1
|
Colburn DA. The Impact of Telehealth Expansion on Health Care Utilization, Access, and Outcomes During the Pandemic: A Systematic Review. Telemed J E Health 2024; 30:1401-1410. [PMID: 38100326 DOI: 10.1089/tmj.2023.0440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic brought unprecedented change to the health care industry, including a large and rapid shift to providing care through telehealth technologies. Although the expansion of telehealth services was successful in continuing to provide patients with care while preventing the spread of disease, it is less clear how patient sociodemographic characteristics influenced telehealth use during this time. This study aims to systematically review the published literature on demographic differences in telehealth access, utilization, and health outcomes among a variety of adult patient types in the United States. Methods: Litcovid, PubMed, Web of Science, and MEDLINE databases were searched, resulting in a final sample of n = 32 studies. Results: Results found that studies could be categorized as addressing at least one of eight different areas of inquiry: sociodemographic differences in telehealth use (1) during and (2) before the pandemic, telehealth use versus nonuse (3) during and (4) before the pandemic, (5) telehealth modality, (6) satisfaction with telehealth, (7) outcomes associated with telehealth use, and (8) perceived or actual access to telehealth services. Discussion: Findings are robust across included studies with respect to racial, age, and socioeconomic differences in telehealth utilization and health outcomes, reflecting sociodemographic differences in health care access, utilization, and outcomes more broadly that persist despite this expansion of telehealth services owing to COVID-19. Additional findings across studies are summarized and areas for future research are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deirdre A Colburn
- Crimes against Children Research Center, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Van Laar C, Van Rossum A, Kosakowska-Berezecka N, Bongiorno R, Block K. MANdatory - why men need (and are needed for) gender equality progress. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1263313. [PMID: 38495418 PMCID: PMC10940445 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1263313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
While much progress has been made towards gender equality, diversity and inclusion in the workplace, education and society, recent years have also revealed continuing challenges that slow or halt this progress. To date, the majority of gender equality action has tended to approach gender equality from one side: being focused on the need to remove barriers for girls and women. We argue that this is only half the battle, and that a focus on men is MANdatory, highlighting three key areas: First, we review men's privileged status as being potentially threatened by progress in gender equality, and the effects of these threats for how men engage in gender-equality progress. Second, we highlight how men themselves are victims of restrictive gender roles, and the consequences of this for men's physical and mental health, and for their engagement at work and at home. Third, we review the role of men as allies in the fight for gender equality, and on the factors that impede and may aid in increasing men's involvement. We end with recommendations for work organizations, educational institutions and society at large to reach and involve men as positive agents of social change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Aster Van Rossum
- Department of Psychology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Renata Bongiorno
- School of Social Sciences, Bath Spa University, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Katharina Block
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Abboah-Offei M, Bayuo J, Salifu Y, Afolabi O, Akudjedu TN. Experiences and perceptions of men following breast cancer diagnosis: a mixed method systematic review. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:179. [PMID: 38317128 PMCID: PMC10845771 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-11911-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Men with breast cancer experience unique physical and emotional challenges. However, a thorough understanding of these experiences including the psychosocial effects and supportive care needs have received less attention. In some settings, men with breast cancer experience stigma within the healthcare system and their care needs are not prioritised. This influences the level of professional support offered, consequently worsening their health and well-being outcomes. This review explored the variabilities in the experiences and treatment modalities of male breast cancer (MBC) across different contexts. METHODS All primary study designs including qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods studies that reported on the experiences, treatment approaches and outcomes of MBC were included in this systematic review. Six databases (Embase, Medline, PsycINFO, Global Health, CINAHL and Web of Science) were searched for articles from January 2000 to September 2023. A results-based convergence synthesis was used for data analysis and reported using PRISMA guidelines. RESULTS Of the studies screened (n = 29,687), forty-four fulfilled the predetermined criteria and were included. Our findings relating to the experiences and treatment approaches of MBC are broadly themed into three parts. Theme 1-Navigating through a threat to masculinity: describes how males experienced the illness reflecting on detection, diagnosis, coming to terms with breast cancer, and disclosure. Theme 2- Navigating through treatment: captures the experiences of undergoing breast cancer treatment/ management following their diagnosis. Theme 3-Coping and support systems: describes how MBC patients coped with the disease, treatment process, aftercare/rehabilitative care, and the available support structures. CONCLUSIONS Men experience a myriad of issues following a breast cancer diagnosis, especially with their masculinity. Awareness creation efforts of MBC among the public and healthcare practitioners are urgently required, which could change the perception of men in promoting early diagnosis, adherence to treatments, post-treatment monitoring, oncological results and a better quality of life. Considerations for training, education and development of specialised guidelines for healthcare practitioners on MBC would provide the necessary knowledge and skills to enhance their practice through the adoption of person-centred and male-specific care strategies. Professional care intervention and support for MBC should not end after the diagnosis phase but should extend to the entire treatment continuum and aftercare including future research focusing on MBC specific clinical trials. TRIAL REGISTRATION PROSPERO Registration No. CRD42021228778.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mary Abboah-Offei
- School of Health and Social Care, Edinburgh Napier University, Sighthill Court, Sighthill Campus, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jonathan Bayuo
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hongkong, China
| | - Yakubu Salifu
- International Observatory On End of Life Care (IOELC), Faculty of Health and Medicine, Division of Health Research, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4AT, UK.
| | - Oladayo Afolabi
- Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing, Midwifery and Palliative Care, King's College London, London, WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Theophilus N Akudjedu
- Institute of Medical Imaging & Visualisation, Department of Medical Science & Public Health, Faculty of Health & Social Science, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth, UK
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Moukafih B, Belaroussi L, Achour S, Kartouti AE. Side Effects Reported by Moroccan Medical Students Who Received COVID-19 Vaccines. Curr Drug Saf 2024; 19:268-276. [PMID: 37138485 DOI: 10.2174/1574886318666230503113713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low confidence in the safety of COVID-19 vaccines was found to be a key promoter of vaccine reluctance especially among youth. Furthermore, young adults are an important demographic for building herd immunity through vaccination. As a result, their reactions to getting COVID-19 vaccines are crucial in our fight against SARS-CoV-2. OBJECTIVE The overall goal of this study was to look into the shortterm side effects experienced by Moroccan medical and pharmacy students after receiving COVID-19 vaccines. METHODS A cross-sectional survey-based study to assess the COVID-19 vaccines' short-term AEFIs among Moroccan medical and pharmacy students. The validated questionnaire was delivered in a digital form to explore the side effects (SE) they encountered after the first or the second dose of one of three vaccines namely: AstraZeneca Vaxzevria, PfizerBioNTeck, and SinoPharm vaccines. RESULTS There were 510 students in total who took part. After the first and second doses, approximately 72 percent and 78 percent of subjects, respectively, reported no SE. The remainder had localized injection site side effects (26%). Fatigue (21%), fever (19%), headache (17%), and myalgia (16%) were the most common systemic adverse effects after the first dose. There were no serious SEs reported. CONCLUSION The majority of the reported AEFIs in our data were mild to moderate in intensity and lasted only one or two days. COVID-19 vaccinations are highly likely safe for young adults, according to the findings of this study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Badreddine Moukafih
- Central Pharmacy Department, CHU Hassan II, Medical Center for Biomedical and Translational Research, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and dentistry of Fez, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
| | - Leila Belaroussi
- Occupational Health Department, CHU Hassan II-Fez, Epidemiology and Health Sciences Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Fez, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
| | - Sanae Achour
- Toxicology Department, CHU Hassan II, Fez, Medical Center for Biomedical and Translational Research, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Dentistry of Fez, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah University, Morocco Hospital, Fez, Morocco
| | - Abdeslam El Kartouti
- Pharmacy Service, Moulay Ismaïl Military Hospital, Meknès, Medical Center for Biomedical and Translational Research, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Dentistry of Fez, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Klib M, Alazki O, Issa Nabhan A, Brakat AM, Zuhair Alafandi B, Abdulmoain Idres F, Almenchaf R, Albakkar F, Ghandour M, Zahlout J, Tabsho S, Mouazen S. Assessing the prevalence and patterns of COVID-19 vaccine side effects among Syrian adults: A cross-sectional study. Prev Med Rep 2024; 37:102558. [PMID: 38282667 PMCID: PMC10810828 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2023.102558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim This study aimed to assess the prevalence and patterns of COVID-19 vaccine side effects among Syrian adults, with a focus on the AstraZeneca and Sputnik Light vaccines, in light of the low vaccination rate in Syria (below 18%) attributed to fear of side effects. Method A cross-sectional study was conducted between January and May 2022, using probability-based and convenient sampling strategies. Data was collected through online, paper, and face-to-face questionnaires that included demographic and vaccine-related questions. Result Out of 3,766 participants, the majority were female (56.7 %) and aged 18-24 years (53.3 %). Most participants had a university-level qualification (71.2 %) and were related to the medical sector (53.2 %). A significant proportion (47.0 %) received AstraZeneca, Sputnik Light (22.1 %) and Sinopharm (14.7 %). Common side effects included sleepiness and lethargy (50.0 %), fever and chills (45.0 %), and pain/swelling at the injection site (35.9 %). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that male (OR: 0.57, CI: 0.48-0.68) and participants aged 45-65 years (OR: 0.53, CI: 0.40-0.70) were less likely to experience side effects. Participants who believed COVID-19 posed a high threat to their personal life had higher odds of side effects (OR: 1.74, CI: 1.22-2.46). Vaccine type was also associated with side effects, with Sputnik Light (OR: 2.52, CI: 1.85-3.46) and AstraZeneca (OR: 1.61, CI: 1.26-2.05) having increased odds. Conclusion Our study found that COVID-19 vaccines are well tolerated among the Syrian population, with short-term side effects that typically resolve within three days. These findings are expected to bolster vaccination rates through enhanced public confidence and acceptance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Klib
- Faculty of Medicine, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
| | - Osama Alazki
- Faculty of Medicine, Tishreen University, Latakia, Syria
| | - Ayman Issa Nabhan
- Faculty of Medicine, Al Andalus University for Medical Sciences, Tartus, Syria
| | - Aml M. Brakat
- Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Ash Sharqia Governorate ,Egypt
| | | | | | | | - Farah Albakkar
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Aleppo, Aleppo, Syria
| | - Munir Ghandour
- Faculty of Medicine, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
| | - Jaafar Zahlout
- Faculty of Medicine, Tishreen University, Latakia, Syria
| | - Somayya Tabsho
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Aleppo, Aleppo, Syria
| | - Samar Mouazen
- Faculty of Medicine, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Thomas SD, King R, Murphy M, Dempsey M. Demographic factors associated with healthcare avoidance and delay in the transgender population: Findings from a systematic review. DIALOGUES IN HEALTH 2023; 3:100159. [PMID: 38515802 PMCID: PMC10954025 DOI: 10.1016/j.dialog.2023.100159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Purpose Healthcare avoidance and delay (HAD) in the transgender population has been well documented, and research has explored a range of associated factors that help to identify those most at risk of HAD. This review addresses a gap in the research by synthesizing research exploring associations between HAD and demographic factors. Methods A systematic search of literature published at any time up to December 2021 was conducted, using five databases (EBSCO, EMBASE, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science) and manually searching reference lists of included studies. After exclusion of duplicates, 608 unique records were subjected to double screening. Papers reporting statistical analyses of HAD in association with any sociodemographic variables were included in this review. Papers consisted of nineteen cross-sectional studies. Narrative synthesis was used to address findings. Results Nineteen studies met inclusion criteria, exploring HAD in association with a wide range of demographic factors, including sex and gender, social transition factors, age, race and ethnicity, socioeconomic factors, veteran status, education, sexuality, relationship status, citizenship, place of residence, and state demographics. Findings identified intra-community demographic risk factors, with consistent evidence for increased HAD among transmasculine, and younger, participants. Lower income and higher educational attainment were also associated with increased HAD, while remaining areas had weak or little evidence for association with HAD. Conclusion This review expands knowledge in this area by highlighting demographic factors associated with increased HAD in research literature, and exploring how these may be further investigated to address substantial gaps in the body of research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siobhan D. Thomas
- School of Applied Psychology, University College Cork, Cork Enterprise Centre, North Mall, Cork, Ireland
| | - Robert King
- School of Applied Psychology, University College Cork, Cork Enterprise Centre, North Mall, Cork, Ireland
| | - Mike Murphy
- School of Applied Psychology, University College Cork, Cork Enterprise Centre, North Mall, Cork, Ireland
| | - Maria Dempsey
- School of Applied Psychology, University College Cork, Cork Enterprise Centre, North Mall, Cork, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Colburn DA, Finkelhor D, Turner HA. Help-Seeking From Websites and Police in the Aftermath of Technology-Facilitated Victimization. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2023; 38:11642-11665. [PMID: 37458155 DOI: 10.1177/08862605231186156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
This study looked at experiences of help-seeking from websites and police following an episode of technology-facilitated abuse. It used data from a nationally representative online panel of adults aged 18 to 28, sampled from Ipsos Knowledge Panel. A total of 1,952 unique victimization episodes from childhood and adulthood were identified and used in analyses. Participants were asked about whether they experienced 11 different types of technology-facilitated abuse (TFA), whether the incident was reported to the website or police, barriers to reporting, and features of the website's or law enforcement's response. Other follow-up information included victim gender, age, relationship to the perpetrator, and negative emotional impact (NEI) associated with the incident. Results found very low rates of reporting to both websites (7.3%) and law enforcement (4.8%). Image-based offenses had higher rates of reporting. A greater NEI significantly increased the odds of reporting to each source. Participants were largely unsatisfied with response from websites and police. Only 42.2% said the website did something helpful and only 29.8% found police helpful. Our findings suggest a need for major improvements in how websites and law enforcement respond to victims of technology-facilitated offenses. They need to have more helpful information and more ways of offering support. Websites need more specifics about the types of violations that warrant reporting, clearer signposts, and encouragement about how to get help and a better publicized commitment to a rapid and serious review. Law enforcement needs more education and training to avoid dismissive and judgmental reactions and to ensure sympathetic and respectful responses.
Collapse
|
8
|
Lotito M, Jamison M, Howell C, Liimakka A, Lange J, Chen AF. Age, Sex, and Education Level Predict Telehealth Engagement in Total Joint Arthroplasty Patients. Arthroplast Today 2023; 23:101191. [PMID: 37766861 PMCID: PMC10520290 DOI: 10.1016/j.artd.2023.101191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Racial and other demographic predictors of total joint arthroplasty (TJA) telehealth engagement since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic remain unclear. The purpose of the current study was to elucidate this relationship. Methods A retrospective, cross-sectional study on 732 primary TJA patients was conducted within a single hospital system from March 2020-December 2021 (during the pandemic). Patients were excluded if their race or education level could not be determined. Patient demographics (age, sex, body mass index, language) and TJA information were obtained. The number of telehealth visits and telehealth engagement were assessed. Engagement (yes/no) and engagement frequency across all demographics and each measure of telehealth (telemedicine, patient-reported outcome measurements [PROMs], and electronic patient portal [EPP] messaging) were analyzed using multivariate logistic and linear regression, respectively. Results Our results demonstrated that non-White race was not a significant predictor of binomial engagement or engagement frequency across all telehealth measures. Older age was a negative predictor of binomial engagement and engagement frequency with telemedicine and EPPs. Male sex was shown to be a negative predictor of binomial engagement with EPPs as well as PROM engagement frequency. Educational attainment of less than a college degree was a negative predictor of binomial engagement and engagement frequency with PROMs and EPPs. Conclusions This study demonstrates that older age, male sex, and lower education level were negative predictors of various measures of telehealth engagement. Non-White race was not a significant predictor. This data informs providers on how to improve access to virtual orthopaedic care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Lotito
- Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Matthew Jamison
- Department of Orthopedics, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Jeffrey Lange
- Department of Orthopedics, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Antonia F. Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Carroll TJ, Dussik CM, Clary Z, Hoffman S, Hammert W, Mahmood B. Endoscopic Versus Open Carpal Tunnel Surgery: Risk Factors and Rates of Revision Surgery. J Hand Surg Am 2023:S0363-5023(23)00234-4. [PMID: 37330724 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2023.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The purpose of our study was to compare the 1-year revision surgery rates and outcomes of open versus endoscopic carpal tunnel release. Our hypothesis was that, compared to open release, endoscopic carpal tunnel release was an independent risk factor for revision surgery within 1-year. METHODS This was a retrospective cohort study of 4338 patients undergoing isolated endoscopic or open carpal tunnel release. Demographic data, medical comorbidities, surgical approach, need for revision surgery, hand dominance, history of prior injection, and Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System upper extremity (UE), pain interference (PI) and physical function scores were analyzed. Multivariable analysis was used to identify the risk factors for revision surgery within one year of the index procedure. RESULTS In total, 3280 patients (76%) underwent open and 1058 (24%) underwent endoscopic carpal tunnel release. Within one year of the index procedure, 45 patients required revision carpal tunnel release. The average time to revision was 143 days. The rate of revision carpal tunnel release in the open group was 0.71% compared to 2.08% in the endoscopic group. Multivariable analysis demonstrated that endoscopic surgery, male sex, cubital tunnel syndrome, tobacco use, and diabetes were associated independently with revision surgery. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we found that endoscopic carpal tunnel release was associated independently with a 2.96 times greater likelihood of requiring revision carpal tunnel release within one year, compared to open carpal tunnel release. Male sex, concurrent cubital tunnel syndrome, tobacco use, and diabetes also were associated independently with greater risk of needing revision carpal tunnel release within one year. TYPE OF STUDY/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Prognostic II.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Carroll
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery. Rochester, NY.
| | - Christopher M Dussik
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery. Rochester, NY
| | - Zachary Clary
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery. Rochester, NY
| | - Samantha Hoffman
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery. Rochester, NY
| | - Warren Hammert
- Duke University School of Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery. Durham, NC
| | - Bilal Mahmood
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery. Rochester, NY
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Persson T, Löve J, Tengelin E, Hensing G. Healthcare professionals discourses on men and masculinities in sexual healthcare: a focus group study. BMC Health Serv Res 2023; 23:535. [PMID: 37226171 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-023-09508-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies have reported that men's uptake of sexual health services is low, that these services make them feel vulnerable, and that they experience sexual healthcare (SHC) as stressful, heteronormative, potentially sexualised and "tailored for women". They also suggest that healthcare professionals (HCPs) working in SHC view masculinity as problematic, and situated in private relationships. This study aimed to explore how HCPs construct the gendered social location in SHC, specifically in terms of masculinity and a perception that masculinity is situated in relationships. Critical Discourse Analysis was used to analyse transcripts from seven focus group interviews with 35 HCPs working with men's sexual health in Sweden. The study found that gendered social locations were discursively constructed in four ways: (I) by problematising and opposing masculinity in society; (II) through discursive strategies where a professional discourse on men and masculinity is lacking; (III) by constructing SHC as a feminine arena where masculinity is a visible norm violation; (IV) by constructing men as reluctant patients and formulating a mission to change masculinity. The discourses of HCPs constructed the gendered social location of masculinity in society as incompatible with SHC, and saw masculinity in SHC as a violation of feminine norms. Men seeking SHC were constructed as reluctant patients, and HCPs were seen as agents of change with a mission to transform masculinity. The discourses of HCPs risk othering men in SHC, which could prevent care on equal terms. A shared professional discourse on masculinity could create a common foundation for a more consistent, knowledge-based approach to masculinity and men's sexual health in SHC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tommy Persson
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 453, Gothenburg, SE-405 30, Sweden.
- Knowledge Center for Sexual Health, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Jesper Löve
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 453, Gothenburg, SE-405 30, Sweden
| | - Ellinor Tengelin
- Department of Health Sciences, Rehabilitation Science, Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden
| | - Gunnel Hensing
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 453, Gothenburg, SE-405 30, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Baker TA, Morales KH, Brooks AK, Clark J, Wakita A, Whitt-Glover MC, Yu YZ, Murray M, Hooker SP. A biopsychosocial approach assessing pain indicators among Black men. FRONTIERS IN PAIN RESEARCH 2023; 4:1060960. [PMID: 36860329 PMCID: PMC9968840 DOI: 10.3389/fpain.2023.1060960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The lack of empirical evidence documenting the pain experience of Black men may be the result of social messaging that men are to project strength and avoid any expression of emotion or vulnerability. This avoidant behavior however, often comes too late when illnesses/symptoms are more aggressive and/or diagnosed at a later stage. This highlights two key issues - the willingness to acknowledge pain and wanting to seek medical attention when experiencing pain. Methods To better understand the pain experience in diverse raced and gendered groups, this secondary data analysis aimed to determine the influence identified physical, psychosocial, and behavioral health indicators have in reporting pain among Black men. Data were taken from a baseline sample of 321 Black men, >40 years old, who participated in the randomized, controlled Active & Healthy Brotherhood (AHB) project. Statistical models were calculated to determine which indicators (somatization, depression, anxiety, demographics, medical illnesses) were associated with pain reports. Results Results showed that 22% of the men reported pain for more than 30 days, with more than half of the sample being married (54%), employed (53%), and earning an income above the federal poverty level (76%). Multivariate analyses showed that those reporting pain were more likely to be unemployed, earn less income, and reported more medical conditions and somatization tendencies (OR=3.28, 95% CI (1.33, 8.06) compared to those who did not report pain. Discussion Findings from this study indicate that efforts are needed to identify the unique pain experiences of Black men, while recognizing its impact on their identities as a man, a person of color, and someone living with pain. This allows for more comprehensive assessments, treatment plans, and prevention approaches that may have beneficial impacts throughout the life course.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tamara A. Baker
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States,Correspondence: Tamara A. Baker
| | - Knashawn H. Morales
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Amber K. Brooks
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston salem, NC, United States
| | | | - Anna Wakita
- University of North Carolina, Gillings School of Global Public Health Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | | | - Yelia Z. Yu
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | | | - Steven P. Hooker
- College of Health and Human Services, San Diego State University, San diego, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Tadfor Y, Nguyen-Hua N, Bennett H, Bos AJ, Smolinske SC. An observational study of adverse drug reactions to COVID-19 vaccines reported to the New Mexico poison center hotline. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2023; 61:77-83. [PMID: 36458888 DOI: 10.1080/15563650.2022.2147272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Post-marketing data on coronavirus vaccines are limited. This study evaluated adverse reactions reported to a statewide hotline after the administration of a coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) vaccine. METHODS We collected reports between 1 December 2020 through 30 August 2021 of any individual 12 years of age and older who received an FDA EUA-approved vaccine and experienced an adverse reaction. For each case, we collected vaccine brand, demographics, adverse reaction type, severity, onset of reaction, duration, and outcome. Relative risk analyses were conducted to investigate factors associated with vaccine adverse reactions. RESULTS 638 adverse drug reaction cases were recorded. The majority identified as female (70.8%) and the median age was 56. Implicated brands were Pfizer BNT162b2 (46.6%), Moderna mRNA-1273 (43.41%), and Janssen Ad26.COV2.S (8.78%). Although the lowest number of cases was with Janssen, this vaccine had the highest incident rate based on reactions per 100,000 doses. Adverse reactions with the highest incidence were systemic reactions (92.7%), injection-site reactions (8.5%), and local non-injection-site reactions (10.4%), with most judged as minor severity. Relative risk was higher for Moderna compared to Pfizer for injection-site non-severe (RR 2.01) and injection-site severe (RR 1.94) reactions. Janssen had a higher risk of headache, dyspnea, and vision changes compared to Pfizer, and a higher risk of headache compared to Moderna. The relative risk for fever, chills, and lymphadenopathy was higher for the second dose than the first dose for all patients. CONCLUSION This observational study analyzing adverse drug reactions of the COVID-19 vaccine found that most complaints concerned systemic reactions. We found reaction differences among vaccine brands, between first and second doses for some effects, and selected recurrent events. Poison control centers are uniquely positioned to conduct post-marketing surveillance for the new vaccines as they are available 24/7 to the public and are healthcare providers. Further post-marketing studies are essential to provide a holistic safety profile of COVID-19 vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yomi Tadfor
- New Mexico Poison & Drug Information Center, College of Pharmacy, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Ngan Nguyen-Hua
- New Mexico Poison & Drug Information Center, College of Pharmacy, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | | | - Alexander J Bos
- College of Pharmacy, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Weber Rawlins ML, Welch Bacon CE, Tomporowski P, Gay JL, Bierema L, Schmidt JD. Masculinity, optimism bias, and perceived pressure from stakeholders influence on student-athlete concussion reporting intentions and behavior. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2022:1-7. [PMID: 36084227 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2022.2115300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Determine how a) masculinity, b) optimism bias, and c) perceived pressure from stakeholders predict concussion reporting intentions and behavior. Participants: Collegiate student-athletes (n = 369). Methods: Student-athletes completed surveys of Conformity to Masculine Norms Inventory-46 (nine sections), optimism bias (optimist, neutral, pessimist), perceived pressure from stakeholders (six stakeholder sections), reporting intentions (symptom and concussion), and behavior (symptom and concussion). Four separate stepwise multivariate regression analyses were conducted. Results: A one-point increase in playboy, heterosexual self-preservation, being neutral or optimist compared to a pessimist symptom reporting intention decreased. A one-point increase in sport primacy, perceived pressure from athletic administration, being neutral or optimist compared to pessimist concussion reporting intentions increased 0.05, and decreased 0.23, 0.35, and 0.32, respectively. A one-point increase in violence and playboy increased the odds of being a "non-reporter" by 30% and 40%. Conclusions: Pessimistic views regarding concussion risks may result in greater concussion reporting intentions, however these findings did not influence behavior.
Collapse
|
14
|
Plug I, van Dulmen S, Stommel W, Olde Hartman TC, Das E. Physicians' and Patients' Interruptions in Clinical Practice: A Quantitative Analysis. Ann Fam Med 2022; 20:423-429. [PMID: 36228066 PMCID: PMC9512556 DOI: 10.1370/afm.2846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Physicians' interruptions have long been considered intrusive, masculine actions that inhibit patient participation, but a systematic analysis of interruptions in clinical interaction is lacking. This study aimed to examine when and how primary care physicians and patients interrupt each other during consultations. METHODS We coded and quantitatively analyzed interruption type (cooperative vs intrusive) in 84 natural interactions between 17 primary care physicians and 84 patients with common somatic symptoms. Data were analyzed using a mixed-effects logistic regression model, with role, gender, and consultation phase as predictors. RESULTS Of the 2,405 interruptions observed, 82.9% were cooperative. Among physicians, men were more likely to make an intrusive interruption than women (β = 0.43; SE, 0.21; odds ratio [OR] = 1.54; 95% CI, 1.03-2.31), whereas among patients, men were less likely to make an intrusive interruption than women (β = -0.35; SE, 0.17; OR = 0.70; 95% CI, 0.50-0.98). Patients' interruptions were more likely to be intrusive than physicians' interruptions in the phase of problem presentation (β = 0.71; SE, 0.23; OR = 2.03; 95% CI, 1.30-3.20), but not in the phase of diagnosis and/or treatment plan discussion (β = -0.17; SE, 0.15; OR = 0.85; 95% CI, 0.63-1.15). CONCLUSIONS Most interruptions in clinical interaction are cooperative and may enhance the interaction. The nature of physicians' and patients' interruptions is the result of an interplay between role, gender, and consultation phase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Plug
- Centre for Language Studies, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra van Dulmen
- Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Department of Primary and Community Care, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Nivel (Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research), Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Faculty of Caring Science, Work Life and Social Welfare, University of Borås, Borås, Sweden
| | - Wyke Stommel
- Centre for Language Studies, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Tim C Olde Hartman
- Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Department of Primary and Community Care, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Enny Das
- Centre for Language Studies, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Khatana SAM, Yang L, Eberly LA, Julien HM, Adusumalli S, Groeneveld PW. Predictors of telemedicine use during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States–an analysis of a national electronic medical record database. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0269535. [PMID: 35767530 PMCID: PMC9242497 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Telemedicine utilization increased significantly in the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, there is concern that disadvantaged groups face barriers to access based on single-center studies. Whether there has been equitable access to telemedicine services across the US and during later parts of the pandemic is unclear. This study retrospectively analyzes outpatient medical encounters for patients 18 years of age and older using Healthjump–a national electronic medical record database–from March 1 to December 31, 2020. A mixed effects multivariable logistic regression model was used to assess the association between telemedicine utilization and patient and area-level factors and the odds of having at least one telemedicine encounter during the study period. Among 1,999,534 unique patients 21.6% had a telemedicine encounter during the study period. In the multivariable model, age [OR = 0.995 (95% CI 0.993, 0.997); p<0.001], non-Hispanic Black race [OR = 0.88 (95% CI 0.84, 0.93); p<0.001], and English as primary language [OR = 0.78 (95% CI 0.74, 0.83); p<0.001] were associated with a lower odds of telemedicine utilization. Female gender [OR = 1.24 (95% CI 1.22, 1.27); p<0.001], Hispanic ethnicity or non-Hispanic other race [OR = 1.40 (95% CI 1.33, 1.46);p<0.001 and 1.29 (95% CI 1.20, 1.38); p<0.001, respectively] were associated with a higher odds of telemedicine utilization. During the COVID-19 pandemic, therefore, utilization of telemedicine differed significantly among patient groups, with older and non-Hispanic Black patients less likely to have telemedicine encounters. These findings are relevant for ongoing efforts regarding the nature of telemedicine as the COVID-19 pandemic ends.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sameed Ahmed M. Khatana
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Penn Cardiovascular Outcomes, Quality, & Evaluative Research Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- The Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Lin Yang
- Penn Cardiovascular Outcomes, Quality, & Evaluative Research Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Lauren A. Eberly
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Penn Cardiovascular Outcomes, Quality, & Evaluative Research Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- The Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Penn Cardiovascular Center for Health Equity and Social Justice, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Howard M. Julien
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Penn Cardiovascular Outcomes, Quality, & Evaluative Research Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Penn Cardiovascular Center for Health Equity and Social Justice, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Srinath Adusumalli
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Penn Cardiovascular Outcomes, Quality, & Evaluative Research Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- The Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Penn Cardiovascular Center for Health Equity and Social Justice, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Penn Medicine Center for Health Care, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Peter W. Groeneveld
- Penn Cardiovascular Outcomes, Quality, & Evaluative Research Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- The Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Center for Health Equity Research and Promotion, Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Smith DT, Mouzon DM, Elliott M. Hegemonic Masculinity and Mental Health Among Older White Men in the U.S.: The Role of Health and Wealth Decline. SEX ROLES 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11199-022-01291-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
17
|
Petrie KA, Chen JN, Miears H, Grimes JS, Zumwalt M. Gender Differences in Seeking Health Care and Postintervention Pain Outcomes in Foot and Ankle Orthopedic Patients. WOMEN'S HEALTH REPORTS 2022; 3:500-507. [PMID: 35652003 PMCID: PMC9148655 DOI: 10.1089/whr.2021.0076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Background: Materials and Methods: Results: Conclusions:
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyla A. Petrie
- School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Jason N. Chen
- School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Hunter Miears
- School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Jerry Speight Grimes
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Mimi Zumwalt
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
McBain SA, Garneau-Fournier J, Turchik JA. The Relationship Between Provider Gender Preferences and Perceptions of Providers Among Veterans Who Experienced Military Sexual Trauma. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:NP2868-NP2890. [PMID: 32741237 DOI: 10.1177/0886260520944536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Previous research has demonstrated that most veterans who have experienced military sexual trauma (MST) have provider gender preferences. Although provider gender mismatch, defined as not receiving a provider of the gender of one's preference, may deter veterans from disclosing MST or seeking MST-related care, there is little research that has examined this issue. The current study aimed to explore how provider gender mismatch is related to veterans' comfort with providers, perception of their providers' competency, and their endorsement of perceived provider barriers when communicating about MST. The current study was conducted as part of a larger national survey of veterans' barriers to accessing MST-related care. Participants in the study were identified using Veterans Health Administration (VHA) administrative data. Criteria for inclusion in the overall study were being enrolled in VHA health care, having screened positive for MST, and having received at least one VHA outpatient service. A subset of eligible veterans who had endorsed MST, reported a provider gender preference, and endorsed discussing MST with a VHA provider (N = 1,591) were included in the current study. Results demonstrated that provider gender preference mismatch was associated with greater endorsement of perceived provider barriers, less comfort with providers, and lower perceived provider competency in women; and greater perceived provider barriers and less comfort with providers among men. The study demonstrates that provider gender preferences may affect care for veterans who have experienced MST, and that the impact may differ for men and women. These findings may be used to improve patient-centered care and inform future research regarding veterans' provider gender preferences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sacha A McBain
- Palo Alto University, CA, USA
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Menlo Park, CA, USA
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, USA
| | - Jade Garneau-Fournier
- Palo Alto University, CA, USA
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Menlo Park, CA, USA
- University of Central Florida, Orlando, USA
| | - Jessica A Turchik
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Menlo Park, CA, USA
- Stanford University, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Danielsen AC, Lee KM, Boulicault M, Rushovich T, Gompers A, Tarrant A, Reiches M, Shattuck-Heidorn H, Miratrix LW, Richardson SS. Sex disparities in COVID-19 outcomes in the United States: Quantifying and contextualizing variation. Soc Sci Med 2022; 294:114716. [PMID: 35042136 PMCID: PMC8743486 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.114716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents the first longitudinal study of sex disparities in COVID-19 cases and mortalities across U.S. states, derived from the unique 13-month dataset of the U.S. Gender/Sex COVID-19 Data Tracker. To analyze sex disparities, weekly case and mortality rates by sex and mortality rate ratios were computed for each U.S. state, and a multilevel crossed-effects conditional logistic binomial regression model was fitted to estimate the variation of the sex disparity in mortality over time and across states. Results demonstrate considerable variation in the sex disparity in COVID-19 cases and mortalities over time and between states. These data suggest that the sex disparity, when present, is modest, and likely varies in relation to context-sensitive variables, which may include health behaviors, preexisting health status, occupation, race/ethnicity, and other markers of social experience.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Katharine Mn Lee
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, Campus Box 8100, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Marion Boulicault
- Department of Linguistics and Philosophy, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA; Department of Philosophy, University of Adelaide, 259 North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Tamara Rushovich
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Annika Gompers
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Amelia Tarrant
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 11 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Meredith Reiches
- Department of Anthropology, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Blvd, Boston, MA, 02125, USA
| | - Heather Shattuck-Heidorn
- Women and Gender Studies, University of Southern Maine, 94 Bedford Street, Portland, ME, 04102, USA
| | - Luke W Miratrix
- Harvard Graduate School of Education, 13 Appian Way, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Sarah S Richardson
- Department of the History of Science, Harvard University, 1 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA; Committee on Degrees in Studies of Women, Gender, and Sexuality, Harvard University, Boylston Hall, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
OUP accepted manuscript. PAIN MEDICINE 2022; 23:1217-1224. [DOI: 10.1093/pm/pnac058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
|
21
|
Lai AYK, Sit SMM, Wu SYD, Wang MP, Wong BYM, Ho SY, Lam TH. Associations of Delay in Doctor Consultation With COVID-19 Related Fear, Attention to Information, and Fact-Checking. Front Public Health 2021; 9:797814. [PMID: 34966717 PMCID: PMC8710678 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.797814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Delaying doctor consultation is harmful. Fear of COVID-19 leads to delays in seeking medical care at a time when pandemic information overflows. However, little is known about the role of COVID-19 related fear, attention to information, and fact-checking in such delay. Objective: Under the Hong Kong Jockey Club SMART Family-Link Project, we examined the associations of delay in doctor consultation amidst the pandemic with sociodemographic characteristics, COVID-19 related fear, attention to information, and fact-checking. Methods: We conducted a population-based online cross-sectional survey in May 2020 on Hong Kong Chinese adults. Respondents reported whether the pandemic caused any delay in doctor consultation (yes/no), level of COVID-19 related fear, attention to information and fact-checking (all on a scale of 0 to 10 and recoded into tertiles of low, moderate, high). Regression analyses were used to examine the associations of delay and fear with sociodemographic characteristics, attention and fact-checking, adjusting for covariates. Data were weighted by sex, age and education level of the population. Results: Of 4,551 respondents (46.5% male, 59.7% aged over 45 years), 10.1% reported delay in doctor consultation. The mean score was 6.4 for fear, 8.0 for attention and 7.4 for fact-checking. Delay was more common in males and increased with age and fear. High vs. low level of fear was associated with delay [adjusted odd ratios (AOR) 2.68, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.08, 3.47]. Moderate level of fact-checking was negatively associated with delay (AOR 0.72, 95% CI 0.56, 0.92). Females reported greater fear and fear decreased with age. Fear increased with attention to information and decreased with fact-checking. Fear substantially mediated the association of delay with attention (96%) and fact-checking (30%). Conclusions: We have first shown that delay in doctor consultation increased with fear of COVID-19 and decreased with fact-checking amidst the pandemic. Fear also increased with attention to COVID-19 related information and decreased with fact-checking. Understanding these associations can help policymakers develop targeted communication and support to the public to reduce delayed doctor consultations and the associated COVID-19-related or unrelated morbidity and mortality in the community.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Yuen-Kwan Lai
- School of Nursing, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Shirley Man-Man Sit
- School of Nursing, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Socrates Yong-Da Wu
- School of Nursing, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Man-Ping Wang
- School of Nursing, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Bonny Yee-Man Wong
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Sai-Yin Ho
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Tai-Hing Lam
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Nwakasi C, Esiaka D, Uchendu I, Bosun-Arije S. Factors Influencing Compliance with Public Health Directives and Support for Government's Actions Against COVID-19: A Nigerian Case Study. SCIENTIFIC AFRICAN 2021; 15:e01089. [PMID: 34957353 PMCID: PMC8692243 DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2021.e01089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Because COVID-19 is a novel viral pandemic, there is a dearth of research in the body of evidence that explore factors that can influence compliance with public health recommendations and Nigerian government's actions to prevent the spread of COVID-19. Hence, this study's aim is to address this gap to help inform policymakers and the actions of public health leaders in Nigeria. The study included a sample of 336 adult Nigerians who responded to an online Qualtrics survey. Descriptive and linear regression analyses were conducted to determine the predictors of compliance with COVID-19 public health directives and support for government's action against COVID-19 spread. Perceived risk of stigmatization, perceived threat of COVID-19, town/city, gender, and confidence in government's ability to curb the spread and impact of COVID-19 were found to be significantly associated with compliance with COVID-19 public-health directives, and support for governments action against COVID-19. Given Nigeria's weak health system and high level of poverty, there is need to ensure the public health responses to the pandemic are effective and contextually relevant. Nigerians and other concerned global health stakeholders will benefit from research that provides more information on issues of non-compliance with COVID-19 public health directives and government actions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Candidus Nwakasi
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Providence College, 1 Cunningham Square, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Darlingtina Esiaka
- Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Life Sciences II, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Iheanyi Uchendu
- Royal Bournemouth and Christchurch Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Castle Ln E, Bournemouth, BH7 7DW, United Kingdom
| | - Stella Bosun-Arije
- Department of Nursing, Manchester Metropolitan University, All Saints Building, All Saints, Manchester, M15 6BH, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Hullenaar KL, Ruback RB. Gender Interaction Effects on Reporting Assaults to the Police. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2021; 36:NP12997-NP13027. [PMID: 32046589 DOI: 10.1177/0886260520903134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study used two theoretical perspectives-coercive power and gender norms-to examine how gender affects victims' decisions to report physical assaults to the police. The coercive power perspective attributes gender differences in reporting to sex-linked physical coercive power differences that affect the harm of the crime and victims' personal safety. The gender norm perspective attributes gender differences in reporting to specific gender norms that influence crime reporting decisions. Using a sample of 18,627 nonintimate partner physical assaults from the National Crime Victimization Survey (1993-2015), crime reporting models demonstrated significantly better fit when they included the interaction between the victim's gender and the offender's gender than when they included only the main effects. In the sample, (a) female victims were 21.9% more likely to report to the police when the offender was male (vs. female) and (b) male victims were 45.8% more likely to report to the police when the offender was female (vs. male). Victims' tendency to report an opposite-sex offender to the police was strongest in simple assaults and absent in aggravated assaults. We conclude that male and female victims' reporting behaviors were most consistent with gender norms that encourage the use of self-help violence and discourage police reporting in intragender assaults. Consistent with this explanation, self-help violence was negatively related to crime reporting in assaults. Victims were more likely to use self-help violence and avoid reporting to the police against a same-sex offender than an opposite-sex offender. Finally, the offender's gender had a relatively stronger influence on assault victims' decisions to use self-help violence than on victims' decisions to take no action against the offender (i.e., not reporting to the police or using self-help violence).
Collapse
|
24
|
Vassallo A, Shajahan S, Harris K, Hallam L, Hockham C, Womersley K, Woodward M, Sheel M. Sex and Gender in COVID-19 Vaccine Research: Substantial Evidence Gaps Remain. Front Glob Womens Health 2021; 2:761511. [PMID: 34816252 PMCID: PMC8593988 DOI: 10.3389/fgwh.2021.761511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic there has been a global call for sex/gender-disaggregated data to be made available, which has uncovered important findings about COVID-19 testing, incidence, severity, hospitalisations, and deaths. This mini review scopes the evidence base for efficacy, effectiveness, and safety of COVID-19 vaccines from both experimental and observational research, and asks whether (1) women and men were equally recruited and represented in vaccine research, (2) the outcomes of studies were presented or analysed by sex and/or gender, and (3) there is evidence of sex and/or gender differences in outcomes. Following a PubMed search, 41 articles were eligible for inclusion, including seven randomised controlled trials (RCTs), 11 cohort studies, eight cross-sectional surveys, eight routine surveillance studies, and seven case series. Overall, the RCTs contained equal representation of women and men; however, the observational studies contained a higher percentage of women. Of 10 studies with efficacy data, only three (30%) presented sex/gender-disaggregated results. Safety data was included in 35 studies and only 12 (34%) of these presented data by sex/gender. For those that did present disaggregated data, overall, the majority of participants reporting adverse events were women. There is a paucity of reporting and analysis of COVID-19 vaccine data by sex/gender. Research should be designed in a gender-sensitive way to present and, where possible analyse, data by sex/gender to ensure that there is a robust and specific evidence base of efficacy and safety data to assist in building public confidence and promote high vaccine coverage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy Vassallo
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sultana Shajahan
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Katie Harris
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Laura Hallam
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Carinna Hockham
- The George Institute for Global Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kate Womersley
- The George Institute for Global Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- University of Edinburgh, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Woodward
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- The George Institute for Global Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Meru Sheel
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Research School of Population Health, ANU College of Health and Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Lamptey E. Post-vaccination COVID-19 deaths: a review of available evidence and recommendations for the global population. Clin Exp Vaccine Res 2021; 10:264-275. [PMID: 34703810 PMCID: PMC8511593 DOI: 10.7774/cevr.2021.10.3.264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines undergo rigorous testing in clinical trials to meet high safety standards before rollout to the general population. While over 200 million vaccines are administered in more than 50 countries, coincidental adverse events including deaths and related fatalities are temporally associated with the vaccination campaign. Scientific evidence supports the safety of the vaccines and there are studies proving vaccination outweighs any risk or concerns except in rare cases. Reports of these post-vaccination deaths and misleading claims have fueled hesitancy among individuals that need to be addressed. In this review, we summarize epidemiological data related to COVID-19 vaccine deaths, including instances where scientific evidence exists to justify misinterpretation of surveillance data. Rare cases where vaccination-related deaths or serious side effects exist were described. Available evidence does not support making assumptions and conclusions that the vaccines are necessarily responsible for these deaths or adverse events. In addition, we share lessons from these experiences and recommendations to guide the mass population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Lamptey
- Institute of Life and Earth Sciences (Including Health and Agriculture), Pan African University, University of Ibadan, Oyo, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Riad A, Pokorná A, Klugarová J, Antalová N, Kantorová L, Koščík M, Klugar M. Side Effects of mRNA-Based COVID-19 Vaccines among Young Adults (18-30 Years Old): An Independent Post-Marketing Study. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:1049. [PMID: 34681273 PMCID: PMC8696621 DOI: 10.3390/ph14101049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Young adults had been widely perceived as a low-risk group for COVID-19 severity; therefore, they were deprioritised within the mass vaccination strategies as their prognosis of COVID-19 infection is relatively more favourable than older age groups. On the other hand, vaccination of this demographic group is indispensable to achieve herd immunity. A cross-sectional survey-based study was used to evaluate the side effects of mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines among university students in the Czech Republic. The validated questionnaire was delivered in a digital form, and it consisted of demographic data; COVID-19 vaccine-related anamnesis; and local, systemic, orofacial, and skin-related side effects' prevalence, onset, and duration. Out of the 539 included participants, 70.1% were females and 45.8% were <23 years old. The vast majority (95.2%) reported at least one side effect. The most common side effect was injection site pain (91.8%), followed by fatigue (62.5%), headache (36.4%), and muscle pain (34.9%). The majority of local side effects occurred after both doses (74.4%), while most systemic side effects occurred after the second dose only (56.2%). Most local (94.2%) and systemic (93.3%) side effects resolved within three days after vaccination. Females participants' adjusted odds ratio (AOR) showed they were 2.566 (CI 95%: 1.103-5.970) times more likely to experience post-vaccination side effects, and the participants who received two doses reported an increased AOR of 1.896 (0.708-5.077) for experiencing side effects. The results of this study imply that mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines are highly probably safe for young adults, and further studies are required to investigate the role of medical anamnesis, prior COVID-19 infection, and gender in side effects incidence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abanoub Riad
- Czech National Centre for Evidence-Based Healthcare and Knowledge Translation (Cochrane Czech Republic, Czech EBHC: JBI Centre of Excellence, Masaryk University GRADE Centre), Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (A.P.); (J.K.); (L.K.); (M.K.)
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (N.A.); (M.K.)
| | - Andrea Pokorná
- Czech National Centre for Evidence-Based Healthcare and Knowledge Translation (Cochrane Czech Republic, Czech EBHC: JBI Centre of Excellence, Masaryk University GRADE Centre), Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (A.P.); (J.K.); (L.K.); (M.K.)
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Klugarová
- Czech National Centre for Evidence-Based Healthcare and Knowledge Translation (Cochrane Czech Republic, Czech EBHC: JBI Centre of Excellence, Masaryk University GRADE Centre), Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (A.P.); (J.K.); (L.K.); (M.K.)
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (N.A.); (M.K.)
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Natália Antalová
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (N.A.); (M.K.)
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lucia Kantorová
- Czech National Centre for Evidence-Based Healthcare and Knowledge Translation (Cochrane Czech Republic, Czech EBHC: JBI Centre of Excellence, Masaryk University GRADE Centre), Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (A.P.); (J.K.); (L.K.); (M.K.)
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (N.A.); (M.K.)
| | - Michal Koščík
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (N.A.); (M.K.)
| | - Miloslav Klugar
- Czech National Centre for Evidence-Based Healthcare and Knowledge Translation (Cochrane Czech Republic, Czech EBHC: JBI Centre of Excellence, Masaryk University GRADE Centre), Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (A.P.); (J.K.); (L.K.); (M.K.)
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (N.A.); (M.K.)
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Jaiswal J, LoSchiavo C, Meanley S, Hascher K, Cox AB, Dunlap KB, Singer SN, Halkitis PN. Correlates of PrEP Uptake Among Young Sexual Minority Men and Transgender Women in New York City: The Need to Reframe "Risk" Messaging and Normalize Preventative Health. AIDS Behav 2021; 25:3057-3073. [PMID: 33830327 PMCID: PMC8419019 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-021-03254-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is an effective form of HIV prevention, but young sexual minority men face myriad barriers to PrEP uptake. Participants (n = 202) completed a survey on healthcare experiences and beliefs about HIV and PrEP. While 98% of the sample knew about PrEP, only 23.2% reported currently taking PrEP. Participants were more likely to be taking PrEP if they received PrEP information from a healthcare provider and endorsed STI-related risk compensation. Conversely, PrEP uptake was less likely among those with concerns about medication use and adherence. While there were no racial/ethnic differences in PrEP uptake, there were differences in correlates of PrEP use for White participants and participants of color. To facilitate PrEP uptake, clinicians should provide PrEP education and screen all patients for PrEP candidacy. Additionally, public health messaging must reframe HIV "risk", highlight benefits of STI testing, and emphasize the importance of preventive healthcare for SMM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Jaiswal
- Department of Health Science, University of Alabama, 115 Russell Hall, 504 University Blvd, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35401, USA.
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research On AIDS, Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA.
- Center for Health, Identity, Behavior and Prevention Studies (CHIBPS), Rutgers School of Public Health, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA.
| | - C LoSchiavo
- Center for Health, Identity, Behavior and Prevention Studies (CHIBPS), Rutgers School of Public Health, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
- School of Public Health, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - S Meanley
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research On AIDS, Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
- Department of Family and Community Health, University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - K Hascher
- Department of Health Science, University of Alabama, 115 Russell Hall, 504 University Blvd, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35401, USA
| | - A B Cox
- Department of Health Science, University of Alabama, 115 Russell Hall, 504 University Blvd, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35401, USA
| | - K B Dunlap
- Department of Health Science, University of Alabama, 115 Russell Hall, 504 University Blvd, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35401, USA
| | - S N Singer
- Center for Health, Identity, Behavior and Prevention Studies (CHIBPS), Rutgers School of Public Health, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
- Graduate School of Applied & Professional Psychology, Rutgers University, 152 Frelinghuysen Road, Busch Campus, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - P N Halkitis
- Center for Health, Identity, Behavior and Prevention Studies (CHIBPS), Rutgers School of Public Health, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
- School of Public Health, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Griffin M, Jaiswal J, Stults CB. Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Rates by Gender Identity and Sexual Orientation Among 18-44-Year-Olds in the U.S. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2021; 50:3079-3092. [PMID: 33942195 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-020-01900-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In the U.S., human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination has been recommended for individuals up to age 26, although the vaccination is currently approved for all people up to the age of 45. This research sought to explore HPV vaccination disparities by age with subgroup analysis by gender identity and sexual orientation groups, as well as sociodemographic factors that may serve as barriers to or facilitators of vaccination. This study used data from the 2018 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Only data for individuals who reported their gender identity, sexual orientation, and HPV vaccination status were included in the analytic sample (n = 7330). HPV vaccination rates for this sample were low, as only 18.2% (n = 1332) of the sample had received the HPV vaccination. These low rates of vaccination were similar across all subsamples: cisgender men (9.8%, n = 343), cisgender women (25.8%, n = 985), heterosexuals (17.5%, n = 1197), lesbian women or gay men (20.8%, n = 40), and bisexuals (30.8%, n = 95). In multivariable logistic regression models, younger participants (18-34) were more likely to report receiving the HPV vaccination across all subsamples. Further modeling indicated several common factors associated with higher odds of vaccination: living in a metropolitan area, having insurance coverage, and having at least one provider. Understanding vaccination disparities, as well as vaccination facilitators and barriers, is important to inform policy and program efforts. This is especially significant for adults between the ages of 35 and 44 who were excluded from the initial vaccination recommendations but are vulnerable due to changing cultural norms, including delayed marriage, nonmonogamous long-term relationships, and the ending of long-term partnerships.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marybec Griffin
- Rutgers University School of Public Health, 683 Hoes Lane West, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.
- Center for Health, Identity, Behavior and Prevention Studies, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA.
| | - Jessica Jaiswal
- Center for Health, Identity, Behavior and Prevention Studies, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA
- Department of Health Science, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research on AIDS, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Christopher B Stults
- Center for Health, Identity, Behavior and Prevention Studies, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA
- Department of Psychology, Baruch College, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Riad A, Hocková B, Kantorová L, Slávik R, Spurná L, Stebel A, Havriľak M, Klugar M. Side Effects of mRNA-Based COVID-19 Vaccine: Nationwide Phase IV Study among Healthcare Workers in Slovakia. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:873. [PMID: 34577573 PMCID: PMC8466035 DOI: 10.3390/ph14090873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines such as BNT162b2 have recently been a target of anti-vaccination campaigns due to their novelty in the healthcare industry; nevertheless, these vaccines have exhibited excellent results in terms of efficacy and safety. As a consequence, they acquired the first approvals from drug regulators and were deployed at a large scale among priority groups, including healthcare workers. This phase IV study was designed as a nationwide cross-sectional survey to evaluate the post-vaccination side effects among healthcare workers in Slovakia. The study used a validated self-administered questionnaire that inquired about participants' demographic information, medical anamneses, COVID-19-related anamnesis, and local, systemic, oral, and skin-related side effects following receiving the BNT162b2 vaccine. A total of 522 participants were included in this study, of whom 77% were females, 55.7% were aged between 31 and 54 years, and 41.6% were from Banska Bystrica. Most of the participants (91.6%) reported at least one side effect. Injection site pain (85.2%) was the most common local side effect, while fatigue (54.2%), headache (34.3%), muscle pain (28.4%), and chills (26.4%) were the most common systemic side effects. The reported side effects were of a mild nature (99.6%) that did not require medical attention and a short duration, as most of them (90.4%) were resolved within three days. Females and young adults were more likely to report post-vaccination side effects; such a finding is also consistent with what was previously reported by other phase IV studies worldwide. The role of chronic illnesses and medical treatments in post-vaccination side effect incidence and intensity requires further robust investigation among large population groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abanoub Riad
- Czech National Centre for Evidence-Based Healthcare and Knowledge Translation (Cochrane Czech Republic, Czech EBHC: JBI Centre of Excellence, Masaryk University GRADE Centre), Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (L.K.); (M.K.)
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Hocková
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, F. D. Roosevelt University Hospital, 975 17 Banska Bystrica, Slovakia; (B.H.); (R.S.); (A.S.)
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Lucia Kantorová
- Czech National Centre for Evidence-Based Healthcare and Knowledge Translation (Cochrane Czech Republic, Czech EBHC: JBI Centre of Excellence, Masaryk University GRADE Centre), Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (L.K.); (M.K.)
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Rastislav Slávik
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, F. D. Roosevelt University Hospital, 975 17 Banska Bystrica, Slovakia; (B.H.); (R.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Lucia Spurná
- Department of Anesthesiology, F. D. Roosevelt University Hospital, 975 17 Banska Bystrica, Slovakia;
| | - Adam Stebel
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, F. D. Roosevelt University Hospital, 975 17 Banska Bystrica, Slovakia; (B.H.); (R.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Michal Havriľak
- Clinic of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Central Military Hospital and Faculty Hospital, 034 26 Ružomberok, Slovakia;
| | - Miloslav Klugar
- Czech National Centre for Evidence-Based Healthcare and Knowledge Translation (Cochrane Czech Republic, Czech EBHC: JBI Centre of Excellence, Masaryk University GRADE Centre), Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (L.K.); (M.K.)
- Institute of Health Information and Statistics of the Czech Republic, Palackého náměstí 4, 128 01 Prague, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Multiclass classification of metabolic conditions using fasting plasma levels of glucose and insulin. HEALTH AND TECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12553-021-00550-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
31
|
Molinaro J, Banerjee A, Lyndon S, Slocum S, Danhieux-Poole C, Restivo-Pritzl C, Uselmann AM, Wallace L, Knight JM. Reducing distress and depression in cancer patients during survivorship. Psychooncology 2021; 30:962-969. [PMID: 33797112 DOI: 10.1002/pon.5683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Distress and depression are prevalent in cancer patients throughout survivorship and are associated with adverse outcomes. This study examines the association between outpatient psycho-oncology treatment and distress and depression in cancer patients. METHODS This is a prospective observational study of adult patients with a primary diagnosis of cancer referred for psycho-oncology services. Patients were seen for two psycho-oncology visits in a single clinical setting with various qualified providers. Patients completed the distress thermometer and problem checklist (DT + PL) and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) at the beginning of their first and second visits and repeated the DT at the end of these visits. RESULTS The analysis included 174 patients seen once and 69 patients seen twice. Patients were seen on average 2.5 years after diagnosis. Both visits were associated with significant reductions in distress (5.56 before and 3.85 after for visit 1, p < 0.001; 4.92 before and 3.43 after for visit 2, p < 0.001). There was a significant reduction in distress from baseline to after visit 2 (p < 0.001). Depression scores significantly decreased from the first to second visits (8.79-7.57; p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS Psycho-oncology services were associated with significant reductions in distress and depression, with scores after services no longer meeting criteria for clinically significant distress (DT scores ≥ 4) and depression (PHQ-9 scores ≥ 8) as they did at baseline. Reductions in distress and depression were not significantly associated with provider type, intervention or timing of diagnosis. These findings support the use of psycho-oncology services in cancer patients throughout survivorship.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Molinaro
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Anjishnu Banerjee
- Division of Biostatistics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Stanley Lyndon
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Sarah Slocum
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | | | - Christine Restivo-Pritzl
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | | | - Lyndsey Wallace
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Jennifer M Knight
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.,Departments of Medicine and Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Mental Health Help-Seeking in Adolescence: An Exploration of Variables Associated with Help-Seeking Intent in Schools. SCHOOL MENTAL HEALTH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12310-021-09426-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
33
|
Pisano M, Allievi N, Gurusamy K, Borzellino G, Cimbanassi S, Boerna D, Coccolini F, Tufo A, Di Martino M, Leung J, Sartelli M, Ceresoli M, Maier RV, Poiasina E, De Angelis N, Magnone S, Fugazzola P, Paolillo C, Coimbra R, Di Saverio S, De Simone B, Weber DG, Sakakushev BE, Lucianetti A, Kirkpatrick AW, Fraga GP, Wani I, Biffl WL, Chiara O, Abu-Zidan F, Moore EE, Leppäniemi A, Kluger Y, Catena F, Ansaloni L. 2020 World Society of Emergency Surgery updated guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute calculus cholecystitis. World J Emerg Surg 2020; 15:61. [PMID: 33153472 PMCID: PMC7643471 DOI: 10.1186/s13017-020-00336-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute calculus cholecystitis (ACC) has a high incidence in the general population. The presence of several areas of uncertainty, along with the availability of new evidence, prompted the current update of the 2016 WSES (World Society of Emergency Surgery) Guidelines on ACC. MATERIALS AND METHODS The WSES president appointed four members as a scientific secretariat, four members as an organization committee and four members as a scientific committee, choosing them from the expert affiliates of WSES. Relevant key questions were constructed, and the task force produced drafts of each section based on the best scientific evidence from PubMed and EMBASE Library; recommendations were developed in order to answer these key questions. The quality of evidence and strength of recommendations were reviewed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) criteria (see https://www.gradeworkinggroup.org/ ). All the statements were presented, discussed and voted upon during the Consensus Conference at the 6th World Congress of the World Society of Emergency Surgery held in Nijmegen (NL) in May 2019. A revised version of the statements was voted upon via an online questionnaire until consensus was reached. RESULTS The pivotal role of surgery is confirmed, including in high-risk patients. When compared with the WSES 2016 guidelines, the role of gallbladder drainage is reduced, despite the considerable technical improvements available. Early laparoscopic cholecystectomy (ELC) should be the standard of care whenever possible, even in subgroups of patients who are considered fragile, such as the elderly; those with cardiac disease, renal disease and cirrhosis; or those who are generally at high risk for surgery. Subtotal cholecystectomy is safe and represents a valuable option in cases of difficult gallbladder removal. CONCLUSIONS, KNOWLEDGE GAPS AND RESEARCH RECOMMENDATIONS ELC has a central role in the management of patients with ACC. The value of surgical treatment for high-risk patients should lead to a distinction between high-risk patients and patients who are not suitable for surgery. Further evidence on the role of clinical judgement and the use of clinical scores as adjunctive tools to guide treatment of high-risk patients and patients who are not suitable for surgery is required. The development of local policies for safe laparoscopic cholecystectomy is recommended.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michele Pisano
- General Surgery I, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Niccolò Allievi
- General Surgery I, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Kurinchi Gurusamy
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
| | | | | | - Djamila Boerna
- Department of Surgery, St. Antonius Ziekenhuis, Nieuwegein, Netherlands
| | - Federico Coccolini
- General Emergency and Trauma Surgery, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Tufo
- HPB and Liver Transplant Surgery, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
| | | | - Jeffrey Leung
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Marco Ceresoli
- Department of General and Emergency Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Ronald V. Maier
- Department of Surgery, Harborview Medical Centre, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Elia Poiasina
- General Surgery I, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Nicola De Angelis
- Unit of Digestive and HPB Surgery, CARE Department, Henri Mondor Hospital and University Paris-Est, Creteil, France
| | - Stefano Magnone
- General Surgery I, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Paola Fugazzola
- General and Emergency Surgery, Bufalini Hospital, Cesena, Italy
| | - Ciro Paolillo
- Emergency Room Brescia Spedali Civili General Hospital, Brescia, Italy
| | - Raul Coimbra
- Comparative Effectiveness and Clinical Outcomes Research Center-CECORC, Riverside University Health System Medical Center, Moreno Valley, CA USA
| | | | - Belinda De Simone
- Department of General Surgery, Azienda USL-IRCSS di Reggio Emilia, Guastalla Hospital, Guastalla, Italy
| | - Dieter G. Weber
- Department of General Surgery Royal Perth Hospital, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Boris E. Sakakushev
- Research Institute at Medical University Plovdiv/University Hospital St George, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | | | - Andrew W. Kirkpatrick
- General, Acute Care, Abdominal Wall Reconstruction, and Trauma Surgery, Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, AB Canada
| | - Gustavo P. Fraga
- Division of Trauma Surgery, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP Brazil
| | - Imitaz Wani
- Department of Surgery, Sheri-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, India
| | | | - Osvaldo Chiara
- General Surgery Trauma Team ASST-GOM Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Fikri Abu-Zidan
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, UAE University, Al Ain, UAE
| | - Ernest E. Moore
- Ernest E Moore Shock Trauma Center at Denver Health, Denver, CO USA
| | - Ari Leppäniemi
- Abdominal Center Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Yoram Kluger
- Department of General Surgery, the Rambam Academic Hospital, Haifa, Israel
| | - Fausto Catena
- Emergency Surgery, University Parma Hospital, Parma, Italy
| | - Luca Ansaloni
- General and Emergency Surgery, Bufalini Hospital, Cesena, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Mitchell JA, Perry R. Disparities in patient-centered communication for Black and Latino men in the U.S.: Cross-sectional results from the 2010 health and retirement study. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0238356. [PMID: 32991624 PMCID: PMC7523955 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A lack of patient-centered communication (PCC) with health providers plays an important role in perpetuating disparities in health care outcomes and experiences for minority men. This study aimed to identify factors associated with any racial differences in the experience of PCC among Black and Latino men in a nationally representative sample. METHODS We employed a cross-sectional analysis of four indicators of PCC representative of interactions with doctors and nurses from (N = 3082) non-Latino White, Latino, and Black males from the 2010 Health and Retirement Study (HRS) Core and the linked HRS Health Care Mail in Survey (HCMS). Men's mean age was 66.76 years. The primary independent variable was Race/Ethnicity (i.e. Black and Hispanic/Latino compared to white males) and covariates included age, education, marital status, insurance status, place of care, and self-rated health. RESULTS Bivariate manova analyses revealed racial differences across each of the four facets of PCC experience such that non-Hispanic white men reported PC experiences most frequently followed by black then Hispanic/Latino men. Multivariate linear regressions predictive of PCC by race/ethnicity revealed that for Black men, fewer PCC experiences were predicted by discriminatory experiences, reporting fewer chronic conditions and a lack of insurance coverage. For Hispanic/Latino men, access to a provider proved key where not having a place of usual care solely predicted lower PCC frequency. IMPLICATIONS Researchers and health practitioners should continue to explore the impact of inadequate health care coverage, time-limited medical visits and implicit racial bias on medical encounters for underrepresented patients, and to advocate for accessible, inclusive and responsive communication between minority male patients and their health providers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jamie A Mitchell
- School of Social Work, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Ramona Perry
- School of Social Work, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Margariti C, Gannon KN, Walsh JJ, Green JSA. GP experience and understandings of providing follow-up care in prostate cancer survivors in England. HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE IN THE COMMUNITY 2020; 28:1468-1478. [PMID: 32106357 DOI: 10.1111/hsc.12969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Survival times for prostate cancer have increased substantially, meaning more survivors will be discharged to General Practitioners' (GP) services. The detection of recurrence and monitoring of symptoms and long-term side-effects in prostate cancer survivors requires the active involvement of GPs in their follow-up care. In order to address this, the transition and discharge from hospital to primary care must be managed effectively. The objective of this study was to examine the preparedness, concerns and experiences of GPs in relation to their role in providing follow-up care to prostate cancer survivors. Purposive sampling was used to recruit GPs with experience in providing care to prostate cancer survivors. Twenty semi-structured telephone interviews were conducted with GPs across England. The interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using thematic analysis. Participants described their current role in the follow-up pathway, a number of challenges and barriers in assuming this role, and potential ways to resolve these and improve their involvement. They expressed a range of views about their preparedness and willingness to take over follow-up care after discharge for this group of patients. GPs had reservations about workload, lack of resources, expertise and deficiencies in communication with hospitals. Findings from this study suggest that GPs will be ready to take over the follow-up care of prostate cancer survivors if better information, additional training and adequate resources are provided and communication lines with hospital specialists are clear. Understanding the issues faced by GPs and overcoming identified barriers to providing follow-up care to prostate cancer survivors will provide the insight necessary to make the process of transferring care from secondary to primary teams a more straightforward task for all stakeholders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charikleia Margariti
- Research and Development Department, North East London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Kenneth N Gannon
- School of Psychology, Stratford Campus, University of East London, London, UK
| | - James J Walsh
- School of Psychology, Stratford Campus, University of East London, London, UK
| | - James S A Green
- Department of Urology, Barts Health NHS Trust, Whipps Cross Hospital, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Tufo A, Pisano M, Ansaloni L, de Reuver P, van Laarhoven K, Davidson B, Gurusamy KS. Risk Prediction in Acute Calculous Cholecystitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prognostic Factors and Predictive Models. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 2020; 31:41-53. [PMID: 32716737 DOI: 10.1089/lap.2020.0151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the main treatment of acute cholecystitis. Although considered relatively safe, it carries 6%-9% risk of major complications and 0.1%-1% risk of mortality. There is no consensus regarding the evaluation of the preoperative risks, and the management of patients with acute cholecystitis is usually guided by surgeon's personal preferences. We assessed the best method to identify patients with acute cholecystitis who are at high risk of complications and mortality. Methods: We performed a systematic review of studies that reported the preoperative prediction of outcomes in people with acute cholecystitis. We searched the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, EMBASE, WHO ICTRP, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Science Citation Index Expanded until April 27, 2019. We performed a meta-analysis when possible. Results: Six thousand eight hundred twenty-seven people were included in one or more analyses in 12 studies. Tokyo guidelines 2013 (TG13) predicted mortality (two studies; Grade 3 versus Grade 1: odds ratio [OR] 5.08, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.79-9.26). Gender predicted conversion to open cholecystectomy (two studies; OR 1.59, 95% CI 1.06-2.39). None of the factors reported in at least two studies had significant predictive ability of major or minor complications. Conclusion: There is significant uncertainty in the ability of prognostic factors and risk prediction models in predicting outcomes in people with acute calculous cholecystitis. Based on studies of high risk of bias, TG13 Grade 3 severity may be associated with greater mortality than Grade 1. Early referral of such patients to high-volume specialist centers should be considered. Further well-designed prospective studies are necessary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Tufo
- HPB and Liver Transplant Surgery, Royal Free Hampstead NHS Foundation Trust, Royal Free Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michele Pisano
- 1st Surgical Unit, Department of Emergency, Papa Giovanni Hospital XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Luca Ansaloni
- Department of Emergency and Trauma Surgery, Bufalini Hospital, Cesena, Italy
| | - Philip de Reuver
- Department of Surgery, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Kees van Laarhoven
- Department of Surgery, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Brian Davidson
- HPB and Liver Transplant Surgery, Royal Free Hampstead NHS Foundation Trust, Royal Free Hospital, London, United Kingdom.,Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kurinchi Selvan Gurusamy
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Revision Carpal Tunnel Release: Risk Factors and Rate of Secondary Surgery. Plast Reconstr Surg 2020; 145:1204-1214. [DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000006742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
38
|
A Novel Approach to Characterizing Readmission Patterns Following Hospitalization for Ambulatory Care-Sensitive Conditions. J Gen Intern Med 2020; 35:1060-1068. [PMID: 31993948 PMCID: PMC7174498 DOI: 10.1007/s11606-020-05643-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about the frequency, patterns, and determinants of readmissions among patients initially hospitalized for an ambulatory care-sensitive condition (ACSC). The degree to which hospitalizations in close temporal proximity cluster has also not been studied. Readmission patterns involving clustering likely reflect different underlying determinants than the same number of readmissions more evenly spaced. OBJECTIVE To characterize readmission rates, patterns, and predictors among patients initially hospitalized with an ACSC. DESIGN Retrospective analysis of the 2010-2014 Nationwide Readmissions Database. PARTICIPANTS Non-pregnant patients aged 18-64 years old during initial ACSC hospitalization and who were discharged alive (N = 5,007,820). MAIN MEASURES Frequency and pattern of 30-day all-cause readmissions, grouped as 0, 1, 2+ non-clustered, and 2+ clustered readmissions. KEY RESULTS Approximately 14% of patients had 1 readmission, 2.4% had 2+ non-clustered readmissions, and 3.3% patients had 2+ clustered readmissions during the 270-day follow-up. A higher Elixhauser Comorbidity Index was associated with increased risk for all readmission groups, namely with adjusted odds ratios (AORs) ranging from 1.12 to 3.34. Compared to patients aged 80 years and older, those in younger age groups had increased risk of 2+ non-clustered and 2+ clustered readmissions (AOR range 1.27-2.49). Patients with chronic versus acute ACSCs had an increased odds ratio of all readmission groups compared to those with 0 readmissions (AOR range 1.37-2.69). CONCLUSIONS Among patients with 2+ 30-day readmissions, factors were differentially distributed between clustered and non-clustered readmissions. Identifying factors that could predict future readmission patterns can inform primary care in the prevention of readmissions following ACSC-related hospitalizations.
Collapse
|
39
|
Silver ER, Hur C. Gender differences in prescription opioid use and misuse: Implications for men's health and the opioid epidemic. Prev Med 2020; 131:105946. [PMID: 31816359 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2019.105946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The majority of research on gender and the opioid epidemic focuses on women as patients, caregivers, or expectant mothers. However, little research approaches men as gendered subjects, despite their dramatically increased risk of opioid overdose. Accordingly, we examined gender differences in prescription opioid use and misuse with specific attention to implications for men using data from the 2017 National Survey on Drug Use and Health. We used design-adjusted, weighted Wald tests and multivariate logistic regression to compare gender differences in rates of prescription opioid use and misuse, prescription opioid sources, primary motivation for misuse, and prescription opioid dependence. We found that although men were significantly less likely than women to report opioid use, they were significantly more likely to report opioid misuse and to misuse prescription opioids primarily to feel good or get high. Among past-year opioid users, men were significantly more likely than women to meet DSM-IV criteria for opioid dependence. Results are consistent with past work on the intersection of masculinity norms and health behaviors. Although gender-specific interventions are typically synonymous with interventions tailored to women, our results suggest that such interventions could alleviate the burden of the opioid epidemic for men as well. Further research studying possible mechanisms that explain men's increased vulnerability to the opioid epidemic is urgently needed to address this growing public health crisis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth R Silver
- Department of Medicine, Division of General Medicine, New York Presbyterian Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chin Hur
- Department of Medicine, Division of General Medicine, New York Presbyterian Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Kuhlman STW, McDermott RC, Kridel MM, Kantra LM. College students' peer-helping behaviors and stigma of seeking help: Testing a moderated mediation model. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2019; 67:753-761. [PMID: 30240336 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2018.1506791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Objective: College students are most likely to seek psychological help from their peers. Internalized public stigma (ie, personal stigma) may prevent peer-helpers from aiding others, and such help-negating effects may depend on contextual factors such as race and gender. The current study examined a moderated mediation model in which the relationship between public stigma and peer intervention behaviors was mediated by personal stigma and moderated by race and gender categories. Method: Undergraduate students (N = 5,183) from the national Healthy Minds Study completed measures of help-seeking stigma and peer-helping behaviors. Results: Conditional Process Modeling revealed that personal stigma fully mediated the link between public stigma and peer-helping behaviors. Gender (but not race) moderated these associations such that the indirect and direct effects were stronger from men than women. Conclusions: Peer-helper interventions may benefit from culture-specific re-norming messages and by addressing the role of gender in peer-helping.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ryon C McDermott
- Psychology Department, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Matthew M Kridel
- Psychology Department, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Lacy M Kantra
- Psychology Department, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Baker TA, Vásquez E, Minahan JA. Variability of Pain Outcomes and Physical Activity Among a Diverse Sample of Older Men: Is It More Than Just Race? Gerontol Geriatr Med 2019; 5:2333721419878587. [PMID: 31633001 PMCID: PMC6767716 DOI: 10.1177/2333721419878587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a compendium of data documenting the increasing number of older adults.
This suggests the continued need to understand identified health outcomes across
domains of pain and physical activity, particularly among older men. Therefore,
the aim of this study was to evaluate race similarities and/or differences in
pain and rates of physical activity among White, Black, and Hispanic men 60+
years of age. Data were taken from the Health and Retirement Study, a
longitudinal panel study surveying a representative sample of people in the
United States. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine associations
between race and pain and the odds of regular physical activity. Results showed
that Black men were less likely to participate in light or moderate/vigorous
physical activity. Similarly, pain increased the odds of physical activity among
Hispanics, but decreased the odds of physical activity among White men. Findings
may reflect a number of factors that impact the well-being of what it means to
experience pain and physical functioning, while also assuming a masculine
identity. This perspective may allow for a better understanding of short- and
long-term implications of the pain experience and the pain and physical
functioning dyad among this group of men.
Collapse
|
42
|
Chen YN, Coker D, Kramer MR, Johnson BA, Wall KM, Ordóñez CE, McDaniel D, Edwards A, Hare AQ, Sunpath H, Marconi VC. The Impacts of Residential Location on the Risk of HIV Virologic Failure Among ART Users in Durban, South Africa. AIDS Behav 2019; 23:2558-2575. [PMID: 31049812 PMCID: PMC9356386 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-019-02523-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Using a case-control study of patients receiving antiretroviral treatment (ART) in 2010-2012 at McCord Hospital in Durban, South Africa, we sought to understand how residential locations impact patients' risk of virologic failure (VF). Using generalized estimating equations to fit logistic regression models, we estimated the associations of VF with socioeconomic status (SES) and geographic access to care. We then determined whether neighborhood-level poverty modifies the association between individual-level SES and VF. Automobile ownership for men and having non-spouse family members pay medical care for women remained independently associated with increased odds of VF for patients dwelling in moderately and severely poor neighborhoods. Closer geographic proximity to medical care was positively associated with VF among men, while higher neighborhood-level poverty was positively associated with VF among women. The programmatic implications of our findings include developing ART adherence interventions that address the role of gender in both the socioeconomic and geographical contexts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-No Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Daniella Coker
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Michael R Kramer
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Brent A Johnson
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Kristin M Wall
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Claudia E Ordóñez
- Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Darius McDaniel
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Alex Edwards
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Anna Q Hare
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Henry Sunpath
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Nelson Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Vincent C Marconi
- Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Testoni I, Branciforti G, Zamperini A, Zuliani L, Nava FA. Prisoners' ambivalent sexism and domestic violence: a narrative study. Int J Prison Health 2019; 15:332-348. [PMID: 31532343 DOI: 10.1108/ijph-09-2018-0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Gender inequality and sexism are often at the root of domestic violence against women and children, with both serving to justify male domination. This runs in parallel with mother-blaming bias, which constitutes a pervasive common sense and scientific error derived from the myth of the good and the bad mother, characterising a large part of studies on deviance. The purpose of this paper is to consider the possible role of sexism in prisoners' deviant biographies; for this, the authors considered the role of the mother in the biographies of prisoners, and the results lend support to the idea that mother-blaming is a serious fallacy. Starting from a critical psychology point of view and following the retrospective methodology, the authors interviewed 22 drug-addicted prisoners through Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) regarding their biographies and their relationships with parents and partners. DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH In the survey, the authors followed the same intention, and the results lend support to the idea that mother-blaming is a serious fallacy. The authors interviewed 22 drug-addicted prisoners through IPA concerning their biographies and their relationships with parents and partners. FINDINGS The main result of this qualitative study was the recognition of a fundamental sexism assumed by participants, characterised by a paradox between the representation of the mother and the representation of the ideal woman. Despite the mother being their positive affective referent, and battered by her husband/partner, the same participants had been witnesses of domestic violence, and sometimes victims, they interiorised from their father an ambivalent sexism: benevolent sexism with regard to their mother and exhibited hostile sexism with their partner. On the one hand, it emerged that female empowerment was desirable with respect to the mothers. On the other hand, the ideal woman was exactly as their mother was, that is, being absolutely subordinated to men (a patient, caring, submissive housewife, totally dedicated to her children and her husband). RESEARCH LIMITATIONS/IMPLICATIONS From a mainstream psychological perspective, the limits of the research are linked to the utilisation of the narrative method. Also, this methodology does not verify any hypotheses, so quotations from the participants are used to illustrate themes, and thus, it is difficult to report the informational complexities arising from the dialogues. However, the literature has emphasised that these limitations do not invalidate qualitative research findings, despite the difficulties in generalising the results of the qualitative studies. Thereafter, the critical analysis moved within the intersection of experience-centred approaches and the culturally oriented treatment of narratives, so that the focus on the stories of the prisoners makes meaning because it applies structure to experience, albeit, with the form and content of the texts. This research did not permit us to measure and evaluate post-hoc any post-traumatic hypotheses, which, in turn, would give room for further research. Another limitation of the research was that the relationship between culture of origin and gender biases, especially with participants from non-European countries, was not analysed. This topic would require an important in-depth study, which encompasses how women are treated in different countries and its effects on social maladjustment for immigrants in Italy. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS The outcome of this study suggests that within similar structures in the Institute of Mitigated Custody, the theme of sexism should be considered in more depth. Since sexism justifies violence against women, and is therefore a factor that can cause recidivism in the antisocial behaviour of prisoners once they have served their sentences. It is important to allow them to analyse the relationship between their sexist attitudes, witnessing violence in childhood and the possibility of changing moral values of reference in favour of equality. This type of psychological intervention must necessarily be based not only on the elaboration of traumas suffered during childhood with an abusive father, but also on issues related to gender equality and the theme of social inclusion. SOCIAL IMPLICATIONS The study suggests the idea that male sexism can be a factor responsible for suffering and maladjustment for men and that therefore an education that promotes equality of gender differences can also help prevent the social distress associated with drug addiction and deviance. ORIGINALITY/VALUE The paper considers some cogent issues inherent to ambivalent sexism that pervades prisoners' aspirations for their future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ines Testoni
- Dipartimento di Filosofia, Sociologia, Pedagogia e Psicologia Applicata (FISPPA), Università degli Studi di Padova Scuola di Psicologia , Padova, Italy
| | - Giulia Branciforti
- Penitentiary Medicine and Drug Abuse Unit Public Health Service of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Adriano Zamperini
- Dipartimento di Filosofia, Sociologia, Pedagogia e Psicologia Applicata (FISPPA), Università degli Studi di Padova , Padua, Italy
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Sheridan E, Wiseman JM, Malik AT, Pan X, Quatman CE, Santry HP, Phieffer LS. The role of sociodemographics in the occurrence of orthopaedic trauma. Injury 2019; 50:1288-1292. [PMID: 31160037 PMCID: PMC6613982 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2019.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We sought to determine the effects of sociodemographic factors on the occurrence of orthopaedic injuries in an adult population presenting to a level 1 trauma center. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a retrospective chart review of patients who received orthopaedic trauma care at a level 1 academic trauma center. RESULTS 20,919 orthopaedic trauma injury cases were treated at an academic level 1 trauma center between 01 January 1993 and 27 August 2017. Following application of inclusion/exclusion criteria, a total of 14,654 patients were retrieved for analysis. Out of 14,654 patients, 4602 (31.4%) belonged to low socioeconomic status (SES), 4961 (32.0%) to middle SES and 5361 (36.6%) to high SES. Following adjustment for age, sex, race, insurance status and injury severity score (ISS), patients belonging to middle SES vs. low SES (OR 0.77 [95% CI 0.63-0.94]; p = 0.009) or high SES vs. low SES (OR 0.77 [95% CI 0.62-0.95]; p = 0.016) had lower odds of receiving a penetrating injury as compared to a blunt injury. CONCLUSION The results from this study indicate that a link exists between sociodemographic factors and the occurrence of orthopaedic injuries presenting to a level 1 trauma center. The most common cause of injury varied within age groups, by sex, and within the different socioeconomic groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Sheridan
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, United States
| | - Jessica M Wiseman
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, United States
| | - Azeem Tariq Malik
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, United States
| | - Xueliang Pan
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, United States
| | - Carmen E Quatman
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, United States; Center for Surgical Health Assessment, Research and Policy (SHARP), The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, United States.
| | - Heena P Santry
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, United States; Center for Surgical Health Assessment, Research and Policy (SHARP), The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, United States
| | - Laura S Phieffer
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, United States
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
De Iorio ML, Rapport LJ, Wong CG, Stach BA. Characteristics of Adults With Unrecognized Hearing Loss. Am J Audiol 2019; 28:384-390. [PMID: 31084579 DOI: 10.1044/2019_aja-18-0152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Early detection of hearing loss is important for providing support and intervention for adults with age-related hearing loss. However, many older adults have hearing loss that is unidentified. Because they do not present the problem at health care settings, there is a dearth of research on people with unrecognized hearing loss (URHL). This study elucidates differences between older adults with normal hearing, adults with recognized hearing loss (RHL), and adults with URHL. Method Participants included 130 adults, ages 55-85 years. Of these, 39 had hearing in the normal range (HNR), 61 had RHL, and 30 reported HNR but failed a hearing screen (i.e., URHL). Participants completed the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS; Watson, Clark, & Tellegen, 1988 ) and a battery of neuropsychological tests. Results The URHL group reported more positive affectivity than the HNR and RHL groups on the PANAS. In addition, the URHL group was significantly older and more likely to be male compared to the HNR group. Importantly, age was not significantly correlated with PANAS. Positive affectivity accounted for unique variance in group membership even after accounting for age, gender, physical health, and cognitive health. Conclusions Older adults with URHL have more positive affectivity than older adults with HNR or RHL. This group may be prone to downplaying their difficulties; consequently, they may need to experience larger hearing deficits before seeking help. The findings highlight the need for research investigating the effectiveness of psychoeducation on the importance of formal hearing assessment verses relying on self-assessment in facilitating early and effective intervention among people with URHL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lisa J. Rapport
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
| | | | - Brad A. Stach
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Wang C, Gao Y, Zhu L, Huang M, Wu Y, Xuan J. Treatment Patterns in Patients With Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes in China: A Retrospective, Longitudinal Database Study. Clin Ther 2019; 41:1440-1452. [PMID: 31155146 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2019.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The objectives of this study were to examine the patterns of antihyperglycemic drug (AHD) therapy among patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the general Chinese population, stratified by initial hemoglobin (Hb) A1c level, and to assess whether treatment patterns are consistent with the recommendations published in the China Diabetes Society's clinical treatment guideline. METHODS A retrospective database analysis was conducted, and data were obtained from the SuValue database. Prescribing patterns for diabetes treatments were determined from data obtained from the Nanhai District-based electronic medical records database, a subset of the SuValue database. Data from patients newly diagnosed with T2DM who also had at least 2 prescriptions for AHD medications after diagnosis and at least 1 HbA1c test result during the 12 months prior to AHD treatment initiation, between January 1, 2004, and July 22, 2018, were included in the analysis. ANOVA, χ2 test, and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis were used to examine differences between 4 initial-HbA1c groups (<7%, 7%-<8%, 8%-<9%, and ≥9%). FINDINGS A total of 4712 patients were included, with women accounting for 47.8%; the mean age (SD) of the study population was 56.44 (12.57) years. Men were more likely to have had a higher HbA1c level at initial AHD treatment (P < 0.0001). The first-line therapies most frequently prescribed were metformin combination (29.5%), followed by insulin-including treatment (25.9%), and metformin monotherapy (19.2%). Metformin monotherapy (29.5%) was most commonly prescribed in patients with an HbA1c level of <7%; metformin combination (31.7%), in patients with an HbA1c level of 7%-<8%; and insulin-containing treatment, in patients with HbA1c levels of 8%-<9% (28.1%) and ≥9% (38.4%). Insulin-including treatment was more commonly prescribed than was metformin combination in patients with an initial HbA1c level of ≥8% after initial treatment. In third- and fourth-line treatments, patients with an HbA1c level of ≥8% more prevalently were prescribed metformin combination and insulin-including treatment, while metformin combination and "other" treatment were more generally prescribed in patients with an HbA1c level of ≤8%. However, 8.8% of patients with an HbA1c level of <7% were prescribed insulin-including treatment as first-line therapy. In all lines of treatment, the percentages of patients prescribed insulin were increased with initial HbA1c levels. A similar pattern was seen with dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors after first-line treatment. Overall, the median time to treatment switch was shorter than 3 months. IMPLICATIONS The findings from the present study depict a comprehensive overview of AHD-treatment patterns in patients stratified by HbA1c level. The current treatment practices observed were inconsistent the published guideline, in terms of recommendations on metformin monotherapy and insulin use in first-line therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunping Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue Gao
- Shanghai Centennial Scientific Co Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Lifeng Zhu
- Shanghai Suvalue Health Scientific Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Min Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yin Wu
- Shanghai Suvalue Health Scientific Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Jianwei Xuan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Academic disparities and health: How gender-based disparities in schools relate to boys' and girls' health. Soc Sci Med 2019; 228:126-134. [PMID: 30909156 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2019.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Recent research reveals that, although girls encounter some barriers in school (e.g., in science and math), on balance, boys perform worse academically. Moreover, other research has identified a correlation between exposure to a context characterized by large disparities in performance or resources and a range of negative outcomes, including negative health and well-being, among members of lower status groups. OBJECTIVE Building on these literatures, the present research tests the relationship between gender disparities in academic performance within a school and students' health outcomes. Specifically, we investigated whether boys had worse health when they attended schools where there was a greater disparity between boys' and girls' academic performance. METHOD We tested this hypothesis in two different samples with different health outcomes. In a sample of healthy eighth graders (Study 1; 159 girls and 81 boys), we assessed two indices of metabolic syndrome, and in a sample of children with asthma (Study 2; 122 girls and 153 boys), we assessed immune function (Th1 and Th2 cytokine production) and self-reported symptoms. Participants in both samples also reported the name of the school that they attended so that we could access publicly available information about the percentage of girls and the percentage of boys in each school who met expectations for their grade level on standardized tests. RESULTS In both samples, the greater the gap in a school between the percentage of girls and the percentage of boys who met expectations for their grade level on standardized tests, the worse boys' health. This pattern did not emerge among girls. CONCLUSION Results thus highlight the negative health correlates of academic disparities among members of lower-performing groups.
Collapse
|
48
|
Abstract
ABSTRACT:Objective: To develop a detailed profile of individuals living with migraine in Canada. Such a profile is important for planning and administration of services. Methods: The 2011–2012 Survey of Living with Neurological Conditions in Canada (SLNCC), a cross-sectional community-based survey, was used to examine a representative sample of migraineurs (N = 949) aged 15 years and older. Several health-related variables were examined (e.g., general health, health utility index (HUI) [a measure of health status and health-related quality of life, where dead = 0.00 and perfect health = 1.00], stigma, depression, and social support). Respondents were further stratified by sex, age, and age of migraine onset. Weighted overall and stratified prevalence estimates and odds ratios, both with 95% CIs, were used to estimate associations. Results: Overall, males had poorer health status compared with females (e.g., mean HUI was 0.67 in males vs. 0.82 in females; men had over two times the odds of their migraine limiting educational and job opportunities compared with females). Poorer health-related variables were seen in the older age groups (35–64 years/≥65 years) compared with the 15–34-year age group. There were no differences between those whose migraine symptoms began before versus after the age of 20 years. Conclusions: In this Canadian sample, migraine was associated with worse health-related variables in men compared with women. However, both men and women were significantly affected by migraine across various health-related variables. Thus, it is important to improve clinical and public health interventions addressing the impact of migraine across individuals of all ages, sexes, and sociodemographic backgrounds.
Collapse
|
49
|
Náfrádi L, Kostova Z, Nakamoto K, Schulz PJ. The doctor-patient relationship and patient resilience in chronic pain: A qualitative approach to patients' perspectives. Chronic Illn 2018; 14:256-270. [PMID: 29096534 DOI: 10.1177/1742395317739961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To study patients' perspectives about the role of the doctor-patient relationship in promoting the resilience process. METHODS We conducted in-depth interviews with 20 chronic pain patients. Using open-ended questions, the interviews explored aspects of the doctor-patient relationship that impacted the patients' perceptions of their resilience. Thematic analysis built on an inductive, adaptive approach to data coding was employed to organize a representation of key factors affecting resilience. RESULTS The themes emerging from the interviews inform us about how the different aspects of the doctor-patient relationship can promote patient resilience in chronic pain. Three main themes emerged: the doctor providing psychological support, promoting patients' health literacy related to chronic pain and its treatment, and empowering the patients to cooperate in finding the right treatment. This fosters patients' direct outcomes (feeling validated, health literate, and empowered), which, in turn, lead to adaptive coping responses and day-to-day disease management. These direct outcomes are crucial for patients to maintain socially and personally meaningful activities and their functional (physical) capacity. DISCUSSION A doctor-patient relationship following the precepts of the patient-centered care is a significant resource that can lead to increased patient resilience. Thus, future interventions promoting patient resilience might consider addressing the doctor-patient relationship.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lilla Náfrádi
- 1 Institute of Communication and Health, Universita della Svizzera Italiana, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Zlatina Kostova
- 2 Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, USA
| | - Kent Nakamoto
- 1 Institute of Communication and Health, Universita della Svizzera Italiana, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Peter J Schulz
- 1 Institute of Communication and Health, Universita della Svizzera Italiana, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Mahalik JR, Backus Dagirmanjian FR. Working Men's Constructions of Visiting the Doctor. Am J Mens Health 2018; 12:1582-1592. [PMID: 29790408 PMCID: PMC6142142 DOI: 10.1177/1557988318777351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 04/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
To understand influences on medical help seeking in men from traditionally masculine occupations, semistructured interviews with 12 men employed in manual and industrial labor were conducted. The semistructured interview format explored participant men's understanding and experiences of annual exams and medical help seeking, their own and others' reactions to seeking medical help, and influences on their own care and understanding of what it means to seek medical care. Utilizing consensual qualitative research methodology, five domains emerged: Social norms around medical care, managing threat, getting medical help is gendered, work-related influences, and pragmatic contributors to medical help seeking. Results extended the literature by situating men's understanding of physician visits within a gendered and social context, and highlighting the influence of work and coworkers, where messages are often contradictory and inconsistent about medical help seeking. Future research should examine additional contextual factors influencing men's attitudes toward seeking health care, including race, culture, and sexual orientation, as well as seek to develop and evaluate interventions that promote men's utilization of medical services.
Collapse
|