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Jia R, Coupland C, Vinogradova Y, Qureshi N, Turner E, Vedhara K. Mental health conditions and COVID-19 vaccine outcomes: A scoping review. J Psychosom Res 2024; 183:111826. [PMID: 38870550 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2024.111826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Research shows that people with a history of mental health conditions were at increased risk of COVID-19 infection, hospitalisation, and mortality. However, the relationship between mental health conditions and COVID-19 vaccine outcomes such as vaccine intention, uptake and vaccine breakthrough is not yet well-understood. METHODS We conducted a systematic search on the topics of COVID-19 vaccine intentions, vaccine uptake, and vaccine breakthrough, in relation to mental health conditions (e.g., depression, schizophrenia), in four databases: PubMed, MEDLINE, SCOPUS, and PsychINFO, and the publication lists of Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD), The Health Improvement Network (THIN), OpenSAFELY, and QResearch. Inclusion criteria focussed on studies reporting any of the aforementioned COVID-19 vaccine outcomes among people with mental health conditions. RESULTS Of 251 publications initially identified, 32 met our inclusion criteria. Overall, the evidence is inconclusive regarding the levels of intention to accept COVID-19 vaccines among people with mental health conditions. People with mental health conditions were more likely to have lower uptake of COVID-19 vaccines, compared to people without. Common barriers to COVID-19 vaccine uptake included concerns about the safety, effectiveness, and side effects of the vaccines. Limited evidence also suggests that vaccine breakthrough may be a particular risk for those with substance use disorder. CONCLUSIONS Evidence for the association between COVID-19 vaccine intentions and mental health conditions is mixed. Vaccine uptake might be lower in people with mental health conditions compared to people without, yielding interventions to encourage vaccine uptake in this population. Our understanding of COVID-19 vaccine breakthrough in this population also needs enhancing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Jia
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, Medical Science Division, University of Oxford, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, Oxford, OX2 6GG, UK
| | - Carol Coupland
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, Medical Science Division, University of Oxford, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, Oxford, OX2 6GG, UK; Centre for Academic Primary Care, Lifespan and Population Health, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Yana Vinogradova
- Centre for Academic Primary Care, Lifespan and Population Health, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Nadeem Qureshi
- Centre for Academic Primary Care, Lifespan and Population Health, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Emma Turner
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1QU, UK
| | - Kavita Vedhara
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Tower Building, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK.
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Wiederhold BK. From Screen Time to Face Time: Reclaiming Social Connectedness for Health and Longevity. CYBERPSYCHOLOGY, BEHAVIOR AND SOCIAL NETWORKING 2024. [PMID: 38916113 DOI: 10.1089/cyber.2024.0308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
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Agustiningsih D, Wibawa T. Demystifying roles of exercise in immune response regulation against acute respiratory infections: A narrative review. SPORTS MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2024; 6:139-153. [PMID: 38708320 PMCID: PMC11067861 DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2024.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The benefits of physical activity and exercise, especially those classified as moderate-to-vigorous activity (MVPA), have been well-established in preventing non-communicable diseases and mental health problems in healthy adults. However, the relationship between physical activity and exercise and the prevention and management of acute respiratory infection (ARI), a global high-burden disease, has been inconclusive. There have been debates and disagreements among scientific publications regarding the relationship between exercise and immune response against the causative agents of ARI. This narrative review aims to explore the theory that sufficiently explains the correlation between exercise, immune response, and ARI. The potential root causes of discrepancies come from research associated with the "open window" hypothesis. The studies have several limitations, and future improvements to address them are urgently needed in the study design, data collection, exercise intervention, subject recruitment, biomarkers for infection and inflammation, nutritional and metabolism status, and in addressing confounding variables. In conclusion, data support the clinical advantages of exercise have a regulatory contribution toward improving the immune response, which in turn potentially protects humans fromARI. However, the hypothesis related to its negative effect must be adopted cautiously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denny Agustiningsih
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | - Tri Wibawa
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
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Lu YH, Wang M, Lin JQ, Wang MY, Zhou LY, He SH, Yi YT, Wei X, Huang QJ, Su ZH, Yang J, Guo HW, He RR, Luo Z. Fufang Luohanguo Qingfei granules reduces influenza virus susceptibility via MAVS-dependent type I interferon antiviral signaling. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 324:117780. [PMID: 38278377 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Fufang Luohanguo Qingfei granules (LQG) is a Chinese patent medicine, clinically used to treat flu-like symptoms including cough with yellow phlegm, impeded phlegm, dry throat and tongue. However, the protective activity of LQG against influenza infection is indeterminate. AIM OF THE STUDY This study is to investigate the therapeutic effect of LQG on influenza infection and elucidate its underlying mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS In vivo: A viral susceptible mouse model induced by restraint stress was established to investigate LQG's beneficial effects on influenza susceptibility. MAVS knockout (Mavs-/-) mice were used to verify the potential mechanism of LQG. In vitro: Corticosteroid (CORT)-treated A549 cells were employed to identify the active ingredients in LQG. Mice morbidity and mortality were monitored daily for 21 days. Histopathologic changes and inflammatory cytokines in lung tissues were examined by H&E staining and ELISA. RNA-seq was used to explore the signaling pathway influenced by LQG and further confirmed by qPCR. Immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were used to determine the protein levels. CO-IP and DARTS were applied to detect protein-protein interaction and compound-protein interaction, respectively. RESULTS LQG effectively attenuated the susceptibility of restrained mice to H1N1 infection. LQG significantly boosted the production of IFN-β transduced by mitochondrial antiviral-signaling protein (MAVS), while MAVS deficiency abrogated its protective effects on restrained mice infected with H1N1. Moreover, in vitro studies further revealed that mogroside Ⅱ B, amygdalin, and luteolin are potentially active components of LQG. CONCLUSION These results suggested that LQG inhibited the mitofusin 2 (Mfn2)-mediated ubiquitination of MAVS by impeding the E3 ligase synoviolin 1 (SYVN1) recruitment, thereby enhancing IFN-β antiviral response. Overall, our work elaborates a potential regimen for influenza treatment through reduction of stress-induced susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hui Lu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules Research and Evaluation, College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Precision Detection and Screening, Key Laboratory of Micro-Nanoscale Bioanalysis and Drug Screening of Guangxi Education Department, China
| | - Min Wang
- Hainan General Hospital, Department of Pharmacy, Haikou, 570311, China
| | - Jin-Quan Lin
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules Research and Evaluation, College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Mu-Yang Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules Research and Evaluation, College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Li-Ying Zhou
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules Research and Evaluation, College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Song-Hua He
- Guangxi Institute for Food and Drug Control, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Yu-Ting Yi
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules Research and Evaluation, College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Xia Wei
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules Research and Evaluation, College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Qiu-Ju Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules Research and Evaluation, College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Precision Detection and Screening, Key Laboratory of Micro-Nanoscale Bioanalysis and Drug Screening of Guangxi Education Department, China
| | - Zhi-Heng Su
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules Research and Evaluation, College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules Research and Evaluation, College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Hong-Wei Guo
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules Research and Evaluation, College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China.
| | - Rong-Rong He
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 612505, China.
| | - Zhuo Luo
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules Research and Evaluation, College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Precision Detection and Screening, Key Laboratory of Micro-Nanoscale Bioanalysis and Drug Screening of Guangxi Education Department, China.
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5
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Montoya MM, Gander JC, Suglia SF, McDonald B, Patel SA, Davis T, Patzer RE, Jagannathan R, Teunis L, Harding JL. Racial Disparities in COVID-19 Severity Are Partially Mediated by Chronic Stress-Evidence from a Large Integrated Healthcare System. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2024:10.1007/s40615-024-01920-6. [PMID: 38294635 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-024-01920-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Racial and ethnic minorities have experienced a disproportionate burden of severe COVID-19. Whether chronic stress, also disproportionately experienced by racial and ethnic minorities, explains this excess risk is unknown. METHODS We identified 9577 adults (≥ 18 years) diagnosed with COVID-19 from January 1, 2020, through September 30, 2021, enrolled in Kaiser Permanente Georgia (KPGA) with complete biomarker data. Self-reported race (Black or White) was defined from electronic medical records. Chronic stress, defined as allostatic load (AL), a composite score (scale 0-7) based on seven cardio-metabolic biomarkers, was categorized as below (low AL) or above (high AL) the median. Severe COVID-19 was defined as hospitalization or mortality within 30 days of COVID-19 diagnosis. The association between race, AL, and severe COVID-19 was assessed using multivariable Poisson regression. The mediating effect of AL was assessed using the Valeri and VanderWeele method. All results were expressed as risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS Overall, Black (vs. White) KPGA members had an 18% excess risk of AL (RR: 1.18, 95%CI: 1.14-1.23) and a 24% excess risk of severe COVID-19 (RR: 1.24, 95%CI: 1.12, 1.37). AL explained 23% of the Black-White disparities in severe COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS In our study, chronic stress, characterized by AL, partially mediated Black-White disparities in severe COVID-19 outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda M Montoya
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jennifer C Gander
- Center for Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Georgia, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Shakira F Suglia
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Bennett McDonald
- Center for Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Georgia, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Shivani A Patel
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Teaniese Davis
- Center for Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Georgia, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Ram Jagannathan
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Larissa Teunis
- Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jessica L Harding
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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6
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Nair PMK, Silwal K, Arankale D, Sharma H, Tewani GR. Unity of Disease and Unity of Cure: An Evidence-based Perspective. Integr Med (Encinitas) 2023; 22:38-43. [PMID: 37534022 PMCID: PMC10393381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Context One of the governing principles of naturopathic medicine is the concept of Unity of Disease and Unity of Cure (UDUC). Many naturopathic physicians and students find it challenging to provide a scientific basis for UDUC because conventionally every disease has varying etiologies. Objective The review intended to explore the basis of UDUC, examining the available theoretical evidence around this fundamental tenet of naturopathic medicine, to promote its effective use when consulting new patients and planning the subsequent treatment. Design The research team performed a narrative review by searching PubMed, PubMed central, Scopus, Google scholar databases, textbooks on naturopathy and websites of professional bodies representing naturopathic medicine. The search used the keywords 'Naturopathic Medicine', 'Naturopathy', 'Holism', 'Self-healing', 'Pyschosocial determinants and health', 'unity of disease and unity of cure', 'health and disease', 'Multi-model approach', 'whole-system practice' and 'Global naturopathic practice'. Setting The review took place at Sant Hirdaram Medical College of Naturopathy and Yogic Sciences for women in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India. Results The present review provides a comprehensive overview of the scientific evidence behind UDUC under four layers: psychological factors, lifestyle factors, physiological alterations, and disease manifestation. The data presented in this review substantiate the presence of these four layers in the manifestation of various clinical conditions like musculoskeletal disorders, obstetric and gynecological disorders, cardiometabolic disorders, infectious disorders, and gastrointestinal disorders. Conclusions It's very evident that the global naturopathic profession embraces traditional philosophies as the core of their practices. However, the field needs measures, such as the formulation of international working groups and the organization of continuous medical-education programs, congresses, and exchange programs, to facilitate crosstalk among practitioners from different parts of the world, which may assert the importance of philosophical tenets such as UDUC in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dhananjay Arankale
- General Secretary, Indian Naturopathy and Yoga Graduates’ Medical Association, Maharashtra Chapter, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Hemanshu Sharma
- Principal and Head, Community Medicine, Sant Hirdaram Medical College of Naturopathy and Yogic Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Gulab Rai Tewani
- Chief Medical Officer, Sant Hirdaram Yoga and Nature Cure Hospital, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
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7
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Ahuja SK, Manoharan MS, Lee GC, McKinnon LR, Meunier JA, Steri M, Harper N, Fiorillo E, Smith AM, Restrepo MI, Branum AP, Bottomley MJ, Orrù V, Jimenez F, Carrillo A, Pandranki L, Winter CA, Winter LA, Gaitan AA, Moreira AG, Walter EA, Silvestri G, King CL, Zheng YT, Zheng HY, Kimani J, Blake Ball T, Plummer FA, Fowke KR, Harden PN, Wood KJ, Ferris MT, Lund JM, Heise MT, Garrett N, Canady KR, Abdool Karim SS, Little SJ, Gianella S, Smith DM, Letendre S, Richman DD, Cucca F, Trinh H, Sanchez-Reilly S, Hecht JM, Cadena Zuluaga JA, Anzueto A, Pugh JA, Agan BK, Root-Bernstein R, Clark RA, Okulicz JF, He W. Immune resilience despite inflammatory stress promotes longevity and favorable health outcomes including resistance to infection. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3286. [PMID: 37311745 PMCID: PMC10264401 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38238-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Some people remain healthier throughout life than others but the underlying reasons are poorly understood. Here we hypothesize this advantage is attributable in part to optimal immune resilience (IR), defined as the capacity to preserve and/or rapidly restore immune functions that promote disease resistance (immunocompetence) and control inflammation in infectious diseases as well as other causes of inflammatory stress. We gauge IR levels with two distinct peripheral blood metrics that quantify the balance between (i) CD8+ and CD4+ T-cell levels and (ii) gene expression signatures tracking longevity-associated immunocompetence and mortality-associated inflammation. Profiles of IR metrics in ~48,500 individuals collectively indicate that some persons resist degradation of IR both during aging and when challenged with varied inflammatory stressors. With this resistance, preservation of optimal IR tracked (i) a lower risk of HIV acquisition, AIDS development, symptomatic influenza infection, and recurrent skin cancer; (ii) survival during COVID-19 and sepsis; and (iii) longevity. IR degradation is potentially reversible by decreasing inflammatory stress. Overall, we show that optimal IR is a trait observed across the age spectrum, more common in females, and aligned with a specific immunocompetence-inflammation balance linked to favorable immunity-dependent health outcomes. IR metrics and mechanisms have utility both as biomarkers for measuring immune health and for improving health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil K Ahuja
- VA Center for Personalized Medicine, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA.
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA.
- South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA.
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA.
| | - Muthu Saravanan Manoharan
- VA Center for Personalized Medicine, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Grace C Lee
- VA Center for Personalized Medicine, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
- South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
- Pharmacotherapy Education and Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
- College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Lyle R McKinnon
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4001, South Africa
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Justin A Meunier
- VA Center for Personalized Medicine, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
- The Foundation for Advancing Veterans' Health Research, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Maristella Steri
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), CNR, Monserrato, 09042, Italy
| | - Nathan Harper
- VA Center for Personalized Medicine, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
- The Foundation for Advancing Veterans' Health Research, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Edoardo Fiorillo
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), CNR, Monserrato, 09042, Italy
| | - Alisha M Smith
- VA Center for Personalized Medicine, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
- The Foundation for Advancing Veterans' Health Research, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Marcos I Restrepo
- VA Center for Personalized Medicine, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
- South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Anne P Branum
- VA Center for Personalized Medicine, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
- The Foundation for Advancing Veterans' Health Research, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Matthew J Bottomley
- Transplantation Research Immunology Group, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 2JD, UK
- Oxford Kidney Unit, Churchill Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Valeria Orrù
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), CNR, Monserrato, 09042, Italy
| | - Fabio Jimenez
- VA Center for Personalized Medicine, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
- The Foundation for Advancing Veterans' Health Research, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Andrew Carrillo
- VA Center for Personalized Medicine, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
- The Foundation for Advancing Veterans' Health Research, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Lavanya Pandranki
- VA Center for Personalized Medicine, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Caitlyn A Winter
- VA Center for Personalized Medicine, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
- The Foundation for Advancing Veterans' Health Research, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Lauryn A Winter
- VA Center for Personalized Medicine, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
- The Foundation for Advancing Veterans' Health Research, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Alvaro A Gaitan
- VA Center for Personalized Medicine, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
- The Foundation for Advancing Veterans' Health Research, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Alvaro G Moreira
- VA Center for Personalized Medicine, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Walter
- VA Center for Personalized Medicine, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
- South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Guido Silvestri
- Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine & Emory National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Christopher L King
- Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Yong-Tang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China
- National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650107, China
| | - Hong-Yi Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China
- National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650107, China
| | - Joshua Kimani
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - T Blake Ball
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Francis A Plummer
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Keith R Fowke
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Paul N Harden
- Oxford Kidney Unit, Churchill Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Kathryn J Wood
- Transplantation Research Immunology Group, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 2JD, UK
| | - Martin T Ferris
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Jennifer M Lund
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Mark T Heise
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Nigel Garrett
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4001, South Africa
| | - Kristen R Canady
- VA Center for Personalized Medicine, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Salim S Abdool Karim
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4001, South Africa
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Susan J Little
- Department of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- San Diego Center for AIDS Research, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Sara Gianella
- Department of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- San Diego Center for AIDS Research, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Davey M Smith
- Department of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- San Diego Center for AIDS Research, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, 92161, USA
| | - Scott Letendre
- Department of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Douglas D Richman
- San Diego Center for AIDS Research, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Francesco Cucca
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), CNR, Monserrato, 09042, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università di Sassari, Sassari, 07100, Italy
| | - Hanh Trinh
- South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Sandra Sanchez-Reilly
- South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Joan M Hecht
- South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
- The Foundation for Advancing Veterans' Health Research, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Jose A Cadena Zuluaga
- South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Antonio Anzueto
- South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Jacqueline A Pugh
- VA Center for Personalized Medicine, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
- South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Brian K Agan
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, 20817, USA
| | | | - Robert A Clark
- VA Center for Personalized Medicine, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
- South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
- The Foundation for Advancing Veterans' Health Research, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Jason F Okulicz
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
- Department of Medicine, Infectious Diseases Service, Brooke Army Medical Center, San Antonio, TX, 78234, USA
| | - Weijing He
- VA Center for Personalized Medicine, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
- The Foundation for Advancing Veterans' Health Research, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
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8
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Liu Q, Cole D, Tran T, Quinn M, McCauley E, Diamond G, Garber J. Intraindividual phenotyping of depression in high-risk youth: An application of a multilevel hidden Markov model. Dev Psychopathol 2023:1-10. [PMID: 37218034 PMCID: PMC10665546 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579423000500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traditionally, depression phenotypes have been defined based on interindividual differences that distinguish between subgroups of individuals expressing distinct depressive symptoms often from cross-sectional data. Alternatively, depression phenotypes can be defined based on intraindividual differences, differentiating between transitory states of distinct symptoms profiles that a person transitions into or out of over time. Such within-person phenotypic states are less examined, despite their potential significance for understanding and treating depression. METHODS The current study used intensive longitudinal data of youths (N = 120) at risk for depression. Clinical interviews (at baseline, 4, 10, 16, and 22 months) yielded 90 weekly assessments. We applied a multilevel hidden Markov model to identify intraindividual phenotypes of weekly depressive symptoms for at-risk youth. RESULTS Three intraindividual phenotypes emerged: a low-depression state, an elevated-depression state, and a cognitive-physical-symptom state. Youth had a high probability of remaining in the same state over time. Furthermore, probabilities of transitioning from one state to another did not differ by age or ethnoracial minority status; girls were more likely than boys to transition from a low-depression state to either the elevated-depression state or the cognitive-physical symptom state. Finally, these intraindividual phenotypes and their dynamics were associated with comorbid externalizing symptoms. CONCLUSION Identifying these states as well as the transitions between them characterizes how symptoms of depression change over time and provide potential directions for intervention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qimin Liu
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, USA
| | - David Cole
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, USA
| | - Tiffany Tran
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, USA
| | - Meghan Quinn
- Department of Psychological Sciences, College of William & Mary, USA
| | | | - Guy Diamond
- Counseling and Family Therapy, Drexel University, USA
| | - Judy Garber
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, USA
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9
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Haight BL, Peddie L, Crosswell AD, Hives BA, Almeida DM, Puterman E. Combined effects of cumulative stress and daily stressors on daily health. Health Psychol 2023; 42:325-334. [PMID: 37141018 PMCID: PMC10171793 DOI: 10.1037/hea0001281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It has been proposed that cumulative stress, one's experience of chronic stressors across multiple domains, worsens health by altering the extent to which daily stressors impact daily affect and physical symptoms. Recent work confirms that high cumulative stress exacerbates the association between daily stressor exposure and increased daily negative affect, though it remains untested the extent to which cumulative stress and daily stressor exposure interact to predict daily symptoms. METHOD We employed data from the second wave of the midlife in the U.S. Survey (N = 2,022; Mage = 56.2; 57.2% female) to examine whether levels of cumulative stress compound daily symptoms on days with (vs. without) stressful events. Experiences of life stressors across eight domains, occurrence of daily stressors, and occurrence, number, and severity of daily physical symptoms were analyzed using multilevel modeling. RESULTS Greater cumulative stress and experiencing (vs. not experiencing) a daily stressor independently increased the odds of occurrence, number, and severity of daily symptoms (ps ≤ .016). Moreover, after adjusting for covariates (e.g., sociodemographic characteristics, chronic health conditions, percent of days with reported stressors, and health behaviors), the associations between daily stressor exposure and odds of occurrence, number, and severity of daily symptoms were potentiated as levels of cumulative stress increased (ps ≤ .009). CONCLUSIONS The negative implications of daily stressor exposure for daily health may be most pronounced in those who report higher levels of cumulative stress across multiple life domains and across time. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Brook L. Haight
- Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Luke Peddie
- Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | | | - David M. Almeida
- Human Development and Family Studies, Penn State University, University Park, PA
| | - Eli Puterman
- Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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10
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Fricchione G. Mind body medicine: a modern bio-psycho-social model forty-five years after Engel. Biopsychosoc Med 2023; 17:12. [PMID: 36997979 PMCID: PMC10060142 DOI: 10.1186/s13030-023-00268-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Fricchione
- Benson-Henry Institute for Mind Body Medicine at Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.
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11
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ÓhAiseadha C, Quinn GA, Connolly R, Wilson A, Connolly M, Soon W, Hynds P. Unintended Consequences of COVID-19 Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions (NPIs) for Population Health and Health Inequalities. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:5223. [PMID: 37047846 PMCID: PMC10094123 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20075223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic in early 2020, governments around the world have adopted an array of measures intended to control the transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, using both pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs). NPIs are public health interventions that do not rely on vaccines or medicines and include policies such as lockdowns, stay-at-home orders, school closures, and travel restrictions. Although the intention was to slow viral transmission, emerging research indicates that these NPIs have also had unintended consequences for other aspects of public health. Hence, we conducted a narrative review of studies investigating these unintended consequences of NPIs, with a particular emphasis on mental health and on lifestyle risk factors for non-communicable diseases (NCD): physical activity (PA), overweight and obesity, alcohol consumption, and tobacco smoking. We reviewed the scientific literature using combinations of search terms such as 'COVID-19', 'pandemic', 'lockdowns', 'mental health', 'physical activity', and 'obesity'. NPIs were found to have considerable adverse consequences for mental health, physical activity, and overweight and obesity. The impacts on alcohol and tobacco consumption varied greatly within and between studies. The variability in consequences for different groups implies increased health inequalities by age, sex/gender, socioeconomic status, pre-existing lifestyle, and place of residence. In conclusion, a proper assessment of the use of NPIs in attempts to control the spread of the pandemic should be weighed against the potential adverse impacts on other aspects of public health. Our findings should also be of relevance for future pandemic preparedness and pandemic response teams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coilín ÓhAiseadha
- Department of Public Health, Health Service Executive, D08 W2A8 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gerry A. Quinn
- Centre for Molecular Biosciences, Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK
| | - Ronan Connolly
- Independent Scientist, D08 Dublin, Ireland
- Center for Environmental Research and Earth Sciences (CERES), Salem, MA 01970, USA
| | - Awwad Wilson
- National Drug Treatment Centre, Health Service Executive, D02 NY26 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michael Connolly
- Independent Scientist, D08 Dublin, Ireland
- Center for Environmental Research and Earth Sciences (CERES), Salem, MA 01970, USA
| | - Willie Soon
- Center for Environmental Research and Earth Sciences (CERES), Salem, MA 01970, USA
- Institute of Earth Physics and Space Science (ELKH EPSS), H-9400 Sopron, Hungary
| | - Paul Hynds
- SpatioTemporal Environmental Epidemiology Research (STEER) Group, Environmental Sustainability & Health Institute, Technological University, D07 H6K8 Dublin, Ireland
- Irish Centre for Research in Applied Geoscience, University College Dublin, D02 FX65 Dublin, Ireland
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12
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Jones EJ, Ayling K, Wiley CR, Geraghty AW, Greer AL, Holt-Lunstad J, Prather AA, Schreier HM, Silver RC, Sneed RS, Marsland AL, Pressman SD, Vedhara K. Psychology Meets Biology in COVID-19: What We Know and Why It Matters for Public Health. POLICY INSIGHTS FROM THE BEHAVIORAL AND BRAIN SCIENCES 2023; 10:33-40. [PMID: 36942265 PMCID: PMC10018248 DOI: 10.1177/23727322221145308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Psychosocial factors are related to immune, viral, and vaccination outcomes. Yet, this knowledge has been poorly represented in public health initiatives during the COVID-19 pandemic. This review provides an overview of biopsychosocial links relevant to COVID-19 outcomes by describing seminal evidence about these associations known prepandemic as well as contemporary research conducted during the pandemic. This focuses on the negative impact of the pandemic on psychosocial health and how this in turn has likely consequences for critically relevant viral and vaccination outcomes. We end by looking forward, highlighting the potential of psychosocial interventions that could be leveraged to support all people in navigating a postpandemic world and how a biopsychosocial approach to health could be incorporated into public health responses to future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J. Jones
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kieran Ayling
- Centre for Academic Primary Care, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Cameron R. Wiley
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Adam W.A. Geraghty
- Primary Care Research Centre, School of Primary Care, Population Sciences and Medical Education, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Amy L. Greer
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Aric A. Prather
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Hannah M.C. Schreier
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Roxane Cohen Silver
- Department of Psychological Science, Department of Medicine, Program in Public Health, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Rodlescia S. Sneed
- Institute of Gerontology and Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Anna L. Marsland
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sarah D. Pressman
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Kavita Vedhara
- Centre for Academic Primary Care, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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13
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Schwenker R, Deutsch T, Unverzagt S, Frese T. Identifying patients with psychosocial problems in general practice: A scoping review. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 9:1010001. [PMID: 36844957 PMCID: PMC9945547 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective We conducted a scoping review with the aim of comprehensively investigating what tools or methods have been examined in general practice research that capture a wide range of psychosocial problems (PSPs) and serve to identify patients and highlight their characteristics. Methods We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for scoping reviews and the Joanna Briggs Institute Reviewer's Manual on scoping reviews. A systematic search was conducted in four electronic databases (Medline [Ovid], Web of Science Core Collection, PsycInfo, Cochrane Library) for quantitative and qualitative studies in English, Spanish, French, and German with no time limit. The protocol was registered with Open Science Framework and published in BMJ Open. Results Of the 839 articles identified, 66 met the criteria for study eligibility, from which 61 instruments were identified. The publications were from 18 different countries, with most studies employing an observational design and including mostly adult patients. Among all instruments, 22 were reported as validated, which we present in this paper. Overall, quality criteria were reported differently, with studies generally providing little detail. Most of the instruments were used as paper and pencil questionnaires. We found considerable heterogeneity in the theoretical conceptualisation, definition, and measurement of PSPs, ranging from psychiatric case findings to specific social problems. Discussion and conclusion This review presents a number of tools and methods that have been studied and used in general practice research. Adapted and tailored to local circumstances, practice populations, and needs, they could be useful for identifying patients with PSPs in daily GP practice; however, this requires further research. Given the heterogeneity of studies and instruments, future research efforts should include both a more structured evaluation of instruments and the incorporation of consensus methods to move forward from instrument research to actual use in daily practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosemarie Schwenker
- Center for Health Sciences, Institute of General Practice, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Tobias Deutsch
- Department of General Practice, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Susanne Unverzagt
- Center for Health Sciences, Institute of General Practice, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Thomas Frese
- Center for Health Sciences, Institute of General Practice, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
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Brown ML, Trotter CE, Huang W, Contreras Castro K, DeMuth WD, Bing EG. COVID-19 and mental health among college students in the southwestern United States. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023:1-8. [PMID: 36701420 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2022.2153601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Objective: We examined COVID-19-related experiences, mental health, and future plans among US undergraduate and graduate students in the initial months of the pandemic. Participants: 72 students (68% female; 51.4% white; age x- =24.4) from 21 colleges in the US southwest concurrently enrolled in a stress-reduction study. Methods: Between March and June 2020, participants completed an online survey about demographics, personal and vicarious COVID-19 experiences, mood, and future plans. Anxiety and depression symptoms were assessed with the GAD-7 and PHQ-9, respectively. Results: Worry about COVID-19 was associated with anxiety and depression symptoms and personal and vicarious experiences with COVID-19. COVID-19 worry varied by illness severity and level of intimacy with those impacted. Most participants reported changing educational (66.7%) and life (55.6%) plans due to COVID-19. Conclusions: Given the continued impact of COVID-19 on physical/emotional health and future plans, universities should assist students in managing COVID-19-related stress so they can continue to learn and grow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan L Brown
- Department of Anthropology, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Center for Global Health Impact and Institute for Leadership Impact, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Claire E Trotter
- Department of Applied Physiology and Wellness, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Wen Huang
- Center for Global Health Impact and Institute for Leadership Impact, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Department of Teaching and Learning, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Kaitlyn Contreras Castro
- Center for Global Health Impact and Institute for Leadership Impact, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - William Dylan DeMuth
- Center for Global Health Impact and Institute for Leadership Impact, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas, USA
- University of Texas Health San Antonio Long School of Medicine, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Eric G Bing
- Department of Anthropology, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Center for Global Health Impact and Institute for Leadership Impact, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Department of Applied Physiology and Wellness, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas, USA
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15
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Affiliation(s)
- Julianne Holt-Lunstad
- From the Departments of Psychology and Neuroscience, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT (J.H.-L.); and the Division of Geriatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (C.P.)
| | - Carla Perissinotto
- From the Departments of Psychology and Neuroscience, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT (J.H.-L.); and the Division of Geriatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (C.P.)
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16
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Ausserhofer D, Mahlknecht A, Engl A, Piccoliori G, Pfitscher G, Silbernagl P, Giacomoni F, Pycha R, Lombardo S, Gärtner T, Mian M, Meier H, Wiedermann CJ, Keim R. Relationship between depression, anxiety, stress, and SARS-CoV-2 infection: a longitudinal study. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1116566. [PMID: 37213392 PMCID: PMC10197902 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1116566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives We aimed to (1) describe the course of the emotional burden (i.e., depression, anxiety, and stress) in a general population sample during the coronavirus pandemic in 2020 and 2021 and (2) explore the association between emotional burden and a serologically proven infection with SARS-CoV-2. Study design This longitudinal study involved a sample of community-dwelling persons aged ≥14 years from the general population of South Tyrol (Province of Bolzano-Bozen, Northern Italy). Data were collected at two stages over a 1-year period in 2020 and 2021. Methods Persons were invited to participate in a survey on socio-demographic, health-related and psychosocial variables (e.g., age, chronic diseases, Depression Anxiety Stress Scale, DASS-21), as well as in the serological testing for of SARS-CoV-2-specific immunoglobulins. Results In 2020, 855 (23.8%) out of 3,600 persons participated; in 2021, 305 (35.7%) out of 855 were tested again. We observed a statistically significant decrease in mean DASS-21 scores for depression, stress, and total scores between 2020 and 2021, yet not for anxiety. Persons with a confirmed SARS-CoV-2-infection between the first and second data collection exhibited increased emotional burden compared to those without SARS-CoV-2-infection. The odds of participants with a self-reported diagnosis of mental disorder for future infection with SARS-CoV-2 was almost four times higher than that of participants without mental disorders (OR:3.75; 95%CI:1.79-7.83). Conclusion Our findings support to the hypothesis of a psycho-neuroendocrine-immune interplay in COVID-19. Further research is necessary to explore the mechanisms underlying the interplay between mental health and SARS-CoV-2 infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dietmar Ausserhofer
- Institute of General Practice and Public Health, College of Health Care-Professions Claudiana, Bolzano-Bozen, Italy
- Claudiana Research, College of Health Care-Professions Claudiana, Bolzano-Bozen, Italy
| | - Angelika Mahlknecht
- Institute of General Practice and Public Health, College of Health Care-Professions Claudiana, Bolzano-Bozen, Italy
| | - Adolf Engl
- Institute of General Practice and Public Health, College of Health Care-Professions Claudiana, Bolzano-Bozen, Italy
| | - Giuliano Piccoliori
- Institute of General Practice and Public Health, College of Health Care-Professions Claudiana, Bolzano-Bozen, Italy
| | - Gernot Pfitscher
- Hospital of Bressanone-Brixen (SABES-ASDAA), Teaching Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical Private University (PMU), Bressanone-Brixen, Italy
| | - Philipp Silbernagl
- Hospital of Bressanone-Brixen (SABES-ASDAA), Teaching Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical Private University (PMU), Bressanone-Brixen, Italy
| | - Francesca Giacomoni
- Hospital of Bressanone-Brixen (SABES-ASDAA), Teaching Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical Private University (PMU), Bressanone-Brixen, Italy
| | - Roger Pycha
- Hospital of Bressanone-Brixen (SABES-ASDAA), Teaching Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical Private University (PMU), Bressanone-Brixen, Italy
| | - Stefano Lombardo
- Statistical Institute of the Province of Bolzano (ASTAT), Bolzano-Bozen, Italy
| | - Timon Gärtner
- Statistical Institute of the Province of Bolzano (ASTAT), Bolzano-Bozen, Italy
| | - Michael Mian
- Innovation, Research and Teaching Service (SABES-ASDAA), Teaching Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical Private University (PMU), Bolzano-Bozen, Italy
| | - Horand Meier
- Clinical Governance Unit, Administration of the Autonomous Province of Bolzano-Bozen, Bolzano-Bozen, Italy
| | - Christian J. Wiedermann
- Institute of General Practice and Public Health, College of Health Care-Professions Claudiana, Bolzano-Bozen, Italy
- Department of Public Health, Medical Decision Making and Health Technology Assessment, University of Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology, Hall in Tirol, Austria
| | - Roland Keim
- Hospital of Bressanone-Brixen (SABES-ASDAA), Teaching Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical Private University (PMU), Bressanone-Brixen, Italy
- *Correspondence: Roland Keim,
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Kannan VD, Veazie PJ. US trends in social isolation, social engagement, and companionship ⎯ nationally and by age, sex, race/ethnicity, family income, and work hours, 2003-2020. SSM Popul Health 2022; 21:101331. [PMID: 36618547 PMCID: PMC9811250 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2022.101331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Social connectedness is essential for health and longevity, while isolation exacts a heavy toll on individuals and society. We present U.S. social connectedness magnitudes and trends as target phenomena to inform calls for policy-based approaches to promote social health. Using the 2003-2020 American Time Use Survey, this study finds that, nationally, social isolation increased, social engagement with family, friends, and 'others' (roommates, neighbors, acquaintances, coworkers, clients, etc.) decreased, and companionship (shared leisure and recreation) decreased. Joinpoint analysis showed that the pandemic exacerbated upward trends in social isolation and downward trends in non-household family, friends, and 'others' social engagement. However, household family social engagement and companionship showed signs of progressive decline years prior to the pandemic, at a pace not eclipsed by the pandemic. Work hours emerged as a structural constraint to social engagement. Sub-groups allocated social engagement differently across different relationship roles. Social engagement with friends, others, and in companionship plummeted for young Americans. Black Americans experienced more social isolation and less social engagement, overall, relative to other races. Hispanics experienced much less social isolation than non-Hispanics. Older adults spent more time in social isolation, but also relatively more time in companionship. Women spent more time with family while men spent more time with friends and in companionship. And, men's social connectedness decline was steeper than for women. Finally, low-income Americans are more socially engaged with 'others' than those with higher income. We discuss potential avenues of future research and policy initiatives that emerge from our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viji Diane Kannan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester, 300 Crittenden Boulevard, Rochester, NY 14642, USA,Corresponding author.
| | - Peter J. Veazie
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester, 265 Crittenden Blvd., Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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18
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Risk Factors and Changes in Depression and Anxiety over Time in New Zealand during COVID-19: A Longitudinal Cohort Study. PSYCH 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/psych4040052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
This longitudinal study investigated changes in and risk factors for anxiety and depression during the COVID-19 pandemic in a New Zealand cohort. Online surveys were distributed to 681 participants at three time-points: May 2020 (Time 1), August–September 2020 (Time 2), and March–April 2021 (Time 3). Participants completed measures of anxiety and depression, alongside measures of possible risk/protective factors. A total of 261 participants completed all three surveys and were included in analyses. Depression and anxiety reduced over time; however, levels were still significantly higher than pre-pandemic norms. Being younger, having a prior mental health disorder, experiencing negative life events due to COVID-19, and being a pet owner were risk factors for poorer depression and anxiety, whereas having higher positive mood was protective. This study demonstrates persisting negative effects of the pandemic on anxiety and depression in a context of low transmission and highlights the importance of providing psychological help to those most at risk.
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19
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Zhang H, Jasim SA, Suksatan W, Hashim Alghazali TA, Doewes RI, Jalil AT, Patra I, Singer N, Failoc-Rojas VE, Marhoon HA, Mustafa YF, Ramírez-Coronel AA, Abdollahi A. Moderating role of compassion in the link between fear of Coronavirus disease and mental health among undergraduate students. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:990678. [PMID: 36147995 PMCID: PMC9486091 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.990678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The societal challenges presented by fear related to the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic may present unique challenges for an individual's mental health. However, the moderating role of compassion in the relationship between fear of COVID-19 and mental health has not been well-studied. The present study aimed to explore the association between fear of COVID-19 and mental health, as well as test the buffering role of compassion in this relationship. Methods The participants in this study were 325 Iranian undergraduate students (228 females), aged 18-25 years, who completed questionnaires posted on social networks via a web-based platform. Results The results showed that fear of COVID-19 was positively related with physical symptoms, social function, depressive symptoms, and anxiety symptoms. The results also showed that compassion was negatively associated with physical symptoms, social function, depressive symptoms, and anxiety symptoms. The interaction-moderation analysis revealed that compassion moderated the relationship between fear of COVID-19 and subscale of mental health. Conclusion Results highlight the important role of compassion in diminishing the effect of fear of COVID-19 on the mental health (physical symptoms, social function, depressive symptoms, and anxiety symptoms) of undergraduate students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huichun Zhang
- Student Work Department of the Party Committee and Student Work Department, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Saade Abdalkareem Jasim
- Medical Laboratory Techniques Department, Al-Maarif University College, Al-Anbar-Ramadi, Iraq
| | - Wanich Suksatan
- Faculty of Nursing, HRH Princess Chulabhorn College of Medical Science, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Rumi Iqbal Doewes
- Faculty of Sport, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Kentingan, Surakarta, Indonesia
| | - Abduladheem Turki Jalil
- Medical Laboratories Techniques Department, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Hilla, Iraq
| | - Indrajit Patra
- Independent Researcher, NIT Durgapur, West Bengal, India
| | - Nermeen Singer
- Media and Children's Culture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Virgilio E. Failoc-Rojas
- Centro de Investigación en Medicina Traslacional, Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, Lima, Peru
| | - Haydar Abdulameer Marhoon
- Information and Communication Technology Research Group, Scientific Research Center, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar, Iraq
| | - Yasser Fakri Mustafa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq
| | - Andrés Alexis Ramírez-Coronel
- Laboratory of Psychometrics and Ethology and Health and Behavior Research Group, Universidad Católica de Cuenca, Ecuador
- Universidad CES, Medellín, Colombia
- Universidad Nacional del EcuadorCuenca, Ecuador
- Universidad dePalermo, Argentina
| | - Abbas Abdollahi
- Department of Counseling, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
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20
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Horwitz RI, Hayes-Conroy A, Singer BH, Cullen MR, Badal K, Sim I. Falling down the biological rabbit hole: Epstein-Barr virus, biography, and multiple sclerosis. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:e164141. [PMID: 36047497 PMCID: PMC9435645 DOI: 10.1172/jci164141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Allison Hayes-Conroy
- Department of Geography and Urban Studies, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Burton H. Singer
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | | | | | - Ida Sim
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Computational Precision Health, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
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21
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Mathisen J, Nguyen TL, Jensen JH, Mehta AJ, Rugulies R, Rod NH. Impact of hypothetical improvements in the psychosocial work environment on sickness absence rates: a simulation study. Eur J Public Health 2022; 32:716-722. [PMID: 36029523 PMCID: PMC9527953 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckac109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The association between psychosocial working environments and sickness absence is well-known. However, the potential for reducing sickness absences of different lengths through improvements in psychosocial work factors is not fully understood. We aim to quantify the potential for reducing short-, intermediate- and long-term sickness absence rates, respectively, through hypothetical improvements in several psychosocial work factors. Methods This longitudinal study includes 24 990 public hospital employees from the 2014 wave of the Well-being in Hospital Employees study. The 1-year sickness absence rate was divided into short- (1–3 days), intermediate- (4–28 days) and long-term (29 days or more) periods. We simulated hypothetical scenarios with improvements in 17 psychosocial work factors using the parametric g-formula and estimated resulting changes in sickness absence rate ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). Results Setting all 17 psychosocial work factors to their most desirable levels (vs. least desirable levels) was associated with an overall 54% lower rate of sickness absence (95% CI: 48–60%). Reducing bullying (no vs. yes RR: 0.86, 95% CI: 0.83–0.90) and perceived stress (low vs. high RR: 0.90, 95% CI: 0.87–0.92), and increasing skill discretion (high vs. low RR: 0.91, 95% CI: 0.89–0.94) held the largest potential for reducing the total sickness absence rate. Overall, associations were similar for short-, intermediate- and long-term sickness absence. Conclusions The psychosocial working environment was strongly associated with sickness absence. Improving the working environment may have a great impact on short-, intermediate- and long-term sickness absence rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimmi Mathisen
- Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Copenhagen Stress Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tri-Long Nguyen
- Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Johan H Jensen
- Copenhagen Stress Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Amar J Mehta
- Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Copenhagen Stress Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Reiner Rugulies
- Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Copenhagen Stress Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark.,National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Naja H Rod
- Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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22
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Wiley CR, Blevins KM, Cohen S, Pressman SD. Do Positive Psychological Factors Equally Predict Resistance to Upper Respiratory Infections in African and European Americans? Psychol Sci 2022; 33:1509-1521. [PMID: 35981330 DOI: 10.1177/09567976221083322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Research has consistently shown that positive psychological constructs are linked to better physical health, but few studies have examined the role that race plays in this connection. We explored whether positive self-evaluations were equally protective against upper respiratory infection for 271 African American adults and 700 European American adults in a series of virus-exposure studies. Participants were assessed at baseline for psychological functioning and physical health, quarantined and exposed experimentally to a respiratory virus, and then monitored for infection and symptoms. Regression analyses revealed significant interactions between race and multiple positive psychological factors; several factors that were helpful to European Americans were unhelpful or even harmful to African Americans. Building on past work showing cross-cultural variation in the health correlates of affect, this study provides evidence that the health benefits of positive psychological constructs may not be universal and points to the need to explore factors that underpin these observed differential patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron R Wiley
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine
| | - Kennedy M Blevins
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine
| | - Sheldon Cohen
- Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University
| | - Sarah D Pressman
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine
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23
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Horwitz RI, Conroy AH, Cullen MR, Colella K, Mawn M, Singer BH, Sim I. Long COVID and Medicine's Two Cultures. Am J Med 2022; 135:945-949. [PMID: 35417745 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2022.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Medicine has separated the two cultures of biological science and social science in research, even though they are intimately connected in the lives of our patients. To understand the cause, progression, and treatment of long COVID , biology and biography, the patient's lived experience, must be studied together.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph I Horwitz
- Department of Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Penn.
| | | | - Mark R Cullen
- Stanford Center for Population Health Sciences (retired), Stanford University, Stanford, Calif
| | - Katharine Colella
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Penn
| | - McKayla Mawn
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Penn
| | | | - Ida Sim
- Division of General Internal Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco
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24
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Dai JD, Levine CS. I Am Not A Virus: Status-Based Rejection Sensitivity and Sleep Among East Asian People in the United States During COVID-19. SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PERSONALITY SCIENCE 2022; 14:395-406. [PMID: 36969090 PMCID: PMC10031274 DOI: 10.1177/19485506221106847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
As COVID-19 spread in the United States, anti-East Asian bias increased. This article aimed to (1) show that thinking about COVID-19 heightened East Asian individuals’ anxious expectations of discrimination and (2) explore these expectations’ health correlates. Specifically, the paper focused on COVID-19-triggered race-based rejection sensitivity, defined as (1) East Asian individuals’ expectations of rejection due to the stereotype that they spread the virus and (2) high levels of anxiety about this possibility. Study 1 ( N = 412) showed that reminders of COVID-19 increased COVID-19-triggered race-based rejection sensitivity among Chinese citizens living in the United States and East Asian Americans, but not Americans of other races. Study 2 ( N = 473) demonstrated that East Asian people who habitually focused on COVID-19 experienced greater COVID-19-triggered race-based rejection sensitivity and, in turn, greater sleep difficulties. Thus, societal-level shifts that target minoritized groups may increase minoritized group members’ concerns about discrimination in ways that undermine their health.
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25
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Psychoneuroimmunology in the time of COVID-19: Why neuro-immune interactions matter for mental and physical health. Behav Res Ther 2022; 154:104104. [PMID: 35609375 PMCID: PMC9075982 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2022.104104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The brain and immune system are intricately connected, and perturbations in one system have direct effects on the other. This review focuses on these dynamic psychoneuroimmune interactions and their implications for mental and physical health in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. In particular, we describe how psychological states influence antiviral immunity and the vaccine response, and how immune changes triggered by COVID (either via infection with SARS-CoV-2 or associated stressors) can influence the brain with effects on cognition, emotion, and behavior. We consider negative psychological states, which have been the primary focus of psychological research in the context of COVID-19 (and psychoneuroimmunology more generally). We also consider positive psychological states, including positive affect and eudaimonic well-being, given increasing evidence for their importance as modulators of immunity. We finish with a discussion of interventions that may be effective in improving immune function, the neuro-immune axis, and ultimately, mental and physical health.
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26
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Vedhara K, Ayling K, Jia R, Fairclough L, Morling JR, Ball JK, Knight H, Blake H, Corner J, Denning C, Bolton K, Jackson H, Coupland C, Tighe P. Relationship Between Anxiety, Depression, and Susceptibility to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection: Proof of Concept. J Infect Dis 2022; 225:2137-2141. [PMID: 35022740 PMCID: PMC8807218 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiac006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychological factors can influence susceptibility to viral infections. We examined whether such influences are evident in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. METHODS Participants (n = 102) completed measures of anxiety, depression, positive mood, and loneliness and provided a blood sample for the measurement of antibodies to the SARS-CoV-2 spike and nucleocapsid proteins. RESULTS SARS-CoV-2 was significantly negatively associated with anxiety and depression. The model remained significant after adjustment for age and gender, although anxiety and depression were no longer significant independent predictors. CONCLUSIONS These findings offer early support for the hypothesis that psychological factors may influence susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavita Vedhara
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Kieran Ayling
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ru Jia
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Lucy Fairclough
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Joanne R Morling
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan K Ball
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Holly Knight
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Holly Blake
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- School of Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jessica Corner
- University Executive Board, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Chris Denning
- Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Kirsty Bolton
- School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah Jackson
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Carol Coupland
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick Tighe
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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27
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Slavich GM. Social Safety Theory: Understanding social stress, disease risk, resilience, and behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond. Curr Opin Psychol 2022; 45:101299. [PMID: 35219156 PMCID: PMC8769662 DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2022.101299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Many of life's most impactful experiences involve either social safety (e.g., acceptance, affiliation, belonging, inclusion) or social threat (e.g., conflict, isolation, rejection, exclusion). According to Social Safety Theory, these experiences greatly impact human health and behavior because a fundamental goal of the brain and immune system is to keep the body biologically safe. To achieve this crucial goal, social threats likely gained the ability to activate anticipatory neural-immune responses that would have historically benefited reproduction and survival; the presence of social safety, in turn, likely dampened these responses. Viewing positive and negative social experiences through this lens affords a biologically based evolutionary account for why certain stressors are particularly impactful. It also provides an integrated, multi-level framework for investigating the biopsychosocial roots of psychopathology, health disparities, aging, longevity, and interpersonal cognition and behavior. Ultimately, this work has the potential to inform new strategies for reducing disease risk and promoting resilience.
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28
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Ayling K, Jia R, Coupland C, Chalder T, Massey A, Broadbent E, Vedhara K. Psychological Predictors of Self-reported COVID-19 Outcomes: Results From a Prospective Cohort Study. Ann Behav Med 2022; 56:484-497. [PMID: 34979556 PMCID: PMC8755370 DOI: 10.1093/abm/kaab106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research has shown that psychological factors, such as stress and social support, are associated with greater susceptibility to viral respiratory illnesses and more severe symptoms. During the COVID-19 pandemic there has been a well-documented deterioration in psychological well-being and increased social isolation. This raises questions as to whether those experiencing psychological adversity during the pandemic are more at risk of contracting and/or experiencing COVID-19 symptoms. PURPOSE To examine the relationship between psychological factors and the risk of COVID-19 self-reported infection and the symptomatic experience of SARS-CoV-2 (indicated by the number and severity of symptoms). METHODS As part of a longitudinal prospective observational cohort study, 1,087 adults completed validated measures of psychological well-being during April 2020 and self-reported incidence of COVID-19 infection and symptom experience across the pandemic through to December 2020. Regression models were used to explore these relationships controlling for demographic and occupational factors. RESULTS Greater psychological distress during the early phase of the pandemic was significantly associated with subsequent self-reported SARS-CoV-2 infection as well as the experience of a greater number and more severe symptoms. CONCLUSIONS COVID-19 infection and symptoms may be more common among those experiencing elevated psychological distress. Further research to elucidate the mechanisms underlying these associations is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kieran Ayling
- Centre for Academic Primary Care, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, UK
| | - Ru Jia
- Centre for Academic Primary Care, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, UK
| | - Carol Coupland
- Centre for Academic Primary Care, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, UK
| | - Trudie Chalder
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Adam Massey
- Centre for Academic Primary Care, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, UK
| | - Elizabeth Broadbent
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Kavita Vedhara
- Centre for Academic Primary Care, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, UK
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29
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Vollbracht C, Kraft K. Oxidative Stress and Hyper-Inflammation as Major Drivers of Severe COVID-19 and Long COVID: Implications for the Benefit of High-Dose Intravenous Vitamin C. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:899198. [PMID: 35571085 PMCID: PMC9100929 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.899198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a pivotal point in the pathophysiology of COVID-19 and presumably also in Long-COVID. Inflammation and oxidative stress are mutually reinforcing each other, thus contributing to the systemic hyperinflammatory state and coagulopathy which are cardinal pathological mechanisms of severe stages. COVID-19 patients, like other critically ill patients e.g. with pneumonia, very often show severe deficiency of the antioxidant vitamin C. So far, it has not been investigated how long this deficiency lasts or whether patients with long COVID symptoms also suffer from deficiencies. A vitamin C deficit has serious pathological consequences because vitamin C is one of the most effective antioxidants, but also co-factor of many enzymatic processes that affect the immune and nervous system, blood circulation and energy metabolism. Because of its anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, endothelial-restoring, and immunomodulatory effects the supportive intravenous (iv) use of supraphysiological doses has been investigated so far in 12 controlled or observational studies with altogether 1578 inpatients with COVID-19. In these studies an improved oxygenation, a decrease in inflammatory markers and a faster recovery were observed. In addition, early treatment with iv high dose vitamin C seems to reduce the risks of severe courses of the disease such as pneumonia and also mortality. Persistent inflammation, thrombosis and a dysregulated immune response (auto-immune phenomena and/or persistent viral load) seem to be major contributors to Long-COVID. Oxidative stress and inflammation are involved in the development and progression of fatigue and neuro-psychiatric symptoms in various diseases by disrupting tissue (e.g. autoantibodies), blood flow (e.g. immune thrombosis) and neurotransmitter metabolism (e.g. excitotoxicity). In oncological diseases, other viral infections and autoimmune diseases, which are often associated with fatigue, cognitive disorders, pain and depression similar to Long-COVID, iv high dose vitamin C was shown to significantly relieve these symptoms. Supportive iv vitamin C in acute COVID-19 might therefore reduce the risk of severe courses and also the development of Long-COVID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Vollbracht
- Medical Science Department, Pascoe Pharmazeutische Präparate GmbH, Giessen, Germany
| | - Karin Kraft
- Chair of Naturopathy, University Medicine Rostock, Rostock, Germany
- *Correspondence: Karin Kraft,
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30
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Islam MA, Haque MA, Rahman MA, Hossen F, Reza M, Barua A, Marzan AA, Das T, Kumar Baral S, He C, Ahmed F, Bhattacharya P, Jakariya M. A Review on Measures to Rejuvenate Immune System: Natural Mode of Protection Against Coronavirus Infection. Front Immunol 2022; 13:837290. [PMID: 35371007 PMCID: PMC8965011 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.837290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2, a novel Corona virus strain, was first detected in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. As of December 16, 2021, almost 4,822,472 people had died and over 236,132,082 were infected with this lethal viral infection. It is believed that the human immune system is thought to play a critical role in the initial phase of infection when the viruses invade the host cells. Although some effective vaccines have already been on the market, researchers and many bio-pharmaceuticals are still working hard to develop a fully functional vaccine or more effective therapeutic agent against the COVID-19. Other efforts, in addition to functional vaccines, can help strengthen the immune system to defeat the corona virus infection. Herein, we have reviewed some of those proven measures, following which a more efficient immune system can be better prepared to fight viral infection. Among these, dietary supplements like- fresh vegetables and fruits offer a plentiful of vitamins and antioxidants, enabling to build of a healthy immune system. While the pharmacologically active components of medicinal plants directly aid in fighting against viral infection, supplementary supplements combined with a healthy diet will assist to regulate the immune system and will prevent viral infection. In addition, some personal habits, like- regular physical exercise, intermittent fasting, and adequate sleep, had also been proven to aid the immune system in becoming an efficient one. Maintaining each of these will strengthen the immune system, allowing innate immunity to become a more defensive and active antagonistic mechanism against corona-virus infection. However, because dietary treatments take longer to produce beneficial effects in adaptive maturation, personalized nutrition cannot be expected to have an immediate impact on the global outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Aminul Islam
- Department of Microbiology, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh.,Department of Microbiology President Abdul Hamid Medical College, Karimganj, Bangladesh
| | - Md Atiqul Haque
- Key Lab of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonoses of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, Bangladesh
| | - Md Arifur Rahman
- Department of Microbiology, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Foysal Hossen
- Department of Microbiology, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Mahin Reza
- Department of Microbiology, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Abanti Barua
- Department of Microbiology, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Abdullah Al Marzan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Tuhin Das
- Department of Microbiology, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | | | - Cheng He
- Key Lab of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonoses of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Firoz Ahmed
- Department of Microbiology, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Prosun Bhattacharya
- COVID-19 Research@KTH, Department of Sustainable Development, Environmental Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Md Jakariya
- Department of Environmental Science and Management, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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31
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Huang BH, Inan-Eroglu E, Shaban RZ, Hamer M, Britton A, Stamatakis E. Alcohol intake and mortality risk of COVID-19, pneumonia, and other infectious diseases: An analysis of 437191 UK biobank participants. Prev Med Rep 2022; 26:101751. [PMID: 35251915 PMCID: PMC8883723 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2022.101751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the association between alcohol consumption and COVID-19, infectious diseases, and pneumonia mortality. This is a prospective analysis of 437,191 UK Biobank participants (age 56.3 years, 54% female). The main exposure was self-reported alcohol consumption. In addition to never and previous drinkers, we applied quartiles-based and UK guidelines-based criteria to divide current drinkers by weekly consumption into four groups. Outcomes included COVID-19, infectious diseases, and pneumonia mortality, obtained from the national death registries until May 2020. After an 11-year follow-up, compared to never drinkers, previous drinkers had higher mortality risks of infectious diseases and pneumonia (adjusted HR: 1.29 [95% CI 1.06-1.57] and 1.35 [1.07-1.70], respectively), but not COVID-19. There was a curvilinear association of alcohol consumption with infectious diseases and pneumonia mortality. Drinking within-guidelines (<14 UK units/wk) and amounts up to double the recommendation (14 to < 28 UK units/wk) was associated with the lowest mortality risks of infectious diseases (0.70 [0.59-0.83] and 0.70 [0.59-0.83], respectively) and pneumonia (0.71 [0.58-0.87] and 0.72 [0.58-0.88], respectively). Alcohol consumption was associated with lower risks of COVID-19 mortality (e.g., drinking within-guidelines: 0.53 [0.33-0.86]). Drinkers reporting multiples of the recommended alcohol drinking amounts did not have higher mortality risks of COVID-19 and other infectious diseases than never drinkers. Despite the well-established unfavorable effects on general health, we found no deleterious associations between alcohol consumption and the risk of infectious diseases, including COVID-19. Future research with other study designs is needed to confirm the causality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Huei Huang
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Health Sciences, the University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Elif Inan-Eroglu
- the Boden Collaboration for Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise & Eating Disorders, Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, the University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ramon Z. Shaban
- Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, University of Sydney and Western Sydney Local Health District, New South Wales Ministry of Health, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mark Hamer
- Institute Sport Exercise & Health, Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Annie Britton
- Institute of Epidemiology & Health Care, University College London, London, UK
| | - Emmanuel Stamatakis
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Health Sciences, the University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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32
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Zhang J, Zhao Y, Sun N, Song M, Chen Y, Li L, Cui H, Yang H, Wang C, Zhang H, Fan H. Lycopene Alleviates Chronic Stress-Induced Spleen Apoptosis and Immunosuppression via Inhibiting the Notch Signaling Pathway in Rats. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:2889-2897. [PMID: 35212537 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c07550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Chronic stress induction in immunosuppression and splenocyte apoptosis is commonly associated with increased susceptibility to various diseases. Lycopene (LYC) is a member of the carotenoid family with immune restoration and anti-apoptotic function. However, little is known about the mechanisms underlying the protective roles of LYC against spleen injury induced by chronic stress. Herein, male Wistar rats were undergoing chronic restraint stress and/or administered LYC (10 mg/kg) for 21 days. The effective model establishment was validated by open-field tests and levels of corticosterone in serum. Histopathological staining observation displayed that LYC could reduce chronic stress-induced spleen structure damage. Furthermore, LYC treatment significantly reduced the number of apoptotic-positive splenocytes caused by chronic stress via the death receptor apoptotic pathway. We detected the interleukin 4 and interferon γ levels in serum and spleen to determine the ratio of Th1 and Th2 and found that LYC can alleviate the immunosuppression induced by chronic stress. Notably, western blot and real-time polymerase chain reaction indicated that LYC can reduce the expression of the Notch-pathway-related proteins and mRNA in rats exposed to chronic stress. Further study of the potential mechanisms by adding the Notch pathway inhibitor DAPT revealed that LYC alleviates the structure damage, apoptosis, and immunosuppression caused by chronic stress via the suppression of the Notch pathway. Overall, this study presents a strong rationale to target LYC as a treatment strategy to relieve chronic stress-induced spleen injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiuyan Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Manyu Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongping Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Hailin Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Haotian Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuqiao Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyang Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, People's Republic of China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Honggang Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, People's Republic of China
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Feinberg ME, A. Mogle J, Lee J, Tornello SL, Hostetler ML, Cifelli JA, Bai S, Hotez E. Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Parent, Child, and Family Functioning. FAMILY PROCESS 2022; 61:361-374. [PMID: 33830510 PMCID: PMC8250962 DOI: 10.1111/famp.12649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
To quantify the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and public health interventions on parent and child mental health and family relationships, we examined change in individual and family functioning in a sample of parents enrolled in a prevention trial; we examined change before the pandemic (2017-2019) when children were an average of 7 years old to the first months after the imposition of widespread public health interventions in the United States (2020) with paired t tests and HLM models. We examined moderation by parent gender, education, family income, and coparenting conflict. We found large deteriorations from before the pandemic to the first months of the pandemic in child internalizing and externalizing problems and parent depression, and a moderate decline in coparenting quality. Smaller changes were found for parent anxiety and parenting quality. Mothers and families with lower levels of income were at particular risk for deterioration in well-being. Results indicate a need for widespread family support and intervention to prevent potential family "scarring," that is, prolonged, intertwined individual mental health and family relationship problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark E. Feinberg
- Prevention Research CenterCollege of Health and Human DevelopmentHuman Development and Family StudiesThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPAUSA
| | - Jacqueline A. Mogle
- Prevention Research CenterCollege of Health and Human DevelopmentHuman Development and Family StudiesThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPAUSA
| | - Jin‐Kyung Lee
- Department of PsychologyCollege of Liberal ArtsThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPAUSA
| | - Samantha L. Tornello
- Human Development and Family StudiesCollege of Health and Human DevelopmentThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPAUSA
| | - Michelle L. Hostetler
- Prevention Research CenterCollege of Health and Human DevelopmentHuman Development and Family StudiesThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPAUSA
| | - Joseph A. Cifelli
- Prevention Research CenterCollege of Health and Human DevelopmentHuman Development and Family StudiesThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPAUSA
| | - Sunhye Bai
- Human Development and Family StudiesCollege of Health and Human DevelopmentThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPAUSA
| | - Emily Hotez
- Department of MedicineUniversity of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)Los AngelesCAUSA
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Feinberg ME, Gedaly L, Mogle J, Hostetler ML, Cifelli JA, Tornello SL, Lee JK, Jones DE. Building long-term family resilience through universal prevention: 10-year parent and child outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic. FAMILY PROCESS 2022; 61:76-90. [PMID: 34927239 DOI: 10.1111/famp.12730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
As the COVID-19 pandemic has been highly stressful for parents and children, it is clear that strategies that promote long-term family resilience are needed to protect families in future crises. One such strategy, the Family Foundations program, is focused on promoting supportive coparenting at the transition to parenthood. In a randomized trial, we tested the long-term intervention effects of Family Foundations on parent, child, and family well-being one to two months after the imposition of a national shelter-in-place public health intervention in 2020. We used regression models to test intervention impact on outcomes reported on by parents in a standard questionnaire format and a series of 8 days of daily reports. We also tested moderation of intervention impact by parent depression and coparenting relationship quality. Relative to control families, intervention families demonstrated significantly lower levels of individual and family problems (general parent hostility, harsh and aggressive parenting, coparenting conflict, sibling relationship conflict, and children's negative mood and behavior problems), and higher levels of positive family relationship quality (positive parenting, couple relationship quality, sibling relations, and family cohesion). For some outcomes, including coparenting conflict, harsh parenting, and child behavior problems, intervention effects were larger for more vulnerable families-that is, families with higher pre-pandemic levels of parent depression or lower levels of coparenting relationship quality. We conclude that targeted family prevention programming is able to promote healthy parent and child functioning during unforeseen future periods of acute stress. The long-term benefits of a universal approach to family support at the transition to parenthood indicate the need for greater investment in the dissemination of effective approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark E Feinberg
- Prevention Research Center, Human Development and Family Studies, College of Health and Human Development, The Pennsylvania State University
| | - Lindsey Gedaly
- Prevention Research Center, Human Development and Family Studies, College of Health and Human Development, The Pennsylvania State University
| | - Jacqueline Mogle
- Prevention Research Center, Human Development and Family Studies, College of Health and Human Development, The Pennsylvania State University
| | - Michelle L Hostetler
- Prevention Research Center, Human Development and Family Studies, College of Health and Human Development, The Pennsylvania State University
| | - Joseph A Cifelli
- Prevention Research Center, Human Development and Family Studies, College of Health and Human Development, The Pennsylvania State University
| | - Samantha L Tornello
- Human Development and Family Studies, College of Health and Human Development, The Pennsylvania State University
| | - Jin-Kyung Lee
- Institute for Poverty Alleviation and International Development, Yonsei University
| | - Damon E Jones
- Prevention Research Center, Human Development and Family Studies, College of Health and Human Development, The Pennsylvania State University
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Liu Y, Frazier PA, Porta CM, Lust K. Mental health of US undergraduate and graduate students before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: Differences across sociodemographic groups. Psychiatry Res 2022; 309:114428. [PMID: 35131558 PMCID: PMC8805912 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The purposes of this study were to assess differences between sociodemographic groups in student mental health before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, to investigate whether the pandemic disproportionately affected certain groups, and to examine between-group differences in pandemic-related stressors. Data from Minnesota undergraduate and graduate students who completed an online survey in 2020 (N = 2,067) were compared to data collected from students in 2018 (N = 3,627). The survey assessed days of poor mental health, stress, stress management ability, days of adequate sleep, and pandemic-related stressors (2020 only). Multivariate analyses of variance assessed differences between study years (2020 vs. 2018), sociodemographic groups (gender, sexual orientation, race, disability, international student), and their interactions with study year in predicting mental health, and the sociodemographic groups in predicting pandemic stressors, among undergraduate and graduate students. Stress management ability decreased and sleep improved from 2018 to 2020. The sociodemographic variables most associated with poorer mental health were identifying as female, a sexual minority, or having a disability. Undergraduates reported poorer mental health than graduate students. Differences between sociodemographic groups were not larger during the pandemic, except among students with disabilities. All five sociodemographic variables were related to greater pandemic stressors in some domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Liu
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, US.
| | - Patricia A. Frazier
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, US
| | - Carolyn M. Porta
- School of Nursing, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, US
| | - Katherine Lust
- School of Public Health, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, US
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Dai XJ, Tan L, Ren L, Shao Y, Tao W, Wang Y. COVID-19 Risk Appears to Vary Across Different Alcoholic Beverages. Front Nutr 2022; 8:772700. [PMID: 35047542 PMCID: PMC8761797 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.772700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To evaluate the associations of status, amount, and frequency of alcohol consumption across different alcoholic beverages with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) risk and associated mortality. Methods: This study included 473,957 subjects, 16,559 of whom tested positive for COVID-19. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the associations of alcohol consumption with COVID-19 risk and associated mortality. The non-linearity association between the amount of alcohol consumption and COVID-19 risk was evaluated by a generalized additive model. Results: Subjects who consumed alcohol double above the guidelines had a higher risk of COVID-19 (1.12 [1.00, 1.25]). Consumption of red wine above or double above the guidelines played protective effects against the COVID-19. Consumption of beer and cider increased the COVID-19 risk, regardless of the frequency and amount of alcohol intake. Low-frequency of consumption of fortified wine (1-2 glasses/week) within guidelines had a protective effect against the COVID-19. High frequency of consumption of spirits (≥5 glasses/week) within guidelines increased the COVID-19 risk, whereas the high frequency of consumption of white wine and champagne above the guidelines decreased the COVID-19 risk. The generalized additive model showed an increased risk of COVID-19 with a greater number of alcohol consumption. Alcohol drinker status, frequency, amount, and subtypes of alcoholic beverages were not associated with COVID-19 associated mortality. Conclusions: The COVID-19 risk appears to vary across different alcoholic beverage subtypes, frequency, and amount. Red wine, white wine, and champagne have chances to reduce the risk of COVID-19. Consumption of beer and cider and spirits and heavy drinking are not recommended during the epidemics. Public health guidance should focus on reducing the risk of COVID-19 by advocating healthy lifestyle habits and preferential policies among consumers of beer and cider and spirits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Jian Dai
- Shenzhen Mental Health Centre, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liang Tan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Lina Ren
- Shenzhen Mental Health Centre, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuan Shao
- Shenzhen Mental Health Centre, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Weiqun Tao
- Shenzhen Mental Health Centre, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yongjun Wang
- Shenzhen Mental Health Centre, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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Brown CJ, Rook KS. Does Diversity of Social Ties Really Matter More for Health and Leisure Activity than Number of Social Ties? Evidence from Later Adulthood. J Aging Health 2022; 34:831-843. [PMID: 35042381 DOI: 10.1177/08982643211066652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Claims that the diversity of social ties matters more for health than the sheer number of ties have largely gone untested. This study accordingly compared the unique associations of number versus diversity of social ties with key health-related outcomes: functional limitations and leisure activities. Additionally, positive and ambivalent ties were distinguished. METHODS Social networks, health, and leisure activities were assessed in a national sample of older adults (N = 874; ages 65-91). RESULTS Regression analyses revealed that number of ties related to each outcome at a magnitude comparable to, or exceeding, that of diversity in most models. For positive ties, number related more strongly than diversity to greater leisure activities. For ambivalent ties, number related more strongly than diversity to worse functional limitations. DISCUSSION Contrary to prevailing views, diversity of ties is not necessarily more important than number of ties. Findings extend scientific understanding and approaches to interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colette J Brown
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Karen S Rook
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
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Holt-Lunstad J. Social Connection as a Public Health Issue: The Evidence and a Systemic Framework for Prioritizing the "Social" in Social Determinants of Health. Annu Rev Public Health 2022; 43:193-213. [PMID: 35021021 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-publhealth-052020-110732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
There is growing interest in and renewed support for prioritizing social factors in public health both in the USA and globally. While there are multiple widely recognized social determinants of health, indicators of social connectedness (e.g., social capital, social support, social isolation, loneliness) are often noticeably absent from the discourse. This article provides an organizing framework for conceptualizing social connection and summarizes the cumulative evidence supporting its relevance for health, including epidemiological associations, pathways, and biological mechanisms. This evidence points to several implications for prioritizing social connection within solutions across sectors, where public health work, initiatives, and research play a key role in addressing gaps. Therefore, this review proposes a systemic framework for cross-sector action to identify missed opportunities and guide future investigation, intervention, practice, and policy on promoting social connection and health for all. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Public Health, Volume 43 is April 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Compassion Protects Mental Health and Social Safeness During the COVID-19 Pandemic Across 21 Countries. Mindfulness (N Y) 2022; 13:863-880. [PMID: 35003380 PMCID: PMC8724602 DOI: 10.1007/s12671-021-01822-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Objectives The COVID-19 pandemic is having an unprecedented detrimental impact on mental health in people around the world. It is important therefore to explore factors that may buffer or accentuate the risk of mental health problems in this context. Given that compassion has numerous benefits for mental health, emotion regulation, and social relationships, this study examines the buffering effects of different flows of compassion (for self, for others, from others) against the impact of perceived threat of COVID-19 on depression, anxiety, and stress, and social safeness. Methods The study was conducted in a sample of 4057 adult participants from the general community population, collected across 21 countries from Europe, Middle East, North America, South America, Asia, and Oceania. Participants completed self-report measures of perceived threat of COVID-19, compassion (for self, for others, from others), depression, anxiety, stress, and social safeness. Results Perceived threat of COVID-19 was associated with higher scores in depression, anxiety, and stress, and lower scores in social safeness. Self-compassion and compassion from others were associated with lower psychological distress and higher social safeness. Compassion for others was associated with lower depressive symptoms. Self-compassion moderated the relationship between perceived threat of COVID-19 on depression, anxiety, and stress, whereas compassion from others moderated the effects of fears of contracting COVID-19 on social safeness. These effects were consistent across all countries. Conclusions Our findings highlight the universal protective role of compassion, in particular self-compassion and compassion from others, in promoting resilience by buffering against the harmful effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health and social safeness. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12671-021-01822-2.
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Slavich GM, Roos LG, Zaki J. Social belonging, compassion, and kindness: Key ingredients for fostering resilience, recovery, and growth from the COVID-19 pandemic. ANXIETY, STRESS, AND COPING 2022; 35:1-8. [PMID: 34369221 PMCID: PMC8792144 DOI: 10.1080/10615806.2021.1950695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to increases in anxiety, depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, burnout, grief, and suicide, particularly for healthcare workers and vulnerable individuals. In some places, due to low vaccination rates and new variants of SARS-CoV-2 emerging, psychosocial strategies for remaining resilient during an ongoing multi-faceted stressor are still needed. Elsewhere, thanks to successful vaccination campaigns, some countries have begun reopening but questions remain regarding how to best recover, adjust, and grow following the collective stress and loss caused by the pandemic. METHOD Here, we briefly describe three evidence-based strategies that can help foster individual and collective recovery, growth, and resilience: cultivating social belonging, practicing compassion, and engaging in kindness. RESULTS Social belonging involves a sense of interpersonal connectedness. Practicing compassion involves perceiving suffering as part of a larger shared human experience and directing kindness toward it. Finally, engaging in kindness involves prosocial acts toward others. CONCLUSIONS Together, these strategies can promote social connectedness and help reduce anxiety, stress, and depression, which may help psychologists, policymakers, and the global community remain resilience in places where cases are still high while promoting adjustment and growth in communities that are now recovering and looking to the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- George M. Slavich
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology and Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Lydia G. Roos
- Health Psychology PhD Program, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Jamil Zaki
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, USA
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Schwenker R, Kroeber ES, Deutsch T, Frese T, Unverzagt S. Identifying patients with psychosocial problems in general practice: a scoping review protocol. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e051383. [PMID: 34930731 PMCID: PMC8689158 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-051383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Psychosocial problems (PSPs) are common issues associated with negative health outcomes. Since general practitioners are the first point of contact for any health-related concern, understanding their options to recognise patients with PSPs plays an important role as it is essential for early intervention and can prevent serious conditions. The objective of our scoping review is to map published evidence on the usage of instruments to identify patients with PSPs in general practice. METHODS AND ANALYSIS We will follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews checklist and the Joanna Briggs Institute Reviewer's Manual on scoping reviews. A systematic search of four electronic databases (Medline (Ovid), Web of Science Core Collection, PsycInfo, Cochrane Library) will be conducted for quantitative and qualitative studies published in English, Spanish, French and German. Main study characteristics as well as information on identification instruments will be extracted and visualised in structured tables to map the available evidence. The protocol has been registered with Open Science Framework, https://osfio/c2m6z. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This study does not require ethical approval as we will not collect personal data. Dissemination will consist of publications, presentations and other knowledge translation activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosemarie Schwenker
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of General Practice and Family Medicine, Center of Health Sciences, Martin Luther University of Halle Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Eric Sven Kroeber
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of General Practice and Family Medicine, Center of Health Sciences, Martin Luther University of Halle Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Tobias Deutsch
- Department of General Practice, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas Frese
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of General Practice and Family Medicine, Center of Health Sciences, Martin Luther University of Halle Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Susanne Unverzagt
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of General Practice and Family Medicine, Center of Health Sciences, Martin Luther University of Halle Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
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Matos M, McEwan K, Kanovský M, Halamová J, Steindl SR, Ferreira N, Linharelhos M, Rijo D, Asano K, Vilas SP, Márquez MG, Gregório S, Brito-Pons G, Lucena-Santos P, Oliveira MDS, de Souza EL, Llobenes L, Gumiy N, Costa MI, Habib N, Hakem R, Khrad H, Alzahrani A, Cheli S, Petrocchi N, Tholouli E, Issari P, Simos G, Lunding-Gregersen V, Elklit A, Kolts R, Kelly AC, Bortolon C, Delamillieure P, Paucsik M, Wahl JE, Zieba M, Zatorski M, Komendziński T, Zhang S, Basran J, Kagialis A, Kirby J, Gilbert P. The role of social connection on the experience of COVID-19 related post-traumatic growth and stress. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0261384. [PMID: 34910779 PMCID: PMC8673633 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Historically social connection has been an important way through which humans have coped with large-scale threatening events. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, lockdowns have deprived people of major sources of social support and coping, with others representing threats. Hence, a major stressor during the pandemic has been a sense of social disconnection and loneliness. This study explores how people's experience of compassion and feeling socially safe and connected, in contrast to feeling socially disconnected, lonely and fearful of compassion, effects the impact of perceived threat of COVID-19 on post-traumatic growth and post-traumatic stress. METHODS Adult participants from the general population (N = 4057) across 21 countries worldwide, completed self-report measures of social connection (compassion for self, from others, for others; social safeness), social disconnection (fears of compassion for self, from others, for others; loneliness), perceived threat of COVID-19, post-traumatic growth and traumatic stress. RESULTS Perceived threat of COVID-19 predicted increased post-traumatic growth and traumatic stress. Social connection (compassion and social safeness) predicted higher post-traumatic growth and traumatic stress, whereas social disconnection (fears of compassion and loneliness) predicted increased traumatic symptoms only. Social connection heightened the impact of perceived threat of COVID-19 on post-traumatic growth, while social disconnection weakened this impact. Social disconnection magnified the impact of the perceived threat of COVID-19 on traumatic stress. These effects were consistent across all countries. CONCLUSIONS Social connection is key to how people adapt and cope with the worldwide COVID-19 crisis and may facilitate post-traumatic growth in the context of the threat experienced during the pandemic. In contrast, social disconnection increases vulnerability to develop post-traumatic stress in this threatening context. Public health and Government organizations could implement interventions to foster compassion and feelings of social safeness and reduce experiences of social disconnection, thus promoting growth, resilience and mental wellbeing during and following the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Matos
- University of Coimbra, Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive Behavioral Intervention (CINEICC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Kirsten McEwan
- Centre for Compassion Research and Training, College of Health, Psychology and Social Care, University of Derby, Derby, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Kanovský
- Faculty of Social and Economic Sciences, Institute of Social Anthropology, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Júlia Halamová
- Faculty of Social and Economic Sciences, Institute of Applied Psychology, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Stanley R. Steindl
- Compassionate Mind Research Group, School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Nuno Ferreira
- Department of Social Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Mariana Linharelhos
- University of Coimbra, Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive Behavioral Intervention (CINEICC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Daniel Rijo
- University of Coimbra, Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive Behavioral Intervention (CINEICC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Kenichi Asano
- Department of Psychological Counseling, Faculty of Psychology, Mejiro University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sara P. Vilas
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Behavior, Emotions, and Health Research Group, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Margarita G. Márquez
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Behavior, Emotions, and Health Research Group, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sónia Gregório
- University of Coimbra, Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive Behavioral Intervention (CINEICC), Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Behavior, Emotions, and Health Research Group, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Brito-Pons
- Escuela de Psicología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paola Lucena-Santos
- University of Coimbra, Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive Behavioral Intervention (CINEICC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Margareth da Silva Oliveira
- Evaluation and Treatment in Cognitive and Behavioral Psychotherapies—Research Group (GAAPCC), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Noor Habib
- Neuroscience Department, Section of Psychiatry and Psychology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSH&RC), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reham Hakem
- Neuroscience Department, Section of Psychiatry and Psychology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSH&RC), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussain Khrad
- Neuroscience Department, Section of Psychiatry and Psychology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSH&RC), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Alzahrani
- Neuroscience Department, Section of Psychiatry and Psychology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSH&RC), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Simone Cheli
- School of Human Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Nicola Petrocchi
- Department of Economics and Social Sciences, John Cabot University, Rome, Italy
| | - Elli Tholouli
- Center for Qualitative Research in Psychology and Psychosocial Well-being, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Philia Issari
- Center for Qualitative Research in Psychology and Psychosocial Well-being, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Gregoris Simos
- Department of Educational and Social Policy, University of Macedonia, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Ask Elklit
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Russell Kolts
- Department of Psychology, Eastern Washington University, Cheney, WA, United States of America
| | - Allison C. Kelly
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
| | - Catherine Bortolon
- Laboratoire Inter-universitaire de Psychologie: Personnalité, Cognition et Changement Social, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, France
- Centre Hospitalier Alpes Isère, C3R - Réhabilitation psychosociale et remédiation cognitive, Grenoble, France
| | - Pascal Delamillieure
- CHU de Caen, Service de Psychiatrie Adulte, Caen, France
- UNICAEN, ISTS, GIP Cyceron, University of Normandy, Caen, France
| | - Marine Paucsik
- Laboratoire Inter-universitaire de Psychologie: Personnalité, Cognition et Changement Social, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, France
| | - Julia E. Wahl
- The Mind Institute Poland, Warsaw, Poland
- SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Warsaw & Poznań, Poland
| | - Mariusz Zieba
- SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Warsaw & Poznań, Poland
| | - Mateusz Zatorski
- SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Warsaw & Poznań, Poland
| | - Tomasz Komendziński
- Department of Cognitive Science, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torún, Poland
- Neurocognitive Laboratory, Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torún, Poland
| | - Shuge Zhang
- School of Human Sciences, University of Derby, Derby, United Kingdom
| | - Jaskaran Basran
- Centre for Compassion Research and Training, College of Health, Psychology and Social Care, University of Derby, Derby, United Kingdom
| | - Antonios Kagialis
- Department of Social Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - James Kirby
- Compassionate Mind Research Group, School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Paul Gilbert
- Centre for Compassion Research and Training, College of Health, Psychology and Social Care, University of Derby, Derby, United Kingdom
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Shattuck EC. Networks, cultures, and institutions: Toward a social immunology. Brain Behav Immun Health 2021; 18:100367. [PMID: 34761241 PMCID: PMC8566934 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2021.100367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper calls for increased attention to the ways in which immune function – including its behavioral aspects – are responsive to social contexts at multiple levels. Psychoneuroimmunology has demonstrated that the quantity and quality of social connections can affect immune responses, while newer research is finding that sickness temporarily affects these same social networks and that some aspects of culture can potentially “get under the skin” to affect inflammatory responses. Social immunology, the research framework proposed here, unifies these findings and also considers the effects of structural factors – that is, a society's economic, political, and environmental landscape – on exposure to pathogens and subsequent immune responses. As the COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted, a holistic understanding of the effects of social contexts on the patterning of morbidity and mortality is critically important. Social immunology provides such a framework and can highlight important risk factors related to impaired immune function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric C Shattuck
- Institute for Health Disparities Research, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.,Department of Public Health, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
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Holt-Lunstad J. Loneliness and Social Isolation as Risk Factors: The Power of Social Connection in Prevention. Am J Lifestyle Med 2021; 15:567-573. [PMID: 34646109 DOI: 10.1177/15598276211009454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Social isolation and loneliness were already pressing concerns prior to the pandemic, but recent trends suggest a potential broadening of this public health crisis. Social connections have potent influences on health and longevity, and lacking social connection qualifies as a risk factor for premature mortality. However, social factors are often overlooked in medical and healthcare practice. There is also evidence documenting effects on biomarkers and health-relevant behaviors, as well as more proximal means social connection influences physical health. A recent National Academy of Science consensus committee report provides recommendations for how this evidence can inform medical and healthcare. Clinicians play an important role in assessing, preventing, and mitigating the adverse effects of social isolation and loneliness.
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Faraji J, Metz GAS. Aging, Social Distancing, and COVID-19 Risk: Who is more Vulnerable and Why? Aging Dis 2021; 12:1624-1643. [PMID: 34631211 PMCID: PMC8460299 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2021.0319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Perceived social support represents an important predictor of healthy aging. The global COVID-19 pandemic has dramatically changed the face of social relationships and revealed elderly to be particularly vulnerable to the effects of social isolation. Social distancing may represent a double-edged sword for older adults, protecting them against COVID-19 infection while also sacrificing personal interaction and attention at a critical time. Here, we consider the moderating role of social relationships as a potential influence on stress resilience, allostatic load, and vulnerability to infection and adverse health outcomes in the elderly population. Understanding the mechanisms how social support enhances resilience to stress and promotes mental and physical health into old age will enable new preventive strategies. Targeted social interventions may provide effective relief from the impact of COVID-19-related isolation and loneliness. In this regard, a pandemic may also offer a window of opportunity for raising awareness and mobilizing resources for new strategies that help build resilience in our aging population and future generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamshid Faraji
- 1Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada.,2Faculty of Nursing & Midwifery, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Gerlinde A S Metz
- 1Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
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The Type I interferon antiviral gene program is impaired by lockdown and preserved by caregiving. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2105803118. [PMID: 34272291 PMCID: PMC8307615 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2105803118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous research has linked perceived social isolation (loneliness) to reduced antiviral immunity, but the immunologic effects of the objective social isolation imposed by pandemic "shelter in place" (SIP) policies is unknown. We assessed the immunologic impact of SIP by relocating 21 adult male rhesus macaques from 2,000-m2 field cage communities of 70 to 132 other macaques to 2 wk of individual housing in indoor shelters. SIP was associated with 30% to 50% reductions in all circulating immune cell populations (lymphocytes, monocytes, and granulocytes), down-regulation of Type I interferon (IFN) antiviral gene expression, and a relative up-regulation of CD16- classical monocytes. These effects emerged within the first 48 h of SIP, persisted for at least 2 wk, and abated within 4 wk of return to social housing. A subsequent round of SIP in the presence of a novel juvenile macaque showed comparable reductions in circulating immune cell populations but reversal of Type I IFN reductions and classical monocyte increases observed during individual SIP. Analyses of lymph node tissues showed parallel up-regulation of Type I IFN genes and enhanced control of viral gene expression during juvenile-partnered SIP compared to isolated SIP. These results identify a significant adverse effect of SIP social isolation on antiviral immune regulation in both circulating immune cells and lymphoid tissues, and they suggest a potential behavioral strategy for ameliorating gene regulatory impacts (but not immune cell declines) by promoting prosocial engagement during SIP.
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Hajure M, Dibaba B, Shemsu S, Desalegn D, Reshad M, Mohammedhussein M. Psychological Distress Among Health Care Workers in Health Facilities of Mettu Town During COVID-19 Outbreak, South West Ethiopia, 2020. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:574671. [PMID: 34248689 PMCID: PMC8260929 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.574671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: During any of the infectious disease outbreak, health care workers were at increased risk of being infected, and psychological distress was a common phenomenon. Therefore, the study aimed to assess the psychological distress related to COVID-19 among healthcare workers in Mettu town. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted from May 1-15, 2020 using convenient sampling techniques among 127 health care providers during COVID-19 pandemic in the Mettu town. Self-administered questionnaire was used to collect information. Depression and anxiety were evaluated as subscales from the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21). Psychological distress related to COVID-19 was measured using the Impact of Event Scale Revised (IES-R). Data analysis were done using SPSS version 24. Chi-square test was used to find the association between the outcome and demographic variables. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the significance of the association at P-value < 0.05. Result: Using IES-R scale, 40.2% of the participants reported to have the symptoms of psychological distress. The majority of the participants reported mild psychological distress (37%) followed by moderate psychological distress (29%). The multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the odds of psychological distress were found to be higher among health care providers who reported to have depressive symptoms, and those who used alcohol, khat and tobacco in the past 3 months shows a significant association with psychological distress. Conclusion: Our findings revealed that the COVID-19 pandemic had exerted major psychological distress on health care providers. So the findings, seek attention for early psychological intervention needed to manage psychological distress in health care providers regarding identified factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammedamin Hajure
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Health Sciences, Mettu University, Mettu, Ethiopia
| | - Bekem Dibaba
- Department of Midwifery, College of Health Sciences, Mettu University, Mettu, Ethiopia
| | - Shuayib Shemsu
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Mettu University, Mettu, Ethiopia
| | - Defaru Desalegn
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Health Sciences, Mettu University, Mettu, Ethiopia
| | - Mohammed Reshad
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Mettu University, Mettu, Ethiopia
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Holt-Lunstad J. The Major Health Implications of Social Connection. CURRENT DIRECTIONS IN PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/0963721421999630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The influence of social relationships extends beyond emotional well-being to influence long-term physical-health outcomes, including mortality risk. Despite the varied measurement approaches used to examine social relationships within the health literature, the data can be synthesized using social connection as an organizing framework. This review discusses cumulative scientific evidence of links between various aspects of social connection and mortality, as well as supporting evidence for links with morbidity and plausible mechanisms. This evidence fulfills the criteria outlined in the Bradford Hill guidelines for establishing causality. Despite strong evidence currently available, several gaps remain and will need to be addressed if society is to rise to the challenge of developing effective interventions to reduce risk associated with social disconnection. This evidence has important broader implications for medical practice and public health.
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Motivation, Stress and Impact of Online Teaching on Italian Teachers during COVID-19. COMPUTERS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/computers10060075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The use of digital technology as the only communication and relationship channel in work, school and social contexts is bringing out dynamics that are sometimes in contrast with each other. The purpose of this article is to investigate the impact of digital technology on teachers’ school practices in the context of COVID-19. This impact was studied in relation to the constructs of motivation, perceived stress, sense of self-efficacy and resistance to/acceptance of technologies. This study examined the role played by the massive and coercive use of digital technologies (and the relationship with innovation and change) in predicting motivation and perceived stress among teachers. To this end, the impact of digital technologies on motivation and perceived stress were explored in the sample. A questionnaire consisting of three scales was administered to 688 Italian school teachers of all educational levels (from childhood to upper-secondary school), who completed a socio-demographic section, a section on the scale of the impact of technology and distance learning, a perceived stress scale and items on motivation and professional development. Descriptive and inferential analyses were applied to the data. Key findings indicated that the impact of digital technologies during the pandemic negatively correlates with both perceived stress and motivation. Practical implications were suggested to help teachers develop functional coping styles to cope with technological changes in work and life contexts.
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Moccia G, Carpinelli L, Savarese G, Borrelli A, Boccia G, Motta O, Capunzo M, De Caro F. Perception of Health, Mistrust, Anxiety, and Indecision in a Group of Italians Vaccinated against COVID-19. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:612. [PMID: 34200347 PMCID: PMC8228609 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9060612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to evaluate the psychological factors of health perception, mistrust, anxiety, fear, and indecision of Italians vaccinated against COVID-19, and conduct an analysis of the relationships between these factors and other variables: sex, vaccine priority ministerial categories, and the type and dose of vaccine. The participants included 1564 subjects who joined the vaccination campaign at the COVID-19 Vaccination Center in Salerno, Italy. A survey was conducted in the reference period March-April 2021 using a brief anamnestic questionnaire. In addition, the following standardized scales were used: the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-Y) and the Short Form Health Survey (SF-12). The results showed that, in terms of the type of vaccine received, the interviewees felt more confident in having received the Comirnaty (Pfizer-BioNTech, 23.5%) and Vaxzevria (AstraZeneca, 18.6%) vaccines-feeling less tense (2.1%; Vaxzevria (AstraZeneca) = 3.2%), frightened (1%; Vaxzevria (AstraZeneca) = 1.4%), not at all nervous (61.1%; Vaxzevria (AstraZeneca), 43.6%), and not at all/undecided (67.9%; Vaxzevria (AstraZeneca), 58.6%). Regarding the mood and psychological states considered at the different vaccine administration times, other important differences emerged as the interviewees reported higher levels of tension, nervousness, and fear during the first phase of vaccine administration. Specifically, 40.7% (second dose, 32.7%) felt somewhat tense at the first dose, 26.4% felt frightened (second dose, 21.8%), and 33.8% felt nervous (second dose, 26.8%). The perceived state of health also increased at the end of the vaccination cycle, as, at the second dose, 15.4% of the sample reported an evaluation of "excellent" (first dose, 12.4%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Moccia
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (G.M.); (L.C.); (G.B.); (O.M.); (M.C.); (F.D.C.)
- A.U.O. “San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d’Aragona”, 84121 Salerno, Italy;
| | - Luna Carpinelli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (G.M.); (L.C.); (G.B.); (O.M.); (M.C.); (F.D.C.)
| | - Giulia Savarese
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (G.M.); (L.C.); (G.B.); (O.M.); (M.C.); (F.D.C.)
| | - Anna Borrelli
- A.U.O. “San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d’Aragona”, 84121 Salerno, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Boccia
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (G.M.); (L.C.); (G.B.); (O.M.); (M.C.); (F.D.C.)
- A.U.O. “San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d’Aragona”, 84121 Salerno, Italy;
| | - Oriana Motta
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (G.M.); (L.C.); (G.B.); (O.M.); (M.C.); (F.D.C.)
- A.U.O. “San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d’Aragona”, 84121 Salerno, Italy;
| | - Mario Capunzo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (G.M.); (L.C.); (G.B.); (O.M.); (M.C.); (F.D.C.)
- A.U.O. “San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d’Aragona”, 84121 Salerno, Italy;
| | - Francesco De Caro
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (G.M.); (L.C.); (G.B.); (O.M.); (M.C.); (F.D.C.)
- A.U.O. “San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d’Aragona”, 84121 Salerno, Italy;
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