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Toren E, Kepple JD, Coutinho KV, Poole SO, Deeba IM, Pierre TH, Liu Y, Bethea MM, Hunter CS. The SSBP3 co-regulator is required for glucose homeostasis, pancreatic islet architecture, and beta-cell identity. Mol Metab 2023; 76:101785. [PMID: 37536498 PMCID: PMC10448474 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Transcriptional complex activity drives the development and function of pancreatic islet cells to allow for proper glucose regulation. Prior studies from our lab and others highlighted that the LIM-homeodomain transcription factor (TF), Islet-1 (Isl1), and its interacting co-regulator, Ldb1, are vital effectors of developing and adult β-cells. We further found that a member of the Single Stranded DNA-Binding Protein (SSBP) co-regulator family, SSBP3, interacts with Isl1 and Ldb1 in β-cells and primary islets (mouse and human) to impact β-cell target genes MafA and Glp1R in vitro. Members of the SSBP family stabilize TF complexes by binding directly to Ldb1 and protecting the complex from ubiquitin-mediated turnover. In this study, we hypothesized that SSBP3 has critical roles in pancreatic islet cell function in vivo, similar to the Isl1::Ldb1 complex. METHODS We first developed a novel SSBP3 LoxP allele mouse line, where Cre-mediated recombination imparts a predicted early protein termination. We bred this mouse with constitutive Cre lines (Pdx1- and Pax6-driven) to recombine SSBP3 in the developing pancreas and islet (SSBP3ΔPanc and SSBP3ΔIslet), respectively. We assessed glucose tolerance and used immunofluorescence to detect changes in islet cell abundance and markers of β-cell identity and function. Using an inducible Cre system, we also deleted SSBP3 in the adult β-cell, a model termed SSBP3Δβ-cell. We measured glucose tolerance as well as glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS), both in vivo and in isolated islets in vitro. Using islets from control and SSBP3Δβ-cell we conducted RNA-Seq and compared our results to published datasets for similar β-cell specific Ldb1 and Isl1 knockouts to identify commonly regulated target genes. RESULTS SSBP3ΔPanc and SSBP3ΔIslet neonates present with hyperglycemia. SSBP3ΔIslet mice are glucose intolerant by P21 and exhibit a reduction of β-cell maturity markers MafA, Pdx1, and UCN3. We observe disruptions in islet cell architecture with an increase in glucagon+ α-cells and ghrelin+ ε-cells at P10. Inducible loss of β-cell SSBP3 in SSBP3Δβ-cell causes hyperglycemia, glucose intolerance, and reduced GSIS. Transcriptomic analysis of 14-week-old SSBP3Δβ-cell islets revealed a decrease in β-cell function gene expression (Ins, MafA, Ucn3), increased stress and dedifferentiation markers (Neurogenin-3, Aldh1a3, Gastrin), and shared differentially expressed genes between SSBP3, Ldb1, and Isl1 in adult β-cells. CONCLUSIONS SSBP3 drives proper islet identity and function, where its loss causes altered islet-cell abundance and glucose homeostasis. β-Cell SSBP3 is required for GSIS and glucose homeostasis, at least partially through shared regulation of Ldb1 and Isl1 target genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliana Toren
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Jessica D Kepple
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Kristen V Coutinho
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Samuel O Poole
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Iztiba M Deeba
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Tanya H Pierre
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Yanping Liu
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Maigen M Bethea
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Chad S Hunter
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
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Mawla AM, van der Meulen T, Huising MO. Chromatin accessibility differences between alpha, beta, and delta cells identifies common and cell type-specific enhancers. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:202. [PMID: 37069576 PMCID: PMC10108528 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09293-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High throughput sequencing has enabled the interrogation of the transcriptomic landscape of glucagon-secreting alpha cells, insulin-secreting beta cells, and somatostatin-secreting delta cells. These approaches have furthered our understanding of expression patterns that define healthy or diseased islet cell types and helped explicate some of the intricacies between major islet cell crosstalk and glucose regulation. All three endocrine cell types derive from a common pancreatic progenitor, yet alpha and beta cells have partially opposing functions, and delta cells modulate and control insulin and glucagon release. While gene expression signatures that define and maintain cellular identity have been widely explored, the underlying epigenetic components are incompletely characterized and understood. However, chromatin accessibility and remodeling is a dynamic attribute that plays a critical role to determine and maintain cellular identity. RESULTS Here, we compare and contrast the chromatin landscape between mouse alpha, beta, and delta cells using ATAC-Seq to evaluate the significant differences in chromatin accessibility. The similarities and differences in chromatin accessibility between these related islet endocrine cells help define their fate in support of their distinct functional roles. We identify patterns that suggest that both alpha and delta cells are poised, but repressed, from becoming beta-like. We also identify patterns in differentially enriched chromatin that have transcription factor motifs preferentially associated with different regions of the genome. Finally, we not only confirm and visualize previously discovered common endocrine- and cell specific- enhancer regions across differentially enriched chromatin, but identify novel regions as well. We compiled our chromatin accessibility data in a freely accessible database of common endocrine- and cell specific-enhancer regions that can be navigated with minimal bioinformatics expertise. CONCLUSIONS Both alpha and delta cells appear poised, but repressed, from becoming beta cells in murine pancreatic islets. These data broadly support earlier findings on the plasticity in identity of non-beta cells under certain circumstances. Furthermore, differential chromatin accessibility shows preferentially enriched distal-intergenic regions in beta cells, when compared to either alpha or delta cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex M Mawla
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology & Behavior, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Talitha van der Meulen
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology & Behavior, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Mark O Huising
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology & Behavior, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
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Wortham M, Liu F, Harrington AR, Fleischman JY, Wallace M, Mulas F, Mallick M, Vinckier NK, Cross BR, Chiou J, Patel NA, Sui Y, McGrail C, Jun Y, Wang G, Jhala US, Schüle R, Shirihai OS, Huising MO, Gaulton KJ, Metallo CM, Sander M. Nutrient regulation of the islet epigenome controls adaptive insulin secretion. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e165208. [PMID: 36821378 PMCID: PMC10104905 DOI: 10.1172/jci165208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Adaptation of the islet β cell insulin-secretory response to changing insulin demand is critical for blood glucose homeostasis, yet the mechanisms underlying this adaptation are unknown. Here, we have shown that nutrient-stimulated histone acetylation plays a key role in adapting insulin secretion through regulation of genes involved in β cell nutrient sensing and metabolism. Nutrient regulation of the epigenome occurred at sites occupied by the chromatin-modifying enzyme lysine-specific demethylase 1 (Lsd1) in islets. β Cell-specific deletion of Lsd1 led to insulin hypersecretion, aberrant expression of nutrient-response genes, and histone hyperacetylation. Islets from mice adapted to chronically increased insulin demand exhibited shared epigenetic and transcriptional changes. Moreover, we found that genetic variants associated with type 2 diabetes were enriched at LSD1-bound sites in human islets, suggesting that interpretation of nutrient signals is genetically determined and clinically relevant. Overall, these studies revealed that adaptive insulin secretion involves Lsd1-mediated coupling of nutrient state to regulation of the islet epigenome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Wortham
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Pediatric Diabetes Research Center and
| | - Fenfen Liu
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Pediatric Diabetes Research Center and
| | - Austin R. Harrington
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Pediatric Diabetes Research Center and
| | - Johanna Y. Fleischman
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Pediatric Diabetes Research Center and
| | - Martina Wallace
- Department of Bioengineering, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Francesca Mulas
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Pediatric Diabetes Research Center and
| | - Medhavi Mallick
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Pediatric Diabetes Research Center and
| | - Nicholas K. Vinckier
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Pediatric Diabetes Research Center and
| | - Benjamin R. Cross
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Pediatric Diabetes Research Center and
| | - Joshua Chiou
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Pediatric Diabetes Research Center and
| | - Nisha A. Patel
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Pediatric Diabetes Research Center and
| | - Yinghui Sui
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Pediatric Diabetes Research Center and
| | - Carolyn McGrail
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Pediatric Diabetes Research Center and
| | - Yesl Jun
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Pediatric Diabetes Research Center and
| | - Gaowei Wang
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Pediatric Diabetes Research Center and
| | - Ulupi S. Jhala
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Pediatric Diabetes Research Center and
| | - Roland Schüle
- Department of Urology, University of Freiburg Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Orian S. Shirihai
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Mark O. Huising
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, College of Biological Sciences, and Physiology and Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, UCD, Davis, California, USA
| | - Kyle J. Gaulton
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Pediatric Diabetes Research Center and
| | | | - Maike Sander
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Pediatric Diabetes Research Center and
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Abstract
Excess nutrients and proinflammatory cytokines impart stresses on pancreatic islet β-cells that, if unchecked, can lead to cellular dysfunction and/or death. Among these stress-induced effects is loss of key β-cell transcriptional regulator mRNA and protein levels required for β-cell function. Previously, our lab and others reported that LIM-domain complexes comprised the LDB1 transcriptional co-regulator and Islet-1 (ISL1) transcription factor are required for islet β-cell development, maturation, and function. The LDB1:ISL1 complex directly occupies and regulates key β-cell genes, including MafA, Pdx1, and Slc2a2, to maintain β-cell identity and function. Given the importance of LDB1:ISL1 complexes, we hypothesized that LDB1 and/or ISL1 levels, like other transcriptional regulators, are sensitive to β-cell nutrient and cytokine stresses, likely contributing to β-cell (dys)function under various stimuli. We tested this by treating β-cell lines or primary mouse islets with elevating glucose concentrations, palmitate, or a cytokine cocktail of IL-1β, TNFα, and IFNγ. We indeed observed that LDB1 mRNA and/or protein levels were reduced upon palmitate and cytokine (cocktail or singly) incubation. Conversely, acute high glucose treatment of β-cells did not impair LDB1 or ISL1 levels, but increased LDB1:ISL1 interactions. These observations suggest that LDB1:ISL1 complex formation is sensitive to β-cell stresses and that targeting and/or stabilizing this complex may rescue lost β-cell gene expression to preserve cellular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Liu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jessica D. Kepple
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Anath Shalev
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Chad S. Hunter
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- CONTACT Chad S. Hunter University of Alabama at Birmingham Comprehensive Diabetes Center 1825 University Blvd SHELBY 1211 Birmingham, AL 35294
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Yong HJ, Toledo MP, Nowakowski RS, Wang YJ. Sex Differences in the Molecular Programs of Pancreatic Cells Contribute to the Differential Risks of Type 2 Diabetes. Endocrinology 2022; 163:bqac156. [PMID: 36130190 PMCID: PMC10409906 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqac156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiology studies demonstrate that women are at a significantly lower risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D) compared to men. However, the molecular basis of this risk difference is not well understood. In this study, we examined the sex differences in the genetic programs of pancreatic endocrine cells. We combined pancreas perifusion data and single-cell genomic data from our laboratory and from publicly available data sets to investigate multiple axes of the sex differences in the human pancreas at the single-cell type and single-cell level. We systematically compared female and male islet secretion function, gene expression program, and regulatory principles of pancreatic endocrine cells. The perifusion data indicate that female endocrine cells have a higher secretion capacity than male endocrine cells. Single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis suggests that endocrine cells in male controls have molecular signatures that resemble T2D. In addition, we identified genomic elements associated with genome-wide association study T2D loci to have differential accessibility between female and male delta cells. These genomic elements may play a sex-specific causal role in the pathogenesis of T2D. We provide molecular mechanisms that explain the differential risk of T2D between women and men. Knowledge gained from our study will accelerate the development of diagnostics and therapeutics in sex-aware precision medicine for diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Jeong Yong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA
| | - Maria Pilar Toledo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA
| | - Richard S Nowakowski
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA
| | - Yue J Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA
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Liu G, Wang L, Wess J, Dean A. Enhancer looping protein LDB1 regulates hepatocyte gene expression by cooperating with liver transcription factors. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:9195-9211. [PMID: 36018801 PMCID: PMC9458430 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhancers establish proximity with distant target genes to regulate temporospatial gene expression and specify cell identity. Lim domain binding protein 1 (LDB1) is a conserved and widely expressed protein that functions as an enhancer looping factor. Previous studies in erythroid cells and neuronal cells showed that LDB1 forms protein complexes with different transcription factors to regulate cell-specific gene expression. Here, we show that LDB1 regulates expression of liver genes by occupying enhancer elements and cooperating with hepatic transcription factors HNF4A, FOXA1, TCF7 and GATA4. Using the glucose transporter SLC2A2 gene, encoding GLUT2, as an example, we find that LDB1 regulates gene expression by mediating enhancer-promoter interactions. In vivo, we find that LDB1 deficiency in primary mouse hepatocytes dysregulates metabolic gene expression and changes the enhancer landscape. Conditional deletion of LDB1 in adult mouse liver induces glucose intolerance. However, Ldb1 knockout hepatocytes show improved liver pathology under high-fat diet conditions associated with increased expression of genes related to liver fatty acid metabolic processes. Thus, LDB1 is linked to liver metabolic functions under normal and obesogenic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyou Liu
- Correspondence may also be addressed to Guoyou Liu. Tel: +1 301 435 9396;
| | - Lei Wang
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jürgen Wess
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ann Dean
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +1 301 496 6068;
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Toren E, Liu Y, Bethea M, Wade A, Hunter CS. The Ldb1 transcriptional co-regulator is required for establishment and maintenance of the pancreatic endocrine lineage. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22460. [PMID: 35881062 PMCID: PMC9397370 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200410r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic islet cell development is regulated by transcription factors (TFs) that mediate embryonic progenitor differentiation toward mature endocrine cells. Prior studies from our lab and others showed that the islet-enriched TF, Islet-1 (Isl1), interacts with the broadly-expressed transcriptional co-regulator, Ldb1, to regulate islet cell maturation and postnhyperatal function (by embryonic day (E)18.5). However, Ldb1 is expressed in the developing pancreas prior to Isl1 expression, notably in multipotent progenitor cells (MPCs) marked by Pdx1 and endocrine progenitors (EPs) expressing Neurogenin-3 (Ngn3). MPCs give rise to the endocrine and exocrine pancreas, while Ngn3+ EPs specify pancreatic islet endocrine cells. We hypothesized that Ldb1 is required for progenitor identity in MPC and EP populations during development to impact islet appearance and function. To test this, we generated a whole-pancreas Ldb1 knockout, termed Ldb1ΔPanc , and observed severe developmental and postnatal pancreas defects including disorganized progenitor pools, a significant reduction of Ngn3-expressing EPs, Pdx1HI β-cells, and early hormone+ cells. Ldb1ΔPanc neonates presented with severe hyperglycemia, hypoinsulinemia, and drastically reduced hormone expression in islets, yet no change in total pancreas mass. This supports the endocrine-specific actions of Ldb1. Considering this, we also developed an endocrine-enriched model of Ldb1 loss, termed Ldb1ΔEndo . We observed similar dysglycemia in this model, as well as a loss of islet identity markers. Through in vitro and in vivo chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments, we found that Ldb1 occupies key Pdx1 and Ngn3 promoter domains. Our findings provide insight into novel regulation of endocrine cell differentiation that may be vital toward improving cell-based diabetes therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliana Toren
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Yanping Liu
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Maigen Bethea
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Alexa Wade
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Chad S Hunter
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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Yang X, Raum JC, Kim J, Yu R, Yang J, Rice G, Li C, Won KJ, Stanescu DE, Stoffers DA. A PDX1 cistrome and single-cell transcriptome resource of the developing pancreas. Development 2022; 149:dev200432. [PMID: 35708349 PMCID: PMC9340549 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 (PDX1) is crucial for pancreas organogenesis, yet the dynamic changes in PDX1 binding in human or mouse developing pancreas have not been examined. To address this knowledge gap, we performed PDX1 ChIP-seq and single-cell RNA-seq using fetal human pancreata. We integrated our datasets with published datasets and revealed the dynamics of PDX1 binding and potential cell lineage-specific PDX1-bound genes in the pancreas from fetal to adult stages. We identified a core set of developmentally conserved PDX1-bound genes that reveal the broad multifaceted role of PDX1 in pancreas development. Despite the well-known dramatic changes in PDX1 function and expression, we found that PDX1-bound genes are largely conserved from embryonic to adult stages. This points towards a dual role of PDX1 in regulating the expression of its targets at different ages, dependent on other functionally congruent or directly interacting partners. We also showed that PDX1 binding is largely conserved in mouse pancreas. Together, our study reveals PDX1 targets in the developing pancreas in vivo and provides an essential resource for future studies on pancreas development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodun Yang
- Institute of Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jeffrey C. Raum
- Institute of Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Junil Kim
- School of Systems Biomedical Science, Soongsil University, 369 Sangdo-Ro, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul 06978, Republic of Korea
| | - Reynold Yu
- Institute of Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Juxiang Yang
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Gabriella Rice
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Changhong Li
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kyoung-Jae Won
- Biotech Research & Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Diana E. Stanescu
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Doris A. Stoffers
- Institute of Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Farid MMM, Abdel-Mageed AI, El-sherbini A, Mohamed NR, Mohsen M. Study of the association between GLIS3 rs10758593 and type 2 diabetes mellitus in Egyptian population. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s43042-022-00254-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
GLIS3 (Gli-similar 3), a transcription factor, is involved in the maturation of pancreatic beta cells in fetal life, maintenance of cell mass as well as the control of insulin gene expression in adults. As a result, GLIS3 was reported as a susceptibility gene for type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, and neonatal diabetes. Therefore, the goal of this study was to look into the association between the rs10758593 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the GLIS3 gene and T2DM in the Egyptian population.
Methods
Frequencies of the rs10758593 (A/G) SNPs were determined in 100 T2DM patients (cases) and in 100 non-diabetic healthy subjects (controls) using real-time PCR.
Results
The prevalence of the mutant genotypes, AA and AG, differed significantly between patients and controls. The AA genotype was more prevalent in the patients' group. The (AA) was found in 39% of the patients and 18% of the controls. While AG (heterozygous) genotype was found in 61% of the patients and 81% of the controls (p = 0.003). The AA genotype was significantly associated with T2DM. Moreover, The GLIS3 rs 10758593 mutation was found to be associated with the presence of diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy. In diabetic patients, a significant correlation between HbA1c with fasting glucose, fasting insulin, and HOMA-IR was found.
Conclusion
The rs10758593 polymorphism of the GLIS3 gene was found to be significantly associated with T2DM in an Egyptian population sample. Additionally, significant association between GLIS3 rs 10758593 mutation and the glycemic control was found.
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Transcriptional control of pancreatic β-cell identity and plasticity during the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. J Genet Genomics 2022; 49:316-328. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2022.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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11
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Scoville DW, Jetten AM. GLIS3: A Critical Transcription Factor in Islet β-Cell Generation. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123471. [PMID: 34943978 PMCID: PMC8700524 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding of pancreatic islet biology has greatly increased over the past few decades based in part on an increased understanding of the transcription factors that guide this process. One such transcription factor that has been increasingly tied to both β-cell development and the development of diabetes in humans is GLIS3. Genetic deletion of GLIS3 in mice and humans induces neonatal diabetes, while single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in GLIS3 have been associated with both Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes. As a significant progress has been made in understanding some of GLIS3’s roles in pancreas development and diabetes, we sought to compare current knowledge on GLIS3 within the pancreas to that of other islet enriched transcription factors. While GLIS3 appears to regulate similar genes and pathways to other transcription factors, its unique roles in β-cell development and maturation make it a key target for future studies and therapy.
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Nimkulrat SD, Bernstein MN, Ni Z, Brown J, Kendziorski C, Blum B. The Anna Karenina Model of β-Cell Maturation in Development and Their Dedifferentiation in Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes 2021; 70:2058-2066. [PMID: 34417264 PMCID: PMC8576426 DOI: 10.2337/db21-0211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Loss of mature β-cell function and identity, or β-cell dedifferentiation, is seen in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Two competing models explain β-cell dedifferentiation in diabetes. In the first model, β-cells dedifferentiate in the reverse order of their developmental ontogeny. This model predicts that dedifferentiated β-cells resemble β-cell progenitors. In the second model, β-cell dedifferentiation depends on the type of diabetogenic stress. This model, which we call the "Anna Karenina" model, predicts that in each type of diabetes, β-cells dedifferentiate in their own way, depending on how their mature identity is disrupted by any particular diabetogenic stress. We directly tested the two models using a β-cell-specific lineage-tracing system coupled with RNA sequencing in mice. We constructed a multidimensional map of β-cell transcriptional trajectories during the normal course of β-cell postnatal development and during their dedifferentiation in models of both type 1 diabetes (NOD) and type 2 diabetes (BTBR-Lepob/ob ). Using this unbiased approach, we show here that despite some similarities between immature and dedifferentiated β-cells, β-cell dedifferentiation in the two mouse models is not a reversal of developmental ontogeny and is different between different types of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sutichot D Nimkulrat
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
| | | | - Zijian Ni
- Department of Statistics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Jared Brown
- Department of Statistics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Christina Kendziorski
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Barak Blum
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
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13
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Zhang L, Sheng C, Zhou F, Zhu K, Wang S, Liu Q, Yuan M, Xu Z, Liu Y, Lu J, Liu J, Zhou L, Wang X. CBP/p300 HAT maintains the gene network critical for β cell identity and functional maturity. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:476. [PMID: 33980820 PMCID: PMC8116341 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03761-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Loss of β cell identity and functional immaturity are thought to be involved in β cell failure in type 2 diabetes. CREB-binding protein (CBP) and its paralogue p300 act as multifunctional transcriptional co-activators and histone acetyltransferases (HAT) with extensive biological functions. However, whether the regulatory role of CBP/p300 in islet β cell function depends on the HAT activity remains uncertain. In this current study, A-485, a selective inhibitor of CBP/p300 HAT activity, greatly impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion from rat islets in vitro and in vivo. RNA-sequencing analysis showed a comprehensive downregulation of β cell and α cell identity genes in A-485-treated islets, without upregulation of dedifferentiation markers and derepression of disallowed genes. A-485 treatment decreased the expressions of genes involved in glucose sensing, not in glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation. In the islets of prediabetic db/db mice, CBP/p300 displayed a significant decrease with key genes for β cell function. The deacetylation of histone H3K27 as well as the transcription factors Hnf1α and Foxo1 was involved in CBP/p300 HAT inactivation-repressed expressions of β cell identity and functional genes. These findings highlight the dominant role of CBP/p300 HAT in the maintenance of β cell identity by governing transcription network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Zhang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunxiang Sheng
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Feiye Zhou
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kecheng Zhu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shushu Wang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qianqian Liu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Miaomiao Yuan
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaoqian Xu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Liu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jieli Lu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianmin Liu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. .,Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Libin Zhou
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. .,Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. .,Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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14
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de Jesus DS, Mak TCS, Wang YF, von Ohlen Y, Bai Y, Kane E, Chabosseau P, Chahrour CM, Distaso W, Salem V, Tomas A, Stoffel M, Rutter GA, Latreille M. Dysregulation of the Pdx1/Ovol2/Zeb2 axis in dedifferentiated β-cells triggers the induction of genes associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition in diabetes. Mol Metab 2021; 53:101248. [PMID: 33989778 PMCID: PMC8184664 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE β-cell dedifferentiation has been revealed as a pathological mechanism underlying pancreatic dysfunction in diabetes. We previously showed that increased miR-7 levels trigger β-cell dedifferentiation and diabetes. We used β-cell-specific miR-7 overexpressing mice (Tg7) to test the hypothesis that loss of β-cell identity triggered by miR-7 overexpression alters islet gene expression and islet microenvironment in diabetes. METHODS We performed bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) in islets obtained from β-cell-specific miR-7 overexpressing mice (Tg7). We carried out loss- and gain-of-function experiments in MIN6 and EndoC-bH1 cell lines. We analysed previously published mouse and human T2D data sets. RESULTS Bulk RNA-seq revealed that β-cell dedifferentiation is associated with the induction of genes associated with epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in prediabetic (2-week-old) and diabetic (12-week-old) Tg7 mice. Single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) indicated that this EMT signature is enriched specifically in β-cells. These molecular changes are associated with a weakening of β-cell: β-cell contacts, increased extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition, and TGFβ-dependent islet fibrosis. We found that the mesenchymal reprogramming of β-cells is explained in part by the downregulation of Pdx1 and its inability to regulate a myriad of epithelial-specific genes expressed in β-cells. Notable among genes transactivated by Pdx1 is Ovol2, which encodes a transcriptional repressor of the EMT transcription factor Zeb2. Following compromised β-cell identity, the reduction in Pdx1 gene expression causes a decrease in Ovol2 protein, triggering mesenchymal reprogramming of β-cells through the induction of Zeb2. We provided evidence that EMT signalling associated with the upregulation of Zeb2 expression is a molecular feature of islets in T2D subjects. CONCLUSIONS Our study indicates that miR-7-mediated β-cell dedifferentiation induces EMT signalling and a chronic response to tissue injury, which alters the islet microenvironment and predisposes to fibrosis. This research suggests that regulators of EMT signalling may represent novel therapeutic targets for treating β-cell dysfunction and fibrosis in T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel S de Jesus
- Cellular Identity and Metabolism Group, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK; Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Tracy C S Mak
- Cellular Identity and Metabolism Group, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK; Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Yi-Fang Wang
- Computing and Bioinformatics Facility, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Yorrick von Ohlen
- Cellular Identity and Metabolism Group, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK; Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Ying Bai
- Cellular Identity and Metabolism Group, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK; Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Eva Kane
- Cellular Identity and Metabolism Group, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK; Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | | | - Catherine M Chahrour
- Computing and Bioinformatics Facility, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | | | - Victoria Salem
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Alejandra Tomas
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Markus Stoffel
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, Otto-Stern Weg 7, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Guy A Rutter
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK; Lee Kong China School of Medicine, Nan Yang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Mathieu Latreille
- Cellular Identity and Metabolism Group, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK; Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK.
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15
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Ohnishi T, Kiyama Y, Arima‐Yoshida F, Kadota M, Ichikawa T, Yamada K, Watanabe A, Ohba H, Tanaka K, Nakaya A, Horiuchi Y, Iwayama Y, Toyoshima M, Ogawa I, Shimamoto‐Mitsuyama C, Maekawa M, Balan S, Arai M, Miyashita M, Toriumi K, Nozaki Y, Kurokawa R, Suzuki K, Yoshikawa A, Toyota T, Hosoya T, Okuno H, Bito H, Itokawa M, Kuraku S, Manabe T, Yoshikawa T. Cooperation of LIM domain-binding 2 (LDB2) with EGR in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. EMBO Mol Med 2021; 13:e12574. [PMID: 33656268 PMCID: PMC8033514 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202012574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Genomic defects with large effect size can help elucidate unknown pathologic architecture of mental disorders. We previously reported on a patient with schizophrenia and a balanced translocation between chromosomes 4 and 13 and found that the breakpoint within chromosome 4 is located near the LDB2 gene. We show here that Ldb2 knockout (KO) mice displayed multiple deficits relevant to mental disorders. In particular, Ldb2 KO mice exhibited deficits in the fear-conditioning paradigm. Analysis of the amygdala suggested that dysregulation of synaptic activities controlled by the immediate early gene Arc is involved in the phenotypes. We show that LDB2 forms protein complexes with known transcription factors. Consistently, ChIP-seq analyses indicated that LDB2 binds to > 10,000 genomic sites in human neurospheres. We found that many of those sites, including the promoter region of ARC, are occupied by EGR transcription factors. Our previous study showed an association of the EGR family genes with schizophrenia. Collectively, the findings suggest that dysregulation in the gene expression controlled by the LDB2-EGR axis underlies a pathogenesis of subset of mental disorders.
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16
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Wang Y, Wang JW, Li Y, Tian XH, Feng XS, Zhang SC, Liu PJ, Xue WJ, Zheng J, Ding XM. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells improve rat islet graft revascularization by upregulating ISL1. STEM CELLS (DAYTON, OHIO) 2021; 39:1033-1048. [PMID: 33754392 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Revascularization of the islet transplant is a crucial step that defines the success rate of patient recovery. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) have been reported to promote revascularization; however, the underlying cellular mechanism remains unclear. Moreover, our liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry results showed that BMSCs could promote the expression of insulin gene enhancer binding protein-1 (ISL1) in islets. ISL1 is involved in islets proliferation and plays a potential regulatory role in the revascularization of islets. This study identifies the ISL1 protein as a potential modulator in BMSCs-mediated revascularization of islet grafts. We demonstrated that the survival rate and insulin secretion of islets were increased in the presence of BMSCs, indicating that BMSCs promote islet revascularization in a coculture system and rat diabetes model. Interestingly, we also observed that the presence of BMSCs led to an increase in ISL1 and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) expression in both islets and the INS-1 rat insulinoma cell line. In silico protein structure modeling indicated that ISL1 is a transcription factor that has four binding sites with VEGFA mRNA. Further results showed that overexpression of ISL1 increased both the abundance of VEGFA transcripts and protein accumulation, while inhibition of ISL1 decreased the abundance of VEGFA. Using a ChIP-qPCR assay, we demonstrated that direct molecular interactions between ISL1 and VEGFA occur in INS-1 cells. Together, these findings reveal that BMSCs promote the expression of ISL1 in islets and lead to an increase in VEGFA in islet grafts. Hence, ISL1 is a potential target to induce early revascularization in islet transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Department of Renal Transplantation, Hospital of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Wen Wang
- Department of Renal Transplantation, Hospital of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Renal Transplantation, Hospital of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Hui Tian
- Department of Renal Transplantation, Hospital of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Shun Feng
- Department of Renal Transplantation, Hospital of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-Cong Zhang
- Department of Renal Transplantation, Hospital of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei-Jun Liu
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wu-Jun Xue
- Department of Renal Transplantation, Hospital of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Zheng
- Department of Renal Transplantation, Hospital of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Ming Ding
- Department of Renal Transplantation, Hospital of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
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17
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Sun ZY, Yu TY, Jiang FX, Wang W. Functional maturation of immature β cells: A roadblock for stem cell therapy for type 1 diabetes. World J Stem Cells 2021; 13:193-207. [PMID: 33815669 PMCID: PMC8006013 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v13.i3.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a chronic autoimmune disease caused by the specific destruction of pancreatic islet β cells and is characterized as the absolute insufficiency of insulin secretion. Current insulin replacement therapy supplies insulin in a non-physiological way and is associated with devastating complications. Experimental islet transplantation therapy has been proven to restore glucose homeostasis in people with severe T1DM. However, it is restricted by many factors such as severe shortage of donor sources, progressive loss of donor cells, high cost, etc. As pluripotent stem cells have the potential to give rise to all cells including islet β cells in the body, stem cell therapy for diabetes has attracted great attention in the academic community and the general public. Transplantation of islet β-like cells differentiated from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) has the potential to be an excellent alternative to islet transplantation. In stem cell therapy, obtaining β cells with complete insulin secretion in vitro is crucial. However, after much research, it has been found that the β-like cells obtained by in vitro differentiation still have many defects, including lack of adult-type glucose stimulated insulin secretion, and multi-hormonal secretion, suggesting that in vitro culture does not allows for obtaining fully mature β-like cells for transplantation. A large number of studies have found that many transcription factors play important roles in the process of transforming immature to mature human islet β cells. Furthermore, PDX1, NKX6.1, SOX9, NGN3, PAX4, etc., are important in inducing hPSC differentiation in vitro. The absent or deficient expression of any of these key factors may lead to the islet development defect in vivo and the failure of stem cells to differentiate into genuine functional β-like cells in vitro. This article reviews β cell maturation in vivo and in vitro and the vital roles of key molecules in this process, in order to explore the current problems in stem cell therapy for diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Yi Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361100, Fujian Province, China
| | - Ting-Yan Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361100, Fujian Province, China
| | - Fang-Xu Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361100, Fujian Province, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361100, Fujian Province, China.
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18
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Davidson RK, Kanojia S, Spaeth JM. The Contribution of Transcriptional Coregulators in the Maintenance of β-cell Function and Identity. Endocrinology 2021; 162:5992209. [PMID: 33211800 PMCID: PMC7749714 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqaa213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Islet β-cell dysfunction that leads to impaired insulin secretion is a principal source of pathology of diabetes. In type 2 diabetes, this breakdown in β-cell health is associated with compromised islet-enriched transcription factor (TF) activity that disrupts gene expression programs essential for cell function and identity. TF activity is modulated by recruited coregulators that govern activation and/or repression of target gene expression, thereby providing a supporting layer of control. To date, more than 350 coregulators have been discovered that coordinate nucleosome rearrangements, modify histones, and physically bridge general transcriptional machinery to recruited TFs; however, relatively few have been attributed to β-cell function. Here, we will describe recent findings on those coregulators with direct roles in maintaining islet β-cell health and identity and discuss how disruption of coregulator activity is associated with diabetes pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca K Davidson
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Center for Diabetes & Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Sukrati Kanojia
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Center for Diabetes & Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jason M Spaeth
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Center for Diabetes & Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Correspondence: Jason M. Spaeth, PhD, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, MS 2047, 635 Barnhill Drive, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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19
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Huang R, Bai X, Li X, Wang X, Zhao L. Retinol-Binding Protein 4 Activates STRA6, Provoking Pancreatic β-Cell Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes 2021; 70:449-463. [PMID: 33199363 DOI: 10.2337/db19-1241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic β-cell dysfunction plays a decisive role in the progression of type 2 diabetes. Retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) is a prominent adipokine in type 2 diabetes, although its effect on β-cell function remains elusive, and the underlying mechanisms are unknown. Here, we found that elevated circulating RBP4 levels were inversely correlated with pancreatic β-cell function in db/db mice across different glycemic stages. RBP4 directly suppressed glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) in primary isolated islets and INS-1E cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. RBP4 transgenic (RBP4-Tg) overexpressing mice showed a dynamic decrease of GSIS, which appeared as early as 8 weeks old, preceding the impairment of insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance. Islets isolated from RBP4-Tg mice showed a significant decrease of GSIS. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that the stimulated by retinoic acid 6 (STRA6), RBP4's only known specific membrane receptor, is expressed in β-cells and mediates the inhibitory effect of RBP4 on insulin synthesis through the Janus kinase 2/STAT1/ISL-1 pathway. Moreover, decreasing circulating RBP4 level could effectively restore β-cell dysfunction and ameliorate hyperglycemia in db/db mice. These observations revealed a role of RBP4 in pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, which provides new insight into the diabetogenic effect of RBP4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition, and Health and Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinxiu Bai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition, and Health and Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueyan Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition, and Health and Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition, and Health and Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lina Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition, and Health and Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
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20
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Dumasia NP, Pethe PS. Pancreas development and the Polycomb group protein complexes. Mech Dev 2020; 164:103647. [PMID: 32991980 DOI: 10.1016/j.mod.2020.103647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The dual nature of pancreatic tissue permits both endocrine and exocrine functions. Enzymatic secretions by the exocrine pancreas help digestive processes while the pancreatic hormones regulate glucose homeostasis and energy metabolism. Pancreas organogenesis is defined by a conserved array of signaling pathways that act on common gut progenitors to bring about the generation of diverse cell types. Multiple cellular processes characterize development of the mature organ. These processes are mediated by signaling pathways that regulate lineage-specific transcription factors and chromatin modifications guiding long-term gene expression programs. The chromatin landscape is altered chiefly by DNA or histone modifications, chromatin remodelers, and non-coding RNAs. Amongst histone modifiers, several studies have identified Polycomb group (PcG) proteins as crucial determinants mediating transcriptional repression of genes involved in developmental processes. Although PcG-mediated chromatin modifications define cellular transitions and influence cell identity of multipotent progenitors, much remains to be understood regarding coordination between extracellular signals and their impact on Polycomb functions during the pancreas lineage progression. In this review, we discuss interactions between sequence-specific DNA binding proteins and chromatin regulators underlying pancreas development and insulin producing β-cells, with particular focus on Polycomb group proteins. Understanding such basic molecular mechanisms would improve current strategies for stem cell-based differentiation while also help elucidate the pathogenesis of several pancreas-related maladies, including diabetes and pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloufer P Dumasia
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sunandan Divatia School of Science, SVKM's NMIMS (deemed to-be) University, Mumbai 400 056, India
| | - Prasad S Pethe
- Symbiosis Centre for Stem Cell Research (SCSCR), Symbiosis International University, Lavale, Pune 412 115, India.
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21
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Scoville DW, Kang HS, Jetten AM. Transcription factor GLIS3: Critical roles in thyroid hormone biosynthesis, hypothyroidism, pancreatic beta cells and diabetes. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 215:107632. [PMID: 32693112 PMCID: PMC7606550 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
GLI-Similar 3 (GLIS3) is a member of the GLIS subfamily of Krüppel-like zinc finger transcription factors that functions as an activator or repressor of gene expression. Study of GLIS3-deficiency in mice and humans revealed that GLIS3 plays a critical role in the regulation of several biological processes and is implicated in the development of various diseases, including hypothyroidism and diabetes. This was supported by genome-wide association studies that identified significant associations of common variants in GLIS3 with increased risk of these pathologies. To obtain insights into the causal mechanisms underlying these diseases, it is imperative to understand the mechanisms by which this protein regulates the development of these pathologies. Recent studies of genes regulated by GLIS3 led to the identification of a number of target genes and have provided important molecular insights by which GLIS3 controls cellular processes. These studies revealed that GLIS3 is essential for thyroid hormone biosynthesis and identified a critical function for GLIS3 in the generation of pancreatic β cells and insulin gene transcription. These observations raised the possibility that the GLIS3 signaling pathway might provide a potential therapeutic target in the management of diabetes, hypothyroidism, and other diseases. To develop such strategies, it will be critical to understand the upstream signaling pathways that regulate the activity, expression and function of GLIS3. Here, we review the recent progress on the molecular mechanisms by which GLIS3 controls key functions in thyroid follicular and pancreatic β cells and how this causally relates to the development of hypothyroidism and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W Scoville
- Cell Biology Group, Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Hong Soon Kang
- Cell Biology Group, Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Anton M Jetten
- Cell Biology Group, Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
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22
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Zhang J, Liu F. The De-, Re-, and trans-differentiation of β-cells: Regulation and function. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 103:68-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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23
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Hudish LI, Reusch JE, Sussel L. β Cell dysfunction during progression of metabolic syndrome to type 2 diabetes. J Clin Invest 2020; 129:4001-4008. [PMID: 31424428 DOI: 10.1172/jci129188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In a society where physical activity is limited and food supply is abundant, metabolic diseases are becoming a serious epidemic. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) represents a cluster of metabolically related symptoms such as obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and carbohydrate intolerance, and significantly increases type 2 diabetes mellitus risk. Insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia are consistent characteristics of MetS, but which of these features is the initiating insult is still widely debated. Regardless, both of these conditions trigger adverse responses from the pancreatic β cell, which is responsible for producing, storing, and releasing insulin to maintain glucose homeostasis. The observation that the degree of β cell dysfunction correlates with the severity of MetS highlights the need to better understand β cell dysfunction in the development of MetS. This Review focuses on the current understanding from rodent and human studies of the progression of β cell responses during the development of MetS, as well as recent findings addressing the complexity of β cell identity and heterogeneity within the islet during disease progression. The differential responses observed in β cells together with the heterogeneity in disease phenotypes within the patient population emphasize the need to better understand the mechanisms behind β cell adaptation, identity, and dysfunction in MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jane Eb Reusch
- Division of Endocrinology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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24
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Scharfmann R, Staels W, Albagli O. The supply chain of human pancreatic β cell lines. J Clin Invest 2020; 129:3511-3520. [PMID: 31478912 DOI: 10.1172/jci129484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes have an insufficiency in their functional β cell mass. To advance diabetes treatment and to work toward a cure, a better understanding of how to protect the pancreatic β cells against autoimmune or metabolic assaults (e.g., obesity, gestation) will be required. Over the past decades, β cell protection has been extensively investigated in rodents both in vivo and in vitro using isolated islets or rodent β cell lines. Transferring these rodent data to humans has long been challenging, at least partly for technical reasons: primary human islet preparations were scarce and functional human β cell lines were lacking. In 2011, we described a robust protocol of targeted oncogenesis in human fetal pancreas and produced the first functional human β cell line, and in subsequent years additional lines with specific traits. These cell lines are currently used by more than 150 academic and industrial laboratories worldwide. In this Review, we first explain how we developed the human β cell lines and why we think we succeeded where others, despite major efforts, did not. Next, we discuss the use of such functional human β cell lines and share some perspectives on their use to advance diabetes research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Scharfmann
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Willem Staels
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.,Beta Cell Neogenesis (BENE), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Olivier Albagli
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
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25
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Kim H, Yoon BH, Oh CM, Lee J, Lee K, Song H, Kim E, Yi K, Kim MY, Kim H, Kim YK, Seo EH, Heo H, Kim HJ, Lee J, Suh JM, Koo SH, Seong JK, Kim S, Ju YS, Shong M, Kim M, Kim H. PRMT1 Is Required for the Maintenance of Mature β-Cell Identity. Diabetes 2020; 69:355-368. [PMID: 31848151 DOI: 10.2337/db19-0685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Loss of functional β-cell mass is an essential feature of type 2 diabetes, and maintaining mature β-cell identity is important for preserving a functional β-cell mass. However, it is unclear how β-cells achieve and maintain their mature identity. Here we demonstrate a novel function of protein arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1) in maintaining mature β-cell identity. Prmt1 knockout in fetal and adult β-cells induced diabetes, which was aggravated by high-fat diet-induced metabolic stress. Deletion of Prmt1 in adult β-cells resulted in the immediate loss of histone H4 arginine 3 asymmetric dimethylation (H4R3me2a) and the subsequent loss of β-cell identity. The expression levels of genes involved in mature β-cell function and identity were robustly downregulated as soon as Prmt1 deletion was induced in adult β-cells. Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing and assay for transposase-accessible chromatin sequencing analyses revealed that PRMT1-dependent H4R3me2a increases chromatin accessibility at the binding sites for CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) and β-cell transcription factors. In addition, PRMT1-dependent open chromatin regions may show an association with the risk of diabetes in humans. Together, our results indicate that PRMT1 plays an essential role in maintaining β-cell identity by regulating chromatin accessibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunki Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung-Ha Yoon
- Personalized Genomic Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Myung Oh
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Joonyub Lee
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kanghoon Lee
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Heein Song
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunha Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kijong Yi
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Young Kim
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeongseok Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Kyung Kim
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Hye Seo
- Personalized Genomic Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Haejeong Heo
- Personalized Genomic Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Jin Kim
- Personalized Genomic Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Junguee Lee
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Myoung Suh
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hoi Koo
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Je Kyung Seong
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program for Bioinformatics, Program for Cancer Biology and BIO-MAX/N-Bio Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seyun Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Seok Ju
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Minho Shong
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Mirang Kim
- Personalized Genomic Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hail Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- KAIST Institute for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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26
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Zhou X, Nair GG, Russ HA, Belair CD, Li ML, Shveygert M, Hebrok M, Blelloch R. LIN28B Impairs the Transition of hESC-Derived β Cells from the Juvenile to Adult State. Stem Cell Reports 2019; 14:9-20. [PMID: 31883920 PMCID: PMC6962644 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2019.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Differentiation of human embryonic stem cells into pancreatic β cells holds great promise for the treatment of diabetes. Recent advances have led to the production of glucose-responsive insulin-secreting cells in vitro, but resulting cells remain less mature than their adult primary β cell counterparts. The barrier(s) to in vitro β cell maturation are unclear. Here, we evaluated a potential role for microRNAs. MicroRNA profiling showed high expression of let-7 family microRNAs in vivo, but not in in vitro differentiated β cells. Reduced levels of let-7 in vitro were associated with increased levels of the RNA binding protein LIN28B, a negative regulator of let-7 biogenesis. Ablation of LIN28B during human embryonic stem cell (hESC) differentiation toward β cells led to a more mature glucose-stimulated insulin secretion profile and the suppression of juvenile-specific genes. However, let-7 overexpression had little effect. These results uncover LIN28B as a modulator of β cell maturation in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhou
- The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Gopika G Nair
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Holger A Russ
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Cassandra D Belair
- The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Mei-Lan Li
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Mayya Shveygert
- The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Matthias Hebrok
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - Robert Blelloch
- The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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27
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The Long Noncoding RNA Paupar Modulates PAX6 Regulatory Activities to Promote Alpha Cell Development and Function. Cell Metab 2019; 30:1091-1106.e8. [PMID: 31607563 PMCID: PMC7205457 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Many studies have highlighted the role of dysregulated glucagon secretion in the etiology of hyperglycemia and diabetes. Accordingly, understanding the mechanisms underlying pancreatic islet α cell development and function has important implications for the discovery of new therapies for diabetes. In this study, comparative transcriptome analyses between embryonic mouse pancreas and adult mouse islets identified several pancreatic lncRNAs that lie in close proximity to essential pancreatic transcription factors, including the Pax6-associated lncRNA Paupar. We demonstrate that Paupar is enriched in glucagon-producing α cells where it promotes the alternative splicing of Pax6 to an isoform required for activation of essential α cell genes. Consistently, deletion of Paupar in mice resulted in dysregulation of PAX6 α cell target genes and corresponding α cell dysfunction, including blunted glucagon secretion. These findings illustrate a distinct mechanism by which a pancreatic lncRNA can coordinate glucose homeostasis by cell-specific regulation of a broadly expressed transcription factor.
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28
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Abstract
Diabetes is a major worldwide health problem which results from the loss and/or dysfunction of pancreatic insulin-producing β cells in the pancreas. Therefore, there is great interest in understanding the endogenous capacity of β cells to regenerate under normal or pathological conditions, with the goal of restoring functional β cell mass in patients with diabetes. Here, we summarize the current status of β cell regeneration research, which has been broadly divided into three in vivo mechanisms: 1. proliferation of existing β cells; 2. neogenesis of β cells from adult ductal progenitors; and 3. transdifferentiation of other cell types into β cells. We discuss the evidence and controversies for each mechanism in mice and humans, as well as the prospect of using these approaches for the treatment of diabetes.
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29
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Da Silva Xavier G, Rutter GA. Metabolic and Functional Heterogeneity in Pancreatic β Cells. J Mol Biol 2019; 432:1395-1406. [PMID: 31419404 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2019.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic and secretory heterogeneity are fundamental properties of pancreatic islet β cells. Emerging data suggest that stable differences in the transcriptome and proteome of individual cells may create cellular hierarchies, which, in turn, establish coordinated functional networks. These networks appear to govern the secretory activity of the whole islet and be affected in some forms of diabetes mellitus. Functional imaging, for example, of intracellular calcium dynamics, has led to the demonstration of "small worlds" behavior, and the identification of highly connected "hub" (or "leader") cells and of follower populations subservient to them. Subsequent inactivation of members of either population, for example, using optogenetic approaches or photoablation, has confirmed the importance of hub cells as possible pacemakers. Hub cells appear to be enriched for the glucose phosphorylating enzyme glucokinase and for genes encoding other enzymes involved in glucose metabolism compared to follower cells. Recent findings have shown the relevance of cellular hierarchy in islets from multiple species including human, mouse and fish, and shown that it is preserved in vivo in the context of the fully vascularized and innervated islet. Importantly, connectivity is impaired by insults, which mimic the diabetic milieu, including high glucose and/or fatty levels, and by the ablation of genes associated with type 2 diabetes risk in genome-wide association studies. We discuss here the evidence for the existence of these networks and their failure in disease settings. We also briefly survey the challenges in understanding their properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Da Silva Xavier
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, United Kingdom.
| | - Guy A Rutter
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, United Kingdom; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nan Yang Technological University, Singapore
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30
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Scoville D, Lichti-Kaiser K, Grimm S, Jetten A. GLIS3 binds pancreatic beta cell regulatory regions alongside other islet transcription factors. J Endocrinol 2019; 243:JOE-19-0182.R2. [PMID: 31340201 PMCID: PMC6938561 DOI: 10.1530/joe-19-0182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The Krüppel-like zinc finger transcription factor Gli-similar 3 (GLIS3) plays a critical role in the regulation of pancreatic beta cells, with global Glis3 knockout mice suffering from severe hyperglycemia and dying by post-natal day 11. In addition, GLIS3 has been shown to directly regulate the early endocrine marker Ngn3, as well as Ins2 gene expression in mature beta cells. We hypothesize that GLIS3 regulates several other genes critical to beta cell function, in addition to Ins2, by directly binding to regulatory regions. We therefore generated a pancreas-specific Glis3 deletion mouse model (Glis3Δpanc) using a Pdx1-driven Cre mouse line. Roughly 20% of these mice develop hyperglycemia by 8-weeks and lose most of their insulin expression. However, this did not appear to be due to loss of the beta cells themselves, as no change in cell death was observed. Indeed, presumptive beta cells appeared to persist as PDX1+/INS-/MAFA-/GLUT2- cells. Islet RNA-seq analysis combined with GLIS3 ChIP-seq analysis revealed apparent direct regulation of a variety of diabetes related genes, including Slc2a2 and Mafa. GLIS3 binding near these genes coincided with binding for other islet-enriched transcription factors, indicating these are distinct regulatory hubs. Our data indicates that GLIS3 not only regulates insulin expression, but several additional genes critical for beta cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Scoville
- D Scoville, Immunity, Inflammation, and Disease Laboratory, NIEHS, Durham, United States
| | - Kristin Lichti-Kaiser
- K Lichti-Kaiser, Immunity, Inflammation, and Disease Laboratory, NIEHS, Durham, United States
| | - Sara Grimm
- S Grimm, Integrative Bioinformatics Support Group, NIEHS, Durham, United States
| | - Anton Jetten
- A Jetten, Immunity, Inflammation, and Disease Laboratory, NIEHS, Durham, United States
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31
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Zhang Q, Pan Y, Zeng B, Zheng X, Wang H, Shen X, Li H, Jiang Q, Zhao J, Meng ZX, Li P, Chen Z, Wei H, Liu Z. Intestinal lysozyme liberates Nod1 ligands from microbes to direct insulin trafficking in pancreatic beta cells. Cell Res 2019; 29:516-532. [PMID: 31201384 PMCID: PMC6796897 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-019-0190-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-range communication between intestinal symbiotic bacteria and extra-intestinal organs can occur through circulating bacterial signal molecules, through neural circuits, or through cytokines or hormones from host cells. Here we report that Nod1 ligands derived from intestinal bacteria act as signal molecules and directly modulate insulin trafficking in pancreatic beta cells. The cytosolic peptidoglycan receptor Nod1 and its downstream adapter Rip2 are required for insulin trafficking in beta cells in a cell-autonomous manner. Mechanistically, upon recognizing cognate ligands, Nod1 and Rip2 localize to insulin vesicles, recruiting Rab1a to direct insulin trafficking through the cytoplasm. Importantly, intestinal lysozyme liberates Nod1 ligands into the circulation, thus enabling long-range communication between intestinal microbes and islets. The intestine-islet crosstalk bridged by Nod1 ligands modulates host glucose tolerance. Our study defines a new type of inter-organ communication based on circulating bacterial signal molecules, which has broad implications for understanding the mutualistic relationship between microbes and host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Ying Pan
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Benhua Zeng
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xiaojiao Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Haifang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xueying Shen
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hui Li
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qian Jiang
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Jiaxu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Rd, Shanghai, 200031, China.,Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Rd, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Zhuo-Xian Meng
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Pingping Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Zhengjun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Rd, Shanghai, 200031, China.,Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Rd, Shanghai, 200031, China.,ShanghaiTech Univ, Sch Life Sci & Technol, 100 Haike Rd, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Hong Wei
- Precision Medicine Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China.
| | - Zhihua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China. .,Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
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32
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Wade AK, Liu Y, Bethea MM, Toren E, Tse HM, Hunter CS. LIM-domain transcription complexes interact with ring-finger ubiquitin ligases and thereby impact islet β-cell function. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:11728-11740. [PMID: 31186351 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.006985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is characterized by a loss of β-cell mass, and a greater understanding of the transcriptional mechanisms governing β-cell function is required for future therapies. Previously, we reported that a complex of the Islet-1 (Isl1) transcription factor and the co-regulator single-stranded DNA-binding protein 3 (SSBP3) regulates the genes necessary for β-cell function, but few proteins are known to interact with this complex in β-cells. To identify additional components, here we performed SSBP3 reverse-cross-linked immunoprecipitation (ReCLIP)- and MS-based experiments with mouse β-cell extracts and compared the results with those from our previous Isl1 ReCLIP study. Our analysis identified the E3 ubiquitin ligases ring finger protein 20 (RNF20) and RNF40, factors that in nonpancreatic cells regulate transcription through imparting monoubiquitin marks on histone H2B (H2Bub1), a precursor to histone H3 lysine 4 trimethylation (H3K4me3). We hypothesized that RNF20 and RNF40 regulate similar genes as those regulated by Isl1 and SSBP3 and are important for β-cell function. We observed that Rnf20 and Rnf40 depletion reduces β-cell H2Bub1 marks and uncovered several target genes, including glucose transporter 2 (Glut2), MAF BZIP transcription factor A (MafA), and uncoupling protein 2 (Ucp2). Strikingly, we also observed that Isl1 and SSBP3 depletion reduces H2Bub1 and H3K4me3 marks, suggesting that they have epigenetic roles. We noted that the RNF complex is required for glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and normal mitochondrial reactive oxygen species levels. These findings indicate that RNF20 and RNF40 regulate β-cell gene expression and insulin secretion and establish a link between Isl1 complexes and global cellular epigenetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexa K Wade
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294.,Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Yanping Liu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294.,Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Maigen M Bethea
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294.,Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Eliana Toren
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294.,Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Hubert M Tse
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294.,Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Chad S Hunter
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294 .,Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
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Enhancer long-range contacts: The multi-adaptor protein LDB1 is the tie that binds. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2019; 1862:625-633. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Bethea M, Liu Y, Wade AK, Mullen R, Gupta R, Gelfanov V, DiMarchi R, Bhatnagar S, Behringer R, Habegger KM, Hunter CS. The islet-expressed Lhx1 transcription factor interacts with Islet-1 and contributes to glucose homeostasis. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2019; 316:E397-E409. [PMID: 30620636 PMCID: PMC6415717 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00235.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The LIM-homeodomain (LIM-HD) transcription factor Islet-1 (Isl1) interacts with the LIM domain-binding protein 1 (Ldb1) coregulator to control expression of key pancreatic β-cell genes. However, Ldb1 also has Isl1-independent effects, supporting that another LIM-HD factor interacts with Ldb1 to impact β-cell development and/or function. LIM homeobox 1 (Lhx1) is an Isl1-related LIM-HD transcription factor that appears to be expressed in the developing mouse pancreas and in adult islets. However, roles for this factor in the pancreas are unknown. This study aimed to determine Lhx1 interactions and elucidate gene regulatory and physiological roles in the pancreas. Co-immunoprecipitation using β-cell extracts demonstrated an interaction between Lhx1 and Isl1, and thus we hypothesized that Lhx1 and Isl1 regulate similar target genes. To test this, we employed siRNA-mediated Lhx1 knockdown in β-cell lines and discovered reduced Glp1R mRNA. Chromatin immunoprecipitation revealed Lhx1 occupancy at a domain also known to be occupied by Isl1 and Ldb1. Through development of a pancreas-wide knockout mouse model ( Lhx1∆Panc), we demonstrate that aged Lhx1∆Panc mice have elevated fasting blood glucose levels, altered intraperitoneal and oral glucose tolerance, and significantly upregulated glucagon, somatostatin, pancreatic polypeptide, MafB, and Arx islet mRNAs. Additionally, Lhx1∆Panc mice exhibit significantly reduced Glp1R, an mRNA encoding the insulinotropic receptor for glucagon-like peptide 1 along with a concomitant dampened Glp1 response and mild glucose intolerance in mice challenged with oral glucose. These data are the first to reveal that the Lhx1 transcription factor contributes to normal glucose homeostasis and Glp1 responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maigen Bethea
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Yanping Liu
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Alexa K Wade
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Rachel Mullen
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, Texas
| | - Rajesh Gupta
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Vasily Gelfanov
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University , Bloomington, Indiana
| | - Richard DiMarchi
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University , Bloomington, Indiana
| | - Sushant Bhatnagar
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Richard Behringer
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, Texas
| | - Kirk M Habegger
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Chad S Hunter
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
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Hart NJ, Powers AC. Use of human islets to understand islet biology and diabetes: progress, challenges and suggestions. Diabetologia 2019; 62:212-222. [PMID: 30547228 PMCID: PMC6325002 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-018-4772-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Over the last two decades, improved access to human islets and the development of human islet distribution networks have enabled the use of millions of human islets in hundreds of scientific research projects, leading to a dramatic increase in our understanding of human islet biology. Here we discuss recent scientific advances as well as methodological and experimental challenges that impact human islet quality, experimental outcomes and the reporting of human islets used in scientific publications. In a survey of over 200 scientific publications with human islet experimentation, we found that the reporting of critical information was quite variable, sometimes obscure, and often failed to adequately outline the experiments and results using human islets. As the complexity of human islet research grows, we propose that members of the human islet research ecosystem work together to develop procedures and approaches for accessible and transparent collecting and reporting of crucial human islet characteristics and, through this, enhance collaboration, reproducibility and rigour, leading to further advances in our understanding of human islet biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel J Hart
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, 7465 Medical Research Bldg IV, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2215 Garland Avenue, Nashville, TN, 37232-0475, USA
- Institute for Cellular Transplantation, College of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Arizona Health Sciences Center, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Alvin C Powers
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, 7465 Medical Research Bldg IV, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2215 Garland Avenue, Nashville, TN, 37232-0475, USA.
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.
- VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare, Nashville, TN, USA.
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Zhang Q, Zhang Q, Jiang X, Ye Y, Liao H, Zhu F, Yan J, Luo L, Tian L, Jiang C, Chen Y, Liang X, Sun Y. Collaborative ISL1/GATA3 interaction in controlling neuroblastoma oncogenic pathways overlapping with but distinct from MYCN. Theranostics 2019; 9:986-1000. [PMID: 30867811 PMCID: PMC6401405 DOI: 10.7150/thno.30199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Transcription factor ISL1 plays a critical role in sympathetic neurogenesis. Expression of ISL1 has been associated with neuroblastoma, a pediatric tumor derived from sympatho-adrenal progenitors, however the role of ISL1 in neuroblastoma remains unexplored. Method: Here, we knocked down ISL1 (KD) in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells and performed RNA-seq and ISL1 ChIP-seq analyses. Results: Analyses of these data revealed that ISL1 acts upstream of multiple oncogenic genes and pathways essential for neuroblastoma proliferation and differentiation, including LMO1 and LIN28B. ISL1 promotes expression of a number of cell cycle associated genes, but represses differentiation associated genes including RA receptors and the downstream target genes EPAS1 and CDKN1A. Consequently, Knockdown of ISL1 inhibits neuroblastoma cell proliferation and migration in vitro and impedes tumor growth in vivo, and enhances neuronal differentiation by RA treatment. Furthermore, genome-wide mapping revealed a substantial co-occupancy of binding regions by ISL1 and GATA3, and ISL1 physically interacts with GATA3, and together they synergistically regulate the aforementioned oncogenic pathways. In addition, analyses of the roles of ISL1 and MYCN in MYCN-amplified and MYCN non-amplified neuroblastoma cells revealed an epistatic relationship between ISL1 and MYCN. ISL1 and MYCN function in parallel to regulate common yet distinct oncogenic pathways in neuroblastoma. Conclusion: Our study has demonstrated that ISL1 plays an essential role in neuroblastoma regulatory networks and may serve as a potential therapeutic target in neuroblastoma.
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Abstract
The dramatic increase in global prevalence of metabolic disease is inexplicable when considering only environmental or only genetic factors, leading to the need to explore the possible roles of epigenetic factors. A great deal of progress has been made in this interdisciplinary field in recent years, with many studies investigating various aspects of the metabolic syndrome and its associated epigenetic changes. Rodent models of metabolic diseases have been particularly illuminating because of the ability to leverage tools such as genetic and environmental modifications. The current review summarizes recent breakthroughs regarding epigenetic markers in studies of obesity, Type II diabetes, and cardiovascular disease, the three major disorders associated with metabolic syndrome. We also discuss open questions and future directions for integrating genomic, epigenomic, and phenotypic big biodata toward understanding metabolic syndrome etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caryn Carson
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine , Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Heather A Lawson
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine , Saint Louis, Missouri
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Araki M, Nakagawa Y, Oishi A, Han SI, Wang Y, Kumagai K, Ohno H, Mizunoe Y, Iwasaki H, Sekiya M, Matsuzaka T, Shimano H. The Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor α (PPARα) Agonist Pemafibrate Protects against Diet-Induced Obesity in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19072148. [PMID: 30041488 PMCID: PMC6073532 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19072148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) is a therapeutic target for hyperlipidemia. Pemafibrate (K-877) is a new selective PPARα modulator activating PPARα transcriptional activity. To determine the effects of pemafibrate on diet-induced obesity, wild-type mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) containing pemafibrate for 12 weeks. Like fenofibrate, pemafibrate significantly suppressed HFD-induced body weight gain; decreased plasma glucose, insulin and triglyceride (TG) levels; and increased plasma fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21). However, compared to the dose of fenofibrate, a relatively low dose of pemafibrate showed these effects. Pemafibrate activated PPARα transcriptional activity in the liver, increasing both hepatic expression and plasma levels of FGF21. Additionally, pemafibrate increased the expression of genes involved in thermogenesis and fatty acid oxidation, including Ucp1, Cidea and Cpt1b in inguinal adipose tissue (iWAT) and the mitochondrial marker Elovl3 in brown adipose tissue (BAT). Therefore, pemafibrate activates thermogenesis in iWAT and BAT by increasing plasma levels of FGF21. Additionally, pemafibrate induced the expression of Atgl and Hsl in epididymal white adipose tissue, leading to the activation of lipolysis. Taken together, pemafibrate suppresses diet-induced obesity in mice and improves their obesity-related metabolic abnormalities. We propose that pemafibrate may be useful for the suppression and improvement of obesity-induced metabolic abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaya Araki
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.
| | - Yoshimi Nakagawa
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.
| | - Asayo Oishi
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.
| | - Song-Iee Han
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.
| | - Yunong Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.
| | - Kae Kumagai
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Ohno
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.
| | - Yuhei Mizunoe
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.
| | - Hitoshi Iwasaki
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.
| | - Motohiro Sekiya
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.
| | - Takashi Matsuzaka
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.
| | - Hitoshi Shimano
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan.
- Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development⁻Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-1004, Japan.
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Shao W, Szeto V, Song Z, Tian L, Feng ZP, Nostro MC, Jin T. The LIM homeodomain protein ISL1 mediates the function of TCF7L2 in pancreatic beta cells. J Mol Endocrinol 2018; 61:1-12. [PMID: 29678908 DOI: 10.1530/jme-17-0181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic β-cell Tcf7l2 deletion or its functional knockdown suggested the essential role of this Wnt pathway effector in controlling insulin secretion, glucose homeostasis and β-cell gene expression. As the LIM homeodomain protein ISL1 is a suggested Wnt pathway downstream target, we hypothesize that it mediates metabolic functions of TCF7L2. We aimed to determine the role of ISL1 in mediating the function of TCF7L2 and the incretin hormone GLP-1 in pancreatic β-cells. The effect of dominant negative TCF7L2 (TCF7L2DN) mediated Wnt pathway functional knockdown on Isl1 expression was determined in βTCFDN mouse islets and in the rat insulinoma cell line INS-1 832/13. Luciferase reporter assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation were utilized to determine whether Isl1 is a direct downstream target of Tcf7l2 TCF7L2DN adenovirus infection and siRNA-mediated Isl1 knockdown on β-cell gene expression were compared. Furthermore, Isl1 knockdown on GLP-1 stimulated β-catenin S675 phosphorylation and insulin secretion was determined. We found that TCF7L2DN repressed ISL1 levels in βTCFDN islets and the INS-1 832/13 cell line. Wnt stimulators enhanced Isl1 promoter activity and binding of TCF7L2 on Isl1 promoter. TCF7L2DN adenovirus infection and Isl1 knockdown generated similar repression on expression of β-cell genes, including the ones that encode GLUT2 and GLP-1 receptor. Either TCF7L2DN adenovirus infection or Isl1 knockdown attenuated GLP-1-stimulated β-catenin S675 phosphorylation in INS-1 832/13 cells or mouse islets and GLP-1 stimulated insulin secretion in INS-1 832/13 or MIN6 cells. Our observations support the existence of TCF7L2-ISL1 transcriptional network, and we suggest that this network also mediates β-cell function of GLP-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijuan Shao
- Division of Advanced DiagnosticsToronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vivian Szeto
- Department of PhysiologyUniversity of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zhuolun Song
- Department of PhysiologyUniversity of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lili Tian
- Division of Advanced DiagnosticsToronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zhong-Ping Feng
- Department of PhysiologyUniversity of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - M Cristina Nostro
- Department of PhysiologyUniversity of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Experimental TherapeuticsToronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- McEwen Centre for Regenerative MedicineUniversity Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tianru Jin
- Division of Advanced DiagnosticsToronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of PhysiologyUniversity of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- McEwen Centre for Regenerative MedicineUniversity Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Banting and Best Diabetes CenterUniversity of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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40
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The Polycomb-Dependent Epigenome Controls β Cell Dysfunction, Dedifferentiation, and Diabetes. Cell Metab 2018; 27:1294-1308.e7. [PMID: 29754954 PMCID: PMC5989056 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2018.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
To date, it remains largely unclear to what extent chromatin machinery contributes to the susceptibility and progression of complex diseases. Here, we combine deep epigenome mapping with single-cell transcriptomics to mine for evidence of chromatin dysregulation in type 2 diabetes. We find two chromatin-state signatures that track β cell dysfunction in mice and humans: ectopic activation of bivalent Polycomb-silenced domains and loss of expression at an epigenomically unique class of lineage-defining genes. β cell-specific Polycomb (Eed/PRC2) loss of function in mice triggers diabetes-mimicking transcriptional signatures and highly penetrant, hyperglycemia-independent dedifferentiation, indicating that PRC2 dysregulation contributes to disease. The work provides novel resources for exploring β cell transcriptional regulation and identifies PRC2 as necessary for long-term maintenance of β cell identity. Importantly, the data suggest a two-hit (chromatin and hyperglycemia) model for loss of β cell identity in diabetes.
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Diedisheim M, Oshima M, Albagli O, Huldt CW, Ahlstedt I, Clausen M, Menon S, Aivazidis A, Andreasson AC, Haynes WG, Marchetti P, Marselli L, Armanet M, Chimienti F, Scharfmann R. Modeling human pancreatic beta cell dedifferentiation. Mol Metab 2018; 10:74-86. [PMID: 29472102 PMCID: PMC5985229 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dedifferentiation could explain reduced functional pancreatic β-cell mass in type 2 diabetes (T2D). METHODS Here we model human β-cell dedifferentiation using growth factor stimulation in the human β-cell line, EndoC-βH1, and human pancreatic islets. RESULTS Fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) treatment reduced expression of β-cell markers, (INS, MAFB, SLC2A2, SLC30A8, and GCK) and activated ectopic expression of MYC, HES1, SOX9, and NEUROG3. FGF2-induced dedifferentiation was time- and dose-dependent and reversible upon wash-out. Furthermore, FGF2 treatment induced expression of TNFRSF11B, a decoy receptor for RANKL and protected β-cells against RANKL signaling. Finally, analyses of transcriptomic data revealed increased FGF2 expression in ductal, endothelial, and stellate cells in pancreas from T2D patients, whereas FGFR1, SOX,9 and HES1 expression increased in islets from T2D patients. CONCLUSIONS We thus developed an FGF2-induced model of human β-cell dedifferentiation, identified new markers of dedifferentiation, and found evidence for increased pancreatic FGF2, FGFR1, and β-cell dedifferentiation in T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Diedisheim
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, 123 Boulevard de Port-Royal, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Masaya Oshima
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, 123 Boulevard de Port-Royal, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Olivier Albagli
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, 123 Boulevard de Port-Royal, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Charlotte Wennberg Huldt
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Ingela Ahlstedt
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Maryam Clausen
- Discovery Sciences, Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech unit, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Suraj Menon
- RDI Operations, Granta Park, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alexander Aivazidis
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Anne-Christine Andreasson
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - William G Haynes
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Piero Marchetti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lorella Marselli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Mathieu Armanet
- Cell Therapy Unit, Hôpital Saint Louis, AP-HP, University Paris-Diderot, Paris, 75010, France
| | - Fabrice Chimienti
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Raphael Scharfmann
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, 123 Boulevard de Port-Royal, 75014 Paris, France.
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Jung Y, Zhou R, Kato T, Usui JK, Muratani M, Oishi H, Heck MMS, Takahashi S. Isl1β Overexpression With Key β Cell Transcription Factors Enhances Glucose-Responsive Hepatic Insulin Production and Secretion. Endocrinology 2018; 159:869-882. [PMID: 29220426 DOI: 10.1210/en.2017-00663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Adenoviral gene transfer of key β cell developmental regulators including Pdx1, Neurod1, and Mafa (PDA) has been reported to generate insulin-producing cells in the liver. However, PDA insulin secretion is transient and glucose unresponsive. Here, we report that an additional β cell developmental regulator, insulin gene enhancer binding protein splicing variant (Isl1β), improved insulin production and glucose-responsive secretion in PDA mice. Microarray gene expression analysis suggested that adenoviral PDA transfer required an additional element for mature β cell generation, such as Isl1 and Elf3 in the liver. In vitro promoter analysis indicated that splicing variant Isl1, or Isl1β, is an important factor for transcriptional activity of the insulin gene. In vivo bioluminescence monitoring using insulin promoter-luciferase transgenic mice verified that adenoviral PDA + Isl1β transfer produced highly intense luminescence from the liver, which peaked at day 7 and persisted for more than 10 days. Using insulin promoter-GFP transgenic mice, we further confirmed that Isl1β supplementation to PDA augmented insulin-producing cells in the liver, insulin production and secretion, and β cell‒related genes. Finally, the PDA + Isl1β combination ameliorated hyperglycemia in diabetic mice for 28 days and enhanced glucose tolerance and responsiveness. Thus, our results suggest that Isl1β is a key additional transcriptional factor for advancing the generation of insulin-producing cells in the liver in combination with PDA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunshin Jung
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai, Japan
- School of Integrative and Global Majors, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai, Japan
| | - Ruyi Zhou
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai, Japan
| | - Toshiki Kato
- School of Integrative and Global Majors, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai, Japan
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai, Japan
| | - Jeffrey K Usui
- School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Masafumi Muratani
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai, Japan
- School of Integrative and Global Majors, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai, Japan
| | - Hisashi Oishi
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai, Japan
- Life Science Center, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai, Japan
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai, Japan
| | - Margarete M S Heck
- Queen's Medical Research Institute, University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Satoru Takahashi
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai, Japan
- Life Science Center, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai, Japan
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai, Japan
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43
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Avrahami D, Wang YJ, Klochendler A, Dor Y, Glaser B, Kaestner KH. β-Cells are not uniform after all-Novel insights into molecular heterogeneity of insulin-secreting cells. Diabetes Obes Metab 2017; 19 Suppl 1:147-152. [PMID: 28880481 PMCID: PMC5659199 DOI: 10.1111/dom.13019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
While the β-cells of the endocrine pancreas are defined as cells with high levels of insulin production and tight stimulus-secretion coupling, the existence of functional heterogeneity among them has been known for decades. Recent advances in molecular technologies, in particular single-cell profiling on both the protein and messenger RNA level, have uncovered that β-cells exist in several antigenically and molecularly definable states. Using antibodies to cell surface markers or multidimensional clustering of β-cells using more than 20 protein markers by mass cytometry, 4 distinct groups of β-cells could be differentiated. However, whether these states represent permanent cell lineages or are readily interconvertible from one group to another remains to be determined. Nevertheless, future analysis of the pathogenesis of type 1 and type 2 diabetes will certainly benefit from a growing appreciation of β-cell heterogeneity. Here, we aim to summarize concisely the recent advances in the field and their possible impact on our understanding of β-cell physiology and pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Avrahami
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Service, Department of Internal Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yue J. Wang
- Department of Genetics and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Agnes Klochendler
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, The Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yuval Dor
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, The Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Benjamin Glaser
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Service, Department of Internal Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Klaus H. Kaestner
- Department of Genetics and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
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Tritschler S, Theis FJ, Lickert H, Böttcher A. Systematic single-cell analysis provides new insights into heterogeneity and plasticity of the pancreas. Mol Metab 2017; 6:974-990. [PMID: 28951822 PMCID: PMC5605721 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2017.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus is characterized by loss or dysfunction of insulin-producing β-cells in the pancreas, resulting in failure of blood glucose regulation and devastating secondary complications. Thus, β-cells are currently the prime target for cell-replacement and regenerative therapy. Triggering endogenous repair is a promising strategy to restore β-cell mass and normoglycemia in diabetic patients. Potential strategies include targeting specific β-cell subpopulations to increase proliferation or maturation. Alternatively, transdifferentiation of pancreatic islet cells (e.g. α- or δ-cells), extra-islet cells (acinar and ductal cells), hepatocytes, or intestinal cells into insulin-producing cells might improve glycemic control. To this end, it is crucial to systematically characterize and unravel the transcriptional program of all pancreatic cell types at the molecular level in homeostasis and disease. Furthermore, it is necessary to better determine the underlying mechanisms of β-cell maturation, maintenance, and dysfunction in diabetes, to identify and molecularly profile endocrine subpopulations with regenerative potential, and to translate the findings from mice to man. Recent approaches in single-cell biology started to illuminate heterogeneity and plasticity in the pancreas that might be targeted for β-cell regeneration in diabetic patients. SCOPE OF REVIEW This review discusses recent literature on single-cell analysis including single-cell RNA sequencing, single-cell mass cytometry, and flow cytometry of pancreatic cell types in the context of mechanisms of endogenous β-cell regeneration. We discuss new findings on the regulation of postnatal β-cell proliferation and maturation. We highlight how single-cell analysis recapitulates described principles of functional β-cell heterogeneity in animal models and adds new knowledge on the extent of β-cell heterogeneity in humans as well as its role in homeostasis and disease. Furthermore, we summarize the findings on cell subpopulations with regenerative potential that might enable the formation of new β-cells in diseased state. Finally, we review new data on the transcriptional program and function of rare pancreatic cell types and their implication in diabetes. MAJOR CONCLUSION Novel, single-cell technologies offer high molecular resolution of cellular heterogeneity within the pancreas and provide information on processes and factors that govern β-cell homeostasis, proliferation, and maturation. Eventually, these technologies might lead to the characterization of cells with regenerative potential and unravel disease-associated changes in gene expression to identify cellular and molecular targets for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Tritschler
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Am Parkring 11, 85748 Garching-Hochbrück, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Fabian J. Theis
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Heiko Lickert
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Am Parkring 11, 85748 Garching-Hochbrück, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Anika Böttcher
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Am Parkring 11, 85748 Garching-Hochbrück, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
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Avrahami D, Klochendler A, Dor Y, Glaser B. Beta cell heterogeneity: an evolving concept. Diabetologia 2017; 60:1363-1369. [PMID: 28597073 PMCID: PMC5554543 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-017-4326-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Beta cells are primarily defined by their ability to produce insulin and secrete it in response to appropriate stimuli. It has been known for some time, however, that beta cells are not functionally identical to each other and that the rates of insulin synthesis and release differ from cell to cell, although the functional significance of this variability remains unclear. Recent studies have used heterogeneous gene expression to isolate and evaluate different subpopulations of beta cells and to demonstrate alterations in these subpopulations in diabetes. In the last few years, novel technologies have emerged that permit the detailed evaluation of the proteome (e.g. time-of-flight mass spectroscopy, [CyTOF]) and transcriptome (e.g. massively parallel RNA sequencing) at the single-cell level, and tools for single beta cell metabolomics and epigenomics are quickly maturing. The first wave of single beta cell proteome and transcriptome studies were published in 2016, giving a glimpse into the power, but also the limitations, of these approaches. Despite this progress, it remains unclear if the observed heterogeneity of beta cells represents stable, distinct beta cell types or, alternatively, highly dynamic beta cell states. Here we provide a concise overview of recent developments in the emerging field of beta cell heterogeneity and the implications for our understanding of beta cell biology and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Avrahami
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Service, Department of Internal Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, POB 12000, 91120, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Agnes Klochendler
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, The Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yuval Dor
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, The Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Benjamin Glaser
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Service, Department of Internal Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, POB 12000, 91120, Jerusalem, Israel.
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46
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Loyd C, Liu Y, Kim T, Holleman C, Galloway J, Bethea M, Ediger BN, Swain TA, Tang Y, Stoffers DA, Rowe GC, Young M, Steele C, Habegger KM, Hunter CS. LDB1 Regulates Energy Homeostasis During Diet-Induced Obesity. Endocrinology 2017; 158:1289-1297. [PMID: 28009534 PMCID: PMC5460834 DOI: 10.1210/en.2016-1791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The broadly expressed transcriptional coregulator LDB1 is essential for β-cell development and glucose homeostasis. However, it is unclear whether LDB1 has metabolic roles beyond the β-cell, especially under metabolic stress. Global Ldb1 deletion results in early embryonic lethality; thus, we used global heterozygous Ldb1+/- and inducible β-cell-specific Ldb1-deficient (Ldb1Δβ-cell) mice. We assessed glucose and insulin tolerance, body composition, feeding, and energy expenditure during high-fat diet exposure. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) biology was evaluated by thermogenic gene expression and LDB1 chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis. We found that partial loss of Ldb1 does not impair the maintenance of glucose homeostasis; rather, we observed improved insulin sensitivity in these mice. Partial loss of Ldb1 also uncovered defects in energy expenditure in lean and diet-induced obese (DIO) mice. This decreased energy expenditure during DIO was associated with significantly altered BAT gene expression, specifically Cidea, Elovl3, Cox7a1, and Dio2. Remarkably, the observed changes in energy balance during DIO were absent in Ldb1Δβ-cell mice, despite a similar reduction in plasma insulin, suggesting a role for LDB1 in BAT. Indeed, LDB1 is expressed in brown adipocytes and occupies a regulatory domain of Elovl3, a gene crucial to normal BAT function. We conclude that LDB1 regulates energy homeostasis, in part through transcriptional modulation of critical regulators in BAT function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Loyd
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism
| | - Yanping Liu
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism
| | - Teayoun Kim
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism
| | - Cassie Holleman
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism
| | - Jamie Galloway
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism
| | - Maigen Bethea
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism
| | - Benjamin N. Ediger
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism and Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | | | - Yawen Tang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, and
| | - Doris A. Stoffers
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism and Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Glenn C. Rowe
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, and
| | - Martin Young
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, and
| | - Chad Steele
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Kirk M. Habegger
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism
| | - Chad S. Hunter
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism
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Wang W, Liu C, Jimenez-Gonzalez M, Song WJ, Hussain MA. The undoing and redoing of the diabetic β-cell. J Diabetes Complications 2017; 31:912-917. [PMID: 28242267 PMCID: PMC5450161 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2017.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A hallmark of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is the reduction in functional β-cell mass, which is considered at least in part to result from an imbalance of β-cell renewal and apoptosis, with the latter being accelerated during metabolic stress. More recent studies, however, suggest that the loss of functional β-cell mass is not as much due to β-cell death but rather to de-differentiation of β-cells when these cells are exposed to metabolic stressors, opening the possibility to re-differentiate and restore functional β-cell mass by therapeutic intervention. In parallel, clinical observations suggest that temporary intensive insulin therapy in early diagnosed humans with T2DM, so as to "rest" endogenous β-cells, allows these patients to regain adequate insulin secretion and to maintain euglycemia for prolonged periods free of continued pharmacotherapy. Whether observations made in (mostly rodent) models of diabetes mellitus and in clinical trials are revealing identical mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities remains a tantalizing possibility. Our intention is for this review to serve as an overview of the field and commentary of this particularly exciting field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Metabolism Division, Departments of Pediatrics, Medicine and Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N Wolfe Street, CMSC 10-113, Baltimore, MD 21287
| | - Chune Liu
- Metabolism Division, Departments of Pediatrics, Medicine and Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N Wolfe Street, CMSC 10-113, Baltimore, MD 21287
| | - Maria Jimenez-Gonzalez
- Metabolism Division, Departments of Pediatrics, Medicine and Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N Wolfe Street, CMSC 10-113, Baltimore, MD 21287
| | - Woo-Jin Song
- Metabolism Division, Departments of Pediatrics, Medicine and Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N Wolfe Street, CMSC 10-113, Baltimore, MD 21287
| | - Mehboob A Hussain
- Metabolism Division, Departments of Pediatrics, Medicine and Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N Wolfe Street, CMSC 10-113, Baltimore, MD 21287.
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48
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Sims EK. Chewing the Fat: A Metabolic Role for Ldb1 Beyond the Pancreas? Endocrinology 2017; 158:1113-1115. [PMID: 28609835 PMCID: PMC5460831 DOI: 10.1210/en.2017-00080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emily K Sims
- Department of Pediatrics and Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
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49
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy A Rutter
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
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50
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Swisa A, Glaser B, Dor Y. Metabolic Stress and Compromised Identity of Pancreatic Beta Cells. Front Genet 2017; 8:21. [PMID: 28270834 PMCID: PMC5318414 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2017.00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Beta cell failure is a central feature of type 2 diabetes (T2D), but the molecular underpinnings of the process remain only partly understood. It has been suggested that beta cell failure in T2D involves massive cell death. Other studies ascribe beta cell failure to cell exhaustion, due to chronic oxidative or endoplasmic reticulum stress leading to cellular dysfunction. More recently it was proposed that beta cells in T2D may lose their differentiated identity, possibly even gaining features of other islet cell types. The loss of beta cell identity appears to be driven by glucotoxicity inhibiting the activity of key beta cell transcription factors including Pdx1, Nkx6.1, MafA and Pax6, thereby silencing beta cell genes and derepressing alternative islet cell genes. The loss of beta cell identity is at least partly reversible upon normalization of glycemia, with implications for the reversibility of T2D, although it is not known if beta cell failure reaches eventually a point of no return. In this review we discuss current evidence for metabolism-driven compromised beta cell identity, key knowledge gaps and opportunities for utility in the treatment of T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avital Swisa
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, The Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical SchoolJerusalem, Israel
| | - Benjamin Glaser
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Service, Department of Internal Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical CenterJerusalem, Israel
| | - Yuval Dor
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, The Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical SchoolJerusalem, Israel,*Correspondence: Yuval Dor,
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