1
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Zhang L, Wang X, Chen XW. The biogenesis and transport of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2024:S1043-2760(24)00196-6. [PMID: 39164120 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2024.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024]
Abstract
Triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRLs) play essential roles in human health and disease by transporting bulk lipids into the circulation. This review summarizes the fundamental mechanisms and diverse factors governing lipoprotein production, secretion, and regulation. Emphasizing the broader implications for human health, we outline the intricate landscape of lipoprotein research and highlight the potential coordination between the biogenesis and transport of TRLs in physiology, particularly the unexpected coupling of metabolic enzymes and transport machineries. Challenges and opportunities in lipoprotein biology with respect to inherited diseases and viral infections are also discussed. Further characterization of the biogenesis and transport of TRLs will advance both basic research in lipid biology and translational medicine for metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China; Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Xiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China; Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China.
| | - Xiao-Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China; Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China; Peking University (PKU)-Tsinghua University (THU) Joint Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China.
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2
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Malinowski D, Safranow K, Pawlik A. PON1 rs662, rs854560 and TRIB1 rs17321515, rs2954029 Gene Polymorphisms Are Associated with Lipid Parameters in Patients with Unstable Angina. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:871. [PMID: 39062650 PMCID: PMC11275408 DOI: 10.3390/genes15070871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute coronary heart disease (CHD) is mainly caused by the rupture of an unstable atherosclerotic plaque. Many different factors can cause stenosis or even occlusion of the coronary artery lumen, such as vasculitis and platelet aggregation. Our study was performed to assess the association between PON1 rs662, rs854560 and TRIB1 rs17321515, rs2954029 polymorphisms and the risk of CHD, as well as the association between studied polymorphisms and selected clinical parameters affecting the risk of developing ischemic heart disease. A total of 232 patients with unstable angina were enrolled in this study. There were no statistically significant differences in the PON1 rs662, rs854560 and TRIB1 rs17321515, rs2954029 polymorphism distributions between the total study and control groups. Total cholesterol plasma levels were significantly higher in patients with the PON1 rs662 TT genotype compared to those with the CC+TC genotypes, as well as in patients with the PON1 rs854560 TT genotype compared to those with the AA+AT genotypes. LDL plasma levels were significantly increased in patients with the PON1 rs854560 TT genotype compared to those with the AA+AT genotypes. Plasma levels of HDL were significantly decreased in patients with the TRIB1 rs17321515 AA+AG genotypes compared to those with the GG genotype, as well as in patients with the TRIB1 rs2954029 AA+AT genotypes compared to those with the TT genotype. Our results suggest that the analysed polymorphisms are not risk factors for unstable angina in the Polish population. However, the results of this study indicate an association between the PON1 rs662, rs854560 and TRIB1 rs17321515, rs2954029 polymorphisms with lipid parameters in patients with coronary artery disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian Malinowski
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Therapeutic Drug Monitoring, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Krzysztof Safranow
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Andrzej Pawlik
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
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3
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Singh K, Showalter CA, Manring HR, Haque SJ, Chakravarti A. "Oh, Dear We Are in Tribble": An Overview of the Oncogenic Functions of Tribbles 1. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1889. [PMID: 38791967 PMCID: PMC11120034 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16101889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Pseudokinases are catalytically inactive proteins in the human genome that lack the ability to transfer phosphate from ATP to their substrates. The Tribbles family of pseudokinases contains three members: Tribbles 1, 2, and 3. Tribbles 1 has recently gained importance because of its involvement in various diseases, including cancer. It acts as a scaffolding protein that brings about the degradation of its substrate proteins, such as C/EBPα/β, MLXIPL, and RAR/RXRα, among others, via the ubiquitin proteasome system. It also serves as an adapter protein, which sequesters different protein molecules and activates their downstream signaling, leading to processes, such as cell survival, cell proliferation, and lipid metabolism. It has been implicated in cancers such as AML, prostate cancer, breast cancer, CRC, HCC, and glioma, where it activates oncogenic signaling pathways such as PI3K-AKT and MAPK and inhibits the anti-tumor function of p53. TRIB1 also causes treatment resistance in cancers such as NSCLC, breast cancer, glioma, and promyelocytic leukemia. All these effects make TRIB1 a potential drug target. However, the lack of a catalytic domain renders TRIB1 "undruggable", but knowledge about its structure, conformational changes during substrate binding, and substrate binding sites provides an opportunity to design small-molecule inhibitors against specific TRIB1 interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Arnab Chakravarti
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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4
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Yan T, Yan N, Xia Y, Sawaswong V, Zhu X, Dias HB, Aibara D, Takahashi S, Hamada K, Saito Y, Li G, Liu H, Yan H, Velenosi TJ, Krausz KW, Huang J, Kimura S, Rotman Y, Qu A, Hao H, Gonzalez FJ. Hepatocyte-specific CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α restricts liver fibrosis progression. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e166731. [PMID: 38557493 PMCID: PMC10977981 DOI: 10.1172/jci166731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) - previously described as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) - is a major driver of liver fibrosis in humans, while liver fibrosis is a key determinant of all-cause mortality in liver disease independent of MASH occurrence. CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α (CEBPA), as a versatile ligand-independent transcriptional factor, has an important function in myeloid cells, and is under clinical evaluation for cancer therapy. CEBPA is also expressed in hepatocytes and regulates glucolipid homeostasis; however, the role of hepatocyte-specific CEBPA in modulating liver fibrosis progression is largely unknown. Here, hepatic CEBPA expression was found to be decreased during MASH progression both in humans and mice, and hepatic CEBPA mRNA was negatively correlated with MASH fibrosis in the human liver. CebpaΔHep mice had markedly enhanced liver fibrosis induced by a high-fat, high-cholesterol, high-fructose diet or carbon tetrachloride. Temporal and spatial hepatocyte-specific CEBPA loss at the progressive stage of MASH in CebpaΔHep,ERT2 mice functionally promoted liver fibrosis. Mechanistically, hepatocyte CEBPA directly repressed Spp1 transactivation to reduce the secretion of osteopontin, a fibrogenesis inducer of hepatic stellate cells. Forced hepatocyte-specific CEBPA expression reduced MASH-associated liver fibrosis. These results demonstrate an important role for hepatocyte-specific CEBPA in liver fibrosis progression, and may help guide the therapeutic discoveries targeting hepatocyte CEBPA for the treatment of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Yan
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Laboratory of Metabolic Regulation and Drug Target Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Nana Yan
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Laboratory of Metabolic Regulation and Drug Target Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yangliu Xia
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Vorthon Sawaswong
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Xinxin Zhu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disorder-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Henrique Bregolin Dias
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Daisuke Aibara
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Shogo Takahashi
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Keisuke Hamada
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Yoshifumi Saito
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Hui Liu
- Department of Pathology, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hualong Yan
- Cancer and Stem Cell Epigenetics, Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute and
| | - Thomas J. Velenosi
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kristopher W. Krausz
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jing Huang
- Cancer and Stem Cell Epigenetics, Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute and
| | - Shioko Kimura
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Yaron Rotman
- Liver and Energy Metabolism Section, Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Aijuan Qu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disorder-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Haiping Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Laboratory of Metabolic Regulation and Drug Target Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Frank J. Gonzalez
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Hernandez-Resendiz I, Burkhardt R. Novel functions of Tribbles-homolog 1 in liver, adipocytes and atherosclerosis. Curr Opin Lipidol 2024; 35:51-57. [PMID: 38236937 DOI: 10.1097/mol.0000000000000917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Human genetics studies have sparked great interest in the pseudokinase Tribbles homolog 1, as variant at the TRIB1 gene locus were robustly linked to several cardiometabolic traits, including plasma lipids and coronary artery disease. In this review, we summarize recent findings from mouse models that investigated the function of hepatic and adipocyte Trib1 in lipid metabolism and its role in atherosclerosis. RECENT FINDINGS Studies in atherosclerosis prone low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-receptor knockout mice suggested that systemic Trib1 -deficiency promotes atherosclerotic lesion formation through the modulation of plasma lipids and inflammation. Further, investigations in mice with hepatocyte specific deletion of Trib1 identified a novel role in the catabolism of apoB-containing lipoproteins via regulation of the LDL-receptor. Moreover, recent studies on Trib1 in adipocytes uncovered critical functions in adipose tissue biology, including the regulation of plasma lipid and adiponectin levels and the response to β3-adrenergic receptor activation. SUMMARY Functional studies in mice have expanded our understanding of how Trib1 contributes to various aspects of cardiometabolic diseases. They support the notion that Trib1 exerts tissue-specific effects, which can result in opposing effects on cardiometabolic traits. Additional studies are required to fully elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the cellular and systemic effects of Trib1 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Ileana Hernandez-Resendiz
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, University of Regensburg, Germany
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6
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Hernández-Quiles M, Martinez Campesino L, Morris I, Ilyas Z, Reynolds S, Soon Tan N, Sobrevals Alcaraz P, Stigter ECA, Varga Á, Varga J, van Es R, Vos H, Wilson HL, Kiss-Toth E, Kalkhoven E. The pseudokinase TRIB3 controls adipocyte lipid homeostasis and proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Mol Metab 2023; 78:101829. [PMID: 38445671 PMCID: PMC10663684 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In vivo studies in humans and mice have implicated the pseudokinase Tribbles 3 (TRIB3) in various aspects of energy metabolism. Whilst cell-based studies indicate a role for TRIB3 in adipocyte differentiation and function, it is unclear if and how these cellular functions may contribute to overall metabolic health. METHODS We investigated the metabolic phenotype of whole-body Trib3 knockout (Trib3KO) mice, focusing on adipocyte and adipose tissue functions. In addition, we combined lipidomics, transcriptomics, interactomics and phosphoproteomics analyses to elucidate cell-intrinsic functions of TRIB3 in pre- and mature adipocytes. RESULTS Trib3KO mice display increased adiposity, but their insulin sensitivity remains unaltered. Trib3KO adipocytes are smaller and display higher Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA) levels, indicating potential alterations in either i) proliferation-differentiation balance, ii) impaired expansion after cell division, or iii) an altered balance between lipid storage and release, or a combination thereof. Lipidome analyses suggest TRIB3 involvement in the latter two processes, as triglyceride storage is reduced and membrane composition, which can restrain cellular expansion, is altered. Integrated interactome, phosphoproteome and transcriptome analyses support a role for TRIB3 in all three cellular processes through multiple cellular pathways, including Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase- (MAPK/ERK), Protein Kinase A (PKA)-mediated signaling and Transcription Factor 7 like 2 (TCF7L2) and Beta Catenin-mediated gene expression. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support TRIB3 playing multiple distinct regulatory roles in the cytoplasm, nucleus and mitochondria, ultimately controlling adipose tissue homeostasis, rather than affecting a single cellular pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Hernández-Quiles
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3C584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Laura Martinez Campesino
- Division of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine and Population Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Imogen Morris
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3C584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Zabran Ilyas
- Division of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine and Population Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Steve Reynolds
- Division of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine and Population Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Nguan Soon Tan
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Clinical Sciences Building, 11 Mandalay Road, 308232 Singapore, Singapore; School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 60 Nanyang Drive, 637551 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Paula Sobrevals Alcaraz
- Oncode Institute and Molecular Cancer Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3C584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Edwin C A Stigter
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3C584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ákos Varga
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - János Varga
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Robert van Es
- Oncode Institute and Molecular Cancer Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3C584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Harmjan Vos
- Oncode Institute and Molecular Cancer Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3C584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Heather L Wilson
- Division of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine and Population Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Endre Kiss-Toth
- Division of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine and Population Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Eric Kalkhoven
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3C584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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7
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Huang G, Wallace DF, Powell EE, Rahman T, Clark PJ, Subramaniam VN. Gene Variants Implicated in Steatotic Liver Disease: Opportunities for Diagnostics and Therapeutics. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2809. [PMID: 37893185 PMCID: PMC10604560 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11102809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) describes a steatotic (or fatty) liver occurring as a consequence of a combination of metabolic, environmental, and genetic factors, in the absence of significant alcohol consumption and other liver diseases. NAFLD is a spectrum of conditions. Steatosis in the absence of inflammation is relatively benign, but the disease can progress into more severe forms like non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. NAFLD onset and progression are complex, as it is affected by many risk factors. The interaction between genetic predisposition and other factors partially explains the large variability of NAFLD phenotype and natural history. Numerous genes and variants have been identified through large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS) that are associated with NAFLD and one or more subtypes of the disease. Among them, the largest effect size and most consistent association have been patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 3 (PNPLA3), transmembrane 6 superfamily member 2 (TM6SF2), and membrane-bound O-acyltransferase domain containing 7 (MBOAT7) genes. Extensive in vitro and in vivo studies have been conducted on these variants to validate these associations. The focus of this review is to highlight the genetics underpinning the molecular mechanisms driving the onset and progression of NAFLD and how they could potentially be used to improve genetic-based diagnostic testing of the disease and develop personalized, targeted therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary Huang
- Hepatogenomics Research Group, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia;
- Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia;
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia
| | - Daniel F. Wallace
- Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia;
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia
- Metallogenomics Laboratory, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia
| | - Elizabeth E. Powell
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia;
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
- Centre for Liver Disease Research, Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia
| | - Tony Rahman
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4032, Australia;
| | - Paul J. Clark
- Mater Adult Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia;
| | - V. Nathan Subramaniam
- Hepatogenomics Research Group, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia;
- Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia;
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia
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8
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Chen Y, Du X, Kuppa A, Feitosa MF, Bielak LF, O'Connell JR, Musani SK, Guo X, Kahali B, Chen VL, Smith AV, Ryan KA, Eirksdottir G, Allison MA, Bowden DW, Budoff MJ, Carr JJ, Chen YDI, Taylor KD, Oliveri A, Correa A, Crudup BF, Kardia SLR, Mosley TH, Norris JM, Terry JG, Rotter JI, Wagenknecht LE, Halligan BD, Young KA, Hokanson JE, Washko GR, Gudnason V, Province MA, Peyser PA, Palmer ND, Speliotes EK. Genome-wide association meta-analysis identifies 17 loci associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Nat Genet 2023; 55:1640-1650. [PMID: 37709864 PMCID: PMC10918428 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-023-01497-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is common and partially heritable and has no effective treatments. We carried out a genome-wide association study (GWAS) meta-analysis of imaging (n = 66,814) and diagnostic code (3,584 cases versus 621,081 controls) measured NAFLD across diverse ancestries. We identified NAFLD-associated variants at torsin family 1 member B (TOR1B), fat mass and obesity associated (FTO), cordon-bleu WH2 repeat protein like 1 (COBLL1)/growth factor receptor-bound protein 14 (GRB14), insulin receptor (INSR), sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor 1 (SREBF1) and patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 2 (PNPLA2), as well as validated NAFLD-associated variants at patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 3 (PNPLA3), transmembrane 6 superfamily 2 (TM6SF2), apolipoprotein E (APOE), glucokinase regulator (GCKR), tribbles homolog 1 (TRIB1), glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (GPAM), mitochondrial amidoxime-reducing component 1 (MARC1), microsomal triglyceride transfer protein large subunit (MTTP), alcohol dehydrogenase 1B (ADH1B), transmembrane channel like 4 (TMC4)/membrane-bound O-acyltransferase domain containing 7 (MBOAT7) and receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase δ (PTPRD). Implicated genes highlight mitochondrial, cholesterol and de novo lipogenesis as causally contributing to NAFLD predisposition. Phenome-wide association study (PheWAS) analyses suggest at least seven subtypes of NAFLD. Individuals in the top 10% and 1% of genetic risk have a 2.5-fold to 6-fold increased risk of NAFLD, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. These genetic variants identify subtypes of NAFLD, improve estimates of disease risk and can guide the development of targeted therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhua Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Xiaomeng Du
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Annapurna Kuppa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Mary F Feitosa
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Lawrence F Bielak
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jeffrey R O'Connell
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, University of Maryland - Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Solomon K Musani
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Xiuqing Guo
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Bratati Kahali
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Centre for Brain Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Vincent L Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Albert V Smith
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kathleen A Ryan
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, University of Maryland - Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Matthew A Allison
- Department of Family Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Donald W Bowden
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Matthew J Budoff
- Department of Internal Medicine, Lundquist Institute at Harbor-UCLA, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - John Jeffrey Carr
- Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Yii-Der I Chen
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Kent D Taylor
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Antonino Oliveri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Adolfo Correa
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Breland F Crudup
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Sharon L R Kardia
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Thomas H Mosley
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Jill M Norris
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - James G Terry
- Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Lynne E Wagenknecht
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Brian D Halligan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kendra A Young
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - John E Hokanson
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - George R Washko
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vilmundur Gudnason
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
- Department of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Michael A Province
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Patricia A Peyser
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Nicholette D Palmer
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Elizabeth K Speliotes
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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9
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Soubeyrand S, Lau P, McPherson R. Regulation of TRIB1 abundance in hepatocyte models in response to proteasome inhibition. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9320. [PMID: 37291259 PMCID: PMC10250549 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36512-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Tribbles related homolog 1 (TRIB1) contributes to lipid and glucose homeostasis by facilitating the degradation of cognate cargos by the proteasome. In view of the key metabolic role of TRIB1 and the impact of proteasome inhibition on hepatic function, we continue our exploration of TRIB1 regulation in two commonly used human hepatocyte models, transformed cell lines HuH-7 and HepG2. In both models, proteasome inhibitors potently upregulated both endogenous and recombinant TRIB1 mRNA and protein levels. Increased transcript abundance was unaffected by MAPK inhibitors while ER stress was a weaker inducer. Suppressing proteasome function via PSMB3 silencing was sufficient to increase TRIB1 mRNA expression. ATF3 was required to sustain basal TRIB1 expression and support maximal induction. Despite increasing TRIB1 protein abundance and stabilizing bulk ubiquitylation, proteasome inhibition delayed but did not prevent TRIB1 loss upon translation block. Immunoprecipitation experiments indicated that TRIB1 was not ubiquitylated in response to proteasome inhibition. A control bona fide proteasome substrate revealed that high doses of proteasome inhibitors resulted in incomplete proteasome inhibition. Cytoplasm retained TRIB1 was unstable, suggesting that TRIB1 lability is regulated prior to its nuclear import. N-terminal deletion and substitutions were insufficient to stabilize TRIB1. These findings identify transcriptional regulation as a prominent mechanism increasing TRIB1 abundance in transformed hepatocyte cell lines in response to proteasome inhibition and provide evidence of an inhibitor resistant proteasome activity responsible for TRIB1 degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Soubeyrand
- Atherogenomics Laboratory, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada.
| | - Paulina Lau
- Atherogenomics Laboratory, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Ruth McPherson
- Atherogenomics Laboratory, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada.
- Division of Cardiology, Ruddy Canadian Cardiovascular Genetics Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada.
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10
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Arndt L, Hernandez-Resendiz I, Moos D, Dokas J, Müller S, Jeromin F, Wagner R, Ceglarek U, Heid IM, Höring M, Liebisch G, Stadler SC, Burkhardt R. Trib1 Deficiency Promotes Hyperlipidemia, Inflammation, and Atherosclerosis in LDL Receptor Knockout Mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2023; 43:979-994. [PMID: 37078290 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.122.318137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic variants at the TRIB1 gene locus are strongly associated with plasma lipid traits and the risk of coronary artery disease in humans. Here, we analyzed the consequences of Trib1 deficiency on lipid metabolism and atherosclerotic lesion formation in atherosclerosis-susceptible Ldlr-/- mice. METHODS Trib1-/- mice were crossed onto the Ldlr-/- background to generate double-knockout mice (Trib1-/-Ldlr-/-) and fed a semisynthetic, modified AIN76 diet (0.02% cholesterol and 4.3% fat) until 20 weeks of age. RESULTS Trib1-/-Ldlr-/- mice had profoundly larger (5.8-fold) and more advanced atherosclerotic lesions at the aortic root as compared with Trib1+/+Ldlr-/- controls. Further, we observed significantly elevated plasma total cholesterol and triglyceride levels in Trib1-/-Ldlr-/- mice, resulting from higher VLDL (very-low-density lipoprotein) secretion. Lipidomics analysis revealed that loss of Trib1 altered hepatic lipid composition, including the accumulation of cholesterol and proinflammatory ceramide species, which was accompanied by signs of hepatic inflammation and injury. Concomitantly, we detected higher plasma levels of IL (interleukin)-6 and LCN2 (lipocalin 2), suggesting increased systemic inflammation in Trib1-/-Ldlr-/- mice. Hepatic transcriptome analysis demonstrated significant upregulation of key genes controlling lipid metabolism and inflammation in Trib1-/-Ldlr-/- mice. Further experiments suggested that these effects may be mediated through pathways involving a C/EPB (CCAAT/enhancer binding protein)-PPARγ (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ) axis and JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase) signaling. CONCLUSIONS We provide experimental evidence that Trib1 deficiency promotes atherosclerotic lesion formation in a complex manner that includes the modulation of lipid metabolism and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilli Arndt
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital Leipzig, Germany (L.A., D.M., J.D., S.M., F.J., R.W., U.C.)
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, Germany (L.A., I.H.-R., M.H., G.L., S.C.S., R.B.)
| | - Ileana Hernandez-Resendiz
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, Germany (L.A., I.H.-R., M.H., G.L., S.C.S., R.B.)
| | - Doreen Moos
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital Leipzig, Germany (L.A., D.M., J.D., S.M., F.J., R.W., U.C.)
| | - Janine Dokas
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital Leipzig, Germany (L.A., D.M., J.D., S.M., F.J., R.W., U.C.)
| | - Silvana Müller
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital Leipzig, Germany (L.A., D.M., J.D., S.M., F.J., R.W., U.C.)
| | - Franziska Jeromin
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital Leipzig, Germany (L.A., D.M., J.D., S.M., F.J., R.W., U.C.)
| | - Richard Wagner
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital Leipzig, Germany (L.A., D.M., J.D., S.M., F.J., R.W., U.C.)
| | - Uta Ceglarek
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital Leipzig, Germany (L.A., D.M., J.D., S.M., F.J., R.W., U.C.)
| | - Iris M Heid
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, Germany (I.M.H.)
| | - Marcus Höring
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, Germany (L.A., I.H.-R., M.H., G.L., S.C.S., R.B.)
| | - Gerhard Liebisch
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, Germany (L.A., I.H.-R., M.H., G.L., S.C.S., R.B.)
| | - Sonja C Stadler
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, Germany (L.A., I.H.-R., M.H., G.L., S.C.S., R.B.)
| | - Ralph Burkhardt
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, Germany (L.A., I.H.-R., M.H., G.L., S.C.S., R.B.)
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11
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Gou Y, Wang H, Wang T, Wang H, Wang B, Jiao N, Yu Y, Cao Y, Wang H, Zhang Z. Ectopic endometriotic stromal cells-derived lactate induces M2 macrophage polarization via Mettl3/Trib1/ERK/STAT3 signalling pathway in endometriosis. Immunology 2023; 168:389-402. [PMID: 36069580 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is a gynaecological condition characterized by the growth of endometrium-like tissues within and outside of the pelvic cavity. Recent studies have demonstrated that aberrant infiltration of M2 macrophages is mainly responsible for the establishment of endometriotic lesions. A growing body of evidence shows that glycolysis and lactate accumulation have great impact on the regulation of immunomicroenvironment. However, the communication signal between glycolysis and macrophages is poorly defined in endometriosis. Hereby, we investigate the correlation between glycolysis and M2 macrophage infiltration in endometriosis. Next, we confirm that lactate is pivotal factor that drives macrophage M2-polarization to promote endometriotic stromal cells invasion in vitro and in vivo. In addition, we also identify that the activation of Mettl3 and its target gene Trib1 promote M2 macrophage polarization. Moreover, we also demonstrate that Trib1 induce M2 macrophage polarization via the activation of ERK/STAT3 signalling pathway. Finally, by injecting 2-DG into endometriosis mice model, we show that the restrain of glycolysis significantly reduces the progression of endometriosis, which provides evidence for lactate as a potential therapeutic strategy for the prevention and treatment of endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanling Gou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Han Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Tong Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Harbin Red Cross Central Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Hongli Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Beidi Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Na Jiao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yangyang Yu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yingying Cao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Honglin Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zongfeng Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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12
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Ma Z, Huang Z, Zhang C, Liu X, Zhang J, Shu H, Ma Y, Liu Z, Feng Y, Chen X, Kuang S, Zhang Y, Jia Z. Hepatic Acat2 overexpression promotes systemic cholesterol metabolism and adipose lipid metabolism in mice. Diabetologia 2023; 66:390-405. [PMID: 36378328 PMCID: PMC9665029 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-022-05829-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Acetyl coenzyme A acetyltransferase (ACAT), also known as acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase, catalyses the formation of acetoacetyl-CoA from acetyl-CoA and forms part of the isoprenoid biosynthesis pathway. Thus, ACAT plays a central role in cholesterol metabolism in a variety of cells. Here, we aimed to assess the effect of hepatic Acat2 overexpression on cholesterol metabolism and systemic energy metabolism. METHODS We generated liver-targeted adeno-associated virus 9 (AAV9) to achieve hepatic Acat2 overexpression in mice. Mice were injected with AAV9 through the tail vein and subjected to morphological, physiological (body composition, indirect calorimetry, treadmill, GTT, blood biochemistry, cardiac ultrasonography and ECG), histochemical, gene expression and metabolomic analysis under normal diet or feeding with high-fat diet to investigate the role of ACAT2 in the liver. RESULTS Hepatic Acat2 overexpression reduced body weight and total fat mass, elevated the metabolic rate, improved glucose tolerance and lowered the serum cholesterol level of mice. In addition, the overexpression of Acat2 inhibited fatty acid, glucose and ketone metabolic pathways but promoted cholesterol metabolism and changed the bile acid pool and composition of the liver. Hepatic Acat2 overexpression also decreased the size of white adipocytes and promoted lipid metabolism in white adipose tissue. Furthermore, hepatic Acat2 overexpression protected mice from high-fat-diet-induced weight gain and metabolic defects CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: Our study identifies an essential role for ACAT2 in cholesterol metabolism and systemic energy expenditure and provides key insights into the metabolic benefits of hepatic Acat2 overexpression. Thus, adenoviral Acat2 overexpression in the liver may be a potential therapeutic tool in the treatment of obesity and hypercholesterolaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Ma
- Endocrinology Department, Suzhou Science & Technology Town Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhengyun Huang
- Cambridge-Suda Genomic Resource Center, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Cambridge-Suda Genomic Resource Center, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiangpeng Liu
- Cambridge-Suda Genomic Resource Center, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Cambridge-Suda Genomic Resource Center, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hui Shu
- Cambridge-Suda Genomic Resource Center, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yue Ma
- Cambridge-Suda Genomic Resource Center, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhiwei Liu
- Cambridge-Suda Genomic Resource Center, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yu Feng
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiyue Chen
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Shihuan Kuang
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Yong Zhang
- Cambridge-Suda Genomic Resource Center, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhihao Jia
- Cambridge-Suda Genomic Resource Center, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
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13
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Effect of TRIB1 Variant on Lipid Profile and Coronary Artery Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Cardiovasc Ther 2023; 2023:4444708. [PMID: 36714195 PMCID: PMC9842430 DOI: 10.1155/2023/4444708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Emerging evidence indicates tribbles homolog 1 (Trib1) protein may be involved in lipid metabolism regulation and coronary artery disease (CAD) pathogenesis. However, whether TRIB1 gene variants affect lipid levels and CAD remains elusive, this study is aimed at clarifying the effect of TRIB1 variants on lipid profile and CAD. Methods By searching PubMed and Cochrane databases for studies published before December 18, 2022, a total of 108,831 individuals were included for the analysis. Results The outcomes of the analysis on all individuals showed that the A allele carriers of rs17321515 and rs2954029 variants had higher low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and total cholesterol (TC) levels than the noncarriers. Consistently, a higher CAD risk was observed in the A allele carriers. Subgroup analysis indicated that increased LDL-C, TC, and CAD risk were observed in Asian population. Conclusions Variants of TRIB1 (i.e., rs17321515 and rs2954029) may serve as causal genetic markers for dyslipidemia and CAD in Asian population.
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14
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Tian H, Luo J, Guo P, Li C, Zhang X. C/EBPα promotes triacylglycerol synthesis via regulating PPARG promoter activity in goat mammary epithelial cells. J Anim Sci 2023; 101:skac412. [PMID: 36547378 PMCID: PMC9863032 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α (C/EBPα) is the key transcription factor involved in lipid metabolism, however, the role of C/EBPα in milk fat synthesis of dairy goats remains unknown. The objective of the present research was to clarify the function of C/EBPα in goat mammary epithelial cells (GMECs) and its impact on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG) promoter activity. In this study, C/EBPα overexpression increased its mRNA and protein levels by 42-fold and 6-fold, respectively. In contrast, transfecting siRNA targeting C/EBPα decreased its mRNA level to 20% and protein abundance to 80% of the basal level. The contents of lipid droplets, triacylglycerol (TAG), and cholesterol were increased (P < 0.05) in C/EBPα-overexpressing GMECs, and knockdown of C/EBPα led to the opposite results. Overexpression of C/EBPα significantly increased the expression levels of genes involved in TAG synthesis (AGPAT6, DGAT2, P < 0.01), lipid droplet formation (PLIN2, P < 0.01), and fatty acid synthesis (FADS2, P < 0.05; ELOVL6, P < 0.01). Knockdown of C/EBPα decreased (P < 0.05) the expression levels of AGPAT6, DGAT1, DGAT2, PLIN2, FADS2, and ELOVL6. C/EBPα upregulated the expression level of PPARG (P < 0.05), and four C/EBPα binding regions were identified in the PPARG promoter at -1,112 to -1,102 bp, -734 to -724 bp, -248 to -238 bp, and -119 to -109 bp. Knockdown of C/EBPα reduced (P < 0.05) the PPARG promoter activity when the C/EBPα binding regions were mutated at -1,112 to -1,102 bp, -734 to -724 bp, and -248 to -238 bp locations of the promoter. However, the promoter activity did not change when the mutation was located at -119 bp. In conclusion, our results suggest that C/EBPα can promote TAG synthesis in GMECs through its effects on mRNA abundance of genes related to lipid metabolism and regulation of the PPARG promoter activity via C/EBPα binding regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huibin Tian
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, P. R. China
| | - Jun Luo
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, P. R. China
| | - Peng Guo
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, P. R. China
| | - Chun Li
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, P. R. China
| | - Xueying Zhang
- College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, P. R. China
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15
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Cheng W, Zhou Y, Xie Y, Li Y, Zhou R, Wang H, Feng Y, Wang Y. Combined effect of polystyrene microplastics and bisphenol A on the human embryonic stem cells-derived liver organoids: The hepatotoxicity and lipid accumulation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 854:158585. [PMID: 36089014 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Human are exposed to microplastics (MP) via inhalation or ingestion daily and inevitably. The liver is an important target organ of MP. Bisphenol A (BPA) is one of commonly used plasticizers. It is added in plastics, but also generally detected in the biological samples of human beings. However, the combined toxic effect of MP and BPA on human liver is unclear. In this study, a novel 3D in vitro model, the liver organoid (LO) derived from human-pluripotent stem cells, has been utilized to explore the 1 μm polystyrene (PS)-induced hepatotoxicity with BPA individually and jointly. Conclusively, all the changes in the cytotoxicity, cellular and molecular makers regarding the energy supplement, hepatic injury, oxidative stress, inflammatory response, disruption in the lipid accumulation, as well as epigenetics regulation induced by BPA or PS on the LOs individually were comparable to previous study. The BPA levels in the culture medium were declined by the added PS. The combined adverse effect of PS and BPA on the LOs was identified to be synergistic upon deteriorated hepatotoxicity and interfered the gene panels related to multiple processes of lipid metabolism, together with the proteins of HNF4A, CD36, ACC1, CPT1A, CYP2E1, ERα and ERβ. Specifically, PS didn't change the ERα or ERβ individually, but when the LOs were co-exposed to PS and BPA, the ERα further elevated significantly and synergistically. Our findings highlight the metabolic-related health risk due to co-exposure to MP and BPA, even at low-doses equivalent to human internal exposure level. Based on these findings, the potential adverse outcome pathway related to PS and BPA singly and jointly were proposed, predicting two possible outcomes to be hepatic steatosis. Moreover, the ERα and HNF4A were proposed to be potential candidate markers to investigate the "vector-like effect" of PS in the present of BPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Cheng
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yue Zhou
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yichun Xie
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Li
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ren Zhou
- The Ninth People's Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yan Feng
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yan Wang
- The Ninth People's Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, School of Public Health, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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16
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Zou L, Feng Q, Xia W, Zhu C. Bioinformatics analysis of the common targets of miR-223-3p, miR-122-5p, and miR-93-5p in polycystic ovarian syndrome. Front Genet 2023; 14:1097706. [PMID: 36873932 PMCID: PMC9977968 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1097706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common gynecological endocrine disorders. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play extensive roles in the pathogenesis of PCOS and can serve as potential diagnostic markers. However, most studies focused on the regulatory mechanisms of individual miRNAs, and the combined regulatory effects of multiple miRNAs remain unclear. The aim of this study was to identify the common targets of miR-223-3p, miR-122-5p, and miR-93-5p; and assess the transcript levels of some of these targets in PCOS rat ovaries. Transcriptome profiles of granulosa cells from PCOS patients were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). A total of 1,144 DEGs were screened, 204 of which were upregulated and 940 were downregulated. According to the miRWalk algorithm, 4,284 genes were targeted by all three miRNAs at the same time, and intersection with DEGs was used to obtain candidate target genes. A total of 265 candidate target genes were screened, and the detected target genes were subjected to Gene ontology (GO) and KEGG pathway enrichment, followed by PPI network analysis. Then, qRT-PCR was used to determine the levels of 12 genes in PCOS rat ovaries. The expressions of 10 of these genes were found to be consistent with our bioinformatics results. In conclusion, JMJD1C, PLCG2, SMAD3, FOSL2, TGFB1, TRIB1, GAS7, TRIM25, NFYA, and CALCRL may participate in the development of PCOS. Our findings contribute to the identification of biomarkers that may promote the effective prevention and treatment of PCOS in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Zou
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiwen Feng
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Xia
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Changhong Zhu
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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17
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Smith GA, Padmanabhan A, Lau BH, Pampana A, Li L, Lee CY, Pelonero A, Nishino T, Sadagopan N, Xia VQ, Jain R, Natarajan P, Wu RS, Black BL, Srivastava D, Shokat KM, Chorba JS. Cold shock domain-containing protein E1 is a posttranscriptional regulator of the LDL receptor. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabj8670. [PMID: 36103516 PMCID: PMC10174261 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abj8670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) controls cellular delivery of cholesterol and clears LDL from the bloodstream, protecting against atherosclerotic heart disease, the leading cause of death in the United States. We therefore sought to identify regulators of the LDLR beyond the targets of current therapies and known causes of familial hypercholesterolemia. We found that cold shock domain-containing protein E1 (CSDE1) enhanced hepatic LDLR messenger RNA (mRNA) decay via its 3' untranslated region and regulated atherogenic lipoproteins in vivo. Using parallel phenotypic genome-wide CRISPR interference screens in a tissue culture model, we identified 40 specific regulators of the LDLR that were not previously identified by observational human genetic studies. Among these, we demonstrated that, in HepG2 cells, CSDE1 regulated the LDLR at least as strongly as statins and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors. In addition, we showed that hepatic gene silencing of Csde1 treated diet-induced dyslipidemia in mice to a similar degree as Pcsk9 silencing. These results suggest the therapeutic potential of targeting CSDE1 to manipulate the posttranscriptional regulation of the LDLR mRNA for the prevention of cardiovascular disease. Our approach of modeling a clinically relevant phenotype in a forward genetic screen, followed by mechanistic pharmacologic dissection and in vivo validation, may serve as a generalizable template for the identification of therapeutic targets in other human disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey A Smith
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Arun Padmanabhan
- Division of Cardiology, UCSF Health, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Bryan H Lau
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Akhil Pampana
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Li Li
- Department of Medicine and Penn Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Clara Y Lee
- Division of Cardiology, UCSF Health, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Angelo Pelonero
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Tomohiro Nishino
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Nandhini Sadagopan
- Division of Cardiology, UCSF Health, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Vivian Q Xia
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Division of Cardiology, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Rajan Jain
- Department of Medicine and Penn Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Regenerative Medicine, and Penn Epigenetics Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Pradeep Natarajan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Roland S Wu
- Division of Cardiology, UCSF Health, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Brian L Black
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Deepak Srivastava
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.,Departments of Pediatrics and Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine at Gladstone, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Kevan M Shokat
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - John S Chorba
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Division of Cardiology, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
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18
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Yang Z, Macdonald-Dunlop E, Chen J, Zhai R, Li T, Richmond A, Klarić L, Pirastu N, Ning Z, Zheng C, Wang Y, Huang T, He Y, Guo H, Ying K, Gustafsson S, Prins B, Ramisch A, Dermitzakis ET, Png G, Eriksson N, Haessler J, Hu X, Zanetti D, Boutin T, Hwang SJ, Wheeler E, Pietzner M, Raffield LM, Kalnapenkis A, Peters JE, Viñuela A, Gilly A, Elmståhl S, Dedoussis G, Petrie JR, Polašek O, Folkersen L, Chen Y, Yao C, Võsa U, Pairo-Castineira E, Clohisey S, Bretherick AD, Rawlik K, Esko T, Enroth S, Johansson Å, Gyllensten U, Langenberg C, Levy D, Hayward C, Assimes TL, Kooperberg C, Manichaikul AW, Siegbahn A, Wallentin L, Lind L, Zeggini E, Schwenk JM, Butterworth AS, Michaëlsson K, Pawitan Y, Joshi PK, Baillie JK, Mälarstig A, Reiner AP, Wilson JF, Shen X. Genetic Landscape of the ACE2 Coronavirus Receptor. Circulation 2022; 145:1398-1411. [PMID: 35387486 PMCID: PMC9047645 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.121.057888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND SARS-CoV-2, the causal agent of COVID-19, enters human cells using the ACE2 (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2) protein as a receptor. ACE2 is thus key to the infection and treatment of the coronavirus. ACE2 is highly expressed in the heart and respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts, playing important regulatory roles in the cardiovascular and other biological systems. However, the genetic basis of the ACE2 protein levels is not well understood. METHODS We have conducted the largest genome-wide association meta-analysis of plasma ACE2 levels in >28 000 individuals of the SCALLOP Consortium (Systematic and Combined Analysis of Olink Proteins). We summarize the cross-sectional epidemiological correlates of circulating ACE2. Using the summary statistics-based high-definition likelihood method, we estimate relevant genetic correlations with cardiometabolic phenotypes, COVID-19, and other human complex traits and diseases. We perform causal inference of soluble ACE2 on vascular disease outcomes and COVID-19 severity using mendelian randomization. We also perform in silico functional analysis by integrating with other types of omics data. RESULTS We identified 10 loci, including 8 novel, capturing 30% of the heritability of the protein. We detected that plasma ACE2 was genetically correlated with vascular diseases, severe COVID-19, and a wide range of human complex diseases and medications. An X-chromosome cis-protein quantitative trait loci-based mendelian randomization analysis suggested a causal effect of elevated ACE2 levels on COVID-19 severity (odds ratio, 1.63 [95% CI, 1.10-2.42]; P=0.01), hospitalization (odds ratio, 1.52 [95% CI, 1.05-2.21]; P=0.03), and infection (odds ratio, 1.60 [95% CI, 1.08-2.37]; P=0.02). Tissue- and cell type-specific transcriptomic and epigenomic analysis revealed that the ACE2 regulatory variants were enriched for DNA methylation sites in blood immune cells. CONCLUSIONS Human plasma ACE2 shares a genetic basis with cardiovascular disease, COVID-19, and other related diseases. The genetic architecture of the ACE2 protein is mapped, providing a useful resource for further biological and clinical studies on this coronavirus receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijian Yang
- Biostatistics Group, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (Z.Y., J.C., R.Z., T.L., Z.N., C.Z., Y.W., X.S.)
- Center for Intelligent Medicine Research, Greater Bay Area Institute of Precision Medicine (Guangzhou), Fudan University, China (Z.Y., J.C., R.Z., T.L., X.S.)
| | - Erin Macdonald-Dunlop
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, UK (E.M.-D., N.P., Y.H., P.K.J., J.F.W., X.S.)
| | - Jiantao Chen
- Biostatistics Group, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (Z.Y., J.C., R.Z., T.L., Z.N., C.Z., Y.W., X.S.)
- Center for Intelligent Medicine Research, Greater Bay Area Institute of Precision Medicine (Guangzhou), Fudan University, China (Z.Y., J.C., R.Z., T.L., X.S.)
| | - Ranran Zhai
- Biostatistics Group, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (Z.Y., J.C., R.Z., T.L., Z.N., C.Z., Y.W., X.S.)
- Center for Intelligent Medicine Research, Greater Bay Area Institute of Precision Medicine (Guangzhou), Fudan University, China (Z.Y., J.C., R.Z., T.L., X.S.)
| | - Ting Li
- Biostatistics Group, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (Z.Y., J.C., R.Z., T.L., Z.N., C.Z., Y.W., X.S.)
- Center for Intelligent Medicine Research, Greater Bay Area Institute of Precision Medicine (Guangzhou), Fudan University, China (Z.Y., J.C., R.Z., T.L., X.S.)
| | - Anne Richmond
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, UK (A. Richmond, L.K., T.B., E.P.-C., A.D.B., C.H., J.F.W.)
| | - Lucija Klarić
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, UK (A. Richmond, L.K., T.B., E.P.-C., A.D.B., C.H., J.F.W.)
| | - Nicola Pirastu
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, UK (E.M.-D., N.P., Y.H., P.K.J., J.F.W., X.S.)
- Human Technopole Viale Rita Levi-Montalcini, Milan, Italy (N.P.)
| | - Zheng Ning
- Biostatistics Group, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (Z.Y., J.C., R.Z., T.L., Z.N., C.Z., Y.W., X.S.)
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Z.N., T.H., Y.C., Y.P., A.M., X.S.)
| | - Chenqing Zheng
- Biostatistics Group, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (Z.Y., J.C., R.Z., T.L., Z.N., C.Z., Y.W., X.S.)
| | - Yipeng Wang
- Biostatistics Group, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (Z.Y., J.C., R.Z., T.L., Z.N., C.Z., Y.W., X.S.)
| | - Tingting Huang
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Z.N., T.H., Y.C., Y.P., A.M., X.S.)
| | - Yazhou He
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, UK (E.M.-D., N.P., Y.H., P.K.J., J.F.W., X.S.)
- West China School of Public Health, West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu (Y.H.)
| | - Huiming Guo
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China (H.G.)
| | - Kejun Ying
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (K.Y.)
- T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA (K.Y.)
| | - Stefan Gustafsson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Sweden (A.S., S.G., L.W., L.L.)
| | - Bram Prins
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, UK (B.P., J.E.P., A.S.B.)
- Health Data Research UK Cambridge, Wellcome Genome Campus and University of Cambridge (B.P., J.E.P., A.S.B.)
| | - Anna Ramisch
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, Switzerland (A. Ramisch, E.T.D., A.V.)
| | - Emmanouil T. Dermitzakis
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, Switzerland (A. Ramisch, E.T.D., A.V.)
| | - Grace Png
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München–German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany (G.P., A.G., E.Z.)
- Technical University of Munich (TUM), School of Medicine, Germany (G.P.)
| | | | - Jeffrey Haessler
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K., A.P.R.)
| | - Xiaowei Hu
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (X.H., A.W.M.)
| | - Daniela Zanetti
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (D.Z., T.L.A.)
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, CA (D.Z., T.L.A.)
| | - Thibaud Boutin
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, UK (A. Richmond, L.K., T.B., E.P.-C., A.D.B., C.H., J.F.W.)
| | - Shih-Jen Hwang
- Framingham Heart Study, MA (S.-J.H., C.Y., D.L.)
- Population Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (S.-J.H., C.Y., D.L.)
| | - Eleanor Wheeler
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, UK (E.W., M.P., C.L.)
| | - Maik Pietzner
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, UK (E.W., M.P., C.L.)
- Computational Medicine, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité–Universitätsmedizin, Germany (M.P., C.L.)
| | - Laura M. Raffield
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (L.M.R.)
| | - Anette Kalnapenkis
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Estonia (A.K., U.V., T.E.)
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Estonia (A.K.)
| | - James E. Peters
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, UK (J.E.P.)
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, UK (B.P., J.E.P., A.S.B.)
- Health Data Research UK Cambridge, Wellcome Genome Campus and University of Cambridge (B.P., J.E.P., A.S.B.)
| | - Ana Viñuela
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, Switzerland (A. Ramisch, E.T.D., A.V.)
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, UK (A.V.)
| | - Arthur Gilly
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München–German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany (G.P., A.G., E.Z.)
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK (A.G., E.Z.)
| | - Sölve Elmståhl
- Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Sweden (S. Elmståhl)
| | - George Dedoussis
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University of Athens, Greece (G.D.)
| | - John R. Petrie
- Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK (J. Petrie)
| | - Ozren Polašek
- University of Split School of Medicine, Croatia (O.P.)
- Algebra University College, Ilica, Zagreb, Croatia (O.P.)
| | | | - Yan Chen
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Z.N., T.H., Y.C., Y.P., A.M., X.S.)
| | - Chen Yao
- Framingham Heart Study, MA (S.-J.H., C.Y., D.L.)
- Population Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (S.-J.H., C.Y., D.L.)
| | - Urmo Võsa
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Estonia (A.K., U.V., T.E.)
| | - Erola Pairo-Castineira
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, UK (A. Richmond, L.K., T.B., E.P.-C., A.D.B., C.H., J.F.W.)
- Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, UK (E.P.-C., S.C., K.R., J.K.B.)
| | - Sara Clohisey
- Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, UK (E.P.-C., S.C., K.R., J.K.B.)
| | - Andrew D. Bretherick
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, UK (A. Richmond, L.K., T.B., E.P.-C., A.D.B., C.H., J.F.W.)
| | - Konrad Rawlik
- Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, UK (E.P.-C., S.C., K.R., J.K.B.)
| | | | | | - Tõnu Esko
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Estonia (A.K., U.V., T.E.)
| | - Stefan Enroth
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala Universitet, Science for Life Laboratory, Sweden (S. Enroth, A.J., U.G.)
| | - Åsa Johansson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala Universitet, Science for Life Laboratory, Sweden (S. Enroth, A.J., U.G.)
| | - Ulf Gyllensten
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala Universitet, Science for Life Laboratory, Sweden (S. Enroth, A.J., U.G.)
| | - Claudia Langenberg
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, UK (E.W., M.P., C.L.)
- Computational Medicine, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité–Universitätsmedizin, Germany (M.P., C.L.)
| | - Daniel Levy
- Framingham Heart Study, MA (S.-J.H., C.Y., D.L.)
- Population Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (S.-J.H., C.Y., D.L.)
| | - Caroline Hayward
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, UK (A. Richmond, L.K., T.B., E.P.-C., A.D.B., C.H., J.F.W.)
| | - Themistocles L. Assimes
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (D.Z., T.L.A.)
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, CA (D.Z., T.L.A.)
| | - Charles Kooperberg
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K., A.P.R.)
| | - Ani W. Manichaikul
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (X.H., A.W.M.)
| | - Agneta Siegbahn
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Sweden (A.S., S.G., L.W., L.L.)
| | - Lars Wallentin
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Sweden (A.S., S.G., L.W., L.L.)
| | - Lars Lind
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Sweden (A.S., S.G., L.W., L.L.)
| | - Eleftheria Zeggini
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München–German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany (G.P., A.G., E.Z.)
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK (A.G., E.Z.)
- Technical University of Munich (TUM) and Klinikum Rechts der Isar, TUM School of Medicine, Germany (E.Z.)
| | - Jochen M. Schwenk
- Affinity Proteomics, Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden (J.M.S.)
| | - Adam S. Butterworth
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, UK (B.P., J.E.P., A.S.B.)
- Health Data Research UK Cambridge, Wellcome Genome Campus and University of Cambridge (B.P., J.E.P., A.S.B.)
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Cambridge, UK (A.S.B.)
- National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health and Genomics, University of Cambridge, UK (A.S.B.)
| | - Karl Michaëlsson
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Sweden (K.M.)
| | - Yudi Pawitan
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Z.N., T.H., Y.C., Y.P., A.M., X.S.)
| | - Peter K. Joshi
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, UK (E.M.-D., N.P., Y.H., P.K.J., J.F.W., X.S.)
| | - J. Kenneth Baillie
- Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, UK (E.P.-C., S.C., K.R., J.K.B.)
- Intensive Care Unit, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, UK (J.K.B.)
| | - Anders Mälarstig
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Z.N., T.H., Y.C., Y.P., A.M., X.S.)
- Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development and Medical, Stockholm, Sweden (A.M.)
| | - Alexander P. Reiner
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K., A.P.R.)
| | - James F. Wilson
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, UK (E.M.-D., N.P., Y.H., P.K.J., J.F.W., X.S.)
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, UK (A. Richmond, L.K., T.B., E.P.-C., A.D.B., C.H., J.F.W.)
| | - Xia Shen
- Biostatistics Group, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (Z.Y., J.C., R.Z., T.L., Z.N., C.Z., Y.W., X.S.)
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (X.S.)
- Center for Intelligent Medicine Research, Greater Bay Area Institute of Precision Medicine (Guangzhou), Fudan University, China (Z.Y., J.C., R.Z., T.L., X.S.)
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, UK (E.M.-D., N.P., Y.H., P.K.J., J.F.W., X.S.)
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Z.N., T.H., Y.C., Y.P., A.M., X.S.)
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19
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Danger R, Feseha Y, Brouard S. The Pseudokinase TRIB1 in Immune Cells and Associated Disorders. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14041011. [PMID: 35205759 PMCID: PMC8869936 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14041011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary TRIB1 is at the center of major cell signaling pathways. In this review, we describe its role in immune cells and highlight TRIB1 interacting partners which suggests cell-specific functions and that TRIB1 is involved in cellular homeostasis and also in different cancers and immune-related disorders. Abstract Research advances in Tribbles homolog (TRIB) genes have established the consensus that this protein family plays roles in diverse biological conditions and regulates intracellular signaling networks and several human diseases. In this review, we focus on one member of the family, TRIB1, and its role at the crossroads of immune signaling. TRIB1 directly interacts with transcription factors such as FOXP3 and C/EBPα, with several signaling molecules such as MEK1 and MALT1 and directly acts on key cell signaling pathways such as the MAPK and NF-κB pathways. Altogether, these interactions emphasize that TRIB1 is at the center of major cell signaling pathways while TRIB1 has cell-specific roles, potentially depending on the expressing cells and binding partners. In this review, we describe its roles in immune cells and highlight the interacting partners explaining these functions which suggests TRIB1 as a precise mediator of cellular homeostasis as well as in different cancers and immune-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Danger
- CHU Nantes, Nantes Université, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology (CR2TI), UMR 1064, F-44000 Nantes, France; (R.D.); (Y.F.)
| | - Yodit Feseha
- CHU Nantes, Nantes Université, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology (CR2TI), UMR 1064, F-44000 Nantes, France; (R.D.); (Y.F.)
| | - Sophie Brouard
- CHU Nantes, Nantes Université, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology (CR2TI), UMR 1064, F-44000 Nantes, France; (R.D.); (Y.F.)
- LabEx IGO “Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology”, F-44000 Nantes, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-240-087-842
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20
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Valentine JM, Ahmadian M, Keinan O, Abu-Odeh M, Zhao P, Zhou X, Keller MP, Gao H, Yu RT, Liddle C, Downes M, Zhang J, Lusis AJ, Attie AD, Evans RM, Rydén M, Saltiel AR. β3-Adrenergic receptor downregulation leads to adipocyte catecholamine resistance in obesity. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:e153357. [PMID: 34847077 PMCID: PMC8759781 DOI: 10.1172/jci153357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The dysregulation of energy homeostasis in obesity involves multihormone resistance. Although leptin and insulin resistance have been well characterized, catecholamine resistance remains largely unexplored. Murine β3-adrenergic receptor expression in adipocytes is orders of magnitude higher compared with that of other isoforms. While resistant to classical desensitization pathways, its mRNA (Adrb3) and protein expression are dramatically downregulated after ligand exposure (homologous desensitization). β3-Adrenergic receptor downregulation also occurs after high-fat diet feeding, concurrent with catecholamine resistance and elevated inflammation. This downregulation is recapitulated in vitro by TNF-α treatment (heterologous desensitization). Both homologous and heterologous desensitization of Adrb3 were triggered by induction of the pseudokinase TRIB1 downstream of the EPAC/RAP2A/PI-PLC pathway. TRIB1 in turn degraded the primary transcriptional activator of Adrb3, CEBPα. EPAC/RAP inhibition enhanced catecholamine-stimulated lipolysis and energy expenditure in obese mice. Moreover, adipose tissue expression of genes in this pathway correlated with body weight extremes in a cohort of genetically diverse mice and with BMI in 2 independent cohorts of humans. These data implicate a signaling axis that may explain reduced hormone-stimulated lipolysis in obesity and resistance to therapeutic interventions with β3-adrenergic receptor agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, Bioengineering, Chemistry, and Biochemistry, UCSD, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Mark P. Keller
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Hui Gao
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ruth T. Yu
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Sciences, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Christopher Liddle
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research and Sydney School of Medicine, University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michael Downes
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Sciences, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Bioengineering, Chemistry, and Biochemistry, UCSD, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Aldons J. Lusis
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, Department of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Alan D. Attie
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Ronald M. Evans
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Sciences, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Mikael Rydén
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alan R. Saltiel
- Department of Medicine and
- Department of Pharmacology, Bioengineering, Chemistry, and Biochemistry, UCSD, San Diego, California, USA
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21
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Hernández-Quiles M, Baak R, Borgman A, den Haan S, Sobrevals Alcaraz P, van Es R, Kiss-Toth E, Vos H, Kalkhoven E. Comprehensive Profiling of Mammalian Tribbles Interactomes Implicates TRIB3 in Gene Repression. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:6318. [PMID: 34944947 PMCID: PMC8699236 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The three human Tribbles (TRIB) pseudokinases have been implicated in a plethora of signaling and metabolic processes linked to cancer initiation and progression and can potentially be used as biomarkers of disease and prognosis. While their modes of action reported so far center around protein-protein interactions, the comprehensive profiling of TRIB interactomes has not been reported yet. Here, we have developed a robust mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics approach to characterize Tribbles' interactomes and report a comprehensive assessment and comparison of the TRIB1, -2 and -3 interactomes, as well as domain-specific interactions for TRIB3. Interestingly, TRIB3, which is predominantly localized in the nucleus, interacts with multiple transcriptional regulators, including proteins involved in gene repression. Indeed, we found that TRIB3 repressed gene transcription when tethered to DNA in breast cancer cells. Taken together, our comprehensive proteomic assessment reveals previously unknown interacting partners and functions of Tribbles proteins that expand our understanding of this family of proteins. In addition, our findings show that MS-based proteomics provides a powerful tool to unravel novel pseudokinase biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Hernández-Quiles
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands; (M.H.-Q.); (R.B.); (A.B.); (S.d.H.)
| | - Rosalie Baak
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands; (M.H.-Q.); (R.B.); (A.B.); (S.d.H.)
| | - Anouska Borgman
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands; (M.H.-Q.); (R.B.); (A.B.); (S.d.H.)
| | - Suzanne den Haan
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands; (M.H.-Q.); (R.B.); (A.B.); (S.d.H.)
| | - Paula Sobrevals Alcaraz
- Oncode Institute and Molecular Cancer Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands; (P.S.A.); (R.v.E.); (H.V.)
| | - Robert van Es
- Oncode Institute and Molecular Cancer Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands; (P.S.A.); (R.v.E.); (H.V.)
| | - Endre Kiss-Toth
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK;
| | - Harmjan Vos
- Oncode Institute and Molecular Cancer Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands; (P.S.A.); (R.v.E.); (H.V.)
| | - Eric Kalkhoven
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands; (M.H.-Q.); (R.B.); (A.B.); (S.d.H.)
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22
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Haas ME, Pirruccello JP, Friedman SN, Wang M, Emdin CA, Ajmera VH, Simon TG, Homburger JR, Guo X, Budoff M, Corey KE, Zhou AY, Philippakis A, Ellinor PT, Loomba R, Batra P, Khera AV. Machine learning enables new insights into genetic contributions to liver fat accumulation. CELL GENOMICS 2021; 1:100066. [PMID: 34957434 PMCID: PMC8699145 DOI: 10.1016/j.xgen.2021.100066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Excess liver fat, called hepatic steatosis, is a leading risk factor for end-stage liver disease and cardiometabolic diseases but often remains undiagnosed in clinical practice because of the need for direct imaging assessments. We developed an abdominal MRI-based machine-learning algorithm to accurately estimate liver fat (correlation coefficients, 0.97-0.99) from a truth dataset of 4,511 middle-aged UK Biobank participants, enabling quantification in 32,192 additional individuals. 17% of participants had predicted liver fat levels indicative of steatosis, and liver fat could not have been reliably estimated based on clinical factors such as BMI. A genome-wide association study of common genetic variants and liver fat replicated three known associations and identified five newly associated variants in or near the MTARC1, ADH1B, TRIB1, GPAM, and MAST3 genes (p < 3 × 10-8). A polygenic score integrating these eight genetic variants was strongly associated with future risk of chronic liver disease (hazard ratio > 1.32 per SD score, p < 9 × 10-17). Rare inactivating variants in the APOB or MTTP genes were identified in 0.8% of individuals with steatosis and conferred more than 6-fold risk (p < 2 × 10-5), highlighting a molecular subtype of hepatic steatosis characterized by defective secretion of apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins. We demonstrate that our imaging-based machine-learning model accurately estimates liver fat and may be useful in epidemiological and genetic studies of hepatic steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary E. Haas
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - James P. Pirruccello
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Machine Learning for Health, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Samuel N. Friedman
- Machine Learning for Health, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Minxian Wang
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Connor A. Emdin
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Veeral H. Ajmera
- NAFLD Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92103, USA
| | - Tracey G. Simon
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Liver Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | | | - Xiuqing Guo
- The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation and Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Matthew Budoff
- The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation and Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Kathleen E. Corey
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Liver Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | | | - Anthony Philippakis
- Machine Learning for Health, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Eric and Wendy Schmidt Center, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Patrick T. Ellinor
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Machine Learning for Health, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Rohit Loomba
- NAFLD Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92103, USA
| | - Puneet Batra
- Machine Learning for Health, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Amit V. Khera
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Machine Learning for Health, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
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23
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Ha EE, Quartuccia GI, Ling R, Xue C, Karikari RA, Hernandez-Ono A, Hu KY, Matias CV, Imam R, Cui J, Pellegata NS, Herzig S, Georgiadi A, Soni RK, Bauer RC. Adipocyte-specific tribbles pseudokinase 1 regulates plasma adiponectin and plasma lipids in mice. Mol Metab 2021; 56:101412. [PMID: 34890852 PMCID: PMC8749272 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Multiple genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified SNPs in the 8q24 locus near TRIB1 that are significantly associated with plasma lipids and other markers of cardiometabolic health, and prior studies have revealed the roles of hepatic and myeloid Trib1 in plasma lipid regulation and atherosclerosis. The same 8q24 SNPs are additionally associated with plasma adiponectin levels in humans, implicating TRIB1 in adipocyte biology. Here, we hypothesize that TRIB1 in adipose tissue regulates plasma adiponectin, lipids, and metabolic health. METHODS We investigate the metabolic phenotype of adipocyte-specific Trib1 knockout mice (Trib1_ASKO) fed on chow and high-fat diet (HFD). Through secretomics of adipose tissue explants and RNA-seq of adipocytes and livers from these mice, we further investigate the mechanism of TRIB1 in adipose tissue. RESULTS Trib1_ASKO mice have an improved metabolic phenotype with increased plasma adiponectin levels, improved glucose tolerance, and decreased plasma lipids. Trib1_ASKO adipocytes have increased adiponectin production and secretion independent of the known TRIB1 function of regulating proteasomal degradation. RNA-seq analysis of adipocytes and livers from Trib1_ASKO mice indicates that alterations in adipocyte function underlie the observed plasma lipid changes. Adipose tissue explant secretomics further reveals that Trib1_ASKO adipose tissue has decreased ANGPTL4 production, and we demonstrate an accompanying increase in the lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity that likely underlies the triglyceride phenotype. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that adipocyte Trib1 regulates multiple aspects of metabolic health, confirming previously observed genetic associations in humans and shedding light on the further mechanisms by which TRIB1 regulates plasma lipids and metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth E Ha
- Cardiometabolic Genomics Program, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gabriella I Quartuccia
- Cardiometabolic Genomics Program, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ruifeng Ling
- Cardiometabolic Genomics Program, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chenyi Xue
- Cardiometabolic Genomics Program, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rhoda A Karikari
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Centre, Munich, Germany
| | - Antonio Hernandez-Ono
- Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Krista Y Hu
- Cardiometabolic Genomics Program, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Caio V Matias
- Cardiometabolic Genomics Program, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rami Imam
- Cardiometabolic Genomics Program, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jian Cui
- Cardiometabolic Genomics Program, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Stephan Herzig
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Centre, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Rajesh K Soni
- Proteomics and Macromolecular Crystallography Shared Resource, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robert C Bauer
- Cardiometabolic Genomics Program, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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24
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Trib1 deficiency causes brown adipose respiratory chain depletion and mitochondrial disorder. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:1098. [PMID: 34811364 PMCID: PMC8608845 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04389-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Tribbles homolog 1 (TRIB1) belongs to the Tribbles family of pseudokinases, which plays a key role in tumorigenesis and inflammation. Although genome-wide analysis shows that TRIB1 expression is highly correlated with blood lipid levels, the relationship between TRIB1 and adipose tissue metabolism remains unclear. Accordingly, the aim of the present study was to explore the role of TRIB1 on mitochondrial function in the brown adipose tissue (BAT). Trib1-knockout mice were established using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 technology. The metabolic function of the BAT was induced by a β3-adrenoceptor agonist and the energy metabolism function of mitochondria in the BAT of mice was evaluated. Trib1-knockout mice exhibited obesity and impaired BAT thermogenesis. In particular, Trib1 knockout reduced the ability of the BAT to maintain body temperature, inhibited β3-adrenoceptor agonist-induced thermogenesis, and accelerated lipid accumulation in the liver and adipose tissues. In addition, Trib1 knockout reduced mitochondrial respiratory chain complex III activity, produced an imbalance between mitochondrial fusion and fission, caused mitochondrial structural damage and dysfunction, and affected heat production and lipid metabolism in the BAT. Conversely, overexpression of Trib1 in 3T3-L1 adipocytes increased the number of mitochondria and improved respiratory function. These findings support the role of Trib1 in regulating the mitochondrial respiratory chain and mitochondrial dynamics by affecting mitochondrial function and thermogenesis in the BAT.
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25
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Quiroz-Figueroa K, Vitali C, Conlon DM, Millar JS, Tobias JW, Bauer RC, Hand NJ, Rader DJ. TRIB1 regulates LDL metabolism through CEBPα-mediated effects on the LDL receptor in hepatocytes. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:146775. [PMID: 34779419 DOI: 10.1172/jci146775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic variants near the TRIB1 gene are highly significantly associated with plasma lipid traits and coronary artery disease. While TRIB1 is likely causal of these associations, the molecular mechanisms are not well understood. Here we sought to investigate how TRIB1 influences low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels in mice. Hepatocyte-specific deletion of Trib1 (Trib1Δhep) in mice increased plasma cholesterol and apoB and slowed the catabolism of LDL-apoB due to decreased levels of LDL receptor (LDLR) mRNA and protein. Simultaneous deletion of the transcription factor CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (CEBPα) with TRIB1 eliminated the effects of TRIB1 on hepatic LDLR regulation and LDL catabolism. Using RNA-seq, we found that activating transcription factor 3 (Atf3) was highly upregulated in the livers of Trib1Δhep but not Trib1Δhep CebpaΔhep mice. ATF3 has been shown to directly bind to the CEBPα protein, and to repress the expression of LDLR by binding its promoter. Blunting the increase of ATF3 in Trib1Δhep mice reduced the levels of plasma cholesterol and partially attenuated the effects on LDLR. Based on these data, we conclude that deletion of Trib1 leads to a posttranslational increase in CEBPα, which increases ATF3 levels, thereby contributing to the downregulation of LDLR and increased plasma LDL-C.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cecilia Vitali
- Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Department of Medicine
| | - Donna M Conlon
- Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Department of Medicine
| | - John S Millar
- Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Department of Medicine
| | | | - Robert C Bauer
- Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Department of Medicine
| | - Nicholas J Hand
- Department of Genetics.,Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Daniel J Rader
- Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Department of Medicine.,Department of Genetics.,Department of Pediatrics, and.,Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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26
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Zhang B, Zhang X, Zhang C, Sun G, Sun X. Berberine Improves the Protective Effects of Metformin on Diabetic Nephropathy in db/db Mice through Trib1-dependent Inhibiting Inflammation. Pharm Res 2021; 38:1807-1820. [PMID: 34773184 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-021-03104-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Diabetic nephropathy (DN), one of severe diabetic complications in the diabetes, is the main cause of end stage renal disease (ESRD). Notably, the currently available medications used to treat DN remain limited. Here, we determined whether berberine (BBR) could enhance the anti-diabetic nephropathy activities of metformin (Met) and explored its possible mechanisms. METHOD The anti-diabetic nephropathy properties were systematically analyzed in the diabetic db/db mice treated with Met, BBR or with combination of Met and BBR. RESULTS We found that both single Met and BBR treatments, and combination therapy could lower blood glucose, and ameliorate insulin resistance. The improvement of lipids metabolism by co-administration was more evident, as indicated by reduced serum cholesterol and less fat accumulation in the liver. Further, it was found that Met and BBR treatments, and co-administration could attenuate the progression of DN. However, anti-diabetic nephropathy activities of Met were enhanced when combined with BBR, as evidenced by improved renal function and histological abnormalities of diabetic kidney. Mechanistically, BBR enhanced renal-protective effects of Met primarily through potently promoting expression of Trib1, which subsequently downregulated the increased protein levels of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α (C/EBPα), and eventually inhibited fatty synthesis proteins and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) signaling. CONCLUSION Our data provide novel insight that co-administration of BBR and Met exerts a preferable activity of anti-diabetic nephropathy via collectively enhancing lipolysis and inhibiting inflammation. Combination therapy with these two drugs may provide an effective therapeutic strategy for the medical treatment of diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100193, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing, 100193, China.,Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine Against Glyeolipid Metabolism Disorder Disease, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xuelian Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100193, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing, 100193, China.,Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine Against Glyeolipid Metabolism Disorder Disease, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Chenyang Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100193, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing, 100193, China.,Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine Against Glyeolipid Metabolism Disorder Disease, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Guibo Sun
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China. .,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100193, China. .,Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing, 100193, China. .,Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine Against Glyeolipid Metabolism Disorder Disease, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Xiaobo Sun
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China. .,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100193, China. .,Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing, 100193, China. .,Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine Against Glyeolipid Metabolism Disorder Disease, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100193, China.
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27
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Gire D, Acharya J, Malik S, Inamdar S, Ghaskadbi S. Molecular mechanism of anti-adipogenic effect of vitexin in differentiating hMSCs. Phytother Res 2021; 35:6462-6471. [PMID: 34612537 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated a detailed molecular mechanism of anti-adipogenic activity of vitexin, apigenin flavone glucoside, present in germinated fenugreek seeds, in differentiating human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). The lipid content of differentiated adipocytes was estimated by ORO staining. Effect on mitotic clonal expansion was checked by cell cycle analysis. Expression of early and terminal adipocyte differentiation markers, anti- and pro-adipogenic transcription factors and signalling intermediates regulating them was evaluated at RNA and protein level. We found vitexin to be non-cytotoxic up to 20 μM at which intracellular lipid accumulation was significantly decreased. Cell cycle analysis suggested that vitexin does not affect mitotic clonal expansion. Expression of early and late differentiation markers, such as CEBPα, CEBPβ, PPARγ, FABP4, perilipin, adiponectin and Glut4 was significantly reduced in the presence of vitexin. Expression of KLF4 and KLF15, positive regulators of PPARγ, was decreased, whereas that of negative regulators, namely KLF2, GATA2, miR20a, miR27a, miR27b, miR128, miR130a, miR130b, miR182 and miR548 increased with vitexin treatment. This effect was mediated by the activation of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway via the activation of LepR and additionally by inhibiting ROS. Thus, our results showed that vitexin regulates the expression of PPARγ and inhibits adipogenesis of hMSCs at an early stage of differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhananjay Gire
- Department of Zoology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Jhankar Acharya
- Department of Zoology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Sajad Malik
- Department of Zoology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Shrirang Inamdar
- Department of Zoology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Saroj Ghaskadbi
- Department of Zoology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
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28
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Abbey D, Conlon D, Rainville C, Elwyn S, Quiroz-Figueroa K, Billheimer J, Schultz DC, Hand NJ, Cherry S, Rader DJ. Lipid droplet screen in human hepatocytes identifies TRRAP as a regulator of cellular triglyceride metabolism. Clin Transl Sci 2021; 14:1369-1379. [PMID: 34156146 PMCID: PMC8301584 DOI: 10.1111/cts.12988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocytes store triglycerides (TGs) in the form of lipid droplets (LDs), which are increased in hepatosteatosis. The regulation of hepatic LDs is poorly understood and new therapies to reduce hepatosteatosis are needed. We performed a siRNA kinase and phosphatase screen in HuH‐7 cells using high‐content automated imaging of LDs. Changes in accumulated lipids were quantified with developed pipeline that measures intensity, area, and number of LDs. Selected “hits,” which reduced lipid accumulation, were further validated with other lipid and expression assays. Among several siRNAs that resulted in significantly reduced LDs, one was targeted to the nuclear adapter protein, transformation/transcription domain‐associated protein (TRRAP). Knockdown of TRRAP reduced triglyceride accumulation in HuH‐7 hepatocytes, in part by reducing C/EBPα‐mediated de novo synthesis of TGs. These findings implicate TRRAP as a novel regulator of hepatic TG metabolism and nominate it as a potential drug target for hepatosteatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepti Abbey
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Donna Conlon
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Christopher Rainville
- High Throughput Screening Core, Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Susannah Elwyn
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Katherine Quiroz-Figueroa
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jeffrey Billheimer
- Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - David C Schultz
- High Throughput Screening Core, Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nicholas J Hand
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sara Cherry
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Daniel J Rader
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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29
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The pseudokinase Tribbles-1 (TRIB1) remains the focus of intense research since genome-wide association studies (GWAS) associated it with multiple cardiometabolic traits in humans, including plasma lipids and atherosclerosis. This review highlights recent advances in understanding the function of TRIB1 and what outstanding questions remain. RECENT FINDINGS Studies performed in a myeloid-specific Trib1 mouse model show that Trib1 contributes to foam cell formation, underscoring the importance of continued research into tissue-specific functions of TRIB1. Investigations of TRIB1 function in a 3D hepatic organoid model demonstrate that hepatic TRIB1 functions elucidated in mouse models are recapitulated in these organoid systems. Lastly, a recent study showed berberine, an existing lipid-lowering drug, to be acting via a TRIB1-dependent mechanism, highlighting both a novel regulator of TRIB1 expression and the potential of studying TRIB1 through existing therapeutics. SUMMARY TRIB1 remains one of the more fascinating loci to arise from cardiometabolic GWAS, given the constellation of traits it associates with. As genetic studies continue to link TRIB1 to metabolic phenotypes, more functional research on tissue-specific TRIB1, regulation of TRIB1 and its function in current therapies, as well as the reproduction of results from mice in human contexts are all necessary to increase our understanding of TRIB1 and its relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krista Y. Hu
- Cardiometabolic Genomics Program, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032
| | - Robert C. Bauer
- Cardiometabolic Genomics Program, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032
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30
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW More than one hundred loci have been identified from human genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for blood lipids. Despite the success of GWAS in identifying loci, subsequent prioritization of causal genes related to these loci remains a challenge. To address this challenge, recent work suggests that candidate causal genes within loci can be prioritized through cross-species integration using genome-wide data from the mouse. RECENT FINDINGS Mouse model systems provide unparalleled access to primary tissues, like the liver, that are not readily available for human studies. Given the key role the liver plays in controlling blood lipid levels and the wealth of liver genome-wide transcript and protein data available in the mouse, these data can be leveraged. Using coexpression network analysis approaches with mouse genome-wide data, coupled with cross-species analysis of human lipid GWAS, causal genes within lipid loci can be prioritized. Prioritization through both mouse and human along with biochemical validation provide a systematic and valuable method to discover lipid metabolism genes. SUMMARY The prioritization of causal lipid genes within GWAS loci is a challenging process requiring a multidisciplinary approach. Integration of data types across species, such as the mouse, can aid in causal gene prioritization.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A. Votava
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Brian W. Parks
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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31
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Rome KS, Stein SJ, Kurachi M, Petrovic J, Schwartz GW, Mack EA, Uljon S, Wu WW, DeHart AG, McClory SE, Xu L, Gimotty PA, Blacklow SC, Faryabi RB, Wherry EJ, Jordan MS, Pear WS. Trib1 regulates T cell differentiation during chronic infection by restraining the effector program. J Exp Med 2020; 217:133863. [PMID: 32150623 PMCID: PMC7201917 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20190888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In chronic infections, the immune response fails to control virus, leading to persistent antigen stimulation and the progressive development of T cell exhaustion. T cell effector differentiation is poorly understood in the context of exhaustion, but targeting effector programs may provide new strategies for reinvigorating T cell function. We identified Tribbles pseudokinase 1 (Trib1) as a central regulator of antiviral T cell immunity, where loss of Trib1 led to a sustained enrichment of effector-like KLRG1+ T cells, enhanced function, and improved viral control. Single-cell profiling revealed that Trib1 restrains a population of KLRG1+ effector CD8 T cells that is transcriptionally distinct from exhausted cells. Mechanistically, we identified an interaction between Trib1 and the T cell receptor (TCR) signaling activator, MALT1, which disrupted MALT1 signaling complexes. These data identify Trib1 as a negative regulator of TCR signaling and downstream function, and reveal a link between Trib1 and effector versus exhausted T cell differentiation that can be targeted to improve antiviral immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly S Rome
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Sarah J Stein
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Makoto Kurachi
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jelena Petrovic
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Gregory W Schwartz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.,Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Ethan A Mack
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Sacha Uljon
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Department of Cancer Biology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Winona W Wu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Anne G DeHart
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Susan E McClory
- Divisions of Hematology and Oncology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Lanwei Xu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Phyllis A Gimotty
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Stephen C Blacklow
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Department of Cancer Biology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Robert B Faryabi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.,Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.,Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.,Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - E John Wherry
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.,Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Martha S Jordan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.,Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Warren S Pear
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.,Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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De Giorgi M, Jarrett KE, Burton JC, Doerfler AM, Hurley A, Li A, Hsu RH, Furgurson M, Patel KR, Han J, Borchers CH, Lagor WR. Depletion of essential isoprenoids and ER stress induction following acute liver-specific deletion of HMG-CoA reductase. J Lipid Res 2020; 61:1675-1686. [PMID: 33109681 PMCID: PMC7707164 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.ra120001006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
HMG-CoA reductase (Hmgcr) is the rate-limiting enzyme in the mevalonate pathway and is inhibited by statins. In addition to cholesterol, Hmgcr activity is also required for synthesizing nonsterol isoprenoids, such as dolichol, ubiquinone, and farnesylated and geranylgeranylated proteins. Here, we investigated the effects of Hmgcr inhibition on nonsterol isoprenoids in the liver. We have generated new genetic models to acutely delete genes in the mevalonate pathway in the liver using AAV-mediated delivery of Cre-recombinase (AAV-Cre) or CRISPR/Cas9 (AAV-CRISPR). The genetic deletion of Hmgcr by AAV-Cre resulted in extensive hepatocyte apoptosis and compensatory liver regeneration. At the biochemical level, we observed decreased levels of sterols and depletion of the nonsterol isoprenoids, dolichol and ubiquinone. At the cellular level, Hmgcr-null hepatocytes showed ER stress and impaired N-glycosylation. We further hypothesized that the depletion of dolichol, essential for N-glycosylation, could be responsible for ER stress. Using AAV-CRISPR, we somatically disrupted dehydrodolichyl diphosphate synthase subunit (Dhdds), encoding a branch point enzyme required for dolichol biosynthesis. Dhdds-null livers showed ER stress and impaired N-glycosylation, along with apoptosis and regeneration. Finally, the combined deletion of Hmgcr and Dhdds synergistically exacerbated hepatocyte ER stress. Our data show a critical role for mevalonate-derived dolichol in the liver and suggest that dolichol depletion is at least partially responsible for ER stress and apoptosis upon potent Hmgcr inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco De Giorgi
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kelsey E Jarrett
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Integrative Molecular and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jason C Burton
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Integrative Molecular and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Alexandria M Doerfler
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ayrea Hurley
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ang Li
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rachel H Hsu
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mia Furgurson
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kalyani R Patel
- Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jun Han
- Genome British Columbia Proteomics Centre, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Christoph H Borchers
- Proteomics Centre, Segal Cancer Centre, Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Data Intensive Science and Engineering, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Skolkovo Innovation Center, Moscow, Russia
| | - William R Lagor
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
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Niespolo C, Johnston JM, Deshmukh SR, Satam S, Shologu Z, Villacanas O, Sudbery IM, Wilson HL, Kiss-Toth E. Tribbles-1 Expression and Its Function to Control Inflammatory Cytokines, Including Interleukin-8 Levels are Regulated by miRNAs in Macrophages and Prostate Cancer Cells. Front Immunol 2020; 11:574046. [PMID: 33329538 PMCID: PMC7728618 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.574046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The pseudokinase TRIB1 controls cell function in a range of contexts, by regulating MAP kinase activation and mediating protein degradation via the COP1 ubiquitin ligase. TRIB1 regulates polarization of macrophages and dysregulated Trib1 expression in murine models has been shown to alter atherosclerosis burden and adipose homeostasis. Recently, TRIB1 has also been implicated in the pathogenesis of prostate cancer, where it is often overexpressed, even in the absence of genetic amplification. Well described TRIB1 effectors include MAP kinases and C/EBP transcription factors, both in immune cells and in carcinogenesis. However, the mechanisms that regulate TRIB1 itself remain elusive. Here, we show that the long and conserved 3’untranslated region (3’UTR) of TRIB1 is targeted by miRNAs in macrophage and prostate cancer models. By using a systematic in silico analysis, we identified multiple “high confidence” miRNAs potentially binding to the 3’UTR of TRIB1 and report that miR-101-3p and miR-132-3p are direct regulators of TRIB1 expression and function. Binding of miR-101-3p and miR-132-3p to the 3’UTR of TRIB1 mRNA leads to an increased transcription and secretion of interleukin-8. Our data demonstrate that modulation of TRIB1 by miRNAs alters the inflammatory profile of both human macrophages and prostate cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Niespolo
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Jessica M Johnston
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Sumeet R Deshmukh
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Sheffield Institute for Nucleic Acids, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Swapna Satam
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer IDC, Helmholtz Center, Munich, Germany
| | - Ziyanda Shologu
- Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | | | - Ian M Sudbery
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Sheffield Institute for Nucleic Acids, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Heather L Wilson
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Endre Kiss-Toth
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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Bi X, Kuwano T, Lee PC, Millar JS, Li L, Shen Y, Soccio RE, Hand NJ, Rader DJ. ILRUN, a Human Plasma Lipid GWAS Locus, Regulates Lipoprotein Metabolism in Mice. Circ Res 2020; 127:1347-1361. [PMID: 32912065 PMCID: PMC7644615 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.120.317175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Single-nucleotide polymorphisms near the ILRUN (inflammation and lipid regulator with ubiquitin-associated-like and NBR1 [next to BRCA1 gene 1 protein]-like domains) gene are genome-wide significantly associated with plasma lipid traits and coronary artery disease (CAD), but the biological basis of this association is unknown. OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of ILRUN in plasma lipid and lipoprotein metabolism. METHODS AND RESULTS ILRUN encodes a protein that contains a ubiquitin-associated-like domain, suggesting that it may interact with ubiquitinylated proteins. We generated mice globally deficient for Ilrun and found they had significantly lower plasma cholesterol levels resulting from reduced liver lipoprotein production. Liver transcriptome analysis uncovered altered transcription of genes downstream of lipid-related transcription factors, particularly PPARα (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha), and livers from Ilrun-deficient mice had increased PPARα protein. Human ILRUN was shown to bind to ubiquitinylated proteins including PPARα, and the ubiquitin-associated-like domain of ILRUN was found to be required for its interaction with PPARα. CONCLUSIONS These findings establish ILRUN as a novel regulator of lipid metabolism that promotes hepatic lipoprotein production. Our results also provide functional evidence that ILRUN may be the casual gene underlying the observed genetic associations with plasma lipids at 6p21 in human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Bi
- Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Department of Medicine; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Genetics; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Takashi Kuwano
- Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Department of Medicine; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Paul C. Lee
- Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Department of Medicine; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - John S. Millar
- Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Department of Medicine; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Li Li
- Penn Cardiovascular Institute; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yachen Shen
- Department of Medicine; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Raymond E. Soccio
- Department of Medicine; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Nicholas J. Hand
- Department of Genetics; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Daniel J. Rader
- Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Department of Medicine; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Genetics; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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35
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Balkrishna A, Gohel V, Singh R, Joshi M, Varshney Y, Srivastava J, Bhattacharya K, Varshney A. Tri-Herbal Medicine Divya Sarva-Kalp-Kwath (Livogrit) Regulates Fatty Acid-Induced Steatosis in Human HepG2 Cells through Inhibition of Intracellular Triglycerides and Extracellular Glycerol Levels. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25204849. [PMID: 33096687 PMCID: PMC7587968 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25204849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Steatosis is characterized by excessive triglycerides accumulation in liver cells. Recently, application of herbal formulations has gained importance in treating complex diseases. Therefore, this study explores the efficacy of tri-herbal medicine Divya Sarva-Kalp-Kwath (SKK; brand name, Livogrit) in treating free fatty acid (FFA)-induced steatosis in human liver (HepG2) cells and rat primary hepatocytes. Previously, we demonstrated that cytosafe SKK ameliorated CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity. In this study, we evaluated the role of SKK in reducing FFA-induced cell-death, and steatosis in HepG2 through analysis of cell viability, intracellular lipid and triglyceride accumulation, extracellular free glycerol levels, and mRNA expression changes. Plant metabolic components fingerprinting in SKK was performed via High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC). Treatment with SKK significantly reduced the loss of cell viability induced by 2 mM-FFA in a dose-dependent manner. SKK also reduced intracellular lipid, triglyceride accumulation, secreted AST levels, and increased extracellular free glycerol presence in the FFA-exposed cells. SKK normalized the FFA-stimulated overexpression of SREBP1c, FAS, C/EBPα, and CPT1A genes associated with the induction of steatosis. In addition, treatment of rat primary hepatocytes with FFA and SKK concurrently, reduced intracellular lipid accumulation. Thus, SKK showed efficacy in reducing intracellular triglyceride accumulation and increasing extracellular glycerol release, along with downregulation of related key genetic factors for FFA-associated steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Acharya Balkrishna
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, Governed by Patanjali Research Foundation Trust, NH-58, Haridwar 249 405, Uttarakhand, India; (A.B.); (V.G.); (R.S.); (M.J.); (Y.V.); (J.S.); (K.B.)
- Department of Allied and Applied Sciences, University of Patanjali, Patanjali Yog Peeth, Roorkee-Haridwar Road, Haridwar 249 405, Uttarakhand, India
- Patanjali Yog Peeth (UK) Trust, 40 Lambhill Street, Kinning Park, Glasgow G41 1AU, UK
| | - Vivek Gohel
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, Governed by Patanjali Research Foundation Trust, NH-58, Haridwar 249 405, Uttarakhand, India; (A.B.); (V.G.); (R.S.); (M.J.); (Y.V.); (J.S.); (K.B.)
| | - Rani Singh
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, Governed by Patanjali Research Foundation Trust, NH-58, Haridwar 249 405, Uttarakhand, India; (A.B.); (V.G.); (R.S.); (M.J.); (Y.V.); (J.S.); (K.B.)
| | - Monali Joshi
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, Governed by Patanjali Research Foundation Trust, NH-58, Haridwar 249 405, Uttarakhand, India; (A.B.); (V.G.); (R.S.); (M.J.); (Y.V.); (J.S.); (K.B.)
| | - Yash Varshney
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, Governed by Patanjali Research Foundation Trust, NH-58, Haridwar 249 405, Uttarakhand, India; (A.B.); (V.G.); (R.S.); (M.J.); (Y.V.); (J.S.); (K.B.)
| | - Jyotish Srivastava
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, Governed by Patanjali Research Foundation Trust, NH-58, Haridwar 249 405, Uttarakhand, India; (A.B.); (V.G.); (R.S.); (M.J.); (Y.V.); (J.S.); (K.B.)
| | - Kunal Bhattacharya
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, Governed by Patanjali Research Foundation Trust, NH-58, Haridwar 249 405, Uttarakhand, India; (A.B.); (V.G.); (R.S.); (M.J.); (Y.V.); (J.S.); (K.B.)
| | - Anurag Varshney
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, Governed by Patanjali Research Foundation Trust, NH-58, Haridwar 249 405, Uttarakhand, India; (A.B.); (V.G.); (R.S.); (M.J.); (Y.V.); (J.S.); (K.B.)
- Department of Allied and Applied Sciences, University of Patanjali, Patanjali Yog Peeth, Roorkee-Haridwar Road, Haridwar 249 405, Uttarakhand, India
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +91-1334-244-107 (ext. x7458); Fax: +91-1334-244-805
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Validating a non-invasive, ALT-based non-alcoholic fatty liver phenotype in the million veteran program. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0237430. [PMID: 32841307 PMCID: PMC7447043 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & aims Given ongoing challenges in non-invasive non-alcoholic liver disease (NAFLD) diagnosis, we sought to validate an ALT-based NAFLD phenotype using measures readily available in electronic health records (EHRs) and population-based studies by leveraging the clinical and genetic data in the Million Veteran Program (MVP), a multi-ethnic mega-biobank of US Veterans. Methods MVP participants with alanine aminotransferases (ALT) >40 units/L for men and >30 units/L for women without other causes of liver disease were compared to controls with normal ALT. Genetic variants spanning eight NAFLD risk or ALT-associated loci (LYPLAL1, GCKR, HSD17B13, TRIB1, PPP1R3B, ERLIN1, TM6SF2, PNPLA3) were tested for NAFLD associations with sensitivity analyses adjusting for metabolic risk factors and alcohol consumption. A manual EHR review assessed performance characteristics of the NAFLD phenotype with imaging and biopsy data as gold standards. Genetic associations with advanced fibrosis were explored using FIB4, NAFLD Fibrosis Score and platelet counts. Results Among 322,259 MVP participants, 19% met non-invasive criteria for NAFLD. Trans-ethnic meta-analysis replicated associations with previously reported genetic variants in all but LYPLAL1 and GCKR loci (P<6x10-3), without attenuation when adjusted for metabolic risk factors and alcohol consumption. At the previously reported LYPLAL1 locus, the established genetic variant did not appear to be associated with NAFLD, however the regional association plot showed a significant association with NAFLD 279kb downstream. In the EHR validation, the ALT-based NAFLD phenotype yielded a positive predictive value 0.89 and 0.84 for liver biopsy and abdominal imaging, respectively (inter-rater reliability (Cohen’s kappa = 0.98)). HSD17B13 and PNPLA3 loci were associated with advanced fibrosis. Conclusions We validate a simple, non-invasive ALT-based NAFLD phenotype using EHR data by leveraging previously established NAFLD risk-associated genetic polymorphisms.
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Abbey D, Elwyn S, Hand NJ, Musunuru K, Rader DJ. Self-Organizing Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Hepatocyte 3D Organoids Inform the Biology of the Pleiotropic TRIB1 Gene. Hepatol Commun 2020; 4:1316-1331. [PMID: 32923835 PMCID: PMC7471428 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Establishment of a physiologically relevant human hepatocyte‐like cell system for in vitro translational research has been hampered by the limited availability of cell models that accurately reflect human biology and the pathophysiology of human disease. Here we report a robust, reproducible, and scalable protocol for the generation of hepatic organoids from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) using short exposure to nonengineered matrices. These hepatic organoids follow defined stages of hepatic development and express higher levels of early (hepatocyte nuclear factor 4A [HNF4A], prospero‐related homeobox 1 [PROX1]) and mature hepatic and metabolic markers (albumin, asialoglycoprotein receptor 1 [ASGR1], CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α [C/EBPα]) than two‐dimensional (2D) hepatocyte‐like cells (HLCs) at day 20 of differentiation. We used this model to explore the biology of the pleiotropic TRIB1 (Tribbles‐1) gene associated with a number of metabolic traits, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and plasma lipids. We used genome editing to delete the TRIB1 gene in hiPSCs and compared TRIB1‐deleted iPSC‐HLCs to isogenic iPSC‐HLCs under both 2D culture and three‐dimensional (3D) organoid conditions. Under conventional 2D culture conditions, TRIB1‐deficient HLCs showed maturation defects, with decreased expression of late‐stage hepatic and lipogenesis markers. In contrast, when cultured as 3D hepatic organoids, the differentiation defects were rescued, and a clear lipid‐related phenotype was noted in the TRIB1‐deficient induced pluripotent stem cell HLCs. Conclusion: This work supports the potential of genome‐edited hiPSC‐derived hepatic 3D organoids in exploring human hepatocyte biology, including the functional interrogation of genes identified through human genetic investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepti Abbey
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA.,Department of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA.,Department of Medicine Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA
| | - Susannah Elwyn
- Department of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA.,Department of Medicine Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA
| | - Nicholas J Hand
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA
| | - Kiran Musunuru
- Division of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA
| | - Daniel J Rader
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA.,Department of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA.,Department of Medicine Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA.,Division of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA
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38
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Integrating Mouse and Human Genetic Data to Move beyond GWAS and Identify Causal Genes in Cholesterol Metabolism. Cell Metab 2020; 31:741-754.e5. [PMID: 32197071 PMCID: PMC7184639 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2020.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Identifying the causal gene(s) that connects genetic variation to a phenotype is a challenging problem in genome-wide association studies (GWASs). Here, we develop a systematic approach that integrates mouse liver co-expression networks with human lipid GWAS data to identify regulators of cholesterol and lipid metabolism. Through our approach, we identified 48 genes showing replication in mice and associated with plasma lipid traits in humans and six genes on the X chromosome. Among these 54 genes, 25 have no previously identified role in lipid metabolism. Based on functional studies and integration with additional human lipid GWAS datasets, we pinpoint Sestrin1 as a causal gene associated with plasma cholesterol levels in humans. Our validation studies demonstrate that Sestrin1 influences plasma cholesterol in multiple mouse models and regulates cholesterol biosynthesis. Our results highlight the power of combining mouse and human datasets for prioritization of human lipid GWAS loci and discovery of lipid genes.
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39
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Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified hundreds of genomic loci in humans that are significantly associated with plasma cholesterol, triglycerides, and coronary artery disease. Although some loci contain genes with known regulatory roles in lipid metabolism and atherosclerosis, the majority were being implicated for the first time. The 8q24 locus, containing the gene TRIB1 ( Tribbles-1), is the only novel GWAS locus that associates with all 4 plasma lipid traits and coronary artery disease, an observation that has spurred immense interest in this locus. Subsequent in vivo loss and gain of function studies confirmed that Trib1 plays a role in hepatic lipid metabolism, validating the initial genetic observation. Yet, many challenges remain in discerning the nature of the association between the TRIB1 locus and cardiometabolic phenotypes. Is TRIB1 the causal gene at the 8q24 locus and what is the functional consequence of the associated noncoding variation? Is the relationship between TRIB1 and the transcription factor C/EBPα (CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha) the primary molecular mechanism governing the genetic association or could it be an as yet unknown function for this interesting pseudokinase? Is hepatic TRIB1 the sole regulator of lipid metabolism or could extrahepatic TRIB1 play a role as well? The following review summarizes key findings related to these questions and highlights both the challenges and excitement in pursuing translational research of a novel gene in the post-GWAS era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavita S Jadhav
- From the Cardiometabolic Genomics Program, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York
| | - Robert C Bauer
- From the Cardiometabolic Genomics Program, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York
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40
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Richmond L, Keeshan K. Pseudokinases: a tribble-edged sword. FEBS J 2019; 287:4170-4182. [PMID: 31621188 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Advances in the understanding of the Tribbles family of pseudokinases (TRIB1, TRIB2 and TRIB3) reveal these proteins as potentially valuable biomarkers of disease diagnosis, prognosis, prediction and clinical strategy. In their role as signalling mediators and scaffolding proteins, TRIBs lead to changes in protein stability and activity, which impact on diverse cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, cell cycle and cell death. We review the role of TRIB proteins as promising therapeutic targets, with an emphasis on their role in cancer, and as biomarkers, with potential application across diverse pathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Richmond
- Paul O'Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Karen Keeshan
- Paul O'Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
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41
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Singh AB, Liu J. Berberine decreases plasma triglyceride levels and upregulates hepatic TRIB1 in LDLR wild type mice and in LDLR deficient mice. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15641. [PMID: 31666640 PMCID: PMC6821852 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52253-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
TRIB1 is a GWAS locus associated with plasma cholesterol and triglycerides (TG) levels. In mice, liver-specific overexpression of TRIB1 lowers plasma lipid levels. Berberine (BBR) is a natural lipid lowering drug that reduces plasma LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C), total cholesterol (TC) and TG in hyperlipidemic patients and in mice by mechanisms involving upregulation of hepatic LDL receptor (LDLR). Here, we demonstrated that BBR treatment reduced plasma LDL-C, TC and TG in LDLR wildtype (WT) mice fed a high fat and high cholesterol diet and it only lowered TG in LDLR WT mice fed a normal chow diet. In hypercholesterolemic LDLR deficient mice (Ldlr-/-), BBR treatment reduced plasma TG levels by 51% compared to the vehicle control without affecting plasma cholesterol levels. Hepatic gene expression analysis revealed that Trib1 mRNA levels were significantly elevated by BBR treatment in all three mouse models and increases of Trib1 mRNA expression were associated with reduced expression of lipogenic genes including Cebpa, Acc1 and Scd1. In vitro studies further demonstrate that BBR induces TRIB1 mRNA expression by a transcriptional mechanism via ERK signaling pathway. These new findings warrant future in vivo studies to determine the causal role of Trib1 in BBR-mediated TG lowering independent of LDLR regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amar Bahadur Singh
- Department of Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, 94304, USA
| | - Jingwen Liu
- Department of Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, 94304, USA.
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42
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Cohen DM, Lim HW, Won KJ, Steger DJ. Shared nucleotide flanks confer transcriptional competency to bZip core motifs. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 46:8371-8384. [PMID: 30085281 PMCID: PMC6144830 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Sequence-specific DNA binding recruits transcription factors (TFs) to the genome to regulate gene expression. Here, we perform high resolution mapping of CEBP proteins to determine how sequence dictates genomic occupancy. We demonstrate a fundamental difference between the sequence repertoire utilized by CEBPs in vivo versus the palindromic sequence preference reported by classical in vitro models, by identifying a palindromic motif at <1% of the genomic binding sites. On the native genome, CEBPs bind a diversity of related 10 bp sequences resulting from the fusion of degenerate and canonical half-sites. Altered DNA specificity of CEBPs in cells occurs through heterodimerization with other bZip TFs, and approximately 40% of CEBP-binding sites in primary human cells harbor motifs characteristic of CEBP heterodimers. In addition, we uncover an important role for sequence bias at core-motif-flanking bases for CEBPs and demonstrate that flanking bases regulate motif function across mammalian bZip TFs. Favorable flanking bases confer efficient TF occupancy and transcriptional activity, and DNA shape may explain how the flanks alter TF binding. Importantly, motif optimization within the 10-mer is strongly correlated with cell-type-independent recruitment of CEBPβ, providing key insight into how sequence sub-optimization affects genomic occupancy of widely expressed CEBPs across cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M Cohen
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,The Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Hee-Woong Lim
- The Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kyoung-Jae Won
- The Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - David J Steger
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,The Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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43
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De Giorgi M, Lagor WR. Gene Delivery in Lipid Research and Therapies. Methodist Debakey Cardiovasc J 2019; 15:62-69. [PMID: 31049151 DOI: 10.14797/mdcj-15-1-62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide, and elevated lipid levels is a major contributor. Gene delivery, which involves controlled transfer of nucleic acids into cells and tissues, has been widely used in research to study lipid metabolism and physiology. Several technologies have been developed to somatically overexpress, silence, or disrupt genes in animal models and have greatly advanced our knowledge of metabolism. This is particularly true with regard to the liver, which plays a central role in lipoprotein metabolism and is amenable to many delivery approaches. In addition to basic science applications, many of these delivery technologies have potential as gene therapies for both common and rare lipid disorders. This review discusses three major gene delivery technologies used in lipid research-including adeno-associated viral vector overexpression, antisense oligonucleotides and small interfering RNAs, and the Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 genome editing system-and examines their potential therapeutic applications.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Residual cardiovascular disease risk and increasing metabolic syndrome risk underscores a need for novel therapeutics targeting lipid metabolism in humans. Unbiased human genetic screens have proven powerful in identifying novel genomic loci, and this review discusses recent developments in such discovery. RECENT FINDINGS Recent human genome-wide association studies have been completed in incredibly large, detailed cohorts, allowing for the identification of more than 300 genomic loci that participate in the regulation of plasma lipid metabolism. However, the discovery of these loci has greatly outpaced the elucidation of the underlying functional mechanisms. The identification of novel roles for long noncoding RNAs, such as CHROME, LeXis, and MeXis, in lipid metabolism suggests that noncoding RNAs should be included in the functional translation of GWAS loci. SUMMARY Unbiased genetic studies appear to have unearthed a great deal of novel biology with respect to lipid metabolism, yet translation of these findings into actionable mechanisms has been slow. Increased focus on the translation, rather than the discovery, of these loci, with new attention paid to lncRNAs, can help spur the development of novel therapeutics targeting lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth E. Ha
- Cardiometabolic Genomics Program, Division of Cardiology, Department of
Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032
| | - Andrew G. Van Camp
- Cardiometabolic Genomics Program, Division of Cardiology, Department of
Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032
| | - Robert C. Bauer
- Cardiometabolic Genomics Program, Division of Cardiology, Department of
Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032
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45
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Trib1 regulates eosinophil lineage commitment and identity by restraining the neutrophil program. Blood 2019; 133:2413-2426. [PMID: 30917956 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2018872218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Eosinophils and neutrophils are critical for host defense, yet gaps in understanding how granulocytes differentiate from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) into mature effectors remain. The pseudokinase tribbles homolog 1 (Trib1) is an important regulator of granulocytes; knockout mice lack eosinophils and have increased neutrophils. However, how Trib1 regulates cellular identity and function during eosinophilopoiesis is not understood. Trib1 expression markedly increases with eosinophil-lineage commitment in eosinophil progenitors (EoPs), downstream of the granulocyte/macrophage progenitor (GMP). Using hematopoietic- and eosinophil-lineage-specific Trib1 deletion, we found that Trib1 regulates both granulocyte precursor lineage commitment and mature eosinophil identity. Conditional Trib1 deletion in HSCs reduced the size of the EoP pool and increased neutrophils, whereas deletion following eosinophil lineage commitment blunted the decrease in EoPs without increasing neutrophils. In both modes of deletion, Trib1-deficient mice expanded a stable population of Ly6G+ eosinophils with neutrophilic characteristics and functions, and had increased CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α (C/EBPα) p42. Using an ex vivo differentiation assay, we found that interleukin 5 (IL-5) supports the generation of Ly6G+ eosinophils from Trib1-deficient cells, but is not sufficient to restore normal eosinophil differentiation and development. Furthermore, we demonstrated that Trib1 loss blunted eosinophil migration and altered chemokine receptor expression, both in vivo and ex vivo. Finally, we showed that Trib1 controls eosinophil identity by modulating C/EBPα. Together, our findings provide new insights into early events in myelopoiesis, whereby Trib1 functions at 2 distinct stages to guide eosinophil lineage commitment from the GMP and suppress the neutrophil program, promoting eosinophil terminal identity and maintaining lineage fidelity.
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46
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Liu ZZ, Han ZD, Liang YK, Chen JX, Wan S, Zhuo YJ, Cai ZD, Deng YL, Lin ZY, Mo RJ, He HC, Zhong WD. TRIB1 induces macrophages to M2 phenotype by inhibiting IKB-zeta in prostate cancer. Cell Signal 2019; 59:152-162. [PMID: 30926388 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2019.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapy has made great breakthroughs in the field of cancer. However, the immunotherapeutic effect of prostate cancer is unsatisfactory. We found that the expression of TRIB1 was significantly correlated with the infiltration of CD163+ macrophages in prostate cancer. This study focused on the effects of TRIB1 on macrophage polarization in the immune microenvironment of prostate cancer. RNA sequencing analysis demonstrated that TRIB1 has significant effects on the regulation of the nuclear factor (NF)-κB signaling pathway and downstream cytokines. Flow cytometry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were used to examine THP-1 cells cultured in conditioned medium from prostate cancer cells overexpressing TRIB1 and showed that overexpression of TRIB1 promoted the secretion of CXCL2 and interleukin (IL)8 by PC3 cells, which increased the secretion of IL12 by THP-1 cells as well as the expression of CD163 on THP-1 cells. IKB-zeta, regulated by TRIB1, was expressed in PC3 cells but was barely detectable in DU145 cells. The reductions in CXCL2 and IL8 by the inhibition of TRIB1 were rescued by the deletion of IKB-zeta. Here we showed that TRIB1 promoted the secretion of cytokines from prostate cancer cells and induced the differentiation of monocytes/macrophages into M2 macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Zhen Liu
- Department of Urology, Huadu District People's Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510800, China; Department of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510180, China; Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Zhao-Dong Han
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510180, China
| | - Ying-Ke Liang
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510180, China
| | - Jun-Xu Chen
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510180, China
| | - Song Wan
- Department of Urology, Huadu District People's Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510800, China
| | - Yang-Jia Zhuo
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510180, China
| | - Zhi-Duan Cai
- Department of Urology, Huadu District People's Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510800, China; Department of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510180, China
| | - Yu-Lin Deng
- Department of Urology, Huadu District People's Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510800, China; Department of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510180, China
| | - Zhuo-Yuan Lin
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Ru-Jun Mo
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510180, China
| | - Hui-Chan He
- Urology Key Laboratory of Guangdong Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510230, China
| | - Wei-De Zhong
- Department of Urology, Huadu District People's Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510800, China; Department of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510180, China; Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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47
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Highlights of the 2nd International Symposium on Tribbles and Diseases: tribbles tremble in therapeutics for immunity, metabolism, fundamental cell biology and cancer. Acta Pharm Sin B 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2018.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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48
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Ribavirin-induced down-regulation of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α leads to suppression of lipogenesis. Biochem J 2019; 476:137-149. [PMID: 30552141 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20180680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Recently, we demonstrated that the anti-viral drug ribavirin (RBV) had the ability to suppress lipogenesis through down-regulation of retinoid X receptor α (RXRα) under the control of the intracellular GTP-level and AMP-activated protein kinase-related kinases, especially microtubule affinity regulating kinase 4 (MARK4). RXRα-overexpression attenuated but did not abolish lipogenesis suppression by RBV, implying that additional factor(s) were involved in this suppressive effect. In the present study, we found that the protein level, but not the mRNA level, of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α (C/EBPα) was down-regulated by RBV in hepatic cells. Treatment with proteasome inhibitor attenuated RBV-induced down-regulation of C/EBPα, suggesting that RBV promoted degradation of C/EBPα protein via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Depletion of intracellular GTP through inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase inhibition by RBV led to down-regulation of C/EBPα. In contrast, down-regulation of C/EBPα by RBV was independent of RXRα and MARK4. Knockdown of C/EBPα reduced the intracellular neutral lipid levels and the expression of genes related to the triglyceride (TG) synthesis pathway, especially glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase, mitochondrial (GPAM), which encodes the first rate-limiting TG enzyme. Overexpression of C/EBPα yielded the opposite results. We also observed that RBV decreased GPAM expression. Moreover, overexpression of GPAM attenuated RBV-induced reduction in the intracellular neutral lipid levels. These data suggest that down-regulation of C/EBPα by RBV leads to the reduction in GPAM expression, which contributes to the suppression of lipogenesis. Our findings about the mechanism of RBV action in lipogenesis suppression will provide new insights for therapy against the active lipogenesis involved in hepatic steatosis and hepatocellular carcinomas.
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49
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Desai M, Ferrini MG, Jellyman JK, Han G, Ross MG. In vivo and in vitro bisphenol A exposure effects on adiposity. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2018; 9:678-687. [PMID: 30156179 PMCID: PMC6363869 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174418000600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In utero exposure to the ubiquitous plasticizer, bisphenol A (BPA) is associated with offspring obesity. As adipogenesis is a critical factor contributing to obesity, we determined the effects of in vivo maternal BPA and in vitro BPA exposure on newborn adipose tissue at the stem-cell level. For in vivo studies, female rats received BPA before and during pregnancy and lactation via drinking water, and offspring were studied for measures of adiposity signals. For in vitro BPA exposure, primary pre-adipocyte cell cultures from healthy newborns were utilized. We studied pre-adipocyte proliferative and differentiation effects of BPA and explored putative signal factors which partly explain adipose responses and underlying epigenetic mechanisms mediated by BPA. Maternal BPA-induced offspring adiposity, hypertrophic adipocytes and increased adipose tissue protein expression of pro-adipogenic and lipogenic factors. Consistent with in vivo data, in vitro BPA exposure induced a dose-dependent increase in pre-adipocyte proliferation and increased adipocyte lipid content. In vivo and in vitro BPA exposure promotes the proliferation and differentiation of adipocytes, contributing to an enhanced capacity for lipid storage. These findings reinforce the marked effects of BPA on adipogenesis and highlight the susceptibility of stem-cell populations during early life with long-term consequence on metabolic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Desai
- Perinatal Research Laboratory, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Torrance, CA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Monica G. Ferrini
- Department of Health and Life Sciences Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Juanita K. Jellyman
- Perinatal Research Laboratory, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Torrance, CA
| | - Guang Han
- Perinatal Research Laboratory, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Torrance, CA
| | - Michael G. Ross
- Perinatal Research Laboratory, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Torrance, CA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Charles R. Drew University, Los Angeles, CA
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50
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Jamieson SA, Ruan Z, Burgess AE, Curry JR, McMillan HD, Brewster JL, Dunbier AK, Axtman AD, Kannan N, Mace PD. Substrate binding allosterically relieves autoinhibition of the pseudokinase TRIB1. Sci Signal 2018; 11:11/549/eaau0597. [PMID: 30254053 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aau0597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The Tribbles family of pseudokinases recruits substrates to the ubiquitin ligase COP1 to facilitate ubiquitylation. CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) family transcription factors are crucial Tribbles substrates in adipocyte and myeloid cell development. We found that the TRIB1 pseudokinase was able to recruit various C/EBP family members and that the binding of C/EBPβ was attenuated by phosphorylation. To explain the mechanism of C/EBP recruitment, we solved the crystal structure of TRIB1 in complex with C/EBPα, which revealed that TRIB1 underwent a substantial conformational change relative to its substrate-free structure and bound C/EBPα in a pseudosubstrate-like manner. Crystallographic analysis and molecular dynamics and subsequent biochemical assays showed that C/EBP binding triggered allosteric changes that link substrate recruitment to COP1 binding. These findings offer a view of pseudokinase regulation with striking parallels to bona fide kinase regulation-by means of the activation loop and αC helix-and raise the possibility of small molecules targeting either the activation "loop-in" or "loop-out" conformations of Tribbles pseudokinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam A Jamieson
- Biochemistry Department, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, 710 Cumberland Street, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Zheng Ruan
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Abigail E Burgess
- Biochemistry Department, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, 710 Cumberland Street, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Jack R Curry
- Biochemistry Department, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, 710 Cumberland Street, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Hamish D McMillan
- Biochemistry Department, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, 710 Cumberland Street, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Jodi L Brewster
- Biochemistry Department, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, 710 Cumberland Street, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Anita K Dunbier
- Biochemistry Department, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, 710 Cumberland Street, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Alison D Axtman
- Structural Genomics Consortium, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.,Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Natarajan Kannan
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Peter D Mace
- Biochemistry Department, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, 710 Cumberland Street, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.
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