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Della Guardia L, Luzi L, Codella R. Muscle-UCP3 in the regulation of energy metabolism. Mitochondrion 2024; 76:101872. [PMID: 38499130 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2024.101872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Uncoupling protein-3 (UCP3) is a mitochondria-regulatory protein with potential energy- homeostatic functions. This study explores the role of UCP3 in the regulation of muscle- and energy metabolism. UCP3 is critical for tuning substrate utilization, favoring lipid oxidation, particularly in conditions of high-fat availability. While UCP3 is non-essential for lipid oxidation during energy excess, it proves vital during fasting, indicating an energy-homeostatic trait. Preliminary evidence indicates UCP3' promotion of glucose uptake and oxidation, at least in conditions of high glucose/low fat availability. However, the dynamics of how fats and glucose differentially influence UCP3 remain undefined. UCP3 exhibits inducible proton transport and uncoupling activity, operating in a dual manner: a resting state with no/low activity and an activated state in the presence of activators. Uncoupling may enhance thermogenesis in specific conditions and in the presence of activators such as fatty acids, thyroid hormones, and catecholamines. This energy-dissipative activity adapts to varying energy availability, balancing energy dissipation with fatty acid oxidation to optimize whole-body energy homeostasis: fasting triggers UCP3 upregulation, enhancing lipid utilization while suppressing uncoupling. Additionally, UCP3 upregulation induces glucose and lipid disposal from the bloodstream and decreases tri-/diglyceride storage in muscle. This process improves mitochondrial functionality and insulin signaling, leading to enhanced systemicgluco-metabolic balance and protection from metabolic conditions. Reviewed evidence suggests that UCP3 plays a crucial role in adapting the system to changing energy conditions. However, the precise role of UCP3 in regulating metabolism requires further elucidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucio Della Guardia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Livio Luzi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy; Department of Endocrinology, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milano, Italy
| | - Roberto Codella
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy; Department of Endocrinology, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milano, Italy.
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Li H, Gao W, Wang H, Zhang H, Huang L, Yuan T, Zheng W, Wu Q, Liu J, Xu W, Wang W, Yang L, Zhu Y. Evidence from an Avian Embryo Model that Zinc-Inducible MT4 Expression Protects Mitochondrial Function Against Oxidative Stress. J Nutr 2024; 154:896-907. [PMID: 38301957 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metallothioneins (MTs) have a strong affinity for zinc (Zn) and remain at a sufficiently high level in mitochondria. As the avian embryo is highly susceptible to oxidative damage and relatively easy to manipulate in a naturally closed chamber, it is an ideal model of the effects of oxidative stress on mitochondrial function. However, the protective roles and molecular mechanisms of Zn-inducible protein expression on mitochondrial function in response to various stressors are poorly understood. OBJECTIVES The study aimed to investigate the mechanisms by which Zn-induced MT4 expression protects mitochondrial function and energy metabolism subjected to oxidative stress using the avian embryo and embryonic primary hepatocyte models. METHODS First, we investigated whether MT4 expression alters mitochondrial function. Then, we examined the effects of Zn-induced MT4 overexpression and MT4 silencing on embryonic primary hepatocytes from breeder hens fed a normal Zn diet subjected to a tert-butyl hydroperoxide (BHP) oxidative stress challenge during incubation. In vivo, the avian embryos from hens fed the Zn-deficient and Zn-adequate diets were used to determine the protective roles of Zn-induced MT4 expression on the function of mitochondria exposed to oxidative stress induced by in ovo BHP injection. RESULTS An in vitro study revealed that Zn-induced MT4 expression reduced reactive oxygen species accumulation in primary hepatocytes. MT4 silencing exacerbated BHP-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction whereas Zn-inducible MT4 overexpression mitigated it. Another in vivo study disclosed that maternal Zn-induced MT4 expression protected mitochondrial function in chick embryo hepatocytes against oxidative stress by inhibiting the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α)/peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) pathway. CONCLUSION This study underscores the potential protective roles of Zn-induced MT4 expression via the downregulation of the PGC-1α/PPAR-γ pathway on mitochondrial function stimulated by the stress challenge in the primary hepatocytes in an avian embryo model. Our findings suggested that Zn-induced MT4 expression could provide a new therapeutic target and preventive strategy for repairing mitochondrial dysfunction in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Heng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Huaqi Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Tongren Polytechnic University, Tongren, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenxuan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qilin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ju Liu
- Department of Poultry Breeding, Enping Long Industrial Co. Ltd., Enping, People's Republic of China
| | - Weihan Xu
- Department of Poultry Breeding, Zhengzhi Poultry Industry Co. Ltd., Shantou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wence Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yongwen Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
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Beiter T, Zügel M, Hudemann J, Schild M, Fragasso A, Burgstahler C, Krüger K, Mooren FC, Steinacker JM, Nieß AM. The Acute, Short-, and Long-Term Effects of Endurance Exercise on Skeletal Muscle Transcriptome Profiles. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2881. [PMID: 38474128 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
A better understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms that are involved in skeletal muscle adaptation to exercise is fundamentally important to take full advantage of the enormous benefits that exercise training offers in disease prevention and therapy. The aim of this study was to elucidate the transcriptional signatures that distinguish the endurance-trained and untrained muscles in young adult males (24 ± 3.5 years). We characterized baseline differences as well as acute exercise-induced transcriptome responses in vastus lateralis biopsy specimens of endurance-trained athletes (ET; n = 8; VO2max, 67.2 ± 8.9 mL/min/kg) and sedentary healthy volunteers (SED; n = 8; VO2max, 40.3 ± 7.6 mL/min/kg) using microarray technology. A second cohort of SED volunteers (SED-T; n = 10) followed an 8-week endurance training program to assess expression changes of selected marker genes in the course of skeletal muscle adaptation. We deciphered differential baseline signatures that reflected major differences in the oxidative and metabolic capacity of the endurance-trained and untrained muscles. SED-T individuals in the training group displayed an up-regulation of nodal regulators of oxidative adaptation after 3 weeks of training and a significant shift toward the ET signature after 8 weeks. Transcriptome changes provoked by 1 h of intense cycling exercise only poorly overlapped with the genes that constituted the differential baseline signature of ETs and SEDs. Overall, acute exercise-induced transcriptional responses were connected to pathways of contractile, oxidative, and inflammatory stress and revealed a complex and highly regulated framework of interwoven signaling cascades to cope with exercise-provoked homeostatic challenges. While temporal transcriptional programs that were activated in SEDs and ETs were quite similar, the quantitative divergence in the acute response transcriptomes implicated divergent kinetics of gene induction and repression following an acute bout of exercise. Together, our results provide an extensive examination of the transcriptional framework that underlies skeletal muscle plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Beiter
- Department of Sports Medicine, Medical Clinic, Eberhard-Karls-University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Martina Zügel
- Department of Sport and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Ulm, 89075 Ulm, Germany
| | - Jens Hudemann
- Department of Sports Medicine, Medical Clinic, Eberhard-Karls-University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marius Schild
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy, University of Gießen, 35394 Gießen, Germany
| | - Annunziata Fragasso
- Department of Sports Medicine, Medical Clinic, Eberhard-Karls-University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christof Burgstahler
- Department of Sports Medicine, Medical Clinic, Eberhard-Karls-University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Karsten Krüger
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy, University of Gießen, 35394 Gießen, Germany
| | - Frank C Mooren
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health, University of Witten/Herdecke, 58455 Witten, Germany
| | - Jürgen M Steinacker
- Department of Sport and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Ulm, 89075 Ulm, Germany
| | - Andreas M Nieß
- Department of Sports Medicine, Medical Clinic, Eberhard-Karls-University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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Le J, Chen Y, Yang W, Chen L, Ye J. Metabolic basis of solute carrier transporters in treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Acta Pharm Sin B 2024; 14:437-454. [PMID: 38322335 PMCID: PMC10840401 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Solute carriers (SLCs) constitute the largest superfamily of membrane transporter proteins. These transporters, present in various SLC families, play a vital role in energy metabolism by facilitating the transport of diverse substances, including glucose, fatty acids, amino acids, nucleotides, and ions. They actively participate in the regulation of glucose metabolism at various steps, such as glucose uptake (e.g., SLC2A4/GLUT4), glucose reabsorption (e.g., SLC5A2/SGLT2), thermogenesis (e.g., SLC25A7/UCP-1), and ATP production (e.g., SLC25A4/ANT1 and SLC25A5/ANT2). The activities of these transporters contribute to the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Notably, SLC5A2 has emerged as a valid drug target for T2DM due to its role in renal glucose reabsorption, leading to groundbreaking advancements in diabetes drug discovery. Alongside SLC5A2, multiple families of SLC transporters involved in the regulation of glucose homeostasis hold potential applications for T2DM therapy. SLCs also impact drug metabolism of diabetic medicines through gene polymorphisms, such as rosiglitazone (SLCO1B1/OATP1B1) and metformin (SLC22A1-3/OCT1-3 and SLC47A1, 2/MATE1, 2). By consolidating insights into the biological activities and clinical relevance of SLC transporters in T2DM, this review offers a comprehensive update on their roles in controlling glucose metabolism as potential drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamei Le
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Yilong Chen
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Metabolic Disease Research Center, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450007, China
| | - Ligong Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jianping Ye
- Metabolic Disease Research Center, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450007, China
- Research Center for Basic Medicine, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
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Chen F, Sarver DC, Saqib M, Velez LM, Aja S, Seldin MM, Wong GW. Loss of CTRP10 results in female obesity with preserved metabolic health. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.01.565163. [PMID: 37961647 PMCID: PMC10635050 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.01.565163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, cardiovascular disease, and hypertension. Intriguingly, there is a subset of metabolically healthy obese (MHO) individuals who are seemingly able to maintain a healthy metabolic profile free of metabolic syndrome. The molecular underpinnings of MHO, however, are not well understood. Here, we report that CTRP10/C1QL2-deficient mice represent a unique female model of MHO. CTRP10 modulates weight gain in a striking and sexually dimorphic manner. Female, but not male, mice lacking CTRP10 develop obesity with age on a low-fat diet while maintaining an otherwise healthy metabolic profile. When fed an obesogenic diet, female Ctrp10 knockout (KO) mice show rapid weight gain. Despite pronounced obesity, Ctrp10 KO female mice do not develop steatosis, dyslipidemia, glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, oxidative stress, or low-grade inflammation. Obesity is largely uncoupled from metabolic dysregulation in female KO mice. Multi-tissue transcriptomic analyses highlighted gene expression changes and pathways associated with insulin-sensitive obesity. Transcriptional correlation of the differentially expressed gene (DEG) orthologous in humans also show sex differences in gene connectivity within and across metabolic tissues, underscoring the conserved sex-dependent function of CTRP10. Collectively, our findings suggest that CTRP10 negatively regulates body weight in females, and that loss of CTRP10 results in benign obesity with largely preserved insulin sensitivity and metabolic health. This female MHO mouse model is valuable for understanding sex-biased mechanisms that uncouple obesity from metabolic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangluo Chen
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Dylan C. Sarver
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Muzna Saqib
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Leandro M Velez
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, USA
- Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, University of California Irvine, Irvine, USA
| | - Susan Aja
- Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Marcus M. Seldin
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, USA
- Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, University of California Irvine, Irvine, USA
| | - G. William Wong
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Wang H, Liang W, Wang X, Zhan Y, Wang W, Yang L, Zhu Y. Notch mediates the glycolytic switch via PI3K/Akt signaling to support embryonic development. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2023; 28:50. [PMID: 37365491 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-023-00459-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Energy metabolism disorder or insufficient energy supply during incubation will affect the development and survival of avian embryos. Especially, β-oxidation could not provide the continuous necessary energy for avian embryonic development due to the increasing energy demand under hypoxic conditions during the mid-late embryonic stages. The role and mechanism of hypoxic glycolysis replacing β-oxidation as the main source of energy supply for avian embryonic development in the mid-late stages is unclear. RESULTS Here, we found that in ovo injection with glycolysis inhibitor or γ-secretase inhibitor both decreased the hepatic glycolysis level and impaired goose embryonic development. Intriguingly, the blockade of Notch signaling is also accompanied by the inhibition of PI3K/Akt signaling in the embryonic primary hepatocytes and embryonic liver. Notably, the decreased glycolysis and impaired embryonic growth induced by the blockade of Notch signaling were restored by activation of PI3K/Akt signaling. CONCLUSIONS Notch signaling regulates a key glycolytic switch in a PI3K/Akt-dependent manner to supply energy for avian embryonic growth. Our study is the first to demonstrate the role of Notch signaling-induced glycolytic switching in embryonic development, and presents new insight into the energy supply patterns in embryogenesis under hypoxic conditions. In addition, it may also provide a natural hypoxia model for developmental biology studies such as immunology, genetics, virology, cancer, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Wenqi Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Xuyang Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Yuchun Zhan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Wence Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510000, China.
| | - Yongwen Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510000, China.
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Barber TM, Kabisch S, Pfeiffer AFH, Weickert MO. Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease and Insulin Resistance: A Review of Complex Interlinks. Metabolites 2023; 13:757. [PMID: 37367914 PMCID: PMC10304744 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13060757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) has now surpassed alcohol excess as the most common cause of chronic liver disease globally, affecting one in four people. Given its prevalence, MAFLD is an important cause of cirrhosis, even though only a small proportion of patients with MAFLD ultimately progress to cirrhosis. MAFLD suffers as a clinical entity due to its insidious and often asymptomatic onset, lack of an accurate and reliable non-invasive diagnostic test, and lack of a bespoke therapy that has been designed and approved for use specifically in MAFLD. MAFLD sits at a crossroads between the gut and the periphery. The development of MAFLD (including activation of the inflammatory cascade) is influenced by gut-related factors that include the gut microbiota and intactness of the gut mucosal wall. The gut microbiota may interact directly with the liver parenchyma (through translocation via the portal vein), or indirectly through the release of metabolic metabolites that include secondary bile acids, trimethylamine, and short-chain fatty acids (such as propionate and acetate). In turn, the liver mediates the metabolic status of peripheral tissues (including insulin sensitivity) through a complex interplay of hepatokines, liver-secreted metabolites, and liver-derived micro RNAs. As such, the liver plays a key central role in influencing overall metabolic status. In this concise review, we provide an overview of the complex mechanisms whereby MAFLD influences the development of insulin resistance within the periphery, and gut-related factors impact on the development of MAFLD. We also discuss lifestyle strategies for optimising metabolic liver health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M. Barber
- Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire, Clifford Bridge Road, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
- NIHR CRF Human Metabolism Research Unit, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire, Clifford Bridge Road, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK
| | - Stefan Kabisch
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Medicine, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité University Medicine, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung e.V., Geschäftsstelle am Helmholtz-Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Andreas F. H. Pfeiffer
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Medicine, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité University Medicine, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung e.V., Geschäftsstelle am Helmholtz-Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martin O. Weickert
- Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire, Clifford Bridge Road, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
- NIHR CRF Human Metabolism Research Unit, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire, Clifford Bridge Road, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry CV1 5FB, UK
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Gwag T, Li D, Ma E, Guo Z, Liang Y, Wang S. CD47 antisense oligonucleotide treatment attenuates obesity and its-associated metabolic dysfunction. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2748. [PMID: 36797364 PMCID: PMC9935863 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30006-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous study from our lab has revealed a new role of CD47 in regulating adipose tissue function, energy homeostasis and the development of obesity and metabolic disease in CD47 deficient mice. In this study, the therapeutic potential of an antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) targeting to CD47 in obesity and its-associated complications was determined in two obese mouse models (diet induced and genetic models). In diet induced obesity, male C57BL6 mice were fed with high fat (HF) diet to induce obesity and then treated with CD47ASO or control ASO for 8 weeks. In genetic obese mouse model, male six-week old ob/ob mice were treated with ASOs for 9 weeks. We found that CD47ASO treatment reduced HF diet-induced weight gain, decreased fat mass, prevented dyslipidemia, and improved glucose tolerance. These changes were accompanied by reduced inflammation in white adipose tissue and decreased hepatic steatosis. This protection was also seen in CD47ASO treated ob/ob mice. Mechanistically, CD47ASO treatment increased mice physical activity and energy expenditure, contributing to weight loss and improved metabolic outcomes in obese mice. Collectively, these findings suggest that CD47ASO might serve as a new treatment option for obesity and its-associated metabolic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taesik Gwag
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Wethington Bldg. Room 583, 900 S. Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
- Lexington Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Lexington, KY, 40502, USA
| | - Dong Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Wethington Bldg. Room 583, 900 S. Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
- Lexington Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Lexington, KY, 40502, USA
| | - Eric Ma
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Wethington Bldg. Room 583, 900 S. Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Zhenheng Guo
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Wethington Bldg. Room 583, 900 S. Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Ying Liang
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Shuxia Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Wethington Bldg. Room 583, 900 S. Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.
- Lexington Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Lexington, KY, 40502, USA.
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Chen Y, Hu Q, Wang C, Wang T. The crosstalk between BAT thermogenesis and skeletal muscle dysfunction. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1132830. [PMID: 37153220 PMCID: PMC10160478 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1132830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic defects increase the risk of skeletal muscle diseases, and muscle impairment might worsen metabolic disruption, leading to a vicious cycle. Both brown adipose tissue (BAT) and skeletal muscle play important roles in non-shivering thermogenesis to regulate energy homeostasis. BAT regulates body temperature, systemic metabolism, and seretion of batokines that have positive or negative impacts on skeletal muscle. Conversely, muscle can secrete myokines that regulate BAT function. This review explained the crosstalk between BAT and skeletal muscle, and then discussed the batokines and highlighted their impact on skeletal muscle under physiological conditions. BAT is now considered a potential therapeutic target for obesity and diabetes treatment. Moreover, manipulation of BAT may be an attractive approach for the treatment of muscle weakness by correcting metabolic deficits. Therefore, exploring BAT as a potential treatment for sarcopenia could be a promising avenue for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qian Hu
- Health Management Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Changyi Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- *Correspondence: Changyi Wang, ; Tiantian Wang,
| | - Tiantian Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- *Correspondence: Changyi Wang, ; Tiantian Wang,
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Codella R, Alves TC, Befroy DE, Choi CS, Luzi L, Rothman DL, Kibbey RG, Shulman GI. Overexpression of UCP3 decreases mitochondrial efficiency in mouse skeletal muscle in vivo. FEBS Lett 2023; 597:309-319. [PMID: 36114012 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Uncoupling protein-3 (UCP3) is a mitochondrial transmembrane protein highly expressed in the muscle that has been implicated in regulating the efficiency of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Increasing UCP3 expression in skeletal muscle enhances proton leak across the inner mitochondrial membrane and increases oxygen consumption in isolated mitochondria, but its precise function in vivo has yet to be fully elucidated. To examine whether muscle-specific overexpression of UCP3 modulates muscle mitochondrial oxidation in vivo, rates of ATP synthesis were assessed by 31 P magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), and rates of mitochondrial oxidative metabolism were measured by assessing the rate of [2-13 C]acetate incorporation into muscle [4-13 C]-, [3-13 C]-glutamate, and [4-13 C]-glutamine by high-resolution 13 C/1 H MRS. Using this approach, we found that the overexpression of UCP3 in skeletal muscle was accompanied by increased muscle mitochondrial inefficiency in vivo as reflected by a 42% reduction in the ratio of ATP synthesis to mitochondrial oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Codella
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy.,Department of Endocrinology, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Tiago C Alves
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Douglas E Befroy
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Cheol Soo Choi
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Livio Luzi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy.,Department of Endocrinology, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Douglas L Rothman
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Richard G Kibbey
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Gerald I Shulman
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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11
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Gentile A, Magnacca N, de Matteis R, Moreno M, Cioffi F, Giacco A, Lanni A, de Lange P, Senese R, Goglia F, Silvestri E, Lombardi A. Ablation of uncoupling protein 3 affects interrelated factors leading to lipolysis and insulin resistance in visceral white adipose tissue. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22325. [PMID: 35452152 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101816rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The physiological role played by uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3) in white adipose tissue (WAT) has not been elucidated so far. In the present study, we evaluated the impact of the absence of the whole body UCP3 on WAT physiology in terms of ability to store triglycerides, oxidative capacity, response to insulin, inflammation, and adipokine production. Wild type (WT) and UCP3 Knockout (KO) mice housed at thermoneutrality (30°C) have been used as the animal model. Visceral gonadic WAT (gWAT) from KO mice showed an impaired capacity to store triglycerides (TG) as indicated by its lowered weight, reduced adipocyte diameter, and higher glycerol release (index of lipolysis). The absence of UCP3 reduces the maximal oxidative capacity of gWAT, increases mitochondrial free radicals, and activates ER stress. These processes are associated with increased levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and TNF-α. The response of gWAT to in vivo insulin administration, revealed by (ser473)-AKT phosphorylation, was blunted in KO mice, with a putative role played by eif2a, JNK, and inflammation. Variations in adipokine levels in the absence of UCP3 were observed, including reduced adiponectin levels both in gWAT and serum. As a whole, these data indicate an important role of UCP3 in regulating the metabolic functionality of gWAT, with its absence leading to metabolic derangement. The obtained results help to clarify some aspects of the association between metabolic disorders and low UCP3 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nunzia Magnacca
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Rita de Matteis
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Maria Moreno
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Federica Cioffi
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Antonia Giacco
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Antonia Lanni
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Caserta, Italy
| | - Pieter de Lange
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Caserta, Italy
| | - Rosalba Senese
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Caserta, Italy
| | - Fernando Goglia
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Elena Silvestri
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Assunta Lombardi
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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12
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Yokota‐Nakagi N, Omoto S, Tazumi S, Kawakami M, Takamata A, Morimoto K. Estradiol replacement improves high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance in ovariectomized rats. Physiol Rep 2022; 10:e15193. [PMID: 35238495 PMCID: PMC8892597 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of 17β-estradiol (E2) in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced alteration of the protein kinase B (Akt) signaling pathway in ovariectomized (OVX) rats is unclear. Therefore, we examined whether chronic estrogen replacement restores HFD-induced impairment in insulin sensitivity by its effects concomitant with alterations in the Akt isoform 2 (Akt2) and Akt substrate of 160 kDa (AS160) phosphorylation in muscles of OVX rats. Nine-week-old female Wistar rats underwent ovariectomy under anesthesia; after 4 weeks, subcutaneous implantation of either E2 or placebo (PL) pellets was performed, and HFD feeding was initiated. Intravenous glucose tolerance tests were performed to assess insulin sensitivity. Following insulin injection into rats' portal vein, the liver and gastrocnemius muscle were dissected for insulin signaling analysis. We observed that HFD increased energy intake and body weight in the PL group; however, it was temporarily decreased in the E2 group. Adipose tissue accumulation was larger in HFD-fed rats than in normal chow diet (NCD)-fed rats in the PL group; however, this difference was not observed in the E2 group. HFD reduced insulin sensitivity in the PL group only. In vivo insulin stimulation increased Akt2 phosphorylation in the muscles of NCD-fed rats in both groups. In contrast, HFD affected insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of Akt2 and AS160 in the muscles of rats in the PL group but not in the E2 group. Our data suggest that E2 replacement improves HFD-induced insulin resistance, and this effect is accompanied by the alterations in the Akt2 and AS160 phosphorylation in insulin-stimulated muscles of OVX rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Yokota‐Nakagi
- Department of Environmental HealthFaculty of Human Life and EnvironmentNara Women’s UniversityNaraJapan
- Department of Health and NutritionFaculty of Health ScienceKyoto Koka Women’s UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Sayo Omoto
- Department of Environmental HealthFaculty of Human Life and EnvironmentNara Women’s UniversityNaraJapan
| | - Shoko Tazumi
- Department of Environmental HealthFaculty of Human Life and EnvironmentNara Women’s UniversityNaraJapan
| | - Mizuho Kawakami
- Department of Environmental HealthFaculty of Human Life and EnvironmentNara Women’s UniversityNaraJapan
| | - Akira Takamata
- Department of Environmental HealthFaculty of Human Life and EnvironmentNara Women’s UniversityNaraJapan
| | - Keiko Morimoto
- Department of Environmental HealthFaculty of Human Life and EnvironmentNara Women’s UniversityNaraJapan
- Department of Health and NutritionFaculty of Health ScienceKyoto Koka Women’s UniversityKyotoJapan
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13
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Lee SH, Park SY, Choi CS. Insulin Resistance: From Mechanisms to Therapeutic Strategies. Diabetes Metab J 2022; 46:15-37. [PMID: 34965646 PMCID: PMC8831809 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2021.0280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 93.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance is the pivotal pathogenic component of many metabolic diseases, including type 2 diabetes mellitus, and is defined as a state of reduced responsiveness of insulin-targeting tissues to physiological levels of insulin. Although the underlying mechanism of insulin resistance is not fully understood, several credible theories have been proposed. In this review, we summarize the functions of insulin in glucose metabolism in typical metabolic tissues and describe the mechanisms proposed to underlie insulin resistance, that is, ectopic lipid accumulation in liver and skeletal muscle, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and inflammation. In addition, we suggest potential therapeutic strategies for addressing insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Hae Lee
- Korea Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center (KMMPC), Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Shi-Young Park
- Korea Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center (KMMPC), Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Cheol Soo Choi
- Korea Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center (KMMPC), Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Korea
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
- Corresponding author: Cheol Soo Choi https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9627-058X Division of Molecular Medicine, Gachon University College of Medicine, 21 Namdongdaero 774beon-gil, Namdong-gu, Incheon 21565, Korea E-mail:
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14
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Mitochondrial Uncoupling Proteins (UCPs) as Key Modulators of ROS Homeostasis: A Crosstalk between Diabesity and Male Infertility? Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10111746. [PMID: 34829617 PMCID: PMC8614977 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10111746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Uncoupling proteins (UCPs) are transmembrane proteins members of the mitochondrial anion transporter family present in the mitochondrial inner membrane. Currently, six homologs have been identified (UCP1-6) in mammals, with ubiquitous tissue distribution and multiple physiological functions. UCPs are regulators of key events for cellular bioenergetic metabolism, such as membrane potential, metabolic efficiency, and energy dissipation also functioning as pivotal modulators of ROS production and general cellular redox state. UCPs can act as proton channels, leading to proton re-entry the mitochondrial matrix from the intermembrane space and thus collapsing the proton gradient and decreasing the membrane potential. Each homolog exhibits its specific functions, from thermogenesis to regulation of ROS production. The expression and function of UCPs are intimately linked to diabesity, with their dysregulation/dysfunction not only associated to diabesity onset, but also by exacerbating oxidative stress-related damage. Male infertility is one of the most overlooked diabesity-related comorbidities, where high oxidative stress takes a major role. In this review, we discuss in detail the expression and function of the different UCP homologs. In addition, the role of UCPs as key regulators of ROS production and redox homeostasis, as well as their influence on the pathophysiology of diabesity and potential role on diabesity-induced male infertility is debated.
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15
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Zang L, Shimada Y, Nakayama H, Matsuoka I, Kim Y, Chu DC, Juneja LR, Tsuruta R, Sasakawa Y, Kuroyanagi J, Nishimura N. Globin Digest Improves Visceral Adiposity Through UCP1 Upregulation in Diet-Induced Obese Zebrafish and Mice. Front Nutr 2021; 8:650975. [PMID: 34646848 PMCID: PMC8502801 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.650975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Globin digest (GD), a bioactive oligopeptide derived from porcine hemoglobin proteins, has been demonstrated to have beneficial effects on improving postprandial hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, and liver injury. We previously reported the lipid-lowering effects of GD using a zebrafish obesogenic test. Here, we sought to evaluate the effect of GD on visceral adiposity and the underlying molecular mechanisms using zebrafish and mouse obesity models. GD ameliorated dyslipidemia and suppressed the accumulation of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) in adult obese zebrafish. Transcriptomic analysis by RNA sequencing of GD-treated adult zebrafish revealed that GD upregulated UCP1-related pathways. Further, we performed mouse experiments and found that GD intake (2 mg/g body weight/day) was associated with lowered plasma triglyceride and total cholesterol levels, decreased VAT accumulation, and improved adipocyte hypertrophy with the upregulation of Ucp1 expression in white adipose tissue at both the mRNA and protein levels. Taken together, these results indicate that GD improves visceral adiposity by upregulating UCP1 expression, providing a novel perspective on combating obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqing Zang
- Graduate School of Regional Innovation Studies, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
- Mie University Zebrafish Drug Screening Center, Tsu, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Shimada
- Mie University Zebrafish Drug Screening Center, Tsu, Japan
- Department of Integrative Pharmacology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
- Department of Bioinformatics, Mie University Advanced Science Research Promotion Center, Tsu, Japan
| | - Hiroko Nakayama
- Graduate School of Regional Innovation Studies, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
- Mie University Zebrafish Drug Screening Center, Tsu, Japan
| | - Izumi Matsuoka
- Graduate School of Regional Innovation Studies, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
| | - Youngil Kim
- Rohto Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Lekh Raj Juneja
- Rohto Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
- MG Pharma Inc., Osaka, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Norihiro Nishimura
- Graduate School of Regional Innovation Studies, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
- Mie University Zebrafish Drug Screening Center, Tsu, Japan
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16
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Experimental models of lipid overload and their relevance in understanding skeletal muscle insulin resistance and pathological changes in mitochondrial oxidative capacity. Biochimie 2021; 196:182-193. [PMID: 34563603 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2021.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
It remains essential to decipher some of the pathological mechanisms that link obesity with deteriorating human health. Insulin resistance, due to enhanced free fatty acid substrate delivery, results in disrupted glucose homeostasis and altered mitochondrial oxidative capacity, which is a characteristic feature of an obese state. In fact, as a major site for regulating glucose homeostasis and energy production in response to insulin, the skeletal muscle has become an interesting target tissue to understand the impact of lipid overload on the development of insulin resistance and impaired mitochondrial respiratory function. In addition to systematically retrieving the discussed data, the current review brings an essential perspective in understanding the relevance of experimental models of lipid overload such as high fat diets in understanding the pathological link between insulin resistance and pathological changes in mitochondrial oxidative capacity. Importantly, inclusion of evidence from transgenic model highlights some of the unique molecular targets that are implicated in the development of insulin resistance and inefficient mitochondrial respiration processes within an obese state. Importantly, saturation with lipid products such as ceramides and diacylglycerols, especially within the skeletal muscle, appears to be instrumental in paving the path leading to worsening of metabolic complications. These metabolic consequences mostly interfere with the efficiency of the mitochondrial electron transport chain, leading to overproduction of toxic reactive oxygen species. Therefore, therapeutic agents that reverse the effects of lipid overload by improving insulin sensitivity and mitochondrial oxidative capacity are crucial for the management or even treatment of metabolic diseases.
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17
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Ding LN, Cheng Y, Xu LY, Zhou LQ, Guan L, Liu HM, Zhang YX, Li RM, Xu JW. The β3 Adrenergic Receptor Agonist CL316243 Ameliorates the Metabolic Abnormalities of High-Fat Diet-Fed Rats by Activating AMPK/PGC-1α Signaling in Skeletal Muscle. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2021; 14:1233-1241. [PMID: 33776460 PMCID: PMC7987271 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s297351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Skeletal muscle has a major influence on whole-body metabolic homeostasis. In the present study, we aimed to determine the metabolic effects of the β3 adrenergic receptor agonist CL316243 (CL) in the skeletal muscle of high-fat diet-fed rats. METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly allocated to three groups, which were fed a control diet (C) or a high-fat diet (HF), and half of the latter were administered 1 mg/kg CL by gavage once weekly (HF+CL), for 12 weeks. At the end of this period, the serum lipid profile and glucose tolerance of the rats were evaluated. In addition, the phosphorylation and protein and mRNA expression of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator (PGC)-1α, and carnitine palmitoyl transferase (CPT)-1b in skeletal muscle were measured by Western blot analysis and qPCR. The direct effects of CL on the phosphorylation (p-) and expression of AMPK, PGC-1α, and CPT-1b were also evaluated by Western blotting and immunofluorescence in L6 myotubes. RESULTS CL administration ameliorated the abnormal lipid profile and glucose tolerance of the high-fat diet-fed rats. In addition, the expression of p-AMPK, PGC-1α, and CPT-1b in the soleus muscle was significantly increased by CL. CL (1 µM) also increased the protein expression of p-AMPK, PGC-1α, and CPT-1b in L6 myotubes. However, the effect of CL on PGC-1α protein expression was blocked by the AMPK antagonist compound C, which suggests that CL increases PGC-1α protein expression via AMPK. CONCLUSION Activation of the β3 adrenergic receptor in skeletal muscle ameliorates the metabolic abnormalities of high-fat diet-fed rats, at least in part via activation of the AMPK/PGC-1α pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Na Ding
- The Research Center of Basic Integrative Medicine, Basic Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, University Town, Guangzhou, 510006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ya Cheng
- The Research Center of Basic Integrative Medicine, Basic Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, University Town, Guangzhou, 510006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lu-Yao Xu
- The Research Center of Basic Integrative Medicine, Basic Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, University Town, Guangzhou, 510006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Le-Quan Zhou
- The Research Center of Basic Integrative Medicine, Basic Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, University Town, Guangzhou, 510006, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, University Town, Guangzhou, 510006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Guan
- The Research Center of Basic Integrative Medicine, Basic Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, University Town, Guangzhou, 510006, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, University Town, Guangzhou, 510006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hai-Mei Liu
- The Research Center of Basic Integrative Medicine, Basic Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, University Town, Guangzhou, 510006, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, University Town, Guangzhou, 510006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ya-Xing Zhang
- The Research Center of Basic Integrative Medicine, Basic Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, University Town, Guangzhou, 510006, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, University Town, Guangzhou, 510006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Run-Mei Li
- The Research Center of Basic Integrative Medicine, Basic Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, University Town, Guangzhou, 510006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jin-Wen Xu
- The Research Center of Basic Integrative Medicine, Basic Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, University Town, Guangzhou, 510006, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, University Town, Guangzhou, 510006, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Jin-Wen Xu Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, University Town, Waihuan East Road 232, Guangzhou, 510006, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86-20-39358028Fax +86-20-39358020 Email
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18
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Hevener AL, Ribas V, Moore TM, Zhou Z. ERα in the Control of Mitochondrial Function and Metabolic Health. Trends Mol Med 2021; 27:31-46. [PMID: 33020031 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2020.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Decrements in metabolic health elevate disease risk, including type 2 diabetes, heart disease, and certain cancers. Thus, treatment strategies to combat metabolic dysfunction are needed. Reduced ESR1 (estrogen receptor, ERα) expression is observed in muscle from women, men, and animals presenting clinical features of the metabolic syndrome. Human studies of natural expression of ESR1 in metabolic tissues show that muscle expression of ESR1 is positively correlated with markers of metabolic health, including insulin sensitivity. Herein, we highlight the important impact of ERα on mitochondrial form and function and present how these actions of the receptor govern metabolic homeostasis. Studies identifying ERα-regulated pathways for disease prevention will lay the foundation for the design of novel therapeutics to improve the health of women while limiting secondary complications that have plagued traditional hormone replacement interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea L Hevener
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Iris Cantor-UCLA Women's Health Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Vicent Ribas
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Timothy M Moore
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Zhenqi Zhou
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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19
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Bornstein R, Gonzalez B, Johnson SC. Mitochondrial pathways in human health and aging. Mitochondrion 2020; 54:72-84. [PMID: 32738358 PMCID: PMC7508824 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2020.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are eukaryotic organelles known best for their roles in energy production and metabolism. While often thought of as simply the 'powerhouse of the cell,' these organelles participate in a variety of critical cellular processes including reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, regulation of programmed cell death, modulation of inter- and intracellular nutrient signaling pathways, and maintenance of cellular proteostasis. Disrupted mitochondrial function is a hallmark of eukaryotic aging, and mitochondrial dysfunction has been reported to play a role in many aging-related diseases. While mitochondria are major players in human diseases, significant questions remain regarding their precise mechanistic role. In this review, we detail mechanisms by which mitochondrial dysfunction participate in disease and aging based on findings from model organisms and human genetics studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brenda Gonzalez
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Simon C Johnson
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA.
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20
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Yoshie T, Saito C, Kawano F. Early high-fat feeding improves histone modifications of skeletal muscle at middle-age in mice. Lab Anim Res 2020; 36:25. [PMID: 32793459 PMCID: PMC7414670 DOI: 10.1186/s42826-020-00060-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to investigate how the effects of high-fat diet feeding on the skeletal muscle persisted during aging using mice. Post-weaned male mice were fed a high-fat diet between 1- and 3-mo-old followed by return to supply a normal diet until 13-mo-old. Monthly physical tests demonstrated that age-related glucose intolerance that was generally developed after 10-mo-old in the control mice was significantly improved in mice fed a high-fat diet. Interestingly, mRNA expressions of Pdk4, Ucp3, and Zmynd17 were up-regulated by high-fat feeding and persisted in the tibialis anterior muscle until 13-mo-old. At Pdk4 and Ucp3 loci, enhanced distributions of active histone modifications were noted in the high-fat-fed mice at 13-mo-old. In contrast, age-related accumulation of histone variant H3.3 at these loci was suppressed. These results indicated that epigenetic modifications caused by early nutrition mediated the changes in skeletal muscle gene expression during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiro Yoshie
- Department of Sports and Health Science, Faculty of Human Health and Science, Matsumoto University, 2095-1 Niimura, Matsumoto City, Nagano 390-1295 Japan
| | - Chiharu Saito
- Department of Sports and Health Science, Faculty of Human Health and Science, Matsumoto University, 2095-1 Niimura, Matsumoto City, Nagano 390-1295 Japan
| | - Fuminori Kawano
- Department of Sports and Health Science, Faculty of Human Health and Science, Matsumoto University, 2095-1 Niimura, Matsumoto City, Nagano 390-1295 Japan.,Graduate School of Health Sciences, Matsumoto University, 2095-1 Niimura, Matsumoto City, Nagano 390-1295 Japan
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21
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Diaz-Vegas A, Sanchez-Aguilera P, Krycer JR, Morales PE, Monsalves-Alvarez M, Cifuentes M, Rothermel BA, Lavandero S. Is Mitochondrial Dysfunction a Common Root of Noncommunicable Chronic Diseases? Endocr Rev 2020; 41:5807952. [PMID: 32179913 PMCID: PMC7255501 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnaa005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial damage is implicated as a major contributing factor for a number of noncommunicable chronic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer, obesity, and insulin resistance/type 2 diabetes. Here, we discuss the role of mitochondria in maintaining cellular and whole-organism homeostasis, the mechanisms that promote mitochondrial dysfunction, and the role of this phenomenon in noncommunicable chronic diseases. We also review the state of the art regarding the preclinical evidence associated with the regulation of mitochondrial function and the development of current mitochondria-targeted therapeutics to treat noncommunicable chronic diseases. Finally, we give an integrated vision of how mitochondrial damage is implicated in these metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Diaz-Vegas
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Pablo Sanchez-Aguilera
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - James R Krycer
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Pablo E Morales
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Matías Monsalves-Alvarez
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mariana Cifuentes
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Center for Studies of Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Beverly A Rothermel
- Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology Division), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Sergio Lavandero
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology Division), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,Center for Studies of Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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22
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Coccurello R, Volonté C. P2X7 Receptor in the Management of Energy Homeostasis: Implications for Obesity, Dyslipidemia, and Insulin Resistance. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:199. [PMID: 32528404 PMCID: PMC7247848 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Whole-body energy metabolism entails the highly regulated balance between food intake, nutrient breakdown, energy generation (ATP), and energy storage for the preservation of vital functions and body mass. Purinergic signaling has attracted increasing attention in the regulatory mechanisms not only for the reverse processes of white adipose tissue lipogenesis and lipolysis, but also for brown adipocyte-dependent thermogenesis and leptin production. This regulatory role has remarkable implications in the handling of body's energy expenditure and energy reservoir. Hence, selected purinergic receptors can play a relevant function in lipid metabolism, endocrine activity, glucose uptake, ATP-dependent increased expression of uncoupling protein 1, and browning of adipose tissue. Indeed, purinergic P2 receptors regulate adipogenesis and lipid metabolism and are involved in adipogenic differentiation. In particular, the ionotropic ATP-activated P2X7 subtype is involved in fat distribution, as well as in the modulation of inflammatory pathways in white adipose tissue. Within this context, very recent evidence has established a direct function of P2X7 in energy metabolism. Specifically, either genetic deletion (P2X7 knockout mice) or subchronic pharmacological inhibition of the receptor produces a decrease of whole-body energy expenditure and, concurrently, an increase of carbohydrate oxidation. As further evidence, lipid accumulation, increased fat mass distribution, and weight gain are reported in P2X7-depleted mice. Conversely, the stimulation of P2X7 enhances energy expenditure. Altogether, this knowledge supports the role of P2X7 signaling in the fight against obesity and insulin resistance, as well as in the promotion of adaptive thermogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Coccurello
- Institute for Complex System (ISC), National Research Council (CNR), Rome, Italy
- Preclinical Neuroscience, European Center for Brain Research (CERC)/IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Cinzia Volonté
- Preclinical Neuroscience, European Center for Brain Research (CERC)/IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
- Institute for Systems Analysis and Computer Science, National Research Council (CNR), Rome, Italy
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23
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Hevener AL, Ribas V, Moore TM, Zhou Z. The Impact of Skeletal Muscle ERα on Mitochondrial Function and Metabolic Health. Endocrinology 2020; 161:5735479. [PMID: 32053721 PMCID: PMC7017798 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqz017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of chronic disease is elevated in women after menopause. Increased expression of ESR1 (the gene that encodes the estrogen receptor alpha, ERα) in muscle is highly associated with metabolic health and insulin sensitivity. Moreover, reduced muscle expression levels of ESR1 are observed in women, men, and animals presenting clinical features of the metabolic syndrome (MetSyn). Considering that metabolic dysfunction elevates chronic disease risk, including type 2 diabetes, heart disease, and certain cancers, treatment strategies to combat metabolic dysfunction and associated pathologies are desperately needed. This review will provide published work supporting a critical and protective role for skeletal muscle ERα in the regulation of mitochondrial function, metabolic homeostasis, and insulin action. We will provide evidence that muscle-selective targeting of ERα may be effective for the preservation of mitochondrial and metabolic health. Collectively published findings support a compelling role for ERα in the control of muscle metabolism via its regulation of mitochondrial function and quality control. Studies identifying ERα-regulated pathways essential for disease prevention will lay the important foundation for the design of novel therapeutics to improve metabolic health of women while limiting secondary complications that have historically plagued traditional hormone replacement interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea L Hevener
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, University of California, Los Angeles, California
- Iris Cantor-UCLA Women’s Health Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, California
- Correspondence: Andrea L. Hevener, PhD, University of California, Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, 650 Charles E. Young Drive, CHS Suite 34-115B, Los Angeles, California 90095–7073. E-mail:
| | - Vicent Ribas
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, University of California, Los Angeles, California
- Current Affiliation: Vicent Ribas, Department of cell death and proliferation Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Barcelona, (IIBB-CSIC) Spanish National Research Council C/Rosselló 179, 6th floor 08036, Barcelona Spain
| | - Timothy M Moore
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Zhenqi Zhou
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, University of California, Los Angeles, California
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24
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Rached MT, Millership SJ, Pedroni SMA, Choudhury AI, Costa ASH, Hardy DG, Glegola JA, Irvine EE, Selman C, Woodberry MC, Yadav VK, Khadayate S, Vidal-Puig A, Virtue S, Frezza C, Withers DJ. Deletion of myeloid IRS2 enhances adipose tissue sympathetic nerve function and limits obesity. Mol Metab 2019; 20:38-50. [PMID: 30553769 PMCID: PMC6358539 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2018.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sympathetic nervous system and immune cell interactions play key roles in the regulation of metabolism. For example, recent convergent studies have shown that macrophages regulate obesity through brown adipose tissue (BAT) activation and beiging of white adipose tissue (WAT) via effects upon local catecholamine availability. However, these studies have raised issues about the underlying mechanisms involved including questions regarding the production of catecholamines by macrophages, the role of macrophage polarization state and the underlying intracellular signaling pathways in macrophages that might mediate these effects. METHODS To address such issues we generated mice lacking Irs2, which mediates the effects of insulin and interleukin 4, specifically in LyzM expressing cells (Irs2LyzM-/- mice). RESULTS These animals displayed obesity resistance and preservation of glucose homeostasis on high fat diet feeding due to increased energy expenditure via enhanced BAT activity and WAT beiging. Macrophages per se did not produce catecholamines but Irs2LyzM-/- mice displayed increased sympathetic nerve density and catecholamine availability in adipose tissue. Irs2-deficient macrophages displayed an anti-inflammatory transcriptional profile and alterations in genes involved in scavenging catecholamines and supporting increased sympathetic innervation. CONCLUSIONS Our studies identify a critical macrophage signaling pathway involved in the regulation of adipose tissue sympathetic nerve function that, in turn, mediates key neuroimmune effects upon systemic metabolism. The insights gained may open therapeutic opportunities for the treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Therese Rached
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK; Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Steven J Millership
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK; Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Silvia M A Pedroni
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK; Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | | | - Ana S H Costa
- MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Box 197, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - Darran G Hardy
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK; Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Justyna A Glegola
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Elaine E Irvine
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Colin Selman
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Megan C Woodberry
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Vijay K Yadav
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK; Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University, New York, 10032, USA
| | - Sanjay Khadayate
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Antonio Vidal-Puig
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK; University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Samuel Virtue
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Christian Frezza
- MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Box 197, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - Dominic J Withers
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK; Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK.
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25
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Lee Y, Kwon EY, Choi MS. Dietary Isoliquiritigenin at a Low Dose Ameliorates Insulin Resistance and NAFLD in Diet-Induced Obesity in C57BL/6J Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19103281. [PMID: 30360437 PMCID: PMC6214092 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Isoliquiritigenin (ILG) is a flavonoid constituent of Glycyrrhizae plants. The current study investigated the effects of ILG on diet-induced obesity and metabolic diseases. C57BL/6J mice were fed a normal diet (AIN-76 purified diet), high-fat diet (40 kcal% fat), and high-fat diet +0.02% (w/w) ILG for 16 weeks. Supplementation of ILG resulted in decreased body fat mass and plasma cholesterol level. ILG ameliorated hepatic steatosis by suppressing the expression of hepatic lipogenesis genes and hepatic triglyceride and fatty acid contents, while enhancing β-oxidation in the liver. ILG improved insulin resistance by lowering plasma glucose and insulin levels. This was also demonstrated by the intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT). Additionally, ILG upregulated the expression of insulin signaling-related genes in the liver and muscle. Interestingly, ILG elevated energy expenditure by increasing the expression of thermogenesis genes, which is linked to stimulated mitochondrial biogenesis and uncoupled cellular respiration in brown adipose tissue. ILG also suppressed proinflammatory cytokine levels in the plasma. These results suggest that ILG supplemented at 0.02% in the diet can ameliorate body fat mass, plasma cholesterol, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and insulin resistance; these effects were partly mediated by increasing energy expenditure in high-fat fed mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngmi Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kyungpook National University, 1370 San-Kyuk Dong Puk-Ku, Daegu 41566, Korea.
| | - Eun-Young Kwon
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kyungpook National University, 1370 San-Kyuk Dong Puk-Ku, Daegu 41566, Korea.
- Center for Food and Nutritional Genomics Research, Kyungpook National University, 1370 San-Kyuk Dong Puk-Ku, Daegu 41566, Korea.
| | - Myung-Sook Choi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kyungpook National University, 1370 San-Kyuk Dong Puk-Ku, Daegu 41566, Korea.
- Center for Food and Nutritional Genomics Research, Kyungpook National University, 1370 San-Kyuk Dong Puk-Ku, Daegu 41566, Korea.
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26
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Hevener AL, Zhou Z, Moore TM, Drew BG, Ribas V. The impact of ERα action on muscle metabolism and insulin sensitivity - Strong enough for a man, made for a woman. Mol Metab 2018; 15:20-34. [PMID: 30005878 PMCID: PMC6066787 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2018.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The incidence of chronic disease is elevated in women after menopause. Natural variation in muscle expression of the estrogen receptor (ER)α is inversely associated with plasma insulin and adiposity. Moreover, reduced muscle ERα expression levels are observed in women and animals presenting clinical features of the metabolic syndrome (MetSyn). Considering that metabolic dysfunction impacts nearly a quarter of the U.S. adult population and elevates chronic disease risk including type 2 diabetes, heart disease, and certain cancers, treatment strategies to combat metabolic dysfunction and associated pathologies are desperately needed. Scope of the review This review will provide evidence supporting a critical and protective role for skeletal muscle ERα in the regulation of metabolic homeostasis and insulin sensitivity, and propose novel ERα targets involved in the maintenance of metabolic health. Major conclusions Studies identifying ERα-regulated pathways essential for disease prevention will lay the important foundation for the rational design of novel therapeutics to improve the metabolic health of women while limiting secondary complications that have plagued traditional hormone replacement interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea L Hevener
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Zhenqi Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Timothy M Moore
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Brian G Drew
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Vicent Ribas
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
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27
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Bakshi I, Suryana E, Small L, Quek LE, Brandon AE, Turner N, Cooney GJ. Fructose bisphosphatase 2 overexpression increases glucose uptake in skeletal muscle. J Endocrinol 2018; 237:101-111. [PMID: 29507044 DOI: 10.1530/joe-17-0555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is a major tissue for glucose metabolism and can store glucose as glycogen, convert glucose to lactate via glycolysis and fully oxidise glucose to CO2 Muscle has a limited capacity for gluconeogenesis but can convert lactate and alanine to glycogen. Gluconeogenesis requires FBP2, a muscle-specific form of fructose bisphosphatase that converts fructose-1,6-bisphosphate (F-1,6-bisP) to fructose-6-phosphate (F-6-P) opposing the activity of the ATP-consuming enzyme phosphofructokinase (PFK). In mammalian muscle, the activity of PFK is normally 100 times higher than FBP2 and therefore energy wasting cycling between PFK and FBP2 is low. In an attempt to increase substrate cycling between F-6-P and F-1,6-bisP and alter glucose metabolism, we overexpressed FBP2 using a muscle-specific adeno-associated virus (AAV-tMCK-FBP2). AAV was injected into the right tibialis muscle of rats, while the control contralateral left tibialis received a saline injection. Rats were fed a chow or 45% fat diet (HFD) for 5 weeks after which, hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamps were performed. Infection of the right tibialis with AAV-tMCK-FBP2 increased FBP2 activity 10 fold on average in chow and HFD rats (P < 0.0001). Overexpression of FBP2 significantly increased insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in tibialis of chow animals (control 14.3 ± 1.7; FBP2 17.6 ± 1.6 µmol/min/100 g) and HFD animals (control 9.6 ± 1.1; FBP2 11.2 ± 1.1µmol/min/100 g). The results suggest that increasing the capacity for cycling between F-1,6-bisP and F-6-P can increase the metabolism of glucose by introducing a futile cycle in muscle, but this increase is not sufficient to overcome muscle insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishita Bakshi
- Diabetes and Metabolism DivisionGarvan Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Eurwin Suryana
- Diabetes and Metabolism DivisionGarvan Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lewin Small
- Diabetes and Metabolism DivisionGarvan Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lake-Ee Quek
- School of Mathematics and StatisticsUniversity of Sydney, Charles Perkins Centre, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Amanda E Brandon
- Diabetes and Metabolism DivisionGarvan Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Medical SchoolCharles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nigel Turner
- Department of PharmacologySchool of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Gregory J Cooney
- Diabetes and Metabolism DivisionGarvan Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Medical SchoolCharles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are known to contribute to many metabolic diseases, including diabetes. In this study, we investigated the role of miR199a-5p in the regulation of hepatic insulin sensitivity. Ad-anti-miR199a-5p adenoviruses were injected into male C57BL/6J WT mice fed a high-fat diet to inhibit miR199a-5p expression before the glucose levels and insulin resistance were assessed. Similarly, Ad-miR199a-5p adenoviruses were injected into male C57BL/6J WT mice to cause the overexpression of miR199a-5p. To investigate the roles of autophagy-related protein 14 (ATG14) and miR199a-5p in the regulation of insulin sensitivity, we injected Ad-miR199a-5p with or without Ad-ATG14 viruses into WT C57BL/6J mice before performing functional assays. Moreover, we infected HepG2 cells or primary hepatocytes with Ad-anti-miR199a-5p or Ad-miR199a-5p viruses to determine the effect of miR199a-5p on insulin resistance in vitro. Finally, we explored the clinical relevance of miR199a-5p by examining the expression level of miR199a-5p in liver samples derived from diabetes patients. We first demonstrated that knocking down miR199a-5p led to decreased glucose tolerance and clearance in vivo, whereas the overexpression of miR199a-5p had the opposite effect. We further identified ATG14 as the target of miR199a-5p, and ATG14 partially rescued miR199a-5p-potentiated glucose and insulin tolerance. In addition, transmission electron microscopy data and western blot data regarding ATG14, LC3 and BECLIN1 illustrated that miR199a-5p regulates autophagy via ATG14. Knocking down miR199a-5p in primary hepatocytes and HepG2 cells suppressed the insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of insulin receptor β, glycogen synthase kinase 3β and protein kinase B, whereas the overexpression of miR199a-5p further potentiated their phosphorylation. Finally, we detected upregulated miR199a-5p levels, which were correlated with reduced ATG14 mRNA levels and downregulated autophagy in liver samples obtained from diabetes patients. Our study uncovered a novel biological role of miR199a-5p in the regulation of hepatic insulin sensitivity via ATG14-mediated autophagy.
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Murata K, Morino K, Ida S, Ohashi N, Lemecha M, Park SY, Ishikado A, Kume S, Choi CS, Sekine O, Ugi S, Maegawa H. Lack of O-GlcNAcylation enhances exercise-dependent glucose utilization potentially through AMP-activated protein kinase activation in skeletal muscle. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 495:2098-2104. [PMID: 29253568 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.12.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
O-GlcNAcylation is a post-translational modification that is characterized by the addition of N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) to proteins by O-GlcNAc transferase (Ogt). The degree of O-GlcNAcylation is thought to be associated with glucotoxicity and diabetic complications, because GlcNAc is produced by a branch of the glycolytic pathway. However, its role in skeletal muscle has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we created skeletal muscle-specific Ogt knockout (Ogt-MKO) mice and analyzed their glucose metabolism. During an intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test, blood glucose was slightly lower in Ogt-MKO mice than in control Ogt-flox mice. High fat diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance were reversed in Ogt-MKO mice. In addition, 12-month-old Ogt-MKO mice had lower adipose and body mass. A single bout of exercise significantly reduced blood glucose in Ogt-MKO mice, probably because of higher AMP-activated protein kinase α (AMPKα) protein expression. Furthermore, intraperitoneal injection of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide, an AMPK activator, resulted in a more marked decrease in blood glucose levels in Ogt-MKO mice than in controls. Finally, Ogt knockdown by siRNA in C2C12 myotubes significantly increased protein expression of AMPKα, glucose uptake and oxidation. In conclusion, loss of O-GlcNAcylation facilitates glucose utilization in skeletal muscle, potentially through AMPK activation. The inhibition of O-GlcNAcylation in skeletal muscle may have an anti-diabetic effect, through an enhancement of glucose utilization during exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichiro Murata
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2192, Japan
| | - Katsutaro Morino
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2192, Japan.
| | - Shogo Ida
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2192, Japan
| | - Natsuko Ohashi
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2192, Japan
| | - Mengistu Lemecha
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2192, Japan
| | - Shi-Young Park
- Korea Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, 7-45, Songdodong, Yeonsugu, Incheon, 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Atsushi Ishikado
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2192, Japan; R&D Department, Sunstar Inc., 3-1, Asahimachi, Takatsuki, Osaka, 569-1195, Japan
| | - Shinji Kume
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2192, Japan
| | - Cheol Soo Choi
- Korea Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, 7-45, Songdodong, Yeonsugu, Incheon, 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Osamu Sekine
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2192, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ugi
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2192, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Maegawa
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2192, Japan
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Mechanism by which arylamine N-acetyltransferase 1 ablation causes insulin resistance in mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E11285-E11292. [PMID: 29237750 PMCID: PMC5748223 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1716990115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance in liver and skeletal muscle are major factors in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes; however, the molecular mechanism or mechanisms responsible for this phenomenon have not been established. Recently, an association of a single-nucleotide polymorphism in the human N-acetyltransferase 2 (Nat2) gene with insulin resistance in humans was found. Here, we show that the murine ortholog Nat1 knockout (KO) mice manifested whole-body insulin resistance associated with marked increases in liver and muscle lipid content. Nat1 KO mice also displayed reduced whole-body energy expenditure and reduced mitochondrial activity. Taken together, these studies demonstrate that Nat1 deletion promotes reduced mitochondrial activity and is associated with ectopic lipid-induced liver and muscle insulin resistance. A single-nucleotide polymorphism in the human arylamine N-acetyltransferase 2 (Nat2) gene has recently been identified as associated with insulin resistance in humans. To understand the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which alterations in Nat2 activity might cause insulin resistance, we examined murine ortholog Nat1 knockout (KO) mice. Nat1 KO mice manifested whole-body insulin resistance, which could be attributed to reduced muscle, liver, and adipose tissue insulin sensitivity. Hepatic and muscle insulin resistance were associated with marked increases in both liver and muscle triglyceride (TAG) and diacylglycerol (DAG) content, which was associated with increased PKCε activation in liver and increased PKCθ activation in skeletal muscle. Nat1 KO mice also displayed reduced whole-body energy expenditure and reduced mitochondrial oxygen consumption in white adipose tissue, brown adipose tissue, and hepatocytes. Taken together, these studies demonstrate that Nat1 deletion promotes reduced mitochondrial activity and is associated with ectopic lipid-induced insulin resistance. These results provide a potential genetic link among mitochondrial dysfunction with increased ectopic lipid deposition, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The pathogenic events responsible for the reduction of endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) number and function seen in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) are poorly understood. Here we investigate the hypothesis that increased concentrations of urea associated with CRF increase ROS production directly in EPCs, causing abnormalities associated with coronary artery disease risk. METHODS Human EPCs were isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of healthy donors and cultured in the presence or absence of 20 mmol/L urea. RESULTS Urea at concentrations seen in CRF induced ROS production in cultured EPCs. Urea-induced ROS reduced the number of endothelial cell colony forming units, uptake and binding of Dil-Ac-LDL and lectin-1, and the ability to differentiate into CD31- and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2-positive cells. Moreover, urea-induced ROS generation accelerated the onset of EPC senescence, leading to a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Normalization of mitochondrial ROS production prevented each of these effects of urea. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that urea itself causes both reduced EPC number and increased EPC dysfunction, thereby contributing to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease in CRF patients.
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da Silva Teixeira S, Filgueira C, Sieglaff DH, Benod C, Villagomez R, Minze LJ, Zhang A, Webb P, Nunes MT. 3,5-diiodothyronine (3,5-T2) reduces blood glucose independently of insulin sensitization in obese mice. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2017; 220:238-250. [PMID: 27770485 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIM Thyroid hormones regulate metabolic response. While triiodothyronine (T3) is usually considered to be the active form of thyroid hormone, one form of diiodothyronine (3,5-T2) exerts T3-like effects on energy consumption and lipid metabolism. 3,5-T2 also improves glucose tolerance in rats and 3,5-T2 levels correlate with fasting glucose in humans. Presently, however, little is known about mechanisms of 3,5-T2 effects on glucose metabolism. Here, we set out to compare effects of T3, 3,5-T2 and another form of T2 (3,3-T2) in a mouse model of diet-induced obesity and determined effects of T3 and 3,5-T2 on markers of classical insulin sensitization to understand how diiodothyronines influence blood glucose. METHODS Cell- and protein-based assays of thyroid hormone action. Assays of metabolic parameters in mice. Analysis of transcript and protein levels in different tissues by qRT-PCR and Western blot. RESULTS T3 and 3,5-T2 both reduce body weight, adiposity and body temperature despite increased food intake. 3,3'-T2 lacks these effects. T3 and 3,5-T2 reduce blood glucose levels, whereas 3,3'-T2 worsens glucose tolerance. Neither T3 nor 3,5-T2 affects markers of insulin sensitization in skeletal muscle or white adipose tissue (WAT), but both reduce hepatic GLUT2 glucose transporter levels and glucose output. T3 and 3,5-T2 also induce expression of mitochondrial uncoupling proteins (UCPs) 3 and 1 in skeletal muscle and WAT respectively. CONCLUSIONS 3,5-T2 influences glucose metabolism in a manner that is distinct from insulin sensitization and involves reductions in hepatic glucose output and changes in energy utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. da Silva Teixeira
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas; Universidade de São Paulo; São Paulo Brazil
- Genomic Medicine; Houston Methodist Research Institute; Houston TX USA
| | - C. Filgueira
- Genomic Medicine; Houston Methodist Research Institute; Houston TX USA
| | - D. H. Sieglaff
- Genomic Medicine; Houston Methodist Research Institute; Houston TX USA
| | - C. Benod
- Genomic Medicine; Houston Methodist Research Institute; Houston TX USA
| | - R. Villagomez
- Genomic Medicine; Houston Methodist Research Institute; Houston TX USA
| | - L. J. Minze
- Genomic Medicine; Houston Methodist Research Institute; Houston TX USA
| | - A. Zhang
- Genomic Medicine; Houston Methodist Research Institute; Houston TX USA
| | - P. Webb
- Genomic Medicine; Houston Methodist Research Institute; Houston TX USA
| | - M. T. Nunes
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas; Universidade de São Paulo; São Paulo Brazil
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Morales FE, Forsse JS, Andre TL, McKinley-Barnard SK, Hwang PS, Anthony IG, Tinsley GM, Spillane M, Grandjean PW, Ramirez A, Willoughby DS. BAIBA Does Not Regulate UCP-3 Expression in Human Skeletal Muscle as a Response to Aerobic Exercise. J Am Coll Nutr 2017; 36:200-209. [PMID: 28318397 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2016.1256240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE β-Aminoisobutyric acid (BAIBA) has shown to modulate uncoupling protein (UCP)-1 expression, which is mainly expressed in white adipose tissue; however, no studies to date have analyzed its potential effect on the main uncoupling protein of skeletal muscle, UCP-3. The main goal of this study was to assess the potential effect of acute aerobic exercise on serum BAIBA and skeletal muscle UCP-3. The secondary goal was to assess the potential involvement of the transcription factors proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα), as well as free fatty acids (FFAs) in UCP-3 expression. A tertiary goal of the study was to evaluate the potential effect of consuming a preexercise meal on the outcome of the first 2 objectives. METHODS In a randomized crossover design, untrained participants performed 2 acute cycling sessions (350 kcal at 70% of their VO2peak) after 2 experimental conditions: (1) consumption of a multi-macronutrient shake and (2) a fasting period of 8 hours. Blood samples were taken at baseline, preexercise, postexercise, 1 hour, and 4 hours postexercise, and muscle biopsies were taken at the last 4 time points. UCP-3 protein concentration and expression, as well as the mRNA expression of PGC-1α and PPARα, were measured in muscle, and BAIBA, glucose, and FFA were measured in serum. RESULTS Aerobic exercise failed to induce a significant effect on serum BAIBA, PGC-1α, and PPARα regardless on the feeding condition. Despite the lack of effect of exercise on the previous variables, UCP-3 expression and protein concentration significantly increased in the shake condition. CONCLUSION The expression of human skeletal muscle UCP-3 as a result of exercise might be controlled by factors other than BAIBA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flor E Morales
- a Department of Health , Human Performance and Recreation, Baylor University , Waco , Texas
| | - Jeffrey S Forsse
- a Department of Health , Human Performance and Recreation, Baylor University , Waco , Texas
| | - Thomas L Andre
- a Department of Health , Human Performance and Recreation, Baylor University , Waco , Texas
| | | | - Paul S Hwang
- a Department of Health , Human Performance and Recreation, Baylor University , Waco , Texas
| | - Ian G Anthony
- a Department of Health , Human Performance and Recreation, Baylor University , Waco , Texas
| | - Grant M Tinsley
- c Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management , Texas Tech University , Lubbock , Texas
| | - Mike Spillane
- d Department of Nutrition , Tecnológico de Monterrey , Monterrey , N.L. , México
| | - Peter W Grandjean
- a Department of Health , Human Performance and Recreation, Baylor University , Waco , Texas
| | - Alejandro Ramirez
- a Department of Health , Human Performance and Recreation, Baylor University , Waco , Texas
| | - Darryn S Willoughby
- a Department of Health , Human Performance and Recreation, Baylor University , Waco , Texas
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Hevener AL, Zhou Z, Drew BG, Ribas V. The Role of Skeletal Muscle Estrogen Receptors in Metabolic Homeostasis and Insulin Sensitivity. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1043:257-284. [PMID: 29224099 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-70178-3_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Women in the modern era are challenged with facing menopausal symptoms as well as heightened disease risk associated with increasing adiposity and metabolic dysfunction for up to three decades of life. Treatment strategies to combat metabolic dysfunction and associated pathologies have been hampered by our lack of understanding regarding the biological causes of these clinical conditions and our incomplete understanding regarding the effects of estrogens and the tissue-specific functions and molecular actions of its receptors. In this chapter we provide evidence supporting a critical and protective role for skeletal muscle estrogen receptor α in the maintenance of metabolic homeostasis and insulin sensitivity. Studies identifying the critical ER-regulated pathways essential for disease prevention will lay the important foundation for the rational design of novel therapeutic strategies to improve the health of women while limiting secondary complications that have plagued traditional hormone replacement interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea L Hevener
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Zhenqi Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Brian G Drew
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Vicent Ribas
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Hur JH, Park SY, Dall’Armi C, Lee JS, Di Paolo G, Lee HY, Yoon MS, Min DS, Choi CS. Phospholipase D1 deficiency in mice causes nonalcoholic fatty liver disease via an autophagy defect. Sci Rep 2016; 6:39170. [PMID: 27976696 PMCID: PMC5156943 DOI: 10.1038/srep39170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by the accumulation of triglycerides (TG) as lipid droplets in the liver. Although lipid-metabolizing enzymes are considered important in NAFLD, the involvement of phospholipase D1 (PLD1) has not yet been studied. Here, we show that the genetic ablation of PLD1 in mice induces NAFLD due to an autophagy defect. PLD1 expression was decreased in high-fat diet-induced NAFLD. Subsequently, PLD1 deficiency led to an increase in hepatic TGs and liver weight. Autophagic flux was blocked in Pld1-/- hepatocytes, with decreased β-oxidation rate, reduced oxidation-related gene expression, and swollen mitochondria. The dynamics of autophagy was restored by treatment with the PLD product, phosphatidic acid (PA) or adenoviral PLD1 expression in Pld1-/- hepatocytes, confirming that lysosomal PA produced by PLD1 regulates autophagy. Notably, PLD1 expression in Pld1-/- liver significantly reduced hepatic lipid accumulation, compared with Pld1-/- liver. Thus, PLD1 plays an important role in hepatic steatosis via the regulation of autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jang Ho Hur
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University School of Medicine, Incheon 406-840, Korea
- Korea Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center (KMMPC), Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University School of Medicine, Incheon 406-840, Korea
| | - Shi-Young Park
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University School of Medicine, Incheon 406-840, Korea
- Korea Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center (KMMPC), Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University School of Medicine, Incheon 406-840, Korea
| | - Claudia Dall’Armi
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, United States of America
| | - Jae Sung Lee
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University School of Medicine, Incheon 406-840, Korea
- Korea Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center (KMMPC), Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University School of Medicine, Incheon 406-840, Korea
| | - Gilbert Di Paolo
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, United States of America
| | - Hui-Young Lee
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University School of Medicine, Incheon 406-840, Korea
- Korea Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center (KMMPC), Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University School of Medicine, Incheon 406-840, Korea
| | - Mee-Sup Yoon
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University School of Medicine, Incheon 406-840, Korea
- Korea Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center (KMMPC), Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University School of Medicine, Incheon 406-840, Korea
| | - Do Sik Min
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Korea
| | - Cheol Soo Choi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University School of Medicine, Incheon 406-840, Korea
- Korea Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center (KMMPC), Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University School of Medicine, Incheon 406-840, Korea
- Endocrinology, Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon 405-760, Korea
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36
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Jaspers RT, Zillikens MC, Friesema ECH, Paoli G, Bloch W, Uitterlinden AG, Goglia F, Lanni A, Lange P. Exercise, fasting, and mimetics: toward beneficial combinations? FASEB J 2016; 31:14-28. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201600652r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard T. Jaspers
- Laboratory for MyologyMove Research Institute Amsterdam, Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit (VU) Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | | | - Edith C. H. Friesema
- Division of PharmacologyVascular and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam The Netherlands
| | - Giuseppe Paoli
- Department of EnvironmentalBiological, and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Second University of Naples Caserta Italy
| | - Wilhelm Bloch
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sport Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Sport MedicineGerman Sport University Cologne Cologne Germany
| | | | - Fernando Goglia
- Department of Sciences and TechnologiesUniversity of Sannio Benevento Italy
| | - Antonia Lanni
- Department of EnvironmentalBiological, and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Second University of Naples Caserta Italy
| | - Pieter Lange
- Department of EnvironmentalBiological, and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Second University of Naples Caserta Italy
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Abstract
The hypermetabolic effects of thyroid hormones (THs), the major endocrine regulators of metabolic rate, are widely recognized. Although, the cellular mechanisms underlying these effects have been extensively investigated, much has yet to be learned about how TH regulates diverse cellular functions. THs have a profound impact on mitochondria, the organelles responsible for the majority of cellular energy production, and several studies have been devoted to understand the respective importance of the nuclear and mitochondrial pathways for organelle activity. During the last decades, several new aspects of both THs (i.e., metabolism, transport, mechanisms of action, and the existence of metabolically active TH derivatives) and mitochondria (i.e., dynamics, respiratory chain organization in supercomplexes, and the discovery of uncoupling proteins other than uncoupling protein 1) have emerged, thus opening new perspectives to the investigation of the complex relationship between thyroid and the mitochondrial compartment. In this review, in the light of an historical background, we attempt to point out the present findings regarding thyroid physiology and the emerging recognition that mitochondrial dynamics as well as the arrangement of the electron transport chain in mitochondrial cristae contribute to the mitochondrial activity. We unravel the genomic and nongenomic mechanisms so far studied as well as the effects of THs on mitochondrial energetics and, principally, uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation via various mechanisms involving uncoupling proteins. The emergence of new approaches to the question as to what extent and how the action of TH can affect mitochondria is highlighted. © 2016 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 6:1591-1607, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Lanni
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Caserta, Italy
| | - Maria Moreno
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università degli Studi del Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Fernando Goglia
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università degli Studi del Sannio, Benevento, Italy
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Karvinen SM, Silvennoinen M, Ma H, Törmäkangas T, Rantalainen T, Rinnankoski-Tuikka R, Lensu S, Koch LG, Britton SL, Kainulainen H. Voluntary Running Aids to Maintain High Body Temperature in Rats Bred for High Aerobic Capacity. Front Physiol 2016; 7:311. [PMID: 27504097 PMCID: PMC4958631 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The production of heat, i.e., thermogenesis, is a significant component of the metabolic rate, which in turn affects weight gain and health. Thermogenesis is linked to physical activity (PA) level. However, it is not known whether intrinsic exercise capacity, aging, and long-term voluntary running affect core body temperature. Here we use rat models selectively bred to differ in maximal treadmill endurance running capacity (Low capacity runners, LCR and High capacity Runners, HCR), that as adults are divergent for aerobic exercise capacity, aging, and metabolic disease risk to study the connection between PA and body temperature. Ten high capacity runner (HCR) and ten low capacity runner (LCR) female rats were studied between 9 and 21 months of age. Rectal body temperature of HCR and LCR rats was measured before and after 1-year voluntary running/control intervention to explore the effects of aging and PA. Also, we determined whether injected glucose and spontaneous activity affect the body temperature differently between LCR and HCR rats at 9 vs. 21 months of age. HCRs had on average 1.3°C higher body temperature than LCRs (p < 0.001). Aging decreased the body temperature level of HCRs to similar levels with LCRs. The opportunity to run voluntarily had a significant impact on the body temperature of HCRs (p < 0.001) allowing them to maintain body temperature at a similar level as when at younger age. Compared to LCRs, HCRs were spontaneously more active, had higher relative gastrocnemius muscle mass and higher UCP2, PGC-1α, cyt c, and OXPHOS levels in the skeletal muscle (p < 0.050). These results suggest that higher PA level together with greater relative muscle mass and higher mitochondrial content/function contribute to the accumulation of heat in the HCRs. Interestingly, neither aging nor voluntary training had a significant impact on core body temperature of LCRs. However, glucose injection resulted in a lowering of the body temperature of LCRs (p < 0.050), but not that of HCRs. In conclusion, rats born with high intrinsic capacity for aerobic exercise and better health have higher body temperature compared to rats born with low exercise capacity and disease risk. Voluntary running allowed HCRs to maintain high body temperature during aging, which suggests that high PA level was crucial in maintaining the high body temperature of HCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sira M Karvinen
- Department of Biology of Physical Activity, Neuromuscular Research Center, University of Jyväskylä Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Mika Silvennoinen
- Department of Biology of Physical Activity, Neuromuscular Research Center, University of Jyväskylä Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Hongqiang Ma
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Timo Törmäkangas
- Gerontology Research Center and Department of Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Timo Rantalainen
- Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rita Rinnankoski-Tuikka
- Department of Biology of Physical Activity, Neuromuscular Research Center, University of Jyväskylä Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Sanna Lensu
- Department of Biology of Physical Activity, Neuromuscular Research Center, University of Jyväskylä Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Lauren G Koch
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan Medical School Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Steven L Britton
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Heikki Kainulainen
- Department of Biology of Physical Activity, Neuromuscular Research Center, University of Jyväskylä Jyväskylä, Finland
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Gill KS, Fernandes P, O'Donovan TR, McKenna SL, Doddakula KK, Power DG, Soden DM, Forde PF. Glycolysis inhibition as a cancer treatment and its role in an anti-tumour immune response. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2016; 1866:87-105. [PMID: 27373814 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Increased glycolysis is the main source of energy supply in cancer cells that use this metabolic pathway for ATP generation. Altered energy metabolism is a biochemical fingerprint of cancer cells that represents one of the "hallmarks of cancer". The immune system can prevent tumour growth by eliminating cancer cells but this editing process ultimately results in poorly immunogenic cells remaining allowing for unchallenged tumour growth. In this review we look at the glycolysis pathway as a target for cancer treatments. We also examine the interplay between the glycolysis modulation and the immune response as an anti-cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kheshwant S Gill
- Cork Cancer Research Centre, Western Gateway Building, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, Cork University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
| | - Philana Fernandes
- Cork Cancer Research Centre, Western Gateway Building, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Tracey R O'Donovan
- Cork Cancer Research Centre, Western Gateway Building, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Sharon L McKenna
- Cork Cancer Research Centre, Western Gateway Building, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Derek G Power
- Cork Cancer Research Centre, Western Gateway Building, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Medical Oncology, Mercy University Hospital, Grenville Place, Cork, Ireland
| | - Declan M Soden
- Cork Cancer Research Centre, Western Gateway Building, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Patrick F Forde
- Cork Cancer Research Centre, Western Gateway Building, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
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Sparks LM, Gemmink A, Phielix E, Bosma M, Schaart G, Moonen-Kornips E, Jörgensen JA, Nascimento EBM, Hesselink MKC, Schrauwen P, Hoeks J. ANT1-mediated fatty acid-induced uncoupling as a target for improving myocellular insulin sensitivity. Diabetologia 2016; 59:1030-9. [PMID: 26886198 PMCID: PMC4826430 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-016-3885-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Dissipating energy via mitochondrial uncoupling has been suggested to contribute to enhanced insulin sensitivity. We hypothesised that skeletal muscle mitochondria of endurance-trained athletes have increased sensitivity for fatty acid (FA)-induced uncoupling, which is driven by the mitochondrial protein adenine nucleotide translocase 1 (ANT1). METHODS Capacity for FA-induced uncoupling was measured in endurance-trained male athletes (T) and sedentary young men (UT) in an observational study and also in isolated skeletal muscle mitochondria from Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats and C2C12 myotubes following small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated gene silencing of ANT1. Thus, fuelled by glutamate/succinate (fibres) or pyruvate (mitochondria and myotubes) and in the presence of oligomycin to block ATP synthesis, increasing levels of oleate (fibres) or palmitate (mitochondria and myotubes) were automatically titrated while respiration was monitored. Insulin sensitivity was measured by hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamp in humans and via insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in myotubes. RESULTS Skeletal muscle from the T group displayed increased sensitivity to FA-induced uncoupling (p = 0.011) compared with muscle from the UT group, and this was associated with elevated insulin sensitivity (p = 0.034). ANT1 expression was increased in T (p = 0.013). Mitochondria from ZDF rats displayed decreased sensitivity for FA-induced uncoupling (p = 0.008). This difference disappeared in the presence of the adenine nucleotide translocator inhibitor carboxyatractyloside. Partial knockdown of ANT1 in C2C12 myotubes decreased sensitivity to the FA-induced uncoupling (p = 0.008) and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake (p = 0.025) compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Increased sensitivity to FA-induced uncoupling is associated with enhanced insulin sensitivity and is affected by ANT1 activity in skeletal muscle. FA-induced mitochondrial uncoupling may help to preserve insulin sensitivity in the face of a high supply of FAs. TRIAL REGISTRATION www.trialregister.nl NTR2002.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M Sparks
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, P. O. Box 616, 6200MD, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Florida Hospital, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Anne Gemmink
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Esther Phielix
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, P. O. Box 616, 6200MD, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Madeleen Bosma
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, P. O. Box 616, 6200MD, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gert Schaart
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Esther Moonen-Kornips
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, P. O. Box 616, 6200MD, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Johanna A Jörgensen
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, P. O. Box 616, 6200MD, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Emmani B M Nascimento
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, P. O. Box 616, 6200MD, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Matthijs K C Hesselink
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Patrick Schrauwen
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, P. O. Box 616, 6200MD, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Joris Hoeks
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, P. O. Box 616, 6200MD, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
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Lapice E, Monticelli A, Cocozza S, Pinelli M, Massimino E, Giacco A, Rivellese AA, Cocozza S, Riccardi G, Vaccaro O. The combination of UCP3-55CT and PPARγ2Pro12Ala polymorphisms affects BMI and substrate oxidation in two diabetic populations. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2016; 26:400-406. [PMID: 27089973 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2016.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Revised: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM To evaluate the combined contribution of UCP3-55CT and PPARγ2 Pro12Ala polymorphisms as correlates of BMI, energy expenditure (REE) and substrate oxidation in people with type 2 diabetes. METHODS AND RESULTS Two independent population with type 2 diabetes were studied: population A, n = 272; population B, n = 269. Based on both UCP3 and PPARγ2 genotypes three groups were created. Carriers of the PPARγ2 Pro12Ala in combination with the CC genotype of UCP3 (ProAla/CC, group 1); carriers of only one of these genotypes (either CC/ProPro or CT-TT/ProAla, group 2); people with neither variants (CT-TT/ProPro, group 3). In both populations BMI (kg/m(2)) was highest in group 1, intermediate in group 2 and lowest in group 3, independent of energy intake (i.e 35.3 ± 6.7 vs 33.4 ± 5.4 vs 31.8 ± 3, p < 0.02, population A; 32.4 ± 4.2 vs 31.7 ± 3.8 vs 30.1 ± 2.7; p < 0.03, population B). People with the ProAla/CC genotype (group 1) showed similar REE, but lower lipid oxidation (10.9 vs 13.9 g/kg fat free mass/day; p = 0.04) and higher carbohydrate oxidation (23.6 vs 15.6 g/kg fat free mass/day; p = 0.02) than carriers of other genotypes. CONCLUSIONS The combination of UCP3-55 CC and PPARγ2 Pro12Ala genotypes is associated with significantly higher BMI than other PPARγ2-UCP3 genotype combinations, partly due to a reduced ability in lipids oxidation. The relative importance of these mechanism(s) may be different in non diabetic people.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Lapice
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University of Naples, Italy.
| | - A Monticelli
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology (DMMBM), University of Naples Federico II, Italy; Institute Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology "Gaetano Salvatore" (IEOS) - CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - S Cocozza
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University of Naples, Italy
| | - M Pinelli
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology (DMMBM), University of Naples Federico II, Italy
| | - E Massimino
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University of Naples, Italy
| | - A Giacco
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University of Naples, Italy
| | - A A Rivellese
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University of Naples, Italy
| | - S Cocozza
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology (DMMBM), University of Naples Federico II, Italy
| | - G Riccardi
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University of Naples, Italy
| | - O Vaccaro
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University of Naples, Italy
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Li GS, Liu XH, Zhu H, Huang L, Liu YL, Ma CM. Skeletal muscle insulin resistance in hamsters with diabetes developed from obesity is involved in abnormal skeletal muscle LXR, PPAR and SREBP expression. Exp Ther Med 2016; 11:2259-2269. [PMID: 27284309 PMCID: PMC4887951 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic ‘lipotoxicity’ theory suggests that fat-induced skeletal muscle insulin resistance (FISMIR) in obesity induced by a high-fat diet (HFD), which leads to ectopic lipid accumulation in insulin-sensitive tissues, may play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. However, the changes in gene expression and the molecular mechanisms associated with the pathogenesis of FISMIR have not yet been fully elucidated. In the present study the changes in skeletal muscle gene expression were examined in FISMIR in obese insulin-resistant and diabetic hamster models induced by HFD with or without low-dose streptozotocin-treatment. Microarray technology and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) were used to explore the potential underlying molecular mechanisms. The pathophysiological and metabolic features of obesity and type 2 diabetes in humans are closely resembled by these hamster models. The results of microarray analysis showed that the differentially expressed genes associated with metabolism were mostly related to the abnormal regulation and changes in the gene expression of liver X receptor (LXR), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) and sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP) transcriptional programs in the skeletal muscle from insulin-resistant and diabetic hamsters. The microarray findings confirmed by RT-qPCR indicated that the increased expression of SREBPs and LXRβ and the decreased expression of LXRα and PPARs were involved in the molecular mechanisms of FISMIR pathogenesis in insulin-resistant and diabetic hamsters. A significant difference in the abnormal expression of skeletal muscle LXRs, PPARs and SREBPs was found between insulin-resistant and diabetic hamsters. It may be concluded that the combined abnormal expression of LXR, PPAR and SREBP transcriptional programs may contribute to the development of FISMIR mediated by skeletal muscle lipid accumulation resulting from abnormal skeletal muscle glucose and lipid metabolism in these HFD- and streptozotocin injection-induced insulin-resistant and diabetic hamsters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Sheng Li
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
| | - Xu-Han Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, Dalian, Liaoning 116033, P.R. China
| | - Hua Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing 100021, P.R. China
| | - Lan Huang
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing 100021, P.R. China
| | - Ya-Li Liu
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing 100021, P.R. China
| | - Chun-Mei Ma
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing 100021, P.R. China
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43
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Shen B, Zhang L, Lian C, Lu C, Zhang Y, Pan Q, Yang R, Zhao Z. Deep Sequencing and Screening of Differentially Expressed MicroRNAs Related to Milk Fat Metabolism in Bovine Primary Mammary Epithelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:200. [PMID: 26901190 PMCID: PMC4783934 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17020200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Milk fat is a key factor affecting milk quality and is also a major trait targeted in dairy cow breeding. To determine how the synthesis and the metabolism of lipids in bovine milk is regulated at the miRNA level, primary mammary epithelial cells (pMEC) derived from two Chinese Holstein dairy cows that produced extreme differences in milk fat percentage were cultured by the method of tissue nubbles culture. Small RNA libraries were constructed from each of the two pMEC groups, and Solexa sequencing and bioinformatics analysis were then used to determine the abundance of miRNAs and their differential expression pattern between pMECs. Target genes and functional prediction of differentially expressed miRNAs by Gene Ontology and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis illustrated their roles in milk fat metabolism. Results show that a total of 292 known miRNAs and 116 novel miRNAs were detected in both pMECs. Identification of known and novel miRNA candidates demonstrated the feasibility and sensitivity of sequencing at the cellular level. Additionally, 97 miRNAs were significantly differentially expressed between the pMECs. Finally, three miRNAs including bta-miR-33a, bta-miR-152 and bta-miR-224 whose predicted target genes were annotated to the pathway of lipid metabolism were screened and verified by real-time qPCR and Western-blotting experiments. This study is the first comparative profiling of the miRNA transcriptome in pMECs that produce different milk fat content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binglei Shen
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun 130062, China.
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China.
| | - Liying Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun 130062, China.
| | - Chuanjiang Lian
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology and Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine Unit, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Chunyan Lu
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun 130062, China.
| | - Yonghong Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun 130062, China.
| | - Qiqi Pan
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China.
| | - Runjun Yang
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun 130062, China.
| | - Zhihui Zhao
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun 130062, China.
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44
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Gan L, Yan J, Liu Z, Feng M, Sun C. Adiponectin prevents reduction of lipid-induced mitochondrial biogenesis via AMPK/ACC2 pathway in chicken adipocyte. J Cell Biochem 2016; 116:1090-100. [PMID: 25536013 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Adiponectin (APN) stimulates mitochondrial biogenesis and reduces lipid content in human and animal adipocytes. However, the mechanism of adiponectin in regulating mitochondrial biogenesis in chicken adipocytes has never been reported. The objective of this study is to examine the mechanism that adiponectin plays in lipid-induced mitochondrial biogenesis and mitochondrial function in chicken adipocytes. We found that the overexpression of adiponectin reduced the membrane DAG content and elevated the membrane translocation of PKCθ. In contrast to control groups, the overexpression of adiponectin increased mitochondrial density and mitochondrial DNA contents and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor αcoactivator 1α (PGC1-α) expression. Mitochondrial membrane potential and cytochrome C (Cyt C) content were detected by JC-1 fluorescent staining and immunofluorescence which indicated that overexpression of adiponectin enhanced mitochondrial ATP synthesis. Moreover, AMPK/ACC2 signaling pathway was activated along with the elevation of PGC1-α and TFAM by the overexpression of adiponectin, meanwhile the lipid transcription marker genes were down-regulated. This effect was alleviated by reducing adiponectin and a specific inhibitor of AMPK pathway. We concluded that adiponectin could prevent reduction of lipid-induced mitochondrial biogenesis via AMPK/ACC2 pathway in chicken adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Gan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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Hevener AL, Clegg DJ, Mauvais-Jarvis F. Impaired estrogen receptor action in the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015; 418 Pt 3:306-21. [PMID: 26033249 PMCID: PMC5965692 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Considering the current trends in life expectancy, women in the modern era are challenged with facing menopausal symptoms as well as heightened disease risk associated with increasing adiposity and metabolic dysfunction for up to three decades of life. Treatment strategies to combat metabolic dysfunction and associated pathologies have been hampered by our lack of understanding regarding the biological underpinnings of these clinical conditions and our incomplete understanding of the effects of estrogens and the tissue-specific functions and molecular actions of its receptors. In this review we provide evidence supporting a critical and protective role for the estrogen receptor α specific form in the maintenance of metabolic homeostasis and insulin sensitivity. Studies identifying the ER-regulated pathways required for disease prevention will lay the important foundation for the rational design of targeted therapeutics to improve women's health while limiting complications that have plagued traditional hormone replacement interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea L Hevener
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, David Geffen School of Medicine, Iris Cantor-UCLA Women's Health Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Deborah J Clegg
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Franck Mauvais-Jarvis
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine Tulane University, Health Science Center New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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UCP-3 uncoupling protein confers hypoxia resistance to renal epithelial cells and is upregulated in renal cell carcinoma. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13450. [PMID: 26304588 PMCID: PMC4548255 DOI: 10.1038/srep13450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells can adapt to a hostile environment with reduced oxygen supply. The present study aimed to identify mechanisms that confer hypoxia resistance. Partially hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)-resistant proximal tubular (PT) cells were selected by exposing PT cultures to repetitive cycles of H/R. Thereafter, H/R-induced changes in mRNA and protein expression, inner mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), formation of superoxide, and cell death were compared between H/R-adapted and control PT cultures. As a result, H/R-adapted PT cells exhibited lower H/R-induced hyperpolarization of ΔΨm and produced less superoxide than the control cultures. Consequently, H/R triggered ΔΨm break-down and DNA degradation in a lower percentage of H/R-adapted than control PT cells. Moreover, H/R induced upregulation of mitochondrial uncoupling protein-3 (UCP-3) in H/R-adapted PT but not in control cultures. In addition, ionizing radiation killed a lower percentage of H/R-adapted as compared to control cells suggestive of an H/R-radiation cross-resistance developed by the selection procedure. Knockdown of UCP-3 decreased H/R- and radioresitance of the H/R-adapted cells. Finally, UCP-3 protein abundance of PT-derived clear cell renal cell carcinoma and normal renal tissue was compared in human specimens indicating upregulation of UCP-3 during tumor development. Combined, our data suggest functional significance of UCP-3 for H/R resistance.
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Chu X, He X, Shi Z, Li C, Guo F, Li S, Li Y, Na L, Sun C. Ursolic acid increases energy expenditure through enhancing free fatty acid uptake and β-oxidation via an UCP3/AMPK-dependent pathway in skeletal muscle. Mol Nutr Food Res 2015; 59:1491-503. [PMID: 25944715 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201400670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2014] [Revised: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Ursolic acid (UA) is a triterpenoid compound with multifold biological functions. Our previous studies have reported that UA protects against high-fat diet-induced obesity and improves insulin resistance (IR). However, the potential mechanisms are still undefined. Free fatty acid (FFA) metabolism in skeletal muscle plays a central role in obesity and IR. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the effect and the potential mechanisms of UA on skeletal muscle FFA metabolism. METHODS AND RESULTS In diet-induced obese rats, 0.5% UA supplementation for 6 weeks markedly reduced body weight, increased energy expenditure, decreased FFA level in serum and skeletal muscle and triglyceride content in skeletal muscle. In vitro, the data provided directly evidence that UA significantly increased fluorescently labeled FFA uptake and (3) H-labeled palmitic acid β-oxidation. UA-activated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and downstream targets were involved in the increase of FFA catabolism. Moreover, upregulated uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3) by UA contributed to AMPK activation via elevating adenosine monophosphate/adenosine triphosphate ratio. CONCLUSION UA increases FFA burning through enhancing skeletal muscle FFA uptake and β-oxidation via an UCP3/AMPK-dependent pathway, which provides a novel perspective on the biological function of UA against obesity and IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Chu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xuan He
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhiping Shi
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Chunjuan Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Fuchuan Guo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Songtao Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Research Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Sino-Russian Medical Research Center, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lixin Na
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Changhao Sun
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Research Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Sino-Russian Medical Research Center, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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48
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DJ-1 links muscle ROS production with metabolic reprogramming and systemic energy homeostasis in mice. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7415. [PMID: 26077864 PMCID: PMC4490365 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been linked to a wide variety of pathologies, including obesity and diabetes, but ROS also act as endogenous signalling molecules, regulating numerous biological processes. DJ-1 is one of the most evolutionarily conserved proteins across species, and mutations in DJ-1 have been linked to some cases of Parkinson's disease. Here we show that DJ-1 maintains cellular metabolic homeostasis via modulating ROS levels in murine skeletal muscles, revealing a role of DJ-1 in maintaining efficient fuel utilization. We demonstrate that, in the absence of DJ-1, ROS uncouple mitochondrial respiration and activate AMP-activated protein kinase, which triggers Warburg-like metabolic reprogramming in muscle cells. Accordingly, DJ-1 knockout mice exhibit higher energy expenditure and are protected from obesity, insulin resistance and diabetes in the setting of fuel surplus. Our data suggest that promoting mitochondrial uncoupling may be a potential strategy for the treatment of obesity-associated metabolic disorders. The protein DJ-1 is known to have antioxidant effects in cells. Here, the authors reveal that DJ-1 has a role in coupling mitochondrial respiration in skeletal muscles of mice, and show that absence of DJ-1 increases energy expenditure and protects mice from diet-induced obesity.
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49
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Gordon JW, Dolinsky VW, Mughal W, Gordon GRJ, McGavock J. Targeting skeletal muscle mitochondria to prevent type 2 diabetes in youth. Biochem Cell Biol 2015; 93:452-65. [PMID: 26151290 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2015-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) has increased dramatically over the past two decades, not only among adults but also among adolescents. T2D is a systemic disorder affecting every organ system and is especially damaging to the cardiovascular system, predisposing individuals to severe cardiac and vascular complications. The precise mechanisms that cause T2D are an area of active research. Most current theories suggest that the process begins with peripheral insulin resistance that precedes failure of the pancreatic β-cells to secrete sufficient insulin to maintain normoglycemia. A growing body of literature has highlighted multiple aspects of mitochondrial function, including oxidative phosphorylation, lipid homeostasis, and mitochondrial quality control in the regulation of peripheral insulin sensitivity. Whether the cellular mechanisms of insulin resistance in adults are comparable to that in adolescents remains unclear. This review will summarize both clinical and basic studies that shed light on how alterations in skeletal muscle mitochondrial function contribute to whole body insulin resistance and will discuss the evidence supporting high-intensity exercise training as a therapy to circumvent skeletal muscle mitochondrial dysfunction to restore insulin sensitivity in both adults and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph W Gordon
- a Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, College of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, The Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme of the Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, John Buhler Research Centre, 715 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada
| | - Vernon W Dolinsky
- b Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme of the Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, John Buhler Research Centre, 715 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada
| | - Wajihah Mughal
- c Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, The Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme of the Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, John Buhler Research Centre, 715 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada
| | - Grant R J Gordon
- d Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Health Research Innovation Centre, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada.,e Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Jonathan McGavock
- f Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, The Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme of the Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, John Buhler Research Centre, 715 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada
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50
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Busiello RA, Savarese S, Lombardi A. Mitochondrial uncoupling proteins and energy metabolism. Front Physiol 2015; 6:36. [PMID: 25713540 PMCID: PMC4322621 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the metabolic factors that contribute to energy metabolism (EM) is critical for the development of new treatments for obesity and related diseases. Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation is not perfectly coupled to ATP synthesis, and the process of proton-leak plays a crucial role. Proton-leak accounts for a significant part of the resting metabolic rate (RMR) and therefore enhancement of this process represents a potential target for obesity treatment. Since their discovery, uncoupling proteins have stimulated great interest due to their involvement in mitochondrial-inducible proton-leak. Despite the widely accepted uncoupling/thermogenic effect of uncoupling protein one (UCP1), which was the first in this family to be discovered, the reactions catalyzed by its homolog UCP3 and the physiological role remain under debate. This review provides an overview of the role played by UCP1 and UCP3 in mitochondrial uncoupling/functionality as well as EM and suggests that they are a potential therapeutic target for treating obesity and its related diseases such as type II diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa A Busiello
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università degli Studi del Sannio Benevento, Italy
| | - Sabrina Savarese
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli Caserta, Italy
| | - Assunta Lombardi
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Napoli, Italy
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