F, Alvarez-Guaita A, Haider A, Luijten I, Page M, Protasoni M, Lim K, Virtue S, O'Rahilly S, Armstrong M, Prudent J, Semple RK, Savage DB. A mouse model of human mitofusin-2-related lipodystrophy exhibits adipose-specific mitochondrial stress and reduced leptin secretion. eLife 2023; 12:e82283. [PMID: 36722855 PMCID: PMC9937658 DOI: 10.7554/elife.82283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction has been reported in obesity and insulin resistance, but primary genetic mitochondrial dysfunction is generally not associated with these, arguing against a straightforward causal relationship. A rare exception, recently identified in humans, is a syndrome of lower body adipose loss, leptin-deficient severe upper body adipose overgrowth, and insulin resistance caused by the p.Arg707Trp mutation in MFN2, encoding mitofusin 2. How the resulting selective form of mitochondrial dysfunction leads to tissue- and adipose depot-specific growth abnormalities and systemic biochemical perturbation is unknown. To address this, Mfn2R707W/R707W knock-in mice were generated and phenotyped on chow and high fat diets. Electron microscopy revealed adipose-specific mitochondrial morphological abnormalities. Oxidative phosphorylation measured in isolated mitochondria was unperturbed, but the cellular integrated stress response was activated in adipose tissue. Fat mass and distribution, body weight, and systemic glucose and lipid metabolism were unchanged, however serum leptin and adiponectin concentrations, and their secretion from adipose explants were reduced. Pharmacological induction of the integrated stress response in wild-type adipocytes also reduced secretion of leptin and adiponectin, suggesting an explanation for the in vivo findings. These data suggest that the p.Arg707Trp MFN2 mutation selectively perturbs mitochondrial morphology and activates the integrated stress response in adipose tissue. In mice, this does not disrupt most adipocyte functions or systemic metabolism, whereas in humans it is associated with pathological adipose remodelling and metabolic disease. In both species, disproportionate effects on leptin secretion may relate to cell autonomous induction of the integrated stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake P Mann
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Xiaowen Duan
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Satish Patel
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Luis Carlos Tábara
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Fabio Scurria
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Anna Alvarez-Guaita
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Afreen Haider
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Ineke Luijten
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Margherita Protasoni
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Koini Lim
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Sam Virtue
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Stephen O'Rahilly
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Julien Prudent
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Robert K Semple
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, University of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
| | - David B Savage
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
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Abstract
Rather than serving as a mere onlooker, adipose tissue is a complex endocrine organ and active participant in disease initiation and progression. Disruptions of biological processes operating within adipose can disturb healthy systemic physiology, the sequelae of which include metabolic disorders such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. A burgeoning interest in the field of adipose research has allowed for the elucidation of regulatory networks underlying both adipose tissue function and dysfunction. Despite this progress, few diseases are treated by targeting maladaptation in the adipose, an oft-overlooked organ. In this review, we elaborate on the distinct subtypes of adipocytes, their developmental origins and secretory roles, and the dynamic interplay at work within the tissue itself. Central to this discussion is the relationship between adipose and disease states, including obesity, cachexia, and infectious diseases, as we aim to leverage our wealth of knowledge for the development of novel and targeted therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Auger
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA;
| | - Shingo Kajimura
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; .,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA;
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34
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Song W, Postoak JL, Yang G, Guo X, Pua HH, Bader J, Rathmell JC, Kobayashi H, Haase VH, Leaptrot KL, Schrimpe-Rutledge AC, Sherrod SD, McLean JA, Zhang J, Wu L, Van Kaer L. Lipid kinase PIK3C3 maintains healthy brown and white adipose tissues to prevent metabolic diseases. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2214874120. [PMID: 36574710 PMCID: PMC9910429 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2214874120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Adequate mass and function of adipose tissues (ATs) play essential roles in preventing metabolic perturbations. The pathological reduction of ATs in lipodystrophy leads to an array of metabolic diseases. Understanding the underlying mechanisms may benefit the development of effective therapies. Several cellular processes, including autophagy and vesicle trafficking, function collectively to maintain AT homeostasis. Here, we investigated the impact of adipocyte-specific deletion of the lipid kinase phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3 (PIK3C3) on AT homeostasis and systemic metabolism in mice. We report that PIK3C3 functions in all ATs and that its absence disturbs adipocyte autophagy and hinders adipocyte differentiation, survival, and function with differential effects on brown and white ATs. These abnormalities cause loss of white ATs, whitening followed by loss of brown ATs, and impaired "browning" of white ATs. Consequently, mice exhibit compromised thermogenic capacity and develop dyslipidemia, hepatic steatosis, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes. While these effects of PIK3C3 largely contrast previous findings with the autophagy-related (ATG) protein ATG7 in adipocytes, mice with a combined deficiency in both factors reveal a dominant role of the PIK3C3-deficient phenotype. We have also found that dietary lipid excess exacerbates AT pathologies caused by PIK3C3 deficiency. Surprisingly, glucose tolerance is spared in adipocyte-specific PIK3C3-deficient mice, a phenotype that is more evident during dietary lipid excess. These findings reveal a crucial yet complex role for PIK3C3 in ATs, with potential therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqiang Song
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN37232
| | - J. Luke Postoak
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN37232
| | - Guan Yang
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN37232
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong999077, Hong Kong
| | - Xingyi Guo
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN37232
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN37232
| | - Heather H. Pua
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN37232
| | - Jackie Bader
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN37232
| | - Jeffrey C. Rathmell
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN37232
| | - Hanako Kobayashi
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN37232
- The Vanderbilt O’Brien Kidney Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN37232
- Medical and Research Services, Department of Veterans Affairs Hospital, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN37212
| | - Volker H. Haase
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN37232
- The Vanderbilt O’Brien Kidney Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN37232
- Medical and Research Services, Department of Veterans Affairs Hospital, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN37212
| | - Katrina L. Leaptrot
- Center for Innovative Technology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN37232
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN37232
| | - Alexandra C. Schrimpe-Rutledge
- Center for Innovative Technology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN37232
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN37232
| | - Stacy D. Sherrod
- Center for Innovative Technology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN37232
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN37232
| | - John A. McLean
- Center for Innovative Technology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN37232
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN37232
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL35294
- Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, AL35233
| | - Lan Wu
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN37232
| | - Luc Van Kaer
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN37232
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35
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Abstract
The global prevalences of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus have reached epidemic status, presenting a heavy burden on society. It is therefore essential to find novel mechanisms and targets that could be utilized in potential treatment strategies and, as such, intracellular membrane trafficking has re-emerged as a regulatory tool for controlling metabolic homeostasis. Membrane trafficking is an essential physiological process that is responsible for the sorting and distribution of signalling receptors, membrane transporters and hormones or other ligands between different intracellular compartments and the plasma membrane. Dysregulation of intracellular transport is associated with many human diseases, including cancer, neurodegeneration, immune deficiencies and metabolic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications. This Review focuses on the latest advances on the role of endosomal membrane trafficking in metabolic physiology and pathology in vivo, highlighting the importance of this research field in targeting metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Gilleron
- Université Côte d'Azur, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), UMR1065 C3M, Team Cellular and Molecular Pathophysiology of Obesity, Nice, France.
| | - Anja Zeigerer
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany.
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36
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Calcaterra V, Magenes VC, Rossi V, Fabiano V, Mameli C, Zuccotti G. Lipodystrophies in non-insulin-dependent children: Treatment options and results from recombinant human leptin therapy. Pharmacol Res 2023; 187:106629. [PMID: 36566927 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Lipodystrophy is a general definition containing different pathologies which, except for those observed in insulin-treated subjects falling outside the scope of this paper, are characterized by total or partial lack of body fat, that, according to the amount of missing adipose tissue, are divided in generalized or partial lipodystrophy. These diseases are characterized by leptin deficiency, which often leads to metabolic derangement, causing insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and increasing cardiovascular risk. In this narrative review, we presentend the clinical presentation of different types of lipodystrophies and metabolic unbalances related to disease in children and adolescents, focusing on the main treatment options and the novel results from recombinant human leptin (metreleptin) therapy. Milestones in the management of lipodystrophy include lifestyle modification as diet and physical activity, paired with hypoglycemic drugs, insulin, hypolipidemic drugs, and other drugs with the aim of treating lipodystrophy complications. Metreleptin has been recently approved for pediatric patients with general lipodystrophy (GL)> 2 years of age and for children with partial lipodystrophy (PL)> 12 years of age not controlled with conventional therapies. New therapeutic strategies are currently being investigated, especially for patients with PL forms, specifically, liver-targeted therapies. Further studies are needed to achieve the most specific and precise treatment possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Calcaterra
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy.
| | | | - Virginia Rossi
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Fabiano
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Mameli
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Gianvincenzo Zuccotti
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
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Honda M, Tsuboi A, Minato-Inokawa S, Takeuchi M, Kurata M, Wu B, Kazumi T, Fukuo K. Reduced gluteofemoral (subcutaneous) fat mass in young Japanese women with family history of type 2 diabetes: an exploratory analysis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12579. [PMID: 35869280 PMCID: PMC9307820 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16890-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractLimited expandability of subcutaneous adipose tissue may be characteristics of first-degree relatives of type 2 diabetes. We tested the hypothesis that family history of type 2 diabetes (FHD) may be associated with reduced peripheral fat mass. Body composition and metabolic variables were compared between 18 and 111 Japanese female collegiate athletes, and between 55 and 148 nonathletes with positive (FHD +) and negative FHD (FHD-), respectively. We had multivariate logistic regression analyses for FHD + as dependent variable in a total population.BMI averaged < 21 kg/m2 and did not differ between FHD + and FHD- nonathletes. Despite comparable BMI, body fat percentage and serum leptin were lower in FHD + nonathletes. This was due to lower arm and gluteofemoral fat percentage (both p = 0.02) whereas the difference in trunk fat percentage was not significant (p = 0.08). These differences were not found between two groups of athletes. FHD + women had lower HDL cholesterol despite lower BMI in a total population. Fasting insulin, serum adiponectin and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein did not differ between FHD + and FHD- athletes or nonathletes. Multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed independent associations of FHD + with BMI (odds ratio, 0.869; 95% confidential interval, 0.768–0.984; p = 0.02) and HDL cholesterol (odds ratio, 0.977; 95% confidential interval, 0.957–0.997, p = 0.02). In conclusion, FHD may be associated with reduced subcutaneous fat mass in young Japanese women, suggesting impaired adipose tissue expandability.
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38
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Börgeson E, Boucher J, Hagberg CE. Of mice and men: Pinpointing species differences in adipose tissue biology. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1003118. [PMID: 36187476 PMCID: PMC9521710 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1003118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity and metabolic diseases continues to rise, which has led to an increased interest in studying adipose tissue to elucidate underlying disease mechanisms. The use of genetic mouse models has been critical for understanding the role of specific genes for adipose tissue function and the tissue’s impact on other organs. However, mouse adipose tissue displays key differences to human fat, which has led, in some cases, to the emergence of some confounding concepts in the adipose field. Such differences include the depot-specific characteristics of visceral and subcutaneous fat, and divergences in thermogenic fat phenotype between the species. Adipose tissue characteristics may therefore not always be directly compared between species, which is important to consider when setting up new studies or interpreting results. This mini review outlines our current knowledge about the cell biological differences between human and mouse adipocytes and fat depots, highlighting some examples where inadequate knowledge of species-specific differences can lead to confounding results, and presenting plausible anatomic explanations that may underlie the differences. The article thus provides critical insights and guidance for researchers working primarily with only human or mouse fat tissue, and may contribute to new ideas or concepts in the important and evolving field of adipose biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Börgeson
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Wallenberg Laboratory, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Region Vaestra Goetaland, Department of Clinical Physiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jeremie Boucher
- The Lundberg Laboratory for Diabetes Research, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Metabolic Disease, Evotec International GmbH, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Carolina E. Hagberg
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Carolina E. Hagberg,
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39
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Nguyen A, Khafagy R, Meerasa A, Roshandel D, Paterson AD, Dash S. Insulin Response to Oral Glucose and Cardiometabolic Disease: A Mendelian Randomization Study to Assess Potential Causality. Diabetes 2022; 71:1880-1890. [PMID: 35748295 DOI: 10.2337/db22-0138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Mendelian randomization (MR) suggests that postprandial hyperinsulinemia (unadjusted for plasma glucose) increases BMI, but its impact on cardiometabolic disease, a leading cause for mortality and morbidity in people with obesity, is not established. Fat distribution i.e., increased centripetal and/or reduced femoro-gluteal adiposity, is causally associated with and better predicts cardiometabolic disease than BMI. We therefore undertook bidirectional MR to assess the effect of corrected insulin response (CIR) (insulin 30 min after a glucose challenge adjusted for plasma glucose) on BMI, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), leg fat, type 2 diabetes (T2D), triglyceride (TG), HDL, liver fat, hypertension (HTN), and coronary artery disease (CAD) in people of European descent. Inverse variance-weighted MR suggests a potential causal association between increased CIR and increased BMI (b = 0.048 ± 0.02, P = 0.03), increased leg fat (b = 0.029 ± 0.012, P = 0.01), reduced T2D (b = -0.73 ± 0.15, P = 6 × 10-7, odds ratio [OR] 0.48 [95% CI 0.36-0.64]), reduced TG (b = -0.07 ± 0.02, P = 0.003), and increased HDL (b = 0.04 ± 0.01, P = 0.006) with some evidence of horizontal pleiotropy. CIR had neutral effects on WHR (b = 0.009 ± 0.02, P = 0.69), liver fat (b = -0.08 ± 0.04, P = 0.06), HTN (b = -0.001 ± 0.004, P = 0.7, OR 1.00 [95% CI 0.99-1.01]), and CAD (b = -0.002 ± 0.002, P = 0.48, OR 0.99 [95% CI 0.81-1.21]). T2D decreased CIR (b -0.22 ± 0.04, P = 1.3 × 10-7), with no evidence that BMI, TG, HDL, liver fat, HTN, and CAD modulate CIR. In conclusion, we did not find evidence that increased CIR increases cardiometabolic disease. It might increase BMI with favorable fat distribution, reduce T2D, and improve lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Nguyen
- Department of Medicine, University Health Network, and University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Rana Khafagy
- Department of Medicine, University Health Network, and University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- Divisions of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ameena Meerasa
- Department of Medicine, University Health Network, and University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Delnaz Roshandel
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Andrew D Paterson
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- Divisions of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Satya Dash
- Department of Medicine, University Health Network, and University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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40
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Verma M, Loh NY, Sabaratnam R, Vasan SK, van Dam AD, Todorčević M, Neville MJ, Toledo E, Karpe F, Christodoulides C. TCF7L2 plays a complex role in human adipose progenitor biology, which might contribute to genetic susceptibility to type 2 diabetes. Metabolism 2022; 133:155240. [PMID: 35697299 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2022.155240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Non-coding genetic variation at TCF7L2 is the strongest genetic determinant of type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk in humans. TCF7L2 encodes a transcription factor mediating the nuclear effects of WNT signaling in adipose tissue (AT). In vivo studies in transgenic mice have highlighted important roles for TCF7L2 in adipose tissue biology and systemic metabolism. OBJECTIVE To map the expression of TCF7L2 in human AT, examine its role in human adipose cell biology in vitro, and investigate the effects of the fine-mapped T2D-risk allele at rs7903146 on AT morphology and TCF7L2 expression. METHODS Ex vivo gene expression studies of TCF7L2 in whole and fractionated human AT. In vitro TCF7L2 gain- and/or loss-of-function studies in primary and immortalized human adipose progenitor cells (APCs) and mature adipocytes (mADs). AT phenotyping of rs7903146 T2D-risk variant carriers and matched controls. RESULTS Adipose progenitors (APs) exhibited the highest TCF7L2 mRNA abundance compared to mature adipocytes and adipose-derived endothelial cells. Obesity was associated with reduced TCF7L2 transcript levels in whole subcutaneous abdominal AT but paradoxically increased expression in APs. In functional studies, TCF7L2 knockdown (KD) in abdominal APs led to dose-dependent activation of WNT/β-catenin signaling, impaired proliferation and dose-dependent effects on adipogenesis. Whilst partial KD enhanced adipocyte differentiation, near-total KD impaired lipid accumulation and adipogenic gene expression. Over-expression of TCF7L2 accelerated adipogenesis. In contrast, TCF7L2-KD in gluteal APs dose-dependently enhanced lipid accumulation. Transcriptome-wide profiling revealed that TCF7L2 might modulate multiple aspects of AP biology including extracellular matrix secretion, immune signaling and apoptosis. The T2D-risk allele at rs7903146 was associated with reduced AP TCF7L2 expression and enhanced AT insulin sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS TCF7L2 plays a complex role in AP biology and has both dose- and depot-dependent effects on adipogenesis. In addition to regulating pancreatic insulin secretion, genetic variation at TCF7L2 might also influence T2D risk by modulating AP function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manu Verma
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Nellie Y Loh
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Rugivan Sabaratnam
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK; Steno Diabetes Center Odense, Odense University Hospital, DK-5000 Odense, Denmark; Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Senthil K Vasan
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Andrea D van Dam
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Marijana Todorčević
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Matthew J Neville
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Enrique Toledo
- Department of Computational Biology, Novo Nordisk Research Centre Oxford, UK
| | - Fredrik Karpe
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK; NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, OUH Foundation Trust, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Constantinos Christodoulides
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK; NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, OUH Foundation Trust, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK.
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41
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Nagasaki K, Gavrilova O, Hajishengallis G, Somerman MJ. Does the RGD region of certain proteins affect metabolic activity? FRONTIERS IN DENTAL MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fdmed.2022.974862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A better understanding of the role of mineralized tissues and their associated factors in governing whole-body metabolism should be of value toward informing clinical strategies to treat mineralized tissue and metabolic disorders, such as diabetes and obesity. This perspective provides evidence suggesting a role for the arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) region, a sequence identified in several proteins secreted by bone cells, as well as other cells, in modulating systemic metabolic activity. We focus on (a) two of the SIBLING (small integrin-binding ligand, N-linked glycoprotein) family genes/proteins, bone sialoprotein (BSP) and osteopontin (OPN), (b) insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-1 & 2 (IGFBP-1, IGFBP-2) and (c) developmental endothelial locus 1 (DEL1) and milk fat globule–EGF factor-8 (MFG-E8). In addition, for our readers to appreciate the mounting evidence that a multitude of bone secreted factors affect the activity of other tissues, we provide a brief overview of other proteins, to include fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), phosphatase orphan 1 (PHOSPHO1), osteocalcin (OCN/BGLAP), tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP) and acidic serine aspartic-rich MEPE-associated motif (ASARM), along with known/suggested functions of these factors in influencing energy metabolism.
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Abstract
Lipodystrophy constitutes a spectrum of diseases characterized by a generalized or partial absence of adipose tissue. Underscoring the role of healthy fat in maintenance of metabolic homeostasis, fat deficiency in lipodystrophy typically leads to profound metabolic disturbances including insulin resistance, hypertriglyceridemia, and ectopic fat accumulation. While rare, recent genetic studies indicate that lipodystrophy is more prevalent than has been previously thought, suggesting considerable underdiagnosis in clinical practice. In this article, we provide an overview of the etiology and management of generalized and partial lipodystrophy disorders. We bring together the latest scientific evidence and clinical guidelines and expose key gaps in knowledge. Through improved recognition of the lipodystrophy disorders, patients (and their affected family members) can be appropriately screened for cardiometabolic, noncardiometabolic, and syndromic abnormalities and undergo treatment with targeted interventions. Notably, insights gained through the study of this rare and extreme phenotype can inform our knowledge of more common disorders of adipose tissue overload, including generalized obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay T Fourman
- Metabolism Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
- Correspondence: Lindsay T. Fourman, MD, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit St, 5LON207, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| | - Steven K Grinspoon
- Metabolism Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
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43
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Proteasome dysfunction disrupts adipogenesis and induces inflammation via ATF3. Mol Metab 2022; 62:101518. [PMID: 35636710 PMCID: PMC9194453 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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44
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Rutkowska L, Salachna D, Lewandowski K, Lewiński A, Gach A. Familial Partial Lipodystrophy-Literature Review and Report of a Novel Variant in PPARG Expanding the Spectrum of Disease-Causing Alterations in FPLD3. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12051122. [PMID: 35626278 PMCID: PMC9139680 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12051122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Familial partial lipodystrophy (FPLD) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by the selective loss of adipose tissue. Its estimated prevalence is as low as 1 in 1 million. The deficiency of metabolically active adipose tissue is closely linked with a wide range of metabolic complications, such as insulin resistance, lipoatrophic diabetes, dyslipidemia with severe hypertriglyceridemia, hypertension or hepatic steatosis. Moreover, female patients often develop hyperandrogenism, hirsutism, polycystic ovaries and infertility. The two most common types are FPLD type 2 and 3. Variants within LMNA and PPARG genes account for more than 50% of all reported FPLD cases. Because of its high heterogeneity and rarity, lipodystrophy can be easily unrecognized or misdiagnosed. To determine the genetic background of FPLD in a symptomatic woman and her close family, an NGS custom panel was used to sequence LMNA and PPARG genes. The affected patient presented fat deposits in the face, neck and trunk, with fat loss combined with muscular hypertrophy in the lower extremities and hirsutism, all features first manifesting at puberty. Her clinical presentation included metabolic disturbances, including hypercholesterolemia with severe hypertriglyceridemia, diabetes mellitus and hepatic steatosis. This together with her typical fat distribution and physical features raised a suspicion of FPLD. NGS analysis revealed the presence of missense heterozygous variant c.443G>A in exon 4 of PPARG gene, causing glycine to glutamic acid substitution at amino acid position 148, p.(Gly148Glu). The variant was also found in the patient’s mother and son. The variant was not previously reported in any public database. Based on computational analysis, crucial variant localization within DNA-binding domain of PPARγ, available literature data and the variant cosegregation in the patient’s family, novel c.443G>A variant was suspected to be causative. Functional testing is needed to confirm the pathogenicity of the novel variant. Inherited lipodystrophy syndromes represent a heterogenous group of metabolic disorders, whose background often remains unclear. A better understating of the genetic basis would allow earlier diagnosis and targeted treatment implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Rutkowska
- Department of Genetics, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital-Research Institute, 93-338 Lodz, Poland;
- Correspondence: (L.R.); (K.L.); (A.L.); (A.G.)
| | - Dominik Salachna
- Department of Genetics, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital-Research Institute, 93-338 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Krzysztof Lewandowski
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital-Research Institute, 93-338 Lodz, Poland
- Correspondence: (L.R.); (K.L.); (A.L.); (A.G.)
| | - Andrzej Lewiński
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital-Research Institute, 93-338 Lodz, Poland
- Correspondence: (L.R.); (K.L.); (A.L.); (A.G.)
| | - Agnieszka Gach
- Department of Genetics, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital-Research Institute, 93-338 Lodz, Poland;
- Correspondence: (L.R.); (K.L.); (A.L.); (A.G.)
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45
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Ioannidou A, Fisher RM, Hagberg CE. The multifaceted roles of the adipose tissue vasculature. Obes Rev 2022; 23:e13403. [PMID: 34866318 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity and its associated pathologies continue to increase, which has led to a renewed interest in our major weight-regulating organ, the white adipose tissue. It has become clear that its development, expansion, and physiological function depend on proper crosstalk between each of its cellular constituents, with a central role for the vascular endothelium lining the blood vessels. Although first considered a mere barrier, the endothelium has emerged as a dynamic unit modulating many critical adipose tissue functions. It not only oversees the uptake of all nutrients to be stored in the adipocytes but also provides an important growth niche for adipocyte progenitors and regulates the expandability of the tissue during overfeeding and obesity. In this review, we describe the reciprocal relationship between endothelial cells, adipocytes, and obesity. We present recent studies that support an important role for endothelial cells as central mediators of many of the physiological and pathological functions of the adipose tissue and highlight several unknown aspects of adipose tissue vascular biology. This new perspective could present exciting opportunities to develop new therapeutic approaches against obesity-related pathologies and is thus of great interest in our increasingly obese society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ioannidou
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden.,Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Rachel M Fisher
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden.,Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Carolina E Hagberg
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden.,Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
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46
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Grabner GF, Guttenberger N, Mayer N, Migglautsch-Sulzer AK, Lembacher-Fadum C, Fawzy N, Bulfon D, Hofer P, Züllig T, Hartig L, Kulminskaya N, Chalhoub G, Schratter M, Radner FPW, Preiss-Landl K, Masser S, Lass A, Zechner R, Gruber K, Oberer M, Breinbauer R, Zimmermann R. Small-Molecule Inhibitors Targeting Lipolysis in Human Adipocytes. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:6237-6250. [PMID: 35362954 PMCID: PMC9011347 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c10836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Chronically elevated
circulating fatty acid levels promote lipid
accumulation in nonadipose tissues and cause lipotoxicity. Adipose
triglyceride lipase (ATGL) critically determines the release of fatty
acids from white adipose tissue, and accumulating evidence suggests
that inactivation of ATGL has beneficial effects on lipotoxicity-driven
disorders including insulin resistance, steatohepatitis, and heart
disease, classifying ATGL as a promising drug target. Here, we report
on the development and biological characterization of the first small-molecule
inhibitor of human ATGL. This inhibitor, designated NG-497, selectively
inactivates human and nonhuman primate ATGL but not structurally and
functionally related lipid hydrolases. We demonstrate that NG-497
abolishes lipolysis in human adipocytes in a dose-dependent and reversible
manner. The combined analysis of mouse- and human-selective inhibitors,
chimeric ATGL proteins, and homology models revealed detailed insights
into enzyme–inhibitor interactions. NG-497 binds ATGL within
a hydrophobic cavity near the active site. Therein, three amino acid
residues determine inhibitor efficacy and species selectivity and
thus provide the molecular scaffold for selective inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gernot F Grabner
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 31/2, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Nikolaus Guttenberger
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Nicole Mayer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | | | | | - Nermeen Fawzy
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 31/2, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Dominik Bulfon
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 31/2, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Peter Hofer
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 31/2, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Thomas Züllig
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 31/2, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Lennart Hartig
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 31/2, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Natalia Kulminskaya
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 31/2, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Gabriel Chalhoub
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 31/2, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Margarita Schratter
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 31/2, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Franz P W Radner
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 31/2, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Karina Preiss-Landl
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 31/2, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Sarah Masser
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 31/2, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Achim Lass
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 31/2, 8010 Graz, Austria.,BioTechMed-Graz, Mozartgasse 12/2, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Rudolf Zechner
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 31/2, 8010 Graz, Austria.,BioTechMed-Graz, Mozartgasse 12/2, 8010 Graz, Austria.,BioHealth Field of Excellence, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 3, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Karl Gruber
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 31/2, 8010 Graz, Austria.,BioTechMed-Graz, Mozartgasse 12/2, 8010 Graz, Austria.,BioHealth Field of Excellence, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 3, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Monika Oberer
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 31/2, 8010 Graz, Austria.,BioTechMed-Graz, Mozartgasse 12/2, 8010 Graz, Austria.,BioHealth Field of Excellence, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 3, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Rolf Breinbauer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria.,BioTechMed-Graz, Mozartgasse 12/2, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Robert Zimmermann
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 31/2, 8010 Graz, Austria.,BioTechMed-Graz, Mozartgasse 12/2, 8010 Graz, Austria.,BioHealth Field of Excellence, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 3, 8010 Graz, Austria
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47
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Koprulu M, Zhao Y, Wheeler E, Dong L, Rocha N, Li C, Griffin JD, Patel S, Van de Streek M, Glastonbury CA, Stewart ID, Day FR, Luan J, Bowker N, Wittemans LBL, Kerrison ND, Cai L, Lucarelli DME, Barroso I, McCarthy MI, Scott RA, Saudek V, Small KS, Wareham NJ, Semple RK, Perry JRB, O’Rahilly S, Lotta LA, Langenberg C, Savage DB. Identification of Rare Loss-of-Function Genetic Variation Regulating Body Fat Distribution. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:1065-1077. [PMID: 34875679 PMCID: PMC8947777 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Biological and translational insights from large-scale, array-based genetic studies of fat distribution, a key determinant of metabolic health, have been limited by the difficulty in linking predominantly noncoding variants to specific gene targets. Rare coding variant analyses provide greater confidence that a specific gene is involved, but do not necessarily indicate whether gain or loss of function (LoF) would be of most therapeutic benefit. OBJECTIVE This work aimed to identify genes/proteins involved in determining fat distribution. METHODS We combined the power of genome-wide analysis of array-based rare, nonsynonymous variants in 450 562 individuals in the UK Biobank with exome-sequence-based rare LoF gene burden testing in 184 246 individuals. RESULTS The data indicate that the LoF of 4 genes (PLIN1 [LoF variants, P = 5.86 × 10-7], INSR [LoF variants, P = 6.21 × 10-7], ACVR1C [LoF + moderate impact variants, P = 1.68 × 10-7; moderate impact variants, P = 4.57 × 10-7], and PDE3B [LoF variants, P = 1.41 × 10-6]) is associated with a beneficial effect on body mass index-adjusted waist-to-hip ratio and increased gluteofemoral fat mass, whereas LoF of PLIN4 (LoF variants, P = 5.86 × 10-7 adversely affects these parameters. Phenotypic follow-up suggests that LoF of PLIN1, PDE3B, and ACVR1C favorably affects metabolic phenotypes (eg, triglycerides [TGs] and high-density lipoprotein [HDL] cholesterol concentrations) and reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease, whereas PLIN4 LoF has adverse health consequences. INSR LoF is associated with lower TG and HDL levels but may increase the risk of type 2 diabetes. CONCLUSION This study robustly implicates these genes in the regulation of fat distribution, providing new and in some cases somewhat counterintuitive insight into the potential consequences of targeting these molecules therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mine Koprulu
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Yajie Zhao
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Eleanor Wheeler
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Liang Dong
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Nuno Rocha
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Chen Li
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - John D Griffin
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development, and Medical, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Satish Patel
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Marcel Van de Streek
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, St Thomas’ Campus, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | | | - Isobel D Stewart
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Felix R Day
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Jian’an Luan
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Nicholas Bowker
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Laura B L Wittemans
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- Big Data Institute at the Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
- Nuffield Department of Women’s and Reproductive Health, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Nicola D Kerrison
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Lina Cai
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Debora M E Lucarelli
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- D.M.E.L. is currently an employee of Enhanc3D Genomics Ltd
| | - Inês Barroso
- Exeter Centre of Excellence for Diabetes Research (EXCEED), Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX1 2HZ, UK
| | - Mark I McCarthy
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
- M.McM.’s current address is Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Robert A Scott
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Vladimir Saudek
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Kerrin S Small
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, St Thomas’ Campus, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Nicholas J Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Robert K Semple
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - John R B Perry
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Stephen O’Rahilly
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Luca A Lotta
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Claudia Langenberg
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- Computational Medicine, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Correspondence: Claudia Langenberg, MD, Dr Med, PhD, MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 285, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
| | - David B Savage
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- David B. Savage, MBCHB, PhD, University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust–MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Box 289, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
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48
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Integrating adipocyte insulin signaling and metabolism in the multi-omics era. Trends Biochem Sci 2022; 47:531-546. [PMID: 35304047 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2022.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Insulin stimulates glucose uptake into adipocytes via mTORC2/AKT signaling and GLUT4 translocation and directs glucose carbons into glycolysis, glycerol for TAG synthesis, and de novo lipogenesis. Adipocyte insulin resistance is an early indicator of type 2 diabetes in obesity, a worldwide health crisis. Thus, understanding the interplay between insulin signaling and central carbon metabolism pathways that maintains adipocyte function, blood glucose levels, and metabolic homeostasis is critical. While classically viewed through the lens of individual enzyme-substrate interactions, advances in mass spectrometry are beginning to illuminate adipocyte signaling and metabolic networks on an unprecedented scale, yet this is just the tip of the iceberg. Here, we review how 'omics approaches help to elucidate adipocyte insulin action in cellular time and space.
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49
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Seyres D, Cabassi A, Lambourne JJ, Burden F, Farrow S, McKinney H, Batista J, Kempster C, Pietzner M, Slingsby O, Cao TH, Quinn PA, Stefanucci L, Sims MC, Rehnstrom K, Adams CL, Frary A, Ergüener B, Kreuzhuber R, Mocciaro G, D'Amore S, Koulman A, Grassi L, Griffin JL, Ng LL, Park A, Savage DB, Langenberg C, Bock C, Downes K, Wareham NJ, Allison M, Vacca M, Kirk PDW, Frontini M. Transcriptional, epigenetic and metabolic signatures in cardiometabolic syndrome defined by extreme phenotypes. Clin Epigenetics 2022; 14:39. [PMID: 35279219 PMCID: PMC8917653 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-022-01257-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This work is aimed at improving the understanding of cardiometabolic syndrome pathophysiology and its relationship with thrombosis by generating a multi-omic disease signature. METHODS/RESULTS We combined classic plasma biochemistry and plasma biomarkers with the transcriptional and epigenetic characterisation of cell types involved in thrombosis, obtained from two extreme phenotype groups (morbidly obese and lipodystrophy) and lean individuals to identify the molecular mechanisms at play, highlighting patterns of abnormal activation in innate immune phagocytic cells. Our analyses showed that extreme phenotype groups could be distinguished from lean individuals, and from each other, across all data layers. The characterisation of the same obese group, 6 months after bariatric surgery, revealed the loss of the abnormal activation of innate immune cells previously observed. However, rather than reverting to the gene expression landscape of lean individuals, this occurred via the establishment of novel gene expression landscapes. NETosis and its control mechanisms emerge amongst the pathways that show an improvement after surgical intervention. CONCLUSIONS We showed that the morbidly obese and lipodystrophy groups, despite some differences, shared a common cardiometabolic syndrome signature. We also showed that this could be used to discriminate, amongst the normal population, those individuals with a higher likelihood of presenting with the disease, even when not displaying the classic features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Seyres
- National Institute for Health Research BioResource, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK.
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK.
- NHS Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Alessandra Cabassi
- MRC Biostatistics Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - John J Lambourne
- National Institute for Health Research BioResource, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- NHS Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Frances Burden
- National Institute for Health Research BioResource, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- NHS Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Samantha Farrow
- National Institute for Health Research BioResource, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- NHS Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Harriet McKinney
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Joana Batista
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Carly Kempster
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Maik Pietzner
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Oliver Slingsby
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Glenfield Hospital, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Thong Huy Cao
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Glenfield Hospital, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Paulene A Quinn
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Glenfield Hospital, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Luca Stefanucci
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- NHS Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Matthew C Sims
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- NHS Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Oxford Haemophilia and Thrombosis Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Karola Rehnstrom
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Claire L Adams
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Amy Frary
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Bekir Ergüener
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Roman Kreuzhuber
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Gabriele Mocciaro
- Department of Biochemistry and the Cambridge Systems Biology Centre, University of Cambridge, The Sanger Building, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1GA, UK
| | - Simona D'Amore
- Addenbrooke's Hospital, NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medicine, Aldo Moro University of Bari, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
- National Cancer Research Center, IRCCS Istituto Tumori 'Giovanni Paolo II', Viale Orazio Flacco, 65, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Albert Koulman
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- MRC Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centres Core Nutritional Biomarker Laboratory, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centres Core Metabolomics and Lipidomics Laboratory, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Luigi Grassi
- National Institute for Health Research BioResource, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- NHS Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Julian L Griffin
- Department of Biochemistry and the Cambridge Systems Biology Centre, University of Cambridge, The Sanger Building, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1GA, UK
| | - Leong Loke Ng
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Glenfield Hospital, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Adrian Park
- Addenbrooke's Hospital, NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - David B Savage
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | | | - Christoph Bock
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kate Downes
- National Institute for Health Research BioResource, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- East Midlands and East of England Genomic Laboratory Hub, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Michael Allison
- Addenbrooke's Hospital, NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Michele Vacca
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- Department of Biochemistry and the Cambridge Systems Biology Centre, University of Cambridge, The Sanger Building, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1GA, UK
| | - Paul D W Kirk
- MRC Biostatistics Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK.
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease (CITIID), Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK.
| | - Mattia Frontini
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK.
- NHS Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK.
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK.
- Institute of Biomedical & Clinical Science, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter Medical School, RILD Building, Barrack Road, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK.
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50
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Magré J, Prieur X. Seipin Deficiency as a Model of Severe Adipocyte Dysfunction: Lessons from Rodent Models and Teaching for Human Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:740. [PMID: 35054926 PMCID: PMC8775404 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity prevalence is increasing worldwide, leading to cardiometabolic morbidities. Adipocyte dysfunction, impairing white adipose tissue (WAT) expandability and metabolic flexibility, is central in the development of obesity-related metabolic complications. Rare syndromes of lipodystrophy characterized by an extreme paucity of functional adipose tissue should be considered as primary adipocyte dysfunction diseases. Berardinelli-Seip congenital lipodystrophy (BSCL) is the most severe form with a near absence of WAT associated with cardiometabolic complications such as insulin resistance, liver steatosis, dyslipidemia, and cardiomyopathy. Twenty years ago, mutations in the BSCL2 gene have been identified as the cause of BSCL in human. BSCL2 encodes seipin, an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) anchored protein whose function was unknown back then. Studies of seipin knockout mice or rats demonstrated how seipin deficiency leads to severe lipodystrophy and to cardiometabolic complications. At the cellular levels, seipin is organized in multimers that are particularly enriched at ER/lipid droplet and ER/mitochondria contact sites. Seipin deficiency impairs both adipocyte differentiation and mature adipocyte maintenance. Experiments using adipose tissue transplantation in seipin knockout mice and tissue-specific deletion of seipin have provided a large body of evidence that liver steatosis, cardiomyopathy, and renal injury, classical diabetic complications, are all consequences of lipodystrophy. Rare adipocyte dysfunctions such as in BSCL are the key paradigm to unravel the pathways that control adipocyte homeostasis. The knowledge gathered through the study of these pathologies may bring new strategies to maintain and improve adipose tissue expandability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xavier Prieur
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, L’institut du Thorax, Université de Nantes, F-44000 Nantes, France;
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