1
|
Rezq S, Huffman AM, Basnet J, Alsemeh AE, do Carmo JM, Yanes Cardozo LL, Romero DG. MicroRNA-21 modulates brown adipose tissue adipogenesis and thermogenesis in a mouse model of polycystic ovary syndrome. Biol Sex Differ 2024; 15:53. [PMID: 38987854 PMCID: PMC11238487 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-024-00630-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), the most common endocrine disorder in premenopausal women, is associated with increased obesity, hyperandrogenism, and altered brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis. MicroRNAs play critical functions in brown adipocyte differentiation and maintenance. We aim to study the role of microRNA-21 (miR-21) in altered energy homeostasis and BAT thermogenesis in a PCOS mouse model of peripubertal androgen exposure. METHODS Three-week-old miR-21 knockout (miR21KO) or wild-type (WT) female mice were treated with dihydrotestosterone (DHT) or vehicle for 90 days. Body composition was determined by EchoMRI. Energy expenditure (EE), oxygen consumption (VO2), carbon dioxide production (VCO2), and respiratory exchange ratio (RER) were measured by indirect calorimetry. Androgen receptor (AR), and markers of adipogenesis, de novo lipogenesis, angiogenesis, extracellular matrix remodeling, and thermogenesis were quantified by RT-qPCR and/or Western-blot. RESULTS MiR-21 ablation attenuated DHT-mediated increase in body weight while having no effect on fat or BAT mass. MiR-21 ablation attenuated DHT-mediated BAT AR upregulation. MiR-21 ablation did not alter EE; however, miR21KO DHT-treated mice have reduced VO2, VCO2, and RER. MiR-21 ablation reversed DHT-mediated decrease in food intake and increase in sleep time. MiR-21 ablation decreased some adipogenesis (Adipoq, Pparγ, and Cebpβ) and extracellular matrix remodeling (Mmp-9 and Timp-1) markers expression in DHT-treated mice. MiR-21 ablation abolished DHT-mediated increases in thermogenesis markers Cpt1a and Cpt1b, while decreasing CIDE-A expression. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that BAT miR-21 may play a role in regulating DHT-mediated thermogenic dysfunction in PCOS. Modulation of BAT miR-21 levels could be a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of PCOS-associated metabolic derangements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samar Rezq
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA.
- Women's Health Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA.
- Cardiovascular-Renal Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA.
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA.
| | - Alexandra M Huffman
- Women's Health Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
- Cardiovascular-Renal Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - Jelina Basnet
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
- Women's Health Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
- Cardiovascular-Renal Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - Amira E Alsemeh
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Jussara M do Carmo
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
- Cardiorenal and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - Licy L Yanes Cardozo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
- Women's Health Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
- Cardiovascular-Renal Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - Damian G Romero
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA.
- Women's Health Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA.
- Cardiovascular-Renal Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA.
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yang S, Liu Y, Wu X, Zhu R, Sun Y, Zou S, Zhang D, Yang X. Molecular Regulation of Thermogenic Mechanisms in Beige Adipocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6303. [PMID: 38928011 PMCID: PMC11203837 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is conventionally recognized as a metabolic organ responsible for storing energy. However, a proportion of adipose tissue also functions as a thermogenic organ, contributing to the inhibition of weight gain and prevention of metabolic diseases. In recent years, there has been significant progress in the study of thermogenic fats, particularly brown adipose tissue (BAT). Despite this progress, the mechanism underlying thermogenesis in beige adipose tissue remains highly controversial. It is widely acknowledged that beige adipose tissue has three additional thermogenic mechanisms in addition to the conventional UCP1-dependent thermogenesis: Ca2+ cycling thermogenesis, creatine substrate cycling thermogenesis, and triacylglycerol/fatty acid cycling thermogenesis. This paper delves into these three mechanisms and reviews the latest advancements in the molecular regulation of thermogenesis from the molecular genetic perspective. The objective of this review is to provide readers with a foundation of knowledge regarding the beige fats and a foundation for future research into the mechanisms of this process, which may lead to the development of new strategies for maintaining human health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (S.Y.); (Y.L.); (X.W.); (R.Z.); (Y.S.); (S.Z.)
| | - Yingke Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (S.Y.); (Y.L.); (X.W.); (R.Z.); (Y.S.); (S.Z.)
| | - Xiaoxu Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (S.Y.); (Y.L.); (X.W.); (R.Z.); (Y.S.); (S.Z.)
| | - Rongru Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (S.Y.); (Y.L.); (X.W.); (R.Z.); (Y.S.); (S.Z.)
| | - Yuanlu Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (S.Y.); (Y.L.); (X.W.); (R.Z.); (Y.S.); (S.Z.)
| | - Shuoya Zou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (S.Y.); (Y.L.); (X.W.); (R.Z.); (Y.S.); (S.Z.)
| | - Dongjie Zhang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Xiuqin Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (S.Y.); (Y.L.); (X.W.); (R.Z.); (Y.S.); (S.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gabriel de Almeida G, Bolin AP, Batistuzzo A, Fonseca TL, Ribeiro MO, Bianco AC. Genetic Background Strongly Influences the Impact of Carrying the Thr92Ala-DIO2 Polymorphism in the Male Mouse. Endocrinology 2024; 165:bqae064. [PMID: 38836615 PMCID: PMC11181002 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqae064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
About half of the world population carries at least one allele of the Ala92-DIO2, which slows down the activity of the type 2 deiodinase (D2), the enzyme that activates T4 to T3. Carrying the Ala92-DIO2 allele has been associated with increased body mass index and insulin resistance, but this has not been reproduced in all populations. To test if the genetic background affects the impact of this polymorphism, here we studied the genetically distant C57Bl/6J (B6) and FVB/N (FVB) mice carrying the Ala92-Dio2 allele as compared to control mice carrying the Thr92-Dio2 allele. Whereas B6-Ala92-Dio2 and B6-Thr92-Dio2 mice-fed chow or high-fat diet-behaved metabolically similar in studies using indirect calorimetry, glucose- and insulin tolerance tests, and measuring white adipose tissue (WAT) weight and liver steatosis, major differences were observed between FVB-Ala92-Dio2 and FVB-Thr92-Dio2 mice: carrying the Ala92-Dio2 allele (on a chow diet) resulted in hypercholesterolemia, smaller WAT pads, hepatomegaly, steatosis, and transcriptome changes in the interscapular brown adipose tissue (iBAT) typical of ER stress and apoptosis. Acclimatization at thermoneutrality (30 °C) eliminated most of the metabolic phenotype, indicating that impaired adaptive (BAT) thermogenesis can be involved. In conclusion, the metabolic impact of carrying the Ala92-Dio2 allele depends greatly on the genetic background of the mouse, varying from no phenotype in B6 mice to a major phenotype in FVB mice. These results will help the planning of future clinical trials studying the Thr92Ala-DIO2 polymorphism and may explain why some clinical studies performed in different populations across the globe have obtained inconsistent results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Gabriel de Almeida
- Section of Adult and Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Anaysa P Bolin
- Department of Pharmacology, Biomedical Science Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508, Brazil
| | - Alice Batistuzzo
- Section of Adult and Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Tatiana L Fonseca
- Section of Adult and Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Miriam O Ribeiro
- Human Developmental Sciences Graduate Program, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Presbyterian Mackenzie University, São Paulo, SP 01302, Brazil
| | - Antonio C Bianco
- Section of Adult and Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Fleishman JS, Kumar S. Bile acid metabolism and signaling in health and disease: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:97. [PMID: 38664391 PMCID: PMC11045871 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01811-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Bile acids, once considered mere dietary surfactants, now emerge as critical modulators of macronutrient (lipid, carbohydrate, protein) metabolism and the systemic pro-inflammatory/anti-inflammatory balance. Bile acid metabolism and signaling pathways play a crucial role in protecting against, or if aberrant, inducing cardiometabolic, inflammatory, and neoplastic conditions, strongly influencing health and disease. No curative treatment exists for any bile acid influenced disease, while the most promising and well-developed bile acid therapeutic was recently rejected by the FDA. Here, we provide a bottom-up approach on bile acids, mechanistically explaining their biochemistry, physiology, and pharmacology at canonical and non-canonical receptors. Using this mechanistic model of bile acids, we explain how abnormal bile acid physiology drives disease pathogenesis, emphasizing how ceramide synthesis may serve as a unifying pathogenic feature for cardiometabolic diseases. We provide an in-depth summary on pre-existing bile acid receptor modulators, explain their shortcomings, and propose solutions for how they may be remedied. Lastly, we rationalize novel targets for further translational drug discovery and provide future perspectives. Rather than dismissing bile acid therapeutics due to recent setbacks, we believe that there is immense clinical potential and a high likelihood for the future success of bile acid therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua S Fleishman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, USA
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Gerhardt P, Begall S, Frädrich C, Renko K, Heinrich A, Köhrle J, Henning Y. Low thyroxine serves as an upstream regulator of ecophysiological adaptations in Ansell's mole-rats. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1329083. [PMID: 38567302 PMCID: PMC10985354 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1329083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction About 10% of all rodent species have evolved a subterranean way of life, although life in subterranean burrows is associated with harsh environmental conditions that would be lethal to most animals living above ground. Two key adaptations for survival in subterranean habitats are low resting metabolic rate (RMR) and core body temperature (Tb). However, the upstream regulation of these traits was unknown thus far. Previously, we have reported exceptionally low concentrations of the thyroid hormone (TH) thyroxine (T4), and peculiarities in TH regulating mechanisms in two African mole-rat species, the naked mole-rat and the Ansell's mole-rat. Methods In the present study, we treated Ansell's mole-rats with T4 for four weeks and analyzed treatment effects on the tissue and whole organism level with focus on metabolism and thermoregulation. Results We found RMR to be upregulated by T4 treatment but not to the extent that was expected based on serum T4 concentrations. Our data point towards an extraordinary capability of Ansell's mole-rats to effectively downregulate TH signaling at tissue level despite very high serum TH concentrations, which most likely explains the observed effects on RMR. On the other hand, body weight was decreased in T4-treated animals and Tb was upregulated by T4 treatment. Moreover, we found indications of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis potentially influencing the treatment effects. Conclusion Taken together, we provide the first experimental evidence that the low serum T4 concentrations of Ansell's mole-rats serve as an upstream regulator of low RMR and Tb. Thus, our study contributes to a better understanding of the ecophysiological evolution of the subterranean lifestyle in African mole-rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Gerhardt
- Institute of Physiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Sabine Begall
- Department of General Zoology, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Caroline Frädrich
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Experimentelle Endokrinologie, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kostja Renko
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, German Centre for the Protection of Laboratory Animals (Bf3R), Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexandra Heinrich
- Institute of Physiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Josef Köhrle
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Experimentelle Endokrinologie, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yoshiyuki Henning
- Institute of Physiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Manoli I, Sysol JR, Head PE, Epping MW, Gavrilova O, Crocker MK, Sloan JL, Koutsoukos SA, Wang C, Ktena YP, Mendelson S, Pass AR, Zerfas PM, Hoffmann V, Vernon HJ, Fletcher LA, Reynolds JC, Tsokos MG, Stratakis CA, Voss SD, Chen KY, Brown RJ, Hamosh A, Berry GT, Chen XS, Yanovski JA, Venditti CP. Lipodystrophy in methylmalonic acidemia associated with elevated FGF21 and abnormal methylmalonylation. JCI Insight 2024; 9:e174097. [PMID: 38271099 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.174097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
A distinct adipose tissue distribution pattern was observed in patients with methylmalonyl-CoA mutase deficiency, an inborn error of branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) metabolism, characterized by centripetal obesity with proximal upper and lower extremity fat deposition and paucity of visceral fat, that resembles familial multiple lipomatosis syndrome. To explore brown and white fat physiology in methylmalonic acidemia (MMA), body composition, adipokines, and inflammatory markers were assessed in 46 patients with MMA and 99 matched controls. Fibroblast growth factor 21 levels were associated with acyl-CoA accretion, aberrant methylmalonylation in adipose tissue, and an attenuated inflammatory cytokine profile. In parallel, brown and white fat were examined in a liver-specific transgenic MMA mouse model (Mmut-/- TgINS-Alb-Mmut). The MMA mice exhibited abnormal nonshivering thermogenesis with whitened brown fat and had an ineffective transcriptional response to cold stress. Treatment of the MMA mice with bezafibrates led to clinical improvement with beiging of subcutaneous fat depots, which resembled the distribution seen in the patients. These studies defined what we believe to be a novel lipodystrophy phenotype in patients with defects in the terminal steps of BCAA oxidation and demonstrated that beiging of subcutaneous adipose tissue in MMA could readily be induced with small molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irini Manoli
- Metabolic Medicine Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute
| | - Justin R Sysol
- Metabolic Medicine Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute
| | | | | | - Oksana Gavrilova
- Mouse Metabolism Core, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases
| | - Melissa K Crocker
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; and
| | - Jennifer L Sloan
- Metabolic Medicine Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute
| | | | - Cindy Wang
- Metabolic Medicine Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute
| | - Yiouli P Ktena
- Metabolic Medicine Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute
| | - Sophia Mendelson
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; and
| | - Alexandra R Pass
- Metabolic Medicine Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute
| | - Patricia M Zerfas
- Office of Research Services, Division of Veterinary Resources, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Victoria Hoffmann
- Office of Research Services, Division of Veterinary Resources, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Hilary J Vernon
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Laura A Fletcher
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases
| | | | - Maria G Tsokos
- Ultrastructural Pathology Section, Center for Cancer Research; and
| | - Constantine A Stratakis
- Section on Endocrinology & Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Stephan D Voss
- Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kong Y Chen
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases
| | - Rebecca J Brown
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases
| | - Ada Hamosh
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Gerard T Berry
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Xiaoyuan Shawn Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jack A Yanovski
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; and
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Henning Y, Adam K, Gerhardt P, Begall S. Hypoxic and hypercapnic burrow conditions lead to downregulation of free triiodothyronine and hematocrit in Ansell's mole-rats (Fukomys anselli). J Comp Physiol B 2024; 194:33-40. [PMID: 38059996 PMCID: PMC10940439 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-023-01526-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
African mole-rats live in self-dug burrow systems under hypoxic and hypercapnic conditions. Adaptations to hypoxia include suppression of resting metabolic rate (RMR) and core body temperature (Tb). Because the thyroid hormones (THs) thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) are positive regulators of RMR and Tb, we hypothesized that serum TH concentrations would also be downregulated under hypoxic conditions. To test this hypothesis, we kept Ansell's mole-rats (Fukomys anselli) in terraria filled with soil in which they were allowed to construct underground burrows to achieve chronic intermittent hypoxia and hypercapnia. The animals stayed in these hypoxic and hypercapnic burrows voluntarily, although given the choice to stay aboveground. We collected blood samples before and after treatment to measure serum T4 and T3 concentrations as well as hematological parameters. The free fraction of the transcriptionally-active T3 was significantly decreased after treatment, indicating that cellular TH signaling was downregulated via peripheral mechanisms, consistent with the assumption that aerobic metabolism is downregulated under hypoxic conditions. Furthermore, we found that hematocrit and hemoglobin concentrations were also downregulated after treatment, suggesting that oxygen demand decreases under hypoxia, presumably due to the metabolic shift towards anaerobic metabolism. Taken together, we have identified a potential upstream regulator of physiological adaptations to hypoxia in these highly hypoxia-tolerant animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyuki Henning
- Institute of Physiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147, Essen, Germany.
| | - Kamilla Adam
- Department of General Zoology, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Patricia Gerhardt
- Institute of Physiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Sabine Begall
- Department of General Zoology, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ren S, Zhang L, Tang X, Zhao Y, Cheng Q, Speakman JR, Zhang Y. Temporal and spatial variations in body mass and thermogenic capacity associated with alterations in the gut microbiota and host transcriptome in mammalian herbivores. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 907:167776. [PMID: 37848151 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Most wild animals follow Bergmann's rule and grow in body size as cold stress increases. However, the underlying thermogenic strategies and their relationship with the gut microbiota have not been comprehensively elucidated. Herein, we used the plateau pikas as a model to investigate body mass, thermogenic capacity, host transcriptome, gut microbiota and metabolites collected from seven sites ranging from 3100 to 4700 m on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP) in summer and winter to test the seasonal thermogenesis strategy in small herbivorous mammals. The results showed that the increase in pika body mass with altitude followed Bergmann's rule in summer and an inverted parabolic shape was observed in winter. However, physiological parameters and transcriptome profiles indicated that the thermogenic capacity of pikas increased with altitude in summer and decreased with altitude in winter. The abundance of Firmicutes declined, whereas that of Bacteroidetes significantly increased with altitude in summer. Phenylalanine, tyrosine, and proline were enriched in summer, whereas carnitine and succinate were enriched in winter. Spearman's correlation analysis revealed significant positive correlations between Prevotella, Bacteroides, Ruminococcus, Alistipes and Akkermansia and metabolites of amino acids, pika physiological parameters, and transcriptome profiles. Moreover, metabolites of amino acids further showed significant positive correlations with pika physiological parameters and transcriptome profiles. Our study highlights that the changes in body mass and thermogenic capacity with altitude distinctly differentiate small herbivorous mammals between summer and winter on the QTP, and that the gut microbiota may regulate host thermogenesis through its metabolites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shien Ren
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China; Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Ecological Genomics, Xining 810008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Liangzhi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China; Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Ecological Genomics, Xining 810008, China
| | - Xianjiang Tang
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China; Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Ecological Genomics, Xining 810008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yaqi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China; Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Ecological Genomics, Xining 810008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qi Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China; Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Ecological Genomics, Xining 810008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - John R Speakman
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Metabolic Health, Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China; Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Yanming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China; Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Ecological Genomics, Xining 810008, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ziqubu K, Dludla PV, Mabhida SE, Jack BU, Keipert S, Jastroch M, Mazibuko-Mbeje SE. Brown adipose tissue-derived metabolites and their role in regulating metabolism. Metabolism 2024; 150:155709. [PMID: 37866810 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2023.155709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
The discovery and rejuvenation of metabolically active brown adipose tissue (BAT) in adult humans have offered a new approach to treat obesity and metabolic diseases. Beyond its accomplished role in adaptive thermogenesis, BAT secretes signaling molecules known as "batokines", which are instrumental in regulating whole-body metabolism via autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine action. In addition to the intrinsic BAT metabolite-oxidizing activity, the endocrine functions of these molecules may help to explain the association between BAT activity and a healthy systemic metabolic profile. Herein, we review the evidence that underscores the significance of BAT-derived metabolites, especially highlighting their role in controlling physiological and metabolic processes involving thermogenesis, substrate metabolism, and other essential biological processes. The conversation extends to their capacity to enhance energy expenditure and mitigate features of obesity and its related metabolic complications. Thus, metabolites derived from BAT may provide new avenues for the discovery of metabolic health-promoting drugs with far-reaching impacts. This review aims to dissect the complexities of the secretory role of BAT in modulating local and systemic metabolism in metabolic health and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khanyisani Ziqubu
- Department of Biochemistry, North-West University, Mmabatho 2745, South Africa
| | - Phiwayinkosi V Dludla
- Cochrane South Africa, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa
| | - Sihle E Mabhida
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa
| | - Babalwa U Jack
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa
| | - Susanne Keipert
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Jastroch
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hidalgo-Álvarez J, Salas-Lucia F, Vera Cruz D, Fonseca TL, Bianco AC. Localized T3 production modifies the transcriptome and promotes the hepatocyte-like lineage in iPSC-derived hepatic organoids. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e173780. [PMID: 37856222 PMCID: PMC10795825 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.173780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormone (TH) levels are low during development, and the deiodinases control TH signaling through tissue-specific activation or inactivation of TH. Here, we studied human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived (iPSC-derived) hepatic organoids and identified a robust induction of DIO2 expression (the deiodinase that activates T4 to T3) that occurs in hepatoblasts. The surge in DIO2-T3 (the deiodinase that activates thyroxine [T4] to triiodothyronine [T3]) persists until the hepatoblasts differentiate into hepatocyte- or cholangiocyte-like cells, neither of which expresses DIO2. Preventing the induction of the DIO2-T3 signaling modified the expression of key transcription factors, decreased the number of hepatocyte-like cells by ~60%, and increased the number of cholangiocyte-like cells by ~55% without affecting the growth or the size of the mature liver organoid. Physiological levels of T3 could not fully restore the transition from hepatoblasts to mature cells. This indicates that the timed surge in DIO2-T3 signaling critically determines the fate of developing human hepatoblasts and the transcriptome of the maturing hepatocytes, with physiological and clinical implications for how the liver handles energy substrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Diana Vera Cruz
- Center for Research Informatics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Tatiana L. Fonseca
- Section of Adult and Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, and
| | - Antonio C. Bianco
- Section of Adult and Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, and
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wong CP, Iwaniec UT, Turner RT. Brown adipose tissue but not tibia exhibits a dramatic response to acute reduction in environmental temperature in growing male mice. Bone Rep 2023; 19:101706. [PMID: 37637756 PMCID: PMC10448410 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2023.101706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mice are typically housed at room temperature (∼22 °C), which is well below their thermoneutral zone and results in cold stress. Chronic cold stress leads to increased adaptive thermogenesis and reductions in cancellous bone volume and bone marrow adipose tissue mass in long bones of growing mice. There is strong evidence that increased neuronal activity initiates the metabolic response of intrascapular brown adipose tissue (BAT) to cold stress, but it is less clear whether bone is regulated through a similar mechanism. Therefore, we compared the short-term response of BAT and whole tibia to a reduction in environmental temperature. To accomplish this, we transferred a group of 6-week-old male mice from 32 °C to 22 °C housing and sacrificed the mice 24 h later. Age-matched controls were maintained at 32 °C. We then evaluated expression levels of a panel of genes related to adipocyte differentiation and fat metabolism in BAT and tibia, and a panel of genes related to bone metabolism in tibia. The decrease in housing temperature resulted in changes in expression levels for 47/86 genes related to adipocyte differentiation and fat metabolism in BAT, including 9-fold and 17-fold increases in Ucp1 and Dio2, respectively. In contrast, only 1/86 genes related to adipocyte differentiation and fat metabolism and 4/84 genes related to bone metabolism were differentially expressed in tibia. These findings suggest that bone, although innervated with sensory and sympathetic neurons, does not respond as rapidly as BAT to changes in environmental temperature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carmen P. Wong
- Skeletal Biology Laboratory, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Urszula T. Iwaniec
- Skeletal Biology Laboratory, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
- Center for Healthy Aging Research, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Russell T. Turner
- Skeletal Biology Laboratory, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
- Center for Healthy Aging Research, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Jagtap U, Paul A. UCP1 activation: Hottest target in the thermogenesis pathway to treat obesity using molecules of synthetic and natural origin. Drug Discov Today 2023; 28:103717. [PMID: 37467882 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) has been discovered as a possible target for obesity treatment because of its widespread distribution in the inner mitochondrial membrane of brown adipose tissue (BAT) and high energy expenditure capabilities to burn calories as heat. UCP1 is dormant and does not produce heat without activation as it is inhibited by purine nucleotides. However, activation of UCP1 via either direct interaction with the UCP1 protein, an increase in the expression of UCP1 genes or the physiological production of fatty acids can lead to a rise in the thermogenesis phenomenon. Hence, activation of UCP1 through small molecules of synthetic and natural origin can be considered as a promising strategy to mitigate obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Utkarsh Jagtap
- Laboratory of Natural Product Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Atish Paul
- Laboratory of Natural Product Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan 333031, India.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Gou X, Qin L, Wu D, Xie J, Lu Y, Zhang Q, He Y. Research Progress of Takeda G Protein-Coupled Receptor 5 in Metabolic Syndrome. Molecules 2023; 28:5870. [PMID: 37570840 PMCID: PMC10421342 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Bile acids are acknowledged as signaling molecules involved in metabolic syndrome. The Takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5 (TGR5) functions as a significant bile acid receptor. The accumulated evidence suggests that TGR5 involves lipid homeostasis, glucose metabolism, and inflammation regulation. In line with this, recent preclinical studies also demonstrate that TGR5 plays a significant role in the generation and progression of metabolic syndrome, encompassing type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, atherosclerosis, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In this review, we discuss the role of TGR5 in metabolic syndrome, illustrating the underlying mechanisms and therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xianmei Gou
- Guizhou Engineering Research Center of Industrial Key-Technology for Dendrobium Nobile, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Lin Qin
- Guizhou Engineering Research Center of Industrial Key-Technology for Dendrobium Nobile, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Di Wu
- Guizhou Engineering Research Center of Industrial Key-Technology for Dendrobium Nobile, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Jian Xie
- Guizhou Engineering Research Center of Industrial Key-Technology for Dendrobium Nobile, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Yanliu Lu
- Guizhou Engineering Research Center of Industrial Key-Technology for Dendrobium Nobile, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Qianru Zhang
- Guizhou Engineering Research Center of Industrial Key-Technology for Dendrobium Nobile, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Yuqi He
- Guizhou Engineering Research Center of Industrial Key-Technology for Dendrobium Nobile, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Librizzi M, Naselli F, Abruscato G, Luparello C, Caradonna F. Parathyroid Hormone Related Protein (PTHrP)-Associated Molecular Signatures in Tissue Differentiation and Non-Tumoral Diseases. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:950. [PMID: 37508381 PMCID: PMC10376784 DOI: 10.3390/biology12070950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Parathyroid-hormone-related protein (PTHrP) is encoded by the PTHLH gene which, via alternative promoter usage and splicing mechanisms, can give rise to at least three isoforms of 139, 141, and 173 amino acids with distinct C-terminals. PTHrP is subjected to different post-translational processing that generates smaller bioactive forms, comprising amino terminus, mid-region (containing a nuclear/nucleolar targeting signal), and carboxy terminus peptides. Both the full-length protein and the discrete peptides are key controllers of viability, proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis in diverse normal and pathological biological systems via the reprogramming of gene expression and remodulation of PKA or PKC-mediated signalization mechanisms. The aim of this review is to pick up selected studies on PTHrP-associated signatures as revealed by molecular profiling assays, focusing on the available data about exemplary differentiating, differentiated, or nontumoral cell and tissue models. In particular, the data presented relate to adipose, bone, dental, cartilaginous, and skin tissues, as well as intestinal, renal, hepatic, pulmonary, and pancreatic epithelia, with a focus on hepatic fibrosis-, pancreatitis-, and diabetes-related changes as diseased states. When reported, the biochemical and/or physiological aspects associated with the specific molecular modulation of gene expression and signal transduction pathways in the target model systems under examination are also briefly described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariangela Librizzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università di Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Flores Naselli
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università di Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giulia Abruscato
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università di Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Claudio Luparello
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università di Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Fabio Caradonna
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università di Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Maalouf J, Pelletier A, Corona A, Gay-Quéheillard J, Bach V, de Seze R, Selmaoui B. Dose- and Time-Dependent Effects of Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Field on Adipose Tissue: Implications of Thermoregulation and Mitochondrial Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10628. [PMID: 37445806 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have shed light on the effects of low-intensity radiofrequency (RF) fields on thermoregulation and adipose tissue metabolism. The present study aims to further explore these effects by analyzing the expression of thermoregulatory genes and investigating the involvement of mitochondria in adipose tissue metabolism. Male mice (n = 36 C57BL/6J) were assigned to either exposed or control groups. The exposed groups were subjected to RF fields at 900 MHz, with specific absorption rates (SAR) of 0.1 W/kg or 0.4 W/kg, either for three or seven consecutive days. The findings indicate that RF exposure leads to changes in adipose tissue markers, with some effects being dose-dependent and time-dependent. In brown adipose tissue (BAT), after 3 days of RF exposure, thermogenesis is reduced, mitochondrial activity in BAT decreases, and an increase in gene expression, responsible for balancing the regulatory and damaging effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS), was observed. This effect was partially compensated after 7 days of exposure. In white adipose tissue (WAT), RF exposure results in reduced fatty acid oxidation, impaired energy production, and hindered adipocyte differentiation. Notably, no effects of RF on mitochondrial biogenesis in WAT were observed. These findings contribute to understanding the effects of RF exposure on adipose tissue metabolism and thermoregulation, highlighting dose-dependent and time-dependent responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Maalouf
- PériTox-Périnatalité et Risques Toxiques-UMR_I 01, Centre Universitaire de Recherche en Santé, CURS-UPJV, University of Picardy Jules Verne, CEDEX 1, 80054 Amiens, France
- Department of Experimental Toxicology and Modeling (TEAM), Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - Amandine Pelletier
- PériTox-Périnatalité et Risques Toxiques-UMR_I 01, Centre Universitaire de Recherche en Santé, CURS-UPJV, University of Picardy Jules Verne, CEDEX 1, 80054 Amiens, France
| | - Aurélie Corona
- PériTox-Périnatalité et Risques Toxiques-UMR_I 01, Centre Universitaire de Recherche en Santé, CURS-UPJV, University of Picardy Jules Verne, CEDEX 1, 80054 Amiens, France
| | - Jérôme Gay-Quéheillard
- PériTox-Périnatalité et Risques Toxiques-UMR_I 01, Centre Universitaire de Recherche en Santé, CURS-UPJV, University of Picardy Jules Verne, CEDEX 1, 80054 Amiens, France
| | - Véronique Bach
- PériTox-Périnatalité et Risques Toxiques-UMR_I 01, Centre Universitaire de Recherche en Santé, CURS-UPJV, University of Picardy Jules Verne, CEDEX 1, 80054 Amiens, France
| | - René de Seze
- PériTox-Périnatalité et Risques Toxiques-UMR_I 01, Centre Universitaire de Recherche en Santé, CURS-UPJV, University of Picardy Jules Verne, CEDEX 1, 80054 Amiens, France
- Department of Experimental Toxicology and Modeling (TEAM), Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - Brahim Selmaoui
- PériTox-Périnatalité et Risques Toxiques-UMR_I 01, Centre Universitaire de Recherche en Santé, CURS-UPJV, University of Picardy Jules Verne, CEDEX 1, 80054 Amiens, France
- Department of Experimental Toxicology and Modeling (TEAM), Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Copur S, Yavuz F, Kanbay M. Thyroid hormone Beta receptor agonists for treatment of kidney disease: A promising agent? Eur J Clin Invest 2023; 53:e13939. [PMID: 36537819 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic kidney disease is a common disorder affecting a significant portion of the adult population with high mortality and morbidity. Obesity and hyperlipidemia are prevalent in chronic kidney disease, and they may trigger fat accumulation in renal parenchyma and eventually fatty kidney. Chronic kidney disease and fatty kidney are also strongly associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Because they both lead to detrimental effects on organ function, they both need to be treated effectively to improve the outcome. AIM In this narrative review, we have hypothesized that thyroid hormone beta receptor agonists, a novel drug group, may potentially be beneficial in the management of chronic kidney disease due to its promising outcomes among patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, a condition sharing multiple common underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Thyroid hormone beta receptors are abundantly expressed in liver and kidney tissues, while both nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and chronic kidney disease share various similar pathophysiological mechanisms and triggers. Therefore, thyroid hormone beta receptor agonists may become a promising tool in the management of patients with chronic kidney disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sidar Copur
- Department of Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Furkan Yavuz
- Department of Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Kanbay
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Li X, Yao Y, Yu C, Wei T, Xi Q, Li J, Chen F, Deng ZY, Luo T. Modulation of PPARα-thermogenesis gut microbiota interactions in obese mice administrated with zingerone. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:3065-3076. [PMID: 36424723 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to uncover the potential effects of zingerone (ZIN), one of the bioactive compounds in ginger, on the development of obesity as well as the mechanisms responsible for these effects in C57BL/6J mice fed with a high-fat diet (HFD). RESULTS Supplementation with 0.2% (wt/wt) zingerone for 16 weeks significantly reduced the final body weight, liver weight, and epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT) weight without changing the food intake of the mice when compared with the HFD group. The hyperlipidemia of HFD-fed mice was ameliorated after zingerone administration, including decreased plasma triacylglycerol (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) level. The lipid content in liver was lower and the adipocyte size in eWAT and inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT) was smaller in HFD + ZIN-fed mice compared with HFD group. Zingerone also binds with nuclear hormone receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) with an optimal docking energy of -7.31 kJ/mol. Uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), PPAR-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), and PR domain containing 16 (PRDM16), the downstream genes of PPAR which are related to thermogenic function of adipocytes, were significantly increased in both brown adipose tissue (BAT) and inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT) after zingerone administration, in comparison with HFD fed mice. Zingerone intake also restructured the community composition of gut microbiota. The ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes was decreased, and the relative abundance of Akkermansia_mucinphila was increased. CONCLUSION Zingerone can attenuate obesity and related symptoms in HFD-fed mice, probably through the modulation of PPARα-thermogenesis-gut microbiota interactions. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yexuan Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Chengwei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Teng Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Qinghua Xi
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Fang Chen
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ze-Yuan Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ting Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Deng Y, Han Y, Gao S, Dong W, Yu Y. The Physiological Functions and Polymorphisms of Type II Deiodinase. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2023; 38:190-202. [PMID: 37150515 PMCID: PMC10164501 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2022.1599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Type II deiodinase (DIO2) is thought to provide triiodothyronine (T3) to the nucleus to meet intracellular needs by deiodinating the prohormone thyroxine. DIO2 is expressed widely in many tissues and plays an important role in a variety of physiological processes, such as controlling T3 content in developing tissues (e.g., bone, muscles, and skin) and the adult brain, and regulating adaptive thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT). However, the identification and cloning of DIO2 have been challenging. In recent years, several clinical investigations have focused on the Thr92Ala polymorphism, which is closely correlated with clinical syndromes such as type 2 diabetes, obesity, hypertension, and osteoarthritis. Thr92Ala-DIO2 was also found to be related to bone and neurodegenerative diseases and tumors. However, relatively few reviews have synthesized research on individual deiodinases, especially DIO2, in the past 5 years. This review summarizes current knowledge regarding the physiological functions of DIO2 in thyroid hormone signaling and adaptive thermogenesis in BAT and the brain, as well as the associations between Thr92Ala-DIO2 and bone and neurodegenerative diseases and tumors. This discussion is expected to provide insights into the physiological functions of DIO2 and the clinical syndromes associated with Thr92Ala-DIO2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Deng
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, China
| | - Yi Han
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, China
| | - Sheng Gao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Wei Dong
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Thermogenic Capacity of Human Supraclavicular Brown Fat and Cold-Stimulated Brain Glucose Metabolism. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13030387. [PMID: 36984827 PMCID: PMC10055954 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13030387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Human brain metabolism is susceptible to temperature changes. It has been suggested that the supraclavicular brown adipose tissue (BAT) protects the brain from these fluctuations by regulating heat production through the presence of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP-1). It remains unsolved whether inter-individual variation in the expression of UCP-1, which represents the thermogenic capacity of the supraclavicular BAT, is linked with brain metabolism during cold stress. Ten healthy human participants underwent 18F-FDG PET scanning of the brain under cold stimulus to determine brain glucose uptake (BGU). On a separate day, an excision biopsy of the supraclavicular fat—the fat proximal to the carotid arteries supplying the brain with warm blood—was performed to determine the mRNA expression of the thermogenic protein UCP-1. Expression of UCP-1 in supraclavicular BAT was directly related to the whole brain glucose uptake rate determined under cold stimulation (rho = 0.71, p = 0.03). In sub-compartmental brain analysis, UCP-1 expression in supraclavicular BAT was directly related to cold-stimulated glucose uptake rates in the hypothalamus, medulla, midbrain, limbic system, frontal lobe, occipital lobe, and parietal lobe (all rho ≥ 0.67, p < 0.05). These relationships were independent of body mass index and age. When analysing gene expressions of BAT secretome, we found a positive correlation between cold-stimulated BGU and DIO2. These findings provide evidence of functional links between brain metabolism under cold stimulation and UCP-1 and DIO2 expressions in BAT in humans. More research is needed to evaluate the importance of these findings in clinical outcomes, for instance, in examining the supporting role of BAT in cognitive functions under cold stress.
Collapse
|
20
|
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) displays the unique capacity to generate heat through uncoupled oxidative phosphorylation that makes it a very attractive therapeutic target for cardiometabolic diseases. Here, we review BAT cellular metabolism, its regulation by the central nervous and endocrine systems and circulating metabolites, the plausible roles of this tissue in human thermoregulation, energy balance, and cardiometabolic disorders, and the current knowledge on its pharmacological stimulation in humans. The current definition and measurement of BAT in human studies relies almost exclusively on BAT glucose uptake from positron emission tomography with 18F-fluorodeoxiglucose, which can be dissociated from BAT thermogenic activity, as for example in insulin-resistant states. The most important energy substrate for BAT thermogenesis is its intracellular fatty acid content mobilized from sympathetic stimulation of intracellular triglyceride lipolysis. This lipolytic BAT response is intertwined with that of white adipose (WAT) and other metabolic tissues, and cannot be independently stimulated with the drugs tested thus far. BAT is an interesting and biologically plausible target that has yet to be fully and selectively activated to increase the body's thermogenic response and shift energy balance. The field of human BAT research is in need of methods able to directly, specifically, and reliably measure BAT thermogenic capacity while also tracking the related thermogenic responses in WAT and other tissues. Until this is achieved, uncertainty will remain about the role played by this fascinating tissue in human cardiometabolic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- André C Carpentier
- Correspondence: André C. Carpentier, MD, Division of Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, 3001, 12th Ave N, Sherbrooke, Quebec, J1H 5N4, Canada.
| | - Denis P Blondin
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, J1H 5N4, Canada
| | | | - Denis Richard
- Centre de recherche de l’Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, G1V 4G5, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Repositioning of Cefuroxime as novel selective inhibitor of the thyroid hormone activating enzyme type 2 deiodinase. Pharmacol Res 2023; 189:106685. [PMID: 36773711 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
The iodothyronine deiodinases constitute a family of three selenoenzymes regulating the intracellular metabolism of Thyroid Hormones (THs, T4 and T3) and impacting on several physiological processes, including energy metabolism, development and cell differentiation. The type 1, 2 and 3 deiodinases (D1, D2, and D3), are sensitive, rate-limiting components within the TH axis, and rapidly control TH action in physiological conditions or disease. Notably, several human pathologies are characterized by deiodinases deregulation (e.g., inflammation, osteoporosis, metabolic syndrome, muscle wasting and cancer). Consequently, these enzymes are golden targets for the identification and development of pharmacological compounds endowed with modulatory activities. However, until now, the portfolio of inhibitors for deiodinases is limited and the few active compounds lack selectivity. Here, we describe the cephalosporin Cefuroxime as a novel D2 specific inhibitor. In both in vivo and in vitro settings, Cefuroxime acts as a selective inhibitor of D2 activity, without altering the enzymatic activity of D1 and D3. By inhibiting TH activation in target tissues, Cefuroxime alters the sensitivity of the hypothalamus-pituitary axis and interferes with the central regulation of THs levels, and is thus eligible as a potential new regulator of hyperthyroid pathologies, which affect thousands of patients worldwide.
Collapse
|
22
|
Comparative analysis of thyroid hormone systems in rodents with subterranean lifestyle. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3122. [PMID: 36813840 PMCID: PMC9946999 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30179-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
African mole-rats are subterranean rodents inhabiting underground burrows. This habitat entails risks of overheating, hypoxia, and scarce food availability. Consequently, many subterranean species have evolved low basal metabolism and low body temperature, but the regulation of these traits at the molecular level were unknown. Measurements of serum thyroid hormone (TH) concentrations in African mole-rats have revealed a unique TH phenotype, which deviates from the typical mammalian pattern. Since THs are major regulators of metabolic rate and body temperature, we further characterised the TH system of two African mole-rat species, the naked mole-rat (Heterocephalus glaber) and the Ansell's mole-rat (Fukomys anselli) at the molecular level in a comparative approach involving the house mouse (Mus musculus) as a well-studied laboratory model in TH research. Most intriguingly, both mole-rat species had low iodide levels in the thyroid and naked mole-rats showed signs of thyroid gland hyperplasia. However, contrary to expectations, we found several species-specific differences in the TH systems of both mole-rat species, although ultimately resulting in similar serum TH concentrations. These findings indicate a possible convergent adaptation. Thus, our study adds to our knowledge for understanding adaptations to the subterranean habitat.
Collapse
|
23
|
Lac M, Tavernier G, Moro C. Does housing temperature influence glucose regulation and muscle-fat crosstalk in mice? Biochimie 2023:S0300-9084(23)00028-7. [PMID: 36758717 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2023.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
The robustness of scientific results is partly based on their reproducibility. Working with animal models, particularly in the field of metabolism, requires to avoid any source of stress to rule out a maximum of bias. Housing at room temperature is sufficient to induce thermal stress activating key thermogenic organs such as brown adipose tissue (BAT) and skeletal muscle. BAT covers most of the non-shivering thermogenesis in mice and burns a variety of fuels such as glucose and lipids. A high prevalence of BAT is associated with a strong protection against type 2 diabetes risk in humans, implying that BAT plays a key role in glucose homeostasis. However, thermal stress is poorly and inconsistently considered in experimental research. This thermal stress can significantly impede interpretation of phenotypes by favoring compensatory signaling pathways. Indeed, various studies revealed that thermoneutrality is essential to study metabolism in mice in order to reach a suitable level of "humanization". In this review, we briefly discuss if and how ambient temperature influence blood glucose homeostasis through BAT and muscle-fat crosstalk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marlène Lac
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Team MetaDiab, INSERM, Paul Sabatier University, UMR1297, Toulouse, France
| | - Geneviève Tavernier
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Team MetaDiab, INSERM, Paul Sabatier University, UMR1297, Toulouse, France
| | - Cedric Moro
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Team MetaDiab, INSERM, Paul Sabatier University, UMR1297, Toulouse, France.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Qian H, Chao X, Wang S, Li Y, Jiang X, Sun Z, Rülicke T, Zatloukal K, Ni HM, Ding WX. Loss of SQSTM1/p62 Induces Obesity and Exacerbates Alcohol-Induced Liver Injury in Aged Mice. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 15:1027-1049. [PMID: 36754207 PMCID: PMC10036741 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2023.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) is a worldwide health problem, of which the effective treatment is still lacking. Both detrimental and protective roles of adipose tissue have been implicated in ALD. Although alcohol increases adipose tissue lipolysis to promote alcohol-induced liver injury, alcohol also activates brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis as an adaptive response in protecting against alcohol-induced liver injury. Moreover, aging and obesity are also risk factors for ALD. In the present study, we investigated the effects of autophagy receptor protein SQSTM1/p62 on adipose tissue and obesity in alcohol-induced liver injury in both young and aged mice. METHODS Young and aged whole-body SQSTM1/p62 knockout (KO) and their age-matched wild-type (WT) mice were subjected to chronic plus binge (Gao-binge) alcohol feeding. Blood, adipose and liver tissues were collected for biochemical and histologic analysis. RESULTS Aged but not young SQSTM1/p62 KO mice had significantly increased body weight and fat mass compared with the matched WT mice. Gao-binge alcohol feeding induced white adipose atrophy and decreased levels of SQSTM1/p62 levels in adipose tissue in aged WT mice. SQSTM1/p62 KO aged mice were resistant to Gao-binge alcohol-induced white adipose atrophy. Alcohol feeding increased the expression of thermogenic genes in WT mouse BAT, which was significantly blunted in SQSTM1/p62 KO aged mice. Alcohol-fed aged SQSTM1/p62 KO mice showed significantly higher levels of serum alanine aminotransferase, hepatic triglyceride, and inflammation compared with young and aged WT mice fed with alcohol. Alcohol-fed SQSTM1/p62 KO mice also increased secretion of proinflammatory and angiogenic adipokines that may promote alcohol-induced liver injury. CONCLUSIONS Loss of SQSTM1/p62 in aged mice leads to obesity and impairs alcohol-induced BAT adaptation, resulting in exacerbated alcohol-induced liver injury in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Qian
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Xiaojuan Chao
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Shaogui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Xiaoxiao Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Zhaoli Sun
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Thomas Rülicke
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kurt Zatloukal
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Hong-Min Ni
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Wen-Xing Ding
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Role of bile acid receptor FXR in development and function of brown adipose tissue. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2023; 1868:159257. [PMID: 36402299 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2022.159257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Bile acids act as signalling molecules that contribute to maintenance of energy homeostasis in mice and humans. Activation of G-protein-coupled bile acid receptor TGR5 induces energy expenditure in brown adipose tissue (BAT). However, a role for the nuclear bile acid receptor Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) in BAT has remained ambiguous. We aimed to study the potential role of FXR in BAT development and functioning. Here we demonstrate low yet detectable expression of the α1/2 isoforms of FXR in murine BAT that markedly decreases upon cold exposure. Moderate adipose tissue-specific FXR overexpression in mice induces pronounced BAT whitening, presenting with large intracellular lipid droplets and extracellular collagen deposition. Expression of thermogenic marker genes including the target of Tgr5, Dio2, was significantly lower in BAT of chow-fed aP2-hFXR mice compared to wild-type controls. Transcriptomic analysis revealed marked up-regulation of extracellular matrix formation and down-regulation of mitochondrial functions in BAT from aP2-hFXR mice. In addition, markers of cell type lineages deriving from the dermomyotome, such as myocytes, as well as markers of cellular senescence were strongly induced. The response to cold and β3-adrenergic receptor agonism was blunted in these mice, yet resolved BAT whitening. Newborn cholestatic Cyp2c70-/- mice with a human-like bile acid profile also showed distinct BAT whitening and upregulation of myocyte-specific genes, while thermogenic markers were down-regulated. Ucp1 expression inversely correlated with plasma bile acid levels. Therefore, bile acid signalling via FXR has a role in BAT function already early in tissue development. Functionally, FXR activation appears to oppose TGR5-mediated thermogenesis.
Collapse
|
26
|
Neto J, Romão J, Pazos-Moura C, Oliveira K. Fructose consumption induces molecular adaptations involving thyroid function and thyroid-related genes in brown adipose tissue in rats. Braz J Med Biol Res 2023; 55:e12240. [PMID: 36651452 PMCID: PMC9843734 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x2022e12240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing incidence of metabolic diseases is in part due to the high fructose consumption, a carbohydrate vastly used in industry, with a potent lipogenic capacity. Thyroid hormones (TH) are essential for metabolism regulation and are associated with changes in body weight, energy expenditure, insulin sensitivity, and dyslipidemia. This study aimed to investigate the influence of fructose intake on thyroid function and thyroid-related genes. Male Wistar rats were divided into Control (CT, n=8) and Fructose (FT - 10% in drinking water, n=8) groups for three weeks. The FT group showed higher glycemia and serum triacylglycerol, indicating metabolic disturbances, and increased thyroid mass, accompanied by higher expression of Srebf1c and Lpl, suggesting increased lipid synthesis. The FT group also presented higher expression of Tpo and Dio1 in the thyroid, suggesting activation of the thyroid gland, but with no alterations in serum TH concentrations. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) of the FT group exhibited higher expression of Dio2, Thra, and Thrb, indicating increased T3 intra-tissue bioavailability and signaling. These responses were accompanied by increased BAT mass and higher expression of Adrb3, Pparg, Srebf1c, Fasn, Ppara, and Ucp1, suggesting increased BAT adrenergic sensitivity, lipid synthesis, oxidation, and thermogenesis. Therefore, short-term fructose consumption induced thyroid molecular alterations and increased BAT expression of thyroid hormone-related signaling genes that potentially contributed to higher BAT activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J.G.O. Neto
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brasil
| | - J.S. Romão
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brasil
| | - C.C. Pazos-Moura
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - K.J. Oliveira
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Wang Y, Ma P, Wang Z, Sun M, Hou B, Xu T, Li W, Yang X, Du G, Ji T, Qiang G. Uncovering the effect and mechanism of Panax notoginseng saponins on metabolic syndrome by network pharmacology strategy. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 300:115680. [PMID: 36058479 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of disease centered on obesity, which is the result of stagnation of liver qi according to traditional Chinese medicine. Panax notoginseng is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, entering liver and stomach meridians and dissipating blood stasis, in which panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) are the main active components. However, its effects and mechanism on metabolic syndrome has not been revealed yet. AIM OF STUDY To evaluate the anti-MetS effect of PNS, including body weight and adiposity, glucose metabolism and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), as well as to explore the mechanism and signaling pathway of PNS on MetS effect. MATERIALS AND METHODS HPLC was utilized to affirm the percentages of saponins in PNS. In vivo, normal C57BL/6J mice and high-fat diet (HFD)-induced MetS mice were used to evaluate anti-MetS effect of PNS. Body weight, food and water intake were recorded. NMR imager was used for NMR imaging and lipid-water analysis. Blood glucose detection, glucose and insulin tolerance test were performed to evaluate glucose metabolism. Biochemical indexes analysis and histopathological staining were used to evaluate the effect on NAFLD. The expressions of mRNA and proteins related to thermogenesis in adipose tissue were determined using real-time PCR and Western blot. In silico, network pharmacology was utilized to predict potential mechanism. In vitro, matured 3T3-L1 adipocyte was used as subject to confirm the signaling pathway by Western blot. RESULTS We determined the content of PNS component by HPLC. In vivo, PNS could improve metabolic syndrome with weight loss, reduction of adiposity, improvement of adipose distribution, correction of glucose metabolism disorder and attenuation of NAFLD. Mechanismly, PNS boosted energy exhaustion and dramatically enhanced thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT), induced white adipose tissue (WAT) browning. In silico, utilizing network pharmacology strategy, we identified 307 candidate targets which were enriched in MAPK signaling pathway specifically in liver tissue and adipocyte. In vitro validation confirmed ERK and p38MAPK mediated anti-MetS effects of PNS, not JNK signaling pathway. CONCLUSION PNS exerted protective effect on metabolic syndrome through MAPK-mediated adipose thermogenic activation, which may serve as a prospective therapeutic drug for metabolic syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yisa Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, Beijing, 100050, China; College of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150076, China
| | - Peng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Zijing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Mingxia Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Biyu Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Tianshu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Wenlan Li
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150076, China
| | - Xiuying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Guanhua Du
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Tengfei Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Guifen Qiang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, Beijing, 100050, China.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Okada S, Isoda A, Hoshi H, Okada J, Okada K, Yamada E, Saito T, Watanabe T, Kikkawa K, Ohshima K. The ratio of free triiodothyronine to free thyroxine is regulated differently in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated and not treated with sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2023; 17:102704. [PMID: 36621107 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2022.102704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Triiodothyronine reduces sodium glucose cotransporter 2 expression in the kidney and increased glucose excretion in urine of alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Free thyroxine is also negatively associated with islet beta-cell function in euthyroid subjects. However, the influence of sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor on thyroid function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus has not been established. METHODS We investigated thyroid function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the presence or absence of sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor in a multicenter retrospective study conducted between 2019 and 2021. All participants visited the hospital monthly for type 2 diabetes mellitus treatment and plasma glucose and glycated hemoglobin level measurements. Furthermore, thyroid-stimulating hormone, free triiodothyronine, and free thyroxine levels were measured annually. RESULTS Free triiodothyronine level and the free triiodothyronine:free thyroxine ratio in the group treated with sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor were significantly higher than the levels in the group not treated with sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor. Free triiodothyronine levels in the group treated with sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor were significantly higher than the levels in the group not treated with sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor (p = 0.040). Free thyroxine levels in the group treated with sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor were significantly lower than the levels in the group not treated with sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor (p = 0.002). Thyroid-stimulating hormone levels did not differ significantly between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS Our findings show that sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor affects free triiodothyronine levels free thyroxine levels, and the free triiodothyronine:free thyroxine ratio.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuichi Okada
- Hoshi-Iin, 204-1 Nishizen-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 379-2131, Japan; Hidaka Hospital, 886 Nakao-machi, Takasaki, Gunma, 370-0001, Japan.
| | - Atsushi Isoda
- Hoshi-Iin, 204-1 Nishizen-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 379-2131, Japan
| | - Hiroto Hoshi
- Hoshi-Iin, 204-1 Nishizen-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 379-2131, Japan
| | - Junichi Okada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1301 Morris Park Ave., Price 369, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Kazuya Okada
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Gunma University, 3-39-15 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Eijiro Yamada
- Department of Medicine and Molecular Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Tsugumichi Saito
- Department of Medicine and Molecular Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Takuya Watanabe
- Endocrinology and Metabolism, Saku Central Hospital Advanced Care Center, 28-3400 Nakagomi, Saku, Nagano, 385-0051, Japan
| | - Koji Kikkawa
- Hidaka Hospital, 886 Nakao-machi, Takasaki, Gunma, 370-0001, Japan
| | - Kihachi Ohshima
- Hidaka Hospital, 886 Nakao-machi, Takasaki, Gunma, 370-0001, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
In this article, starting with the recognition that iodine is essential for normal thyroid function and is a component of thyroid hormone (TH) molecules, we discuss the many seminal observations and discoveries that have led to identification of various pathways of TH metabolism and their potential roles in TH economy and action. We then recount evidence that TH metabolism participates in maintaining the appropriate content of active hormone in a TH-responsive tissue or cell. Thus, metabolism of the TH is not merely a means by which it is degraded and eliminated from the body, but an essential component of an intricate system by which the thyroid exerts its multiple regulatory effects on almost all organs and tissues. The article ends with a summary of the current concepts and some outstanding questions that are awaiting answers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Anne Galton
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Arturo Hernandez
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
SIRT7 suppresses energy expenditure and thermogenesis by regulating brown adipose tissue functions in mice. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7439. [PMID: 36509749 PMCID: PMC9744749 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35219-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue plays a central role in the regulation of the energy balance by expending energy to produce heat. NAD+-dependent deacylase sirtuins have widely been recognized as positive regulators of brown adipose tissue thermogenesis. However, here we reveal that SIRT7, one of seven mammalian sirtuins, suppresses energy expenditure and thermogenesis by regulating brown adipose tissue functions. Whole-body and brown adipose tissue-specific Sirt7 knockout mice have higher body temperature and energy expenditure. SIRT7 deficiency increases the protein level of UCP1, a key regulator of brown adipose tissue thermogenesis. Mechanistically, we found that SIRT7 deacetylates insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding protein 2, an RNA-binding protein that inhibits the translation of Ucp1 mRNA, thereby enhancing its inhibitory action on Ucp1. Furthermore, SIRT7 attenuates the expression of batokine genes, such as fibroblast growth factor 21. In conclusion, we propose that SIRT7 serves as an energy-saving factor by suppressing brown adipose tissue functions.
Collapse
|
31
|
Selenium and selenoproteins in thermogenic adipocytes. Arch Biochem Biophys 2022; 731:109445. [PMID: 36265651 PMCID: PMC9981474 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2022.109445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is involved in energy metabolism in the liver, white adipose tissue, and skeletal muscle, and may also play a role in thermogenic adipocytes, i.e. brown and beige adipocytes. Thereby this micronutrient is a key nutritional target to aid in combating obesity and metabolic diseases. In thermogenic adipocytes, particularly in brown adipose tissue (BAT), the selenoprotein type 2 iodothyronine deiodinase (DIO2) is essential for the activation of adaptive thermogenesis. Recent evidence has suggested that additional selenoproteins may also be participating in this process, and a role for Se itself through its metabolic pathways is also envisioned. In this review, we discuss the recognized effects and the knowledge gaps in the involvement of Se metabolism and selenoproteins in the mechanisms of adaptive thermogenesis in thermogenic (brown and beige) adipocytes.
Collapse
|
32
|
Wibowo A, Hidayat T, Wahyuningrum SN. Type 2 Deiodinase A/G (Thr92Ala) Polymorphism and Circulating Thyroid Hormone Level of Childbearing Age Women in Area Replete with Iodine Deficiency Disorders. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2022.11017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Iodothyronine deiodinase (DIO) is an enzyme that regulates thyroid hormone activity. DIO consists of three types: deiodinase 1 (D1), 2 (D2), and 3 (D3). D2 is a gene that plays an important role in regulation of the biochemistry of the thyroid hormone in several tissues. D2 also plays a role in the production of triiodothyronine and controlling thyroid hormone signals. This study measured the observation that about 15% of the normal population show that D2 gene polymorphism (Thr92Ala) potentially affects the activity of D2.
AIM: This study aimed to determine D2 polymorphisms and their association with thyroid hormone levels in women of childbearing age in replete iodine deficiency disorder areas.
METHODS: Total number of subjects was 131. Analysis of serum TSH, T3, fT3, T4, and fT4 levels was done using ELISA. Polymorphism of Thr92Ala was analyzed by PCR-RFLP method.
RESULTS: The results showed that the frequencies of the genotypes Thr92Ala were AA 16.79%, AG 41.22%, and GG 41.99%, whereas the allele frequency A 37.5% and G 62.5% (p HWE = 0.171). In this study, we found no differences of TSH and thyroid hormone level between group of each allel. Mean of TSH and thyroid hormone level was on normal range.
CONCLUSION: This D2 polymorphism is associated with fT4 levels rather than fT3 but not statistically significant. Heterozygous alleles at D2 AG have higher TSH levels compared with homozygous alleles.
Collapse
|
33
|
Köhrle J, Frädrich C. Deiodinases control local cellular and systemic thyroid hormone availability. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 193:59-79. [PMID: 36206932 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Iodothyronine deiodinases (DIO) are a family of selenoproteins controlling systemic and local availability of the major thyroid hormone l-thyroxine (T4), a prohormone secreted by the thyroid gland. T4 is activated to the active 3,3'-5-triiodothyronine (T3) by two 5'-deiodinases, DIO1 and DIO2. DIO3, a 5-deiodinase selenoenzyme inactivates both the prohormone T4 and its active form T3. DIOs show species-specific different patterns of temporo-spatial expression, regulation and function and exhibit different mechanisms of reaction and inhibitor sensitivities. The main regulators of DIO expression and function are the thyroid hormone status, several growth factors, cytokines and altered pathophysiological conditions. Selenium (Se) status has a modest impact on DIO expression and translation. DIOs rank high in the priority of selenium supply to various selenoproteins; thus, their function is impaired only during severe selenium deficiency. DIO variants, polymorphisms, SNPs and rare mutations have been identified. Development of DIO isozyme selective drugs is ongoing. A first X-ray structure has been reported for DIO3. This review focusses on the biochemical characteristics and reaction mechanisms, the relationships between DIO selenoproteins and their importance for local and systemic provision of the active hormone T3. Nutritional, pharmacological, and environmental factors and inhibitors, such as endocrine disruptors, impact DIO functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Josef Köhrle
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt- Universität zu Berlin, Max Rubner Center (MRC) für Kardiovaskuläre-metabolische-renale Forschung in Berlin, Institut für Experimentelle Endokrinologie, 10115, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Caroline Frädrich
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt- Universität zu Berlin, Max Rubner Center (MRC) für Kardiovaskuläre-metabolische-renale Forschung in Berlin, Institut für Experimentelle Endokrinologie, 10115, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Luo W, Kim Y, Jensen ME, Herlea-Pana O, Wang W, Rudolph MC, Friedman JE, Chernausek SD, Jiang S. miR-130b/301b Is a Negative Regulator of Beige Adipogenesis and Energy Metabolism In Vitro and In Vivo. Diabetes 2022; 71:2360-2371. [PMID: 36001751 PMCID: PMC9630090 DOI: 10.2337/db22-0205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Thermogenic brown or beige adipocytes dissipate energy in the form of heat and thereby counteract obesity and related metabolic complications. The miRNA cluster miR-130b/301b is highly expressed in adipose tissues and has been implicated in metabolic diseases as a posttranscriptional regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis and lipid metabolism. We investigated the roles of miR-130b/301b in regulating beige adipogenesis in vivo and in vitro. miR-130b/301b declined in adipose progenitor cells during beige adipogenesis, while forced overexpression of miR-130b-3p or miR-301b-3p suppressed uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) and mitochondrial respiration, suggesting that a decline in miR-130b-3p or miR-301b-3p is required for adipocyte precursors to develop the beige phenotype. Mechanistically, miR-130b/301b directly targeted AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPKα1) and suppressed peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (Pgc-1α), key regulators of brown adipogenesis and mitochondrial biogenesis. Mice lacking the miR-130b/301b miRNA cluster showed reduced visceral adiposity and less weight gain. miR-130b/301b null mice exhibited improved glucose tolerance, increased UCP1 and AMPK activation in subcutaneous fat (inguinal white adipose tissue [iWAT]), and increased response to cold-induced energy expenditure. Together, these data identify the miR-130b/301b cluster as a new regulator that suppresses beige adipogenesis involving PGC-1α and AMPK signaling in iWAT and is therefore a potential therapeutic target against obesity and related metabolic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenyi Luo
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Youngsil Kim
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Mary Ellen Jensen
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Oana Herlea-Pana
- Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Weidong Wang
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
- Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Michael C. Rudolph
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Jacob E. Friedman
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Steven D. Chernausek
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
- Section of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Shaoning Jiang
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
- Section of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Cootes TA, Bhattacharyya ND, Huang SS, Daniel L, Bell-Anderson KS, Stifter SA, Chew T, Solon-Biet SM, Saraiva LR, Cai Y, Chen X, Simpson SJ, Feng CG. The quality of energy- and macronutrient-balanced diets regulates host susceptibility to influenza in mice. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111638. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
|
36
|
Zhang X, Jamwal K, Distl O. Tracking footprints of artificial and natural selection signatures in breeding and non-breeding cats. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18061. [PMID: 36302822 PMCID: PMC9613910 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22155-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Stray non-breeding cats (stray) represent the largest heterogeneous cat population subject to natural selection, while populations of the Siamese (SIAM) and Oriental Shorthair (OSH) breeds developed through intensive artificial selection for aesthetic traits. Runs of homozygosity (ROH) and demographic measures are useful tools to discover chromosomal regions of recent selection and to characterize genetic diversity in domestic cat populations. To achieve this, we genotyped 150 stray and 26 household non-breeding cats (household) on the Illumina feline 63 K SNP BeadChip and compared them to SIAM and OSH. The 50% decay value of squared correlation coefficients (r2) in stray (0.23), household (0.25), OSH (0.24) and SIAM (0.25) corresponded to a mean marker distance of 1.12 Kb, 4.55 Kb, 62.50 Kb and 175.07 Kb, respectively. The effective population size (Ne) decreased in the current generation to 55 in stray, 11 in household, 9 in OSH and 7 in SIAM. In the recent generation, the increase in inbreeding per generation (ΔF) reached its maximum values of 0.0090, 0.0443, 0.0561 and 0.0710 in stray, household, OSH and SIAM, respectively. The genomic inbreeding coefficient (FROH) based on ROH was calculated for three length categories. The FROH was between 0.014 (FROH60) and 0.020 (FROH5) for stray, between 0.018 (FROH60) and 0.024 (FROH5) for household, between 0.048 (FROH60) and 0.069 (FROH5) for OSH and between 0.053 (FROH60) and 0.073 (FROH5) for SIAM. We identified nine unique selective regions for stray through genome-wide analyses for regions with reduced heterozygosity based on FST statistics. Genes in these regions have previously been associated with reproduction (BUB1B), motor/neurological behavior (GPHN, GABRB3), cold-induced thermogenesis (DIO2, TSHR), immune system development (TSHR), viral carcinogenesis (GTF2A1), host immune response against bacteria, viruses, chemoattractant and cancer cells (PLCB2, BAHD1, TIGAR), and lifespan and aging (BUB1B, FGF23). In addition, we identified twelve unique selective regions for OSH containing candidate genes for a wide range of coat colors and patterns (ADAMTS20, KITLG, TYR, TYRO3-a MITF regulator, GPNMB, FGF7, RAB38) as well as congenital heart defects (PDE4D, PKP2) and gastrointestinal disorders (NLGN1, ALDH1B1). Genes in stray that represent unique selective events indicate, at least in part, natural selection for environmental adaptation and resistance to infectious disease, and should be the subject of future research. Stray cats represent an important genetic resource and have the potential to become a research model for disease resistance and longevity, which is why we recommend preserving semen before neutering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuying Zhang
- grid.412970.90000 0001 0126 6191Institute for Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Kokila Jamwal
- grid.412970.90000 0001 0126 6191Institute for Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ottmar Distl
- grid.412970.90000 0001 0126 6191Institute for Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
RNAseq Analysis of Brown Adipose Tissue and Thyroid of Newborn Lambs Subjected to Short-Term Cold Exposure Reveals Signs of Early Whitening of Adipose Tissue. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12100996. [PMID: 36295898 PMCID: PMC9607389 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12100996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
During the early postnatal period, lambs have the ability to thermoregulate body temperature via non-shivering thermogenesis through brown adipose tissue (BAT), which soon after birth begins to transform into white adipose tissue. An RNA seq approach was used to characterize the transcriptome of BAT and thyroid tissue in newborn lambs exposed to cold conditions. Fifteen newborn Romney lambs were selected and divided into three groups: group 1 (n = 3) was a control, and groups 2 and 3 (n = 6 each) were kept indoors for two days at an ambient temperature (20–22 °C) or at a cold temperature (4 °C), respectively. Sequencing was performed using a paired-end strategy through the BGISEQ-500 platform, followed by the identification of differentially expressed genes using DESeq2 and an enrichment analysis by g:Profiler. This study provides an in-depth expression network of the main characters involved in the thermogenesis and fat-whitening mechanisms that take place in the newborn lamb. Data revealed no significant differential expression of key thermogenic factors such as uncoupling protein 1, suggesting that the heat production peak under cold exposure might occur so rapidly and in such an immediate way that it may seem undetectable in BAT by day three of life. Moreover, these changes in expression might indicate the start of the whitening process of the adipose tissue, concluding the non-shivering thermogenesis period.
Collapse
|
38
|
Huang YC, Combs GF, Wu TL, Zeng H, Cheng WH. Selenium status and type 2 diabetes risk. Arch Biochem Biophys 2022; 730:109400. [PMID: 36122760 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2022.109400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Optimal selenium (Se) status is necessary for overall health. That status can be affected by food intake pattern, age, sex, and health status. At nutritional levels of intake, Se functions metabolically as an essential constituent of some two dozen selenoproteins, most, if not all, of which have redox functions. Insufficient dietary intake of Se reduces, to varying degrees, the expression of these selenoproteins. Recent clinical and animal studies have indicated that both insufficient and excessive Se intakes may increase risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D), perhaps by way of selenoprotein actions. In this review, we discuss the current evidence linking Se status and T2D risk, and the roles of 14 selenoproteins and other proteins involved in selenoprotein biosynthesis. Understanding such results can inform the setting of safe and adequate Se intakes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Chen Huang
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Health Promotion, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Gerald F Combs
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tung-Lung Wu
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Huawei Zeng
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - Wen-Hsing Cheng
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Health Promotion, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Anhê GF, Bordin S. The adaptation of maternal energy metabolism to lactation and its underlying mechanisms. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2022; 553:111697. [PMID: 35690287 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2022.111697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Maternal energy metabolism undergoes a singular adaptation during lactation that allows for the caloric enrichment of milk. Changes in the mammary gland, changes in the white adipose tissue, brown adipose tissue, liver, skeletal muscles and endocrine pancreas are pivotal for this adaptation. The present review details the landmark studies describing the enzymatic modulation and the endocrine signals behind these metabolic changes. We will also update this perspective with data from recent studies showing transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms that mediate the adaptation of the maternal metabolism to lactation. The present text will also bring experimental and observational data that describe the long-term consequences that short periods of lactation impose to maternal metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Forato Anhê
- Department of Translational Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.
| | - Silvana Bordin
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Li P, Song R, Du Y, Liu H, Li X. Adtrp regulates thermogenic activity of adipose tissue via mediating the secretion of S100b. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:407. [PMID: 35804197 PMCID: PMC11072551 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04441-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Brown and beige adipose tissues dissipate chemical energy in the form of heat to maintain your body temperature in cold conditions. The impaired function of these tissues results in various metabolic diseases in humans and mice. By bioinformatical analyses, we identified a functional thermogenic regulator of adipose tissue, Androgen-dependent tissue factor pathway inhibitor [TFPI]-regulating protein (Adtrp), which was significantly overexpressed in and functionally activated the mature brown/beige adipocytes. Hereby, we knocked out Adtrp in mice which led to multiple abnormalities in thermogenesis, metabolism, and maturation of brown/beige adipocytes causing excess lipid accumulation in brown adipose tissue (BAT) and cold intolerance. The capability of thermogenesis in brown/beige adipose tissues could be recovered in Adtrp KO mice upon direct β3-adrenergic receptor (β3-AR) stimulation by CL316,243 treatment. Our mechanistic studies revealed that Adtrp by binding to S100 calcium-binding protein b (S100b) indirectly mediated the secretion of S100b, which in turn promoted the β3-AR mediated thermogenesis via sympathetic innervation. These results may provide a novel insight into Adtrp in metabolism via regulating the differentiation and thermogenesis of adipose tissues in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Runjie Song
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yaqi Du
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Huijiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiangdong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
- Department of Reproduction and Gynecological Endocrinology, Medical University of Bialystok, Białystok, Poland.
- Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
van Rosmalen L, Riedstra B, Beemster N, Dijkstra C, Hut RA. Differential temperature effects on photoperiodism in female voles: A possible explanation for declines in vole populations. Mol Ecol 2022; 31:3360-3373. [PMID: 35398940 PMCID: PMC9325516 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Many mammalian species use photoperiod as a predictive cue to time seasonal reproduction. In addition, metabolic effects on the reproductive axis may also influence seasonal timing, especially in female small, short-lived mammals. To get a better understanding of how annual cycling environmental cues impact reproductive function and plasticity in small, short-lived herbivores with different geographic origins, we investigated the mechanisms underlying integration of temperature in the photoperiodic-axis regulating female reproduction in a Northern vole species (tundra vole, Microtus oeconomus) and in a Southern vole species (common vole, Microtus arvalis). We show that photoperiod and temperature interact to determine appropriate physiological responses; there is species-dependent annual variation in the sensitivity to temperature for reproductive organ development. In common voles, temperature can overrule photoperiodical spring-programmed responses, with reproductive organ mass being higher at 10°C than at 21°C, whereas in autumn they are less sensitive to temperature. These findings are in line with our census data, showing an earlier onset of spring reproduction in cold springs, while reproductive offset in autumn is synchronized to photoperiod. The reproductive organs of tundra voles were relatively insensitive to temperature, whereas hypothalamic gene expression was generally upregulated at 10°C. Thus, both vole species use photoperiod, whereas only common voles use temperature as a cue to control spring reproduction, which indicates species-specific reproductive strategies. Due to global warming, spring reproduction in common voles will be delayed, perhaps resulting in shorter breeding seasons and thus declining populations, as observed throughout Europe.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura van Rosmalen
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life SciencesUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
- Present address:
Salk Institute for Biological StudiesLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Bernd Riedstra
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life SciencesUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Nico Beemster
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life SciencesUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
- Present address:
Altenburg & Wymenga Ecological ConsultantsFeanwâldenThe Netherlands
| | - Cor Dijkstra
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life SciencesUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Roelof A. Hut
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life SciencesUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Fonseca TL, Russo SC, Luongo C, Salvatore D, Bianco AC. Inactivation of Type 3 Deiodinase Results in Life-long Changes in the Brown Adipose Tissue Transcriptome in the Male Mouse. Endocrinology 2022; 163:bqac026. [PMID: 35238380 PMCID: PMC8988869 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqac026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Adaptive thermogenesis in small mammals and infants takes place in brown adipose tissue (BAT). Heat is produced via uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1)-mediated uncoupling between oxidation of energy substrates and adenosine 5'-triphosphate synthesis. Thyroid hormone (TH) signaling plays a role in this process. The deiodinases activate thyroxine (T4) to 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3) (D2) or inactivate T4 and T3 to 3,3,5'-triiodothyronine and T2 (D3), respectively. Using a mouse model with selective inactivation of Dio3 in BAT (flox-Dio3 × UCP1-cre = BAT-D3KO), we now show that knocking out D3 resulted in premature exposure of developing brown adipocytes (embryonic days 16.5-18.5) to T3 signaling, leading to an earlier expression of key BAT genes, including Cidea, Cox8b, Dio2, Ucp1, and Pgc1α. Adult BAT-D3KO mice exhibited increased expression of 1591 genes as assessed by RNA sequencing, including 19 gene sets related to mitochondria, 8 related to fat, and 8 related to glucose homeostasis. The expression of 243 genes was changed by more than 1.5-fold, 36 of which play a role in metabolic/thermogenic processes. BAT-D3KO mice weigh less and exhibit smaller white adipocyte area, but maintain normal energy expenditure at room temperature (22 °C) and in the cold (4 °C). They also defend their core temperature more effectively and do not lose as much body weight when exposed to cold. We conclude that the coordinated actions of Dio3 in the embryonic BAT define the timing and intensity of T3 signaling during brown adipogenesis. Enhanced T3 signaling during BAT embryogenesis (Dio3 inactivation) results in selective life-long modifications in the BAT transcriptome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana L Fonseca
- Section of Adult and Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Samuel C Russo
- Section of Adult and Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Cristina Luongo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Domenico Salvatore
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Antonio C Bianco
- Section of Adult and Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Kastrenopoulou A, Kypreos KE, Papachristou NI, Georgopoulos S, Mastora I, Papadimitriou-Olivgeri I, Spentzopoulou A, Nikitovic D, Kontogeorgakos V, Blair HC, Papachristou DJ. ApoA1 Deficiency Reshapes the Phenotypic and Molecular Characteristics of Bone Marrow Adipocytes in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:4834. [PMID: 35563223 PMCID: PMC9100701 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we studied the effect of apolipoprotein A-1 (APOA1) on the spatial and molecular characteristics of bone marrow adipocytes, using well-characterized ApoA1 knockout mice. APOA1 is a central regulator of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) metabolism, and thus HDL; our recent work showed that deficiency of APOA1 increases bone marrow adiposity in mice. We found that ApoA1 deficient mice have greatly elevated adipocytes within their bone marrow compared to wild type counterparts. Morphologically, the increased adipocytes were similar to white adipocytes, and displayed proximal tibial-end localization. Marrow adipocytes from wild type mice were significantly fewer and did not display a bone-end distribution pattern. The mRNA levels of the brown/beige adipocyte-specific markers Ucp1, Dio2, Pat2, and Pgc1a; and the expression of leptin were greatly reduced in the ApoA1 knock-out in comparison to the wild-type mice. In the knock-out mice, adiponectin was remarkably elevated. In keeping with the close ties of hematopoietic stem cells and marrow adipocytes, using flow cytometry we found that the elevated adiposity in the ApoA1 knockout mice is associated with a significant reduction in the compartments of hematopoietic stem cells and common myeloid, but not of the common lymphoid, progenitors. Moreover, the 'beiging'-related marker osteopontin and the angiogenic factor VEGF were also reduced in the ApoA1 knock-out mice, further supporting the notion that APOA1-and most probably HDL-C-regulate bone marrow microenvironment, favoring beige/brown adipocyte characteristics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Afroditi Kastrenopoulou
- Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Studies, Department of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, Unit of Bone and Soft Tissue Studies, School of Medical, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (A.K.); (N.I.P.); (S.G.); (I.M.); (I.P.-O.); (A.S.)
| | - Kyriakos E. Kypreos
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece;
| | - Nicholaos I. Papachristou
- Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Studies, Department of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, Unit of Bone and Soft Tissue Studies, School of Medical, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (A.K.); (N.I.P.); (S.G.); (I.M.); (I.P.-O.); (A.S.)
| | - Stavros Georgopoulos
- Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Studies, Department of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, Unit of Bone and Soft Tissue Studies, School of Medical, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (A.K.); (N.I.P.); (S.G.); (I.M.); (I.P.-O.); (A.S.)
| | - Ioulia Mastora
- Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Studies, Department of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, Unit of Bone and Soft Tissue Studies, School of Medical, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (A.K.); (N.I.P.); (S.G.); (I.M.); (I.P.-O.); (A.S.)
| | - Ioanna Papadimitriou-Olivgeri
- Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Studies, Department of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, Unit of Bone and Soft Tissue Studies, School of Medical, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (A.K.); (N.I.P.); (S.G.); (I.M.); (I.P.-O.); (A.S.)
| | - Argyro Spentzopoulou
- Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Studies, Department of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, Unit of Bone and Soft Tissue Studies, School of Medical, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (A.K.); (N.I.P.); (S.G.); (I.M.); (I.P.-O.); (A.S.)
| | - Dragana Nikitovic
- Laboratory of Department of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, School of Medical, University of Crete, 71110 Heraklion, Greece;
| | - Vassilios Kontogeorgakos
- Department of Orthopeadic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Harry C. Blair
- Pittsburgh VA Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Dionysios J. Papachristou
- Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Studies, Department of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, Unit of Bone and Soft Tissue Studies, School of Medical, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (A.K.); (N.I.P.); (S.G.); (I.M.); (I.P.-O.); (A.S.)
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Interplay between Fatty Acid Binding Protein 4, Fetuin-A, Retinol Binding Protein 4 and Thyroid Function in Metabolic Dysregulation. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12040300. [PMID: 35448487 PMCID: PMC9026429 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12040300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Signalling between the tissues integrating synthesis, transformation and utilization of energy substrates and their regulatory hormonal axes play a substantial role in the development of metabolic disorders. Interactions between cytokines, particularly liver derived hepatokines and adipokines, secreted from adipose tissue, constitute one of major areas of current research devoted to metabolic dysregulation. The thyroid exerts crucial influence on the maintenance of basal metabolic rate, thermogenesis, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, while its dysfunction promotes the development of metabolic disorders. In this review, we discuss the interplay between three adipokines: fatty acid binding protein type 4, fetuin-A, retinol binding protein type 4 and thyroid hormones, that shed a new light onto mechanisms underlying atherosclerosis, cardiovascular complications, obesity, insulin resistance and diabetes accompanying thyroid dysfunction. Furthermore, we summarize clinical findings on those cytokines in the course of thyroid disorders.
Collapse
|
45
|
Cicatiello AG, Sagliocchi S, Nappi A, Di Cicco E, Miro C, Murolo M, Stornaiuolo M, Dentice M. Thyroid hormone regulates glutamine metabolism and anaplerotic fluxes by inducing mitochondrial glutamate aminotransferase GPT2. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110409. [PMID: 35196498 PMCID: PMC8889437 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormones (THs) are key metabolic regulators coordinating short- and long-term energy needs. In skeletal muscle, THs modulate energy metabolism in pathophysiological conditions. Indeed, hypo- and hyperthyroidism are leading causes of muscle weakness and strength; however, the metabolic pathways underlying these effects are still poorly understood. Using molecular, biochemical, and isotope-tracing approaches combined with mass spectrometry and denervation experiments, we find that THs regulate glutamine metabolism and anaplerotic fluxes by up-regulating the glutamate pyruvate transaminase 2 (GPT2) gene. In humans, GPT2 autosomal recessive mutations cause a neurological syndrome characterized by intellectual disability, microcephaly, and progressive motor symptoms. Here, we demonstrate a role of the TH/GPT2 axis in skeletal muscle in which it regulates muscle weight and fiber diameter in resting and atrophic conditions and results in protection from muscle loss during atrophy. These results describe an anabolic route by which THs rewire glutamine metabolism toward the maintenance of muscle mass. THs induce the expression of the mitochondrial GPT2 gene in skeletal muscle The GPT2 up-regulation by THs enhances anaplerotic cycles and α-KG production GPT2 is reduced during muscle atrophy and is reactivated by THs treatment GPT2 KO+/– mice undergo muscle loss that is partially attenuated by THs
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Serena Sagliocchi
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, NA 80138 Italy
| | - Annarita Nappi
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, NA 80138 Italy
| | - Emery Di Cicco
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, NA 80138 Italy
| | - Caterina Miro
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, NA 80138 Italy
| | - Melania Murolo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, NA 80138 Italy
| | - Mariano Stornaiuolo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, NA 80138 Italy
| | - Monica Dentice
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, NA 80138 Italy; CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate Scarl, Naples, NA 80131, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Maushart CI, Senn JR, Loeliger RC, Siegenthaler J, Bur F, Fischer JGW, Betz MJ. Resting Energy Expenditure and Cold-induced Thermogenesis in Patients With Overt Hyperthyroidism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:450-461. [PMID: 34570185 PMCID: PMC8764338 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Thyroid hormone (TH) is crucial for the adaptation to cold. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of hyperthyroidism on resting energy expenditure (REE), cold-induced thermogenesis (CIT) and changes in body composition and weight. METHODS This was a prospective cohort study at the endocrine outpatient clinic of a tertiary referral center. Eighteen patients with overt hyperthyroidism were included. We measured REE during hyperthyroidism, after restoring euthyroid TH levels and after 3 months of normal thyroid function. In 14 of the 18 patients, energy expenditure (EE) was measured before and after a mild cold exposure of 2 hours and CIT was the difference between EEcold and EEwarm. Skin temperatures at 8 positions were recorded during the study visits. Body composition was assessed by dual X-ray absorption. RESULTS Free thyroxine (fT4) and free triiodothyronine (fT3) decreased significantly over time (fT4, P = .0003; fT3, P = .0001). REE corrected for lean body mass (LBM) decreased from 42 ± 6.7 kcal/24 hour/kg LBM in the hyperthyroid to 33 ± 4.4 kcal/24 hour/kg LBM (-21%, P < .0001 vs hyperthyroid) in the euthyroid state and 3 months later to 33 ± 5.2 kcal/24 hour/kg LBM (-21%, P = .0022 vs hyperthyroid, overall P < .0001). fT4 (P = .0001) and fT3 (P < 0.0001) were predictors of REE. CIT did not change from the hyperthyroid to the euthyroid state (P = .96). Hyperthyroidism led to increased skin temperature at warm ambient conditions but did not alter core body temperature, nor skin temperature after cold exposure. Weight regain and body composition were not influenced by REE and CIT during the hyperthyroid state. CONCLUSION CIT is not increased in patients with overt hyperthyroidism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia I Maushart
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Petersgraben 4, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jaël R Senn
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Petersgraben 4, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rahel C Loeliger
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Petersgraben 4, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Judith Siegenthaler
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Petersgraben 4, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Fabienne Bur
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Petersgraben 4, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jonas G W Fischer
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Petersgraben 4, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Matthias J Betz
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Petersgraben 4, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland
- Correspondence: Matthias Betz, Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, Petersgraben 4, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Pinckard KM, Stanford KI. The Heartwarming Effect of Brown Adipose Tissue. Mol Pharmacol 2021; 102:460-471. [PMID: 34933905 PMCID: PMC9341250 DOI: 10.1124/molpharm.121.000328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a metabolically active tissue that improves glucose metabolism and protects against the development of type 2 diabetes and obesity. However, the role of BAT to improve cardiovascular health has only recently been investigated. In this review, we discuss multiple mechanisms through which both the thermogenic and endocrine functions of BAT mediate cardiac health. β-adrenergic stimulation activates the thermogenic function of BAT, resulting in reduced circulating lipids and glucose, and enhanced clearance of hepatic cholesterol-enriched remnants leading to reduced atherosclerotic region size. Additionally, the thermogenic role of BAT has been implicated in activation of the protein kinase B-extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 pathway after myocardial infarction (MI), contributing to reduced injury size. The endocrine function of BAT has also been implicated to improve both systemic metabolic health and cardiac health. Specifically, the batokines fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) and 12,13-diHOME improve cardiovascular health via reduced hypertension, hypertrophy and MI injury size (FGF21) or by directly improving cardiac function via calcium cycling (12,13-diHOME). Finally, we discuss relevant pharmacological treatment methods currently aiming to activate BAT, typically through sympathetic activation.
Collapse
|
48
|
Seale LA, Gilman CL, Zavacki AM, Larsen PR, Inokuchi M, Breves JP, Seale AP. Regulation of thyroid hormones and branchial iodothyronine deiodinases during freshwater acclimation in tilapia. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 538:111450. [PMID: 34506867 PMCID: PMC8551029 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Euryhaline fishes are capable of maintaining osmotic homeostasis in a wide range of environmental salinities. Several pleiotropic hormones, including prolactin, growth hormone, and thyroid hormones (THs) are mediators of salinity acclimation. It is unclear, however, the extent to which THs and the pituitary-thyroid axis promote the adaptive responses of key osmoregulatory organs to freshwater (FW) environments. In the current study, we characterized circulating thyroxine (T4) and 3-3'-5-triiodothyronine (T3) levels in parallel with the outer ring deiodination (ORD) activities of deiodinases (dios) and mRNA expression of dio1, dio2, and dio3 in gill during the acclimation of Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) to FW. Tilapia transferred from seawater (SW) to FW exhibited reduced plasma T4 and T3 levels at 6 h. These reductions coincided with an increase in branchial dio2-like activity and decreased branchial dio1 gene expression. To assess whether dios respond to osmotic conditions and/or systemic signals, gill filaments were exposed to osmolalities ranging from 280 to 450 mOsm/kg in an in vitro incubation system. Gene expression of branchial dio1, dio2, and dio3 was not directly affected by extracellular osmotic conditions. Lastly, we observed that dio1 and dio2 expression was stimulated by thyroid-stimulating hormone in hypophysectomized tilapia, suggesting that branchial TH metabolism is regulated by systemic signals. Our collective findings suggest that THs are involved in the FW acclimation of Mozambique tilapia through their interactions with branchial deiodinases that modulate their activities in a key osmoregulatory organ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucia A Seale
- Pacific Biosciences Research Center, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, 1933 East-West Road, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA
| | - Christy L Gilman
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, 651 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
| | - Ann Marie Zavacki
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - P Reed Larsen
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mayu Inokuchi
- Department of Aquatic Bioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Jason P Breves
- Department of Biology, Skidmore College, 815 N. Broadway, Saratoga Springs, NY, 12866, USA
| | - Andre P Seale
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, 1955 East-West Road, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Tournissac M, Leclerc M, Valentin-Escalera J, Vandal M, Bosoi CR, Planel E, Calon F. Metabolic determinants of Alzheimer's disease: A focus on thermoregulation. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 72:101462. [PMID: 34534683 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex age-related neurodegenerative disease, associated with central and peripheral metabolic anomalies, such as impaired glucose utilization and insulin resistance. These observations led to a considerable interest not only in lifestyle-related interventions, but also in repurposing insulin and other anti-diabetic drugs to prevent or treat dementia. Body temperature is the oldest known metabolic readout and mechanisms underlying its maintenance fail in the elderly, when the incidence of AD rises. This raises the possibility that an age-associated thermoregulatory deficit contributes to energy failure underlying AD pathogenesis. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) plays a central role in thermogenesis and maintenance of body temperature. In recent years, the modulation of BAT activity has been increasingly demonstrated to regulate energy expenditure, insulin sensitivity and glucose utilization, which could also provide benefits for AD. Here, we review the evidence linking thermoregulation, BAT and insulin-related metabolic defects with AD, and we propose mechanisms through which correcting thermoregulatory impairments could slow the progression and delay the onset of AD.
Collapse
|
50
|
Snyder MM, Yue F, Zhang L, Shang R, Qiu J, Chen J, Kim KH, Peng Y, Oprescu SN, Donkin SS, Bi P, Kuang S. LETMD1 is required for mitochondrial structure and thermogenic function of brown adipocytes. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21965. [PMID: 34669999 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100597r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and metabolic disorders caused by energy surplus pose an increasing concern within the global population. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) dissipates energy through mitochondrial non-shivering thermogenesis, thus representing a powerful agent against obesity. Here we explore the novel role of a mitochondrial outer membrane protein, LETM1-domain containing 1 (LETMD1), in BAT. We generated a knockout (Letmd1KO ) mouse model and analyzed BAT morphology, function and gene expression under various physiological conditions. While the Letmd1KO mice are born normally and have normal morphology and body weight, they lose multilocular brown adipocytes completely and have diminished mitochondrial abundance, DNA copy number, cristae structure, and thermogenic gene expression in the intrascapular BAT, associated with elevated reactive oxidative stress. In consequence, the Letmd1KO mice fail to maintain body temperature in response to acute cold exposure without food and become hypothermic within 4 h. Although the cold-exposed Letmd1KO mice can maintain body temperature in the presence of food, they cannot upregulate expression of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) and convert white to beige adipocytes, nor can they respond to adrenergic stimulation. These results demonstrate that LETMD1 is essential for mitochondrial structure and function, and thermogenesis of brown adipocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madigan M Snyder
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Feng Yue
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Lijia Zhang
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Renjie Shang
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Jiamin Qiu
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Jingjuan Chen
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Kun Ho Kim
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Ying Peng
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Stephanie N Oprescu
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Shawn S Donkin
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Pengpeng Bi
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Shihuan Kuang
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
- Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| |
Collapse
|