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Souza Filho AND, Bezerra TA, Bandeira PFR, Cabral LG, Brito A, Guerra PH, Martins CMDL, Carvalho FO. Association between the environment for physical activity in public schools and childhood obesity: a view in the light of complex systems. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2024; 29:e05162023. [PMID: 38896672 DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232024296.05162023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
This article aims to analyse the relationship between physical activity (PA) environment at schools, sex, age, and obesity in children, using a network approach. This is a cross-sectional study, with 1,200 children (8.1±1.0 years old) from eight public schools in the same municipality. Weight and height measurements were assessed to calculate the Body Mass Index (BMI) and classified as healthier weight or overweight. To assess the PA environment at school, a interview with the school´s manager was conducted. The association between the PA environment at school and obesity was tested using a Network Analysis performed on the Jasp software. Positive associations between BMI and Physical Education classes (0.847), physical education teacher (0.349), break duration (0.564), and indoor sports court (0.662) were observed. Negative associations were seen with sex (-0.212) age (-0.387), extracurricular PA (-0.492), and playground (-0.557). Additionally, the centrality indicators highlighted extracurricular PA (1.789) as the variables with the highest betweenness values, and BMI with the highest closeness (2.239) and strength (1.230) values. Extracurricular PA and the presence of playgrounds in school´s environment are associated with healthier weight in low-income children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastácio Neco de Souza Filho
- Departamento de Educação Física, Universidade Regional do Cariri. R. Cel. Antônio Luíz 1161, Pimenta. 63105-010 Crato CE Brasil.
| | - Thaynã Alves Bezerra
- Departamento de Educação Física, Universidade Regional do Cariri. R. Cel. Antônio Luíz 1161, Pimenta. 63105-010 Crato CE Brasil.
| | - Paulo Felipe Ribeiro Bandeira
- Departamento de Educação Física, Universidade Regional do Cariri. R. Cel. Antônio Luíz 1161, Pimenta. 63105-010 Crato CE Brasil.
| | - Luciana Gatto Cabral
- Departamento de Educação Física, Universidade Federal da Paraíba. João Pessoa PB Brasil
| | - André Brito
- Departamento de Educação Física, Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco. Petrolina PE Brasil
| | - Paulo Henrique Guerra
- Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Fronteira do Sul. Chapecó RS Brasil
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Ryan CG, Karran EL, Wallwork SB, Pate JW, O'Keeffe M, Fullen BM, Livadas N, Jones N, Toumbourou JW, Gilchrist P, Cameron PA, Fatoye F, Ravindran D, Lorimer Moseley G. We Are All in This Together-Whole of Community Pain Science Education Campaigns to Promote Better Management of Persistent Pain. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2024; 25:902-917. [PMID: 37918470 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2023.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Persistent pain is a major public health issue-estimated to affect a quarter of the world's population. Public understanding of persistent pain is based on outdated biomedical models, laden with misconceptions that are contrary to best evidence. This understanding is a barrier to effective pain management. Thus, there have been calls for public health-based interventions to address these misconceptions. Previous pain-focussed public education campaigns have targeted pain beliefs and behaviours that are thought to promote recovery, such as staying active. However, prevailing pain-related misconceptions render many of these approaches counter-intuitive, at best. Pain Science Education improves understanding of 'how pain works' and has been demonstrated to improve pain and disability outcomes. Extending Pain Science Education beyond the clinic to the wider community seems warranted. Learning from previous back pain-focussed and other public health educational campaigns could optimise the potential benefit of such a Pain Science Education campaign. Pain Science Education-grounded campaigns have been delivered in Australia and the UK and show promise, but robust evaluations are needed before any firm conclusions on their population impact can be made. Several challenges exist going forward. Not least is the need to ensure all stakeholders are involved in the development and implementation of Pain Science Education public messaging campaigns. Furthermore, it is crucial that campaigns are undertaken through a health equity lens, incorporating underrepresented communities to ensure that any intervention does not widen existing health inequalities associated with persistent pain. PERSPECTIVE: Public misconceptions about pain are a significant public health challenge and a viable intervention target to reduce the personal, social, and economic burden of persistent pain. Adaptation of Pain Science Education, which improves misconceptions in a clinical setting, into the public health setting seems a promising approach to explore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cormac G Ryan
- Pain Education Team to Advance Learning (PETAL) Collaboration; Centre for Rehabilitation, School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, UK
| | - Emma L Karran
- Pain Education Team to Advance Learning (PETAL) Collaboration; IIMPACT in Health, University of South Australia, Kaurna Country, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Sarah B Wallwork
- Pain Education Team to Advance Learning (PETAL) Collaboration; IIMPACT in Health, University of South Australia, Kaurna Country, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Joshua W Pate
- Pain Education Team to Advance Learning (PETAL) Collaboration; Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mary O'Keeffe
- Pain Education Team to Advance Learning (PETAL) Collaboration; Institute for Musculoskeletal Health, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Brona M Fullen
- Pain Education Team to Advance Learning (PETAL) Collaboration; UCD School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Nick Livadas
- Pain Education Team to Advance Learning (PETAL) Collaboration; Centre for Rehabilitation, School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, UK
| | - Niki Jones
- Pain Education Team to Advance Learning (PETAL) Collaboration
| | - John W Toumbourou
- Pain Education Team to Advance Learning (PETAL) Collaboration; Deakin University, School of Psychology and Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, Geelong, Australia
| | - Peter Gilchrist
- Pain Education Team to Advance Learning (PETAL) Collaboration; The University of Adelaide Rural Clinical School, Rural Generalist Program, South Australia
| | - Paul A Cameron
- Pain Education Team to Advance Learning (PETAL) Collaboration; Fife Health & Social Care Partnership, Scotland, UK; School of Medicine, Cardiff University, UK
| | - Francis Fatoye
- Pain Education Team to Advance Learning (PETAL) Collaboration; Department of Health Professions, Faculty of Health and Education, Manchester Metropolitan University, UK; Lifestyle Disease Entity, North-West University, South Africa
| | - Deepak Ravindran
- Pain Education Team to Advance Learning (PETAL) Collaboration; Centre for Rehabilitation, School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, UK; Department of Pain Medicine, Royal Berkshire NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - G Lorimer Moseley
- Pain Education Team to Advance Learning (PETAL) Collaboration; IIMPACT in Health, University of South Australia, Kaurna Country, Adelaide, Australia
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Lovan P, Saez-Clarke E, Graefe B, Messiah SE, Prado G. Parent childhood experiences, parenting strategies, and youth health-related outcomes in Hispanic families with unhealthy weight: An intergenerational study. Eat Behav 2024; 53:101870. [PMID: 38460202 PMCID: PMC11144088 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2024.101870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
We aimed to examine whether (a) parents' childhood family mealtime experiences (CFM) (e.g., mealtime communication-based stress) and parents' socio-demographic characteristics (e.g., education level) predict parents' health-related parenting strategies (e.g., discipline), (b) health-related parenting strategies for eating and physical activity predict youth's health-related outcomes (e.g., dietary intake), (c) parenting strategies mediate the relationship between CFM and youth outcomes. A path model was used to examine the above-mentioned relationships. Data were obtained from the baseline assessment of a randomized clinical trial evaluating the efficacy of a family-based intervention to promote quality diet and increase physical activity. Participants were 280 Hispanic youth (52.1 % female, Mage = 13.01 ± 0.83) with unhealthy weight (MBody Mass Index %tile = 94.55 ± 4.15) and their parents (88.2 % female, Mage = 41.87 ± 6.49). Results indicated that childhood mealtime communication-based stress and mealtime structure were positively associated with control. Appearance weight control was positively associated with monitoring, discipline, limit-setting, and reinforcement. Parental mealtime control had positive associations with discipline, control, and limit-setting. Emphasis on mother's weight was positively associated with reinforcement. We also found positive associations between parental monitoring and youth's physical QOL and between parental discipline and fruits and vegetables intake. No mediating effect was found. Findings demonstrated significant effects of parents' childhood experience on parenting strategies, which in turn was associated with the youths' health-related outcomes. These results suggest the intergenerational effects of parent's childhood experience on their youth's health-related outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padideh Lovan
- School of Nursing and Health Studies, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33146, United States; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33146, United States.
| | - Estefany Saez-Clarke
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33146, United States; Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33146, United States.
| | - Beck Graefe
- Department of Educational and Psychological Studies, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33146, United States.
| | - Sarah E Messiah
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Science, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Public Health, Dallas, TX 75207, United States; Center for Pediatric Population Health, University of Texas Health Science Center, School of Public Health, Dallas, TX 75207, United States; Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX 77030, United States.
| | - Guillermo Prado
- School of Nursing and Health Studies, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33146, United States.
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Sørensen SO, Larsen KT, Høy TV, Hansen ABG, Jago R, Kristensen PL, Toftager M, Grøntved A, Gejl AK. Study protocol for the Screen-Free Time with Friends Feasibility Trial. Pilot Feasibility Stud 2024; 10:33. [PMID: 38374084 PMCID: PMC10875870 DOI: 10.1186/s40814-024-01462-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children are spending less leisure time with their friends in person and an increasing amount of time with digital screens. These changes may negatively affect children's physical and mental health. The Screen-Free Time with Friends Feasibility Trial will test the feasibility, including acceptability and compliance, of an intervention designed to reduce screen media usage and encourage physical interaction with friends during leisure time in 9-11-year-old children. METHODS A non-randomized single-group feasibility trial will be conducted from March to October 2023 including approximately 75 children (aged 9-11 years) and 75 parents (at least 1 per child) from 3 different schools recruited from 3 different municipalities in Denmark. The Screen-Free Time with Friends intervention is a multicomponent intervention targeting families, afterschool clubs, and local communities. It has been developed using a systematic process guided by the Medical Research Council UK's framework for developing and evaluating complex interventions. With a systems perspective in mind, the intervention and implementation approach has been designed to facilitate adaptation to the specific needs of diverse local communities while maintaining the core components of the intervention. Feasibility and acceptability of the intervention will be assessed during the intervention using process evaluation inspired by the RE-AIM framework including questionnaires and interviews with the municipality project managers, research team members, local ambassadors and stakeholders, parents and school, and afterschool club personnel. In addition, participation, recruitment, retention rate, and compliance to the outcome measurements will be investigated and presented. DISCUSSION The trial will investigate the feasibility and acceptability of the Screen-Free Time with Friends intervention, the recruitment strategy, and the planned outcome measurements. This feasibility study will investigate necessary refinements before the implementation of the intervention program in a larger cluster randomized controlled trial to evaluate its impact. TRIAL REGISTRATION CLINICALTRIALS gov, ID: NCT05480085. Registered 29 July 2022. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05480085?cond=Screen+free+time+with+friends&draw=2&rank=1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Overgaard Sørensen
- Research Unit for Exercise Epidemiology, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
| | - Kristian Traberg Larsen
- Research Unit for Exercise Epidemiology, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Teresa Victoria Høy
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Russell Jago
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust and University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Peter Lund Kristensen
- Research Unit for Exercise Epidemiology, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Mette Toftager
- Research Unit for Active Living, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Anders Grøntved
- Research Unit for Exercise Epidemiology, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Anne Kær Gejl
- Research Unit for Exercise Epidemiology, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Chen G, Olsen JA, Lamu AN. The influence of parents' and partner's education on own health behaviours. Soc Sci Med 2024; 343:116581. [PMID: 38242029 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.116581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
The link between educational attainment and multiple health behaviours has been explained in various ways. This paper provides new insights into the social patterning in health behaviours by investigating the influence of parents' and partners' educational attainments on a composite indicator that integrates the four commonly studied lifestyle behaviours (smoking, alcohol, physical activity and BMI). Two key outcome indicators of interests were created to reflect both ends of the "healthy - unhealthy spectrum". Data was drawn from The Tromsø Study, conducted in 2015/16 (N = 21,083, aged 40-93 years). We controlled for two indicators of early life human capital and one personality trait variable. Partners' education attainments are relatively more important for avoiding unhealthy behaviour than choosing healthy behaviour; on the contrary, parents' education is more important for healthy behaviour. Heterogeneity by sex and age was also evident. The influences of partner's education on widening the socioeconomic contrasts in health behaviours were much stronger in the younger (40-59 years) age group. In conclusion, our results support the hypothesis that own health behaviour is affected by the educational attainments of our 'nearest and dearest' (i.e. spouse, mother, and father), net of own education. This study facilitates a better understanding of education-health behaviours nexus from a life course perspective and supports the importance of family-based interventions to improve healthy behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Chen
- Centre for Health Economics, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jan Abel Olsen
- Centre for Health Economics, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Community Medicine, UiT - the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; Division for Health Services, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Admassu N Lamu
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT - the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; NORCE - Norwegian Research Centre, Bergen, Norway
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Huang S, Li X, Chen SH, Fang Z, Lee CY, Chiang YC. Enhancing academic self-efficacy on decreasing adolescents' unmonitored internet usage and depressive mood. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23286. [PMID: 38187249 PMCID: PMC10767145 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Unmonitored internet use and depression are difficulties that adolescents experience. Efforts to promote healthy adolescent development tend to focus on reducing these two risk outcomes. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine how three important school-related factors (teachers, peers, and academics) affect adolescents' levels of unmonitored internet use and depression. For this study, a cross-sectional data analysis was conducted. The sample included 9297 students who participated in two waves of the China Education Panel Survey (CEPS). Structural equation modeling (SEM) was performed using LISREL 8.80 to analyze the data. Monte Carlo resampling was then performed using R to confirm the significance of the mediating effects. Teacher criticism and negative peers can increase unmonitored internet use and depression in adolescents, while academic stress can exacerbate depression. In contrast, teacher praise and positive peers can reduce those risk outcomes. Academic self-efficacy serves as a key mediator of the impacts of teachers, peers, and academics on adolescents' levels of unmonitored internet use and depression. We advocate that schools should establish a positive school climate, provide teacher feedback training and design physical activity programs to improve academic self-efficacy, thereby reducing the risk of unmonitored internet use and depression among adolescents, effectively preventing possible subsequent internet addiction and promoting the mental health of adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiling Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, School of Public Health, Xiamen, China
| | - Xian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, School of Public Health, Xiamen, China
| | - Shih-Han Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, School of Public Health, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhiwei Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, School of Public Health, Xiamen, China
| | - Chun-Yang Lee
- School of International Business, Xiamen University Tan Kah Kee College, Zhangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Chen Chiang
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, School of Public Health, Xiamen, China
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Chu M, Lee CY, Li X, Zhao Z, Gao M, Chiang YC. Association of Friendly School and Family Contexts and Reducing Health Risk Behaviors Among Adolescents: A Cross-National Study in Europe, North America, and China. THE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH 2024; 94:57-68. [PMID: 36967472 DOI: 10.1111/josh.13331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social factors play an important role in adolescents' behaviors. This study aims to understand percentages of health risk behaviors across country in Europe, North America, and China; explore the associations between friendly school and family contexts and involvement for several health risk behaviors among adolescents. METHODS Data derived from health behavior in school-aged children cross-sectional surveys and China Education Panel Survey in 2014-2015. Hierarchical generalized linear modeling was used to analyze data. RESULTS The highest percentages of health risk behaviors including unhealthy diet, smoking or alcohol, screen-based sedentary behaviors, and violent behaviors across country ranged from 28.62% to 65.24%. National classmate friendliness was negatively associated with 5 out of 9 health risk behaviors prevalence rates in 41 countries (p < 0.05). Adolescents' perceived peer friendly and helpful were common protective factor for engaging in several health risk behaviors (p < 0.01). Individual family contexts were associated with 3 types of health risk behaviors involvement (p < 0.001). SCHOOL HEALTH POLICY IMPLICATIONS Health risk behaviors among adolescents reducing was associated with the implementation of friendly school and family contexts, emphasizing the significance of the goals of embedding friendly adolescents, along with the home-school collaboration. CONCLUSIONS Public health strategies should promote national climate of friendship and individual perceived friendly school contexts to reduce health risk behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meijie Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Chun-Yang Lee
- School of International Business, Xiamen University Tan Kah Kee College, Zhangzhou, China
| | - Xian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zeyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Min Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yi-Chen Chiang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Lekše R, Godec D, Prosen M. Determining the Impact of Lifestyle on the Health of Primary School Children in Slovenia Through Mixed Membership Focus Groups. J Community Health 2023; 48:857-869. [PMID: 37160527 PMCID: PMC10169174 DOI: 10.1007/s10900-023-01231-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Lifestyle choices made by children and adolescents can lead to a variety of health problems. It is therefore crucial to evaluate the state health-related lifestyles of primary school children's and identify areas for improvement. The aim of this study was to investigate the experiences and perspectives of those involved in educating current generations of primary school children about their lifestyle and the associated health implications of their behavior. Four focus groups were formed, comprising parents, primary school teachers, health professionals, and leisure activity teachers, with five participants in each group. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with each group as part of the qualitative research paradigm of the study. The study revealed three central themes, emphasizing the need to promote health and educate children about healthy behaviors, environmental influences, and health literacy. Community nurses need to take a proactive role in promoting school health. Although adults, peers, and the environment exert a strong influence on children's lifestyles, they often fail to live up to their responsibilities and allow harmful habits to form. To instill positive behaviors and an optimistic attitude towards a healthy lifestyle, all those involved in a child's education need to collaborate. Health-related topics should be included or reinforced in primary school curricula, and parents and school staff should receive appropriate training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeka Lekše
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, University of Primorska, Polje 42, Izola, 6310 Slovenia
| | - Dijana Godec
- Health Promotion Centre, Gregorčičeva cesta 8, Ilirska Bistrica, 6250 Slovenia
| | - Mirko Prosen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, University of Primorska, Polje 42, Izola, 6310 Slovenia
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Cockerham WC. Health Lifestyle Theory in a Changing Society: The Rise of Infectious Diseases and Digitalization. JOURNAL OF HEALTH AND SOCIAL BEHAVIOR 2023; 64:437-451. [PMID: 36912383 DOI: 10.1177/00221465231155609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Social change produces alterations in society that necessitate changes in sociological theories. Two significant changes affecting health lifestyle theory are the behaviors associated with the COVID-19 pandemic and the digitalization of society. The health-protective practices emerging from the ongoing pandemic and the recent parade of other newly emerging infectious diseases need to be included in the theory's framework. Moreover, the extensive digitalization of today's society leads to the addition of connectivities (electronic networks) as a structural variable. Connectivities serve as a computational authority influencing health lifestyle practices through health apps and other digital resources in contrast to collectivities (human social networks) as a normative authority. The recent literature supporting these features in an updated and expanded model of health lifestyle theory is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- William C Cockerham
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- College of William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA, USA
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Brivio F, Viganò A, Paterna A, Palena N, Greco A. Narrative Review and Analysis of the Use of "Lifestyle" in Health Psychology. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:4427. [PMID: 36901437 PMCID: PMC10001804 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20054427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Lifestyle is a complex and often generic concept that has been used and defined in different ways in scientific research. Currently, there is no single definition of lifestyle, and various fields of knowledge have developed theories and research variables that are also distant from each other. This paper is a narrative review of the literature and an analysis of the concept of lifestyle and its relationship to health. This contribution aims to shed light on the lifestyle construct in health psychology. In particular, the first part of this manuscript reexamines the main definitions of lifestyle in the psychological and sociological fields through three perspectives: internal, external, and temporal. The main components that characterise lifestyle are highlighted. The second part of this paper explores the main concepts of lifestyle in health, underlining their strengths and weaknesses, and proposes an alternative definition of a healthy lifestyle, which integrates the individual dimensions with the social and cycle dimensions of life. In conclusion, a brief indication of a research agenda is presented.
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Li DL, Wang S, Zhang D, Yang R, Hu J, Xue Y, Huang X, Wan Y, Pan CW, Fang J, Zhang S. Gender difference in the associations between health literacy and problematic mobile phone use in Chinese middle school students. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:142. [PMID: 36670413 PMCID: PMC9854151 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15049-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Problematic mobile phone use (PMPU) is becoming increasingly popular and has serious harmful effects on physical and mental health among adolescents. Inadequate health literacy (HL) is related to some risky behaviors and mental health problems in adolescents. Nevertheless, few studies have explored the relationship between HL and PMPU and the gender difference in the relationship among Chinese adolescents. The aim of this study was to examine the associations between HL and PMPU and explore gender difference in the associations. METHODS A total of 22,628 junior and senior high school students (10,990 males and 11,638 females) in 6 regions of China participated in this study. HL and PMPU were measured by self-report validated questionnaires. Chi-square tests and logistic regression analysis were conducted in the study. RESULTS Logistic regression analysis showed that students with inadequate HL are likely to have PMPU (OR = 2.013, 95% CI: 1.840-2.202), and different degrees of association can be seen in six dimensions. Besides, in both males and females, students with inadequate HL had a higher risk of PMPU (OR male = 1.607, 95% CI: 1.428-1.807; OR female = 2.602, 95% CI: 2.261-2.994). Regarding the gender difference, the results showed that males had more PMPU than females, and the difference was more significant for students with adequate HL than those with inadequate HL (OR inadequate = 1.085, 95% CI: 1.016-1.159; OR adequate = 1.770, 95% CI: 1.490-2.101). Similarly, there were associations in the six dimensions. CONCLUSIONS HL decreases PMPU, and males have a higher risk of PMPU than females. These findings suggest a reasonable strategy to reduce PMPU by improving the HL level of adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Lin Li
- grid.263761.70000 0001 0198 0694School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Ren Ai Road, Suzhou, 215123 Jiangsu Province China ,grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XMOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle/ Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, 81th Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032 Anhui Province China
| | - Sizhe Wang
- grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XMOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle/ Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, 81th Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032 Anhui Province China ,grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Department of Social Medicine and Health Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211166 Jiangsu Province China
| | - Daoxu Zhang
- grid.28056.390000 0001 2163 4895State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 MeiLong Road, Shanghai, 200237 China
| | - Rong Yang
- grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XMOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle/ Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, 81th Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032 Anhui Province China ,grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44th Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, 250000 Shandong Province China
| | - Jie Hu
- grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XMOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle/ Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, 81th Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032 Anhui Province China ,grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei Province China
| | - Yanni Xue
- grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XMOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle/ Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, 81th Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032 Anhui Province China ,grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XDepartment of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81th Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032 Anhui Province China
| | - Xuexue Huang
- grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XMOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle/ Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, 81th Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032 Anhui Province China ,grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XDepartment of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81th Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032 Anhui Province China
| | - Yuhui Wan
- grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XMOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle/ Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, 81th Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032 Anhui Province China ,grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XDepartment of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81th Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032 Anhui Province China
| | - Chen-Wei Pan
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Ren Ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Jun Fang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle/ Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, 81th Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui Province, China. .,School of Public Health and Health Management, Anhui Medical College, 632 Furong Road, Hefei, 230601, Anhui Province, China. .,Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Sojo University, Ikeda 4-22-1, Kumamoto, 860-0082, Japan.
| | - Shichen Zhang
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Anhui Medical College, 632 Furong Road, Hefei, 230601, Anhui Province, China.
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Ahmadpour M, Omidvar N, Shakibazadeh E, Doustmohammadian A, Rahimiforoushani A. Development and evaluation of an intervention to improve food and nutrition literacy among Iranian Kurdish primary school children: An application of intervention mapping approach. Front Public Health 2023; 10:1059677. [PMID: 36684859 PMCID: PMC9845926 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1059677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Food and nutrition literacy (FNLIT) is a relatively new term that is used to define the knowledge, skills, and behaviors necessary to achieve a healthy diet. Improving food and nutritional literacy in children is a necessary solution to eliminate nutritional disorders in this age group. The purpose of this study was to design, implement and evaluate an intervention to improve food and nutrition literacy in children aged 10-12 years old based on an intervention mapping (IM) approach. Methods This experimental study was performed in three phases. Through the first phase, an intervention was developed using the (IM) approach. In the second phase, the intervention was implemented for 6 months, and in the third phase, the intervention outcomes were evaluated and compared with the control group through a randomized controlled trial among 300 participants (each control and intervention group = 150). Results Before the intervention, there was no significant difference between the control and intervention groups in all subscales of FNLIT. After the intervention, there was a significant difference between the control and intervention groups in all subscales of FNLIT (P < 0/001). There were no differences between the two groups in terms of the FNLIT scores at baseline (P > 0.05). However, after 6 months of intervention, a significant difference was observed between the two groups (intra-group differences) (P < 0.001). Such a difference was not identified in the control group after 6 months also the results show the impact of socioeconomic factors and parental literacy on the average score of students' FNLIT and after the intervention, a significant difference was observed between the scores of control and intervention groups in all subscales of the FNLIT (P < 0.001). Conclusions The school-based intervention developed and evaluated in this study provides a basis for future programs targeting the improvement of FNLIT in children, especially in poor and deprived areas such as Kurdistan province. Clinical trial registration Iranian Clinical Trials Registry (IRCT) Code: 32094.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ahmadpour
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, School of Public Health, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Nasrin Omidvar
- Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Shakibazadeh
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azam Doustmohammadian
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Rahimiforoushani
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Mahon C, Howard E, O'Reilly A, Dooley B, Fitzgerald A. A cluster analysis of health behaviours and their relationship to mental health difficulties, life satisfaction and functioning in adolescents. Prev Med 2022; 164:107332. [PMID: 36336163 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2022.107332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Research has documented relationships between individual health behaviours and mental health, but few studies have examined patterns of health behaviours (i.e., health lifestyles) and mental health outcomes. This study investigated the relationship between health lifestyles and mental health and psychological wellbeing in adolescents. Data from the My World Survey 2 - Second Level (MWS2-SL), a random national sample of 9493 adolescents (44.2% male) aged 12-18 years (M = 14.8, SD = 1.66) in second level education in Ireland were used. TwoStep cluster analysis identified clustering of health behaviours (sleep, alcohol use, cannabis use, social media use, sport and hobby participation). ANOVA and Chi Square tests identified potential differences in demographic characteristics (age, gender, socioeconomic status, ethnicity) and psychological outcomes (anxiety, depression, life satisfaction, daily functioning) across clusters. Three clusters were identified; 1. Low (22.0%), 2. Moderate-high (41.5%) and 3. High (36.5%), health promoting. The 'Low' health-promoting cluster, characterised by high alcohol, cannabis and social media use, moderate sport and hobby participation, and low sleep duration, demonstrated the highest levels of anxiety and depression and the lowest levels of life satisfaction, self-esteem and daily functioning. The 'High' health-promoting cluster reported the most favourable psychological outcomes. Cluster 1 were more likely to be older and male, Cluster 3 were more likely to be younger and female. Findings demonstrate the potential for health promotive lifestyles to mitigate mental health difficulties and promote life satisfaction and daily functioning in adolescents. Health lifestyles represent important indicators of mental health and targets for prevention/promotion efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciara Mahon
- School of Psychology, University College Dublin (UCD), Ireland.
| | - Emma Howard
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University College Dublin (UCD), Ireland
| | - Aileen O'Reilly
- School of Psychology, University College Dublin (UCD), Ireland; Jigsaw, The National Centre for Youth Mental Health, Ireland
| | - Barbara Dooley
- School of Psychology, University College Dublin (UCD), Ireland
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14
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Mugler N, Baurecht H, Lam K, Leitzmann M, Jochem C. The Effectiveness of Interventions to Reduce Sedentary Time in Different Target Groups and Settings in Germany: Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis and Recommendations on Interventions. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:10178. [PMID: 36011821 PMCID: PMC9408392 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191610178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sedentary behavior is an important risk factor for several chronic diseases and is associated with an increased risk of mortality. We assessed the effectiveness of interventions to reduce sedentary time in Germany and provide recommendations on interventions to reduce sedentary time in children and adults. METHODS We comprehensively searched PubMed, Web of Science and the German Clinical Trials Register up to April 2022 for intervention studies targeting sedentary behavior in Germany. We performed a systematic review and qualitative synthesis of the interventions and a meta-analysis in children. RESULTS We included 15 studies comprising data from 4588 participants. The results of included primary studies in adults and children showed inconsistent evidence regarding change in sedentary time, with a majority of studies reporting non-significant intervention effects. The meta-analysis in children showed an increase in sedentary time for children in the control and intervention groups. CONCLUSION We found inconsistent evidence regarding the effectiveness of interventions to reduce time spent sedentary and our meta-analysis showed an increase in sedentary time in children. For children, we recommend physical and social environment interventions with an active involvement of families. For adults, we recommend physical environment interventions, such as height-adjustable desks at work.
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15
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Debele GR, Tsegaye D, Gemechu T, Siraj SZ. Influences of parental monitoring and school connectedness on age at first sexual debut among unmarried female youth in Bedele town, Ethiopia: A survival analysis of timing using accelerated failure time model. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0271906. [PMID: 35881614 PMCID: PMC9321400 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The age of first sexual debut among youth continues to attract interest as it marks the start of their exposure to a variety of sexual and reproductive health problems. Parental monitoring (PM) and school connectedness (SC) has been found to have an effect on this problem. Despite this fact, there is a dearth of literature on implications of PM and SC on age at first sexual debut in Ethiopia. Therefore, this paper examined the influences of PM and SC age at first sexual debut among female youth. Methods A retrospective follow-up study was conducted on 470 randomly selected female youth in Bedele town, Oromia regional state, southwest Ethiopia from February 1 to March 30, 2021. The age at first sexual debut was asked in full years for respondents who ever engaged in sexual debut at a time of data collection. Data were entered using Epi-Data version 4.6 and analyzed using Stata version 14. All variables at P-values less than 0.2 in bivariable analysis were exported to multivariable analysis. Multivariable Accelerated Failure Time (AFT) regression analyses using Weibull distribution were used to examine the association of age at first sexual debut with PM and SC at 5% level of significance. Results Overall, 132(28.1%) youths were begun sexual activities of which 79.54% was an early (vaginal penetrative sex before 18 years old). The incidence rate was 15.58/1000 PY with 95% CI of [13.14, 18.47]. The result shows that, female youth start first sexual debut as early as 10 year and mean age was 16.89±2.82. Only 27.97% of those who began sexual debut used contraception during first sex. Multivariable Weibull AFT regression analyses adjusted for different variables showed that high PM (Adjusted Time Ratio (ATR) 1.13: 95%CI; [1.04, 1.21]) and good SC (ATR: 1.14: 95% CI; [1.06, 1.22] significantly delays the age at first sexual debut. Conclusions Overall, four out of every five premarital sexual activities were early sexual debuts. High PM and high SC significantly decrease early sexual debut by delaying the age of sexual initiation. Therefore, family and school involvement focused on PM and SC of the youth is recommended as an important mechanism for preventing youths’ risky sexual behaviour, including early sexual debut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gebiso Roba Debele
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Mettu University, Mettu, Ethiopia
- * E-mail:
| | - Dereje Tsegaye
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Mettu University, Mettu, Ethiopia
| | | | - Sabit Zenu Siraj
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Mettu University, Mettu, Ethiopia
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Jin Q, Ma W, Zhang Y, Wang H, Hao J, Geng Y, Zhong B, Li J, Hou W, Lu S. Risk Factors Associated With Increased Anxiety Sensitivity in Children and Adolescents in Northwest China During COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown. Front Psychol 2022; 13:933207. [PMID: 35874358 PMCID: PMC9305390 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.933207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose A large body of evidence has revealed that the sudden outbreak of public health emergencies induces dramatic effects on the mental health of the general public. We aimed to investigate the level of anxiety sensitivity and its risk factors in children and adolescents from northwest China during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown in early 2020. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted through the Wenjuanxing platform using a convenience sampling method between 18 and 26 February 2020. The self-designed questionnaire contained sociodemographic characteristics, factors associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, and the Childhood Anxiety Sensitivity Index (CASI) scale. The data from 1,091 valid questionnaires from students aged 9–17 years were analyzed using ANOVA, multiple linear regression, and binary logistic regression. Results The average CASI scores were 11.47 ± 6.631, and 642 students (58.9%) had prominent anxiety sensitivity. Gender, education level, family members participating in anti-COVID-19 work, getting ill and needing medical help during the lockdown, feeling afraid or having heart palpitations on hearing things associated with COVID-19, believing that COVID-19 would have adverse impacts on themselves or their family in the future, and fear of infection were identified as significant factors for elevated levels of anxiety sensitivity (p < 0.05). We established a multiple linear regression model for the anxiety sensitivity score. Risk factors found for anxiety sensitivity in children and adolescents during the COVID-19 lockdown included studying in secondary or high school, becoming ill during the pandemic, feeling afraid or experiencing rapid heartbeat or palpitations on hearing about the COVID-19 pandemic, thinking that COVID-19 would have an adverse impact on themselves or their family in the future, and fear of infection. Conclusions During the COVID-19 pandemic and home quarantine, scores measuring the prevalence of anxiety sensitivity in children and adolescents from northwest China were elevated. We should develop measures that especially target possible risk factors to intervene against and prevent anxiety sensitivity in children and adolescents in both the current and future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoyan Jin
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Wenxian Ma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Huiyuan Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Juanjuan Hao
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yan Geng
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bo Zhong
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wei Hou
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Hou
| | - Shemin Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
- Shemin Lu
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Theoretical Approaches to Research on the Social Determinants of Obesity. Am J Prev Med 2022; 63:S8-S17. [PMID: 35725145 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2022.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This article reviews selected theoretical approaches explaining the social determinants of obesity. The significance of this topic for medicine, public health, and other areas of obesity-related research is the growing body of evidence showing that the social environment is often key to understanding the risk of obesity. A review of relevant literature and analysis of empirical evidence linking theory to data in studies of obesity was performed. Several studies show that differences in social behavior and living conditions associated with SES, lifestyles, inequality, and other social variables have important roles in weight gain. Because the social determinants of obesity often begin in childhood, life course theory and its concepts of cumulative advantage/disadvantage and cumulative inequality are initially reviewed, followed by a discussion of how fundamental cause theory, health lifestyle theory, and cultural capital theory can be applied to obesity research. The stress process model and the concepts of social networks and neighborhood disadvantage concerning obesity are also included.
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Dimitrova E, Kotzeva T. Adolescent risk behaviours and family settings in Bulgaria: An evidence-based approach to effective family support policies. JOURNAL OF MOTHER AND CHILD 2022; 25:139-150. [PMID: 35143718 PMCID: PMC9097663 DOI: 10.34763/jmotherandchild.20212503si.d-21-00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The paper focuses on Bulgarian adolescents' behaviours that put their health at risk and their relationship to family-related characteristics: structure of family and material status, family support, communication with parents, parental monitoring and school-related parental support. It also discusses intervention programs with a focus on parent support gradient. MATERIAL AND METHODS The analysis is based on the Bulgarian sample of Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children survey, the 2018 round. Logistic regression models of current cigarette smoking, regular alcohol consumption, sexual debut and current cannabis use are applied. Main national programs on adolescent health and the parental involvement component in them are also discussed. RESULTS The statistical analyses reveal significant gender and age differences in Bulgarian adolescents' health risk behaviours. Girls have significantly higher odds of smoking and are less likely to report an early start of sexual life. Odds of cigarette smoking and regular alcohol consumption increase with age. Children living with one parent have significantly higher odds of smoking, regular alcohol consumption and current cannabis use. Interactions between FAS and family support reveal that students who report low family support, regardless of the material status of the family, have significantly higher odds of health risk behaviours. CONCLUSION The main contribution of the analysis reveals the alleviating effect of family support on socio-economic inequalities between families. An evidence-based approach delineating a preventive potential of family support on Bulgarian adolescents' health risk behaviours despite the level of family affluence provides solid arguments for increasing national family support programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elitsa Dimitrova
- Institute for Population and Human Studies – Bulgarian Academy of Sciences & Plovdiv University Paisii HilendarskiPlovdivBulgaria, E-mail:
| | - Tatyana Kotzeva
- Burgas Free University & Institute for Population and Human Studies – Bulgarian Academy of SciencesBurgasBulgaria
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19
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Moderating effects of teachers’ praise/criticism on the bullying of vulnerable students among teenagers. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03032-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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20
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Ha AS, Zeng T, Wang L, Ng JYY. Parental Support, Children's Physical Activity, Dietary Behaviors and Health-Related Quality of Life: Evidence From Three Asian Cities. Int J Behav Med 2022; 29:752-761. [PMID: 35316508 DOI: 10.1007/s12529-022-10056-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parental support is crucial for children's healthy lifestyle formation. The present study examined the relations between parental support (i.e., encouragement and praise), children's perceived autonomy support and behaviors in the domains of physical activity (PA) and diet, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) simultaneously in Asia. METHOD Children aged 9 to 12 years and their parents (2065 dyads) in three Asian cities completed the respective questionnaires. Children reported perceived PA and dietary autonomy support, PA frequency, dietary behaviors, and HRQoL. Parents reported their PA and dietary support. The relations between parental support, children's perceived autonomy support an behaviors in the PA, and dietary domains as well as HRQoL were examined using multigroup path analyses. RESULTS Among three cities, the indirect effects of parental support on children's self-report PA or HRQoL via children's perceived PA autonomy support were significant. A hypothetical sequential indirect effect from parental PA support to children's HRQoL via children's perceived PA autonomy support and self-report PA was observed in Hong Kong. In Hong Kong and Taipei samples, the indirect effect of parental PA support on children's HRQoL via children's self-report PA and the indirect effect of children's perceived PA autonomy support on HRQoL via children's self-report PA were significant. In Hong Kong and Shanghai samples, children's perceived dietary autonomy support showed positive effect on HRQoL via healthy food consumption. CONCLUSIONS Congruent findings across three cities suggest that parents should provide support via encouragement and praise to facilitate children's perceived autonomy support and further increase PA and HRQoL. Our study adds to the literature by examining relations of parental support and children's healthy lifestyle in Asia and provides insights to parents and researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy S Ha
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Taoran Zeng
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lijuan Wang
- School of Physical Education and Sport Training, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Johan Y Y Ng
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
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21
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Mollborn S, Modile A. "Dedicated to being healthy": Young adults' deployments of health-focused cultural capital. Soc Sci Med 2022; 293:114648. [PMID: 34906829 PMCID: PMC8810689 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.114648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Performances of "health" through diet, exercise, and body size are an increasingly important form of cultural capital transmitted to children. Yet less is known about how socioeconomically privileged young people internalize and deploy that capital or how those less privileged manage their relative lack of capital. How does health-focused cultural capital acquired in childhood shape socioeconomic inequalities, health behaviors, and understandings of health in young adulthood? Our analysis of 113 interviews found that health-focused cultural capital acquired in early life reinforced young adults' socioeconomic and health advantages by helping them claim discipline and morality on the basis of their health behaviors and body size. Two key phenomena tended to be present among our many socioeconomically privileged but not our fewer less privileged participants: family socialization into classed diet- and exercise-related health behaviors resulting in a classed appearance of health (despite less-than-ideal behaviors), and cohesive life course narratives linking these behaviors to hard work and moral worth. Less socioeconomically privileged participants' understandings of health and healthy behaviors were different, rarely linking health to worthiness and discipline. To understand the intergenerational transmission of socioeconomic attainment and health in US society, we must consider how behaviors and group-based norms, identities, and understandings of health coalesce in classed health lifestyles that convey cultural capital.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Mollborn
- Department of Sociology, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden; Institute of Behavioral Science and Department of Sociology, University of Colorado Boulder, UCB 483, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA.
| | - Adenife Modile
- Institute of Behavioral Science and Department of Sociology, University of Colorado Boulder, UCB 483, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
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22
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Kalmijn M. Intergenerational transmission of health behaviors in a changing demographic context: The case of smoking and alcohol consumption. Soc Sci Med 2022; 296:114736. [DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.114736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Llauradó E, Aceves-Martins M, Prades-Tena J, Besora-Moreno M, Papell-Garcia I, Giralt M, Davies A, Tarro L, Solà R. Adolescents encouraging healthy lifestyles through a peer-led social marketing intervention: Training and key competencies learned by peer leaders. Health Expect 2021; 25:455-465. [PMID: 34936175 PMCID: PMC8849247 DOI: 10.1111/hex.13406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adolescents who participate as peer leaders can benefit and acquire competencies from their peer leadership experience. Objectives To identify the competencies gained by adolescents who participated as peer leaders in a healthy lifestyle study and to determine whether the training characteristics were related to improvement in competencies. Design The present study was part of the European Youth Tackling Obesity (EYTO) project, a multicentre social marketing intervention involving four European countries. Setting and Participants Eighteen peer leaders (aged 13–15 years, three or five leaders per country) from disadvantaged neighbourhoods received training in designing and implementing activities for their peers. Measures The peer leaders' confidence, experience and interest in 11 tasks related to lifelong learning competencies were assessed with questions rated on a colour scale at baseline and at the end of the study. Results The peer leaders demonstrated improvements in experience, confidence and interest in different tasks, such as research, website or logo design, oral presentations, social media use and collaboration with people from other countries. They increased their confidence in management tasks (p = 0.03) and their confidence and experience in communication tasks (p = 0.01). The peer leaders from Spain and Portugal had greater improvements than those from the other countries. Conclusion The peer leaders improved their confidence in management tasks and their confidence and experience in communication tasks. Slight differences were detected in improvement in competencies by country, likely due to the differences in the peer training applied. Recommendations for peer leader training are proposed, although these results should be verified with larger sample size. Patient or Public Contribution The peer leaders contributed to the design and implementation of the training and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabet Llauradó
- Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Functional Nutrition, Oxidation, and Cardiovascular Diseases Group (NFOC-Salut), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Magaly Aceves-Martins
- Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Functional Nutrition, Oxidation, and Cardiovascular Diseases Group (NFOC-Salut), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Jordi Prades-Tena
- Departament d'Estudis de Comunicació, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Maria Besora-Moreno
- Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Functional Nutrition, Oxidation, and Cardiovascular Diseases Group (NFOC-Salut), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Ignasi Papell-Garcia
- Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Reus, Spain
| | - Montse Giralt
- Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Functional Nutrition, Oxidation, and Cardiovascular Diseases Group (NFOC-Salut), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Amy Davies
- Health & Social Care, National Children's Bureau, London, UK
| | - Lucia Tarro
- Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Functional Nutrition, Oxidation, and Cardiovascular Diseases Group (NFOC-Salut), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Rosa Solà
- Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Functional Nutrition, Oxidation, and Cardiovascular Diseases Group (NFOC-Salut), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Reus, Spain.,Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, Reus, Spain
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Polos J, Koning S, McDade T. Do intersecting identities structure social contexts to influence life course health? The case of school peer economic disadvantage and obesity. Soc Sci Med 2021; 289:114424. [PMID: 34649177 PMCID: PMC8631455 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.114424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Scholarship linking social contextual measures to health outcomes has grown in recent decades, but the role of individuals' intersecting identities in structuring social contexts to influence health remains unclear. Building on an existing intersectionality framework, we conceptualize how this may occur through social relationships. Then, we apply this framework to analyze whether adolescent peer social contextual disadvantage influences life-course obesity heterogeneously by individual gender, race, and early-life income. We take a life course approach as adolescence is a sensitive period for both social development and adult obesity development. In our analysis, we use cohort data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health and leverage quasi-experimental variation in adolescent peers to addresses common sources of bias in prior observational studies. We find that among Black men from lower-income households in adolescence, there is a strong negative relationship between adolescent peer economic disadvantage and adult obesity that strengthens over time. By contrast, among Black women across adolescent household income levels, we find a strong positive relationship between adolescent peer economic disadvantage and obesity that emerges as women leave high school and endures into mid-adulthood. Among non-Black women, a more modest positive relationship appears between peer disadvantage and obesity. Among non-Black men, we find no relationship. These diverging patterns suggest that the pathways through which adolescent peer economic disadvantage influences health may differ or produce differential effects based on intersecting race, gender, and socioeconomic identities. Such heterogenous effects offer new insights, and future directions, for better understanding social life-course determinants of adult health and addressing inequities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Polos
- Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, 2040 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208-4100, USA.
| | - Stephanie Koning
- Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, 2040 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208-4100, USA
| | - Thomas McDade
- Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, 2040 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208-4100, USA; Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University, 1810 Hinman St., Evanston, IL, 60208-1310, USA
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25
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Mollborn S, Lawrence E, Krueger PM. Developing Health Lifestyle Pathways and Social Inequalities across Early Childhood. POPULATION RESEARCH AND POLICY REVIEW 2021; 40:1085-1117. [PMID: 34720278 PMCID: PMC8552713 DOI: 10.1007/s11113-020-09615-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Lifestyles are a long-theorized aspect of social inequalities that root individual behaviors in social group differences. Although the health lifestyle construct is an important advance for understanding social inequalities and health behaviors, research has not theorized or investigated the longitudinal development of health lifestyles from infancy through the transition to school. This study documented children's longitudinal health lifestyle pathways, articulated and tested a theoretical framework of health lifestyle development in early life, and assessed associations with kindergarten cognition, socioemotional behavior, and health. Latent class analyses identified health lifestyle pathways using the US Early Childhood Longitudinal Study - Birth Cohort (ECLS-B; N≈6,550). Children's health lifestyle pathways were complex, combining healthier and unhealthier behaviors and changing with age. Social background prior to birth was associated with health lifestyle pathways, as were parents' resources, health behaviors, and non-health-focused parenting. Developing health lifestyle pathways were related to kindergarten cognition, behavior, and health net of social background and other parent influences. Thus, family context is important for the development of complex health lifestyle pathways across early childhood, which have implications for school preparedness and thus for social inequalities and well-being throughout life. Developing health lifestyles both reflect and reproduce social inequalities across generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Mollborn
- Institute of Behavioral Science and Department of Sociology, University of Colorado Boulder
| | | | - Patrick M Krueger
- Department of Health & Behavioral Sciences, University of Colorado Denver
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26
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Boardman JD, Fletcher JM. Evaluating the Continued Integration of Genetics into Medical Sociology. JOURNAL OF HEALTH AND SOCIAL BEHAVIOR 2021; 62:404-418. [PMID: 34355610 PMCID: PMC8771926 DOI: 10.1177/00221465211032581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The 2010 special issue of Journal of Health and Social Behavior, titled "Fifty Years of Medical Sociology," defined the contours of the medical sociological perspective. We use this as a backdrop to outline and assess the continued integration of genetics into medical sociology research. We contend that the explosion of genetic and epigenetic data in population health data sources has made the medical sociological perspective increasingly relevant to researchers outside of sociology, including public health, epidemiology, and quantitative genetics. We describe vast, underappreciated, and mostly unsolved challenges that limit the scientifically appropriate interest in incorporating genetics into existing paradigms. It is our hope that medical sociologists continue this integration but redouble efforts to maintain the core insights in social science research, such as the importance of environmental and structural (i.e., nonbiological) factors in determining health processes and outcomes and the use of rich, integrated, and rigorous empirical analyses.
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27
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Mollborn S, Lawrence EM, Onge JMS. Contributions and Challenges in Health Lifestyles Research. JOURNAL OF HEALTH AND SOCIAL BEHAVIOR 2021; 62:388-403. [PMID: 34528487 PMCID: PMC8792463 DOI: 10.1177/0022146521997813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The concept of health lifestyles is moving scholarship beyond individual health behaviors to integrated bundles of behaviors undergirded by group-based identities and norms. Health lifestyles research merges structure with agency, individual-level processes with group-level processes, and multifaceted behaviors with norms and identities, shedding light on why health behaviors persist or change and on the reproduction of health disparities and other social inequalities. Recent contributions have applied new methods and life course perspectives, articulating health lifestyles's dynamic relationships to social contexts and demonstrating their implications for health and development. Culturally focused work has shown how health lifestyles function as signals for status and identity and perpetuate inequalities. We synthesize literature to articulate recent advances and challenges and demonstrate how health lifestyles research can strengthen health policies and inform scholarship on inequalities. Future work emphasizing health lifestyles's collective nature and attending to upstream social structures will further elucidate complex social processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Mollborn
- Institute of Behavioral Science and Department of Sociology, University of Colorado Boulder, UCB 483, 1440 15 St, Boulder, CO 80309-0483, USA
| | - Elizabeth M. Lawrence
- Department of Sociology, University of Nevada-Las Vegas, 4505 S. Maryland Pkwy, Las Vegas, NV 89154
| | - Jarron M. Saint Onge
- Departments of Sociology and Health Policy and Management, University of Kansas, 716 Fraser Hall, Lawrence, KS 66045-7556
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28
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Kieslinger K, Wartha O, Pollatos O, Steinacker JM, Kobel S. Parental Self-Efficacy-A Predictor of Children's Health Behaviors? Its Impact on Children's Physical Activity and Screen Media Use and Potential Interaction Effect Within a Health Promotion Program. Front Psychol 2021; 12:712796. [PMID: 34456826 PMCID: PMC8397494 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.712796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Insufficient physical activity (PA) and increased screen media use (SMU) can have detrimental effects on children's health. Parental self-efficacy (PSE) can act as an important predictor for a healthy upbringing. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of PSE on children's PA and SMU. Additionally, a moderating effect of PSE on the intervention effect of the health promotion program “Join the Healthy Boat” was examined. Using a prospective randomized controlled trial, 558 kindergarten children (3.6 years [SD = 0.6]) were examined. Data was collected using parental self-report. A significant influence of PSE on children's PA (B = 0.33, p = 0.025) and children's SMU (B = 0.42, p = 0.006) was found. The moderating effect of PSE on the intervention effect was neither significantly related to children's PA (p = 0.360) nor to children's SMU (p = 0.531). This confirms the importance of PSE on children's health development. Despite the lack of a moderating effect, interventions should also promote healthy activity behaviors and self-efficacy for parents in order to engage children in a healthy lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Kieslinger
- Department Clinical and Health Psychology, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Olivia Wartha
- Division of Sports and Rehabilitation Medicine, Centre of Medicine, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Olga Pollatos
- Department Clinical and Health Psychology, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jürgen M Steinacker
- Division of Sports and Rehabilitation Medicine, Centre of Medicine, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Susanne Kobel
- Division of Sports and Rehabilitation Medicine, Centre of Medicine, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
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29
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Andersson MA, Maralani V, Wilkinson R. Origins and Destinations, but How Much and When? Educational Disparities in Smoking and Drinking Across Adolescence and Young Adulthood. POPULATION RESEARCH AND POLICY REVIEW 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11113-021-09659-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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30
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Chao KY, Cheng W. An Effective Life-Sex-Emotions Course for Taiwanese Adolescents on Health Perceptions: A Cohort Study. Front Public Health 2021; 9:660229. [PMID: 34095064 PMCID: PMC8170017 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.660229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Adolescence is a time of transition from childhood to adulthood, when young people go through a number of vital physical and psychological developments. It is surprising yet unfortunate that the number of teenage suicide deaths and teenage infections of gonorrhea have increased over the years, becoming serious public health concerns in Taiwan. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of an education course on teenagers' understanding of adolescence and their attitudes toward life, sex, gender equality, and mental health. Material and Methods: Participants were comprised of Taiwanese students in Grades 5 to 9 who completed a Life–Sex–Emotions course, titled “Sailing through Adolescence.” The effect of the course was measured using pre- and post-test scores on the Perception Index of Life–Sex–Emotions Education (PILSEE) instrument. Qualitative data included subjective responses to questions before and after the course. Data were collected between September 2017 and June 2020. Results: A total of 10,506 completed questionnaires were collected. The mean PILSEE pretest scores for each subscale ranged from 8.71 to 13.37 (SD = 1.499–1.99); posttest subscale scores ranged from 9.30 to 13.95 (SD range = 1.490–2.288). The mean overall pretest score was 86.86 (SD = 10.83); the mean posttest score was 92.62 (SD = 10.30). The paired t-test demonstrated that post-test scores were significantly higher than pretest scores (t = 55.46; p < 0.01). Qualitative feedback indicated that the course improved students' self-esteem, their understanding adolescence, and awareness of influences of the media. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that an educational course about life, sex, and emotions during adolescence can be an effective intervention to help teenagers understand the impact of adolescence on attitudes toward life, sex, mental health, and gender equality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Yu Chao
- Department of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Wei Cheng
- Department of Pathology, Kee-Lung Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Kee-Lung, Taiwan.,School of Nursing, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Nursing, Ching Kuo Institute of Management and Health, Kee-Lung, Taiwan
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31
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Fomby P, Goode JA, Truong-Vu KP, Mollborn S. Adolescent Technology, Sleep, and Physical Activity Time in Two US Cohorts. YOUTH & SOCIETY 2021; 53:585-609. [PMID: 33911316 PMCID: PMC8074863 DOI: 10.1177/0044118x19868365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The advent of internet-enabled mobile digital devices has transformed US adolescent technology use over the last decade, yet little is known about how these changes map onto other health-related behaviors. We provide a national profile of how contemporary technology use fits into adolescents' daily health lifestyles compared to the previous generation, with particular attention to whether and for whom technology use displaces time spent in sleep or physical activity. Time diaries were collected from 11-17 year olds in 2002-03 (N=1,139) and 2014-16 (N=527) through the US Panel Study of Income Dynamics Child Development Supplement. Contemporary adolescents spent 40 minutes more per week in technology-focused activities, but their composition was more varied compared to the earlier cohort. Contemporary technology use was predictive of less time in physical activity, and adolescents engaged in frequent video game play spent less time in physical activity compared to peers with other technology use profiles.
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Parental Self-Efficacy to Promote Children's Healthy Lifestyles: A Pilot and Feasibility Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18094794. [PMID: 33946225 PMCID: PMC8125552 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18094794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Positive parenting programs are a key strategy to promote the development of parental competence. We designed a pilot study based on parental self-efficacy to promote healthy lifestyles in their children aged between 2 to 5 years old. In this pilot study, we aimed to assess the effects of a parenting program on parental self-efficacy and parenting styles. Twenty-five parents were allocated into intervention (N = 15) and control group (N = 10). Parents from the intervention group received four group sessions (120 mi per session) to develop a positive parenting, parenting styles and parenting skills regarding to children’s diet, exercise, and screen time, and two additional sessions about child development and family games. Parents from the control group received these two latter sessions. Parental self-efficacy, parenting styles, and meal-related parenting practices were measured before and after the intervention and at 3-month follow-up. Acceptability and feasibility of the program was also measured. Quantitative data were analyzed using the repeat measures ANOVA and ANCOVA tests and the effect size calculation. Content analysis was used to analyse open questions. Positive trends were found regarding parental self-efficacy and the use of authoritative parenting style. Parents also reported a great acceptability of the program getting high satisfaction. According to the feasibility barriers and facilitators aspects were identified. The positive trends founded in this study support the development of parenting programs to promote healthy lifestyle in children.
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33
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Michaelson V, Pilato KA, Davison CM. Family as a health promotion setting: A scoping review of conceptual models of the health-promoting family. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0249707. [PMID: 33844692 PMCID: PMC8041208 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The family is a key setting for health promotion. Contemporary health promoting family models can establish scaffolds for shaping health behaviors and can be useful tools for education and health promotion. Objectives The objective of this scoping review is to provide details as to how conceptual and theoretical models of the health promoting potential of the family are being used in health promotion contexts. Design Guided by PRISMA ScR guidelines, we used a three-step search strategy to find relevant papers. This included key-word searching electronic databases (Medline, PSycINFO, Embase, and CINAHL), searching the reference lists of included studies, and intentionally searching for grey literature (in textbooks, dissertations, thesis manuscripts and reports.) Results After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, the overall search generated 113 included manuscripts/chapters with 118 unique models. Through our analysis of these models, three main themes were apparent: 1) ecological factors are central components to most models or conceptual frameworks; 2) models were attentive to cultural and other diversities, allowing room for a wide range of differences across family types, and for different and ever-expanding social norms and roles; and 3) the role of the child as a passive recipient of their health journey rather than as an active agent in promoting their own family health was highlighted as an important gap in many of the identified models. Conclusions This review contributes a synthesis of contemporary literature in this area and supports the priority of ecological frameworks and diversity of family contexts. It encourages researchers, practitioners and family stakeholders to recognize the value of the child as an active agent in shaping the health promoting potential of their family context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Michaelson
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Kelly A. Pilato
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Canada
| | - Colleen M. Davison
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, Canada
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34
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Colen CG, Pinchak NP, Barnett KS. Racial Disparities in Health Among College-Educated African Americans: Can Attendance at Historically Black Colleges or Universities Reduce the Risk of Metabolic Syndrome in Midlife? Am J Epidemiol 2021; 190:553-561. [PMID: 33150382 PMCID: PMC8024041 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwaa245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We expand on existing understandings of health disparities among middle-class African Americans by examining how the postsecondary educational context gives rise to the unequal distribution of health. We used panel data (1994-2009) from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) to estimate whether the risk of developing metabolic syndrome by midlife significantly differs for African Americans who attended Historically Black College or Universities (HBCUs) versus predominantly White institutions. We found that HBCU enrollment was associated with a 35% reduction in the odds of metabolic syndrome. Furthermore, we demonstrate that HBCU attendees who grew up in more segregated environments experienced the greatest reductions in the likelihood of developing metabolic syndrome. Our results underscore the important role that HBCUs play in the lives of African Americans and suggest their impacts go far beyond traditional benchmarks of socioeconomic achievement to include key health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia G Colen
- Correspondence to Dr. Cynthia G. Colen, Department of Sociology, 238 Townshend Hall, 1885 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210 (e-mail: )
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35
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Kloek GC, Jongert MWA, de Vries SI. Evaluation of a school-based multicomponent behavioural intervention in deprived urban areas for children classified as overweight, obese or at risk for overweight. BMC Res Notes 2021; 14:100. [PMID: 33731166 PMCID: PMC7968221 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-021-05513-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the effect of an after-school group-based medium-intensity multicomponent behavioural intervention programme for children aged 8-12 years classified as overweight, obese or at risk for overweight on body mass index standard deviation score (BMI SDS). In accordance with standardized protocols body weight and height were measured in 195 participants (88 boys, 107 girls) at baseline and at the end of the programme. A total of 166 children derived from a school-based monitoring system served as control group. Multivariate regression analyses examined the effect of the intervention and the independent factors associated with better outcomes in the intervention group. RESULTS Analysis of covariance showed a significant intervention effect on BMI SDS in favour of the intervention group (b-coefficient - 0.13 ± 0.03; p < 0.01) compared with the control group. Change in BMI SDS between baseline and follow-up in the intervention group was associated with baseline age (b-coefficient 0.03 ± 0.02; p = 0.04) but was independent from gender, ethnicity, baseline BMI SDS, time between baseline and follow-up, school year and attendance rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gitte C. Kloek
- Research Group Healthy Lifestyle in a Supporting Environment, Faculty of Health, Nutrition & Sport, The Hague University of Applied Sciences, PO Box 13336, 2501 EH The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Martien W. A. Jongert
- Dutch Institute of Allied Health Care, PO Box 1161, 3800 BD Amersfoort, The Netherlands
| | - Sanne I. de Vries
- Research Group Healthy Lifestyle in a Supporting Environment, Faculty of Health, Nutrition & Sport, The Hague University of Applied Sciences, PO Box 13336, 2501 EH The Hague, The Netherlands
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36
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Mollborn S, Lawrence EM, Hummer RA. A gender framework for understanding health lifestyles. Soc Sci Med 2020; 265:113182. [PMID: 32942201 PMCID: PMC7738408 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE A health lifestyles approach holds promise for understanding change in women's and men's health behaviors and reducing gendered health disparities. The emerging theoretical and empirical literature on health lifestyles (individuals' bundled health behaviors that are shaped by group-based identities and norms) helps elucidate complex disparities in health behaviors, but research is needed on how gender shapes the development of health lifestyles. This study proposed and assessed a dynamic multilevel framework for understanding health lifestyles that draws on insights from contemporary gender and life course scholarship. DATA Using the transition from adolescence into adulthood as an empirical case, we analyzed US data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health; N = 6605), which followed adolescents through young adulthood, collecting information on their health behaviors and social contexts. FINDINGS Latent class analyses showed that health lifestyles differed significantly by gender. Results supported the dynamic multilevel framework, finding more variation in health lifestyle behaviors within genders than between, high levels of change across ages, intersections of gender with age, and socioeconomic status as a structural pathway for gender's influence. CONCLUSION Taken together, these findings suggest that conceptualizing gender as a dynamic multilevel system intersecting with other social statuses is fruitful for understanding how health lifestyles form and change. These findings can inform more effective policies to change health behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Mollborn
- Institute of Behavioral Science and Department of Sociology, University of Colorado Boulder, UCB 483, 1440 15th St, Boulder, CO, 80309-0483, USA.
| | - Elizabeth M Lawrence
- Department of Sociology, University of Nevada-Las Vegas, 4505 S. Maryland Pkwy, Las Vegas, NV, 89154, USA
| | - Robert A Hummer
- Carolina Population Center and Department of Sociology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, 123 W. Franklin St, Chapel Hill, NC, 27516, USA
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Sigmund E, Sigmundová D, Badura P. Excessive body weight of children and adolescents in the spotlight of their parents' overweight and obesity, physical activity, and screen time. Int J Public Health 2020; 65:1309-1317. [PMID: 32613262 PMCID: PMC7588386 DOI: 10.1007/s00038-020-01419-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The main aim of this study was to bridge the research gap in the countries of Central Europe using the family dyad approach to examine the associations of parents' overweight/obesity, physical activity (PA), and screen time (ST) with excessive body weight in their offspring. METHODS The cross-sectional study included 1101 parent-child dyads (648/453 mother/father-child aged 4-16) selected by two-stage stratified random sampling with complete data on body weight categories, weekly PA (Yamax pedometer), ST (family logbook) collected over a regular school/working week during the spring and autumn seasons between 2013 and 2019. Binary logistic regression analyses were used to identify which of parents' lifestyle indicators were associated with the overweight/obesity of their offspring. RESULTS The mother's overweight/obesity significantly increases her children's odds of overweight/obesity. Concerning fathers, active participation in organized leisure-time PA and reaching 10,000 steps per day significantly reduce the odds of overweight/obesity in their children and adolescent offspring. CONCLUSIONS The cumulative effect of parental participation in organized leisure-time PA with their own family-related PA can be a natural means of preventing the development of overweight/obesity in their offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Sigmund
- Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University Olomouc, Tr. Miru 117, 77111 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Dagmar Sigmundová
- Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University Olomouc, Tr. Miru 117, 77111 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Badura
- Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University Olomouc, Tr. Miru 117, 77111 Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Association between socioeconomic status and the trajectory of insufficient sleep: Maternal emotional support as a moderator. Soc Sci Med 2020; 261:113237. [PMID: 32745826 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the association between SES and the trajectory of insufficient sleep among children aged 0.5-8 years and to investigate whether these associations vary by age. The moderating role of maternal emotional support was further explored. METHOD Data were obtained from 20,874 children participating in the Taiwan Birth Cohort Study. Multilevel models were conducted to explore the association between SES and the trajectory of insufficient sleep. The moderating role of maternal emotional support was examined by testing the significance of the interaction between SES and emotional support. RESULTS Low parental education and poverty contributed to increased risk of insufficient sleep, and the observed associations varied by age. Specifically, the influences of parental education increased with age, and the effects of poverty were significant only among preschoolaged children. Poverty dynamics were also significantly associated with an elevated risk of insufficient sleep, but the association was mitigated by maternal emotional support. CONCLUSIONS Children with low SES exhibited increased risk of insufficient sleep. Furthermore, the relationship between SES and insufficient sleep differed by age, with varying patterns emerging for different SES indicators. However, the negative influences of low SES could be mitigated by increasing maternal emotional support. Interventions that reduce SES disparity or enhance maternal emotional support could decrease the risk of insufficient sleep among children living with an SES disadvantage.
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Abstract
A growing body of work identifies distinct health lifestyles among children, adolescents, and young adults and documents important social correlates. This study contributes to that line of research by identifying the health lifestyles of U.S. adults entering late middle age, assessing structural predictors of membership in different health lifestyles in this understudied age-group, and examining net associations between health lifestyles, chronic conditions, and physical health. The data come from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 50+ Health Module. The analysis is based on respondents who answered the 50+ Health Module in 2008, 2010, 2012, or 2014 (N = 7,234). The results confirm similar relationships between health lifestyles and structural factors like class, gender, and race that prior studies observe and also reveal a unique pattern of associations between health lifestyle and health status because of diagnosed conditions that impact health behaviors in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- William C Cockerham
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL and College of William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA, USA
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Hang H, Davies I, Schüring J. Children's conformity to social norms to eat healthy: A developmental perspective. Soc Sci Med 2019; 244:112666. [PMID: 31722276 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2019.112666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Previous studies suggest injunctive norms (prompts of what people ought to do) are stronger predictors of healthy eating intentions, whereas descriptive norms (prompts of what people are doing) are stronger predictors of healthy eating behaviors. However, previous research provides little insight into why different norms influence children's health intentions and behaviors differently. In addition, no research has explored developmental differences in children's conformity to, or rejection of, different types of social normative influence. Thus, this paper adopts a developmental perspective to understand why children conform differently to descriptive and injunctive norm messaging on healthy eating. METHOD An experiment was done with 405 children in Germany aged 7 to 16. The research design was a 4 (social norms: descriptive vs. injunctive peer vs. injunctive authority vs. control) × 2 (developmental stage: middle childhood vs. adolescence) between-subject design. Children's healthy eating intentions and behaviors were collected as key dependent variables. RESULTS and conclusions: The experimental results suggest that children mainly use a descriptive norm as an information shortcut to behaving "appropriately". This should have a stronger impact on younger children than older ones, although both young and old children consider it easier to understand than an injunctive norm. The experimental results further suggest that an injunctive norm mainly influences children via activation of a motive for maintaining a positive self-image in public, rather than one of affiliation. These results are very important for social research on health, because they can explain why different social norms influence health intentions and behaviors differently. In addition, our finding that injunctive norm conformity is mainly used for impression management purposes can reconcile existing contradictory results on the impact of social norms on children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiming Hang
- School of Management, University of Bath, BA 2 7AY, UK.
| | - Iain Davies
- School of Management, University of Bath, BA 2 7AY, UK
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Socioeconomic Differences and the Potential Role of Tribes in Young People's Food and Drink Purchasing Outside School at Lunchtime. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16142447. [PMID: 31295801 PMCID: PMC6678615 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16142447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Socioeconomic deprivation has been linked to food consumption practices, but studies investigating the food environment around schools provide mixed findings. Peer influence and marketing cues are considered important influencers of young people's behaviors. This study used a tribal theory lens to investigate the factors affecting pupils' purchasing and consumption of food/drinks outside schools at lunchtime. A survey was conducted with 243 pupils from seven UK secondary schools of differing socioeconomic status (SES). A purchasing recall questionnaire (PRQ) was developed and administered online at the participating schools to capture food and drink purchasing, intake, and expenditure. No significant differences were found in terms of energy and nutrients consumed or food/drink expenditure between pupils from schools of lower and higher SES. Enjoyment of food shopping with friends was linked with higher food energy intake and spend. Higher susceptibility to peer influence was associated with greater influence from food advertising and endorsements. Without ignoring the impact that SES can have on young people's food choices, we suggest that tribal theory can be additionally used to understand pupils' eating behaviors and we present implications for social marketers and policy makers.
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Amin SA, Lehnerd M, Cash SB, Economos CD, Sacheck JM. Development of a Tool for Food Literacy Assessment in Children (TFLAC). JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR 2019; 51:364-369. [PMID: 30851841 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2018.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Food literacy provides a framework for food-related knowledge, skills, and behaviors. The aim of this study was to develop a Tool for Food Literacy Assessment in Children (TFLAC), grades 4-5. METHODS Development of the TFLAC consisted of 3 phases: (1) content validity using a 2-round modified Delphi panel (n = 16) and content validity ratios (CVR); (2) pilot-testing (n = 38); and (3) assessment of internal consistency and test-retest reliability (n = 706) using Cronbach α and intraclass correlation coefficients, respectively. Statistical significance was set at P < .05. RESULTS Round 1 (CVR = 0.40) and 2 (CVR = 0.70) Delphi panel feedback and the pilot test informed modifications to the TFLAC question format, wording, and difficulty. Food literacy domain-specific Cronbach α values were acceptable (range, .80-.98) except for cooking knowledge (.63), and intraclass correlation coefficients were 0.64-0.70 (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The TFLAC meets basic psychometric standards and may serve as a foundation for nutrition education intervention design and evaluation. Further testing with a broader geographic audience may be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Amin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI.
| | - Megan Lehnerd
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Framingham State University, Framingham, MA
| | - Sean B Cash
- Gerald J. and Dorothy R. Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA
| | - Christina D Economos
- Gerald J. and Dorothy R. Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA
| | - Jennifer M Sacheck
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC
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Pollatos O, Georgiou E, Kobel S, Schreiber A, Dreyhaupt J, Steinacker JM. Trait-Based Emotional Intelligence, Body Image Dissatisfaction, and HRQoL in Children. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:973. [PMID: 32038322 PMCID: PMC6990369 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Body image dissatisfaction (BID) is related to an increased risk for various health issues including descreased health-related quality of life (HRQoL), the development of problematic eating behaviors and obesity. Previous research indicates that emotional intelligence is one important factor related to BID in adults. Whether this is the case in children, remains yet unknown. Taking this into consideration, the aim of this study was to explore the relationship between BID and trait-based emotion intelligence (TEI) as well as HRQoL in female and male primary school children. MATERIALS AND METHODS TEI and BID were assessed via self-reports as well as HRQoL via parental reports in a large sample of 991 primary school children (429 girls) within the "Baden Württemberg Study", which evaluated the effectiveness of the health prevention programm "Join the Healthy Boat" in Southwestern Germany. RESULTS Our findings demonstrated the interrelation between higher levels of TEI and lower levels of BID among girls and boys. Positive associations were found between better HRQoL, better intrapersonal and stress management abilites (subscales of TEI) and lower BID, as reflected by parental and self-reports. CONCLUSIONS Our results reveal an interconnectivity between TEI, BID, and better HRQoL in female and male primary school children. Although the observed correlations were rather small, they nervertheless support the idea that TEI consists a key-factor for the self-regulation of health-related behavior. Prevention programs could benefit from including processes, that sough to improve aspects of emotional intelligence such as intrapersonal, interpersonal abilities, and adaptability, as an effort of preventing problematic habits or lifestyles that could lead to disordered eating behaviors as well as to obesity in middle childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Pollatos
- Clinical & Health Psychology, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Eleana Georgiou
- Clinical & Health Psychology, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Susanne Kobel
- Division Sports and Rehabilitation Medicine, Research Group "Join the Healthy Boat-Primary School", Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Anja Schreiber
- Division Sports and Rehabilitation Medicine, Research Group "Join the Healthy Boat-Primary School", Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jens Dreyhaupt
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jürgen M Steinacker
- Division Sports and Rehabilitation Medicine, Research Group "Join the Healthy Boat-Primary School", Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
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