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Dino P, Giuffrè MR, Buscetta M, Di Vincenzo S, La Mensa A, Cristaldi M, Bucchieri F, Lo Iacono G, Bertani A, Pace E, Cipollina C. Release of IL-1β and IL-18 in human primary bronchial epithelial cells exposed to cigarette smoke is independent of NLRP3. Eur J Immunol 2024:e2451053. [PMID: 39072707 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202451053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Cigarette smoke (CS) is a major risk factor for chronic lung diseases and promotes activation of pattern recognition receptors in the bronchial epithelium. NOD-like receptor family, pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) is a pattern recognition receptor whose activation leads to caspase-1 cleavage, maturation/release of IL-1β and IL-18, and eventually pyroptosis. Whether the NLRP3 inflammasome participates in CS-induced inflammation in bronchial epithelial cells is still unclear. Herein, we evaluated the involvement of NLRP3 in CS-induced inflammatory responses in human primary bronchial epithelial cells. To this purpose, human primary bronchial epithelial cells were stimulated with CS extracts (CSE) and lytic cell death, caspase activation (-1, -8, -3/7), cytokine release (IL-1β, IL-18, and IL-8), NLRP3, pro-IL-1β/pro-IL-18 mRNA, and protein expression were measured. The impact of inhibitors of NLRP3 (MCC950), caspases, and the effect of the antioxidant N-acetyl cysteine were evaluated. We found that CSE increased pro-IL-1β expression and induced activation of caspase-1 and release of IL-1β and IL-18. These events were independent of NLRP3 and we found that NLRP3 was not expressed. N-acetyl cysteine reverted CSE-induced caspase-1 activation. Overall, our findings support that the bronchial epithelium may play a central role in the release of IL-1 family cytokines independently of NLRP3 in the lungs of smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Dino
- Ri.MED Foundation, Palermo, Italy
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BiND), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Ospedale Civile di Venezia SS. Giovanni e Paolo, Venezia, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Agnese La Mensa
- Ri.MED Foundation, Palermo, Italy
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BiND), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Fabio Bucchieri
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BiND), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | | | | | - Elisabetta Pace
- Istituto di Farmacologia Traslazionale (IFT)-CNR, Palermo, Italy
| | - Chiara Cipollina
- Ri.MED Foundation, Palermo, Italy
- Istituto di Farmacologia Traslazionale (IFT)-CNR, Palermo, Italy
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2
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Sasidharan A, Grosche A, Xu X, Kinane TB, Angoli D, Vidyasagar S. Select amino acids recover cytokine-altered ENaC function in human bronchial epithelial cells. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0307809. [PMID: 39052685 PMCID: PMC11271875 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0307809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The airway epithelium plays a pivotal role in regulating mucosal immunity and inflammation. Epithelial barrier function, homeostasis of luminal fluid, and mucociliary clearance are major components of mucosal defense mechanisms. The epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) is one of the key players in controlling airway fluid volume and composition, and characteristic cytokines cause ENaC and barrier dysfunctions following pulmonary infections or allergic reactions. Given the limited understanding of the requisite duration and magnitude of cytokines to affect ENaC and barrier function, available treatment options for restoring normal ENaC activity are limited. Previous studies have demonstrated that distinct amino acids can modulate epithelial ion channel activities and barrier function in intestines and airways. Here, we have investigated the time- and concentration-dependent effect of representative cytokines for Th1- (IFN-γ and TNF-α), Th2- (IL-4 and IL-13), and Treg-mediated (TGF-β1) immune responses on ENaC activity and barrier function in human bronchial epithelial cells. When cells were exposed to Th1 and Treg cytokines, ENaC activity decreased gradually while barrier function remained largely unaffected. In contrast, Th2 cytokines had an immediate and profound inhibitory effect on ENaC activity that was subsequently followed by epithelial barrier disruption. These functional changes were associated with decreased membrane protein expression of α-, β-, and γ-ENaC, and decreased mRNA levels of β- and γ-ENaC. A proprietary blend of amino acids was developed based on their ability to prevent Th2 cytokine-induced ENaC dysfunction. Exposure to the select amino acids reversed the inhibitory effect of IL-13 on ENaC activity by increasing mRNA levels of β- and γ-ENaC, and protein expression of γ-ENaC. This study indicates the beneficial effect of select amino acids on ENaC activity in an in vitro setting of Th2-mediated inflammation suggesting these amino acids as a novel therapeutic approach for correcting this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anusree Sasidharan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shands Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Astrid Grosche
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shands Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Xiaodong Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shands Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - T. Bernard Kinane
- Pediatric Pulmonary Division, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Damiano Angoli
- Pediatric Pulmonary Division, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Sadasivan Vidyasagar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shands Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
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3
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Lee CE, Rezaee F. Nanoparticles and Airway Epithelial Cells: Exploring the Impacts and Methodologies in Toxicity Assessment. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7885. [PMID: 39063127 PMCID: PMC11277209 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The production of nanoparticles has recently surged due to their varied applications in the biomedical, pharmaceutical, textile, and electronic sectors. However, this rapid increase in nanoparticle manufacturing has raised concerns about environmental pollution, particularly its potential adverse effects on human health. Among the various concerns, inhalation exposure to nanoparticles poses significant risks, especially affecting the respiratory system. Airway epithelial cells play a crucial role as the primary defense against inhaled particulate matter and pathogens. Studies have shown that nanoparticles can disrupt the airway epithelial barrier, triggering inflammatory responses, generating reactive oxygen species, and compromising cell viability. However, our understanding of how different types of nanoparticles specifically impact the airway epithelial barrier remains limited. Both in vitro cell culture and in vivo murine models are commonly utilized to investigate nanoparticle-induced cellular responses and barrier dysfunction. This review discusses the methodologies frequently employed to assess nanoparticle toxicity and barrier disruption. Furthermore, we analyze and compare the distinct effects of various nanoparticle types on the airway epithelial barrier. By elucidating the diverse responses elicited by different nanoparticles, we aim to provide insights that can guide future research endeavors in assessing and mitigating the potential risks associated with nanoparticle exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire E. Lee
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA;
- Department of Cognitive Science, College of Arts and Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Fariba Rezaee
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA;
- Center for Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Children’s, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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4
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Turner DL, Amoozadeh S, Baric H, Stanley E, Werder RB. Building a human lung from pluripotent stem cells to model respiratory viral infections. Respir Res 2024; 25:277. [PMID: 39010108 PMCID: PMC11251358 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-024-02912-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
To protect against the constant threat of inhaled pathogens, the lung is equipped with cellular defenders. In coordination with resident and recruited immune cells, this defence is initiated by the airway and alveolar epithelium following their infection with respiratory viruses. Further support for viral clearance and infection resolution is provided by adjacent endothelial and stromal cells. However, even with these defence mechanisms, respiratory viral infections are a significant global health concern, causing substantial morbidity, socioeconomic losses, and mortality, underlining the need to develop effective vaccines and antiviral medications. In turn, the identification of new treatment options for respiratory infections is critically dependent on the availability of tractable in vitro experimental models that faithfully recapitulate key aspects of lung physiology. For such models to be informative, it is important these models incorporate human-derived, physiologically relevant versions of all cell types that normally form part of the lungs anti-viral response. This review proposes a guideline using human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to create all the disease-relevant cell types. iPSCs can be differentiated into lung epithelium, innate immune cells, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts at a large scale, recapitulating in vivo functions and providing genetic tractability. We advocate for building comprehensive iPSC-derived in vitro models of both proximal and distal lung regions to better understand and model respiratory infections, including interactions with chronic lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Declan L Turner
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, 3056, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, 3056, Australia
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Stem Cell Medicine, reNEW Melbourne, Melbourne, 3056, Australia
| | - Sahel Amoozadeh
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, 3056, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, 3056, Australia
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Stem Cell Medicine, reNEW Melbourne, Melbourne, 3056, Australia
| | - Hannah Baric
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, 3056, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, 3056, Australia
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Stem Cell Medicine, reNEW Melbourne, Melbourne, 3056, Australia
| | - Ed Stanley
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, 3056, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, 3056, Australia
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Stem Cell Medicine, reNEW Melbourne, Melbourne, 3056, Australia
| | - Rhiannon B Werder
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, 3056, Australia.
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, 3056, Australia.
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Stem Cell Medicine, reNEW Melbourne, Melbourne, 3056, Australia.
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5
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Leoni Swart A, Laventie BJ, Sütterlin R, Junne T, Lauer L, Manfredi P, Jakonia S, Yu X, Karagkiozi E, Okujava R, Jenal U. Pseudomonas aeruginosa breaches respiratory epithelia through goblet cell invasion in a microtissue model. Nat Microbiol 2024; 9:1725-1737. [PMID: 38858595 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-024-01718-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a leading cause of severe hospital-acquired pneumonia, causes infections with up to 50% mortality rates in mechanically ventilated patients. Despite some knowledge of virulence factors involved, it remains unclear how P. aeruginosa disseminates on mucosal surfaces and invades the tissue barrier. Using infection of human respiratory epithelium organoids, here we observed that P. aeruginosa colonization of apical surfaces is promoted by cyclic di-GMP-dependent asymmetric division. Infection with mutant strains revealed that Type 6 Secretion System activities promote preferential invasion of goblet cells. Type 3 Secretion System activity by intracellular bacteria induced goblet cell death and expulsion, leading to epithelial rupture which increased bacterial translocation and dissemination to the basolateral epithelium. These findings show that under physiological conditions, P. aeruginosa uses coordinated activity of a specific combination of virulence factors and behaviours to invade goblet cells and breach the epithelial barrier from within, revealing mechanistic insight into lung infection dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Tina Junne
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Luisa Lauer
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Xiao Yu
- Cardiovascular, Metabolism, Immunology, Infectious Diseases and Ophthalmology (CMI2O), Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Evdoxia Karagkiozi
- Cardiovascular, Metabolism, Immunology, Infectious Diseases and Ophthalmology (CMI2O), Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rusudan Okujava
- Cardiovascular, Metabolism, Immunology, Infectious Diseases and Ophthalmology (CMI2O), Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Urs Jenal
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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Qin L, Yao Y, Wang W, Qin Q, Liu J, Liu H, Yuan L, Yuan Y, Du X, Zhao B, Wu X, Qing B, Huang L, Wang G, Xiang Y, Qu X, Zhang X, Yang M, Xia Z, Liu C. Airway epithelial overexpressed cathepsin K induces airway remodelling through epithelial-mesenchymal trophic unit activation in asthma. Br J Pharmacol 2024. [PMID: 38853468 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Airway epithelial cells (AECs) regulate the activation of epithelial-mesenchymal trophic units (EMTUs) during airway remodelling through secretion of signalling mediators. However, the major trigger and the intrinsic pathogenesis of airway remodelling is still obscure. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The differing expressed genes in airway epithelia related to airway remodelling were screened and verified by RNA-sequencing and signalling pathway analysis. Then, the effects of increased cathepsin K (CTSK) in airway epithelia on airway remodelling and EMTU activation were identified both in vitro and in vivo, and the molecular mechanism was elucidated in the EMTU model. The potential of CTSK as an an effective biomarker of airway remodelling was analysed in an asthma cohort of differing severity. Finally, an inhibitor of CTSK was administered for potential therapeutic intervention for airway remodelling in asthma. KEY RESULTS The expression of CTSK in airway epithelia increased significantly along with the development of airway remodelling in a house dust mite (HDM)-stressed asthma model. Increased secretion of CTSK from airway epithelia induced the activation of EMTUs by activation of the PAR2-mediated pathway. Blockade of CTSK inhibited EMTU activation and alleviated airway remodelling as an effective intervention target of airway remodelling. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Increased expression of CTSK in airway epithelia is involved in the development of airway remodelling in asthma through EMTU activation, mediated partly through the PAR2-mediated signalling pathway. CTSK is a potential biomarker for airway remodelling, and may also be a useful intervention target for airway remodelling in asthma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Qin
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Basic and Clinical Research Laboratory of Major Respiratory Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ye Yao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Weijie Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qingwu Qin
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jingjing Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Huijun Liu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lin Yuan
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yunchang Yuan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xizi Du
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bingrong Zhao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xinyu Wu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bei Qing
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Leng Huang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Respiratory Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Xiang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiangping Qu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xuewei Zhang
- Department of Health Management, Xiangya Hospital, Cental South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Zhenkun Xia
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chi Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Basic and Clinical Research Laboratory of Major Respiratory Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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7
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Sekiya T, Murakami K, Isohama Y. Seihaito, a Kampo medicine, attenuates IL-13-induced mucus production and goblet cell metaplasia. J Pharmacol Sci 2024; 155:21-28. [PMID: 38677782 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2024.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Goblet cell hyperplasia and increased mucus production are features of airway diseases, including asthma, and excess airway mucus often worsens these conditions. Even steroids are not uniformly effective in mucus production in severe asthma, and new therapeutic options are needed. Seihaito is a Japanese traditional medicine that is used clinically as an antitussive and expectorant. In the present study, we examined the effect of Seihaito on goblet cell differentiation and mucus production. In in vitro studies, using air-liquid interface culture of guinea-pig tracheal epithelial cells, Seihaito inhibited IL-13-induced proliferation of goblet cells and MUC5AC, a major component of mucus production. Seihaito suppressed goblet cell-specific gene expression, without changing ciliary cell-specific genes, suggesting that it inhibits goblet cell differentiation. In addition, Seihaito suppressed MUC5AC expression in cells transfected with SPDEF, a transcription factor activated by IL-13. Furthermore, Seihaito attenuated in vivo goblet cell proliferation and MUC5AC mRNA expression in IL-13-treated mouse lungs. Collectively, these findings demonstrated that Seihaito has an inhibitory effect on goblet cell differentiation and mucus production, which is at least partly due to the inhibition of SPDEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Sekiya
- Laboratory of Applied Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Kazuhito Murakami
- Laboratory of Applied Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Isohama
- Laboratory of Applied Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan.
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8
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Hu Y, Wang M, Xie J, Jiao L, Ding Y, Luo Y. Exposure to ephedrine attenuates Th1/Th2 imbalance underlying OVA-induced asthma through airway epithelial cell-derived exosomal lnc-TRPM2-AS. Chin J Nat Med 2024; 22:530-540. [PMID: 38906600 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(24)60554-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Although various anti-inflammatory medications, such as ephedrine, are employed to manage cough-variant asthma, their underlying mechanisms are yet to be fully understood. Recent studies suggest that exosomes derived from airway epithelial cells (AECs) contain components like messenger RNAs (mRNAs), micro-RNAs (miRNAs), and long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), which play roles in the occurrence and progression of airway inflammation. This study investigates the influence of AEC-derived exosomes on the efficacy of ephedrine in treating cough-variant asthma. We established a mouse model of asthma and measured airway resistance and serum inflammatory cell levels. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), Western blotting, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) analyses were used to assess gene and protein expression levels. Exosomes were isolated and characterized. RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) and RNA pull-down assays were conducted to examine the interaction between hnRNPA2B1 and lnc-TRPM2-AS1. In the ovalbumin (OVA)-challenged mouse model, ephedrine treatment reduced inflammatory responses, airway resistance, and Th1/Th2 cell imbalance. Exosomes from OVA-treated AECs showed elevated levels of lnc-TRPM2-AS1, which were diminished following ephedrine treatment. The exosomal lnc-TRPM2-AS1 mediated the Th1/Th2 imbalance in CD4+ T cells, with its packaging into exosomes being facilitated by hnRNPA2B1. This study unveils a novel mechanism by which ephedrine ameliorates OVA-induced CD4+ T cell imbalance by suppressing AEC-derived exosomal lnc-TRPM2-AS1. These findings could provide a theoretical framework for using ephedrine in asthma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Hu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410007, China
| | - Mengqing Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410007, China.
| | - Jing Xie
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410007, China
| | - Luojia Jiao
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Yi Ding
- Department of Rehabilitation, Medical College, Changsha Civil Affairs Vocational and Technical College, Changsha 410004, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yinhe Luo
- Teaching and Research Office of Chinese and Western Combination, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China.
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9
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Bosch TCG, Blaser MJ, Ruby E, McFall-Ngai M. A new lexicon in the age of microbiome research. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2024; 379:20230060. [PMID: 38497258 PMCID: PMC10945402 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2023.0060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
At a rapid pace, biologists are learning the many ways in which resident microbes influence, and sometimes even control, their hosts to shape both health and disease. Understanding the biochemistry behind these interactions promises to reveal completely novel and targeted ways of counteracting disease processes. However, in our protocols and publications, we continue to describe these new results using a language that originated in a completely different context. This language developed when microbial interactions with hosts were perceived to be primarily pathogenic, as threats that had to be vanquished. Biomedicine had one dominating thought: winning this war against microorganisms. Today, we know that beyond their defensive roles, host tissues, especially epithelia, are vital to ensuring association with the normal microbiota, the communities of microbes that persistently live with the host. Thus, we need to adopt a language that better encompasses the newly appreciated importance of host-microbiota associations. We also need a language that frames the onset and progression of pathogenic conditions within the context of the normal microbiota. Such a reimagined lexicon should make it clear, from the very nature of its words, that microorganisms are primarily vital to our health, and only more rarely the cause of disease. This article is part of the theme issue 'Sculpting the microbiome: how host factors determine and respond to microbial colonization'.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martin J. Blaser
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Edward Ruby
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
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10
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Sponchiado M, Fagan A, Mata L, Bonilla AL, Trevizan-Baú P, Prabhakaran S, Reznikov LR. Sex-dependent regulation of mucin gene transcription and airway secretion and mechanics following intra-airway IL-13 in mice with conditional loss of club cell Creb1. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1392443. [PMID: 38711951 PMCID: PMC11070562 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1392443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Interleukin 13 (IL-13) is an important effector molecule in allergic asthma. IL-13-mediated mucin hypersecretion requires conversion of secretoglobin-positive club cells into goblet cells through suppression of forkhead box A2 (FOXA2) and induction of SAM pointed domain containing ETS transcription factor (SPDEF). IL-13-mediated mucin hypersecretion may also include modulation of purinergic and muscarinic receptors that control basal and stimulated mucin secretion. We recently found that the transcription factor cAMP response element-binding protein (Creb1) inhibits FOXA2 and modulates mucus secretion in mice. Methods: We tested the hypothesis that loss of club cell Creb1 mitigates the pro-mucin effects of IL-13. We challenged male and female mice with conditional loss of club cell Creb1 and wild type littermates with intra-airway IL-13 or vehicle. We also studied human "club cell-like" NCI-H322 cells. Results: Loss of club cell Creb1 augmented IL-13-mediated increases in mRNA for the gel-forming mucins Muc5ac and Muc5b and prevented IL-13-mediated decreases in muscarinic 3 receptor (M3R) mRNA in male airways. In female airways, loss of club cell Creb1 reduced M3R mRNA and significantly blunted IL-13-mediated increases in purinergic receptor P2Y2 (P2ry2) mRNA but did not impact Muc5ac and Muc5b mRNA. Despite changes in mucins and secretion machinery, goblet cell density following cholinergic stimulation was not impacted by loss of club cell Creb1 in either sex. IL-13 treatment decreased basal airway resistance across sexes in mice with loss of club cell Creb1, whereas loss of club cell Creb1 augmented IL-13-mediated increases in airway elastance in response to methacholine. NCI-H322 cells displayed IL-13 signaling components, including IL-13Rα1 and IL-4Rα. Pharmacologic inhibition of CREB reduced IL-13Rα1 mRNA, whereas recombinant CREB decreased IL-4Rα mRNA. Application of IL-13 to NCI-H322 cells increased concentrations of cAMP in a delayed manner, thus linking IL-13 signaling to CREB signaling. Conclusion: These data highlight sex-specific regulation of club cell Creb1 on IL-13-mediated mucin hypersecretion and airway mechanics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Sponchiado
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Amy Fagan
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Luz Mata
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Angelina L. Bonilla
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Pedro Trevizan-Baú
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Sreekala Prabhakaran
- Department of Pediatrics Pediatric Pulmonary Division, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Leah R. Reznikov
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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11
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Jairaman A, Prakriya M. Calcium Signaling in Airway Epithelial Cells: Current Understanding and Implications for Inflammatory Airway Disease. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2024; 44:772-783. [PMID: 38385293 PMCID: PMC11090472 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.123.318339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Airway epithelial cells play an indispensable role in protecting the lung from inhaled pathogens and allergens by releasing an array of mediators that orchestrate inflammatory and immune responses when confronted with harmful environmental triggers. While this process is undoubtedly important for containing the effects of various harmful insults, dysregulation of the inflammatory response can cause lung diseases including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and pulmonary fibrosis. A key cellular mechanism that underlies the inflammatory responses in the airway is calcium signaling, which stimulates the production and release of chemokines, cytokines, and prostaglandins from the airway epithelium. In this review, we discuss the role of major Ca2+ signaling pathways found in airway epithelial cells and their contributions to airway inflammation, mucociliary clearance, and surfactant production. We highlight the importance of store-operated Ca2+ entry as a major signaling hub in these processes and discuss therapeutic implications of targeting Ca2+ signaling for airway inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Jairaman
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California-Irvine (UCI) (A.J.)
| | - Murali Prakriya
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (M.P.)
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12
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van Paassen J, Hiemstra PS, van der Linden AC, de Jonge E, Zwaginga JJ, Klautz RJM, Arbous MS. MUC5AC concentrations in lung lavage fluids are associated with acute lung injury after cardiac surgery. Respir Res 2024; 25:117. [PMID: 38454475 PMCID: PMC10921709 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-024-02747-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Heart surgery may be complicated by acute lung injury and adult respiratory distress syndrome. Expression and release of mucins MUC5AC and MUC5B in the lungs has been reported to be increased in acute lung injury. The aim of our study was to [1] investigate the perioperative changes of MUC5AC, MUC5B and other biomarkers in mini-bronchoalveolar lavage (minBAL), and [2] relate these to clinical outcomes after cardiac surgery. In this prospective cohort study in 49 adult cardiac surgery patients pre- and post-surgery non-fiberscopic miniBAL fluids were analysed for MUC5AC, MUC5B, IL-8, human neutrophil elastase, and neutrophils. All measured biomarkers increased after surgery. Perioperative MUC5AC-change showed a significant negative association with postoperative P/F ratio (p = 0.018), and a positive association with ICU stay (p = 0.027). In conclusion, development of lung injury after cardiac surgery and prolonged ICU stay are associated with an early increase of MUC5AC as detected in mini-BAL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith van Paassen
- Department of Intensive Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden, B4-57, 2333 ZA, the Netherlands.
| | - Pieter S Hiemstra
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Evert de Jonge
- Department of Intensive Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden, B4-57, 2333 ZA, the Netherlands
| | - Jaap Jan Zwaginga
- Center for Clinical Transfusion Research, Sanquin Research, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Robert J M Klautz
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - M Sesmu Arbous
- Department of Intensive Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden, B4-57, 2333 ZA, the Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
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13
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Yu Y, Ni M, Zheng Y, Huang Y. Airway epithelial-targeted nanoparticle reverses asthma in inhalation therapy. J Control Release 2024; 367:223-234. [PMID: 38272396 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Despite extensive research on corticosteroids for treating asthma, their short residence time in the lungs has limited their therapeutic effects in vivo. Nanoparticles have been widely investigated for inhaled drug delivery due to their potential benefits in prolonging drugs' residence time in the lungs. However, the retention of nanoparticles may be limited by mucus and ciliated epithelium clearance mechanisms in the airway. Herein, we anchored a neonatal-Fc-receptor-targeted peptide (FcBP) onto "mucus-penetrating" polyethylene glycol (PEG) nanoparticles (PEG-NP). Interestingly, the mucus-permeability of PEG-NP was not impaired by FcBP-functionalization. Moreover, FcBP modification enhanced cellular internalization and exocytosis via specific receptor-mediated processes, which subsequently ameliorated transepithelial transport and prolonged pulmonary retention. Importantly, after loading dexamethasone, FcBP-functionalization could effectively help nanoparticles cross the airway epithelial layer and be endocytosed by inflammatory cells, resulting in a marked decrease in inflammatory cytokines. Finally, FcBP modification significantly enhanced the therapeutic effect of dexamethasone-loaded nanoparticles in asthma mice. This study demonstrates that FcBP-functionalized PEG-NP can overcome multiple obstacles in the airway to prolong the pulmonary retention of drugs, providing a promising strategy for inhalation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinglan Yu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Mingjie Ni
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yaxian Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, China; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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14
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Sharma JR, Dubey A, Yadav UCS. Cigarette smoke-induced galectin-3 as a diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target in lung tissue remodeling. Life Sci 2024; 339:122433. [PMID: 38237765 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Galectin-3 (Gal-3), a multifunctional carbohydrate-binding lectin, has emerged as a key player in various biological processes including inflammation, cancer, cardiovascular diseases and fibrotic disorders, however it remains unclear if Gal-3 is a bystander or drives lung tissue remodeling (LTR). Persistent exposure to cigarette smoke (CS) is the leading cause of oxidative and inflammatory damage to the lung tissues. CS-induced pathological increase in Gal-3 expression has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various respiratory conditions, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), and lung cancer. We and others have reported that CS induces Gal-3 synthesis and secretion, which modulates the pathological signaling pathways in lung epithelial cells implicating Gal-3 as a novel diagnostic marker and a factor driving LTR in CS-exposed lungs. Therefore, pharmacological interventions targeting Gal-3 and its upstream and downstream signaling pathways can help combat CS-induced LTR. Excitingly, preclinical models have demonstrated the efficacy of interventions such as Gal-3 expression inhibition, Gal-3 receptor blockade, and signaling pathways modulation open up promising avenues for future therapeutic interventions. Furthermore, targeting extracellular vesicles-mediated Gal-3 release and the potential of microRNA-based therapy are emerging as novel therapeutic approaches in CS-induced LTR and have been discussed in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiten R Sharma
- Special Center for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Anupama Dubey
- Special Center for Systems Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Umesh C S Yadav
- Special Center for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India; Special Center for Systems Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India.
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15
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Abrami M, Biasin A, Tescione F, Tierno D, Dapas B, Carbone A, Grassi G, Conese M, Di Gioia S, Larobina D, Grassi M. Mucus Structure, Viscoelastic Properties, and Composition in Chronic Respiratory Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1933. [PMID: 38339210 PMCID: PMC10856136 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The respiratory mucus, a viscoelastic gel, effectuates a primary line of the airway defense when operated by the mucociliary clearance. In chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs), such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and cystic fibrosis (CF), the mucus is overproduced and its solid content augments, changing its structure and viscoelastic properties and determining a derangement of essential defense mechanisms against opportunistic microbial (virus and bacteria) pathogens. This ensues in damaging of the airways, leading to a vicious cycle of obstruction and infection responsible for the harsh clinical evolution of these CRDs. Here, we review the essential features of normal and pathological mucus (i.e., sputum in CF, COPD, and asthma), i.e., mucin content, structure (mesh size), micro/macro-rheology, pH, and osmotic pressure, ending with the awareness that sputum biomarkers (mucins, inflammatory proteins and peptides, and metabolites) might serve to indicate acute exacerbation and response to therapies. There are some indications that old and novel treatments may change the structure, viscoelastic properties, and biomarker content of sputum; however, a wealth of work is still needed to embrace these measures as correlates of disease severity in association with (or even as substitutes of) pulmonary functional tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Abrami
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, Via Valerio 6/A, I-34127 Trieste, Italy; (M.A.); (A.B.); (M.G.)
| | - Alice Biasin
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, Via Valerio 6/A, I-34127 Trieste, Italy; (M.A.); (A.B.); (M.G.)
| | - Fabiana Tescione
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council of Italy, P.le E. Fermi 1, I-80055 Portici, Italy; (F.T.); (D.L.)
| | - Domenico Tierno
- Clinical Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, Cattinara University Hospital, University of Trieste, Strada di Fiume 447, I-34149 Trieste, Italy; (D.T.); (G.G.)
| | - Barbara Dapas
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, I-34127 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Annalucia Carbone
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Napoli 121, I-71122 Foggia, Italy; (A.C.); (S.D.G.)
| | - Gabriele Grassi
- Clinical Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, Cattinara University Hospital, University of Trieste, Strada di Fiume 447, I-34149 Trieste, Italy; (D.T.); (G.G.)
| | - Massimo Conese
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Napoli 121, I-71122 Foggia, Italy; (A.C.); (S.D.G.)
| | - Sante Di Gioia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Napoli 121, I-71122 Foggia, Italy; (A.C.); (S.D.G.)
| | - Domenico Larobina
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council of Italy, P.le E. Fermi 1, I-80055 Portici, Italy; (F.T.); (D.L.)
| | - Mario Grassi
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, Via Valerio 6/A, I-34127 Trieste, Italy; (M.A.); (A.B.); (M.G.)
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16
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Mallek NM, Martin EM, Dailey LA, McCullough SD. Liquid application dosing alters the physiology of air-liquid interface (ALI) primary human bronchial epithelial cell/lung fibroblast co-cultures and in vitro testing relevant endpoints. FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2024; 5:1264331. [PMID: 38464699 PMCID: PMC10922929 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2023.1264331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Differentiated primary human bronchial epithelial cell (dpHBEC) cultures grown under air-liquid interface (ALI) conditions exhibit key features of the human respiratory tract and are thus critical for respiratory research as well as efficacy and toxicity testing of inhaled substances (e.g., consumer products, industrial chemicals, and pharmaceuticals). Many inhalable substances (e.g., particles, aerosols, hydrophobic substances, reactive substances) have physiochemical properties that challenge their evaluation under ALI conditions in vitro. Evaluation of the effects of these methodologically challenging chemicals (MCCs) in vitro is typically conducted by "liquid application," involving the direct application of a solution containing the test substance to the apical, air-exposed surface of dpHBEC-ALI cultures. We report that the application of liquid to the apical surface of a dpHBEC-ALI co-culture model results in significant reprogramming of the dpHBEC transcriptome and biological pathway activity, alternative regulation of cellular signaling pathways, increased secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and growth factors, and decreased epithelial barrier integrity. Given the prevalence of liquid application in the delivery of test substances to ALI systems, understanding its effects provides critical infrastructure for the use of in vitro systems in respiratory research as well as in the safety and efficacy testing of inhalable substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas M. Mallek
- Curriculum in Toxicology and Environmental Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Elizabeth M. Martin
- Epigenetics and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Lisa A. Dailey
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Shaun D. McCullough
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Exposure and Protection, RTI International, Durham, NC, United States
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17
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Zhong L, Wu C, Zhao Y, Huang B, Luo Z, Wu Y. Inflammatory responses and barrier disruption in the trachea of chicks following Mycoplasma gallisepticum infection: a focus on the TNF-α-NF-κB/MLCK pathway. Vet Res 2024; 55:8. [PMID: 38225621 PMCID: PMC10790558 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-023-01259-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) can induce persistent inflammatory damage to the tracheal mucosa of poultry and cause chronic respiratory diseases in chickens. To further investigate the mechanism of MG-induced injury to the tracheal mucosa, we used chick embryo tracheal organ culture (TOC) as a model to study the invasion and reproduction of MG, the effect of MG on tracheal morphology, and the potential factors that promote MG tissue invasion. The results showed that MG infection significantly damaged the tracheal epithelial structure and weakened tracheal epithelial barrier function; MG also increased the occurrence of bacterial displacement, with a significant (p < 0.05) increase in the bacterial load of the infected TOCs at 5 and 7 days post-infection. In addition, MG significantly (p < 0.05) increased the expression levels of inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and IL-6, and activated the NF-κB signalling pathway, leading to increased nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65. Simultaneously, the map kinase pathway (MAPK) was activated. This activation might be associated with increased myosin light chain (MLC) phosphorylation, which could lead to actin-myosin contraction and disruption of tight junction (TJ) protein function, potentially compromising epithelial barrier integrity and further catalysing MG migration into tissues. Overall, our results contribute to a better understanding of the interaction between MG and the host, provide insight into the mechanisms of damage to the tracheal mucosa induced by MG infection, and provide new insights into the possible pathways involved in Mycoplasma gallisepticum infection in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lemiao Zhong
- University Key Laboratory for Integrated Chinese Traditional and Western Veterinary Medicine and Animal Healthcare in Fujian Province, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Chunlin Wu
- University Key Laboratory for Integrated Chinese Traditional and Western Veterinary Medicine and Animal Healthcare in Fujian Province, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- University Key Laboratory for Integrated Chinese Traditional and Western Veterinary Medicine and Animal Healthcare in Fujian Province, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Baoqin Huang
- University Key Laboratory for Integrated Chinese Traditional and Western Veterinary Medicine and Animal Healthcare in Fujian Province, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Fujian Sunner Development Co. Ltd., Nanping, 354100, China
| | - Zhongbao Luo
- University Key Laboratory for Integrated Chinese Traditional and Western Veterinary Medicine and Animal Healthcare in Fujian Province, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Fujian Sunner Development Co. Ltd., Nanping, 354100, China
| | - Yijian Wu
- University Key Laboratory for Integrated Chinese Traditional and Western Veterinary Medicine and Animal Healthcare in Fujian Province, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
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18
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Zhou M, Meng L, He Q, Ren C, Li C. Valsartan attenuates LPS-induced ALI by modulating NF-κB and MAPK pathways. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1321095. [PMID: 38288441 PMCID: PMC10822936 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1321095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Acute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a common respiratory disease characterized by persistent hypoxemia and an uncontrolled inflammatory response. Valsartan, an angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist, is clinically used to treat hypertension and has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects on gefitinib-induced pneumonia in rats. However, the potential therapeutic effects of valsartan on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI remain unclear. This study investigated the protective role of valsartan in LPS-induced ALI and its underlying mechanisms. Methods: LPS-treated BEAS-2B cells and ALI mouse model were established. BEAS-2B cells were treated with LPS (10 μg/mL) for 24h, with or without valsartan (20, 40, and 80 µM). For ALI mouse models, LPS (5 mg/kg) was administered through intratracheal injection to treat the mice for 24h, and valsartan (10 or 30 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally twice 2 h before and 12 h after the LPS injection. Pulmonary functional parameters were examined by an EMKA pulmonary system. Hematoxylin and eosin staining, flow cytometry, CCK-8 assay, qRT-PCR, ELISA, immunofluorescence, Western blotting, and related commercial kits were used to assess the pathological damage to the lungs, neutrophil recruitment in the lung tissue and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), cell viability, inflammation, oxidative activity, and mucus production, respectively. Potential mechanisms were further explored using network pharmacology and Western blotting. Results: Valsartan rescued LPS-reduced cell viability of BEAS-2B cells, improved the pulmonary function, ameliorated pathological lung injury in mice with ALI, ameliorated LPS-induced neutrophil recruitment in BALF and lung tissue of mice, attenuated oxidative stress by increasing the level of SOD and decreasing that of MDA and GSSG, inhibited LPS-induced MUC5AC overproduction, decreased the LPS-induced increase in expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines including TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, CXCL-1 and CXCL-2, and restored the expression of anti-inflammatory IL-10. Mechanistic studies showed that valsartan inhibits LPS-induced phosphorylation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κΒ) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) including P38, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) in both LPS-treated cells and the mouse model of ALI. Conclusion: Valsartan protects against LPS-induced ALI by attenuating oxidative stress, reducing MUC5AC production, and attenuating the inflammatory response that may involve MAPK and NF-κΒ pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ling Meng
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qinke He
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chunguang Ren
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Changyi Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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19
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Brown S, Evans SJ, Burgum MJ, Meldrum K, Herridge J, Akinbola B, Harris LG, Jenkins R, Doak SH, Clift MJD, Wilkinson TS. An In Vitro Model to Assess Early Immune Markers Following Co-Exposure of Epithelial Cells to Carbon Black (Nano)Particles in the Presence of S. aureus: A Role for Stressed Cells in Toxicological Testing. Biomedicines 2024; 12:128. [PMID: 38255233 PMCID: PMC10813740 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12010128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The exposure of human lung and skin to carbon black (CB) is continuous due to its widespread applications. Current toxicological testing uses 'healthy' cellular systems; however, questions remain whether this mimics the everyday stresses that human cells are exposed to, including infection. Staphylococcus aureus lung and skin infections remain prevalent in society, and include pneumonia and atopic dermatitis, respectively, but current in vitro toxicological testing does not consider infection stress. Therefore, investigating the effects of CB co-exposure in 'stressed' infected epithelial cells in vitro may better approximate true toxicity. This work aims to study the impact of CB exposure during Staphylococcus aureus infection stress in A549 (lung) and HaCaT (skin) epithelial cells. Physicochemical characterisation of CB confirmed its dramatic polydispersity and potential to aggregate. CB significantly inhibited S. aureus growth in cell culture media. CB did not induce cytokines or antimicrobial peptides from lung and skin epithelial cells, when given alone, but did reduce HaCaT and A549 cell viability to 55% and 77%, respectively. In contrast, S. aureus induced a robust interleukin (IL)-8 response in both lung and skin epithelial cells. IL-6 and human beta defensin (hβD)-2 could only be detected when cells were stimulated with S. aureus with no decreases in cell viability. However, co-exposure to CB (100 µg/mL) and S. aureus resulted in significant inhibition of IL-8 (compared to S. aureus alone) without further reduction in cell viability. Furthermore, the same co-exposure induced significantly more hβD-2 (compared to S. aureus alone). This work confirms that toxicological testing in healthy versus stressed cells gives significantly different responses. This has significant implications for toxicological testing and suggests that cell stresses (including infection) should be included in current models to better represent the diversity of cell viabilities found in lung and skin within a general population. This model will have significant application when estimating CB exposure in at-risk groups, such as factory workers, the elderly, and the immunocompromised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Brown
- Microbiology and Infectious Disease, Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School (SUMS), Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Stephen J. Evans
- In Vitro Toxicology Group, Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School (SUMS), Swansea SA2 8PP, UK (M.J.D.C.)
| | - Michael J. Burgum
- In Vitro Toxicology Group, Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School (SUMS), Swansea SA2 8PP, UK (M.J.D.C.)
| | - Kirsty Meldrum
- In Vitro Toxicology Group, Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School (SUMS), Swansea SA2 8PP, UK (M.J.D.C.)
| | - Jack Herridge
- Microbiology and Infectious Disease, Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School (SUMS), Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Blessing Akinbola
- Microbiology and Infectious Disease, Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School (SUMS), Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Llinos G. Harris
- Microbiology and Infectious Disease, Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School (SUMS), Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Rowena Jenkins
- Microbiology and Infectious Disease, Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School (SUMS), Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Shareen H. Doak
- In Vitro Toxicology Group, Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School (SUMS), Swansea SA2 8PP, UK (M.J.D.C.)
| | - Martin J. D. Clift
- In Vitro Toxicology Group, Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School (SUMS), Swansea SA2 8PP, UK (M.J.D.C.)
| | - Thomas S. Wilkinson
- Microbiology and Infectious Disease, Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School (SUMS), Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
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20
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Guo Y, Zhou J, Wang Y, Wu X, Mou Y, Song X. Cell type-specific molecular mechanisms and implications of necroptosis in inflammatory respiratory diseases. Immunol Rev 2024; 321:52-70. [PMID: 37897080 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Necroptosis is generally considered as an inflammatory cell death form. The core regulators of necroptotic signaling are receptor-interacting serine-threonine protein kinases 1 (RIPK1) and RIPK3, and the executioner, mixed lineage kinase domain-like pseudokinase (MLKL). Evidence demonstrates that necroptosis contributes profoundly to inflammatory respiratory diseases that are common public health problem. Necroptosis occurs in nearly all pulmonary cell types in the settings of inflammatory respiratory diseases. The influence of necroptosis on cells varies depending upon the type of cells, tissues, organs, etc., which is an important factor to consider. Thus, in this review, we briefly summarize the current state of knowledge regarding the biology of necroptosis, and focus on the key molecular mechanisms that define the necroptosis status of specific cell types in inflammatory respiratory diseases. We also discuss the clinical potential of small molecular inhibitors of necroptosis in treating inflammatory respiratory diseases, and describe the pathological processes that engage cross talk between necroptosis and other cell death pathways in the context of respiratory inflammation. The rapid advancement of single-cell technologies will help understand the key mechanisms underlying cell type-specific necroptosis that are critical to effectively treat pathogenic lung infections and inflammatory respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Guo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Jin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Spatiotemporal Single-Cell Technologies and Translational Medicine, Yantai, Shandong, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Yaqi Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Xueliang Wu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei, China
- Tumor Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei, China
| | - Yakui Mou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai, Shandong, China
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Xicheng Song
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Spatiotemporal Single-Cell Technologies and Translational Medicine, Yantai, Shandong, China
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21
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Sponchiado M, Bonilla AL, Mata L, Jasso-Johnson K, Liao YSJ, Fagan A, Moncada V, Reznikov LR. Club cell CREB regulates the goblet cell transcriptional network and pro-mucin effects of IL-1B. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1323865. [PMID: 38173934 PMCID: PMC10761479 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1323865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Club cells are precursors for mucus-producing goblet cells. Interleukin 1β (IL-1B) is an inflammatory mediator with pro-mucin activities that increases the number of mucus-producing goblet cells. IL-1B-mediated mucin production in alveolar adenocarcinoma cells requires activation of the cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB). Whether the pro-mucin activities of IL-1B require club cell CREB is unknown. Methods: We challenged male mice with conditional loss of club cell Creb1 and wild type littermates with intra-airway IL-1B or vehicle. Secondarily, we studied human "club cell-like" H322 cells. Results: IL-1B increased whole lung mRNA of secreted (Mucin 5ac, Mucin 5b) and tethered (Mucin 1, Mucin 4) mucins independent of genotype. However, loss of club cell Creb1 increased whole lung mRNA of member RAS oncogene family (Rab3D), decreased mRNA of the muscarinic receptor 3 (M3R) and prevented IL-1B mediated increases in purinergic receptor P2Y, (P2ry2) mRNA. IL-1B increased the density of goblet cells containing neutral mucins in wildtype mice but not in mice with loss of club cell Creb1. These findings suggested that club cell Creb1 regulated mucin secretion. Loss of club cell Creb1 also prevented IL-1B-mediated impairments in airway mechanics. Four days of pharmacologic CREB inhibition in H322 cells increased mRNA abundance of forkhead box A2 (FOXA2), a repressor of goblet cell expansion, and decreased mRNA expression of SAM pointed domain containing ETS transcription factor (SPDEF), a driver of goblet cell expansion. Chromatin immunoprecipitation demonstrated that CREB directly bound to the promoter region of FOXA2, but not to the promoter region of SPDEF. Treatment of H322 cells with IL-1B increased cAMP levels, providing a direct link between IL-1B and CREB signaling. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that club cell Creb1 regulates the pro-mucin properties of IL-1B through pathways likely involving FOXA2.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Leah R. Reznikov
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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22
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Ramadan Q, Hazaymeh R, Zourob M. Immunity-on-a-Chip: Integration of Immune Components into the Scheme of Organ-on-a-Chip Systems. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2023; 7:e2200312. [PMID: 36866511 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202200312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Studying the immune system in vitro aims to understand how, when, and where the immune cells migrate/differentiate and respond to the various triggering events and the decision points along the immune response journey. It becomes evident that organ-on-a-chip (OOC) technology has a superior capability to recapitulate the cell-cell and tissue-tissue interaction in the body, with a great potential to provide tools for tracking the paracrine signaling with high spatial-temporal precision and implementing in situ real-time, non-destructive detection assays, therefore, enabling extraction of mechanistic information rather than phenotypic information. However, despite the rapid development in this technology, integration of the immune system into OOC devices stays among the least navigated tasks, with immune cells still the major missing components in the developed models. This is mainly due to the complexity of the immune system and the reductionist methodology of the OOC modules. Dedicated research in this field is demanded to establish the understanding of mechanism-based disease endotypes rather than phenotypes. Herein, we systemically present a synthesis of the state-of-the-art of immune-cantered OOC technology. We comprehensively outlined what is achieved and identified the technology gaps emphasizing the missing components required to establish immune-competent OOCs and bridge these gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qasem Ramadan
- Alfaisal University, Riyadh, 11533, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Rana Hazaymeh
- Almaarefa University, Diriyah, 13713, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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23
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Joshua V, Loberg Haarhaus M, Hensvold A, Wähämaa H, Gerstner C, Hansson M, Israelsson L, Stålesen R, Sköld M, Grunewald J, Klareskog L, Grönwall C, Réthi B, Catrina A, Malmström V. Rheumatoid Arthritis-Specific Autoimmunity in the Lung Before and at the Onset of Disease. Arthritis Rheumatol 2023; 75:1910-1922. [PMID: 37192126 DOI: 10.1002/art.42549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The lung is implicated as a site for breach of tolerance prior to onset of seropositive rheumatoid arthritis (RA). To substantiate this, we investigated lung-resident B cells in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples from untreated early RA patients and anti-citrullinated protein antibody (ACPA)-positive individuals at risk for developing RA. METHODS Single B cells (n = 7,680) were phenotyped and isolated from BAL samples from individuals at risk of RA (n = 3) and at RA diagnosis (n = 9). The immunoglobulin variable region transcripts were sequenced and selected for expression as monoclonal antibodies (n = 141). Monoclonal ACPAs were tested for reactivity patterns and binding to neutrophils. RESULTS Using our single-cell approach, we found significantly increased proportions of B lymphocytes in ACPA+ compared to ACPA- individuals. Memory and double-negative B cells were prominent in all subgroups. Upon antibody re-expression, 7 highly mutated citrulline-autoreactive clones originating from different memory B cell subsets were identified, both in individuals at risk of RA and early RA patients. Lung IgG variable gene transcripts from ACPA+ individuals carried frequent mutation-induced N-linked Fab glycosylation sites (P < 0.001), often in the framework 3 of the variable region. Two of the lung ACPAs bound to activated neutrophils, 1 from an individual at risk of RA and 1 from an early RA patient. CONCLUSION T cell-driven B cell differentiation resulting in local class switching and somatic hypermutation are evident in lungs before as well as in early stages of ACPA+ RA. Our findings add to the notion of lung mucosa being a site for initiation of citrulline autoimmunity preceding seropositive RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Joshua
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Malena Loberg Haarhaus
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Aase Hensvold
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Heidi Wähämaa
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christina Gerstner
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Monika Hansson
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lena Israelsson
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ragnhild Stålesen
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Magnus Sköld
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, and Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Grunewald
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Klareskog
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Caroline Grönwall
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bence Réthi
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anca Catrina
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vivianne Malmström
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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24
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Barada O, Salomé-Desnoulez S, Madouri F, Deslée G, Coraux C, Gosset P, Pichavant M. IL-20 Cytokines Are Involved in the Repair of Airway Epithelial Barrier: Implication in Exposure to Cigarette Smoke and in COPD Pathology. Cells 2023; 12:2464. [PMID: 37887308 PMCID: PMC10604979 DOI: 10.3390/cells12202464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysregulated inflammation as seen in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with impaired wound healing. IL-20 cytokines are known to be involved in wound healing processes. The purpose of this study was to use ex vivo and in vitro approaches mimicking COPD to evaluate the potential modulatory role of interleukin-20 (IL-20) on the inflammatory and healing responses to epithelial wounding. METHODS The expression of IL-20 cytokines and their receptors was investigated in lung-derived samples collected from non-COPD and COPD patients, from mice chronically exposed to cigarette smoke and from airway epithelial cells from humans and mice exposed in vitro to cigarette smoke. To investigate the role of IL-20 cytokines in wound healing, experiments were performed using a blocking anti-IL-20Rb antibody. RESULTS Of interest, IL-20 cytokines and their receptors were expressed in bronchial mucosa, especially on airway epithelial cells. Their expression correlated with the disease severity. Blocking these cytokines in a COPD context improved the repair processes after a lesion induced by scratching the epithelial layer. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, this study highlights the implication of IL-20 cytokines in the repair of the airway epithelium and in the pathology of COPD. IL-20 subfamily cytokines might provide therapeutic benefit for patients with COPD to improve epithelial healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Barada
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille; Université Lille Nord de France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 9017; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1019, 59019 Lille, France; (O.B.); (F.M.); (P.G.)
| | - Sophie Salomé-Desnoulez
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Université de Lille, CNRS UMR9017, Inserm U1019, CHU Lille, US 41—UAR 2014—PLBS, 59000 Lille, France;
| | - Fahima Madouri
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille; Université Lille Nord de France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 9017; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1019, 59019 Lille, France; (O.B.); (F.M.); (P.G.)
| | - Gaëtan Deslée
- Service de Pneumologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims, 51092 Reims, France;
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR-S 1250, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA), SFR Cap-Santé, 51100 Reims, France;
| | - Christelle Coraux
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR-S 1250, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA), SFR Cap-Santé, 51100 Reims, France;
| | - Philippe Gosset
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille; Université Lille Nord de France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 9017; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1019, 59019 Lille, France; (O.B.); (F.M.); (P.G.)
| | - Muriel Pichavant
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille; Université Lille Nord de France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 9017; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1019, 59019 Lille, France; (O.B.); (F.M.); (P.G.)
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25
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Xue-Meng C, Gao-Wang L, Xiao-Mei L, Fan-Fang Z, Jin-Fang X. Effect of mechanical ventilation under intubation on respiratory tract change of bacterial count and alteration of bacterial flora. Exp Lung Res 2023; 49:165-177. [PMID: 37789686 DOI: 10.1080/01902148.2023.2264947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Background: The most common 'second strike' in mechanically ventilated patients is a pulmonary infection caused by the ease with which bacteria can invade and colonize the lungs due to mechanical ventilation. At the same time, metastasis of lower airway microbiota may have significant implications in developing intubation mechanical ventilation lung inflammation. Thus, we establish a rat model of tracheal intubation with mechanical ventilation and explore the effects of mechanical ventilation on lung injury and microbiological changes in rats. To provide a reference for preventing and treating bacterial flora imbalance and pulmonary infection injury caused by mechanical ventilation of tracheal intubation. Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into Control, Mechanical ventilation under intubation (1, 3, 6 h) groups, and Spontaneously breathing under intubation (1, 3, 6 h). Lung histopathological injury scores were evaluated. 16SrDNA sequencing was performed to explore respiratory microbiota changes, especially, changes of bacterial count and alteration of bacterial flora. Results: Compared to groups C and SV, critical pathological changes in pulmonary lesions occurred in the MV group after 6 h (p < 0.05). The Alpha diversity and Beta diversity of lower respiratory tract microbiota in MV6, SV6, and C groups were statistically significant (p < 0.05). The main dominant bacterial phyla in the respiratory tract of rats were Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Cyanobacteria. Acinetobacter radioresistens in group C was significant, Megaonas in group MV6 was significantly increased, and Parvibacter in group SV6 was significantly increased. Anaerobic, biofilm formation, and Gram-negative bacteria-related functional genes were altered during mechanical ventilation with endotracheal intubation. Conclusion: Mechanical ventilation under intubation may cause dysregulation of lower respiratory microbiota in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Xue-Meng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Deyang People's Hospital, Deyang, Sichuan, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Liu Gao-Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ling Xiao-Mei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zeng Fan-Fang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao Jin-Fang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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26
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Cai J, Tao H, Liu H, Hu Y, Han S, Pu W, Li L, Li G, Li C, Zhang J. Intrinsically bioactive and biomimetic nanoparticle-derived therapies alleviate asthma by regulating multiple pathological cells. Bioact Mater 2023; 28:12-26. [PMID: 37214258 PMCID: PMC10193170 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a serious global public health concern. Airway neutrophilic inflammation is closely related to severe asthma, for which effective and safe therapies remain to be developed. Here we report nanotherapies capable of simultaneously regulating multiple target cells relevant to the pathogenesis of neutrophilic asthma. A nanotherapy LaCD NP based on a cyclic oligosaccharide-derived bioactive material was engineered. LaCD NP effectively accumulated in the injured lungs of asthmatic mice and mainly distributed in neutrophils, macrophages, and airway epithelial cells after intravenous or inhalation delivery, thereby ameliorating asthmatic symptoms and attenuating pulmonary neutrophilic inflammation as well as reducing airway hyperresponsiveness, remodeling, and mucus production. Surface engineering via neutrophil cell membrane further enhanced targeting and therapeutic effects of LaCD NP. Mechanistically, LaCD NP can inhibit the recruitment and activation of neutrophils, especially reducing the neutrophil extracellular traps formation and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in neutrophils. Also, LaCD NP can suppress macrophage-mediated pro-inflammatory responses and prevent airway epithelial cell death and smooth muscle cell proliferation, by mitigating neutrophilic inflammation and its direct effects on relevant cells. Importantly, LaCD NP showed good safety performance. Consequently, LaCD-derived multi-bioactive nanotherapies are promising for effective treatment of neutrophilic asthma and other neutrophil-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajun Cai
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, PR China
| | - Hui Tao
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, PR China
| | - Huan Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, PR China
| | - Yi Hu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, PR China
| | - Songling Han
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, PR China
| | - Wendan Pu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, PR China
| | - Lanlan Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, PR China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, PR China
| | - Chenwen Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, PR China
| | - Jianxiang Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, PR China
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27
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Otter CJ, Fausto A, Tan LH, Weiss SR, Cohen NA. Infection of Primary Nasal Epithelial Cells Grown at an Air-Liquid Interface to Characterize Human Coronavirus-Host Interactions. J Vis Exp 2023:10.3791/64868. [PMID: 37811957 PMCID: PMC10811614 DOI: 10.3791/64868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Three highly pathogenic human coronaviruses (HCoVs) - SARS-CoV (2002), MERS-CoV (2012), and SARS-CoV-2 (2019) - have emerged and caused significant public health crises in the past 20 years. Four additional HCoVs cause a significant portion of common cold cases each year (HCoV-NL63, -229E, -OC43, and -HKU1), highlighting the importance of studying these viruses in physiologically relevant systems. HCoVs enter the respiratory tract and establish infection in the nasal epithelium, the primary site encountered by all respiratory pathogens. We use a primary nasal epithelial culture system in which patient-derived nasal samples are grown at an air-liquid interface (ALI) to study host-pathogen interactions at this important sentinel site. These cultures recapitulate many features of the in vivo airway, including the cell types present, ciliary function, and mucus production. We describe methods to characterize viral replication, host cell tropism, virus-induced cytotoxicity, and innate immune induction in nasal ALI cultures following HCoV infection, using recent work comparing lethal and seasonal HCoVs as an example1. An increased understanding of host-pathogen interactions in the nose has the potential to provide novel targets for antiviral therapeutics against HCoVs and other respiratory viruses that will likely emerge in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clayton J Otter
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania; Penn Center for Research on Coronaviruses and Other Emerging Pathogens, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Alejandra Fausto
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania; Penn Center for Research on Coronaviruses and Other Emerging Pathogens, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Li Hui Tan
- Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania; Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center
| | - Susan R Weiss
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania; Penn Center for Research on Coronaviruses and Other Emerging Pathogens, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Noam A Cohen
- Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania; Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center;
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28
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Cao QT, Ishak M, Shpilman I, Hirota JA. TNF-α and Poly(I:C) induction of A20 and activation of NF-κB signaling are independent of ABCF1 in human airway epithelial cells. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14745. [PMID: 37679460 PMCID: PMC10485056 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41990-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
ABCF1 is the most characterized member of the ABCF family in eukaryotes with proposed functions related to innate immunity in fibroblasts, macrophages, and epithelial cells. Currently, a mechanistic link between ABCF1 and immune responses in human airway epithelial cells (HAECs) remains to be clearly defined. The present study aimed at characterizing the function of ABCF1 in the context of nuclear factor nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) mediated pro-inflammatory responses in an immortalized human airway epithelial cell line, HBEC-6KT. We demonstrated that with ABCF1 silencing under basal conditions, TNF Alpha Induced Protein 3 (TNFAIP3/A20) protein expression and downstream expression and activation of transcription factors, NF-κB and Interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF-3), were not disrupted. We followed with investigations of ABCF1 function under a pro-inflammatory stimuli that are known to be regulated by A20. We demonstrated that under Polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (Poly(I:C)) and tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α) challenge with ABCF1 silencing, there was a significant reduction in secreted levels of interleukin-8 (IL-8) and a trend for reduced IL-6. However, we observed no changes to the expression levels of A20 and the activation status of the transcription factors, NF-κB and IRF-3. Collectively, these studies demonstrate that Poly(I:C) and TNF-α induced IL-8 is regulated by ABCF1 via pathways independent of NF-κB and IRF-3 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quynh T Cao
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Mira Ishak
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Israel Shpilman
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Jeremy A Hirota
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
- Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8N 4A6, Canada.
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada.
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6H 3Z6, Canada.
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29
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Chatziparasidis G, Bush A, Chatziparasidi MR, Kantar A. Airway epithelial development and function: A key player in asthma pathogenesis? Paediatr Respir Rev 2023; 47:51-61. [PMID: 37330410 DOI: 10.1016/j.prrv.2023.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Though asthma is a common and relatively easy to diagnose disease, attempts at primary or secondary prevention, and cure, have been disappointing. The widespread use of inhaled steroids has dramatically improved asthma control but has offered nothing in terms of altering long-term outcomes or reversing airway remodeling and impairment in lung function. The inability to cure asthma is unsurprising given our limited understanding of the factors that contribute to disease initiation and persistence. New data have focused on the airway epithelium as a potentially key factor orchestrating the different stages of asthma. In this review we summarize for the clinician the current evidence on the central role of the airway epithelium in asthma pathogenesis and the factors that may alter epithelial integrity and functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grigorios Chatziparasidis
- Paediatric Respiratory Unit, IASO Hospital, Larissa, Thessaly, Greece; Faculty of Nursing, Thessaly University, Greece.
| | - Andrew Bush
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | - Ahmad Kantar
- Pediatric Asthma and Cough Centre, Instituti Ospedalieri Bergamaschi, University and Research Hospitals, Bergamo, Italy
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30
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Di Sano C, Di Vincenzo S, Lo Piparo D, D'Anna C, Taverna S, Lazzara V, Pinto P, Sortino F, Pace E. Effects of condensates from volcanic fumaroles and cigarette smoke extracts on airway epithelial cells. Hum Cell 2023; 36:1689-1702. [PMID: 37308740 PMCID: PMC10390407 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-023-00927-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The impact of volcanic airborne products on airway epithelium homeostasis is largely unknown. This study assessed the effects of volcanic Fumarole Condensates (FC) alone or combined with Cigarette Smoke Extracts (CSE) on airway epithelial cells (16HBE and A549). Chemical composition of FC was analyzed by gas chromatography and HPLC. Cells were exposed to FC and IL-33 and IL-8 were assessed. The effects of FC and CSE on cell injury were evaluated assessing cell metabolism/cell viability, mitochondrial stress, cell apoptosis/cell necrosis, and cell proliferation. FC contained: water vapor (70-97%), CO2 (3-30%), acid gases (H2S, SO2, HCl, HF) around 1%. FC increased the intracellular IL-33 but differently modulated IL-33 and IL-8 gene expression and IL-8 release in the tested cell lines. FC without/with CSE: (a) increased cell metabolism/cell viability in 16HBE, while decreased it in A549; (b) increased mitochondrial stress in both cell types. FC with CSE increased cell necrosis in A549 in comparison to CSE alone. CSE reduced cell proliferation in 16HB,E while increased it in A549 and FC counteracted these effects in both cell types. Overall, FC induce a pro-inflammatory profile associated to a metabolic reprogramming without a relevant toxicity also in presence of CSE in airway epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Di Sano
- Istituto di Farmacologia Traslazionale (IFT), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Ugo La Malfa, 153, 90146, Palermo, Italy
| | - Serena Di Vincenzo
- Istituto di Farmacologia Traslazionale (IFT), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Ugo La Malfa, 153, 90146, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Doriana Lo Piparo
- Istituto per la Ricerca e l'Innovazione Biomedica (IRIB), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Palermo, Italy
| | - Claudia D'Anna
- Istituto di Farmacologia Traslazionale (IFT), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Ugo La Malfa, 153, 90146, Palermo, Italy
| | - Simona Taverna
- Istituto di Farmacologia Traslazionale (IFT), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Ugo La Malfa, 153, 90146, Palermo, Italy
| | - Valentina Lazzara
- Dipartimento Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, di Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza "G. D'Alessandro" (PROMISE), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Paola Pinto
- Dipartimento Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, di Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza "G. D'Alessandro" (PROMISE), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Sortino
- Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV), Palermo, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Pace
- Istituto di Farmacologia Traslazionale (IFT), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Ugo La Malfa, 153, 90146, Palermo, Italy.
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Albano GD, Montalbano AM, Gagliardo R, Profita M. Autophagy/Mitophagy in Airway Diseases: Impact of Oxidative Stress on Epithelial Cells. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1217. [PMID: 37627282 PMCID: PMC10452925 DOI: 10.3390/biom13081217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is the key process by which the cell degrades parts of itself within the lysosomes. It maintains cell survival and homeostasis by removing molecules (particularly proteins), subcellular organelles, damaged cytoplasmic macromolecules, and by recycling the degradation products. The selective removal or degradation of mitochondria is a particular type of autophagy called mitophagy. Various forms of cellular stress (oxidative stress (OS), hypoxia, pathogen infections) affect autophagy by inducing free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation to promote the antioxidant response. Dysfunctional mechanisms of autophagy have been found in different respiratory diseases such as chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD) and asthma, involving epithelial cells. Several existing clinically approved drugs may modulate autophagy to varying extents. However, these drugs are nonspecific and not currently utilized to manipulate autophagy in airway diseases. In this review, we provide an overview of different autophagic pathways with particular attention on the dysfunctional mechanisms of autophagy in the epithelial cells during asthma and COPD. Our aim is to further deepen and disclose the research in this direction to stimulate the develop of new and selective drugs to regulate autophagy for asthma and COPD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giusy Daniela Albano
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Section of Palermo, Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy; (A.M.M.); (R.G.); (M.P.)
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Sudduth ER, Trautmann-Rodriguez M, Gill N, Bomb K, Fromen CA. Aerosol pulmonary immune engineering. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 199:114831. [PMID: 37100206 PMCID: PMC10527166 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.114831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Aerosolization of immunotherapies poses incredible potential for manipulating the local mucosal-specific microenvironment, engaging specialized pulmonary cellular defenders, and accessing mucosal associated lymphoid tissue to redirect systemic adaptive and memory responses. In this review, we breakdown key inhalable immunoengineering strategies for chronic, genetic, and infection-based inflammatory pulmonary disorders, encompassing the historic use of immunomodulatory agents, the transition to biological inspired or derived treatments, and novel approaches of complexing these materials into drug delivery vehicles for enhanced release outcomes. Alongside a brief description of key immune targets, fundamentals of aerosol drug delivery, and preclinical pulmonary models for immune response, we survey recent advances of inhaled immunotherapy platforms, ranging from small molecules and biologics to particulates and cell therapies, as well as prophylactic vaccines. In each section, we address the formulation design constraints for aerosol delivery as well as advantages for each platform in driving desirable immune modifications. Finally, prospects of clinical translation and outlook for inhaled immune engineering are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma R Sudduth
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | | | - Nicole Gill
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Kartik Bomb
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Catherine A Fromen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA.
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33
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Schichlein KD, Smith GJ, Jaspers I. Protective effects of inhaled antioxidants against air pollution-induced pathological responses. Respir Res 2023; 24:187. [PMID: 37443038 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-023-02490-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
As the public health burden of air pollution continues to increase, new strategies to mitigate harmful health effects are needed. Dietary antioxidants have previously been explored to protect against air pollution-induced lung injury producing inconclusive results. Inhaled (pulmonary or nasal) administration of antioxidants presents a more promising approach as it could directly increase antioxidant levels in the airway surface liquid (ASL), providing protection against oxidative damage from air pollution. Several antioxidants have been shown to exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-microbial properties in in vitro and in vivo models of air pollution exposure; however, little work has been done to translate these basic research findings into practice. This narrative review summarizes these findings and data from human studies using inhaled antioxidants in response to air pollution, which have produced positive results, indicating further investigation is warranted. In addition to human studies, cell and murine studies should be conducted using more relevant models of exposure such as air-liquid interface (ALI) cultures of primary cells and non-aqueous apical delivery of antioxidants and pollutants. Inhalation of antioxidants shows promise as a protective intervention to prevent air pollution-induced lung injury and exacerbation of existing lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin D Schichlein
- Curriculum in Toxicology and Environmental Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 116 Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7310, USA
| | - Gregory J Smith
- Curriculum in Toxicology and Environmental Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 116 Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7310, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Ilona Jaspers
- Curriculum in Toxicology and Environmental Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 116 Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7310, USA.
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
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34
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Leach T, Gandhi U, Reeves KD, Stumpf K, Okuda K, Marini FC, Walker SJ, Boucher R, Chan J, Cox LA, Atala A, Murphy SV. Development of a novel air-liquid interface airway tissue equivalent model for in vitro respiratory modeling studies. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10137. [PMID: 37349353 PMCID: PMC10287689 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36863-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The human airways are complex structures with important interactions between cells, extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins and the biomechanical microenvironment. A robust, well-differentiated in vitro culture system that accurately models these interactions would provide a useful tool for studying normal and pathological airway biology. Here, we report the development and characterization of a physiologically relevant air-liquid interface (ALI) 3D airway 'organ tissue equivalent' (OTE) model with three novel features: native pulmonary fibroblasts, solubilized lung ECM, and hydrogel substrate with tunable stiffness and porosity. We demonstrate the versatility of the OTE model by evaluating the impact of these features on human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cell phenotype. Variations of this model were analyzed during 28 days of ALI culture by evaluating epithelial confluence, trans-epithelial electrical resistance, and epithelial phenotype via multispectral immuno-histochemistry and next-generation sequencing. Cultures that included both solubilized lung ECM and native pulmonary fibroblasts within the hydrogel substrate formed well-differentiated ALI cultures that maintained a barrier function and expressed mature epithelial markers relating to goblet, club, and ciliated cells. Modulation of hydrogel stiffness did not negatively impact HBE differentiation and could be a valuable variable to alter epithelial phenotype. This study highlights the feasibility and versatility of a 3D airway OTE model to model the multiple components of the human airway 3D microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Leach
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center, Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, 391 Technology Way, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Virginia Tech-Wake Forest School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Uma Gandhi
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center, Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, 391 Technology Way, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA
| | - Kimberly D Reeves
- Center for Precision Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Kristina Stumpf
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center, Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, 391 Technology Way, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA
| | - Kenichi Okuda
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Frank C Marini
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center, Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, 391 Technology Way, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA
| | - Stephen J Walker
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center, Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, 391 Technology Way, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA
| | - Richard Boucher
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Jeannie Chan
- Center for Precision Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Laura A Cox
- Center for Precision Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Anthony Atala
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center, Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, 391 Technology Way, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Virginia Tech-Wake Forest School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Sean V Murphy
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center, Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, 391 Technology Way, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA.
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Virginia Tech-Wake Forest School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.
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35
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Tian E, Syed ZA, Edin ML, Zeldin DC, Ten Hagen KG. Dynamic expression of mucins and the genes controlling mucin-type O-glycosylation within the mouse respiratory system. Glycobiology 2023; 33:476-489. [PMID: 37115803 PMCID: PMC10284109 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwad031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 global pandemic has underscored the need to understand how viruses and other pathogens are able to infect and replicate within the respiratory system. Recent studies have highlighted the role of highly O-glycosylated mucins in the protection of the respiratory system as well as how mucin-type O-glycosylation may be able to modify viral infectivity. Therefore, we set out to identify the specific genes controlling mucin-type O-glycosylation throughout the mouse respiratory system as well as determine how their expression and the expression of respiratory mucins is influenced by infection or injury. Here, we show that certain mucins and members of the Galnt family are abundantly expressed in specific respiratory tissues/cells and demonstrate unique patterns of O-glycosylation across diverse respiratory tissues. Moreover, we find that the expression of certain Galnts and mucins is altered during lung infection and injury in experimental mice challenged with infectious agents, toxins, and allergens. Finally, we examine gene expression changes of Galnts and mucins in a mouse model of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Our work provides foundational knowledge regarding the specific expression of Galnt enzyme family members and mucins throughout the respiratory system, and how their expression is altered upon lung infection and injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Tian
- Developmental Glycobiology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-4370, USA
| | - Zulfeqhar A Syed
- Developmental Glycobiology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-4370, USA
| | - Matthew L Edin
- Division of Intramural Research, NIEHS, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC 27514, USA
| | - Darryl C Zeldin
- Division of Intramural Research, NIEHS, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC 27514, USA
| | - Kelly G Ten Hagen
- Developmental Glycobiology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-4370, USA
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36
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Kohl Y, Müller M, Fink M, Mamier M, Fürtauer S, Drexel R, Herrmann C, Dähnhardt-Pfeiffer S, Hornberger R, Arz MI, Metzger C, Wagner S, Sängerlaub S, Briesen H, Meier F, Krebs T. Development and Characterization of a 96-Well Exposure System for Safety Assessment of Nanomaterials. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2207207. [PMID: 36922728 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202207207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a 96-well exposure system for safety assessment of nanomaterials is developed and characterized using an air-liquid interface lung epithelial model. This system is designed for sequential nebulization. Distribution studies verify the reproducible distribution over all 96 wells, with lower insert-to-insert variability compared to non-sequential application. With a first set of chemicals (TritonX), drugs (Bortezomib), and nanomaterials (silver nanoparticles and (non-)fluorescent crystalline nanocellulose), sequential exposure studies are performed with human lung epithelial cells followed by quantification of the deposited mass and of cell viability. The developed exposure system offers for the first time the possibility of exposing an air-liquid interface model in a 96-well format, resulting in high-throughput rates, combined with the feature for sequential dosing. This exposure system allows the possibility of creating dose-response curves resulting in the generation of more reliable cell-based assay data for many types of applications, such as safety analysis. In addition to chemicals and drugs, nanomaterials with spherical shapes, but also morphologically more complex nanostructures can be exposed sequentially with high efficiency. This allows new perspectives on in vivo-like and animal-free approaches for chemical and pharmaceutical safety assessment, in line with the 3R principle of replacing and reducing animal experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Kohl
- Bioprocessing & Bioanalytics, Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering IBMT, Joseph-von-Fraunhofer-Weg 1, 66280, Sulzbach, Germany
| | - Michelle Müller
- Bioprocessing & Bioanalytics, Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering IBMT, Joseph-von-Fraunhofer-Weg 1, 66280, Sulzbach, Germany
| | - Marielle Fink
- VITROCELL Systems GmbH, Fabrik Sonntag 3, 79183, Waldkirch, Germany
| | - Marc Mamier
- VITROCELL Systems GmbH, Fabrik Sonntag 3, 79183, Waldkirch, Germany
| | - Siegfried Fürtauer
- Materials Development, Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering & Packaging IVV, Giggenhauser Str. 35, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Roland Drexel
- Postnova Analytics GmbH, 86899, Landsberg am Lech, Germany
| | - Christine Herrmann
- Process Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Technical University Munich, Gregor-Mendel-Str. 4, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | | | - Ramona Hornberger
- Materials Development, Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering & Packaging IVV, Giggenhauser Str. 35, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Marius I Arz
- Materials Development, Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering & Packaging IVV, Giggenhauser Str. 35, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Christoph Metzger
- Process Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Technical University Munich, Gregor-Mendel-Str. 4, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Sylvia Wagner
- Bioprocessing & Bioanalytics, Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering IBMT, Joseph-von-Fraunhofer-Weg 1, 66280, Sulzbach, Germany
| | - Sven Sängerlaub
- Materials Development, Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering & Packaging IVV, Giggenhauser Str. 35, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Heiko Briesen
- Process Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Technical University Munich, Gregor-Mendel-Str. 4, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Florian Meier
- Postnova Analytics GmbH, 86899, Landsberg am Lech, Germany
| | - Tobias Krebs
- VITROCELL Systems GmbH, Fabrik Sonntag 3, 79183, Waldkirch, Germany
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Striz I, Golebski K, Strizova Z, Loukides S, Bakakos P, Hanania N, Jesenak M, Diamant Z. New insights into the pathophysiology and therapeutic targets of asthma and comorbid chronic rhinosinusitis with or without nasal polyposis. Clin Sci (Lond) 2023; 137:727-753. [PMID: 37199256 PMCID: PMC10195992 DOI: 10.1042/cs20190281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Asthma and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) or without (CRSsNP) are chronic respiratory diseases. These two disorders often co-exist based on common anatomical, immunological, histopathological, and pathophysiological basis. Usually, asthma with comorbid CRSwNP is driven by type 2 (T2) inflammation which predisposes to more severe, often intractable, disease. In the past two decades, innovative technologies and detection techniques in combination with newly introduced targeted therapies helped shape our understanding of the immunological pathways underlying inflammatory airway diseases and to further identify several distinct clinical and inflammatory subsets to enhance the development of more effective personalized treatments. Presently, a number of targeted biologics has shown clinical efficacy in patients with refractory T2 airway inflammation, including anti-IgE (omalizumab), anti-IL-5 (mepolizumab, reslizumab)/anti-IL5R (benralizumab), anti-IL-4R-α (anti-IL-4/IL-13, dupilumab), and anti-TSLP (tezepelumab). In non-type-2 endotypes, no targeted biologics have consistently shown clinical efficacy so far. Presently, multiple therapeutical targets are being explored including cytokines, membrane molecules and intracellular signalling pathways to further expand current treatment options for severe asthma with and without comorbid CRSwNP. In this review, we discuss existing biologics, those under development and share some views on new horizons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilja Striz
- Department of Clinical and Transplant Immunology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Immunology and Microbiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Subdivision of Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Institute for Postgraduate Education in Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kornel Golebski
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Zuzana Strizova
- Institute of Immunology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Stelios Loukides
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Petros Bakakos
- First Respiratory Medicine Department, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Nicola A. Hanania
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Milos Jesenak
- Department of Pulmonology and Phthisiology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, University Hospital in Martin, Slovakia
- Department of Pediatrics, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, University Hospital in Martin, Slovakia
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, University Hospital in Martin, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Diamant
- Department of Microbiology Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Catholic University of Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Institute for Clinical Science, Skane University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Thomayer Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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Myszor IT, Gudmundsson GH. Modulation of innate immunity in airway epithelium for host-directed therapy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1197908. [PMID: 37251385 PMCID: PMC10213533 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1197908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Innate immunity of the mucosal surfaces provides the first-line defense from invading pathogens and pollutants conferring protection from the external environment. Innate immune system of the airway epithelium consists of several components including the mucus layer, mucociliary clearance of beating cilia, production of host defense peptides, epithelial barrier integrity provided by tight and adherens junctions, pathogen recognition receptors, receptors for chemokines and cytokines, production of reactive oxygen species, and autophagy. Therefore, multiple components interplay with each other for efficient protection from pathogens that still can subvert host innate immune defenses. Hence, the modulation of innate immune responses with different inducers to boost host endogenous front-line defenses in the lung epithelium to fend off pathogens and to enhance epithelial innate immune responses in the immunocompromised individuals is of interest for host-directed therapy. Herein, we reviewed possibilities of modulation innate immune responses in the airway epithelium for host-directed therapy presenting an alternative approach to standard antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona T. Myszor
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biomedical Center, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Gudmundur Hrafn Gudmundsson
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biomedical Center, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Kim HR, Ingram JL, Que LG. Effects of Oxidative Stress on Airway Epithelium Permeability in Asthma and Potential Implications for Patients with Comorbid Obesity. J Asthma Allergy 2023; 16:481-499. [PMID: 37181453 PMCID: PMC10171222 DOI: 10.2147/jaa.s402340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
20 million adults and 4.2 million children in the United States have asthma, a disease resulting in inflammation and airway obstruction in response to various factors, including allergens and pollutants and nonallergic triggers. Obesity, another highly prevalent disease in the US, is a major risk factor for asthma and a significant cause of oxidative stress throughout the body. People with asthma and comorbid obesity are susceptible to developing severe asthma that cannot be sufficiently controlled with current treatments. More research is needed to understand how asthma pathobiology is affected when the patient has comorbid obesity. Because the airway epithelium directly interacts with the outside environment and interacts closely with the immune system, understanding how the airway epithelium of patients with asthma and comorbid obesity is altered compared to that of lean asthma patients will be crucial for developing more effective treatments. In this review, we discuss how oxidative stress plays a role in two chronic inflammatory diseases, obesity and asthma, and propose a mechanism for how these conditions may compromise the airway epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haein R Kim
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jennifer L Ingram
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Loretta G Que
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
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40
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Zhang J, Cheng H, Di Narzo A, Zhu Y, Xie S, Shao X, Zhang Z, Chung SK, Hao K. Profiling Microbiota from Multiple Sites in the Respiratory Tract to Identify a Biomarker for PM 2.5 Nitrate Exposure-Induced Pulmonary Damages. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:7346-7357. [PMID: 37133311 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c08807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The microbiota present in the respiratory tract (RT) responds to environmental stimuli and engages in a continuous interaction with the host immune system to maintain homeostasis. A total of 40 C57BL/6 mice were divided into four groups and exposed to varying concentrations of PM2.5 nitrate aerosol and clean air. After 10 weeks of exposure, assessments were conducted on the lung and airway microbiome, lung functions, and pulmonary inflammation. Additionally, we analyzed data from both mouse and human respiratory tract (RT) microbiomes to identify possible biomarkers for PM2.5 exposure-induced pulmonary damages. On average, 1.5 and 13.5% inter-individual microbiome variations in the lung and airway were explained by exposure, respectively. In the airway, among the 60 bacterial OTUs (operational taxonomic units) > 0.05% proportion, 40 OTUs were significantly affected by PM2.5 exposure (FDR ≤ 10%). Further, the airway microbiome was associated with peak expiratory flow (PEF) (p = 0.003), pulmonary neutrophil counts (p = 0.01), and alveolar 8-OHdG oxidative lesions (p = 0.0078). The Clostridiales order bacteria showed the strongest signals. For example, the o_Clostridiales;f_;g_ OTU was elevated by PM2.5 nitrate exposure (p = 4.98 × 10-5) and negatively correlated with PEF (r = -0.585 and p = 2.4 × 10-4). It was also associated with the higher pulmonary neutrophil count (p = 8.47 × 10-5) and oxidative lesion (p = 7.17 × 10-3). In human data, we confirmed the association of airway Clostridiales order bacteria with PM2.5 exposure and lung function. For the first time, this study characterizes the impact of PM2.5 exposure on the microbiome of multiple sites in the respiratory tract (RT) and its relevance to airflow obstructive diseases. By analyzing data from both humans and mice, we have identified bacteria belonging to the Clostridiales order as a promising biomarker for PM2.5 exposure-induced decline in pulmonary function and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jushan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Haoxiang Cheng
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029-6574, United States
| | - Antonio Di Narzo
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029-6574, United States
| | - Yujie Zhu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Shuanshuan Xie
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Xiaowen Shao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Zhongyang Zhang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029-6574, United States
| | - Sookja Kim Chung
- Medical Faculty, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau SAR 999078, China
| | - Ke Hao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029-6574, United States
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Li K, Mei X, Xu K, Jia L, Zhao P, Tian Y, Li J. Comparative study of cigarette smoke, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and their combination on airway epithelial barrier function in mice. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2023; 38:1133-1142. [PMID: 36757011 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The airway epithelium acts as a physical barrier to protect pulmonary airways against pathogenic microorganisms and toxic substances, such as cigarette smoke (CS), bacteria, and viruses. The disruption of the structural integrity and dysfunction of the airway epithelium is related to the occurrence and progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. PURPOSE The aim of this study is to compare the effects of CS, Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP), and their combination on airway epithelial barrier function. METHODS The mice were exposed to CS, KP, and their combination from 1 to 8 weeks. After the cessation of CS and KP at Week 8, we observed the recovery of epithelial barrier function in mice for an additional 16 weeks. To compare the epithelial barrier function among different groups over time, the mice were sacrificed at Weeks 4, 8, 16, and 24 and then the lungs were harvested to detect the pulmonary pathology, inflammatory cytokines, and tight junction proteins. To determine the underlying mechanisms, the BEAS-2B cells were treated with an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor (AG1478). RESULTS The results of this study suggested that the decreased lung function, increased bronchial wall thickness (BWT), elevated inflammatory factors, and reduced tight junction protein levels were observed at Week 8 in CS-induced mice and these changes persisted until Week 16. In the KP group, increased BWT and elevated inflammatory factors were observed only at Week 8, whereas in the CS + KP group, decreased lung function, lung tissue injury, inflammatory cell infiltration, and epithelial barrier impairment were observed at Week 4 and persisted until Week 24. To further determine the mechanisms of CS, bacteria, and their combination on epithelial barrier injury, we investigated the changes of EGFR and its downstream protein in the lung tissues of mice and BEAS-2B cells. Our research indicated that CS, KP, or their combination could activate EGFR, which can phosphorylate and activate ERK1/2, and this effect was more pronounced in the CS + KP group. Furthermore, the EGFR inhibitor AG1478 suppressed the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and subsequently upregulated the expression of ZO-1 and occludin. In general, these results indicated that the combination of CS and KP caused more severe and enduring damage to epithelial barrier function than CS or KP alone, which might be associated with EGFR/ERK1/2 signaling. CONCLUSION Epithelial barrier injury occurred earlier, was more severe, and had a longer duration when induced by the combination of CS and KP compared with the exposure to CS or KP alone, which might be associated with EGFR/ERK signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangchen Li
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Longhua Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases Co-constructed by Henan Province & Education Ministry of P.R. China, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaofeng Mei
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases Co-constructed by Henan Province & Education Ministry of P.R. China, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Kexin Xu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases Co-constructed by Henan Province & Education Ministry of P.R. China, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lidan Jia
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases Co-constructed by Henan Province & Education Ministry of P.R. China, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases Co-constructed by Henan Province & Education Ministry of P.R. China, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yange Tian
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases Co-constructed by Henan Province & Education Ministry of P.R. China, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiansheng Li
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Longhua Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases Co-constructed by Henan Province & Education Ministry of P.R. China, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
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Otter C, Fausto A, Tan L, Khosla A, Cohen N, Weiss S. Infection of primary nasal epithelial cells differentiates among lethal and seasonal human coronaviruses. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2218083120. [PMID: 37023127 PMCID: PMC10104492 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2218083120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The nasal epithelium is the initial entry portal and primary barrier to infection by all human coronaviruses (HCoVs). We utilize primary human nasal epithelial cells grown at air-liquid interface, which recapitulate the heterogeneous cellular population as well as mucociliary clearance functions of the in vivo nasal epithelium, to compare lethal [Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV-2 and Middle East respiratory syndrome-CoV (MERS-CoV)] and seasonal (HCoV-NL63 and HCoV-229E) HCoVs. All four HCoVs replicate productively in nasal cultures, though replication is differentially modulated by temperature. Infections conducted at 33 °C vs. 37 °C (reflective of temperatures in the upper and lower airway, respectively) revealed that replication of both seasonal HCoVs (HCoV-NL63 and -229E) is significantly attenuated at 37 °C. In contrast, SARS-CoV-2 and MERS-CoV replicate at both temperatures, though SARS-CoV-2 replication is enhanced at 33 °C late in infection. These HCoVs also diverge significantly in terms of cytotoxicity induced following infection, as the seasonal HCoVs as well as SARS-CoV-2 cause cellular cytotoxicity as well as epithelial barrier disruption, while MERS-CoV does not. Treatment of nasal cultures with type 2 cytokine IL-13 to mimic asthmatic airways differentially impacts HCoV receptor availability as well as replication. MERS-CoV receptor DPP4 expression increases with IL-13 treatment, whereas ACE2, the receptor used by SARS-CoV-2 and HCoV-NL63, is down-regulated. IL-13 treatment enhances MERS-CoV and HCoV-229E replication but reduces that of SARS-CoV-2 and HCoV-NL63, reflecting the impact of IL-13 on HCoV receptor availability. This study highlights diversity among HCoVs during infection of the nasal epithelium, which is likely to influence downstream infection outcomes such as disease severity and transmissibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clayton J. Otter
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
- Penn Center for Research on Coronaviruses and Other Emerging Pathogens, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Alejandra Fausto
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
- Penn Center for Research on Coronaviruses and Other Emerging Pathogens, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Li Hui Tan
- Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
- Department of Surgery, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Alisha S. Khosla
- Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
- Department of Surgery, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Noam A. Cohen
- Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
- Department of Surgery, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Susan R. Weiss
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
- Penn Center for Research on Coronaviruses and Other Emerging Pathogens, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
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Panumasvivat J, Pratchayasakul W, Sapbamrer R, Chattipakorn N, Chattipakorn SC. The possible role of particulate matter on the respiratory microbiome: evidence from in vivo to clinical studies. Arch Toxicol 2023; 97:913-930. [PMID: 36781433 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-023-03452-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Environmental pollution, which contains ambient particulate matter, has been shown to have a significant impact on human health and longevity over the past 30 years. Recent studies clearly showed that exposure to particulate matter directly caused adverse effects on the respiratory system via various mechanisms including the accumulation of free radical peroxidation, the imbalance of intercellular calcium regulation, and inflammation, resulting in respiratory diseases. Recent evidence showed the importance of the role of the respiratory microbiome on lung immunity and lung development. In addition, previous studies have confirmed that several chronic respiratory diseases were associated with an alteration in the respiratory microbiome. However, there is still a lack of knowledge with regard to the changes in the respiratory microbiome with regard to the role of particulate matter exposure in respiratory diseases. Therefore, this review aims to summarize and discuss all the in vivo to clinical evidence which investigated the effect of particulate matter exposure on the respiratory microbiome and respiratory diseases. Any contradictory findings are incorporated and discussed. A summary of all these pieces of evidence may offer an insight into a therapeutic approach for the respiratory diseases related to particulate matter exposure and respiratory microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjuta Panumasvivat
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Wasana Pratchayasakul
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Ratana Sapbamrer
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Siriporn C Chattipakorn
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
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44
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Martikainen MV, Huttunen K, Tossavainen T, Nordberg ME, Roponen M. Cattle farm dust alters cytokine levels in human airway construct model. Toxicol In Vitro 2023; 88:105559. [PMID: 36681285 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2023.105559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have revealed some alterations in systemic immunity that associate with farm exposure and the risk of respiratory diseases, but in vitro studies focusing on immunological responses in the airways are scarce. Our aim was to assess how cowshed dust affects the integrity and inflammation of human airway tissue in vitro. Cowshed dust samples were collected from four different dairy farms. Lung tissue constructs were exposed to dust samples in air-liquid interface. Transepithelial resistance of the tissue, secreted proteins, and a panel of pro-inflammatory cytokines, growth factors, and chemokines were analysed. Cowshed dust stimulation was associated mainly with increased production of IL-13, IL-15, IP-10 and IFN-γ. Some differences between farms were seen. Only one farm dust sample induced a significant change in transepithelial resistance, whereas dust from two of the farms induced the secretion of proteins. The exposure to cowshed dust affected protein and cytokine secretion, but the response profiles were not uniform between farms. The effect on tight junction dynamics was less pronounced, suggesting the relevance of soluble factors in induced responses in the airways. Our results indicate that in addition to farm type, the contribution of cowshed characteristics to dust composition and its immunomodulatory properties should be taken into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Viola Martikainen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Kati Huttunen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Environmental Health Unit, Department of Health Security, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tarleena Tossavainen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Maria-Elisa Nordberg
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Marjut Roponen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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Levi N, Papismadov N, Majewska J, Roitman L, Wigoda N, Eilam R, Tsoory M, Rotkopf R, Ovadya Y, Akiva H, Regev O, Krizhanovsky V. p21 facilitates chronic lung inflammation via epithelial and endothelial cells. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:2395-2417. [PMID: 36996500 PMCID: PMC10120903 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a stable state of cell cycle arrest that regulates tissue integrity and protects the organism from tumorigenesis. However, the accumulation of senescent cells during aging contributes to age-related pathologies. One such pathology is chronic lung inflammation. p21 (CDKN1A) regulates cellular senescence via inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). However, its role in chronic lung inflammation and functional impact on chronic lung disease, where senescent cells accumulate, is less understood. To elucidate the role of p21 in chronic lung inflammation, we subjected p21 knockout (p21-/-) mice to repetitive inhalations of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), an exposure that leads to chronic bronchitis and accumulation of senescent cells. p21 knockout led to a reduced presence of senescent cells, alleviated the pathological manifestations of chronic lung inflammation, and improved the fitness of the mice. The expression profiling of the lung cells revealed that resident epithelial and endothelial cells, but not immune cells, play a significant role in mediating the p21-dependent inflammatory response following chronic LPS exposure. Our results implicate p21 as a critical regulator of chronic bronchitis and a driver of chronic airway inflammation and lung destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naama Levi
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Nurit Papismadov
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Julia Majewska
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Lior Roitman
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Noa Wigoda
- Department of Life Sciences Core Facilities, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Raya Eilam
- Department of Veterinary Resources, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Michael Tsoory
- Department of Veterinary Resources, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Ron Rotkopf
- Department of Life Sciences Core Facilities, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Yossi Ovadya
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Hagay Akiva
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Ofer Regev
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Valery Krizhanovsky
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
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Thaler M, Wang Y, van der Does AM, Faiz A, Ninaber DK, Ogando NS, Beckert H, Taube C, Salgado-Benvindo C, Snijder EJ, Bredenbeek PJ, Hiemstra PS, van Hemert MJ. Impact of Changes in Human Airway Epithelial Cellular Composition and Differentiation on SARS-CoV-2 Infection Biology. J Innate Immun 2023; 15:562-580. [PMID: 36966527 PMCID: PMC10315690 DOI: 10.1159/000530374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The consequences of infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can range from asymptomatic to fatal disease. Variations in epithelial susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection depend on the anatomical location from the proximal to distal respiratory tract. However, the cellular biology underlying these variations is not completely understood. Thus, air-liquid interface cultures of well-differentiated primary human tracheal and bronchial epithelial cells were employed to study the impact of epithelial cellular composition and differentiation on SARS-CoV-2 infection by transcriptional (RNA sequencing) and immunofluorescent analyses. Changes of cellular composition were investigated by varying time of differentiation or by using specific compounds. We found that SARS-CoV-2 primarily infected not only ciliated cells but also goblet cells and transient secretory cells. Viral replication was impacted by differences in cellular composition, which depended on culturing time and anatomical origin. A higher percentage of ciliated cells correlated with a higher viral load. However, DAPT treatment, which increased the number of ciliated cells and reduced goblet cells, decreased viral load, indicating the contribution of goblet cells to infection. Cell entry factors, especially cathepsin L and transmembrane protease serine 2, were also affected by differentiation time. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that viral replication is affected by changes in cellular composition, especially in cells related to the mucociliary system. This could explain in part the variable susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection between individuals and between anatomical locations in the respiratory tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Thaler
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Anne M. van der Does
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Alen Faiz
- Respiratory Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology (RBMB), School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Dennis K. Ninaber
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Natacha S. Ogando
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hendrik Beckert
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Medical Center Essen – Ruhrlandklinik, Essen, Germany
| | - Christian Taube
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Medical Center Essen – Ruhrlandklinik, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Eric J. Snijder
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Peter J. Bredenbeek
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter S. Hiemstra
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn J. van Hemert
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Kruckow KL, Zhao K, Bowdish DME, Orihuela CJ. Acute organ injury and long-term sequelae of severe pneumococcal infections. Pneumonia (Nathan) 2023; 15:5. [PMID: 36870980 PMCID: PMC9985869 DOI: 10.1186/s41479-023-00110-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae (Spn) is a major public health problem, as it is a main cause of otitis media, community-acquired pneumonia, bacteremia, sepsis, and meningitis. Acute episodes of pneumococcal disease have been demonstrated to cause organ damage with lingering negative consequences. Cytotoxic products released by the bacterium, biomechanical and physiological stress resulting from infection, and the corresponding inflammatory response together contribute to organ damage accrued during infection. The collective result of this damage can be acutely life-threatening, but among survivors, it also contributes to the long-lasting sequelae of pneumococcal disease. These include the development of new morbidities or exacerbation of pre-existing conditions such as COPD, heart disease, and neurological impairments. Currently, pneumonia is ranked as the 9th leading cause of death, but this estimate only considers short-term mortality and likely underestimates the true long-term impact of disease. Herein, we review the data that indicates damage incurred during acute pneumococcal infection can result in long-term sequelae which reduces quality of life and life expectancy among pneumococcal disease survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine L Kruckow
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Kevin Zhao
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre and the Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Dawn M E Bowdish
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre and the Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Carlos J Orihuela
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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Bessa MJ, Brandão F, Rosário F, Moreira L, Reis AT, Valdiglesias V, Laffon B, Fraga S, Teixeira JP. Assessing the in vitro toxicity of airborne (nano)particles to the human respiratory system: from basic to advanced models. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART B, CRITICAL REVIEWS 2023; 26:67-96. [PMID: 36692141 DOI: 10.1080/10937404.2023.2166638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have been conducted to address the potential adverse health risks attributed to exposure to nanoscale materials. While in vivo studies are fundamental for identifying the relationship between dose and occurrence of adverse effects, in vitro model systems provide important information regarding the mechanism(s) of action at the molecular level. With a special focus on exposure to inhaled (nano)particulate material toxicity assessment, this review provides an overview of the available human respiratory models and exposure systems for in vitro testing, advantages, limitations, and existing investigations using models of different complexity. A brief overview of the human respiratory system, pathway and fate of inhaled (nano)particles is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria João Bessa
- Departamento de Saúde Ambiental, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Porto, Portugal
- EPIUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fátima Brandão
- Departamento de Saúde Ambiental, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Porto, Portugal
- EPIUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernanda Rosário
- Departamento de Saúde Ambiental, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Porto, Portugal
- EPIUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Porto, Portugal
| | - Luciana Moreira
- Departamento de Saúde Ambiental, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Porto, Portugal
- EPIUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Teresa Reis
- Departamento de Saúde Ambiental, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Porto, Portugal
- EPIUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Porto, Portugal
| | - Vanessa Valdiglesias
- Departamento de Biología, Universidade da Coruña, Grupo NanoToxGen, Centro Interdisciplinar de Química e Bioloxía - CICA, A Coruña, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), A Coruña, Spain
| | - Blanca Laffon
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), A Coruña, Spain
- Departamento de Psicología, Universidade da Coruña, Grupo DICOMOSA, Centro Interdisciplinar de Química e Bioloxía - CICA, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Sónia Fraga
- Departamento de Saúde Ambiental, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Porto, Portugal
- EPIUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Porto, Portugal
- Department of Biomedicine, Unit of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - João Paulo Teixeira
- Departamento de Saúde Ambiental, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Porto, Portugal
- EPIUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Porto, Portugal
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Faherty L, Kenny S, Cloonan SM. Iron and mitochondria in the susceptibility, pathogenesis and progression of COPD. Clin Sci (Lond) 2023; 137:219-237. [PMID: 36729089 DOI: 10.1042/cs20210504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a debilitating lung disease characterised by airflow limitation, chronic bronchitis, emphysema and airway remodelling. Cigarette smoke is considered the primary risk factor for the development of COPD; however, genetic factors, host responses and infection also play an important role. Accumulating evidence highlights a role for iron dyshomeostasis and cellular iron accumulation in the lung as a key contributing factor in the development and pathogenesis of COPD. Recent studies have also shown that mitochondria, the central players in cellular iron utilisation, are dysfunctional in respiratory cells in individuals with COPD, with alterations in mitochondrial bioenergetics and dynamics driving disease progression. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the dysfunction of mitochondria and cellular iron metabolism in the lung may unveil potential novel investigational avenues and therapeutic targets to aid in the treatment of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynne Faherty
- School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sarah Kenny
- School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Suzanne M Cloonan
- School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, New York, NY, U.S.A
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50
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TSLP and HMGB1: Inflammatory Targets and Potential Biomarkers for Precision Medicine in Asthma and COPD. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020437. [PMID: 36830972 PMCID: PMC9953666 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The airway epithelium, through pattern recognition receptors expressed transmembrane or intracellularly, acts as a first line of defense for the lungs against many environmental triggers. It is involved in the release of alarmin cytokines, which are important mediators of inflammation, with receptors widely expressed in structural cells as well as innate and adaptive immune cells. Knowledge of the role of epithelial cells in orchestrating the immune response and mediating the clearance of invading pathogens and dead/damaged cells to facilitate resolution of inflammation is necessary to understand how, in many chronic lung diseases, there is a persistent inflammatory response that becomes the basis of underlying pathogenesis. This review will focus on the role of pulmonary epithelial cells and of airway epithelial cell alarmins, in particular thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) and high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), as key mediators in driving the inflammation of chronic lung diseases, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), evaluating the similarities and differences. Moreover, emerging concepts regarding the therapeutic role of molecules that act on airway epithelial cell alarmins will be explored for a precision medicine approach in the context of pulmonary diseases, thus allowing the use of these molecules as possible predictive biomarkers of clinical and biological response.
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