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Thelwell ELR, Dunkerley L, Goodwin R, Giacco D. Effectiveness of online social networking interventions on social isolation and quality of life of people with psychosis: A systematic review. Psychiatry Res 2024; 339:116088. [PMID: 39032357 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2024.116088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social isolation is frequent in people with psychosis, contributing to negative health outcomes. Interventions including online social networking (OSN) may overcome some psychosis-related barriers and facilitate social interactions. However, evidence is currently sparse and needs to be collated in a systematic review to better understand effectiveness. METHOD Following PRISMA guidelines, this review yielded 9835 results. Eleven publications, reporting data from five RCTs and six non-controlled studies, met the inclusion criteria. Two independent reviewers undertook data extraction and quality assessment, with results narratively synthesised. RESULTS This review looked broadly at interventions including either purpose-build platforms for peer-to-peer interactions or existing OSN tools. Yet, we only identified interventions utilising purpose-designed platforms. Early small-scale studies suggested OSN interventions reduced social isolation, but larger effectiveness studies did not confirm these effects. No improvements in quality-of-life outcomes were identified. CONCLUSION Higher quality and longer-term studies did not support effectiveness of current OSN interventions in reducing social isolation or improving quality of life of people with psychosis. These interventions used purpose-built platforms and encouraged OSN between selected individuals, which may explain these outcomes. Future research may explore promoting safe use of mainstream OSN platforms to expand the social networks of individuals with psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Dunkerley
- Warwick Medical School, the University of Warwick, Coventry, England; Coventry and Warwickshire Partnership NHS Trust, England
| | - Robin Goodwin
- Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, Coventry, England
| | - Domenico Giacco
- Warwick Medical School, the University of Warwick, Coventry, England; Coventry and Warwickshire Partnership NHS Trust, England
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Turuba R, Cormier W, Zimmerman R, Ow N, Zenone M, Quintana Y, Jenkins E, Ben-David S, Raimundo A, Marcon AR, Mathias S, Henderson J, Barbic S. Exploring How Youth Use TikTok for Mental Health Information in British Columbia: Semistructured Interview Study With Youth. JMIR INFODEMIOLOGY 2024; 4:e53233. [PMID: 38967966 PMCID: PMC11259762 DOI: 10.2196/53233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND TikTok (ByteDance) experienced a surge in popularity during the COVID-19 pandemic as a way for people to interact with others, share experiences and thoughts related to the pandemic, and cope with ongoing mental health challenges. However, few studies have explored how youth use TikTok to learn about mental health. OBJECTIVE This study aims to understand how youth used TikTok during the COVID-19 pandemic to learn about mental health and mental health support. METHODS Semistructured interviews were conducted with 21 youths (aged 12-24 years) living in British Columbia, Canada, who had accessed TikTok for mental health information during the COVID-19 pandemic. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, coded, and analyzed using an inductive, data-driven approach. RESULTS A total of 3 overarching themes were identified describing youth's experiences. The first theme centered on how TikTok gave youth easy access to mental health information and support, which was particularly helpful during the COVID-19 pandemic to curb the effects of social isolation and the additional challenges of accessing mental health services. The second theme described how the platform provided youth with connection, as it gave youth a safe space to talk about mental health and allowed them to feel seen by others going through similar experiences. This helped normalize and destigmatize conversations about mental health and brought awareness to various mental health conditions. Finally, the last theme focused on how this information led to action, such as trying different coping strategies, discussing mental health with peers and family, accessing mental health services, and advocating for themselves during medical appointments. Across the 3 themes, youth expressed having to be mindful of bias and misinformation, highlighting the barriers to identifying and reporting misinformation and providing individualized advice on the platform. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that TikTok can be a useful tool to increase mental health awareness, reduce stigma, and encourage youth to learn and address their mental health challenges while providing a source of peer connection and support. Simultaneously, TikTok can adversely impact mental health through repetitive exposure to mentally distressing content and misleading diagnosis and treatment information. Regulations against harmful content are needed to mitigate these risks and make TikTok safer for youth. Efforts should also be made to increase media and health literacy among youth so that they can better assess the information they consume online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxanne Turuba
- Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Foundry, Providence Health Care, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Willow Cormier
- Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Rae Zimmerman
- Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Nikki Ow
- Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Marco Zenone
- Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Health Law Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Yuri Quintana
- Division of Clinical Informatics, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Centre, Boston, MA, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Homewood Research Institute, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Emily Jenkins
- School of Nursing, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Shelly Ben-David
- School of Social Work, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | | | - Steve Mathias
- Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Foundry, Providence Health Care, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Centre for Advancing Health Outcomes, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jo Henderson
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Youth Wellness Hubs Ontario, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Skye Barbic
- Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Foundry, Providence Health Care, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Centre for Advancing Health Outcomes, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Paquin V, Ackerman RA, Depp CA, Moore RC, Harvey PD, Pinkham AE. Media Use and Its Associations With Paranoia in Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder: Ecological Momentary Assessment. JMIR Ment Health 2024; 11:e59198. [PMID: 38967418 PMCID: PMC11238023 DOI: 10.2196/59198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Paranoia is a spectrum of fear-related experiences that spans diagnostic categories and is influenced by social and cognitive factors. The extent to which social media and other types of media use are associated with paranoia remains unclear. Objective We aimed to examine associations between media use and paranoia at the within- and between-person levels. Methods Participants were 409 individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia spectrum or bipolar disorder. Measures included sociodemographic and clinical characteristics at baseline, followed by ecological momentary assessments (EMAs) collected 3 times daily over 30 days. EMA evaluated paranoia and 5 types of media use: social media, television, music, reading or writing, and other internet or computer use. Generalized linear mixed models were used to examine paranoia as a function of each type of media use and vice versa at the within- and between-person levels. Results Of the 409 participants, the following subgroups reported at least 1 instance of media use: 261 (63.8%) for using social media, 385 (94.1%) for watching TV, 292 (71.4%) for listening to music, 191 (46.7%) for reading or writing, and 280 (68.5%) for other internet or computer use. Gender, ethnoracial groups, educational attainment, and diagnosis of schizophrenia versus bipolar disorder were differentially associated with the likelihood of media use. There was a within-person association between social media use and paranoia: using social media was associated with a subsequent decrease of 5.5% (fold-change 0.945, 95% CI 0.904-0.987) in paranoia. The reverse association, from paranoia to subsequent changes in social media use, was not statistically significant. Other types of media use were not significantly associated with paranoia. Conclusions This study shows that social media use was associated with a modest decrease in paranoia, perhaps reflecting the clinical benefits of social connection. However, structural disadvantage and individual factors may hamper the accessibility of media activities, and the mental health correlates of media use may further vary as a function of contents and contexts of use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Paquin
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Robert A Ackerman
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States
| | - Colin A Depp
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Raeanne C Moore
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Philip D Harvey
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Amy E Pinkham
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States
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Schwarz J, Meier-Diedrich E, Neumann K, Heinze M, Eisenmann Y, Thoma S. Reasons for Acceptance or Rejection of Online Record Access Among Patients Affected by a Severe Mental Illness: Mixed Methods Study. JMIR Ment Health 2024; 11:e51126. [PMID: 38315523 PMCID: PMC10877495 DOI: 10.2196/51126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over the past few years, online record access (ORA) has been established through secure patient portals in various countries, allowing patients to access their health data, including clinical notes ("open notes"). Previous research indicates that ORA in mental health, particularly among patients with severe mental illness (SMI), has been rarely offered. Little is known about the expectations and motivations of patients with SMI when reading what their clinicians share via ORA. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to explore the reasons why patients with SMI consider or reject ORA and whether sociodemographic characteristics may influence patient decisions. METHODS ORA was offered to randomly selected patients at 3 university outpatient clinics in Brandenburg, Germany, which exclusively treat patients with SMI. Within the framework of a mixed methods evaluation, qualitative interviews were conducted with patients who chose to participate in ORA and those who declined, aiming to explore the underlying reasons for their decisions. The interviews were transcribed and analyzed using thematic analysis. Sociodemographic characteristics of patients were examined using descriptive statistics to identify predictors of acceptance or rejection of ORA. RESULTS Out of 103 included patients, 58% (n=60) wished to read their clinical notes. The reasons varied, ranging from a desire to engage more actively in their treatment to critically monitoring it and using the accessible data for third-party purposes. Conversely, 42% (n=43) chose not to use ORA, voicing concerns about possibly harming the trustful relationship with their clinicians as well as potential personal distress or uncertainty arising from reading the notes. Practical barriers such as a lack of digital literacy or suspected difficult-to-understand medical language were also named as contributing factors. Correlation analysis revealed that the majority of patients with depressive disorder desired to read the clinical notes (P<.001), while individuals with psychotic disorders showed a higher tendency to decline ORA (P<.05). No significant group differences were observed for other patient groups or characteristics. CONCLUSIONS The adoption of ORA is influenced by a wide range of motivational factors, while patients also present a similar variety of reasons for declining its use. The results emphasize the urgent need for knowledge and patient education regarding factors that may hinder the decision to use ORA, including its practical usage, its application possibilities, and concerns related to data privacy. Further research is needed to explore approaches for adequately preparing individuals with SMI to transition from their inherent interest to active engagement with ORA. TRIAL REGISTRATION German Clinical Trial Register DRKS00030188; https://drks.de/search/en/trial/DRKS00030188.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Schwarz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Center for Mental Health, Immanuel Hospital Rüdersdorf, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Rüdersdorf, Germany
- Center for Health Service Research Brandenburg, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Rüdersdorf, Germany
- Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Neuruppin, Germany
| | - Eva Meier-Diedrich
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Center for Mental Health, Immanuel Hospital Rüdersdorf, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Rüdersdorf, Germany
- Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Neuruppin, Germany
| | - Katharina Neumann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Center for Mental Health, Immanuel Hospital Rüdersdorf, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Rüdersdorf, Germany
| | - Martin Heinze
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Center for Mental Health, Immanuel Hospital Rüdersdorf, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Rüdersdorf, Germany
- Center for Health Service Research Brandenburg, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Rüdersdorf, Germany
- Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Neuruppin, Germany
| | - Yvonne Eisenmann
- Center for Health Service Research Brandenburg, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Rüdersdorf, Germany
- Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Neuruppin, Germany
| | - Samuel Thoma
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Center for Mental Health, Immanuel Hospital Rüdersdorf, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Rüdersdorf, Germany
- Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Neuruppin, Germany
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Paquin V, Philippe FL, Shannon H, Guimond S, Ouellet-Morin I, Geoffroy MC. Associations between digital media use and psychotic experiences in young adults of Quebec, Canada: a longitudinal study. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2024; 59:65-75. [PMID: 37516683 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-023-02537-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Digital media use has been associated with psychotic experiences in youth from the community, but the direction of association remains unclear. We aimed to examine between- and within-person associations of digital media use and psychotic experiences in youth. METHODS The sample included 425 participants aged 18-25 years (82.5% female) from the community, followed between May 2021 and January 2022 over 3 time points-of which 263 participants (61.9%) completed at least 2. Digital media use was self-reported as time spent daily on TV and streaming platforms, social media, and video games over the past 3 months. Psychotic experiences in the past 3 months were measured with the 15-item Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences. Associations between digital media use and psychotic experiences were estimated using a random-intercept cross-lagged panel model. RESULTS On average, individuals who reported greater digital media use also reported higher levels of psychotic experiences (r = 0.34, 95% CI 0.15, 0.53). However, a person's variation in digital media use, relative to their personal average, was not significantly associated with subsequent variations in their levels of psychotic experiences, or vice-versa. Results were similar across TV/streaming, social media and video game use, and after adjusting for age, sex, education, sleep, physical activity, and cannabis use. CONCLUSION Individuals with a tendency for higher levels of digital media use also had a tendency for higher levels of psychotic experiences. Understanding this association may help personalize mental health interventions for people with psychotic experiences, which may be offered digitally to promote their accessibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Paquin
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Ludmer Research and Training Building, 1033 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, QC, H3A 1A1, Canada.
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Frederick L Philippe
- Department of Psychology, University of Quebec in Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Holly Shannon
- The Royal's Institute of Mental Health Research and Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Synthia Guimond
- The Royal's Institute of Mental Health Research and Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychoeducation and Psychology, University of Quebec in Outaouais, Gatineau, QC, Canada
| | - Isabelle Ouellet-Morin
- School of Criminology, University of Montreal, and Research Center of the Montreal Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Marie-Claude Geoffroy
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Ludmer Research and Training Building, 1033 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, QC, H3A 1A1, Canada
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Keerthigha C, Singh S, Chan KQ, Caltabiano N. Helicopter parenting through the lens of reddit: A text mining study. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20970. [PMID: 37886774 PMCID: PMC10597765 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to understand Reddit users' experience with helicopter parenting through first-hand accounts. Text mining and natural language processing techniques were employed to extract data from the subreddit r/helicopterparents. A total of 713 original posts were processed from unstructured texts to tidy formats. Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA), a popular topic modeling method, was used to discover hidden themes within the corpus. The data revealed common environmental contexts of helicopter parenting (i.e., school, college, work, and home) and its implication on college decisions, privacy, and social relationships. These collectively suggested the importance of autonomy-supportive parenting and mindfulness interventions as viable solutions to the problems posed by helicopter parenting. In addition, findings lent support to past research that has identified more maternal than paternal models of helicopter parenting. Further research on the implications of the COVID-19 pandemic on helicopter parenting is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Keerthigha
- School of Social and Health Sciences, James Cook University, Singapore
| | - Smita Singh
- School of Social and Health Sciences, James Cook University, Singapore
| | - Kai Qin Chan
- School of Social and Health Sciences, James Cook University, Singapore
| | - Nerina Caltabiano
- College of Healthcare Sciences, James Cook University, Cairns, Australia
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Hegazi O, Alalalmeh S, Alfaresi A, Dashtinezhad S, Bahada A, Shahwan M, Jairoun AA, Babalola TK, Yasin H. Development, Validation, and Utilization of a Social Media Use and Mental Health Questionnaire among Middle Eastern and Western Adults: A Pilot Study from the UAE. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:16063. [PMID: 36498139 PMCID: PMC9736958 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192316063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to develop and validate a mental health stigma measurement tool for use within the social media context, utilizing the tool to assess whether the stigma shown in face-to-face interactions translates to social media, coupled with comparing whether social media use can cause the stigma among a sample of Middle Eastern and Western populations. METHODS The development and validation phase comprised a systematic process that was used to develop an assessment tool that could be used within the social media context and establish its validity and reliability. A 5-point Likert-type scale (1 = strongly disagree to 5 = strongly agree) was developed to assess mental health stigma. The anonymous questionnaire was distributed from June 2022 to August 2022 on various social media platforms and groups predominated by the two demographics of interest, enrolling 1328 participants (with only 1001 responses deemed valid). The utilization phase consisted of bivariate and multivariable analysis of the data. The cutoff points for low, medium, and high scores were the 25th, 50th, and 75th percentil, respectively. RESULTS The instrument comprised three dimensions: acceptance, intolerance, and digital care sentiment. In the Middle Eastern subset of participants, a higher score of intolerance (more stigma) toward mental illness was found in 72.4% of the participants, with a higher score of acceptance being 35.1% and of digital care sentiment being 46.4%. The mean scores for all the scales were as follows: intolerance (3.08 ± 0.64), acceptance (3.87 ± 0.71), and digital care sentiment (3.18 ± 0.69). For Westerners, a higher score of intolerance toward mental illness was found in 24.0% of the participants, with a higher score of acceptance being 56.8% and of digital care sentiment being 38.2%. The mean scores for all the scales were as follows: intolerance (2.28 ± 0.73), acceptance (4.21 ± 0.61), and digital care sentiment (3.08 ± 0.62). Various results were obtained regarding the effect of individual social media platforms on the different subscales. CONCLUSIONS Stigma does follow people on social media, whether they are Middle Easterners or Westerners, although to varying degrees. The results of social media interaction and activity varied based on the group that used them, with some having an impact on one group but not the other. For these reasons, proper guidance is advised when utilizing and interacting with social media platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Hegazi
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates
| | - Samer Alalalmeh
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ahmad Alfaresi
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates
| | - Soheil Dashtinezhad
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ahmed Bahada
- College of Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Moyad Shahwan
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates
- Centre of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Tesleem K. Babalola
- Program in Public Health, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Haya Yasin
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates
- Centre of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates
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Rothschild N, Aharony N. Motivations for sharing personal information and self-disclosure in public and private Facebook groups of mentally ill people. ASLIB J INFORM MANAG 2022. [DOI: 10.1108/ajim-02-2022-0063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
PurposeThis study explores the motivations for sharing personal information and self-disclosure by mentally ill people in public and private Facebook groups. The purpose of the self-disclosure comparison between public and private groups is to understand how mentally ill people use different kinds of online communication channels in order to advance their goals and needs concerning their illness.Design/methodology/approachThe study was carried out using questionnaires distributed in Facebook groups for people with mental illnesses. A total of 123 full and valid questionnaires were received. Statistical analysis was performed on the data.FindingsFindings revealed that there are no significant differences between public and private groups concerning motivations for self-disclosure and that both types of groups create a safe and supportive place for mentally ill people. However, findings suggest that participants in public groups tend to display higher social involvement than those who participate in private groups.Originality/valueThis is a path breaking study on the entire subject of discourse of people with mental illnesses in private Facebook groups and its importance is derived from this. The study clarified and emphasized the importance of the sense of belonging to a community. Moreover, findings encourage people with mental illnesses to make use of social media channels to meet their social and personal needs.
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Effectiveness of personal recovery facilitators in adults with schizophrenia and other psychoses: A systematic review of reviews and narrative synthesis. Schizophr Res 2022; 246:132-147. [PMID: 35777151 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2022.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
This review aimed to examine the evidence base for the use of personal recovery facilitators [non-psychopharmacological approaches] for adults with a diagnosis of schizophrenia and other psychoses. A systematic review (umbrella review) was conducted of reviews published in English between January 2010 and February 2022, which examined the effectiveness of personal recovery facilitators to support aspects of personal recovery as defined by the CHIME framework (connectedness, hope and optimism, identity, meaning and purpose, and empowerment). Twenty-one systematic reviews on thirteen different types of personal recovery facilitators [PRFs] were included in this umbrella review. Only one review sought to directly measure personal recovery processes according to the CHIME framework. Outcome measures mostly aligned with the processes of hope (21 reviews) and connectedness (19 reviews). Those related to empowerment (2 reviews), identity (5 reviews) and meaning and purpose (1 review) were less frequently the focus of PRFs. Yoga and music therapy showed the most promise as PRFs. Vocational treatments and integrated supported employment show good potential as personal recovery facilitators. However, together with narrative photovoice, art making and exhibition, they require further robust research to fully examine their impact. Personal recovery is only beginning to be considered as an intended outcome of interventions for persons with schizophrenia and other psychoses. This may be due in part to the continued predominance of the biomedical model approach to recovery within statutory services. Future evaluations of PRFs should include outcome measures that directly assess personal recovery according to the CHIME framework or other measures developed in consultation with recipients of these approaches. Review registration number and date: PROSPERO 2020 CRD42020215471: 10/11/20.
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Giacco D. Tackling social isolation in people with psychosis: promising developments but need for conceptual clarity. J Ment Health 2022; 31:297-301. [PMID: 35599584 DOI: 10.1080/09638237.2022.2069725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Giacco
- Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
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11
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Žaja N, Vukojević J, Žarko T, Marelić M, Vidović D, Vukušić Rukavina T. Internet Use among Patients with Schizophrenia and Depression. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19095695. [PMID: 35565091 PMCID: PMC9104824 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19095695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background: The high and increasing prevalence of internet use in the general population and the significant burden of depression and schizophrenia urge us to investigate the patterns of internet use among patients with these illnesses. The aim of this study is to assess internet use and mental health-related internet use among patients suffering from schizophrenia and depression. Methods: A total of 104 patients with psychosis and 105 patients with depression were surveyed to assess their internet use and mental health-related internet use. Results: The majority of participants were internet users (87.6%), with 66.7% of internet users with psychosis and 71.4% of internet users with depression using it as a source of information on mental health. Participants with psychosis significantly more attributed the internet and mental health internet forums as helpful in coping with their mental illness and were more interested in the utilization of online mental health services than participants with depression. Conclusions: General internet use in patients with schizophrenia and depression corresponds with the internet use of the general population; however, they use it more often as a source of health information than the general population. Mental health service providers should offer more online interventions and treatment programs to patients with psychosis and depression, as our study suggests there is an unmet need for online mental health services for such patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikola Žaja
- University Psychiatric Hospital Vrapče, Bolnička cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (N.Ž.); (J.V.); (T.Ž.); (D.V.)
| | - Jakša Vukojević
- University Psychiatric Hospital Vrapče, Bolnička cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (N.Ž.); (J.V.); (T.Ž.); (D.V.)
| | - Tvrtko Žarko
- University Psychiatric Hospital Vrapče, Bolnička cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (N.Ž.); (J.V.); (T.Ž.); (D.V.)
| | - Marko Marelić
- Andrija Štampar School of Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Rockefellerova ulica 4, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Domagoj Vidović
- University Psychiatric Hospital Vrapče, Bolnička cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (N.Ž.); (J.V.); (T.Ž.); (D.V.)
| | - Tea Vukušić Rukavina
- Andrija Štampar School of Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Rockefellerova ulica 4, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +385-1459-0100
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Zimmermann BM, Willem T, Bredthauer CJ, Buyx A. Ethical Issues in Social Media Recruitment for Clinical Studies: Ethical Analysis and Framework. J Med Internet Res 2022; 24:e31231. [PMID: 35503247 PMCID: PMC9115665 DOI: 10.2196/31231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social media recruitment for clinical studies holds the promise of being a cost-effective way of attracting traditionally marginalized populations and promoting patient engagement with researchers and a particular study. However, using social media for recruiting clinical study participants also poses a range of ethical issues. OBJECTIVE This study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the ethical benefits and risks to be considered for social media recruitment in clinical studies and develop practical recommendations on how to implement these considerations. METHODS On the basis of established principles of clinical ethics and research ethics, we reviewed the conceptual and empirical literature for ethical benefits and challenges related to social media recruitment. From these, we derived a conceptual framework to evaluate the eligibility of social media use for recruitment for a specific clinical study. RESULTS We identified three eligibility criteria for social media recruitment for clinical studies: information and consent, risks for target groups, and recruitment effectiveness. These criteria can be used to evaluate the implementation of a social media recruitment strategy at its planning stage. We have discussed the practical implications of these criteria for researchers. CONCLUSIONS The ethical challenges related to social media recruitment are context sensitive. Therefore, social media recruitment should be planned rigorously, taking into account the target group, the appropriateness of social media as a recruitment channel, and the resources available to execute the strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina M Zimmermann
- Institute of History and Ethics in Medicine, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Institute for Biomedical Ethics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Theresa Willem
- Institute of History and Ethics in Medicine, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Science, Technology and Society, School of Social Sciences and Technology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Carl Justus Bredthauer
- Institute of History and Ethics in Medicine, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Alena Buyx
- Institute of History and Ethics in Medicine, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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Social Media and Social Support: A Framework for Patient Satisfaction in Healthcare. INFORMATICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/informatics9010022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Social media has been a powerful source of social support for health consumers. In the healthcare sector, social media has thrived, building on various dynamic platforms supporting the connection between social relationships, health, and wellbeing. While prior research has shown that social support exerts a positive impact on health outcomes, there is scant literature examining the implications of social support for patient satisfaction, which suggests that there is a profound gap in the extant literature. The objective of this study is to develop and test a theoretical model for understanding the relationship between different dimensions of social support and patient empowerment. The study further investigates the debated relationship between patient empowerment and patient satisfaction. The measurement model indicated an acceptable fit (χ2 = 260.226; df, 107, χ2/df = 2.432, RMSEA = 0.07, GFI = 0.90, IFI = 0.95, TLI = 0.94, and CFI = 0.95). Findings indicate that emotional support (p < 0.001), information support (p < 0.05), and network support (p < 0.001) positively influence the notion of patient empowerment. In turn, patient empowerment positively influences patient satisfaction (p < 0.001). The proposed framework contributes to the health communication literature by introducing a novel framework for patient satisfaction in the social media context, which provides important inputs for healthcare service providers in developing patient empowerment strategies.
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Hussenoeder FS. The bright side of social network sites: On the potential of online social capital for mental health. Digit Health 2022; 8:20552076221093133. [PMID: 35433022 PMCID: PMC9008848 DOI: 10.1177/20552076221093133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Social network sites are an essential part of the daily lives of people around the globe,
but our theoretical understanding of the phenomenon is still limited. However, to fully
grasp the potential of social network sites and to be able to generate meaningful
applications, a theoretical understanding of the phenomenon is needed. I want to introduce
the concept of online social capital as the first step in this direction, and show how it
could be applied to the area of mental health. Therefore, I will (1) bring together social
network sites and social capital theory, (2) introduce online social capital with a
special focus on its capacity and mobilization as well as on associated processes of
relationship maintenance and information search, (3) explore potential implications for
mental health promotion, (4) depict the mental health risks that are associated with the
use of social network sites, and (5) highlight some areas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix S Hussenoeder
- Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
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Naslund JA, Deng D. Addressing Mental Health Stigma in Low-Income and Middle-Income Countries: A New Frontier for Digital Mental Health. ETHICS, MEDICINE, AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 19:100719. [PMID: 35083375 PMCID: PMC8786211 DOI: 10.1016/j.jemep.2021.100719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mental health stigma is a major barrier to seeking help, and leads to poor quality of life and social withdrawal for individuals living with mental illness. These concerns are especially severe in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) that face a disproportionate share of the global burden of mental illnesses. With growing access to digital technologies in LMICs, there may be new opportunities to address mental health stigma. This review considers the potential for emerging digital technologies to advance efforts to challenge mental health stigma in LMICs. METHODS Promising digital strategies to reduce mental health stigma were identified through searching the peer-reviewed literature. Drawing from the Mental Illness Stigma Framework, these studies of digital strategies were grouped into three categories: 1) protest; 2) education, and 3) contact. RESULTS These three categories align with established stigma reduction programs. Digital strategies could expand the reach of or complement existing efforts. There are challenges with digital stigma reduction strategies, including the need for cultural adaptation of these programs to diverse contexts and settings, consideration of reliable measurement of mental health related stigma, and risks that digital media could perpetuate the spread of misinformation and exacerbate concerns pertaining to mental health stigma. CONCLUSION This review highlights the promise of technology for addressing mental health stigma in LMICs. This is imperative in the face of growing demand for mental health services owing to the economic and social impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, and the increasing reliance on digital platforms among individuals in most countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A. Naslund
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Davy Deng
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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Rothschild N, Aharony N. Self-disclosure in public and private groups of people with mental illnesses in Facebook. ONLINE INFORMATION REVIEW 2021. [DOI: 10.1108/oir-04-2021-0212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PurposeThe Internet enables various voices and opinions that previously did not participate in the community discourse to express themselves. People with mental illnesses make use of social networks to advance their special needs in varied ways. The study aims to examine the nature of the discourse that takes place in public and private groups of people with mental illnesses.Design/methodology/approachThe research corpus consisted of the content of 615 messages taken from public and private groups of people with mental illnesses in Facebook. Linguistic parameters (the total number of words, the number of words in the first person) were examined for each message. Two skilled judges classified the messages on a self-disclosure scale to determine the degree of disclosure of personal information, thoughts and emotions.FindingsThe results of the study indicate that the messages published in public groups are longer than the messages in private groups; however, the level of personal disclosure in messages written in private groups is deeper than in messages written in public groups. In addition, the level of self-disclosure in opening posts was found to be greater than the level of self-disclosure in comments.Practical implicationsIn the study, the authors focus on the ways people in excluded populations make use of virtual tools to advance both their personal and social needs.Originality/valueThe study is innovative, as it explores the discourse of people with mental illnesses in public and private groups on Facebook.
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Shpigelman CN, Tal A, Zisman-Ilani Y. Digital Community Inclusion of Individuals With Serious Mental Illness: A National Survey to Map Digital Technology Use and Community Participation Patterns in the Digital Era. JMIR Ment Health 2021; 8:e28123. [PMID: 34546177 PMCID: PMC8493452 DOI: 10.2196/28123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the growing interest in developing and using mobile health (mHealth) and digital technologies in mental health, little is known about the scope and nature of virtual community inclusion. OBJECTIVE The overarching goal of this study was to understand and conceptualize virtual community inclusion of individuals with serious mental illness (SMI). Specific objectives of this study were as follows: (1) mapping the prevalence, trends, and experiences related to mHealth and digital technology use among individuals with SMI; (2) comparing patterns of technology use by individuals with and those without SMI; and (3) examining whether use of mHealth and digital technologies predicts recovery among individuals with SMI. METHODS A web-based survey of technology use and virtual participation was developed and distributed among adults with and those without SMI via social media, national email discussion lists, nonprofit organizations, and advocacy groups. RESULTS A total of 381 adults aged 18 years or older participated in the survey, of whom 199 (52%) identified as having a SMI. Participants with SMI reported significantly greater access to technology and significantly fewer days of face-to-face participation in community activities than those without SMI. Among participants with SMI, greater technology use was positively associated with positive emotions and significantly predicted recovery. CONCLUSIONS This study is the first to explore, map, and conceptualize virtual community inclusion among adults with SMI. Our findings indicate a gap in the literature and research on community inclusion and participation, and emphasize the need for virtual community inclusion, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic and its future implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmit Noa Shpigelman
- Department of Community Mental Health, Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Amir Tal
- Beit Ekstein, Danel Group, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yaara Zisman-Ilani
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, College of Public Health, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Singh SP, Mohan M, Giacco D. Psychosocial interventions for people with a first episode psychosis: between tradition and innovation. Curr Opin Psychiatry 2021; 34:460-466. [PMID: 34282104 DOI: 10.1097/yco.0000000000000726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Assessing recent evidence on psychosocial interventions for people with first episode psychosis (FEP). RECENT FINDINGS Family interventions (FI) reduce relapse rates, whilst cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) shows a moderate effect in improving positive psychotic symptoms. Vocational interventions (VI) appear to be worthy of implementation within early intervention for psychosis (EIP) teams, but it is still unclear what is the most cost-effective strategy for their delivery. Promising interventions, which need more careful evaluation, focus on substance misuse, physical health comorbidities, improvement of social participation, peer support and the potential of new technologies. SUMMARY The first five years after the onset of psychotic symptoms are a 'critical period' in which psychosocial interventions can be particularly influential in determining prognosis. Traditional EIP interventions have different effectiveness profiles, i.e., FI reduce relapse rates, CBT has a moderate effectiveness on overall and positive symptoms and VI can improve educational and employment-related functioning. Newer interventions show promise on important targets for FEP treatment but require higher-quality evaluations. Decisions on which interventions to implement within EIP teams should be informed by high-quality evidence, but difficult choices will have to be made based on costs, professionals and technologies available, and local priorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swaran P Singh
- Division of Mental Health & Wellbeing, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick
- Coventry and Warwickshire Partnership Trust, Coventry, UK
| | - Mohapradeep Mohan
- Division of Mental Health & Wellbeing, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick
| | - Domenico Giacco
- Division of Mental Health & Wellbeing, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick
- Coventry and Warwickshire Partnership Trust, Coventry, UK
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Slade M, Rennick-Egglestone S, Llewellyn-Beardsley J, Yeo C, Roe J, Bailey S, Smith RA, Booth S, Harrison J, Bhogal A, Penas Morán P, Hui A, Quadri D, Robinson C, Smuk M, Farkas M, Davidson L, van der Krieke L, Slade E, Bond C, Nicholson J, Grundy A, Charles A, Hare-Duke L, Pollock K, Ng F. Recorded Mental Health Recovery Narratives as a Resource for People Affected by Mental Health Problems: Development of the Narrative Experiences Online (NEON) Intervention. JMIR Form Res 2021; 5:e24417. [PMID: 34042595 PMCID: PMC8193481 DOI: 10.2196/24417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The internet enables sharing of narratives about health concerns on a substantial scale, and some digital health narratives have been integrated into digital health interventions. Narratives describing recovery from health problems are a focus of research, including those presented in recorded (eg, invariant) form. No clinical trial has been conducted on a web-based intervention providing access to a collection of Recorded Recovery Narratives (RRNs). OBJECTIVE This study presents knowledge produced through the development of the Narrative Experiences Online (NEON) Intervention, a web-based intervention incorporating the algorithmic recommendation of RRNs. METHODS Knowledge was gathered through knowledge integration (KI) activities. KI1 synthesized previous studies to produce the NEON Impact Model describing how accessing RRNs produces health-related outcomes. KI2 developed curation principles for the NEON Collection of RRNs through consultation with the NEON Lived Experience Advisory Panel and the curation of a preliminary collection. KI3 identified harm minimization strategies for the NEON Intervention through consultation with the NEON International Advisory Board and Lived Experience Advisory Panel. The NEON Intervention was finalized through 2 research studies (RS). In RS1, mental health service users (N=40) rated the immediate impact of randomly presented narratives to validate narrative feedback questions used to inform the recommendation algorithm. In RS2, mental health service users (n=25) were interviewed about their immediate response to a prototype of the NEON Intervention and trial procedures and then were interviewed again after 1 month of use. The usability and acceptability of the prototype and trial procedures were evaluated and refinements were made. RESULTS KI1 produced the NEON Impact Model, which identifies moderators (recipient and context), mechanisms of connection (reflection, comparison, learning, and empathy), processes (identification of change from narrative structure or content and internalization of observed change), and outcomes (helpful and unhelpful). KI2 identified 22 curation principles, including a mission to build a large, heterogeneous collection to maximize opportunities for connection. KI3 identified seven harm minimization strategies, including content warnings, proactive and reactive blocking of narratives, and providing resources for the self-management of emotional distress. RS1 found variation in the impact of narratives on different participants, indicating that participant-level feedback on individual narratives is needed to inform a recommender system. The order of presentation did not predict narrative feedback. RS2 identified amendments to web-based trial procedures and the NEON Intervention. Participants accessed some narratives multiple times, use reduced over the 4-week period, and narrative feedback was provided for 31.8% (105/330) of narrative accesses. CONCLUSIONS RRNs can be integrated into web-based interventions. Evaluating the NEON Intervention in a clinical trial is feasible. The mixed methods design for developing the NEON Intervention can guide its extension to other clinical populations, the design of other web-based mental health interventions, and the development of narrative-based interventions in mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike Slade
- School of Health Sciences, Institute of Mental Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Stefan Rennick-Egglestone
- School of Health Sciences, Institute of Mental Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Joy Llewellyn-Beardsley
- School of Health Sciences, Institute of Mental Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline Yeo
- School of Health Sciences, Institute of Mental Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - James Roe
- National Institute for Health Research, ARC East Midlands, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Sylvia Bailey
- NEON Lived Experience Advisory Panel, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | | | - Susie Booth
- NEON Lived Experience Advisory Panel, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Julian Harrison
- NEON Lived Experience Advisory Panel, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Adaresh Bhogal
- NEON Lived Experience Advisory Panel, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Patricia Penas Morán
- Department of Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatment, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Ada Hui
- School of Health Sciences, Institute of Mental Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Dania Quadri
- GKT School of Medical Education, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Clare Robinson
- Centre for Primary Care & Public Health, Pragmatic Clinical Trials Unit, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Melanie Smuk
- Department of Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marianne Farkas
- College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Larry Davidson
- Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Lian van der Krieke
- University Medical Center Groningen, University Center of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Emily Slade
- Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Carmel Bond
- Nottingham University Business School, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Joe Nicholson
- School of Humanities, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Grundy
- School of Health Sciences, Institute of Mental Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ashleigh Charles
- School of Health Sciences, Institute of Mental Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Laurie Hare-Duke
- School of Health Sciences, Institute of Mental Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Kristian Pollock
- School of Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona Ng
- School of Health Sciences, Institute of Mental Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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Zhao J, Han H, Zhong B, Xie W, Chen Y, Zhi M. Health information on social media helps mitigate Crohn's disease symptoms and improves patients' clinical course. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2020.106588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Prescott J, Rathbone AL, Brown G. Online peer to peer support: Qualitative analysis of UK and US open mental health Facebook groups. Digit Health 2020; 6:2055207620979209. [PMID: 33354335 PMCID: PMC7734541 DOI: 10.1177/2055207620979209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This research aimed to gain further understanding of how open Facebook groups are used for online peer to peer support and identify any similarities and/or differences between UK and US groups. Method A systematic search of mental health related open Facebook groups was conducted using relevant key words. The posts from 14 UK and 11 US groups were acquired over a three month period and content thematically analysed using Nvivo. Results Findings support previous research which evidences that online peer to peer support is beneficial for users seeking mental health information. Said support can increase feelings of connectedness, reduce feelings of isolation, and provide a platform for comparison of perspectives relating to personal experiences. Group membership may offer hope and increase feelings of empowerment in those using Facebook groups as a support mechanism. There was similar discourse seen throughout both UK and US posts in regards to gender inequality, lack of awareness and stigmatisation. Conclusions The study highlights the positive impact of shared personal experiences, and offers a greater understanding of the benefits of online peer to peer support for mental health and wellbeing. There is evidence that, whilst mental health is becoming a more widely discussed topic, in both the UK and US, it remains negatively perceived. Questions are posed for group administrators and health professionals relating to their utilisation and moderation of such online peer to peer support networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Prescott
- School of Education and Psychology, University of Bolton, Bolton, UK
| | | | - Gill Brown
- School of Education and Psychology, University of Bolton, Bolton, UK
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Naslund JA, Bondre A, Torous J, Aschbrenner KA. Social Media and Mental Health: Benefits, Risks, and Opportunities for Research and Practice. JOURNAL OF TECHNOLOGY IN BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE 2020; 5:245-257. [PMID: 33415185 PMCID: PMC7785056 DOI: 10.1007/s41347-020-00134-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Social media platforms are popular venues for sharing personal experiences, seeking information, and offering peer-to-peer support among individuals living with mental illness. With significant shortfalls in the availability, quality, and reach of evidence-based mental health services across the United States and globally, social media platforms may afford new opportunities to bridge this gap. However, caution is warranted, as numerous studies highlight risks of social media use for mental health. In this commentary, we consider the role of social media as a potentially viable intervention platform for offering support to persons with mental disorders, promoting engagement and retention in care, and enhancing existing mental health services. Specifically, we summarize current research on the use of social media among mental health service users, and early efforts using social media for the delivery of evidence-based programs. We also review the risks, potential harms, and necessary safety precautions with using social media for mental health. To conclude, we explore opportunities using data science and machine learning, for example by leveraging social media for detecting mental disorders and developing predictive models aimed at characterizing the aetiology and progression of mental disorders. These various efforts using social media, as summarized in this commentary, hold promise for improving the lives of individuals living with mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A. Naslund
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | - John Torous
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
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Rennick-Egglestone S, Elliott R, Smuk M, Robinson C, Bailey S, Smith R, Keppens J, Hussain H, Pollock K, Cuijpers P, Llewellyn-Beardsley J, Ng F, Yeo C, Roe J, Hui A, van der Krieke L, Walcott R, Slade M. Impact of receiving recorded mental health recovery narratives on quality of life in people experiencing psychosis, people experiencing other mental health problems and for informal carers: Narrative Experiences Online (NEON) study protocol for three randomised controlled trials. Trials 2020; 21:661. [PMID: 32690105 PMCID: PMC7370499 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-020-04428-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mental health recovery narratives have been defined as first-person lived experience accounts of recovery from mental health problems which refer to events or actions over a period of time and which include elements of adversity or struggle, and also self-defined strengths, successes or survival. They are readily available in invariant recorded form, including text, audio or video. Previous studies have provided evidence that receiving recorded recovery narratives can provide benefits to recipients. This protocol describes three pragmatic trials that will be conducted by the Narrative Experiences Online (NEON) study using the NEON Intervention, a web application that delivers recorded recovery narratives to its users. The aim of the NEON Trial is to understand whether receiving online recorded recovery narratives through the NEON Intervention benefits people with experience of psychosis. The aim of the NEON-O and NEON-C trials is to evaluate the feasibility of conducting a definitive trial on the use of the NEON Intervention with people experiencing non-psychosis mental health problems and those who care for others experiencing mental health problems respectively. METHODS The NEON Trial will recruit 683 participants with experience of psychosis. The NEON-O Trial will recruit at least 100 participants with experience of non-psychosis mental health problems. The NEON-C Trial will recruit at least 100 participants with experience of caring for others who have experienced mental health problems. In all three trials, participants will be randomly allocated into one of two arms. Intervention arm participants will receive treatment as usual plus immediate access to the NEON Intervention for 1 year. Control arm participants will receive treatment as usual plus access to the NEON Intervention after 1 year. All participants will complete demographics and outcome measures at baseline, 1 week, 12 weeks and 52 weeks. For the NEON Trial, the primary outcome measure is the Manchester Short Assessment of Quality of Life at 52 weeks, and secondary outcome measures are the CORE-10, Herth Hope Index, Mental Health Confidence Scale and Meaning in Life Questionnaire. A cost-effectiveness analysis will be conducted using data collected through the EQ-5D-5 L and the Client Service Receipt Inventory. DISCUSSION NEON Trial analyses will establish both effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of the NEON Intervention for people with experience of psychosis, and hence inform future clinical recommendations for this population. TRIAL REGISTRATION All trials were prospectively registered with ISRCTN. NEON Trial: ISRCTN11152837 . Registered on 13 August 2018. NEON-C Trial: ISRCTN76355273 . Registered on 9 January 2020. NEON-O Trial: ISRCTN63197153 . Registered on 9 January 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Rennick-Egglestone
- School of Health Sciences, Institute of Mental Health, University of Nottingham Innovation Park, Triumph Road, Nottingham, NG7 2TU, UK.
| | - Rachel Elliott
- Division of Population Health, Health Services Research & Primary Care, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Melanie Smuk
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel St, Bloomsbury, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Clare Robinson
- Centre for Primary Care & Public Health, Pragmatic Clinical Trials Unit, Queen Mary University of London, 58 Turner St, London, E1 2AB, UK
| | - Sylvia Bailey
- NEON Lived Experience Advisory Panel, Nottingham, UK
| | - Roger Smith
- NEON Lived Experience Advisory Panel, Nottingham, UK
| | - Jeroen Keppens
- Department of Informatics, King's College London, Bush House, 30 Aldwych, London, WC2B 4BG, UK
| | - Hannah Hussain
- Division of Population Health, Health Services Research & Primary Care, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Kristian Pollock
- School of Health Sciences, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Pim Cuijpers
- Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Joy Llewellyn-Beardsley
- School of Health Sciences, Institute of Mental Health, University of Nottingham Innovation Park, Triumph Road, Nottingham, NG7 2TU, UK
| | - Fiona Ng
- School of Health Sciences, Institute of Mental Health, University of Nottingham Innovation Park, Triumph Road, Nottingham, NG7 2TU, UK
| | - Caroline Yeo
- School of Health Sciences, Institute of Mental Health, University of Nottingham Innovation Park, Triumph Road, Nottingham, NG7 2TU, UK
| | - James Roe
- National Institute for Health Research, ARC East Midlands, University of Nottingham, Triumph Road, Nottingham, NG7 2TU, UK
| | - Ada Hui
- School of Health Sciences, Institute of Mental Health, University of Nottingham Innovation Park, Triumph Road, Nottingham, NG7 2TU, UK
| | - Lian van der Krieke
- University Medical Center Groningen, University Center of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, Groningen, 9713 GZ, The Netherlands
| | - Rianna Walcott
- Department of Digital Humanities, King's College London, Strand, London, WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Mike Slade
- School of Health Sciences, Institute of Mental Health, University of Nottingham Innovation Park, Triumph Road, Nottingham, NG7 2TU, UK
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Shalaby RAH, Agyapong VIO. Peer Support in Mental Health: Literature Review. JMIR Ment Health 2020; 7:e15572. [PMID: 32357127 PMCID: PMC7312261 DOI: 10.2196/15572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A growing gap has emerged between people with mental illness and health care professionals, which in recent years has been successfully closed through the adoption of peer support services (PSSs). Peer support in mental health has been variously defined in the literature and is simply known as the help and support that people with lived experience of mental illness or a learning disability can give to one another. Although PSSs date back to several centuries, it is only in the last few decades that these services have formally evolved, grown, and become an integral part of the health care system. Debates around peer support in mental health have been raised frequently in the literature. Although many authors have emphasized the utmost importance of incorporating peer support into the health care system to instill hope; to improve engagement, quality of life, self-confidence, and integrity; and to reduce the burden on the health care system, other studies suggest that there are neutral effects from integrating PSSs into health care systems, with a probable waste of resources. OBJECTIVE In this general review, we aimed to examine the literature, exploring the evolution, growth, types, function, generating tools, evaluation, challenges, and the effect of PSSs in the field of mental health and addiction. In addition, we aimed to describe PSSs in different, nonexhaustive contexts, as shown in the literature, that aims to draw attention to the proposed values of PSSs in such fields. METHODS The review was conducted through a general search of the literature on MEDLINE, Google Scholar, EMBASE, Scopus, Chemical Abstracts, and PsycINFO. Search terms included peer support, peer support in mental health, social support, peer, family support, and integrated care. RESULTS There is abundant literature defining and describing PSSs in different contexts as well as tracking their origins. Two main transformational concepts have been described, namely, intentional peer support and transformation from patients to peer support providers. The effects of PSSs are extensive and integrated into different fields, such as forensic PSSs, addiction, and mental health, and in different age groups and mental health condition severity. Satisfaction of and challenges to PSS integration have been clearly dependent on a number of factors and consequently impact the future prospect of this workforce. CONCLUSIONS There is an internationally growing trend to adopt PSSs within addiction and mental health services, and despite the ongoing challenges, large sections of the current literature support the inclusion of peer support workers in the mental health care workforce. The feasibility and maintenance of a robust PSS in health care would only be possible through collaborative efforts and ongoing support and engagement from all health care practitioners, managers, and other stakeholders.
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Strand M, Eng LS, Gammon D. Combining online and offline peer support groups in community mental health care settings: a qualitative study of service users' experiences. Int J Ment Health Syst 2020; 14:39. [PMID: 32514303 PMCID: PMC7260836 DOI: 10.1186/s13033-020-00370-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Peer support for people with long-term mental health problems is central to recovery-oriented approaches in mental health care. Peer support has traditionally been conducted offline in face-to-face groups, while online groups on the Internet have increased rapidly. Offline and online peer support groups are shown to have differing strengths and weaknesses. However, little is known about how combining the two formats might be experienced by service users, which this paper aims to illuminate. Methods In this exploratory and descriptive study, a recovery-oriented Internet-based portal called ReConnect was used by service users in two mental health communities in Norway for 6–12 months. The portal included an online peer support group which also facilitated participation in local offline peer support groups. Both group formats were moderated by an employed service user consultant. Qualitative data about service users’ experiences were collected through focus groups and individual interviews and inductively analyzed thematically. Results A total of 14 female service users 22–67 years of age with various diagnoses participated in three focus groups and 10 individual interviews. Two main themes were identified: (1) balancing anonymity and openness, and (2) enabling connectedness. These themes are further illustrated with the subthemes: (i) dilemmas of anonymity and confidentiality, (ii) towards self-disclosure and openness, (iii) new friendships, and (iv) networks in the local community. Three of the subthemes mainly describe benefits, while challenges were more implicit and cut across the subthemes. Identified challenges were related to transitions from anonymity online to revealing one’s identity offline, confidentiality, and barriers related to participation in offline peer support groups. Conclusions This study suggests that online and offline peer support groups complement each other, and that combining them is mainly described as beneficial by service users. Identified benefits appeared to arise from service users’ options of one format or the other, or that they could combine formats in ways that suited their individual values and comfort zones. Moderation by a trained service user consultant appeared essential for both formats and can be used systematically to address identified challenges. Combining online and offline peer support groups is a promising concept for facilitating recovery-oriented care and warrants continued research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Strand
- Department of Digital Health Research, Division of Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Mental Health Research and Development, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Drammen, Norway
| | - Lillian Sofie Eng
- Department of Digital Health Research, Division of Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Deede Gammon
- Department of Digital Health Research, Division of Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Norwegian Center for eHealth Research, University Hospital of North-Norway, Tromsö, Norway
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Grossman MJ, Woolridge S, Lichtenstein S, McLaughlin D, Auther AM, Carrión RE, Cornblatt BA, Bowie CR. Patterns and perceptions of face-to-face and digital communication in the clinical high risk and early stages of psychosis. Psychiatry Res 2020; 284:112667. [PMID: 31703984 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2019.112667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Digital communication can mitigate some of the challenges inherent in face-to-face communication; however, it is unclear whether this communication format is preferred among youth with emerging psychosis. Therefore, we examined characteristics of face-to-face and digital communication in youth at clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR; n = 19) or in the first episode of psychosis (FEP; n = 57), as well as age-matched community comparisons (n = 51). Participants completed a 25-item self-report questionnaire to assess between- and within-group differences in the frequency of, satisfaction with, and barriers to face-to-face and digital communication. Compared to controls, both clinical groups endorsed a lower frequency of face-to-face and digital interactions across a range of communication partners. Controls reported higher satisfaction and fewer challenges with both communication formats than CHR and FEP groups. No between-group differences were identified among clinical participants in characteristics of face-to-face and digital interactions. Youth at clinical high risk for, or in the first episode of, psychosis exhibited similar communication patterns and perceptions that significantly diverged from community controls. These findings highlight that reductions in the quality and quantity of social interactions extend to digital contexts, and that both communication formats are relevant clinical targets in the high risk and early stages of psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Grossman
- Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada; Heads Up! Early Intervention in Psychosis Program, Hotel Dieu Hospital, Kingston, ON, Canada; Schizophrenia Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Sidney Lichtenstein
- Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada; Schizophrenia Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Danielle McLaughlin
- Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, NY, United States
| | - Andrea M Auther
- Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, NY, United States
| | - Ricardo E Carrión
- Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, NY, United States
| | - Barbara A Cornblatt
- Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, NY, United States
| | - Christopher R Bowie
- Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada; Heads Up! Early Intervention in Psychosis Program, Hotel Dieu Hospital, Kingston, ON, Canada; Schizophrenia Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Valentine L, McEnery C, D’Alfonso S, Phillips J, Bailey E, Alvarez-Jimenez M. Harnessing the Potential of Social Media to Develop the Next Generation of Digital Health Treatments in Youth Mental Health. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40501-019-00184-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Bjornestad J, Davidson L, Ten Velden Hegelstad W, Stain H, Berg H. Re-thinking social functioning in psychosis. Schizophr Res 2019; 211:93-94. [PMID: 31378554 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2019.07.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jone Bjornestad
- University of Stavanger, Department of Social Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, Stavanger, Norway.
| | | | | | - Helen Stain
- Leeds Trinity University, School of Social and Health Sciences, Leeds, United Kingdom
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Villagonzalo KA, Arnold C, Farhall J, Rossell SL, Foley F, Thomas N. Predictors of overall and mental health-related internet use in adults with psychosis. Psychiatry Res 2019; 278:12-18. [PMID: 31132571 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2019.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
As digital interventions are beginning to be developed to support self-management of psychosis, it is important to understand how illness-related and individual factors may affect internet use and engagement with digital mental health resources among people with psychotic disorders. This study aimed to identify demographic, clinical, and personal variables associated with overall and mental health-related internet use in a sample of 189 adult community mental health service users with nonaffective and affective psychotic disorders. Among participants who regularly used the internet (87.3%), most (67.9%) reported using the internet for mental health information. Higher frequency of overall internet use was predicted by younger age, completion of post-secondary education, and less severe negative symptoms. Internet use for mental health information was predicted by younger age, higher levels of overall internet use, current productive employment, and higher loneliness. This study is the first to quantitatively examine how clinical and personal measures relate to overall and mental health-related internet use in people with psychosis. Although cognitive difficulties and negative symptoms impacted overall internet use, these disorder-related difficulties did not further impact internet use for mental health information. Digital mental health resources should be designed to optimise engagement for this population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chelsea Arnold
- Centre for Mental Health, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
| | - John Farhall
- School of Psychological Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia; NorthWestern Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Susan L Rossell
- Centre for Mental Health, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia; Psychiatry, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Australia
| | - Fiona Foley
- Centre for Mental Health, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Neil Thomas
- Centre for Mental Health, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia; Alfred Health, Melbourne, Australia.
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30
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Bell IH, Alvarez-Jimenez M. Digital Technology to Enhance Clinical Care of Early Psychosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40501-019-00182-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Naslund JA, Aschbrenner KA. Risks to Privacy With Use of Social Media: Understanding the Views of Social Media Users With Serious Mental Illness. Psychiatr Serv 2019; 70:561-568. [PMID: 30947635 PMCID: PMC6602849 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ps.201800520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Social media may afford new opportunities to enhance mental health services; however, privacy risks have received less attention. This study explored privacy risks of using social media for reasons related to mental health from the perspectives of social media users with serious mental illness. METHODS Twitter users who self-identified in their profile as having a serious mental illness participated in an online survey inquiring whether they were ever concerned about risks to their privacy when using social media for anything related to their mental illness. User characteristics were compared between those who were concerned about risks and those who were not. Participants' responses to an open-ended question about privacy risks were analyzed thematically. RESULTS Among 90 respondents who self-identified as having schizophrenia spectrum disorders (40%), bipolar disorder (37%), or major depressive disorder (23%), more than one-third (36%) expressed concerns about privacy risks with using social media. Risks were more frequently reported among respondents with a college degree, compared with those without a college degree, and among respondents who were currently working or in school, compared with those who were not currently working. Thematic analysis of participants' responses to the open-ended question yielded four categories of risk: threats to employment, fear of stigma and being judged, impact on personal relationships, and facing hostility or being hurt. CONCLUSIONS These findings offer preliminary insights about the types of privacy risks that individuals with serious mental illness are concerned about when using social media for their mental health. The findings can inform the safety of future social media interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Naslund
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Naslund); Department of Psychiatry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire (Aschbrenner)
| | - Kelly A Aschbrenner
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Naslund); Department of Psychiatry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire (Aschbrenner)
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Bjornestad J, Hegelstad WTV, Berg H, Davidson L, Joa I, Johannessen JO, Melle I, Stain HJ, Pallesen S. Social Media and Social Functioning in Psychosis: A Systematic Review. J Med Internet Res 2019; 21:e13957. [PMID: 31254338 PMCID: PMC6625220 DOI: 10.2196/13957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with psychosis are heavy consumers of social media. It is unknown to what degree measures of social functioning include measures of online social activity. OBJECTIVE To examine the inclusion of social media activity in measures of social functioning in psychosis and ultrahigh risk (UHR) for psychosis. METHODS Two independent authors conducted a search using the following electronic databases: Epistemonikos, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, MEDLINE, Embase, and PsycINFO. The included articles were required to meet all of the following criteria: (1) an empirical study published in the English language in a peer-reviewed journal; (2) the study included a measure of objective or subjective offline (ie, non-Web-mediated contact) and/or online social functioning (ie, Web-mediated contact); (3) the social functioning measure had to be used in samples meeting criteria (ie, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders or International Classification of Diseases) for a psychotic disorder or UHR for psychosis; and (4) the study was published between January 2004 and February 2019. Facebook was launched as the first large-scale social media platform in 2004 and, therefore, it is highly improbable that studies conducted prior to 2004 would have included measures of social media activity. RESULTS The electronic search resulted in 11,844 distinct articles. Full-text evaluation was conducted on 719 articles, of which 597 articles met inclusion criteria. A total of 58 social functioning measures were identified. With some exceptions, reports on reliability and validity were scarce, and only one measure integrated social media social activity. CONCLUSIONS The ecological validity of social functioning measures is challenged by the lack of assessment of social media activity, as it fails to reflect an important aspect of the current social reality of persons with psychosis. Measures should be revised to include social media activity and thus avoid the clinical consequences of inadequate assessment of social functioning. TRIAL REGISTRATION International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) CRD42017058514; http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?ID=CRD42017058514.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jone Bjornestad
- Department of Social Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
| | | | - Henrik Berg
- Norsk Lærer Akademi, University College, Bergen, Norway
| | - Larry Davidson
- School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
- Institution for Social and Policy Studies, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Inge Joa
- Network for Clinical Research in Psychosis, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
- Network for Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Jan Olav Johannessen
- Network for Clinical Research in Psychosis, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
- Network for Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Ingrid Melle
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Helen J Stain
- School of Social and Health Sciences, Leeds Trinity University, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Ståle Pallesen
- Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Rosenbaum MS, Kim K(K, Ramirez GC, Orejuela AR, Park J. Improving well-being via adaptive reuse: transformative repurposed service organizations. SERVICE INDUSTRIES JOURNAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/02642069.2019.1615897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark S. Rosenbaum
- Department of Retailing, College of Hospitality, Retailing, and Sports Management, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Kathy (Kawon) Kim
- Department of Retailing, College of Hospitality, Retailing, and Sports Management, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | | | | | - Joohyung Park
- Department of Retailing, College of Hospitality, Retailing, and Sports Management, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
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Jakubowska A, Kaselionyte J, Priebe S, Giacco D. Internet Use for Social Interaction by People with Psychosis: A Systematic Review. CYBERPSYCHOLOGY BEHAVIOR AND SOCIAL NETWORKING 2019; 22:336-343. [DOI: 10.1089/cyber.2018.0554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Jakubowska
- Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Justina Kaselionyte
- Unit for Social and Community Psychiatry, WHO Collaborating Centre for Mental Health Service Development, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stefan Priebe
- Unit for Social and Community Psychiatry, WHO Collaborating Centre for Mental Health Service Development, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Domenico Giacco
- Unit for Social and Community Psychiatry, WHO Collaborating Centre for Mental Health Service Development, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
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Yeisen RA, Bjørnestad J, Joa I, Johannessen JO, Opjordsmoen S. Psychiatrists' reflections on a medication-free program for patients with psychosis. J Psychopharmacol 2019; 33:459-465. [PMID: 30676216 DOI: 10.1177/0269881118822048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Based on a collective action from a number of Norwegian user organizations for mental health, the Norwegian government demanded the regional health authorities to establish a medication-free treatment option for patients with severe mental illnesses. This change in governmental health policy has several direct implications, including making antipsychotic medication to a greater extent optional for patients with active psychosis. AIMS The sim of this study was to investigate psychiatrists' reflections on the public medication-free program and how they think it will affect patients' adherence to antipsychotics generally. METHOD We used a thematic analytic approach within an interpretative phenomenological framework. Consecutively semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with 23 psychiatrists (16 female, with 4-35 years of specialist experience). RESULTS Thematic analysis revealed four main interrelated themes. Psychiatrists considered medication-free treatment as an unscientific option for a stigmatized patient group; they believed that the advent of such a program is due to proposals from some dissatisfied users and their supporters and not from the majority of patients; in spite of active psychotic symptoms and lack of insight, patients had a crucial impact on choice of treatment and accordingly on adherence to medication; and psychiatrists reported that they in spite of governmental instructions utilized professionalism against unscientific ideology. CONCLUSIONS Despite all the internal and external pressure that the psychiatrists reported being exposed to, this did not affect their professional integrity in medical decisions based on guidelines, expertise and research studies. They believed that this treatment option would exacerbate negative attitudes towards medication and further worsen already existing adherence issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafal Ah Yeisen
- 1 Stavanger Hospital Pharmacy, Western Norway Pharmaceutical Trust, Stavanger, Norway.,2 Network for Clinical Psychosis Research, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Jone Bjørnestad
- 3 Centre for Alcohol and Drug Research, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Inge Joa
- 2 Network for Clinical Psychosis Research, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway.,4 Faculty of Health Science, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Jan Olav Johannessen
- 2 Network for Clinical Psychosis Research, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway.,4 Faculty of Health Science, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Stein Opjordsmoen
- 2 Network for Clinical Psychosis Research, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway.,5 Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,6 Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Smith-Merry J, Goggin G, Campbell A, McKenzie K, Ridout B, Baylosis C. Social Connection and Online Engagement: Insights From Interviews With Users of a Mental Health Online Forum. JMIR Ment Health 2019; 6:e11084. [PMID: 30912760 PMCID: PMC6454344 DOI: 10.2196/11084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over the past 2 decades, online forums for mental health support have emerged as an important tool for improving mental health and well-being. There has been important research that analyzes the content of forum posts, studies on how and why individuals engage with forums, and how extensively forums are used. However, we still lack insights into key questions on how they are experienced from the perspective of their users, especially those in rural and remote settings. OBJECTIVE The aim of our study was to investigate the dynamics, benefits, and challenges of a generalized peer-to-peer mental health online forum from a user perspective; in particular, to better explore and understand user perspectives on connection, engagement, and support offered in such forums; information and advice they gained; and what issues they encountered. We studied experiences of the forums from the perspective of both people with lived experience of mental illness and people who care for people with mental illness. METHODS To understand the experience of forum users, we devised a qualitative study utilizing semistructured interviews with 17 participants (12 women and 5 men). Data were transcribed, and a thematic analysis was undertaken. RESULTS The study identified 3 key themes: participants experienced considerable social and geographical isolation, which the forums helped to address; participants sought out the forums to find a social connection that was lacking in their everyday lives; and participants used the forums to both find and provide information and practical advice. CONCLUSIONS The study suggests that online peer support provides a critical, ongoing role in providing social connection for people with a lived experience of mental ill-health and their carers, especially for those living in rural and remote areas. Forums may offer a way for individuals to develop their own understanding of recovery through reflecting on the recovery experiences and peer support shown by others and individuals enacting peer support themselves. Key to the success of this online forum was the availability of appropriate moderation, professional support, and advice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Smith-Merry
- Centre for Disability Research and Policy, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Lidcombe, Australia
| | - Gerard Goggin
- Department of Media and Communications, Faculty of Arts and Social Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Andrew Campbell
- Cyberpsychology Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Kirsty McKenzie
- Centre for Disability Research and Policy, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Lidcombe, Australia
| | - Brad Ridout
- Cyberpsychology Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Cherry Baylosis
- Department of Media and Communications, Faculty of Arts and Social Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Barbeito S, Sánchez-Gutiérrez T, Mayoral M, Moreno M, Ríos-Aguilar S, Arango C, Calvo A. Mobile App-Based Intervention for Adolescents With First-Episode Psychosis: Study Protocol for a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:27. [PMID: 30804818 PMCID: PMC6370739 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Previous studies have shown an improvement in the access to treatment for patients with first-episode psychosis (FEP), specifically young patients, through mobile app-based interventions. The aim of this study is to test the effectiveness of a mobile app-based intervention to improve community functioning in adolescents with FEP. Mobile app-based interventions could increase quality of life and disease awareness, which improve adherence to treatment and reduce the frequency of relapses and rehospitalizations in adolescents with FEP. Methods: This article describes a mobile app treatment and the pilot trial protocol for patients with FEP. We will perform a single-blind randomized clinical trial (RCT) including patients with FEP aged 14-19 years recruited from Gregorio Marañón Hospital, Madrid, Spain. Patients will be randomly assigned to an intervention group, which will receive treatment as usual plus five modules of a psychological intervention through the mobile app (psychoeducation, recognition of symptoms and prevention of relapses, problem solving, mindfulness, and contact wall), or to a control group (standard care). The effectiveness of the intervention will be assessed by means of an extensive battery of clinical tests at baseline and at 3 months of follow-up. The primary outcome is reduction in psychotic and depressive symptoms; secondary outcomes comprise adherence, awareness, use of drugs, and quality of life. Data will be analyzed on an intention-to-treat (ITT) basis. Mixed model repeated-measures analysis will be used to explore the following effect: group × time interaction between the control group and the intervention group for clinical and functional variables during the follow-up period. Discussion: This is an innovative study for the assessment of a psychological intervention through a mobile app for patients with FEP during the critical period. This pilot RCT is intended to be a precursor to larger studies, which in turn could facilitate dissemination of mobile app therapy for patients with FEP. Ethics and Dissemination: The local ethics committee approved the study protocol. All participants must sign the informed consent, to participate. After finalizing the study, the results will be published. Trial registration: NCT03161249. NCT clinicaltrials.gov. Date of registration in primary registry 02 May 2017. clinicaltrials.gov.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Barbeito
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Internacional de la Rioja (UNIR), Logroño, Spain
| | | | - María Mayoral
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Moreno
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Internacional de la Rioja (UNIR), Logroño, Spain.,Mental Health Network of Guipuzcoa, Biodonostia, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Sergio Ríos-Aguilar
- School of Engineering and Technology, Universidad Internacional de La Rioja (UNIR), Logroño, Spain
| | - Celso Arango
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Calvo
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Internacional de la Rioja (UNIR), Logroño, Spain
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Hswen Y, Naslund JA, Brownstein JS, Hawkins JB. Online Communication about Depression and Anxiety among Twitter Users with Schizophrenia: Preliminary Findings to Inform a Digital Phenotype Using Social Media. Psychiatr Q 2018; 89:569-580. [PMID: 29327218 PMCID: PMC6043409 DOI: 10.1007/s11126-017-9559-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Digital technologies hold promise for supporting the detection and management of schizophrenia. This exploratory study aimed to generate an initial understanding of whether patterns of communication about depression and anxiety on popular social media among individuals with schizophrenia are consistent with offline representations of the illness. From January to July 2016, posts on Twitter were collected from a sample of Twitter users who self-identify as having a schizophrenia spectrum disorder (n = 203) and a randomly selected sample of control users (n = 173). Frequency and timing of communication about depression and anxiety were compared between groups. In total, the groups posted n = 1,544,122 tweets and users had similar characteristics. Twitter users with schizophrenia showed significantly greater odds of tweeting about depression compared with control users (OR = 2.69; 95% CI 1.76-4.10), and significantly greater odds of tweeting about anxiety compared with control users (OR = 1.81; 95% CI 1.20-2.73). This study offers preliminary insights that Twitter users with schizophrenia may express elevated symptoms of depression and anxiety in their online posts, which is consistent with clinical characteristics of schizophrenia observed in offline settings. Social media platforms could further our understanding of schizophrenia by informing a digital phenotype and may afford new opportunities to support early illness detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Hswen
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA. .,Computational Epidemiology Group, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - John A Naslund
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John S Brownstein
- Computational Epidemiology Group, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jared B Hawkins
- Computational Epidemiology Group, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Biagianti B, Quraishi SH, Schlosser DA. Potential Benefits of Incorporating Peer-to-Peer Interactions Into Digital Interventions for Psychotic Disorders: A Systematic Review. Psychiatr Serv 2018; 69:377-388. [PMID: 29241435 PMCID: PMC5988432 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ps.201700283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Peer-to-peer interactions and support groups mitigate experiences of social isolation and loneliness often reported by individuals with psychotic disorders. Online peer-to-peer communication can promote broader use of this form of social support. Peer-to-peer interactions occur naturally on social media platforms, but they can negatively affect mental health. Recent digital interventions for persons with psychotic disorders have harnessed the principles of social media to incorporate peer-to-peer communication. This review examined the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of recent digital interventions in order to identify strategies to maximize benefits of online peer-to-peer communication for persons with psychotic disorders. METHODS An electronic database search of PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Ovid MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Health Technology Assessment Database was conducted in February 2017 and yielded a total of 1,015 results. Eight publications that reported data from six independent trials and five interventions were reviewed. RESULTS The technology supporting peer-to-peer communication varied greatly across studies, from online forums to embedded social networking. When peer-to-peer interactions were moderated by facilitators, retention, engagement, acceptability, and efficacy were higher than for interventions with no facilitators. Individuals with psychotic disorders were actively engaged with moderated peer-to-peer communication and showed improvements in perceived social support. Studies involving service users in intervention design showed higher rates of acceptability. CONCLUSIONS Individuals with psychotic disorders value and benefit from digital interventions that include moderated peer-to-peer interactions. Incorporating peer-to-peer communication into digital interventions for this population may increase compliance with other evidence-based therapies by producing more acceptable and engaging online environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Biagianti
- The authors are with the Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco. Dr. Biagianti is also with Posit Science Corporation, San Francisco. Dr. Schlosser is also with Verily Life Sciences LLC, Mountain View, California
| | - Sophia H Quraishi
- The authors are with the Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco. Dr. Biagianti is also with Posit Science Corporation, San Francisco. Dr. Schlosser is also with Verily Life Sciences LLC, Mountain View, California
| | - Danielle A Schlosser
- The authors are with the Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco. Dr. Biagianti is also with Posit Science Corporation, San Francisco. Dr. Schlosser is also with Verily Life Sciences LLC, Mountain View, California
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Beyond Social Media: A Cross-Sectional Survey of Other Internet and Mobile Phone Applications in a Community Psychiatry Population. J Psychiatr Pract 2018; 24:127-135. [PMID: 29509185 PMCID: PMC5844357 DOI: 10.1097/pra.0000000000000297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Popular media applications have been shown to benefit people with severe mental illness by facilitating communication and social support, helping patients cope with or manage symptoms, and providing a way to monitor or predict mental health states. Although many studies of technology use by individuals with severe mental illness have focused primarily on use of social media, this study provides additional information about use of Internet applications such as blogs, wikis (websites that allow collaborative editing of content and structure by users), video games, and Skype by a community psychiatry population. METHODS All English-speaking patients attending an outpatient program during a 4-week period in 2011 (N=274) were surveyed about their technology use and demographic information; 189 patients provided demographic data and comprised the sample. RESULTS Among Internet users (n=112), rates of use of message boards, wikis, Skype, role-playing games, and blogs ranged from 26.8% to 34.8%. Among mobile phone users (n=162), 41.4% used their phones to access the Internet and 25.3% used Twitter on their phones. In multivariate analysis, patients who had attended or completed college had much greater odds of accessing the Internet on mobile phones. Older patients were much less likely to access the Internet or use Twitter. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that use of several popular forms of media is not uncommon in a community psychiatry population, but that rates of use differ on the basis of age and education. As the digital divide between people with severe mental illness and the general population is lessening, further research is needed to determine how to best leverage various types of media to support mental health recovery and complement clinical care.
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Wang J, Lloyd-Evans B, Giacco D, Forsyth R, Nebo C, Mann F, Johnson S. Social isolation in mental health: a conceptual and methodological review. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2017; 52:1451-1461. [PMID: 29080941 PMCID: PMC5702385 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-017-1446-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Social isolation and related concepts have been discussed increasingly in the field of mental health. Despite this, there is a lack of conceptual clarity and consistency in the definition and operationalisation of these terms. This review aimed to provide a clear framework for social isolation and related concepts, and to identify well-established measures in the field of mental health for each conceptual domain discussed. METHODS We used an iterative strategy of expert consultation and literature searching. A multi-disciplinary group of senior academics was consulted both before and after the literature searching to identify relevant terms, conceptual papers, or recommended measures. Our conceptual framework was also validated through expert consultation. We searched the Web of Science database using terms suggested by experts and subsequently identified further relevant studies through review articles and by reading full texts and reference lists of included studies. A narrative synthesis was conducted. RESULTS We developed a model with five domains incorporating all the concepts relevant to social isolation in regular use in the mental health research literature. These five domains are: social network-quantity; social network-structure; social network-quality; appraisal of relationships-emotional; and appraisal of relationships-resources. We also identified well-developed measures suitable for assessing each of the five conceptual domains or covering multi-domains. CONCLUSIONS Our review proposes a conceptual model to encompass and differentiate all terms relating to social isolation. Potential uses are in allowing researchers and intervention developers to identify precisely the intended outcomes of interventions, and to choose the most appropriate measures to use in mental health settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Wang
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, Maple House, 149 Tottenham Court Road, London, W1T 7NF, UK
| | - Brynmor Lloyd-Evans
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, Maple House, 149 Tottenham Court Road, London, W1T 7NF, UK.
| | - Domenico Giacco
- Unit for Social and Community Psychiatry, (WHO Collaborating Centre for Mental Health Services Development), Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Rebecca Forsyth
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, Maple House, 149 Tottenham Court Road, London, W1T 7NF, UK
| | - Cynthia Nebo
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, Maple House, 149 Tottenham Court Road, London, W1T 7NF, UK
| | - Farhana Mann
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, Maple House, 149 Tottenham Court Road, London, W1T 7NF, UK
| | - Sonia Johnson
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, Maple House, 149 Tottenham Court Road, London, W1T 7NF, UK
- Camden and Islington NHS Foundation Trust, St Pancras Hospital, 4 St Pancras Way, London, NW1 0PE, UK
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42
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Berry N, Bucci S, Lobban F. Use of the Internet and Mobile Phones for Self-Management of Severe Mental Health Problems: Qualitative Study of Staff Views. JMIR Ment Health 2017; 4:e52. [PMID: 29092809 PMCID: PMC5688247 DOI: 10.2196/mental.8311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Researchers are currently investigating the feasibility, acceptability, and efficacy of digital health interventions for people who experience severe mental health problems such as psychosis and bipolar disorder. Although the acceptability of digital health interventions for severe mental health problems appears to be relatively high and some people report successfully using the Internet and mobile phones to manage their mental health, the attitudes of mental health care staff toward such approaches have yet to be considered. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to explore mental health care staff experiences of clients with severe mental health problems engaging with the Internet and mobile phones to self-manage their mental health and their views toward these behaviors. The study also sought to examine the opinions expressed by mental health care staff toward digital health interventions for severe mental health problems to identify potential facilitators and barriers to implementation. METHODS Four focus groups were conducted with 20 staff working in mental health care services in the North West of the England using a topic guide. Focus groups involved 12 staff working in secondary care psychological services (7 participants in focus group 1 and 5 participants in focus group 4), 4 staff working in a rehabilitation unit (focus group 2), and 4 staff working in a community mental health team (focus group 3). Focus groups were transcribed verbatim, and transcripts were analyzed thematically to identify key themes that emerged from the data. RESULTS Four overarching themes, two with associated subthemes, were identified: (1) staff have conflicting views about the pros and cons of using Web-based resources and digital health interventions to manage mental health; (2) digital health interventions could increase access to mental health support options for severe mental health problems but may perpetuate the digital divide; (3) digital health interventions' impact on staff roles and responsibilities; and (4) digital health interventions should be used to enhance, not replace, face-to-face support. CONCLUSIONS This study is the first, to our knowledge, to qualitatively explore the experiences and attitudes of mental health care staff toward individuals with severe mental health problems using the Internet, mobile phones, and digital health interventions to self-manage their mental health. Understanding the positive and negative experiences and views shared by staff toward both current and potential digital health intervention use has enabled the identification of several considerations for implementation. Additionally, the findings suggest mental health care staff need clear guidance and training in relation to their responsibilities in recommending reputable and secure websites, forums, and digital health interventions and in how to manage professional boundaries on the Internet. Overall, the study highlights that digital health interventions could be well received by staff working in mental health services but importantly, such management options must be presented to frontline staff as an avenue to enhance care and extend choice, rather than as a method to reduce costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Berry
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Health eResearch Centre, Institute of Population Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Sandra Bucci
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona Lobban
- Spectrum Centre for Mental Health Research, School of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
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Bhugra D, Tasman A, Pathare S, Priebe S, Smith S, Torous J, Arbuckle MR, Langford A, Alarcón RD, Chiu HFK, First MB, Kay J, Sunkel C, Thapar A, Udomratn P, Baingana FK, Kestel D, Ng RMK, Patel A, Picker LD, McKenzie KJ, Moussaoui D, Muijen M, Bartlett P, Davison S, Exworthy T, Loza N, Rose D, Torales J, Brown M, Christensen H, Firth J, Keshavan M, Li A, Onnela JP, Wykes T, Elkholy H, Kalra G, Lovett KF, Travis MJ, Ventriglio A. The WPA-Lancet Psychiatry Commission on the Future of Psychiatry. Lancet Psychiatry 2017; 4:775-818. [PMID: 28946952 DOI: 10.1016/s2215-0366(17)30333-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Bhugra
- Department of Health Services and Population Research, King's College London and South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; World Psychiatric Association, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Allan Tasman
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Soumitra Pathare
- Centre for Mental Health Law and Policy, Indian Law Society, Pune, India
| | - Stefan Priebe
- Unit for Social and Community Psychiatry, WHO Collaborating Centre for Mental Health Services Development, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Shubulade Smith
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Science, King's College London and South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - John Torous
- Department of Psychiatry and Division of Clinical Informatics, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Melissa R Arbuckle
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alex Langford
- Psychological Medicine Service, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Renato D Alarcón
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Helen Fung Kum Chiu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Michael B First
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jerald Kay
- Department of Psychiatry, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA
| | - Charlene Sunkel
- SA Federation for Mental Health, Johannesburg, South Africa; Movement for Global Mental Health, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Anita Thapar
- Child & Adolescent Psychiatry Section, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neuroscience, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics & Genomics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Pichet Udomratn
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Florence K Baingana
- Mental Health Lead Basic Package of Essential Health Services Cluster, WHO Sierra Leone Country Office, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - Dévora Kestel
- Mental Health and Substance Use Unit, Pan American Health Organization/World Health Organization, Washington DC, USA
| | | | - Anita Patel
- Centre for Primary Care & Public Health, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Livia De Picker
- Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Research Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Kwame Julius McKenzie
- Wellesley Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; General Psychiatry and Health Systems, Centre for Addictions and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Driss Moussaoui
- Ibn Rushd University Psychiatric Center, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Matt Muijen
- Danish Mental Health Association, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Bartlett
- School of Law and Institute of Mental Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Sophie Davison
- State Forensic Mental Health Service, Department of Health, Clinical Research Centre, Mount Claremont, WA, Australia; School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Tim Exworthy
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Science, King's College London and South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Cygnet Healthcare, Stevenage, UK
| | | | - Diana Rose
- Service User Research Enterprise, King's College London and South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Julio Torales
- Department of Psychiatry, National University of Asunción, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | | | - Helen Christensen
- Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Joseph Firth
- NICM, School of Science and Health, University of Western Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Matcheri Keshavan
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ang Li
- Department of Psychology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Jukka-Pekka Onnela
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Til Wykes
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London and South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Hussien Elkholy
- World Psychiatric Association, Geneva, Switzerland; Institute of Psychiatry, Neurology and Psychiatry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Gurvinder Kalra
- Flynn Adult Inpatient Psychiatric Unit, Latrobe Regional Hospital Mental Health Services (LRH-MHS), Traralgon, VIC, Australia; School of Rural Health (La Trobe Valley & West Gippsland), Monash University, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Michael J Travis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Antonio Ventriglio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
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Greiner C, Chatton A, Khazaal Y. Online self-help forums on cannabis: A content assessment. PATIENT EDUCATION AND COUNSELING 2017; 100:1943-1950. [PMID: 28602568 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate online self-help forums related to cannabis users who were searching for help on the Internet. METHODS We analyzed the content of 717 postings by 328 users in three online forums in terms of fields of interest and self-help mechanisms. Only English-language forums that were free of charge and without registration were investigated. RESULTS The main self-help mechanisms were disclosure and symptoms, with relatively few posts concerning legal issues and social perceptions. The forums differed significantly in all fields of interest and self-help mechanisms except for social network and financial and vocational issues. Highly involved users more commonly posted on topics related to diagnosis, etiology/research, and provision of information and less commonly on those related to gratitude. Correlation analysis showed a moderate negative correlation between emotional support and illness-related aspects and between emotional support and exchange of information. CONCLUSIONS Cannabis forums share similarities with other mental health forums. Posts differ according to user involvement and the specific orientation of the forum. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS The Internet offers a viable source of self-help and social support for cannabis users, which has potential clinical implications in terms of referring clients to specific forums.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Greiner
- Geneva University Hospitals, Gabriel-Perret-Gentil 4, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; Geneva University, Général-Dufour 24, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Anne Chatton
- Geneva University, Général-Dufour 24, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Yasser Khazaal
- Geneva University Hospitals, Gabriel-Perret-Gentil 4, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; Geneva University, Général-Dufour 24, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; Research Centre, University Institute of Mental Health at Montreal, Canada.
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Birnbaum ML, Ernala SK, Rizvi AF, De Choudhury M, Kane JM. A Collaborative Approach to Identifying Social Media Markers of Schizophrenia by Employing Machine Learning and Clinical Appraisals. J Med Internet Res 2017; 19:e289. [PMID: 28807891 PMCID: PMC5575421 DOI: 10.2196/jmir.7956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Linguistic analysis of publicly available Twitter feeds have achieved success in differentiating individuals who self-disclose online as having schizophrenia from healthy controls. To date, limited efforts have included expert input to evaluate the authenticity of diagnostic self-disclosures. Objective This study aims to move from noisy self-reports of schizophrenia on social media to more accurate identification of diagnoses by exploring a human-machine partnered approach, wherein computational linguistic analysis of shared content is combined with clinical appraisals. Methods Twitter timeline data, extracted from 671 users with self-disclosed diagnoses of schizophrenia, was appraised for authenticity by expert clinicians. Data from disclosures deemed true were used to build a classifier aiming to distinguish users with schizophrenia from healthy controls. Results from the classifier were compared to expert appraisals on new, unseen Twitter users. Results Significant linguistic differences were identified in the schizophrenia group including greater use of interpersonal pronouns (P<.001), decreased emphasis on friendship (P<.001), and greater emphasis on biological processes (P<.001). The resulting classifier distinguished users with disclosures of schizophrenia deemed genuine from control users with a mean accuracy of 88% using linguistic data alone. Compared to clinicians on new, unseen users, the classifier’s precision, recall, and accuracy measures were 0.27, 0.77, and 0.59, respectively. Conclusions These data reinforce the need for ongoing collaborations integrating expertise from multiple fields to strengthen our ability to accurately identify and effectively engage individuals with mental illness online. These collaborations are crucial to overcome some of mental illnesses’ biggest challenges by using digital technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael L Birnbaum
- The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, NY, United States.,Feinstein Institute of Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States.,Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY, United States
| | | | - Asra F Rizvi
- The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, NY, United States.,Feinstein Institute of Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | | | - John M Kane
- The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, NY, United States.,Feinstein Institute of Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States.,Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY, United States
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46
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Moore D, Drey N, Ayers S. Use of Online Forums for Perinatal Mental Illness, Stigma, and Disclosure: An Exploratory Model. JMIR Ment Health 2017; 4:e6. [PMID: 28219879 PMCID: PMC5339438 DOI: 10.2196/mental.5926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perinatal mental illness is a global health concern; however, many women with the illness do not get the treatment they need to recover. Interventions that reduce the stigma around perinatal mental illness have the potential to enable women to disclose their symptoms to health care providers and consequently access treatment. There are many online forums for perinatal mental illness and thousands of women use them. Preliminary research suggests that online forums may promote help-seeking behavior, potentially because they have a role in challenging stigma. This study draws from these findings and theoretical concepts to present a model of forum use, stigma, and disclosure. OBJECTIVE This study tested a model that measured the mediating role of stigma between online forum use and disclosure of affective symptoms to health care providers. METHODS A Web-based survey of 200 women who were pregnant or had a child younger than 5 years and considered themselves to be experiencing psychological distress was conducted. Women were recruited through social media and questions measured forum usage, perinatal mental illness stigma, disclosure to health care providers, depression and anxiety symptoms, barriers to disclosure, and demographic information. RESULTS There was a significant positive indirect effect of length of forum use on disclosure of symptoms through internal stigma, b=0.40, bias-corrected and accelerated (BCa) 95% CI 0.13-0.85. Long-term forum users reported higher levels of internal stigma, and higher internal stigma was associated with disclosure of symptoms to health care providers when controlling for symptoms of depression and anxiety. CONCLUSIONS Internal stigma mediates the relationship between length of forum use and disclosure to health care providers. Findings suggest that forums have the potential to enable women to recognize and reveal their internal stigma, which may in turn lead to greater disclosure of symptoms to health care providers. Clinicians could refer clients to trustworthy and moderated online forums that facilitate expression of perinatal mental illness stigma and promote disclosure to health care providers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna Moore
- Centre for Maternal and Child Health, School of Health Sciences, City, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas Drey
- School of Health Sciences, City, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Susan Ayers
- Centre for Maternal and Child Health, School of Health Sciences, City, University of London, London, United Kingdom
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Colder Carras M, Van Rooij AJ, Spruijt-Metz D, Kvedar J, Griffiths MD, Carabas Y, Labrique A. Commercial Video Games As Therapy: A New Research Agenda to Unlock the Potential of a Global Pastime. Front Psychiatry 2017; 8:300. [PMID: 29403398 PMCID: PMC5786876 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2017.00300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging research suggests that commercial, off-the-shelf video games have potential applications in preventive and therapeutic medicine. Despite these promising findings, systematic efforts to characterize and better understand this potential have not been undertaken. Serious academic study of the therapeutic potential of commercial video games faces several challenges, including a lack of standard terminology, rapidly changing technology, societal attitudes toward video games, and understanding and accounting for complex interactions between individual, social, and cultural health determinants. As a vehicle to launch a new interdisciplinary research agenda, the present paper provides background information on the use of commercial video games for the prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation of mental and other health conditions, and discusses ongoing grassroots efforts by online communities to use video games for healing and recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Colder Carras
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Johns Hopkins University Global mHealth Initiative, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Antonius J Van Rooij
- Trimbos Institute, Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Donna Spruijt-Metz
- Dornsife Center for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | | | | | - Yorghos Carabas
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Johns Hopkins University Global mHealth Initiative, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Alain Labrique
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Johns Hopkins University Global mHealth Initiative, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Sharma R, Wigginton B, Meurk C, Ford P, Gartner CE. Motivations and Limitations Associated with Vaping among People with Mental Illness: A Qualitative Analysis of Reddit Discussions. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 14:ijerph14010007. [PMID: 28025516 PMCID: PMC5295258 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 11/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to understand the nature and significance of online lay discussions about e-cigarettes and mental illness. We systematically searched the website Reddit.com using keywords related to e-cigarettes and mental illness. We coded relevant posts into themes under the framework of motivations for and limitations of vaping for people with mental illness. The thematic analysis included 3263 comments from 133 discussion threads. Six themes were classified as motivations to vape for people with mental illness: Self-medication; Quitting smoking; Freedom and control; Hobby; Social connectedness; and Motivation from caregivers and online communities. The limitations of vaping included: Unsatisfactory substitute for cigarettes and psychiatric medicines; Drug interactions; Nicotine addiction; Risks of e-liquid; Practical difficulties and Cost. People with mental illness; and their carers; use online discussion boards like Reddit to discuss the benefits and limitations of e-cigarettes for people with mental illness. Both positive and negative views exist. Media platforms like Reddit may shape the opinions of stakeholders and generate lay expertise about contentious health topics such as e-cigarettes. These findings have implications for policy and practice concerning assisting smokers with mental illness to reduce their health risk through switching to e-cigarettes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratika Sharma
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia.
| | - Britta Wigginton
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia.
| | - Carla Meurk
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia.
- Policy and Epidemiology Group, Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Locked Bag 500, Archerfield, QLD 4018, Australia.
| | - Pauline Ford
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia.
| | - Coral E Gartner
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia.
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Seeman MV. Solitude and schizophrenia. PSYCHOSIS-PSYCHOLOGICAL SOCIAL AND INTEGRATIVE APPROACHES 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/17522439.2016.1264992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mary V. Seeman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Brusilovskiy E, Townley G, Snethen G, Salzer MS. Social media use, community participation and psychological well-being among individuals with serious mental illnesses. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2016.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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