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Getz GS, Reardon CA. Insights from Murine Studies on the Site Specificity of Atherosclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6375. [PMID: 38928086 PMCID: PMC11204064 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory reaction that develops at specific regions within the artery wall and at specific sites of the arterial tree over a varying time frame in response to a variety of risk factors. The mechanisms that account for the interaction of systemic factors and atherosclerosis-susceptible regions of the arterial tree to mediate this site-specific development of atherosclerosis are not clear. The dynamics of blood flow has a major influence on where in the arterial tree atherosclerosis develops, priming the site for interactions with atherosclerotic risk factors and inducing cellular and molecular participants in atherogenesis. But how this accounts for lesion development at various locations along the vascular tree across differing time frames still requires additional study. Currently, murine models are favored for the experimental study of atherogenesis and provide the most insight into the mechanisms that may contribute to the development of atherosclerosis. Based largely on these studies, in this review, we discuss the role of hemodynamic shear stress, SR-B1, and other factors that may contribute to the site-specific development of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Godfrey S. Getz
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA;
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Zhang T, Pang C, Xu M, Zhao Q, Hu Z, Jiang X, Guo M. The role of immune system in atherosclerosis: Molecular mechanisms, controversies, and future possibilities. Hum Immunol 2024; 85:110765. [PMID: 38369442 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2024.110765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Numerous cardiovascular disorders have atherosclerosis as their pathological underpinning. Numerous studies have demonstrated that, with the aid of pattern recognition receptors, cytokines, and immunoglobulins, innate immunity, represented by monocytes/macrophages, and adaptive immunity, primarily T/B cells, play a critical role in controlling inflammation and abnormal lipid metabolism in atherosclerosis. Additionally, the finding of numerous complement components in atherosclerotic plaques suggests yet again how heavily the immune system controls atherosclerosis. Therefore, it is essential to have a thorough grasp of how the immune system contributes to atherosclerosis. The specific molecular mechanisms involved in the activation of immune cells and immune molecules in atherosclerosis, the controversy surrounding some immune cells in atherosclerosis, and the limitations of extrapolating from relevant animal models to humans were all carefully reviewed in this review from the three perspectives of innate immunity, adaptive immunity, and complement system. This could provide fresh possibilities for atherosclerosis research and treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianle Zhang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Chenxu Pang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Mengxin Xu
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Qianqian Zhao
- School of Medical Technology, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Zhijie Hu
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Xijuan Jiang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, PR China.
| | - Maojuan Guo
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, PR China.
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Curaj A, Vanholder R, Loscalzo J, Quach K, Wu Z, Jankowski V, Jankowski J. Cardiovascular Consequences of Uremic Metabolites: an Overview of the Involved Signaling Pathways. Circ Res 2024; 134:592-613. [PMID: 38422175 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.123.324001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
The crosstalk of the heart with distant organs such as the lung, liver, gut, and kidney has been intensively approached lately. The kidney is involved in (1) the production of systemic relevant products, such as renin, as part of the most essential vasoregulatory system of the human body, and (2) in the clearance of metabolites with systemic and organ effects. Metabolic residue accumulation during kidney dysfunction is known to determine cardiovascular pathologies such as endothelial activation/dysfunction, atherosclerosis, cardiomyocyte apoptosis, cardiac fibrosis, and vascular and valvular calcification, leading to hypertension, arrhythmias, myocardial infarction, and cardiomyopathies. However, this review offers an overview of the uremic metabolites and details their signaling pathways involved in cardiorenal syndrome and the development of heart failure. A holistic view of the metabolites, but more importantly, an exhaustive crosstalk of their known signaling pathways, is important for depicting new therapeutic strategies in the cardiovascular field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelina Curaj
- Institute of Molecular Cardiovascular Research, RWTH Aachen University, Germany (A.C., K.Q., Z.W., V.J., J.J.)
| | - Raymond Vanholder
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Nephrology Section, University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium (R.V.)
| | - Joseph Loscalzo
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (J.L.)
| | - Kaiseng Quach
- Institute of Molecular Cardiovascular Research, RWTH Aachen University, Germany (A.C., K.Q., Z.W., V.J., J.J.)
| | - Zhuojun Wu
- Institute of Molecular Cardiovascular Research, RWTH Aachen University, Germany (A.C., K.Q., Z.W., V.J., J.J.)
| | - Vera Jankowski
- Institute of Molecular Cardiovascular Research, RWTH Aachen University, Germany (A.C., K.Q., Z.W., V.J., J.J.)
| | - Joachim Jankowski
- Institute of Molecular Cardiovascular Research, RWTH Aachen University, Germany (A.C., K.Q., Z.W., V.J., J.J.)
- Experimental Vascular Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, University of Maastricht, the Netherlands (J.J.)
- Aachen-Maastricht Institute for Cardiorenal Disease, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany (J.J.)
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Faraj TA, Edroos G, Erridge C. Toll-like receptor stimulants in processed meats promote lipid accumulation in macrophages and atherosclerosis in Apoe -/- mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2024; 186:114539. [PMID: 38387521 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2024.114539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Dietary intake of processed meat is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. However, the effects of processed meats on lipid metabolism in macrophages, a key regulator of cardiovascular risk, have remained largely unexplored. Extracts of processed meats, but not their fresh non-processed equivalents, were found to promote a significant increase in macrophage lipid accumulation in vitro. Calibrated receptor-dependent reporter assays revealed that pro-inflammatory stimulants of Toll-like receptor (TLR)-2 and TLR4 were low or undetectable in fresh meats, but rose dramatically following chopping and storage at 4 °C. Lipid accumulation in response to processed meats correlated well with TLR-stimulant content, was significantly reduced in TLR4-deficient macrophages, and was absent in response to meats stored frozen to prevent bacterial growth. TLR-stimulation significantly increased the incorporation of 14C-acetate into cellular lipids, and induced lipid accumulation in the absence of exogenous lipoproteins, suggesting a key role for de novo lipid synthesis in this process. Aortic atherosclerosis was also significantly accelerated in Apoe-/- mice receiving a diet supplemented with TLR-stimulants at concentrations relevant to those measured in processed meats, compared to normal chow. The findings reveal novel mechanisms which may be of relevance to the observed connections between processed meat consumption, inflammatory markers and cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tola A Faraj
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Medicine, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq; Department of Medical Analysis, Faculty of Applied Science, Tishk International University, Erbil, Iraq
| | | | - Clett Erridge
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Glenfield Hospital, Groby Road, Leicester, LE3 9QP, UK; School of Life Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, East Road, Cambridge, CB1 1PT, UK.
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Huang H, Sun Z, Xu J, Wang L, Zhao J, Li J, Zhang S, Yuan F, Liu M, Fang Z. Yang-Xin-Shu-Mai granule alleviates atherosclerosis by regulating macrophage polarization via the TLR9/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 318:116868. [PMID: 37454749 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Previous studies have found that Yang-Xin-Shu-Mai granule (YXSMG) has certain advantages in the treatment of stable coronary heart disease. However, YXSMG can inhibit the progression of atherosclerotic plaque and stabilize vulnerable plaque needs to be further explored and studied. This research, mass spectrometry analysis, network pharmacology, in vivo and in vitro experimental studies were conducted to explore the mechanism of YXSMG on atherosclerosis. AIM OF THE STUDY To decipher the mechanism of atherosclerotic plaque, stabilization for YXSMG by analysis of its active ingredients and biological network and activity in whole animal and at cellular and molecular levels. METHODS The active components of YXSMG were determined using high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) analysis. The 'Disease-Compound-Target-Pathway' network diagram was constructed using network pharmacology, and the stability of binding between core targets and core compounds was analyzed with molecular docking. After intervention with YXSMG, the pathology of aortic plaque, inflammation in the surrounding tissue, expression of TLR9/MyD88/NF-κB pathway protein in plaque and M1/M2 polarization of plaque macrophages were evaluated in vivo in apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE-/-) mice fed with high-fat diet. To verify whether it suppressed inflammation by inhibiting Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) reprogramming of macrophage polarization, we used RAW264.7 macrophages treated with specific TLR9 agonist (ODN1826) and inhibitor (ODN2088). RESULTS Five active compounds were identified in YXSMG: catechin, formononetin, tanshinone IIA, cryptotanshinone and glycitein. Network pharmacology studies revealed TLR9 as one of the core targets of YXSMG intervention in atherosclerosis. Computer simulation of molecular docking showed that TLR9 could interact with the core compound to form a stable complex. In vivo experiments confirmed that YXSMG could significantly inhibit atherosclerotic plaque, reduce levels of blood lipids and inflammatory factors, downregulate TLR9/MyD88/NF-κB pathway protein and inhibit aortic sinus macrophages polarization to M1, but promote their polarization to M2 to inhibit inflammation. In vitro experiments revealed that YXSMG could downregulate expression of TLR9 gene and protein in ODN1826-activated RAW264.7 macrophages. ODN2088 had a synergistic effect with YXSMG on the TLR9/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway, and reprogrammed macrophages polarization from M1 to M2 by inhibiting TLR9, thus reducing immuno-inflammatory response. CONCLUSION YXSMG can reduce the level of blood lipid and improve the size of atherosclerotic plaque and inflammatory infiltration in ApoE-/- mice fed with high fat. It is concluded that YXSMG can improve the mechanism of atherosclerotic plaque by inhibiting TLR9/MyD88/NF-κB pathway reprogramming macrophage M1/M2 polarization and reducing arterial inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Huang
- Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, PR China.
| | - Zeqi Sun
- Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, PR China.
| | - Junyao Xu
- Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, PR China
| | - Linjie Wang
- Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, PR China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, PR China
| | - Jie Li
- Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, PR China
| | - Siqi Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, PR China; Institute of Hypertension, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, PR China
| | - Fang Yuan
- Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, PR China
| | - Ming Liu
- Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, PR China; Institute of Hypertension, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, PR China.
| | - Zhuyuan Fang
- Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, PR China; Institute of Hypertension, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, PR China.
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Hutton M, Frazer M, Lin A, Patel S, Misra A. New Targets in Atherosclerosis: Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Plasticity and Macrophage Polarity. Clin Ther 2023; 45:1047-1054. [PMID: 37709601 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2023.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Despite an increase in treatment options, and substantial reductions in cardiovascular mortality over the past half-century, atherosclerosis remains the most prevalent cause of premature mortality worldwide. The development of innovative new therapies is crucial to further minimize atherosclerosis-related deaths. The diverse array of cell phenotypes derived from vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and macrophages within atherosclerotic plaques are increasingly becoming recognized for their beneficial and detrimental roles in plaque stability and disease burden. This review explores how contemporary transcriptomics and fate-mapping studies have revealed vascular cell plasticity as a relatively unexplored target for therapeutic intervention. METHODS Recent literature for this narrative review was obtained by searching electronic databases (ie, Google Scholar, PubMed). Additional studies were sourced from reference lists and the authors' personal databases. FINDINGS The lipid-rich and inflammatory plaque milieu induces SMC phenotypic switching to both beneficial and detrimental phenotypes. Likewise, macrophage heterogeneity increases with disease burden to a variety of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory activation states. These vascular cell phenotypes are determinants of plaque structure stability, and it is therefore highly likely that they influence clinical outcomes. Development of clinical treatments targeting deleterious phenotypes or promoting pro-healing phenotypes remains in its infancy. However, existing treatments (statins) have shown beneficial effects toward macrophage polarization, providing a rationale for more targeted approaches. In contrast, beneficial SMC phenotypic modulation with these pharmacologic agents has yet to be achieved. The range of modulated vascular cell phenotypes provides a multitude of novel targets and the potential to reduce future adverse events. IMPLICATIONS Vascular cell phenotypic heterogeneity must continue to be explored to lower cardiovascular events in the future. The rapidly increasing weight of evidence surrounding the role of SMC plasticity and macrophage polarity in plaque vulnerability provides a strong foundation upon which development of new therapeutics must follow. This approach may prove to be crucial in reducing cardiovascular events and improving patient benefit in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Hutton
- Atherosclerosis and Vascular Remodeling Group, Heart Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Madeleine Frazer
- Atherosclerosis and Vascular Remodeling Group, Heart Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alexander Lin
- Atherosclerosis and Vascular Remodeling Group, Heart Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sanjay Patel
- Heart Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ashish Misra
- Atherosclerosis and Vascular Remodeling Group, Heart Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Heart Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
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Panzer B, Kopp CW, Neumayer C, Koppensteiner R, Jozkowicz A, Poledniczek M, Gremmel T, Jilma B, Wadowski PP. Toll-like Receptors as Pro-Thrombotic Drivers in Viral Infections: A Narrative Review. Cells 2023; 12:1865. [PMID: 37508529 PMCID: PMC10377790 DOI: 10.3390/cells12141865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) have a critical role in the pathogenesis and disease course of viral infections. The induced pro-inflammatory responses result in the disturbance of the endovascular surface layer and impair vascular homeostasis. The injury of the vessel wall further promotes pro-thrombotic and pro-coagulatory processes, eventually leading to micro-vessel plugging and tissue necrosis. Moreover, TLRs have a direct role in the sensing of viruses and platelet activation. TLR-mediated upregulation of von Willebrand factor release and neutrophil, as well as macrophage extra-cellular trap formation, further contribute to (micro-) thrombotic processes during inflammation. The following review focuses on TLR signaling pathways of TLRs expressed in humans provoking pro-thrombotic responses, which determine patient outcome during viral infections, especially in those with cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Panzer
- Department of Cardiology, Wilhelminenspital, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph W Kopp
- Division of Angiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Neumayer
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Renate Koppensteiner
- Division of Angiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alicja Jozkowicz
- Faculty of Biophysics, Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Department of Medical Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Michael Poledniczek
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Gremmel
- Institute of Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy and Interventional Cardiology, Karl Landsteiner Society, 3100 St. Pölten, Austria
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Landesklinikum Mistelbach-Gänserndorf, 2130 Mistelbach, Austria
| | - Bernd Jilma
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Patricia P Wadowski
- Division of Angiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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Hakim D, Pinilla-Echeverri N, Coskun AU, Pu Z, Kajander OA, Rupert D, Maynard C, Cefalo N, Siasos G, Papafaklis MI, Kostas S, Michalis LK, Jolly S, Mehta SR, Sheth T, Croce K, Stone PH. The role of endothelial shear stress, shear stress gradient, and plaque topography in plaque erosion. Atherosclerosis 2023; 376:11-18. [PMID: 37257352 PMCID: PMC10937042 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2023.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Plaque erosion is a common underlying cause of acute coronary syndromes. The role of endothelial shear stress (ESS) and endothelial shear stress gradient (ESSG) in plaque erosion remains unknown. We aimed to determine the role of ESS metrics and maximum plaque slope steepness in plaques with erosion versus stable plaques. METHODS This analysis included 46 patients/plaques from TOTAL and COMPLETE trials and Brigham and Women's Hospital's database who underwent angiography and OCT. Plaques were divided into those with erosion (n = 24) and matched stable coronary plaques (n = 22). Angiographic views were used to generate a 3-D arterial reconstruction, with centerlines merged from angiography and OCT pullback. Local ESS metrics were assessed by computational fluid dynamics. Among plaque erosions, the up- and down-slope (Δ lumen area/frame) was calculated for each culprit plaque. RESULTS Compared with stable plaque controls, plaques with an erosion were associated with higher max ESS (8.3 ± 4.8 vs. 5.0 ± 1.9 Pa, p = 0.02) and max ESSG any direction (9.2 ± 7.5 vs. 4.3 ± 3.11 Pa/mm, p = 0.005). Proximal erosion was associated with a steeper plaque upslope while distal erosion with a steeper plaque downslope. Max ESS and Max ESSG any direction were independent factors in the development of plaque erosion (OR 1.32, 95%CI 1.06-1.65, p = 0.014; OR 1.22, 95% CI 1.03-1.45, p = 0.009, respectively). CONCLUSIONS In plaques with similar luminal stenosis, plaque erosion was strongly associated with higher ESS, ESS gradients, and plaque slope as compared with stable plaques. These data support that ESS and slope metrics play a key role in the development of plaque erosion and may help prognosticate individual plaques at risk for future erosion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diaa Hakim
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham & Women's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Natalia Pinilla-Echeverri
- McMaster University and Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Ahmet U Coskun
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zhongyue Pu
- Department of Medical Science, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Olli A Kajander
- Heart Hospital, Tampere University Hospital and School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Deborah Rupert
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Stonybrook University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Charles Maynard
- Department of Health Systems and Population Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nicholas Cefalo
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham & Women's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gerasimos Siasos
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Stefanu Kostas
- Cardiology Department, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | | | - Sanjit Jolly
- McMaster University and Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Shamir R Mehta
- McMaster University and Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Tej Sheth
- McMaster University and Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Kevin Croce
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham & Women's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peter H Stone
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham & Women's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Najjar RS. The Impacts of Animal-Based Diets in Cardiovascular Disease Development: A Cellular and Physiological Overview. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2023; 10:282. [PMID: 37504538 PMCID: PMC10380617 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd10070282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in the United States, and diet plays an instrumental role in CVD development. Plant-based diets have been strongly tied to a reduction in CVD incidence. In contrast, animal food consumption may increase CVD risk. While increased serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol concentrations are an established risk factor which may partially explain the positive association with animal foods and CVD, numerous other biochemical factors are also at play. Thus, the aim of this review is to summarize the major cellular and molecular effects of animal food consumption in relation to CVD development. Animal-food-centered diets may (1) increase cardiovascular toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling, due to increased serum endotoxins and oxidized LDL cholesterol, (2) increase cardiovascular lipotoxicity, (3) increase renin-angiotensin system components and subsequent angiotensin II type-1 receptor (AT1R) signaling and (4) increase serum trimethylamine-N-oxide concentrations. These nutritionally mediated factors independently increase cardiovascular oxidative stress and inflammation and are all independently tied to CVD development. Public policy efforts should continue to advocate for the consumption of a mostly plant-based diet, with the minimization of animal-based foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rami Salim Najjar
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
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10
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Al-Hawary SIS, Jasim SA, Romero-Parra RM, Bustani GS, Hjazi A, Alghamdi MI, Kareem AK, Alwaily ER, Zabibah RS, Gupta J, Mahmoudi R, Hosseini-Fard S. NLRP3 inflammasome pathway in atherosclerosis: Focusing on the therapeutic potential of non-coding RNAs. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 246:154490. [PMID: 37141699 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
NLRP3 (NOD-, LRR-, and pyrin domain-containing protein 3) inflammasome pathway has a critical role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Activation of this pathway is implicated in the subendothelial inflammation and atherosclerosis progression. The NLRP3 inflammasome are cytoplasmic sensors with the distinct capacity to identify a wide range of inflammation-related signals, which enhance NLRP3 inflammasome assembly and allow it to trigger inflammation. This pathway is triggered by a variety of intrinsic signals which exist in atherosclerotic plaques, like cholesterol crystals and oxidized LDL. Further pharmacological findings indicated that NLRP3 inflammasome enhanced caspase-1-mediated secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators like interleukin (IL)- 1β/18. Newly published cutting-edge studies suggested that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) including microRNAs (miRNAs, miRs), long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs) are major modulators of NLRP3 inflammasome in atherosclerosis. Therefore, in this review, we aimed to discuss the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway, biogenesis of ncRNAs as well as the modulatory role of ncRNAs in regulating the various mediators of NLRP3 inflammasome pathway including TLR4, NF-kB, NLRP3, and caspase 1. We also discussed the importance of NLRP3 inflammasome pathway-related ncRNAs as a diagnostic biomarker in atherosclerosis and current therapeutics in the modulation of NLRP3 inflammasome in atherosclerosis. Finally, we speak about the limitations and future prospects of ncRNAs in regulating inflammatory atherosclerosis via the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Saade Abdalkareem Jasim
- Medical Laboratory Techniques Department, Al-maarif University College, Al-anbar-Ramadi, Iraq
| | | | | | - Ahmed Hjazi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ali Kamil Kareem
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Hillah 51001, Iraq
| | - Enas R Alwaily
- Microbiology Research Group, College of Pharmacy, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar, Iraq
| | - Rahman S Zabibah
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department, College of Medical Technology, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq
| | - Jitendra Gupta
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura 281406, UP, India
| | - Reza Mahmoudi
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Seyedreza Hosseini-Fard
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Meyer-Lindemann U, Moggio A, Dutsch A, Kessler T, Sager HB. The Impact of Exercise on Immunity, Metabolism, and Atherosclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:3394. [PMID: 36834808 PMCID: PMC9967592 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical exercise represents an effective preventive and therapeutic strategy beneficially modifying the course of multiple diseases. The protective mechanisms of exercise are manifold; primarily, they are elicited by alterations in metabolic and inflammatory pathways. Exercise intensity and duration strongly influence the provoked response. This narrative review aims to provide comprehensive up-to-date insights into the beneficial effects of physical exercise by illustrating the impact of moderate and vigorous exercise on innate and adaptive immunity. Specifically, we describe qualitative and quantitative changes in different leukocyte subsets while distinguishing between acute and chronic exercise effects. Further, we elaborate on how exercise modifies the progression of atherosclerosis, the leading cause of death worldwide, representing a prime example of a disease triggered by metabolic and inflammatory pathways. Here, we describe how exercise counteracts causal contributors and thereby improves outcomes. In addition, we identify gaps that still need to be addressed in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Meyer-Lindemann
- Department of Cardiology, German Heart Center Munich, Technical University Munich, 80636 Munich, Germany
- DZHK e.V. (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Aldo Moggio
- Department of Cardiology, German Heart Center Munich, Technical University Munich, 80636 Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Dutsch
- Department of Cardiology, German Heart Center Munich, Technical University Munich, 80636 Munich, Germany
- DZHK e.V. (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Thorsten Kessler
- Department of Cardiology, German Heart Center Munich, Technical University Munich, 80636 Munich, Germany
- DZHK e.V. (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Hendrik B. Sager
- Department of Cardiology, German Heart Center Munich, Technical University Munich, 80636 Munich, Germany
- DZHK e.V. (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, 80336 Munich, Germany
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12
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Liao D, Su X, Wang J, Yu J, Luo H, Tian W, Ye Z, He J. Pushing the envelope: Immune mechanism and application landscape of macrophage-activating lipopeptide-2. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1113715. [PMID: 36761746 PMCID: PMC9902699 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1113715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma fermentans can cause respiratory diseases, arthritis, genitourinary tract infections, and chronic fatigue syndrome and have been linked to the development of the human immunodeficiency virus. Because mycoplasma lacks a cell wall, its outer membrane lipoproteins are one of the main factors that induce inflammation in the organism and contribute to disease development. Macrophage-activating lipopeptide-2 (MALP-2) modulates the inflammatory response of monocytes/macrophages in a bidirectional fashion, indirectly enhances the cytotoxicity of NK cells, promotes oxidative bursts in neutrophils, upregulates surface markers on lymphocytes, enhances antigen presentation on dendritic cells and induces immune inflammatory responses in sebocytes and mesenchymal cells. MALP-2 is a promising vaccine adjuvant for this application. It also promotes vascular healing and regeneration, accelerates wound and bone healing, suppresses tumors and metastasis, and reduces lung infections and inflammation. MALP-2 has a simple structure, is easy to synthesize, and has promising prospects for clinical application. Therefore, this paper reviews the mechanisms of MALP-2 activation in immune cells, focusing on the application of MALP-2 in animals/humans to provide a basis for the study of pathogenesis in Mycoplasma fermentans and the translation of MALP-2 into clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daoyong Liao
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Xiaoling Su
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Jingyun Wang
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Jianwei Yu
- Department of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Haodang Luo
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China,Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical School, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Wei Tian
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Zufeng Ye
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Jun He
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China,*Correspondence: Jun He,
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13
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Jiang X, Ning P, Yan F, Wang J, Cai W, Yang F. Impact of myeloid differentiation protein 1 on cardiovascular disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 157:114000. [PMID: 36379121 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of disability and mortality worldwide and a significant global burden. Many lines of evidence suggest complex remodeling responses to cardiovascular disease, such as myocardial ischemia, hypertension and valve disease, which lead to poor clinical outcomes, including heart failure, arrhythmia and sudden cardiac death (SCD). The mechanisms underlying cardiac remodeling are closely related to reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammation. Myeloid differentiation protein 1 (MD1) is a secreted glycoprotein known as lymphocyte antigen 86. The complex of MD1 and radioprotective 105 (RP105) is an important regulator of inflammation and is involved in the modulation of vascular remodeling and atherosclerotic plaque development. A recent study suggested that the expression of MD1 in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) patients is decreased compared with that in donor hearts. Therefore, MD1 may play an important role in the pathological processes of cardiovascular disease and have potential clinical value. Here, this review aims to discuss the current knowledge regarding the role of MD1 in the regulation of cardiac pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Jiang
- Geriatric Diseases Institute of Chengdu, Department of Cardiology, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu 611137, China; The Second Clinical Medical College, Affiliated Fifth People's Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Peng Ning
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Affiliated Fifth People's Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; Geriatric Diseases Institute of Chengdu, Department of Endocrinology, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Fang Yan
- Geriatric Department, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu 611137, China; Center for Medicine Research and Translation, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Jianfeng Wang
- Geriatric Diseases Institute of Chengdu, Department of Cardiology, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu 611137, China; The Second Clinical Medical College, Affiliated Fifth People's Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Wei Cai
- Geriatric Diseases Institute of Chengdu, Department of Cardiology, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu 611137, China; The Second Clinical Medical College, Affiliated Fifth People's Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Fan Yang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Affiliated Fifth People's Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; Geriatric Diseases Institute of Chengdu, Department of Endocrinology, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu 611137, China.
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14
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Su C, Lu Y, Wang Z, Guo J, Hou Y, Wang X, Qin Z, Gao J, Sun Z, Dai Y, Liu Y, Liu G, Xian X, Cui X, Zhang J, Tang J. Atherosclerosis: The Involvement of Immunity, Cytokines and Cells in Pathogenesis, and Potential Novel Therapeutics. Aging Dis 2022:AD.2022.1208. [PMID: 37163428 PMCID: PMC10389830 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2022.1208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
As a leading contributor to coronary artery disease (CAD) and stroke, atherosclerosis has become one of the major cardiovascular diseases (CVD) negatively impacting patients worldwide. The endothelial injury is considered to be the initial step of the development of atherosclerosis, resulting in immune cell migration and activation as well as inflammatory factor secretion, which further leads to acute and chronic inflammation. In addition, the inflammation and lipid accumulation at the lesions stimulate specific responses from different types of cells, contributing to the pathological progression of atherosclerosis. As a result, recent studies have focused on using molecular biological approaches such as gene editing and nanotechnology to mediate cellular response during atherosclerotic development for therapeutic purposes. In this review, we systematically discuss inflammatory pathogenesis during the development of atherosclerosis from a cellular level with a focus on the blood cells, including all types of immune cells, together with crucial cells within the blood vessel, such as smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells. In addition, the latest progression of molecular-cellular based therapy for atherosclerosis is also discussed. We hope this review article could be beneficial for the clinical management of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Su
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and Repair of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Henan Province Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yongzheng Lu
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and Repair of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Henan Province Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zeyu Wang
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and Repair of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Henan Province Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jiacheng Guo
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and Repair of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Henan Province Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yachen Hou
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and Repair of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Henan Province Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xiaofang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and Repair of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Henan Province Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhen Qin
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and Repair of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Henan Province Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jiamin Gao
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and Repair of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Henan Province Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhaowei Sun
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and Repair of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Henan Province Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yichen Dai
- School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu Liu
- School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Guozhen Liu
- School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xunde Xian
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolin Cui
- School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinying Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and Repair of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Henan Province Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Junnan Tang
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and Repair of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Henan Province Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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15
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Toll-like receptor 7 regulates cardiovascular diseases. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 113:109390. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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16
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Lipopolysaccharides and Cellular Senescence: Involvement in Atherosclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911148. [PMID: 36232471 PMCID: PMC9569556 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the vascular walls related to aging. Thus far, the roles of cellular senescence and bacterial infection in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis have been speculated to be independent of each other. Some types of macrophages, vascular endothelial cells, and vascular smooth muscle cells are in a senescent state at the sites of atherosclerotic lesions. Likewise, bacterial infections and accumulations of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), an outer-membrane component of Gram-negative bacteria, have also been observed in the atherosclerotic lesions of patients. This review introduces the integration of these two potential pathways in atherosclerosis. Previous studies have suggested that LPS directly induces cellular senescence in cultured monocytes/macrophages and vascular cells. In addition, LPS enhances the inflammatory properties (senescence-associated secretory phenotype [SASP]) of senescent endothelial cells. Thus, LPS derived from Gram-negative bacteria could exaggerate the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis by inducing and enhancing cellular senescence and the SASP-associated inflammatory properties of specific vascular cells in atherosclerotic lesions. This proposed mechanism can provide novel approaches to preventing and treating this common age-related disease.
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17
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Ahmad B, Choi S. Unraveling the Tomaralimab Epitope on the Toll-like Receptor 2 via Molecular Dynamics and Deep Learning. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:28226-28237. [PMID: 35990491 PMCID: PMC9386714 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c02559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Tomaralimab (OPN-305) is the first humanized immunoglobulin G4 monoclonal antibody against TLR2 and is designed to prevent inflammation that is driven by inappropriate or excessive activation of innate immune pathways. Here, we constructed a homology model of Tomaralimab and its complex with TLR2 at different mapped epitopes and unraveled their behavior at the atomistic level. Furthermore, we predicted a novel epitope (leucine-rich region 9-12) near the lipopeptide-binding site that can be targeted and studied for the utility of therapeutic antibodies. A geometric deep learning algorithm was used to envisage Tomaralimab binding affinity changes upon mutation. There was a significant difference in binding affinity for Tomaralimab following epitope-mutated alanine substitutions of Val266, Pro294, Arg295, Asn319, Pro326, and His372. Using deep learning-based ΔΔG prediction, we computationally contrasted human TLR2-TLR2, TLR2-TLR1, and TLR2-TLR6 dimerization. These results reveal the mechanism that underlies Tomaralimab binding to TLR2 and should help to design structure-based mimics or bispecific antibodies that can be used to inhibit both lipopeptide-binding and TLR2 dimerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal Ahmad
- Department
of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou
University, Suwon 16499, Korea
- S&K
Therapeutics, Ajou University
Campus Plaza 418, 199 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 16502, Korea
| | - Sangdun Choi
- Department
of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou
University, Suwon 16499, Korea
- S&K
Therapeutics, Ajou University
Campus Plaza 418, 199 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 16502, Korea
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18
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Li MJ, Yan SB, Dong H, Huang ZG, Li DM, Tang YL, Pan YF, Yang Z, Pan HB, Chen G. Clinical assessment and molecular mechanism of the upregulation of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) in myocardial infarction. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2022; 22:314. [PMID: 35840880 PMCID: PMC9287878 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-022-02754-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The prevalence and mortality of cardiovascular diseases remain ranked first worldwide. Myocardial infarction (MI) is the central cause of death from cardiovascular diseases, seriously endangering human health. The clinical implication of toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) remains contradictory, and its mechanism is still unknown. Hence, the objective of this study was to elucidate the clinical value and molecular mechanism of TLR2 in MI. Methods All high-throughput datasets and eligible literature were screened, and the expression levels of TLR2 were collected from the MI. The integrated expression level of TLR2 was displayed by calculating the standardized mean difference (SMD) and the area under the curve (AUC) of the summary receiver operating characteristic curve (sROC). The related TLR2 genes were sent for pathway analyses by gene ontology (GO), Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genome (KEGG), and disease ontology (DO). Single-cell RNA-seq was applied to ascertain the molecular mechanism of TLR2 in MI. Results Nine microarrays and four reported data were available to calculate the comprehensive expression level of TLR2 in MI, including 325 cases of MI and 306 cases of controls. The SMD was 2.55 (95% CI = 1.35–3.75), and the AUC was 0.76 (95% CI = 0.72–0.79), indicating the upregulation of TLR2 in MI. The related TLR2 genes were primarily enriched in the pathways of atherosclerosis, arteriosclerotic cardiovascular disease, and arteriosclerosis, suggesting the clinical role of TLR2 in the progression of MI. Afterward, TLR2 was upregulated in myeloid cells in MI. Conclusions TLR2 may have a crucial role in progressing from coronary atherosclerosis to MI. The upregulation of TLR2 may have a favorable screening value for MI. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12872-022-02754-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Jie Li
- Department of Pathology/Forensic Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No. 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi-Bai Yan
- Department of Pathology/Forensic Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No. 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Dong
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No. 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Guang Huang
- Department of Pathology/Forensic Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No. 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong-Ming Li
- Department of Pathology/Forensic Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No. 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Lu Tang
- Department of Pathology/Forensic Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No. 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Fang Pan
- Department of Pathology, Hospital of Guangxi Liugang Medical Co., LTD./Guangxi Liuzhou Dingshun Forensic Expert Institute, No. 9, Queershan Rd, Liuzhou, 545002, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Department of Gerontology, NO. 923 Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, No. 1 Tangcheng Rd, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Bo Pan
- Department of Pathology/Forensic Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No. 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Pathology/Forensic Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No. 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China.
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19
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Parnigoni A, Viola M, Karousou E, Rovera S, Giaroni C, Passi A, Vigetti D. ROLE OF HYALURONAN IN PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF VASCULAR1 ENDOTHELIAL AND SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 323:C505-C519. [PMID: 35759431 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00061.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
One of the main components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) of the blood vessel is hyaluronic acid or hyaluronan (HA). It is a ubiquitous polysaccharide belonging to the family of glycosaminoglycans, but, differently from other proteoglycan-associated glycosaminoglycans, it is synthesized on the plasma membrane by a family of three HA synthases (HAS). HA can be released as a free polymer in the extracellular space or remain associated with the membrane in the pericellular space via HAS or via binding proteins. In fact, several cell surface proteins can interact with HA working as HA receptors like CD44, RHAMM, and LYVE-1. In physiological conditions, HA is localized in the glycocalyx and in the adventitia and is responsible for the loose and hydrated vascular structure favoring flexibility and allowing the stretching of vessels in response to mechanical forces. During atherogenesis, ECM undergoes dramatic alterations which have a crucial role in lipoprotein retention and in triggering multiple signaling cascades that wake up cells from their quiescent status. HA becomes highly present in the media and neointima favoring smooth muscle cells dedifferentiation, migration, and proliferation that strongly contribute to vessel wall thickening. Further, HA is able to modulate immune cell recruitment both within the vessel wall and on the endothelial cell layer. This review is focused on the effects of HA on vascular cell behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Parnigoni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Manuela Viola
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Evgenia Karousou
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Simona Rovera
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Cristina Giaroni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Alberto Passi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Davide Vigetti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
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20
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Mechanical Forces Govern Interactions of Host Cells with Intracellular Bacterial Pathogens. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2022; 86:e0009420. [PMID: 35285720 PMCID: PMC9199418 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00094-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To combat infectious diseases, it is important to understand how host cells interact with bacterial pathogens. Signals conveyed from pathogen to host, and vice versa, may be either chemical or mechanical. While the molecular and biochemical basis of host-pathogen interactions has been extensively explored, relatively less is known about mechanical signals and responses in the context of those interactions. Nevertheless, a wide variety of bacterial pathogens appear to have developed mechanisms to alter the cellular biomechanics of their hosts in order to promote their survival and dissemination, and in turn many host responses to infection rely on mechanical alterations in host cells and tissues to limit the spread of infection. In this review, we present recent findings on how mechanical forces generated by host cells can promote or obstruct the dissemination of intracellular bacterial pathogens. In addition, we discuss how in vivo extracellular mechanical signals influence interactions between host cells and intracellular bacterial pathogens. Examples of such signals include shear stresses caused by fluid flow over the surface of cells and variable stiffness of the extracellular matrix on which cells are anchored. We highlight bioengineering-inspired tools and techniques that can be used to measure host cell mechanics during infection. These allow for the interrogation of how mechanical signals can modulate infection alongside biochemical signals. We hope that this review will inspire the microbiology community to embrace those tools in future studies so that host cell biomechanics can be more readily explored in the context of infection studies.
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Abstract
Statins are 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors used worldwide to manage dyslipidaemia and thus limit the development of atherosclerotic disease and its complications. These atheroprotective drugs are now known to exert pleiotropic actions outside of their cholesterol-lowering activity, including altering immune cell function. Macrophages are phagocytic leukocytes that play critical functional roles in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and are directly targeted by statins. Early studies documented the anti-inflammatory effects of statins on macrophages, but emerging evidence suggests that these drugs can also enhance pro-inflammatory macrophage responses, creating an unresolved paradox. This review comprehensively examines the in vitro, in vivo, and clinical literature to document the statin-induced changes in macrophage polarization and immunomodulatory functions, explore the underlying mechanisms involved, and offer potential explanations for this paradox. A better understanding of the immunomodulatory actions of statins on macrophages should pave the way for the development of novel therapeutic approaches to manage atherosclerosis and other chronic diseases and conditions characterised by unresolved inflammation.
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22
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Millar CL, Anto L, Garcia C, Kim MB, Jain A, Provatas AA, Clark RB, Lee JY, Nichols FC, Blesso CN. Gut Microbiome-Derived Glycine Lipids Are Diet-Dependent Modulators of Hepatic Injury and Atherosclerosis. J Lipid Res 2022; 63:100192. [PMID: 35278409 PMCID: PMC9020096 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2022.100192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral and gut Bacteroidetes produce unique classes of serine-glycine lipodipeptides and glycine aminolipids that signal through host Toll-like receptor 2. These glycine lipids have also been detected in human arteries, but their effects on atherosclerosis are unknown. Here, we sought to investigate the bioactivity of bacterial glycine lipids in mouse models of atherosclerosis. Lipid 654 (L654), a serine-glycine lipodipeptide species, was first tested in a high-fat diet (HFD)-fed Ldlr−/− model of atherosclerosis. Intraperitoneal administration of L654 over 7 weeks to HFD-fed Ldlr−/− mice resulted in hypocholesterolemic effects and significantly attenuated the progression of atherosclerosis. We found that L654 also reduced liver inflammatory and extracellular matrix gene expression, which may be related to inhibition of macrophage activation as demonstrated in vivo by lower major histocompatibility complex class II gene expression and confirmed in cell experiments. In addition, L654 and other bacterial glycine lipids in feces, liver, and serum were markedly reduced alongside changes in Bacteroidetes relative abundance in HFD-fed mice. Finally, we tested the bioactivities of L654 and related lipid 567 in chow-fed Apoe−/− mice, which displayed much higher fecal glycine lipids relative to HFD-fed Ldlr−/− mice. Administration of L654 or lipid 567 for 7 weeks to these mice reduced the liver injury marker alanine aminotransferase, but other effects seen in Ldlr−/− were not observed. Therefore, we conclude that conditions in which gut microbiome-derived glycine lipids are lost, such as HFD, may exacerbate the development of atherosclerosis and liver injury, whereas correction of such depletion may protect from these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney L Millar
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA; The Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Liya Anto
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Chelsea Garcia
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Mi-Bo Kim
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Anisha Jain
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Anthony A Provatas
- Center for Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Robert B Clark
- Department of Immunology, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA; Department of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Ji-Young Lee
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Frank C Nichols
- Department of Periodontology, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA
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23
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Su E, Yu P, Zhang B, Zhang A, Xie S, Zhang C, Li S, Zou Y, Liu M, Jiang H, Ge J. Endothelial Intracellular ANG (Angiogenin) Protects Against Atherosclerosis by Decreasing Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2022; 42:305-325. [PMID: 35045729 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.121.317339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND ANG (angiogenin) is essential for cellular adaptation to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, a process closely associated with cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis. We aimed to investigate the role of ANG in the progression of atherosclerosis and elucidate its underlying molecular mechanisms. METHODS We constructed adenoassociated virus 9 ANG overexpression vectors and endothelial ANG- and ApoE (apolipoprotein E)-deficient mice to determine the effects of ANG on ER stress and atherosclerotic lesions. RNA sequencing of endothelial ANG- and ApoE-deficient mice identified ANG-dependent downregulation of ST3GAL5 (ST3 beta-galactoside alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase 5) expression, and the direct regulation of ST3GAL5 by ANG was verified by chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing and luciferase reporter assay results. RESULTS Reanalysis of expression profiling datasets indicated decreased ANG levels in patients' atherosclerotic lesions, and these data were validated in aortas from ApoE-/- mice. ER stress marker and adhesion molecule levels, aortic root lesions and macrophage deposition were substantially reduced in ApoE-/- mice injected with an adenoassociated virus 9 ANG without signal peptide (ANG-ΔSP) overexpression vector compared with empty and full-length ANG overexpression vectors. Endothelial ANG deficiency significantly elevated ER stress and increased adhesion molecule expression, which aggravated atherosclerotic lesions and enhanced THP-1 monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells in vivo and in vitro, respectively. Furthermore, ANG-ΔSP overexpression significantly attenuated oxidized low-density lipoprotein-induced ER stress and THP-1 monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells, which were reversed by ST3GAL5 inhibition. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that endothelial intracellular ANG is a novel therapeutic against atherosclerosis and exerts atheroprotective effects via ST3GAL5-mediated ER stress suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enyong Su
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases (E.S., B.Z., S.X., C.Z., S.L., Y.Z., H.J., J.G.), Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Yu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (P.Y.), Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Baoli Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases (E.S., B.Z., S.X., C.Z., S.L., Y.Z., H.J., J.G.), Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Anjing Zhang
- Department of Neurorehabilitation Medicine, Kongjiang Branch, the First Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai, China (A.Z.)
| | - Shiyao Xie
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases (E.S., B.Z., S.X., C.Z., S.L., Y.Z., H.J., J.G.), Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunyu Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases (E.S., B.Z., S.X., C.Z., S.L., Y.Z., H.J., J.G.), Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Su Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases (E.S., B.Z., S.X., C.Z., S.L., Y.Z., H.J., J.G.), Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunzeng Zou
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases (E.S., B.Z., S.X., C.Z., S.L., Y.Z., H.J., J.G.), Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of Health Management Center (M.L.), Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases (E.S., B.Z., S.X., C.Z., S.L., Y.Z., H.J., J.G.), Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junbo Ge
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases (E.S., B.Z., S.X., C.Z., S.L., Y.Z., H.J., J.G.), Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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24
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Afroz R, Kumarapperuma H, Nguyen QVN, Mohamed R, Little PJ, Kamato D. Lipopolysaccharide acting via toll-like receptor 4 transactivates the TGF-β receptor in vascular smooth muscle cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:121. [PMID: 35122536 PMCID: PMC8817999 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04159-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) recognise pathogen‑associated molecular patterns, which allow the detection of microbial infection by host cells. Bacterial-derived toxin lipopolysaccharide activates TLR4 and leads to the activation of the Smad2 transcription factor. The phosphorylation of the Smad2 transcription factor is the result of the activation of the transforming growth factor-β receptor 1 (TGFBR1). Therefore, we sought to investigate LPS via TLR4-mediated Smad2 carboxy terminal phosphorylation dependent on the transactivation of the TGFBR1. The in vitro model used human aortic vascular smooth muscle cells to assess the implications of TLR4 transactivation of the TGFBR1 in vascular pathophysiology. We show that LPS-mediated Smad2 carboxy terminal phosphorylation is inhibited in the presence of TGFBR1 inhibitor, SB431542. Treatment with MyD88 and TRIF pathway antagonists does not affect LPS-mediated phosphorylation of Smad2 carboxy terminal; however, LPS-mediated Smad2 phosphorylation was inhibited in the presence of MMP inhibitor, GM6001, and unaffected in the presence of ROCK inhibitor Y27632 or ROS/NOX inhibitor DPI. LPS via transactivation of the TGFBR1 stimulates PAI-1 mRNA expression. TLRs are first in line to respond to exogenous invading substances and endogenous molecules; our findings characterise a novel signalling pathway in the context of cell biology. Identifying TLR transactivation of the TGFBR1 may provide future insight into the detrimental implications of pathogens in pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizwana Afroz
- School of Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia.,Centre for Cancer Cell Biology and Drug Discovery, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, QLD, 4111, Australia
| | - Hirushi Kumarapperuma
- School of Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Quang V N Nguyen
- School of Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Raafat Mohamed
- School of Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia.,Department of Basic Sciences, College of Dentistry, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq
| | - Peter J Little
- School of Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia.,Department of Pharmacy, Xinhua College of Sun Yat-Sen University, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510520, China.,Sunshine Coast Health Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Birtinya, QLD, 4575, Australia
| | - Danielle Kamato
- School of Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia.
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25
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Hoebinger C, Rajcic D, Hendrikx T. Oxidized Lipids: Common Immunogenic Drivers of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Atherosclerosis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 8:824481. [PMID: 35083304 PMCID: PMC8784685 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.824481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), ranging from simple steatosis to inflammatory steatohepatitis (NASH) and cirrhosis, continues to rise, making it one of the major chronic liver diseases and indications for liver transplantation worldwide. The pathological processes underlying NAFLD not only affect the liver but are also likely to have systemic effects. In fact, growing evidence indicates that patients with NAFLD are at increased risk for developing atherosclerosis. Indeed, cardiovascular complications are the leading cause of mortality in NAFLD patients. Here, we aim to address common pathophysiological molecular pathways involved in chronic fatty liver disease and atherosclerosis. In particular, we focus on the role of oxidized lipids and the formation of oxidation-specific epitopes, which are important targets of host immunity. Acting as metabolic danger signals, they drive pro-inflammatory processes and thus contribute to disease progression. Finally, we summarize encouraging studies indicating that oxidized lipids are promising immunological targets to improve intervention strategies for NAFLD and potentially limit the risk of developing atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constanze Hoebinger
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Klinisches Institut für Labormedizin (KILM), Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dragana Rajcic
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Klinisches Institut für Labormedizin (KILM), Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tim Hendrikx
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Klinisches Institut für Labormedizin (KILM), Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Molecular Genetics, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
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26
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Park I, Goddard ME, Cole JE, Zanin N, Lyytikäinen LP, Lehtimäki T, Andreakos E, Feldmann M, Udalova I, Drozdov I, Monaco C. C-type lectin receptor CLEC4A2 promotes tissue adaptation of macrophages and protects against atherosclerosis. Nat Commun 2022; 13:215. [PMID: 35017526 PMCID: PMC8752790 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27862-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are integral to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, but the contribution of distinct macrophage subsets to disease remains poorly defined. Using single cell technologies and conditional ablation via a LysMCre+Clec4a2flox/DTR mouse strain, we demonstrate that the expression of the C-type lectin receptor CLEC4A2 is a distinguishing feature of vascular resident macrophages endowed with athero-protective properties. Through genetic deletion and competitive bone marrow chimera experiments, we identify CLEC4A2 as an intrinsic regulator of macrophage tissue adaptation by promoting a bias in monocyte-to-macrophage in situ differentiation towards colony stimulating factor 1 (CSF1) in vascular health and disease. During atherogenesis, CLEC4A2 deficiency results in loss of resident vascular macrophages and their homeostatic properties causing dysfunctional cholesterol metabolism and enhanced toll-like receptor triggering, exacerbating disease. Our study demonstrates that CLEC4A2 licenses monocytes to join the vascular resident macrophage pool, and that CLEC4A2-mediated macrophage homeostasis is critical to combat cardiovascular disease. The contribution of distinct subsets of macrophages to atherosclerosis is poorly understood. Here the authors describe a protective subset of vascular macrophages expressing the C-type lectin receptor CLEC4A2, which licenses monocytes to join the resident vascular macrophage pool and ensures vascular homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inhye Park
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Michael E Goddard
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jennifer E Cole
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Natacha Zanin
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Leo-Pekka Lyytikäinen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center-Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center-Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Evangelos Andreakos
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Athens, Greece
| | - Marc Feldmann
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Irina Udalova
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Claudia Monaco
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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27
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Proliferin-1 Ameliorates Cardiotoxin-Related Skeletal Muscle Repair in Mice. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:9202990. [PMID: 34950212 PMCID: PMC8692050 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9202990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We recently demonstrated that proliferin-1 (PLF-1) functions as an apoptotic cell-derived growth factor and plays an important role in vascular pathobiology. We therefore investigated its role in muscle regeneration in response to cardiotoxin injury. Methods and Results To determine the effects of PLF-1 on muscle regeneration, we used a CTX-induced skeletal muscle injury model in 9-week-old male mice that were administered with the recombinant PLF-1 (rPLF-1) or neutralizing PLF-1 antibody. The injured muscles exhibited increased levels of PLF-1 gene expression in a time-dependent manner. On day 14 after injury, rPLF-1 supplementation ameliorated CTX-induced alterations in muscle fiber size, interstitial fibrosis, muscle regeneration capacity, and muscle performance. On day 3 postinjury, rPLF-1 increased the levels of proteins or genes for p-Akt, p-mTOR, p-GSK3α/β, p-Erk1/2, p-p38MAPK, interleukin-10, Pax7, MyoD, and Cyclin B1, and it increased the numbers of CD34+/integrin-α7+ muscle stem cells and proliferating cells in the muscles and/or bone marrow of CTX mice. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay revealed that rPLF-1 suppressed the levels of plasma tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β in CTX mice. PLF-1 blocking accelerated CTX-related muscle damage and dysfunction. In C2C12 myoblasts, rPLF-1 increased the levels of proteins for p-Akt, p-mTOR, p-GSK3α/β, p-Erk1/2, and p-p38MAPK as well as cellular functions; and these effects were diminished by the depletion of PLF-1 or silencing of its mannose-6-phosphate receptor. Conclusions These findings demonstrated that PLF-1 can improve skeletal muscle repair in response to injury, possibly via the modulation of inflammation and proliferation and regeneration, suggesting a novel therapeutic strategy for the management of skeletal muscle diseases.
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28
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Huang R, Hu Z, Chen X, Cao Y, Li H, Zhang H, Li Y, Liang L, Feng Y, Wang Y, Su W, Kong Z, Melgiri ND, Jiang L, Li X, Du J, Chen Y. The Transcription Factor SUB1 Is a Master Regulator of the Macrophage TLR Response in Atherosclerosis. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2004162. [PMID: 34378353 PMCID: PMC8498911 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202004162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 2 and 4 (TLR2, TLR4) signaling is implicated in atherosclerotic plaque formation. The two-stage master regulator Virtual Inference of Protein-activity by Enriched Regulon (VIPER) analysis of macrophage TLR2 and TLR4 signature genes integrated with coexpression network genes derived from 371 patient-derived carotid specimens identifies activated RNA polymerase II transcriptional coactivator p15 (SUB1/Sub1, PC4) as a master regulon in the atherogenic TLR response. It is found that TLR2 and TLR4 signaling is proinflammatory and proatherosclerotic in chow-fed apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE-/- ) mice. Through transgenic myeloid-specific Sub1 knockout in ApoE-/- mice, it is discovered that these proatherosclerotic effects of TLR2 and TLR4 signaling are mediated by Sub1. Sub1 knockout in macrophages enhances anti-inflammatory M2 macrophage polarization and cholesterol efflux. Irradiated low density lipoprotein receptor-deficient (Ldlr-/- ) mice transplanted with Sub1-/- murine bone marrow display reduced atherosclerosis. Promoter analysis reveals Sub1-dependent activation of interferon regulatory factor 1 (Irf1) transcription in a casein kinase 2 (Ck2)-dependent manner, and Sub1-knockout macrophages display decreased Irf1 expression. Artificial Irf1 overexpression in Sub1-knockout macrophages enhances proinflammatory M1 skewing and lowers cholesterol clearance. In conclusion, the TLR master regulon Sub1, and its downstream effect on the transcription factor Irf1, promotes a proinflammatory M1 macrophage phenotype and enhances atherosclerotic burden in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongzhong Huang
- Department of Geriatric Medicine The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University Chongqing 400010 China
| | - Zicheng Hu
- Institute of Ultrasound Imaging The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University Chongqing 400010 China
| | - Xiaorui Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University Chongqing 400010 China
| | - Yu Cao
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province Kunming 650032 China
| | - Hongrong Li
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province Kunming 650032 China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Cardiology The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province Kunming 650032 China
| | - Yongyong Li
- Department of Geriatric Medicine The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University Chongqing 400010 China
| | - Liwen Liang
- Department of Cardiology The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province Kunming 650032 China
| | - Yuxing Feng
- Department of Rehabilitation and Pain Medicine The Ninth People's Hospital of Chongqing Chongqing 400700 China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University Chongqing 400010 China
| | - Wenhua Su
- Department of Cardiology The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province Kunming 650032 China
| | - Zerui Kong
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery The Affiliated Yan An Hospital of Kunming Medical University Kunming 650000 China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research Kunming 650500 China
| | - ND Melgiri
- Impactys Foundation for Biomedical Research San Diego CA 92121 USA
| | - Lihong Jiang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province Kunming 650032 China
| | - Xingsheng Li
- Department of Geriatric Medicine The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University Chongqing 400010 China
| | - Jianlin Du
- Department of Cardiology The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University Chongqing 400010 China
| | - Yunqing Chen
- Department of Cardiology The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University Chongqing 400010 China
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29
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Fahed AC, Jang IK. Plaque erosion and acute coronary syndromes: phenotype, molecular characteristics and future directions. Nat Rev Cardiol 2021; 18:724-734. [PMID: 33953381 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-021-00542-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Although acute coronary syndromes (ACS) remain one of the leading causes of death, the clinical presentation has changed over the past three decades with a decline in the incidence of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and an increase in non-STEMI. This epidemiological shift is at least partially explained by changes in plaque biology as a result of the widespread use of statins. Historically, atherosclerotic plaque rupture of the fibrous cap was thought to be the main culprit in ACS. However, plaque erosion with an intact fibrous cap is now responsible for about one third of ACS and up to two thirds of non-STEMI. Two major research approaches have enabled a better understanding of plaque erosion. First, advanced intravascular imaging has provided opportunities for an 'optical biopsy' and extensive phenotyping of coronary plaques in living patients. Second, basic science experiments have shed light on the unique molecular characteristics of plaque erosion. At present, patients with ACS are still uniformly treated with coronary stents irrespective of the underlying pathobiology. However, pilot studies indicate that patients with plaque erosion might be treated conservatively without coronary stenting. In this Review, we discuss the patient phenotype and the molecular characteristics in atherosclerotic plaque erosion and provide our vision for a potential major shift in the management of patients with plaque erosion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akl C Fahed
- Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ik-Kyung Jang
- Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. .,Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea.
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30
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Arya P, Nabi S, Bhandari U. Modulatory role of atorvastatin against high-fat diet and zymosan-induced activation of TLR2/NF-ƙB signaling pathway in C57BL/6 mice. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2021; 24:1023-1032. [PMID: 34804419 PMCID: PMC8591763 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2021.55460.12409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Accumulated evidence provides a strong connection between the immune system and vascular inflammation. The innate immune system's main sensors are toll-like receptors (TLRs). Zymosan (Zym), a fungal product, induces an inflammatory response via activating TLR2 of the immune system. Atorvastatin, a potent statin, possesses pleiotropic effects including immunomodulatory, lipid-lowering, and anti-inflammatory. Therefore, the current study aimed to evaluate the protective role of atorvastatin against a high-fat diet (HFD) and Zym-induced vascular inflammation in C57BL/6 mice via modulation of TLR2/NF-ƙB signaling pathway. MATERIALS AND METHODS In silico study was conducted to confirm the binding affinity of atorvastatin against TLR2. Under in vivo study, mice were divided into four groups: Normal control: normal standard chow-diet fed for 30 days + Zym vehicle (sterile PBS, 5 mg/ml on 8th day); HFD (30 days) + Zym (80 mg/kg, IP, on 8th day); HFD/Zym + atorvastatin vehicle (0.5% CMC, p.o., from 10th to 30th day); HFD/Zym + atorvastatin (3.6 mg/kg, p.o., from 10th to 30th day). RESULTS Atorvastatin treatment along with HFD and Zym inhibited vascular inflammation by suppressing the levels of aortic TLR2, cardiac NF-ƙB and decrease in serum TNF-α and IL-6. Further, there was an increase in hepatic LDLR levels, resulting in a decrease in serum LDL-C and an increase in HDL-C levels. Histopathological examination of the aorta showed a reduction in plaque accumulation with the atorvastatin-treated group as compared with HFD and Zym-treated group. CONCLUSION Atorvastatin attenuates vascular inflammation mediated by HFD and Zym through suppression of TLR2, NF-ƙB, TNF-α, IL-6, and upregulation of LDLR levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Arya
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (SPER), Jamia Hamdard (UGC approved deemed to be University, Govt. of India), New Delhi- 110062, India
| | - Sayima Nabi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (SPER), Jamia Hamdard (UGC approved deemed to be University, Govt. of India), New Delhi- 110062, India
| | - Uma Bhandari
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (SPER), Jamia Hamdard (UGC approved deemed to be University, Govt. of India), New Delhi- 110062, India
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31
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Liu Y, Zienkiewicz J, Boyd KL, Smith TE, Xu ZQ, Hawiger J. Hyperlipidemic hypersensitivity to lethal microbial inflammation and its reversal by selective targeting of nuclear transport shuttles. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11907. [PMID: 34099795 PMCID: PMC8184916 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91395-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia, the hallmark of Metabolic Syndrome that afflicts millions of people worldwide, exacerbates life-threatening infections. We present a new evidence for the mechanism of hyperlipidemic hypersensitivity to microbial inflammation caused by pathogen-derived inducer, LPS. We demonstrate that hyperlipidemic animals succumbed to a non-lethal dose of LPS whereas normolipidemic controls survived. Strikingly, survival of hyperlipidemic animals was restored when the nuclear import of stress-responsive transcription factors (SRTFs), Sterol Regulatory Element-Binding Proteins (SREBPs), and Carbohydrate-Responsive Element-Binding Proteins (ChREBPs) was impeded by targeting the nuclear transport checkpoint with cell-penetrating, biselective nuclear transport modifier (NTM) peptide. Furthermore, the burst of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, microvascular endothelial injury in the liver, lungs, heart, and kidneys, and trafficking of inflammatory cells were also suppressed. To dissect the role of nuclear transport signaling pathways we designed and developed importin-selective NTM peptides. Selective targeting of the importin α5, ferrying SRTFs and ChREBPs, protected 70-100% hyperlipidemic animals. Targeting importin β1, that transports SREBPs, was only effective after 3-week treatment that lowered blood triglycerides, cholesterol, glucose, and averted fatty liver. Thus, the mechanism of hyperlipidemic hypersensitivity to lethal microbial inflammation depends on metabolic and proinflammatory transcription factors mobilization, which can be counteracted by targeting the nuclear transport checkpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Health Care System, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jozef Zienkiewicz
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Health Care System, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kelli L Boyd
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Taylor E Smith
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Health Care System, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Zhi-Qi Xu
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Health Care System, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jacek Hawiger
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Health Care System, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 21st Avenue South, T-1218, MCN, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
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32
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Deficiency of cysteinyl cathepsin K suppresses the development of experimental intimal hyperplasia in response to chronic stress. J Hypertens 2021; 38:1514-1524. [PMID: 32205563 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000002424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic psychological stress (CPS) is linked to cardiovascular disease initiation and progression. Given that cysteinyl cathepsin K (CatK) participates in vascular remodeling and atherosclerotic plaque growth in several animal models, we investigated the role of CatK in the development of experimental neointimal hyperplasia in response to chronic stress. METHODS AND RESULTS At first, male wild-type (CatK) mice that underwent carotid ligation injury were subjected to chronic immobilization stress. On postoperative and stressed day 14, the results demonstrated that stress accelerated injury-induced neointima hyperplasia. On day 4, stressed mice showed following: increased levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, gp91phox, toll-like receptor-2 (TLR2), TLR4, and CatK mRNAs or/and proteins, oxidative stress production, aorta-derived smooth muscle cell (SMC) migration, and macrophage infiltration as well as targeted intracellular proliferating-related molecules. Stressed mice showed increased matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and MMP-9 mRNA expressions and activities and elastin disruption in the injured carotid arteries. Second, CatK and CatK deficiency (CatK) mice received ligation injury and stress to explore the role of CatK. The stress-induced harmful changes were prevented by CatK. Finally, CatK mice that had undergone ligation surgery were randomly assigned to one of two groups and administered vehicle or CatK inhibitor for 14 days. Pharmacological CatK intervention produced a vascular benefit. CONCLUSION These data indicate that CatK deletion protects against the development of experimental neointimal hyperplasia via the attenuation of inflammatory overaction, oxidative stress production, and VSMC proliferation, suggesting that CatK is a novel therapeutic target for the management of CPS-related restenosis after intravascular intervention therapies.
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33
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Leistner DM, Kränkel N, Meteva D, Abdelwahed YS, Seppelt C, Stähli BE, Rai H, Skurk C, Lauten A, Mochmann HC, Fröhlich G, Rauch-Kröhnert U, Flores E, Riedel M, Sieronski L, Kia S, Strässler E, Haghikia A, Dirks F, Steiner JK, Mueller DN, Volk HD, Klotsche J, Joner M, Libby P, Landmesser U. Differential immunological signature at the culprit site distinguishes acute coronary syndrome with intact from acute coronary syndrome with ruptured fibrous cap: results from the prospective translational OPTICO-ACS study. Eur Heart J 2021; 41:3549-3560. [PMID: 33080003 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Acute coronary syndromes with intact fibrous cap (IFC-ACS), i.e. caused by coronary plaque erosion, account for approximately one-third of ACS. However, the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms as compared with ACS caused by plaque rupture (RFC-ACS) remain largely undefined. The prospective translational OPTICO-ACS study programme investigates for the first time the microenvironment of ACS-causing culprit lesions (CL) with intact fibrous cap by molecular high-resolution intracoronary imaging and simultaneous local immunological phenotyping. METHODS AND RESULTS The CL of 170 consecutive ACS patients were investigated by optical coherence tomography (OCT) and simultaneous immunophenotyping by flow cytometric analysis as well as by effector molecule concentration measurements across the culprit lesion gradient (ratio local/systemic levels). Within the study cohort, IFC caused 24.6% of ACS while RFC-ACS caused 75.4% as determined and validated by two independent OCT core laboratories. The IFC-CL were characterized by lower lipid content, less calcification, a thicker overlying fibrous cap, and largely localized near a coronary bifurcation as compared with RFC-CL. The microenvironment of IFC-ACS lesions demonstrated selective enrichment in both CD4+ and CD8+ T-lymphocytes (+8.1% and +11.2%, respectively, both P < 0.05) as compared with RFC-ACS lesions. T-cell-associated extracellular circulating microvesicles (MV) were more pronounced in IFC-ACS lesions and a significantly higher amount of CD8+ T-lymphocytes was detectable in thrombi aspirated from IFC-culprit sites. Furthermore, IFC-ACS lesions showed increased levels of the T-cell effector molecules granzyme A (+22.4%), perforin (+58.8%), and granulysin (+75.4%) as compared with RFC plaques (P < 0.005). Endothelial cells subjected to culture in disturbed laminar flow conditions, i.e. to simulate coronary flow near a bifurcation, demonstrated an enhanced adhesion of CD8+T cells. Finally, both CD8+T cells and their cytotoxic effector molecules caused endothelial cell death, a key potential pathophysiological mechanism in IFC-ACS. CONCLUSIONS The OPTICO-ACS study emphasizes a novel mechanism in the pathogenesis of IFC-ACS, favouring participation of the adaptive immune system, particularly CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells and their effector molecules. The different immune signatures identified in this study advance the understanding of coronary plaque progression and may provide a basis for future development of personalized therapeutic approaches to ACS with IFC. TRIAL REGISTRATION The study was registered at clinicalTrials.gov (NCT03129503).
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Leistner
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Centre Berlin and Charité University Medicine Berlin, Campus Benjamin-Franklin (CBF), Hindenburgdamm 30, Berlin D-12203, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) Partner Site Berlin, Berlin 12203, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin 10117, Germany
| | - Nicolle Kränkel
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Centre Berlin and Charité University Medicine Berlin, Campus Benjamin-Franklin (CBF), Hindenburgdamm 30, Berlin D-12203, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) Partner Site Berlin, Berlin 12203, Germany
| | - Denitsa Meteva
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Centre Berlin and Charité University Medicine Berlin, Campus Benjamin-Franklin (CBF), Hindenburgdamm 30, Berlin D-12203, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) Partner Site Berlin, Berlin 12203, Germany
| | - Youssef S Abdelwahed
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Centre Berlin and Charité University Medicine Berlin, Campus Benjamin-Franklin (CBF), Hindenburgdamm 30, Berlin D-12203, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) Partner Site Berlin, Berlin 12203, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin 10117, Germany
| | - Claudio Seppelt
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Centre Berlin and Charité University Medicine Berlin, Campus Benjamin-Franklin (CBF), Hindenburgdamm 30, Berlin D-12203, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) Partner Site Berlin, Berlin 12203, Germany
| | - Barbara E Stähli
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Centre Berlin and Charité University Medicine Berlin, Campus Benjamin-Franklin (CBF), Hindenburgdamm 30, Berlin D-12203, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) Partner Site Berlin, Berlin 12203, Germany
| | - Himanshu Rai
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) Partner Site Munch, Munich, 80636, Germany
| | - Carsten Skurk
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Centre Berlin and Charité University Medicine Berlin, Campus Benjamin-Franklin (CBF), Hindenburgdamm 30, Berlin D-12203, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) Partner Site Berlin, Berlin 12203, Germany
| | - Alexander Lauten
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Centre Berlin and Charité University Medicine Berlin, Campus Benjamin-Franklin (CBF), Hindenburgdamm 30, Berlin D-12203, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) Partner Site Berlin, Berlin 12203, Germany
| | - Hans-Christian Mochmann
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Centre Berlin and Charité University Medicine Berlin, Campus Benjamin-Franklin (CBF), Hindenburgdamm 30, Berlin D-12203, Germany
| | - Georg Fröhlich
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Centre Berlin and Charité University Medicine Berlin, Campus Benjamin-Franklin (CBF), Hindenburgdamm 30, Berlin D-12203, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) Partner Site Berlin, Berlin 12203, Germany
| | - Ursula Rauch-Kröhnert
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Centre Berlin and Charité University Medicine Berlin, Campus Benjamin-Franklin (CBF), Hindenburgdamm 30, Berlin D-12203, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) Partner Site Berlin, Berlin 12203, Germany
| | - Eduardo Flores
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Centre Berlin and Charité University Medicine Berlin, Campus Benjamin-Franklin (CBF), Hindenburgdamm 30, Berlin D-12203, Germany
| | - Matthias Riedel
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Centre Berlin and Charité University Medicine Berlin, Campus Benjamin-Franklin (CBF), Hindenburgdamm 30, Berlin D-12203, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) Partner Site Berlin, Berlin 12203, Germany
| | - Lara Sieronski
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Centre Berlin and Charité University Medicine Berlin, Campus Benjamin-Franklin (CBF), Hindenburgdamm 30, Berlin D-12203, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) Partner Site Berlin, Berlin 12203, Germany
| | - Sylvia Kia
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Centre Berlin and Charité University Medicine Berlin, Campus Benjamin-Franklin (CBF), Hindenburgdamm 30, Berlin D-12203, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) Partner Site Berlin, Berlin 12203, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Strässler
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Centre Berlin and Charité University Medicine Berlin, Campus Benjamin-Franklin (CBF), Hindenburgdamm 30, Berlin D-12203, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) Partner Site Berlin, Berlin 12203, Germany
| | - Arash Haghikia
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Centre Berlin and Charité University Medicine Berlin, Campus Benjamin-Franklin (CBF), Hindenburgdamm 30, Berlin D-12203, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) Partner Site Berlin, Berlin 12203, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin 10117, Germany
| | - Fabian Dirks
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Centre Berlin and Charité University Medicine Berlin, Campus Benjamin-Franklin (CBF), Hindenburgdamm 30, Berlin D-12203, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin 10117, Germany
| | - Julia K Steiner
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Centre Berlin and Charité University Medicine Berlin, Campus Benjamin-Franklin (CBF), Hindenburgdamm 30, Berlin D-12203, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) Partner Site Berlin, Berlin 12203, Germany
| | - Dominik N Mueller
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) Partner Site Berlin, Berlin 12203, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin 10117, Germany.,Experimental and Clinical Research Centre (ECRC), a cooperation of Charité University Medicine Berlin and Max Delbruck Centre for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin 13125, Germany.,Max Delbruck Centre for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin 13125, Germany
| | - Hans-Dieter Volk
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin 10117, Germany.,Institute for Medical Immunology and BIH Centre for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), and Berlin Centre for Advanced Therapies (BeCAT), Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin 13353, Germany
| | - Jens Klotsche
- German Rheumatism Research Centre Berlin, and Institute for Social Medicine, Epidemiology und Heath Economy, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin 10117, Germany
| | - Michael Joner
- Department of Cardiology and ISAR Research Centre, German Heart Centre, Munich, 80636, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) Partner Site Munch, Munich, 80636, Germany
| | - Peter Libby
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 77 Ave Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ulf Landmesser
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Centre Berlin and Charité University Medicine Berlin, Campus Benjamin-Franklin (CBF), Hindenburgdamm 30, Berlin D-12203, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) Partner Site Berlin, Berlin 12203, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin 10117, Germany
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34
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Hofeld BC, Puppala VK, Tyagi S, Ahn KW, Anger A, Jia S, Salzman NH, Hessner MJ, Widlansky ME. Lactobacillus plantarum 299v probiotic supplementation in men with stable coronary artery disease suppresses systemic inflammation. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3972. [PMID: 33597583 PMCID: PMC7889883 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83252-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent trials demonstrate that systemic anti-inflammatory therapy reduces cardiovascular events in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients. We recently demonstrated Lactobacillus plantarum 299v (Lp299v) supplementation improved vascular endothelial function in men with stable CAD. Whether this favorable effect is in part due to anti-inflammatory action remains unknown. Testing this hypothesis, we exposed plasma obtained before and after Lp299v supplementation from these subjects to a healthy donor's PBMCs and measured differences in the PBMC transciptome, performed gene ontological analyses, and compared Lp299v-induced transcriptome changes with changes in vascular function. Daily alcohol users (DAUs) (n = 4) had a significantly different response to Lp299v and were separated from the main analyses. Non-DAUs- (n = 15) showed improved brachial flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and reduced circulating IL-8, IL-12, and leptin. 997 genes were significantly changed. I.I.com decreased (1.01 ± 0.74 vs. 0.22 ± 0.51; P < 0.0001), indicating strong anti-inflammatory effects. Pathway analyses revealed downregulation of IL-1β, interferon-stimulated pathways, and toll-like receptor signaling, and an increase in regulator T-cell (Treg) activity. Reductions in GBP1, JAK2, and TRAIL expression correlated with improved FMD. In non-DAU men with stable CAD, post-Lp299v supplementation plasma induced anti-inflammatory transcriptome changes in human PBMCs that could benefit CAD patients. Future studies should delineate changes in circulating metabolites responsible for these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin C Hofeld
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Venkata K Puppala
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Sudhi Tyagi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Kwang Woo Ahn
- Department of Biostatistics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Amberly Anger
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Shuang Jia
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Nita H Salzman
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Martin J Hessner
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Michael E Widlansky
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Professor of Medicine and Pharmacology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Hub for Collaborative Medicine, 5th Floor A5743, 8701 W. Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.
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35
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McCoy MG, Nascimento DW, Veleeparambil M, Murtazina R, Gao D, Tkachenko S, Podrez E, Byzova TV. Endothelial TLR2 promotes proangiogenic immune cell recruitment and tumor angiogenesis. Sci Signal 2021; 14. [PMID: 33986920 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abc5371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) is implicated in various pathologies, mainly in terms of its function within innate immune cells. However, TLR2 is also present in endothelial cells. Here, we explored the physiological and pathophysiological roles of endothelial TLR2 signaling. We found that TLR2 was highly abundant in the endothelium within various tissues using TLR2-IRES-EGFP reporter mice and was required for proinflammatory endothelial cell function. Endothelial cells lacking TLR2 exhibited reduced proinflammatory potential at the protein, cell, and tissue levels. Loss of endothelial TLR2 blunted the inflammatory response to both exogenous and endogenous danger signals in endothelial cells in culture and in vivo. Endothelial TLR2 promoted tumor growth, angiogenesis, and protumorigenic immune cell recruitment in a mouse model of prostate cancer. Furthermore, the cell surface localization of P-selectin and the subsequent production of other critical cell adhesion molecules (such as E-selectin, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1) that recruit immune cells required endothelial TLR2. Our findings demonstrate that endothelial cells actively contribute to innate immune pathways and propose that endothelial TLR2 has a pathological role in proinflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G McCoy
- Department of Neuroscience, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH, USA 44195
| | - Daniel W Nascimento
- Department of Neuroscience, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH, USA 44195
| | - Manoj Veleeparambil
- Department of Neuroscience, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH, USA 44195
| | - Rakhylia Murtazina
- Department of Neuroscience, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH, USA 44195
| | - Detao Gao
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH, USA 44195
| | - Svyatoslav Tkachenko
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH, USA 44195
| | - Eugene Podrez
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH, USA 44195
| | - Tatiana V Byzova
- Department of Neuroscience, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH, USA 44195
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36
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Kamperidis N, Kamperidis V, Zegkos T, Kostourou I, Nikolaidou O, Arebi N, Karvounis H. Atherosclerosis and Inflammatory Bowel Disease-Shared Pathogenesis and Implications for Treatment. Angiology 2020; 72:303-314. [PMID: 33601945 DOI: 10.1177/0003319720974552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are often regarded as 2 distinct entities. The commonest manifestation of atherosclerosis is ischemic heart disease (IHD), and an association between IHD and IBD has been reported. Atherosclerosis and IBD share common pathophysiological mechanisms in terms of their genetics, immunology, and contributing environmental factors. Factors associated with atherosclerosis are implicated in the development of IBD and vice versa. Therefore, treatments targeting the common pathophysiology pathways may be effective in both conditions. The current review considers the pathophysiological pathways that are shared between the 2 conditions and discusses the implications for treatment and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Kamperidis
- 3749St Mark's Hospital, Harrow, London, United Kingdom.,* Nikolaos Kamperidis and Vasileios Kamperidis are sharing first authorship
| | - Vasileios Kamperidis
- 1st Cardiology Department, 37788AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.,* Nikolaos Kamperidis and Vasileios Kamperidis are sharing first authorship
| | - Thomas Zegkos
- 1st Cardiology Department, 37788AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Olga Nikolaidou
- Radiology Department, Pananikolaou General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Naila Arebi
- 3749St Mark's Hospital, Harrow, London, United Kingdom
| | - Haralambos Karvounis
- 1st Cardiology Department, 37788AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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37
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Li Z, Wu N, Wang J, Zhang Q. Roles of Endovascular Calyx Related Enzymes in Endothelial Dysfunction and Diabetic Vascular Complications. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:590614. [PMID: 33328998 PMCID: PMC7734331 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.590614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the number of diabetic patients has rapidly increased. Diabetic vascular complications seriously affect people’s quality of life. Studies found that endothelial dysfunction precedes the vascular complications of diabetes. Endothelial dysfunction is related to glycocalyx degradation on the surface of blood vessels. Heparanase (HPSE), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP), hyaluronidase (HYAL), hyaluronic acid synthase (HAS), and neuraminidase (NEU) are related to glycocalyx degradation. Therefore, we reviewed the relationship between endothelial dysfunction and the vascular complications of diabetes from the perspective of enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Li
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Lab for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Lab for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Wu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Lab for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Lab for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Quanbin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Lab for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Lab for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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38
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Grégory Franck. Role of mechanical stress and neutrophils in the pathogenesis of plaque erosion. Atherosclerosis 2020; 318:60-69. [PMID: 33190807 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2020.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical stress is a well-recognized driver of plaque rupture. Likewise, investigating the role of mechanical forces in plaque erosion has recently begun to provide some important insights, yet the knowledge is by far less advanced. The most significant example is that of shear stress, which has early been proposed as a possible driver for focal endothelial death and denudation. Recent findings using optical coherence tomography, computational sciences and mechanical models show that plaque erosion occurs most likely around atheromatous plaque throats with specific stress pattern. In parallel, we have recently shown that neutrophil-dependent inflammation promotes plaque erosion, possibly through a noxious action on ECs. Most importantly, spontaneous thrombosis - associated or not with EC denudation - can be impacted by hemodynamics, and it is now established that neutrophils promote thrombosis and platelet activation, highlighting a potential relationship between, mechanical stress, inflammation, and EC loss in the setting of coronary plaque erosion. Here, we review our current knowledge regarding the implication of both mechanical stress and neutrophils, and we discuss their implication in the promotion of plaque erosion via EC loss and thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grégory Franck
- Inserm LVTS U1148. CHU Bichat, 46 Rue Henri Huchard, 75018, Paris, France.
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Kiouptsi K, Pontarollo G, Todorov H, Braun J, Jäckel S, Koeck T, Bayer F, Karwot C, Karpi A, Gerber S, Jansen Y, Wild P, Ruf W, Daiber A, Van Der Vorst E, Weber C, Döring Y, Reinhardt C. Germ-free housing conditions do not affect aortic root and aortic arch lesion size of late atherosclerotic low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient mice. Gut Microbes 2020; 11:1809-1823. [PMID: 32579470 PMCID: PMC7524356 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2020.1767463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The microbiota has been linked to the development of atherosclerosis, but the functional impact of these resident bacteria on the lesion size and cellular composition of atherosclerotic plaques in the aorta has never been experimentally addressed with the germ-free low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient (Ldlr-/- ) mouse atherosclerosis model. Here, we report that 16 weeks of high-fat diet (HFD) feeding of hypercholesterolemic Ldlr-/- mice at germ-free (GF) housing conditions did not impact relative aortic root plaque size, macrophage content, and necrotic core area. Likewise, we did not find changes in the relative aortic arch lesion size. However, late atherosclerotic GF Ldlr-/- mice had altered inflammatory plasma protein markers and reduced smooth muscle cell content in their atherosclerotic root plaques relative to CONV-R Ldlr-/- mice. Neither absolute nor relative aortic root or aortic arch plaque size correlated with age. Our analyses on GF Ldlr-/- mice did not reveal a significant contribution of the microbiota in late aortic atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klytaimnistra Kiouptsi
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Giulia Pontarollo
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Hristo Todorov
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Neurobiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Johannes Braun
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sven Jäckel
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site RheinMain, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Koeck
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site RheinMain, Mainz, Germany,Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine, Center for Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Franziska Bayer
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Cornelia Karwot
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Angelica Karpi
- Center for Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Susanne Gerber
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Neurobiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Yvonne Jansen
- Institute of Cardiovascular Prevention, Department of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Philipp Wild
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site RheinMain, Mainz, Germany,Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine, Center for Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Wolfram Ruf
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site RheinMain, Mainz, Germany,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, USA
| | - Andreas Daiber
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site RheinMain, Mainz, Germany,Center for Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Emiel Van Der Vorst
- Institute of Cardiovascular Prevention, Department of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany,Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands,Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christian Weber
- Institute of Cardiovascular Prevention, Department of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Yvonne Döring
- Institute of Cardiovascular Prevention, Department of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany,Division of Angiology, Swiss Cardiovascular Center, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Reinhardt
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site RheinMain, Mainz, Germany,CONTACT Christoph Reinhardt University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz55131, Germany
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Shabbir A, Rathod KS, Khambata RS, Ahluwalia A. Sex Differences in the Inflammatory Response: Pharmacological Opportunities for Therapeutics for Coronary Artery Disease. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2020; 61:333-359. [PMID: 33035428 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-010919-023229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Coordinated molecular responses are key to effective initiation and resolution of both acute and chronic inflammation. Vascular inflammation plays an important role in initiating and perpetuating atherosclerotic disease, specifically at the site of plaque and subsequent fibrous cap rupture. Both men and women succumb to this disease process, and although management strategies have focused on revascularization and pharmacological therapies in the acute situation to reverse vessel closure and prevent thrombogenesis, data now suggest that regulation of host inflammation may improve both morbidity and mortality, thus supporting the notion that prevention is better than cure. There is a clear sex difference in the incidence of vascular disease, and data confirm biological differences in inflammatory initiation and resolution between men and women. This article reviews contemporary opinions describing the sex difference in the initiation and resolution of inflammatory responses, with a view to explore potential targets for pharmacological intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asad Shabbir
- The William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom;
| | - Krishnaraj Sinhji Rathod
- The William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom;
| | - Rayomand Syrus Khambata
- The William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom;
| | - Amrita Ahluwalia
- The William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom;
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41
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Implication of Gut Microbiota in Cardiovascular Diseases. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:5394096. [PMID: 33062141 PMCID: PMC7533754 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5394096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence has identified the association between gut microbiota and various diseases, including cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Altered intestinal flora composition has been described in detail in CVDs, such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, heart failure, and arrhythmia. In contrast, the importance of fermentation metabolites, such as trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and secondary bile acid (BA), has also been implicated in CVD development, prevention, treatment, and prognosis. The potential mechanisms are conventionally thought to involve immune regulation, host energy metabolism, and oxidative stress. However, numerous types of programmed cell death, including apoptosis, autophagy, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, and clockophagy, also serve as a key link in microbiome-host cross talk. In this review, we introduced and summarized the results from recent studies dealing with the relationship between gut microbiota and cardiac disorders, highlighting the role of programmed cell death. We hope to shed light on microbiota-targeted therapeutic strategies in CVD management.
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42
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Qu D, Wang L, Huo M, Song W, Lau CW, Xu J, Xu A, Yao X, Chiu JJ, Tian XY, Huang Y. Focal TLR4 activation mediates disturbed flow-induced endothelial inflammation. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 116:226-236. [PMID: 30785200 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvz046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Disturbed blood flow at arterial branches and curvatures modulates endothelial function and predisposes the region to endothelial inflammation and subsequent development of atherosclerotic lesions. Activation of the endothelial Toll-like receptors (TLRs), in particular TLR4, contributes to vascular inflammation. Therefore, we investigate whether TLR4 can sense disturbed flow (DF) to mediate the subsequent endothelial inflammation. METHODS AND RESULTS En face staining of endothelium revealed that TLR4 expression, activation, and its downstream inflammatory markers were elevated in mouse aortic arch compared with thoracic aorta, which were absent in Tlr4mut mice. Similar results were observed in the partial carotid ligation model where TLR4 signalling was activated in response to ligation-induced flow disturbance in mouse carotid arteries, and such effect was attenuated in Tlr4mut mice. DF in vitro increased TLR4 expression and activation in human endothelial cells (ECs) and promoted monocyte-EC adhesion, which were inhibited in TLR4-knockdown ECs. Among endogenous TLR4 ligands examined as candidate mediators of DF-induced TLR4 activation, fibronectin containing the extra domain A (FN-EDA) expressed by ECs was increased by DF and was revealed to directly interact with and activate TLR4. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate the indispensable role of TLR4 in DF-induced endothelial inflammation and pinpoint FN-EDA as the endogenous TLR4 activator in this scenario. This novel mechanism of vascular inflammation under DF condition may serve as a critical initiating step in atherogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Qu
- Shenzhen Research Institute, Institute of Vascular Medicine and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Li Wang
- Shenzhen Research Institute, Institute of Vascular Medicine and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mingyu Huo
- Shenzhen Research Institute, Institute of Vascular Medicine and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wencong Song
- Shenzhen Research Institute, Institute of Vascular Medicine and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chi-Wai Lau
- Shenzhen Research Institute, Institute of Vascular Medicine and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jian Xu
- Shenzhen Research Institute, Institute of Vascular Medicine and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Aimin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Yao
- Shenzhen Research Institute, Institute of Vascular Medicine and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jeng-Jiann Chiu
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Xiao Yu Tian
- Shenzhen Research Institute, Institute of Vascular Medicine and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Shenzhen Research Institute, Institute of Vascular Medicine and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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43
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Yamaoka-Tojo M. Endothelial glycocalyx damage as a systemic inflammatory microvascular endotheliopathy in COVID-19. Biomed J 2020; 43:399-413. [PMID: 33032965 PMCID: PMC7443638 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2020.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In atherosclerosis patients, vascular endothelial dysfunction is commonly observed alongside damage of the vascular endothelial glycocalyx, an extracellular matrix bound to and encapsulating the endothelial cells lining the blood vessel wall. Although atherosclerotic risk factors have been reported in severe patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the exact mechanisms are unclear. The mortality associated with the COVID-19 outbreak is increased by comorbidities, including hypertension, diabetes, obesity, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and cardiovascular disease. Besides, older individuals and smokers have significantly worse outcomes. Interestingly, these comorbidities and risk factors are consistent with the pathophysiology that causes vascular endothelial glycocalyx damage. Moreover, vascular glycocalyx dysfunction causes microvascular leakage, which results in interstitial pulmonary abnormal shadows (multiple patchy shadows with a ground glass inter-pneumonic appearance). This is frequently followed by severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), closely related to coagulo-fibrinolytic changes contributing to disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and Kawasaki disease shock syndrome, as well as inducing activation of the coagulation cascade, leading to thromboembolism and multiple organ failure. Notably, SARS-CoV-2, the causative virus of COVID-19, binds to ACE2, which is abundantly present not only in human epithelia of the lung and the small intestine, but also in vascular endothelial cells and arterial smooth muscle cells. Moreover, COVID-19 can induce severe septic shock, and sepsis can easily lead to systemic degradation of the vascular endothelial glycocalyx. In the current review, we propose new concepts and therapeutic goals for COVID-19-related vascular endothelial glycocalyx damage, based on previous vascular endothelial medicine research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minako Yamaoka-Tojo
- Department of Rehabilitation/Regenerative Medicine and Cell Design Research Facility, Kitasato University School of Allied Health Sciences, Sagamihara, Japan; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kitasato University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Sagamihara, Japan.
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44
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Arya P, Bhandari U. Involvement of the toll-like receptors-2/nuclear factor-kappa B signaling pathway in atherosclerosis induced by high-fat diet and zymosan A in C57BL/6 mice. Indian J Pharmacol 2020; 52:203-209. [PMID: 32874003 PMCID: PMC7446673 DOI: 10.4103/ijp.ijp_567_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Accumulated evidence reported a link between the immune system, microbial infection, and the development of atherosclerosis. Excess intake of high-fat diet (HFD) increases blood lipid levels and induces inflammatory pathways whereas zymosan A (Zym), a microbial component, mediates inflammatory response through the stimulation of specific ligand of toll-like receptors (TLRs) of the immune system. The current research work was aimed to evaluate the mechanism behind atherosclerosis mediated by HFD and Zym in C57BL/6 mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The mice were orally fed with HFD for 30 days and Zym (80 mg/kg, single intraperitoneal injection on day 8th). On the 31st day, blood was withdrawn from overnight fasted mice by tail vein puncture and estimated for serum lipids and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). Animals were sacrificed, and cardiac, liver, and aortic tissues were isolated for the estimation of cardiac TLR-2, nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-ƙB); hepatic low-density lipoprotein receptors (LDLR); and base of aorta analyzed for histopathology. RESULTS: It was found that HFD and Zym administration increased arterial inflammation directly through modulation of the TLR-2/NF-ƙB pathway, thereby upregulate serum TNF-α, cardiac TLR-2, and NF-ƙB levels. Further, HFD and Zym treatment significantly increased serum lipid levels and marked decrease in LDLR protein expression in the liver when compared to normal control mice. Histopathological analysis showed the formation of atherosclerotic plaque. CONCLUSION: The study is first, to our current knowledge, to demonstrate the involvement of the TLR-2/NF-ƙB signaling pathway in atherosclerosis induced by HFD and Zym in C57BL/6 mice, resulting in increased degradation of LDLR protein, thereby, increasing the serum lipid levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Arya
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard (Deemed to be University), New Delhi, India
| | - Uma Bhandari
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard (Deemed to be University), New Delhi, India
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45
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Eating right for a healthier heart: Food choice contributes to cardiometabolic benefits and reduction of carotid intima-media thickness. Nutrition 2020; 78:110892. [PMID: 32721768 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2020.110892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Diets may alter an individual's metabolism and inflammation, collectively leading to the modulation of cardiovascular health and disease process. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of diets and diet-associated metabolites on metabolic profiles, inflammatory status, and severity of atherosclerosis. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted with 81 healthy adults in Taiwan. A food frequency questionnaire was obtained for evaluating dietary intake. Carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), a relevant marker of subclinical atherosclerosis, was measured by ultrasound. RESULTS Consumption of instant noodles and sugary beverages was associated with worse metabolic profiles. In contrast, the intake of fresh fruit and green vegetables was correlated with better metabolic parameters. Sugary beverages were dose-dependently correlated with higher expressions of toll-like receptor (TLR)2 and TLR4 on monocytes, whereas fresh fruit intake was associated with lower TLRs. Furthermore, consumption of green vegetables, brown rice, and >2000 mL/d of water was inversely correlated with CIMT. The diet-associated metabolites including trimethylamine N-oxide and S-adenosyl-l-homocysteine, were positively associated with CIMT, whereas l-lysine and l-carnitine were associated with decreased CIMT. Interestingly, intake of strict vegetarian foods resulted in lower serum total cholesterol levels without a detectable effect on inflammatory status or CIMT. CONCLUSIONS Independent of the pattern of strict vegetarian foods, individuals who consumed more vegetables, fresh fruit, and water showed better cardiovascular health as evidenced by their metabolic and inflammatory status and CIMT results.
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46
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Sohrabi Y, Lagache SMM, Voges VC, Semo D, Sonntag G, Hanemann I, Kahles F, Waltenberger J, Findeisen HM. OxLDL-mediated immunologic memory in endothelial cells. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2020; 146:121-132. [PMID: 32726647 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2020.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Trained innate immunity describes the metabolic reprogramming and long-term proinflammatory activation of innate immune cells in response to different pathogen or damage associated molecular patterns, such as oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL). Here, we have investigated whether the regulatory networks of trained innate immunity also control endothelial cell activation following oxLDL treatment. Human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) were primed with oxLDL for 24 h. After a resting time of 4 days, cells were restimulated with the TLR2-agonist PAM3cys4. OxLDL priming induced a proinflammatory memory with increased production of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, IL-8 and MCP-1 in response to PAM3cys4 restimulation. This memory formation was dependent on TLR2 activation. Furthermore, oxLDL priming of HAECs caused characteristic metabolic and epigenetic reprogramming, including activation of mTOR-HIF1α-signaling with increases in glucose consumption and lactate production, as well as epigenetic modifications in inflammatory gene promoters. Inhibition of mTOR-HIF1α-signaling or histone methyltransferases blocked the observed phenotype. Furthermore, primed HAECs showed epigenetic activation of ICAM-1 and increased ICAM-1 expression in a HIF1α-dependent manner. Accordingly, live cell imaging revealed increased monocyte adhesion and transmigration following oxLDL priming. In summary, we demonstrate that oxLDL-mediated endothelial cell activation represents an immunologic event, which triggers metabolic and epigenetic reprogramming. Molecular mechanisms regulating trained innate immunity in innate immune cells also regulate this sustained proinflammatory phenotype in HAECs with enhanced atheroprone cell functions. Further research is necessary to elucidate the detailed metabolic regulation and the functional relevance for atherosclerosis formation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahya Sohrabi
- Department of Cardiology I - Coronary and Peripheral Vascular Disease, Heart Failure, University Hospital Münster, Germany.
| | - Sina M M Lagache
- Department of Cardiology I - Coronary and Peripheral Vascular Disease, Heart Failure, University Hospital Münster, Germany
| | - Vivienne C Voges
- Department of Cardiology I - Coronary and Peripheral Vascular Disease, Heart Failure, University Hospital Münster, Germany
| | - Dilvin Semo
- Department of Cardiology I - Coronary and Peripheral Vascular Disease, Heart Failure, University Hospital Münster, Germany
| | - Glenn Sonntag
- Department of Cardiology I - Coronary and Peripheral Vascular Disease, Heart Failure, University Hospital Münster, Germany
| | - Irene Hanemann
- Department of Cardiology I - Coronary and Peripheral Vascular Disease, Heart Failure, University Hospital Münster, Germany
| | - Florian Kahles
- Department of Internal Medicine I-Cardiology, University Hospital Aachen, Germany
| | - Johannes Waltenberger
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital Münster, Germany; Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003 - CiM), University of Münster, Germany
| | - Hannes M Findeisen
- Department of Cardiology I - Coronary and Peripheral Vascular Disease, Heart Failure, University Hospital Münster, Germany.
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Fukuda D, Nishimoto S, Aini K, Tanaka A, Nishiguchi T, Kim-Kaneyama JR, Lei XF, Masuda K, Naruto T, Tanaka K, Higashikuni Y, Hirata Y, Yagi S, Kusunose K, Yamada H, Soeki T, Imoto I, Akasaka T, Shimabukuro M, Sata M. Toll-Like Receptor 9 Plays a Pivotal Role in Angiotensin II-Induced Atherosclerosis. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 8:e010860. [PMID: 30905257 PMCID: PMC6509720 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.118.010860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Toll-like receptor ( TLR ) 9 recognizes bacterial DNA , activating innate immunity, whereas it also provokes inflammation in response to fragmented DNA released from mammalian cells. We investigated whether TLR 9 contributes to the development of vascular inflammation and atherogenesis using apolipoprotein E-deficient ( Apoe -/-) mice. Methods and Results Tlr9-deficient Apoe -/- ( Tlr9 -/- Apoe -/-) mice and Apoe -/- mice on a Western-type diet received subcutaneous angiotensin II infusion (1000 ng/kg per minute) for 28 days. Angiotensin II increased the plasma level of double-stranded DNA, an endogenous ligand of TLR 9, in these mice. Genetic deletion or pharmacologic blockade of TLR 9 in angiotensin II-infused Apoe -/- mice attenuated atherogenesis in the aortic arch ( P<0.05), reduced the accumulation of lipid and macrophages in atherosclerotic plaques, and decreased RNA expression of inflammatory molecules in the aorta with no alteration of metabolic parameters. On the other hand, restoration of TLR 9 in bone marrow in Tlr9 -/- Apoe -/- mice promoted atherogenesis in the aortic arch ( P<0.05). A TLR 9 agonist markedly promoted proinflammatory activation of Apoe -/- macrophages, partially through p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling. In addition, genomic DNA extracted from macrophages promoted inflammatory molecule expression more effectively in Apoe -/- macrophages than in Tlr9 -/- Apoe -/- macrophages. Furthermore, in humans, circulating double-stranded DNA in the coronary artery positively correlated with inflammatory features of coronary plaques determined by optical coherence tomography in patients with acute myocardial infarction ( P<0.05). Conclusions TLR 9 plays a pivotal role in the development of vascular inflammation and atherogenesis through proinflammatory activation of macrophages. TLR 9 may serve as a potential therapeutic target for atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiju Fukuda
- 1 Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Tokushima Japan.,2 Department of Cardio-Diabetes Medicine Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Tokushima Japan
| | - Sachiko Nishimoto
- 1 Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Tokushima Japan
| | - Kunduziayi Aini
- 1 Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Tokushima Japan
| | - Atsushi Tanaka
- 3 Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Wakayama Medical University Wakayama Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Nishiguchi
- 3 Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Wakayama Medical University Wakayama Japan
| | - Joo-Ri Kim-Kaneyama
- 4 Department of Biochemistry Showa University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
| | - Xiao-Feng Lei
- 4 Department of Biochemistry Showa University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Masuda
- 5 Department of Human Genetics Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Tokushima Japan
| | - Takuya Naruto
- 5 Department of Human Genetics Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Tokushima Japan
| | - Kimie Tanaka
- 6 Division for Health Service Promotion The University of Tokyo Japan
| | | | - Yoichiro Hirata
- 8 Department of Pediatrics The University of Tokyo Hospital Tokyo Japan
| | - Shusuke Yagi
- 1 Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Tokushima Japan
| | - Kenya Kusunose
- 1 Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Tokushima Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Yamada
- 9 Department of Community Medicine for Cardiology Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Tokushima Japan
| | - Takeshi Soeki
- 1 Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Tokushima Japan
| | - Issei Imoto
- 5 Department of Human Genetics Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Tokushima Japan
| | - Takashi Akasaka
- 3 Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Wakayama Medical University Wakayama Japan
| | - Michio Shimabukuro
- 2 Department of Cardio-Diabetes Medicine Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Tokushima Japan.,10 Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism School of Medicine Fukushima Medical University Fukushima Japan
| | - Masataka Sata
- 1 Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Tokushima Japan
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48
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Li B, Xia Y, Hu B. Infection and atherosclerosis: TLR-dependent pathways. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:2751-2769. [PMID: 32002588 PMCID: PMC7223178 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03453-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerotic vascular disease (ASVD) is a chronic process, with a progressive course over many years, but it can cause acute clinical events, including acute coronary syndromes (ACS), myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke. In addition to a series of typical risk factors for atherosclerosis, like hyperlipidemia, hypertension, smoking and obesity, emerging evidence suggests that atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease, suggesting that chronic infection plays an important role in the development of atherosclerosis. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are the most characteristic members of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), which play an important role in innate immune mechanism. TLRs play different roles in different stages of infection of atherosclerosis-related pathogens such as Chlamydia pneumoniae (C. pneumoniae), periodontal pathogens including Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis), Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Overall, activation of TLR2 and 4 seems to have a profound impact on infection-related atherosclerosis. This article reviews the role of TLRs in the process of atherosclerosis after C. pneumoniae and other infections and the current status of treatment, with a view to providing a new direction and potential therapeutic targets for the study of ASVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowei Li
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yuanpeng Xia
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| | - Bo Hu
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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Zhou Y, Little PJ, Downey L, Afroz R, Wu Y, Ta HT, Xu S, Kamato D. The Role of Toll-like Receptors in Atherothrombotic Cardiovascular Disease. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2020; 3:457-471. [PMID: 32566912 PMCID: PMC7296543 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.9b00100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are dominant components of the innate immune system. Activated by both pathogen-associated molecular patterns and damage-associated molecular patterns, TLRs underpin the pathology of numerous inflammation related diseases that include not only immune diseases, but also cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes, obesity, and cancers. Growing evidence has demonstrated that TLRs are involved in multiple cardiovascular pathophysiologies, such as atherosclerosis and hypertension. Specifically, a trial called the Canakinumab Anti-inflammatory Thrombosis Outcomes Study showed the use of an antibody that neutralizes interleukin-1β, reduces the recurrence of cardiovascular events, demonstrating inflammation as a therapeutic target and also the research value of targeting the TLR system in CVD. In this review, we provide an update of the interplay between TLR signaling, inflammatory mediators, and atherothrombosis, with an aim to identify new therapeutic targets for atherothrombotic CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhou
- School
of Pharmacy, University of Queensland, Pharmacy
Australia Centre of Excellence, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Peter J. Little
- School
of Pharmacy, University of Queensland, Pharmacy
Australia Centre of Excellence, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia
- Department
of Pharmacy, Xinhua College of Sun Yat-Sen
University, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510520, China
| | - Liam Downey
- School
of Pharmacy, University of Queensland, Pharmacy
Australia Centre of Excellence, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Rizwana Afroz
- School
of Pharmacy, University of Queensland, Pharmacy
Australia Centre of Excellence, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Yuao Wu
- Australian
Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Hang T. Ta
- School
of Pharmacy, University of Queensland, Pharmacy
Australia Centre of Excellence, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia
- Australian
Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Suowen Xu
- Aab
Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York 14642, United States
| | - Danielle Kamato
- School
of Pharmacy, University of Queensland, Pharmacy
Australia Centre of Excellence, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia
- Department
of Pharmacy, Xinhua College of Sun Yat-Sen
University, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510520, China
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Sulfur Compounds Inhibit High Glucose-Induced Inflammation by Regulating NF-κB Signaling in Human Monocytes. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25102342. [PMID: 32429534 PMCID: PMC7287819 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25102342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
High glucose-induced inflammation leads to atherosclerosis, which is considered a major cause of death in type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients. Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) plays a central role in high glucose-induced inflammation and is activated through toll-like receptors (TLRs) as well as canonical and protein kinase C-dependent (PKC) pathways. Non-toxic sulfur (NTS) and methylsulfonylmethane (MSM) are two sulfur-containing natural compounds that can induce anti-inflammation. Using Western blotting, real-time polymerase chain reaction, and flow cytometry, we found that high glucose-induced inflammation occurs through activation of TLRs. An effect of NTS and MSM on canonical and PKC-dependent NF-κB pathways was also demonstrated by western blotting. The effects of proinflammatory cytokines were investigated using a chromatin immunoprecipitation assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Our results showed inhibition of the glucose-induced expression of TLR2 and TLR4 by NTS and MSM. These sulfur compounds also inhibited NF-κB activity through reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated canonical and PKC-dependent pathways. Finally, NTS and MSM inhibited the high glucose-induced expression of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α and binding of NF-κB protein to the DNA of proinflammatory cytokines. Together, these results suggest that NTS and MSM may be potential drug candidates for anti-inflammation therapy.
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