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Sheng H, Ai C, Yang C, Zhu C, Meng Z, Wu F, Wang X, Dou D, Morris PF, Zhang X. A conserved oomycete effector RxLR23 triggers plant defense responses by targeting ERD15La to release NbNAC68. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6336. [PMID: 39068146 PMCID: PMC11283518 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50782-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Oomycete pathogens deliver many effectors to enhance virulence or suppress plant immunity. Plant immune networks are interconnected, in which a few effectors can trigger a strong defense response when recognized by immunity-related proteins. How effectors activate plant defense response remains poorly understood. Here we report Phytophthora capsici effector RxLR23KM can induce plant cell death and plant immunity. RxLR23KM specifically binds to ERD15La, a regulator of abscisic acid and salicylic acid pathway, and the binding intensity depends on the amino acid residues (K93 and M320). NbNAC68, a downstream protein of ERD15La, can stimulate plant immunity that is compromised after binding with ERD15La. Silencing of NbNAC68 substantially prevents the activation of plant defense response. RxLR23KM binds to ERD15La, releasing NbNAC68 to activate plant immunity. These findings highlight a strategy of plant defense response that ERD15La as a central regulator coordinates RxLR23KM to regulate NbNAC68-triggered plant immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Sheng
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Congcong Ai
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Cancan Yang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Chunyuan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Zhe Meng
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, 250014, China
| | - Fengzhi Wu
- Department of Horticulture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Xiaodan Wang
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, 100083, Beijing, China
| | - Daolong Dou
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Paul F Morris
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, 43043, USA
| | - Xiuguo Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China.
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2
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Wang YW, Nambeesan SU. Ethylene promotes fruit ripening initiation by downregulating photosynthesis, enhancing abscisic acid and suppressing jasmonic acid in blueberry (Vaccinium ashei). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:418. [PMID: 38760720 PMCID: PMC11102277 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05106-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blueberry fruit exhibit atypical climacteric ripening with a non-auto-catalytic increase in ethylene coincident with initiation of ripening. Further, application of ethephon, an ethylene-releasing plant growth regulator, accelerates ripening by increasing the proportion of ripe (blue) fruit as compared to the control treatment. To investigate the mechanistic role of ethylene in regulating blueberry ripening, we performed transcriptome analysis on fruit treated with ethephon, an ethylene-releasing plant growth regulator. RESULTS RNA-Sequencing was performed on two sets of rabbiteye blueberry ('Powderblue') fruit: (1) fruit from divergent developmental stages; and (2) fruit treated with ethephon, an ethylene-releasing compound. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from divergent developmental stages clustered into nine groups, among which cluster 1 displayed reduction in expression during ripening initiation and was enriched with photosynthesis related genes, while cluster 7 displayed increased expression during ripening and was enriched with aromatic-amino acid family catabolism genes, suggesting stimulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis. More DEGs were apparent at 1 day after ethephon treatment suggesting its early influence during ripening initiation. Overall, a higher number of genes were downregulated in response to ethylene. Many of these overlapped with cluster 1 genes, indicating that ethylene-mediated downregulation of photosynthesis is an important developmental event during the ripening transition. Analyses of DEGs in response to ethylene also indicated interplay among phytohormones. Ethylene positively regulated abscisic acid (ABA), negatively regulated jasmonates (JAs), and influenced auxin (IAA) metabolism and signaling genes. Phytohormone quantification supported these effects of ethylene, indicating coordination of blueberry fruit ripening by ethylene. CONCLUSION This study provides insights into the role of ethylene in blueberry fruit ripening. Ethylene initiates blueberry ripening by downregulating photosynthesis-related genes. Also, ethylene regulates phytohormone-metabolism and signaling related genes, increases ABA, and decreases JA concentrations. Together, these results indicate that interplay among multiple phytohormones regulates the progression of ripening, and that ethylene is an important coordinator of such interactions during blueberry fruit ripening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Wen Wang
- Department of Horticulture, University of Georgia, 1111 Miller Plant Sciences Building, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
- Center for Applied Genetic Technologies, University of Georgia, 111 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics & Genomics, University of Georgia, 111 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Savithri U Nambeesan
- Department of Horticulture, University of Georgia, 1111 Miller Plant Sciences Building, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
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Hou G, Wu G, Jiang H, Bai X, Chen Y. RNA-Seq Reveals That Multiple Pathways Are Involved in Tuber Expansion in Tiger Nuts ( Cyperus esculentus L.). Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5100. [PMID: 38791140 PMCID: PMC11121407 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The tiger nut (Cyperus esculentus L.) is a usable tuber and edible oil plant. The size of the tubers is a key trait that determines the yield and the mechanical harvesting of tiger nut tubers. However, little is known about the anatomical and molecular mechanisms of tuber expansion in tiger nut plants. This study conducted anatomical and comprehensive transcriptomics analyses of tiger nut tubers at the following days after sowing: 40 d (S1); 50 d (S2); 60 d (S3); 70 d (S4); 90 d (S5); and 110 d (S6). The results showed that, at the initiation stage of a tiger nut tuber (S1), the primary thickening meristem (PTM) surrounded the periphery of the stele and was initially responsible for the proliferation of parenchyma cells of the cortex (before S1) and then the stele (S2-S3). The increase in cell size of the parenchyma cells occurred mainly from S1 to S3 in the cortex and from S3 to S4 in the stele. A total of 12,472 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were expressed to a greater extent in the S1-S3 phase than in S4-S6 phase. DEGs related to tuber expansion were involved in cell wall modification, vesicle transport, cell membrane components, cell division, the regulation of plant hormone levels, signal transduction, and metabolism. DEGs involved in the biosynthesis and the signaling of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and jasmonic acid (JA) were expressed highly in S1-S3. The endogenous changes in IAA and JAs during tuber development showed that the highest concentrations were found at S1 and S1-S3, respectively. In addition, several DEGs were related to brassinosteroid (BR) signaling and the G-protein, MAPK, and ubiquitin-proteasome pathways, suggesting that these signaling pathways have roles in the tuber expansion of tiger nut. Finally, we come to the conclusion that the cortex development preceding stele development in tiger nut tubers. The auxin signaling pathway promotes the division of cortical cells, while the jasmonic acid pathway, brassinosteroid signaling, G-protein pathway, MAPK pathway, and ubiquitin protein pathway regulate cell division and the expansion of the tuber cortex and stele. This finding will facilitate searches for genes that influence tuber expansion and the regulatory networks in developing tubers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangshan Hou
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; (G.H.); (G.W.); (H.J.)
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guojiang Wu
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; (G.H.); (G.W.); (H.J.)
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Huawu Jiang
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; (G.H.); (G.W.); (H.J.)
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Xue Bai
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun 666303, China;
| | - Yaping Chen
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; (G.H.); (G.W.); (H.J.)
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
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Hudson A, Mullens A, Hind S, Jamann T, Balint-Kurti P. Natural variation in the pattern-triggered immunity response in plants: Investigations, implications and applications. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2024; 25:e13445. [PMID: 38528659 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
The pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) response is triggered at the plant cell surface by the recognition of microbe-derived molecules known as microbe- or pathogen-associated molecular patterns or molecules derived from compromised host cells called damage-associated molecular patterns. Membrane-localized receptor proteins, known as pattern recognition receptors, are responsible for this recognition. Although much of the machinery of PTI is conserved, natural variation for the PTI response exists within and across species with respect to the components responsible for pattern recognition, activation of the response, and the strength of the response induced. This review describes what is known about this variation. We discuss how variation in the PTI response can be measured and how this knowledge might be utilized in the control of plant disease and in developing plant varieties with enhanced disease resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asher Hudson
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Alexander Mullens
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Sarah Hind
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Tiffany Jamann
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Peter Balint-Kurti
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
- Plant Science Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
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5
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Xu J, Zhang Y, Zhang M, Wei X, Zhou Y. Effects of foliar selenium application on Se accumulation, elements uptake, nutrition quality, sensory quality and antioxidant response in summer-autumn tea. Food Res Int 2024; 175:113618. [PMID: 38128974 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Summer-autumn tea is characterized by high polyphenol content and low amino acid content, resulting in bitter and astringent teast. However, these qualities often lead to low economic benefits, ultimately resulting in a wastage of tea resources. The study focused on evaluating the effects of foliar spraying of glucosamine selenium (GLN-Se) on summer-autumn tea. This foliar fertilizer was applied to tea leaves to assess its impact on plant development, nutritional quality, elemental uptake, organoleptic quality, and antioxidant responses. The results revealed that GlcN-Se enhanced photosynthesis and yield by improving the antioxidant system. Additionally, the concentration of GlcN-Se positively correlated with the total and organic selenium contents in tea. The foliar application of GlcN-Se reduced toxic heavy metal content and increased the levels of macronutrients and micronutrients, which facilitated adaptation to environmental changes and abiotic stresses. Furthermore, GlcN-Se significantly improved both non-volatile and volatile components of tea leaves, resulting in a sweet aftertaste and nectar aroma in the tea soup. To conclude, the accurate and rational application of exogenous GlcN-Se can effectively enhance the selenium content and biochemical status of tea. This improvement leads to enhanced nutritional quality and sensory characteristics, making it highly significant for the tea industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Xu
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Yayuan Zhang
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, NO. 100 Haiquan Road, Shanghai 201418, PR China
| | - Mengke Zhang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Xinlin Wei
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, PR China.
| | - Yiming Zhou
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, NO. 100 Haiquan Road, Shanghai 201418, PR China.
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Sáiz-Bonilla M, Martín-Merchán A, Pallás V, Navarro JA. A viral protein targets mitochondria and chloroplasts by subverting general import pathways and specific receptors. J Virol 2023; 97:e0112423. [PMID: 37792002 PMCID: PMC10617419 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01124-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Many plant proteins and some proteins from plant pathogens are dually targeted to chloroplasts and mitochondria, and are supposed to be transported along the general pathways for organellar protein import, but this issue has not been explored yet. Moreover, organellar translocon receptors exist as families of several members whose functional specialization in different cargos is supposed but not thoroughly studied. This article provides novel insights into such topics showing for the first time that an exogenous protein, the melon necrotic spot virus coat protein, exploits the common Toc/Tom import systems to enter both mitochondria and chloroplasts while identifying the involved specific receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Sáiz-Bonilla
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Virology, Department of Molecular and Evolutionary Plant Virology, Institute for Plant Molecular and Cell Biology, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Andrea Martín-Merchán
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Virology, Department of Molecular and Evolutionary Plant Virology, Institute for Plant Molecular and Cell Biology, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Vicente Pallás
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Virology, Department of Molecular and Evolutionary Plant Virology, Institute for Plant Molecular and Cell Biology, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jose Antonio Navarro
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Virology, Department of Molecular and Evolutionary Plant Virology, Institute for Plant Molecular and Cell Biology, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
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7
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Yuan J, Wen T, Yang S, Zhang C, Zhao M, Niu G, Xie P, Liu X, Zhao X, Shen Q, Bezemer TM. Growth substrates alter aboveground plant microbial and metabolic properties thereby influencing insect herbivore performance. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2023; 66:1728-1741. [PMID: 36932313 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-022-2279-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiome of plant-eaters is affected by the food they eat, but it is currently unclear how the plant metabolome and microbiome are influenced by the substrate the plant grows in and how this subsequently impacts the feeding behavior and gut microbiomes of insect herbivores. Here, we use Plutella xylostella caterpillars and show that the larvae prefer leaves of cabbage plants growing in a vermiculite substrate to those from plants growing in conventional soil systems. From a plant metabolomics analysis, we identified 20 plant metabolites that were related to caterpillar feeding performance. In a bioassay, the effects of these plant metabolites on insects' feeding were tested. Nitrate and compounds enriched with leaves of soilless cultivation promoted the feeding of insects, while compounds enriched with leaves of plants growing in natural soil decreased feeding. Several microbial groups (e.g., Sporolactobacillus, Haliangium) detected inside the plant correlated with caterpillar feeding performance and other microbial groups, such as Ramlibacter and Methylophilus, correlated with the gut microbiome. Our results highlight the role of growth substrates on the food metabolome and microbiome and on the feeding performance and the gut microbiome of plant feeders. It illustrates how belowground factors can influence the aboveground properties of plant-animal systems, which has important implications for plant growth and pest control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yuan
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Tao Wen
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Shengdie Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Mengli Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Guoqing Niu
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Penghao Xie
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xinyuan Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Qirong Shen
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - T Martijn Bezemer
- Institute of Biology, Above-Belowground Interactions group, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9505, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, P.O. Box 50, 6700 AB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Wen T, Ding Z, Thomashow LS, Hale L, Yang S, Xie P, Liu X, Wang H, Shen Q, Yuan J. Deciphering the mechanism of fungal pathogen-induced disease-suppressive soil. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 238:2634-2650. [PMID: 36932631 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
One model of a disease-suppressive soil predicts that the confrontation of plant with a phytopathogen can lead to the recruitment and accumulation of beneficial microorganisms. However, more information needs to be deciphered regarding which beneficial microbes become enriched, and how the disease suppression is achieved. Here, we conditioned soil by continuously growing eight generations of cucumber inoculated with Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cucumerinum in a split-root system. Disease incidence was found to decrease gradually upon pathogen infection accompanied with higher quantity of reactive oxygen species (ROS mainly OH• ) in roots and accumulation of Bacillus and Sphingomonas. These key microbes were proven to protect the cucumber from pathogen infection by inducing high ROS level in the roots through enrichment of pathways, including a two-component system, a bacterial secretion system, and flagellar assembly revealed by metagenomics sequencing. Untargeted metabolomics analysis combined with in vitro application assays suggested that threonic acid and lysine were pivotal to recruit Bacillus and Sphingomonas. Collectively, our study deciphered a 'cry for help' case, wherein cucumber releases particular compounds to enrich beneficial microbes that raise the ROS level of host to prevent pathogen attack. More importantly, this may be one of the fundamental mechanisms underpinning disease-suppressive soil formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wen
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-Saving Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zhexu Ding
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-Saving Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Linda S Thomashow
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Wheat Health, Genetics and Quality Research Unit, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Lauren Hale
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center, 9611 S. Riverbend Avenue, Parlier, CA, 93648, USA
| | - Shengdie Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-Saving Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Penghao Xie
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-Saving Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-Saving Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Heqi Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-Saving Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Qirong Shen
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-Saving Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jun Yuan
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-Saving Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
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9
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Zhao W, Huang H, Wang J, Wang X, Xu B, Yao X, Sun L, Yang R, Wang J, Sun A, Wang S. Jasmonic acid enhances osmotic stress responses by MYC2-mediated inhibition of protein phosphatase 2C1 and response regulators 26 transcription factor in tomato. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 113:546-561. [PMID: 36534116 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The jasmonic acid (JA) signaling pathway is involved in the plant response to drought stress. JA and other hormones synergistically regulate the drought response in plants. However, the molecular mechanism underlying this synergism remains poorly defined. In the present study, transcriptome analyses of guard cells and quantitative PCR experiments revealed that MYC2 negatively regulated the negative regulator of ABA signaling, SlPP2C1, and the type-B response regulator in the cytokinin pathway, SlRR26, and this negative regulation was direct. SlRR26 overexpression reduced drought tolerance in transgenic tomatoes, whereas slrr26cr lines were more tolerant to drought. SlRR26 negatively modulated reactive oxygen species levels in stomata and stomatal closure through RobhB. Moreover, SlRR26 overexpression counteracted JA-mediated stomatal closure, suggesting that SlRR26 played a negative role in the JA-mediated drought response. These findings suggest that MYC2 plays a key role in JA-regulated stomatal closure under drought stress by inhibiting SlPP2C1 and SlRR26.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenchao Zhao
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, No. 7 Beinong Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Huang Huang
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, No. 7 Beinong Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, No. 7 Beinong Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Xiaoyun Wang
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, No. 7 Beinong Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Bingqin Xu
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, No. 7 Beinong Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Xuehui Yao
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, No. 7 Beinong Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Lulu Sun
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, No. 7 Beinong Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Rui Yang
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, No. 7 Beinong Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Jianli Wang
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, No. 7 Beinong Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Aidong Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Forest Food Processing and Safety, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 10083, China
| | - Shaohui Wang
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, No. 7 Beinong Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
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10
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Wang YW, Nambeesan SU. Full-length fruit transcriptomes of southern highbush (Vaccinium sp.) and rabbiteye (V. virgatum Ait.) blueberry. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:733. [DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08935-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Blueberries (Vaccinium sp.) are native to North America and breeding efforts to improve blueberry fruit quality are focused on improving traits such as increased firmness, enhanced flavor and greater shelf-life. Such efforts require additional genomic resources, especially in southern highbush and rabbiteye blueberries.
Results
We generated the first full-length fruit transcriptome for the southern highbush and rabbiteye blueberry using the cultivars, Suziblue and Powderblue, respectively. The transcriptome was generated using the Pacific Biosciences single-molecule long-read isoform sequencing platform with cDNA pooled from seven stages during fruit development and postharvest storage. Raw reads were processed through the Isoseq pipeline and full-length transcripts were mapped to the ‘Draper’ genome with unmapped reads collapsed using Cogent. Finally, we identified 16,299 and 15,882 non-redundant transcripts in ‘Suziblue’ and ‘Powderblue’ respectively by combining the reads mapped to Northern Highbush blueberry ‘Draper’ genome and Cogent analysis. In both cultivars, > 80% of sequences were longer than 1,000 nt, with the median transcript length around 1,700 nt. Functionally annotated transcripts using Blast2GO were > 92% in both ‘Suziblue’ and ‘Powderblue’ with overall equal distribution of gene ontology (GO) terms in the two cultivars. Analyses of alternative splicing events indicated that around 40% non-redundant sequences exhibited more than one isoform. Additionally, long non-coding RNAs were predicted to represent 5.6% and 7% of the transcriptomes in ‘Suziblue’ and ‘Powderblue’, respectively. Fruit ripening is regulated by several hormone-related genes and transcription factors. Among transcripts associated with phytohormone metabolism/signaling, the highest number of transcripts were related to abscisic acid (ABA) and auxin metabolism followed by those for brassinosteroid, jasmonic acid and ethylene metabolism. Among transcription factor-associated transcripts, those belonging to ripening-related APETALA2/ethylene-responsive element-binding factor (AP2/ERF), NAC (NAM, ATAF1/2 and CUC2), leucine zipper (HB-zip), basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH), MYB (v-MYB, discovered in avian myeloblastosis virus genome) and MADS-Box gene families, were abundant.
Further we measured three fruit ripening quality traits and indicators [ABA, and anthocyanin concentration, and texture] during fruit development and ripening. ABA concentration increased during the initial stages of fruit ripening and then declined at the Ripe stage, whereas anthocyanin content increased during the final stages of fruit ripening in both cultivars. Fruit firmness declined during ripening in ‘Powderblue’. Genes associated with the above parameters were identified using the full-length transcriptome. Transcript abundance patterns of these genes were consistent with changes in the fruit ripening and quality-related characteristics.
Conclusions
A full-length, well-annotated fruit transcriptome was generated for two blueberry species commonly cultivated in the southeastern United States. The robustness of the transcriptome was verified by the identification and expression analyses of multiple fruit ripening and quality–regulating genes. The full-length transcriptome is a valuable addition to the blueberry genomic resources and will aid in further improving the annotation. It will also provide a useful resource for the investigation of molecular aspects of ripening and postharvest processes.
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11
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Abulfaraj AA, Alhoraibi HM, Mariappan K, Bigeard J, Zhang H, Almeida-Trapp M, Artyukh O, Abdulhakim F, Parween S, Pflieger D, Blilou I, Hirt H, Rayapuram N. Analysis of the Arabidopsis coilin mutant reveals a positive role of AtCOILIN in plant immunity. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 190:745-761. [PMID: 35674377 PMCID: PMC9434284 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Biogenesis of ribonucleoproteins occurs in dynamic subnuclear compartments called Cajal bodies (CBs). COILIN is a critical scaffolding component essential for CB formation, composition, and activity. We recently showed that Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) AtCOILIN is phosphorylated in response to bacterial elicitor treatment. Here, we further investigated the role of AtCOILIN in plant innate immunity. Atcoilin mutants are compromised in defense responses to bacterial pathogens. Besides confirming a role of AtCOILIN in alternative splicing (AS), Atcoilin showed differential expression of genes that are distinct from those of AS, including factors involved in RNA biogenesis, metabolism, plant immunity, and phytohormones. Atcoilin mutant plants have reduced levels of defense phytohormones. As expected, the mutant plants were more sensitive to the necrotrophic fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea. Our findings reveal an important role for AtCOILIN in innate plant immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aala A Abulfaraj
- Biological Sciences Department, College of Science & Arts, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh 21911, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanna M Alhoraibi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, 21551 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kiruthiga Mariappan
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jean Bigeard
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris Saclay (IPS2), CNRS, INRAE, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Université de Paris, Orsay 91405, France
| | - Huoming Zhang
- Corelabs, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marilia Almeida-Trapp
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Olga Artyukh
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatimah Abdulhakim
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sabiha Parween
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Delphine Pflieger
- Universite Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CEA, UMR BioSanté U1292, CNRS, CEA, FR2048 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Ikram Blilou
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
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12
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Alam H, Zamin M, Adnan M, Ahmad N, Nawaz T, Saud S, Basir A, Liu K, Harrison MT, Hassan S, Alharby HF, Alzahrani YM, Alghamdi SA, Majrashi A, Alharbi BM, Alabdallah NM, Fahad S. Evaluating the resistance mechanism of Atriplex leucoclada (Orache) to salt and water stress; A potential crop for biosaline agriculture. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:948736. [PMID: 35979075 PMCID: PMC9377539 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.948736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The development of food and forage crops that flourish under saline conditions may be a prospective avenue for mitigating the impacts of climate change, both allowing biomass production under conditions of water-deficit and potentially expanding land-use to hitherto non-arable zones. Here, we examine responses of the native halophytic shrub Atriplex leucoclada to salt and drought stress using a factorial design, with four levels of salinity and four drought intensities under the arid conditions. A. leucoclada plants exhibited morphological and physiological adaptation to salt and water stress which had little effect on survival or growth. Under low salinity stress, water stress decreased the root length of A. leucoclada; in contrast, under highly saline conditions root length increased. Plant tissue total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content decreased with increasing water stress under low salinity. As salt stress increased, detrimental effects of water deficit diminished. We found that both salt and water stress had increased Na+ and Cl- uptake, with both stresses having an additive and beneficial role in increasing ABA and proline content. We conclude that A. leucoclada accumulates high salt concentrations in its cellular vacuoles as a salinity resistance mechanism; this salt accumulation then becomes conducive to mitigation of water stress. Application of these mechanisms to other crops may improve tolerance and producitivity under salt and water stress, potentially improving food security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasnain Alam
- Department of Biological Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Muhammad Zamin
- Department of Agriculture, University of Swabi, Swabi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Adnan
- Department of Agriculture, University of Swabi, Swabi, Pakistan
| | - Nisar Ahmad
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Bannu, Pakistan
| | - Taufiq Nawaz
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Shah Saud
- College of Life Science, Linyi University, Linyi, China
| | - Abdul Basir
- Department of Agriculture, University of Swabi, Swabi, Pakistan
| | - Ke Liu
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Burnie, TAS, Australia
| | - Matthew Tom Harrison
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Burnie, TAS, Australia
| | - Shah Hassan
- Department of Agricultural Extension Education & Communication, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Hesham F. Alharby
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yahya M. Alzahrani
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sameera A. Alghamdi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Majrashi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Basmah M. Alharbi
- Department of Biology,, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nadiyah M. Alabdallah
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shah Fahad
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- Department of Agronomy, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Pakistan
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13
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Zhao Z, Fan J, Yang P, Wang Z, Opiyo SO, Mackey D, Xia Y. Involvement of Arabidopsis Acyl Carrier Protein 1 in PAMP-Triggered Immunity. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2022; 35:681-693. [PMID: 35343247 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-02-22-0049-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Plant fatty acids (FAs) and lipids are essential in storing energy and act as structural components for cell membranes and signaling molecules for plant growth and stress responses. Acyl carrier proteins (ACPs) are small acidic proteins that covalently bind the fatty acyl intermediates during the elongation of FAs. The Arabidopsis thaliana ACP family has eight members. Through reverse genetic, molecular, and biochemical approaches, we have discovered that ACP1 localizes to the chloroplast and limits the magnitude of pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) against the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato. Mutant acp1 plants have reduced levels of linolenic acid (18:3), which is the primary precursor for biosynthesis of the phytohormone jasmonic acid (JA), and a corresponding decrease in the abundance of JA. Consistent with the known antagonistic relationship between JA and salicylic acid (SA), acp1 mutant plants also accumulate a higher level of SA and display corresponding shifts in JA- and SA-regulated transcriptional outputs. Moreover, methyl JA and linolenic acid treatments cause an apparently enhanced decrease of resistance against P. syringae pv. tomato in acp1 mutants than that in WT plants. The ability of ACP1 to prevent this hormone imbalance likely underlies its negative impact on PTI in plant defense. Thus, ACP1 links FA metabolism to stress hormone homeostasis to be negatively involved in PTI in Arabidopsis plant defense. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Zhao
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Ohio State University, 2021 Coffey Road, Columbus, OH 43210, U.S.A
| | - Jiangbo Fan
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Ohio State University, 2021 Coffey Road, Columbus, OH 43210, U.S.A
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Piao Yang
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Ohio State University, 2021 Coffey Road, Columbus, OH 43210, U.S.A
| | - Zonghua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Stephen Obol Opiyo
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Ohio State University, 2021 Coffey Road, Columbus, OH 43210, U.S.A
| | - David Mackey
- Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, U.S.A
| | - Ye Xia
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Ohio State University, 2021 Coffey Road, Columbus, OH 43210, U.S.A
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14
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Bulbul Ahmed M, Humayan Kabir A. Understanding of the various aspects of gene regulatory networks related to crop improvement. Gene 2022; 833:146556. [PMID: 35609798 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The hierarchical relationship between transcription factors, associated proteins, and their target genes is defined by a gene regulatory network (GRN). GRNs allow us to understand how the genotype and environment of a plant are incorporated to control the downstream physiological responses. During plant growth or environmental acclimatization, GRNs are diverse and can be differently regulated across tissue types and organs. An overview of recent advances in the development of GRN that speed up basic and applied plant research is given here. Furthermore, the overview of genome and transcriptome involving GRN research along with the exciting advancement and application are discussed. In addition, different approaches to GRN predictions were elucidated. In this review, we also describe the role of GRN in crop improvement, crop plant manipulation, stress responses, speed breeding and identifying genetic variations/locus. Finally, the challenges and prospects of GRN in plant biology are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Bulbul Ahmed
- Plant Science Department, McGill University, 21111 lakeshore Road, Ste. Anne de Bellevue H9X3V9, Quebec, Canada; Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale (IRBV), University of Montreal, Montréal, Québec H1X 2B2, Canada.
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15
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Xu BQ, Wang JJ, Peng Y, Huang H, Sun LL, Yang R, Suo LN, Wang SH, Zhao WC. SlMYC2 mediates stomatal movement in response to drought stress by repressing SlCHS1 expression. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:952758. [PMID: 35937339 PMCID: PMC9354244 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.952758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Drought stress limits plant development and reproduction. Multiple mechanisms in plants are activated to respond to stress. The MYC2 transcription factor is a core regulator of the jasmonate (JA) pathway and plays a vital role in the crosstalk between abscisic acid (ABA) and JA. In this study, we found that SlMYC2 responded to drought stress and regulated stomatal aperture in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Overexpression of SlMYC2 repressed SlCHS1 expression and decreased the flavonol content, increased the reactive oxygen species (ROS) content in guard cells and promoted the accumulation of JA and ABA in leaves. Additionally, silencing the SlCHS1 gene produced a phenotype that was similar to that of the MYC2-overexpressing (MYC2-OE) strain, especially in terms of stomatal dynamics and ROS levels. Finally, we confirmed that SlMYC2 directly repressed the expression of SlCHS1. Our study revealed that SlMYC2 drove stomatal closure by modulating the accumulation of flavonol and the JA and ABA contents, helping us decipher the mechanism of stomatal movement under drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Qin Xu
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- Bei Jing Bei Nong Enterprise Management Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Jing-Jing Wang
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Peng
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Huang Huang
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Lu-Lu Sun
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Yang
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Lin-Na Suo
- Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shao-Hui Wang
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-Chao Zhao
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
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16
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Alam H, Zamin M, Adnan M, Shah AN, Alharby HF, Bamagoos AA, Alabdallah NM, Alzahrani SS, Alharbi BM, Saud S, Hassan S, Fahad S. Exploring Suitability of Salsola imbricata (Fetid Saltwort) for Salinity and Drought Conditions: A Step Toward Sustainable Landscaping Under Changing Climate. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:900210. [PMID: 35755706 PMCID: PMC9213750 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.900210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In context of the climate change, major abiotic stresses faced by plants include salt stress and drought stress. Though, plants have similar physiological mechanisms to cope with these salt and drought stresses. The physiological and biochemical response of native plants to the combined application of salinity and drought stresses are still not well-understood. Thus, to investigate the combined effect of salinity and drought stresses, an experiment was conducted on Salsola imbricata with four levels of salinity and four drought intensities under the arid climatic conditions. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with a split-plot arrangement replicated three times. S. imbricata had been found resistant to different levels of individual and combined salt and drought stresses. S. imbricata survived till the end of the experiment. Salt and water stress did not show any significant effects on shoot weight, shoot length, and root length. The drought stress affected the photosynthetic rate, ion uptake and leaf water potential. However, salt stress helped to counter this effect of drought stress. Thus, drought stress did not affect plant growth, photosynthesis rate, and ion uptake when combined with salt stress. Increased Na+ and Cl- uptake under the salt stress helped in osmotic adjustment. Therefore, the leaf water potential (LWP) decreased with increasing the salt stress from 5 dSm-1 until 15 dSm-1 and increased again at 20 dSm-1. At lower salt stress, ABA and proline content declined with increasing the drought stress. However, at higher salt stress, ABA content increased with increasing the drought stress. In conclusion, the salt stress had been found to have a protective role to drought stress for S. imbricata. S. imbricata utilized inorganic ion for osmotic adjustment at lower salinity stress but also accumulate the organic solutes to balance the osmotic pressure of the ions in the vacuole under combined stress conditions. Due to the physical lush green appearance and less maintenance requirements, S. imbricata can be recommended as a native substitute in landscaping under the salt and drought stresses conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasnain Alam
- Department of Biological Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Muhammad Zamin
- Department of Agriculture, University of Swabi, Swabi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Adnan
- Department of Agriculture, University of Swabi, Swabi, Pakistan
| | - Adnan Noor Shah
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan
| | - Hesham F. Alharby
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Atif A. Bamagoos
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nadiyah M. Alabdallah
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleha S. Alzahrani
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Basmah M. Alharbi
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shah Saud
- College of Life Science, Linyi University, Linyi, China
| | - Shah Hassan
- Department of Agricultural Extension Education and Communication, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Shah Fahad
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- Department of Agronomy, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Pakistan
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Arabidopsis Plasma Membrane ATPase AHA5 Is Negatively Involved in PAMP-Triggered Immunity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073857. [PMID: 35409217 PMCID: PMC8998810 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants evolve a prompt and robust immune system to defend themselves against pathogen infections. Pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)-triggered immunity (PTI) is the first battle layer activated upon the PAMP’s perception, which leads to multiple defense responses. The plasma membrane (PM) H+-ATPases are the primary ion pumps to create and maintain the cellular membrane potential that is critical for various essential biological processes, including plant growth, development, and defense. This study discovered that the PM H+-ATPase AHA5 is negatively involved in Arabidopsis PTI against the virulent pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pvr. tomato (Pto) DC3000 infection. The aha5 mutant plants caused the reduced stomata opening upon the Pto infection, which was associated with the salicylic acid (SA) pathway. In addition, the aha5 mutant plants caused the increased levels of callose deposition, defense-related gene expression, and SA accumulation. Our results also indicate that the PM H+-ATPase activity of AHA5 probably mediates the coupling of H2O2 generation and the apoplast alkalization in PTI responses. Moreover, AHA5 was found to interact with a vital defense regulator, RPM1-interacting protein 4 (RIN4), in vitro and in vivo, which might also be critical for its function in PTI. In summary, our studies show that AHA5 functions as a novel and critical component that is negatively involved in PTI by coordinating different defense responses during the Arabidopsis–Pto DC3000 interaction.
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Ling S, Rizvi SAH, Xiong T, Liu J, Gu Y, Wang S, Zeng X. Volatile Signals From Guava Plants Prime Defense Signaling and Increase Jasmonate-Dependent Herbivore Resistance in Neighboring Citrus Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:833562. [PMID: 35371180 PMCID: PMC8965645 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.833562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Intercropping can reduce agricultural pest incidence and represents an important sustainable alternative to conventional pest control methods. Citrus intercropped with guava (Psidium guajava L.) has a lower incidence of Asian citrus psyllid (ACP, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama) and huanglongbing disease (HLB), but the mechanisms are still unknown. In this study, we tested whether volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by guava plants play a role in plant-plant communications and trigger defense responses in sweet orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) in the laboratory. The results showed that the behavioral preference and developmental performance of ACP on citrus plants that were exposed to guava VOCs were suppressed. The expression of defense-related pathways involved in early signaling, jasmonate (JA) biosynthesis, protease inhibitor (PI), terpenoid, phenylpropanoid, and flavonoid biosynthesis was induced in guava VOC-exposed citrus plants. Headspace analysis revealed that guava plants constitutively emit high levels of (E)-β-caryophyllene and (E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene (DMNT), which can induce the accumulation of JA and promote stronger defense responses of citrus to ACP feeding. In addition, exposure to guava VOCs also increased the indirect defense of citrus by attracting the parasitic wasp Tamarixia radiata. Together, our findings indicate that citrus plants can eavesdrop on the VOC cues emitted by neighboring intact guava plants to boost their JA-dependent anti-herbivore activities. The knowledge gained from this study will provide mechanisms underlying citrus-guava intercropping for the ecological management of insect pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siquan Ling
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Insect Behavior Regulation, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Syed Arif Hussain Rizvi
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Insect Behavior Regulation, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Insect Pest Management Program, National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ting Xiong
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Insect Behavior Regulation, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiali Liu
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Insect Behavior Regulation, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanping Gu
- Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Siwei Wang
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Insect Behavior Regulation, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinnian Zeng
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Insect Behavior Regulation, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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19
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Ding X, Zhang D, Gu D, Li Z, Liang H, Zhu H, Jiang Y, Duan X. Histone H3K27 demethylase SlJMJ4 promotes dark- and ABA- induced leaf senescence in tomato. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2022; 9:uhab077. [PMID: 35043207 PMCID: PMC8973004 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhab077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Leaf senescence is a highly-programmed developmental process during the plant life cycle. ABA plays an important role in leaf senescence. However, the mechanism underlying ABA-mediated leaf senescence, particularly the upstream epigenetic regulatory network, remains largely unclear. Here, we identified that SlJMJ4, a Jumonji C (jmjC) domain-containing protein in tomato, specifically demethylates di- and tri-methylations of lysine 27 of histone H3 (H3K27) in vitro and in vivo. Overexpression of SlJMJ4 results in premature senescence phenotype and promotes dark- and ABA-induced leaf senescence in tomato. Under dark condition, SlJMJ4-promoted leaf senescence is associated with upregulated expression of transcription factors (SlORE1 and SlNAP2) and senescence-associated genes (SlSAG113, SlSAG12) via removal of H3K27me3. In responses to ABA, overexpression of SlJMJ4 increases its binding at the loci of SlORE1, SlNAP2, SlSAG113, SlSAG12, SlABI5 and SlNCED3 and decreases their H3K27me3 levels, and therefore activates their expression and mediates ABA-induced leaf senescence in tomato. Taken together, these results demonstrate that SlJMJ4 plays a positive role in leaf senescence in tomato and is implicated in ABA-induced leaf senescence by binding to many key genes related to ABA synthesis and signaling, transcription regulation and senescence and hence promoting their H3K27me3 demethylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochun Ding
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Dandan Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Dachuan Gu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Zhiwei Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hanzhi Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Yueming Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Xuewu Duan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
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20
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Bacete L, Schulz J, Engelsdorf T, Bartosova Z, Vaahtera L, Yan G, Gerhold JM, Tichá T, Øvstebø C, Gigli-Bisceglia N, Johannessen-Starheim S, Margueritat J, Kollist H, Dehoux T, McAdam SAM, Hamann T. THESEUS1 modulates cell wall stiffness and abscisic acid production in Arabidopsis thaliana. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2119258119. [PMID: 34949719 PMCID: PMC8740707 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2119258119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant cells can be distinguished from animal cells by their cell walls and high-turgor pressure. Although changes in turgor and the stiffness of cell walls seem coordinated, we know little about the mechanism responsible for coordination. Evidence has accumulated that plants, like yeast, have a dedicated cell wall integrity maintenance mechanism. It monitors the functional integrity of the wall and maintains integrity through adaptive responses induced by cell wall damage arising during growth, development, and interactions with the environment. These adaptive responses include osmosensitive induction of phytohormone production, defense responses, as well as changes in cell wall composition and structure. Here, we investigate how the cell wall integrity maintenance mechanism coordinates changes in cell wall stiffness and turgor in Arabidopsis thaliana We show that the production of abscisic acid (ABA), the phytohormone-modulating turgor pressure, and responses to drought depend on the presence of a functional cell wall. We find that the cell wall integrity sensor THESEUS1 modulates mechanical properties of walls, turgor loss point, ABA biosynthesis, and ABA-controlled processes. We identify RECEPTOR-LIKE PROTEIN 12 as a component of cell wall integrity maintenance-controlling, cell wall damage-induced jasmonic acid (JA) production. We propose that THE1 is responsible for coordinating changes in turgor pressure and cell wall stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Bacete
- Institute for Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Julia Schulz
- Institute for Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Timo Engelsdorf
- Division of Plant Physiology, Department of Biology, Philipps University of Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Zdenka Bartosova
- Institute for Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Lauri Vaahtera
- Institute for Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Guqi Yan
- Institut Lumière Matière, UMR5306, Université Lyon, 1-CNRS 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | | | - Tereza Tichá
- Institute for Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Camilla Øvstebø
- Institute for Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Nora Gigli-Bisceglia
- Institute for Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Svanhild Johannessen-Starheim
- Institute for Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jeremie Margueritat
- Institut Lumière Matière, UMR5306, Université Lyon, 1-CNRS 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Hannes Kollist
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Thomas Dehoux
- Institut Lumière Matière, UMR5306, Université Lyon, 1-CNRS 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Scott A M McAdam
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Thorsten Hamann
- Institute for Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway;
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21
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Dang X, Zhang Y, Li Y, Chen S, Liu E, Fang B, Liu Q, She D, Dong Z, Fan Z, Li D, Wang H, Zhu S, Hu X, Li Y, Jiang J, Hong D. SYL3-k increases style length and yield of F 1 seeds via enhancement of endogenous GA 4 content in Oryza sativa L. pistils. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2022; 135:321-336. [PMID: 34657161 PMCID: PMC8741667 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-021-03968-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
SYL3-k allele increases the outcrossing rate of male sterile line and the yield of hybrid F1 seeds via enhancement of endogenous GA4 content in Oryza sativa L. pistils. The change in style length might be an adaptation of rice cultivation from south to north in the northern hemisphere. The style length (SYL) in rice is one of the major factors influencing the stigma exertion, which affects the outcross rate of male sterile line and the yield of hybrid F1 seeds. However, the biological mechanisms underlying SYL elongation remain elusive. Here, we report a map-based cloning and characterisation of the allele qSYL3-k. The qSYL3-k allele encodes a MADS-box family transcription factor, and it is expressed in various rice organs. The qSYL3-k allele increases SYL via the elongation of cell length in the style, which is associated with a higher GA4 content in the pistil. The expression level of OsGA3ox2 in pistils with qSYL3-k alleles is significantly higher than that in pistils with qSYL3-n allele on the same genome background of Nipponbare. The yield of F1 seeds harvested from plants with 7001SSYL3-k alleles was 16% higher than that from plants with 7001SSYL3-n allele. The sequence data at the qSYL3 locus in 136 accessions showed that alleles containing the haplotypes qSYL3AA, qSYL3AG, and qSYL3GA increased SYL, whereas those containing the haplotype qSYL3GG decreased it. The frequency of the haplotype qSYL3GG increases gradually from the south to north in the northern hemisphere. These findings will facilitate improvement in SYL and yield of F1 seeds henceforward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Dang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Institute of Rice Research, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Yuanqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yulong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Siqi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Erbao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Bingjie Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Qiangming Liu
- Special Crop Research Institute, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing, 402160, China
| | - Dong She
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zhiyao Dong
- Department of Student Affairs, Jilin Normal University, Siping, 136000, Jilin, China
| | - Zhilan Fan
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Dalu Li
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Shangshang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yanhui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jianhua Jiang
- Institute of Rice Research, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China.
| | - Delin Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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22
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Ji M, Zhao J, Han K, Cui W, Wu X, Chen B, Lu Y, Peng J, Zheng H, Rao S, Wu G, Chen J, Yan F. Turnip mosaic virus P1 suppresses JA biosynthesis by degrading cpSRP54 that delivers AOCs onto the thylakoid membrane to facilitate viral infection. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1010108. [PMID: 34852025 PMCID: PMC8668097 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Jasmonic acid (JA) is a crucial hormone in plant antiviral immunity. Increasing evidence shows that viruses counter this host immune response by interfering with JA biosynthesis and signaling. However, the mechanism by which viruses affect JA biosynthesis is still largely unexplored. Here, we show that a highly conserved chloroplast protein cpSRP54 was downregulated in Nicotiana benthamiana infected by turnip mosaic virus (TuMV). Its silencing facilitated TuMV infection. Furthermore, cpSRP54 interacted with allene oxide cyclases (AOCs), key JA biosynthesis enzymes, and was responsible for delivering AOCs onto the thylakoid membrane (TM). Interestingly, TuMV P1 protein interacted with cpSRP54 and mediated its degradation via the 26S proteosome and autophagy pathways. The results suggest that TuMV has evolved a strategy, through the inhibition of cpSRP54 and its delivery of AOCs to the TM, to suppress JA biosynthesis and enhance viral infection. Interaction between cpSRP54 and AOCs was shown to be conserved in Arabidopsis and rice, while cpSRP54 also interacted with, and was degraded by, pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV) 126 kDa protein and potato virus X (PVX) p25 protein, indicating that suppression of cpSRP54 may be a common mechanism used by viruses to counter the antiviral JA pathway. Jasmonic acid pathway has emerged as one of the predominant battlefields between plants and viruses. Several studies have indicated that, in addition to interfering with JA signaling, plant viruses can also affect JA biosynthesis, but the direct molecular links between them remain elusive. Here, we identify a highly conserved chloroplast protein cpSRP54 as a key positive regulator in JA biosynthesis and a common target for viruses belong to different genera. Through associating with cpSRP54 and inducing its degradation using the protein they encoded, the viruses can inhibit the cpSRP54-facilitated delivery of AOCs to the thylakoid membrane and manipulation of JA-mediated defense. This capability of viruses might define a novel and effective strategy against the antiviral JA pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengfei Ji
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinping Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kelei Han
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Weijun Cui
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinyang Wu
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Binghua Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yuwen Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiejun Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongying Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shaofei Rao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guanwei Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianping Chen
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (JC); (FY)
| | - Fei Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (JC); (FY)
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23
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Zamora O, Schulze S, Azoulay-Shemer T, Parik H, Unt J, Brosché M, Schroeder JI, Yarmolinsky D, Kollist H. Jasmonic acid and salicylic acid play minor roles in stomatal regulation by CO 2 , abscisic acid, darkness, vapor pressure deficit and ozone. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 108:134-150. [PMID: 34289193 PMCID: PMC8842987 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) regulate stomatal closure, preventing pathogen invasion into plants. However, to what extent abscisic acid (ABA), SA and JA interact, and what the roles of SA and JA are in stomatal responses to environmental cues, remains unclear. Here, by using intact plant gas-exchange measurements in JA and SA single and double mutants, we show that stomatal responsiveness to CO2 , light intensity, ABA, high vapor pressure deficit and ozone either did not or, for some stimuli only, very slightly depended upon JA and SA biosynthesis and signaling mutants, including dde2, sid2, coi1, jai1, myc2 and npr1 alleles. Although the stomata in the mutants studied clearly responded to ABA, CO2 , light and ozone, ABA-triggered stomatal closure in npr1-1 was slightly accelerated compared with the wild type. Stomatal reopening after ozone pulses was quicker in the coi1-16 mutant than in the wild type. In intact Arabidopsis plants, spraying with methyl-JA led to only a modest reduction in stomatal conductance 80 min after treatment, whereas ABA and CO2 induced pronounced stomatal closure within minutes. We could not document a reduction of stomatal conductance after spraying with SA. Coronatine-induced stomatal opening was initiated slowly after 1.5-2.0 h, and reached a maximum by 3 h after spraying intact plants. Our results suggest that ABA, CO2 and light are major regulators of rapid guard cell signaling, whereas JA and SA could play only minor roles in the whole-plant stomatal response to environmental cues in Arabidopsis and Solanum lycopersicum (tomato).
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Affiliation(s)
- Olena Zamora
- Plant Signal Research Group, Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, Tartu 50411, Estonia
| | - Sebastian Schulze
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Tamar Azoulay-Shemer
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Fruit Tree Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), the Volcani Center, Newe Ya’ar Research Center, Ramat Yishay, Israel, and
| | - Helen Parik
- Plant Signal Research Group, Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, Tartu 50411, Estonia
| | - Jaanika Unt
- Plant Signal Research Group, Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, Tartu 50411, Estonia
| | - Mikael Brosché
- Plant Signal Research Group, Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, Tartu 50411, Estonia
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, PO Box 65 (Viikinkaari 1), Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Julian I. Schroeder
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Dmitry Yarmolinsky
- Plant Signal Research Group, Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, Tartu 50411, Estonia
- For correspondence ()
| | - Hannes Kollist
- Plant Signal Research Group, Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, Tartu 50411, Estonia
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24
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Lv X, Yuan M, Pei Y, Liu C, Wang X, Wu L, Cheng D, Ma X, Sun X. The Enhancement of Antiviral Activity of Chloroinconazide by Aglinate-based Nanogel and Its Plant Growth Promotion Effect. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:4992-5002. [PMID: 33904309 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c00941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Improving the efficiency and prolonging the duration of pesticides are of great significance in agricultural production. In this work, based on the antiviral compound chloroinconazide (CHI) synthesized previously, the improvement of the fabricated CHI-loaded alginate-based nanogel (CHI@ALGNP) was studied. It was found that CHI@ALGNP showed higher foliar adhesion than CHI and exhibited a sustained release for up to 7 days. CHI@ALGNP could also continuously activate the reactive oxygen species and antioxidant levels and induce the increase of salicylic acid content and the expression of its responsive gene PR2 for a long time, thus achieving sustained resistance to tobacco mosaic virus infection in Nicotiana benthamiana. Strikingly, CHI@ALGNP could release Ca2+ and Mg2+ to promote the growth of N. benthamiana. Taken together, for the first time, we have shown the improvement of a nanogel carrier to the antiviral activity and growth promotion of small molecular pesticides. As the alginate-based nanogel can be easily applied to the spray-based pesticide delivery technology, our study provides a new strategy for the development of new pesticide preparations and the application of multifunctional pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Lv
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Mengting Yuan
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yuehong Pei
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Changyun Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xiangchuan Wang
- National Center for Enterprise Technology of Jingbo Agrochemicals Technology Co. LED, Binzhou 256500, China
| | - Lei Wu
- National Center for Enterprise Technology of Jingbo Agrochemicals Technology Co. LED, Binzhou 256500, China
| | - Daoquan Cheng
- National Center for Enterprise Technology of Jingbo Agrochemicals Technology Co. LED, Binzhou 256500, China
| | - Xiaozhou Ma
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xianchao Sun
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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25
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De Vega D, Holden N, Hedley PE, Morris J, Luna E, Newton A. Chitosan primes plant defence mechanisms against Botrytis cinerea, including expression of Avr9/Cf-9 rapidly elicited genes. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:290-303. [PMID: 33094513 PMCID: PMC7821246 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Current crop protection strategies against the fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea rely on a combination of conventional fungicides and host genetic resistance. However, due to pathogen evolution and legislation in the use of fungicides, these strategies are not sufficient to protect plants against this pathogen. Defence elicitors can stimulate plant defence mechanisms through a phenomenon known as defence priming. Priming results in a faster and/or stronger expression of resistance upon pathogen recognition by the host. This work aims to study defence priming by a commercial formulation of the elicitor chitosan. Treatments with chitosan result in induced resistance (IR) in solanaceous and brassicaceous plants. In tomato plants, enhanced resistance has been linked with priming of callose deposition and accumulation of the plant hormone jasmonic acid (JA). Large-scale transcriptomic analysis revealed that chitosan primes gene expression at early time-points after infection. In addition, two novel tomato genes with a characteristic priming profile were identified, Avr9/Cf-9 rapidly elicited protein 75 (ACRE75) and 180 (ACRE180). Transient and stable over-expression of ACRE75, ACRE180 and their Nicotiana benthamiana homologs, revealed that they are positive regulators of plant resistance against B. cinerea. This provides valuable information in the search for strategies to protect Solanaceae plants against B. cinerea.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicola Holden
- The James Hutton InstituteDundeeUK
- Scotland's Rural College, Aberdeen CampusAberdeenUK
| | | | | | - Estrella Luna
- School of BiosciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
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26
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Zhang C, Žukauskaitė A, Petřík I, Pěnčík A, Hönig M, Grúz J, Široká J, Novák O, Doležal K. In situ characterisation of phytohormones from wounded Arabidopsis leaves using desorption electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry imaging. Analyst 2021; 146:2653-2663. [DOI: 10.1039/d0an02118k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The distribution of target phytohormones is highlighted in wounded Arabidopsis leaves, the differences in their abundance are determined, and the correlations between them are analysed using DESI-MSI analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhang
- Department of Chemical Biology
- Faculty of Science
- Palacký University Olomouc
- CZ-78371 Olomouc
- Czech Republic
| | - Asta Žukauskaitė
- Department of Chemical Biology
- Faculty of Science
- Palacký University Olomouc
- CZ-78371 Olomouc
- Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Petřík
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences & Faculty of Science
- Palacký University Olomouc
- CZ-78371 Olomouc
- Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Pěnčík
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences & Faculty of Science
- Palacký University Olomouc
- CZ-78371 Olomouc
- Czech Republic
| | - Martin Hönig
- Department of Chemical Biology
- Faculty of Science
- Palacký University Olomouc
- CZ-78371 Olomouc
- Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Grúz
- Department of Experimental Biology
- Palacký University Olomouc
- CZ-78371 Olomouc
- Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Široká
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences & Faculty of Science
- Palacký University Olomouc
- CZ-78371 Olomouc
- Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences & Faculty of Science
- Palacký University Olomouc
- CZ-78371 Olomouc
- Czech Republic
| | - Karel Doležal
- Department of Chemical Biology
- Faculty of Science
- Palacký University Olomouc
- CZ-78371 Olomouc
- Czech Republic
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Amaral-Silva PM, Clarindo WR, Guilhen JHS, de Jesus Passos ABR, Sanglard NA, Ferreira A. Global 5-methylcytosine and physiological changes are triggers of indirect somatic embryogenesis in Coffea canephora. PROTOPLASMA 2021; 258:45-57. [PMID: 32895735 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-020-01551-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Indirect somatic embryogenesis (ISE) establishment for Coffea species started in the 1970s. Since then, intraspecific variations in the morphogenic pathway have been reported, even in the common environmental condition in vitro. Several authors have suggested that these variations are the result of genetic, epigenetic, and/or physiological events, highlighting the need for investigations to know the causes. Along these lines, this study aimed to investigate and describe, for the first time, the global 5-methylcytosine and physiological changes that occur in the cells of the aggregate suspensions of Coffea canephora during proliferation and somatic embryo regeneration steps. The cell proliferation step was characterized by increase in cell mass in all subcultures; relatively low mean values of global 5-methylcytosine (5-mC%), abscisic acid (ABA), and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA); high mean value of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC, an ethylene precursor); and increase followed by decrease in spermidine (Spd, a polyamine) level. Therefore, these epigenetic and physiologic aspects promoted the cell proliferation, which is fundamental for ISE. In turn, the somatic embryo regeneration was correlated with global 5-mC% and physiological changes. The competence acquisition, determination, and cell differentiation steps were marked by increases in mean values of 5-mC%, IAA and ABA, and decreases in ACC and Spd, evincing that these changes are the triggers for regeneration and maturation of somatic embryos. Therefore, dynamic and coordinated epigenetic and physiologic changes occur in the cells of the aggregate suspensions during the C. canephora ISE in liquid system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Marcos Amaral-Silva
- Laboratório de Citogenética e Cultura de Tecidos Vegetais, Centro de Ciências Agrárias e Engenharias, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Alegre, ES, 29500-000, Brazil
| | - Wellington Ronildo Clarindo
- Laboratório de Citogenética e Citometria, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil.
| | - José Henrique Soler Guilhen
- Laboratório de Biometria, Centro de Ciências Agrárias e Engenharias, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Alegre, ES, 29500-000, Brazil
| | - Ana Beatriz Rocha de Jesus Passos
- Laboratório de Biometria, Centro de Ciências Agrárias e Engenharias, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Alegre, ES, 29500-000, Brazil
- Laboratório de Genética e Melhoramento, Centro de Ciências Agrárias e Engenharias, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Alegre, ES, 29500-000, Brazil
| | - Natália Arruda Sanglard
- Laboratório de Citogenética e Cultura de Tecidos Vegetais, Centro de Ciências Agrárias e Engenharias, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Alegre, ES, 29500-000, Brazil
| | - Adésio Ferreira
- Laboratório de Biometria, Centro de Ciências Agrárias e Engenharias, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Alegre, ES, 29500-000, Brazil
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28
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Maize microRNA166 Inactivation Confers Plant Development and Abiotic Stress Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249506. [PMID: 33327508 PMCID: PMC7764941 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs are important regulators in plant developmental processes and stress responses. In this study, we generated a series of maize STTM166 transgenic plants. Knock-down of miR166 resulted in various morphological changes, including rolled leaves, enhanced abiotic stress resistance, inferior yield-related traits, vascular pattern and epidermis structures, tassel architecture, as well as abscisic acid (ABA) level elevation and indole acetic acid (IAA) level reduction in maize. To profile miR166 regulated genes, we performed RNA-seq and qRT-PCR analysis. A total of 178 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, including 118 up-regulated and 60 down-regulated genes. These DEGs were strongly enriched in cell and intercellular components, cell membrane system components, oxidoreductase activity, single organism metabolic process, carbohydrate metabolic process, and oxidation reduction process. These results indicated that miR166 plays important roles in auxin and ABA interaction in monocots, yet the specific mechanism may differ from dicots. The enhanced abiotic stress resistance is partly caused via rolling leaves, high ABA content, modulated vascular structure, and the potential changes of cell membrane structure. The inferior yield-related traits and late flowering are partly controlled by the decreased IAA content, the interplay of miR166 with other miRNAs and AGOs. Taken together, the present study uncovered novel functions of miR166 in maize, and provide insights on applying short tandem target mimics (STTM) technology in plant breeding.
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Li D, Zhou C, Zhang J, An Q, Wu Y, Li JQ, Pan C. Nanoselenium Foliar Applications Enhance the Nutrient Quality of Pepper by Activating the Capsaicinoid Synthetic Pathway. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:9888-9895. [PMID: 32809823 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c03044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Increasing the crop quality through enhancement of plant health is a challenging task. In this study, nanoselenium (nano-Se) was sprayed on pepper leaves, and the pepper components were compared to those of selenite. It was found that nano-Se (20 mg/L) resulted in a greater performance of plant health. It increased the chlorophyll and soluble sugar levels, which could activate phenylpropane and branched-chain fatty acid pathways, as well as AT3-related enzymes and gene expressions. These led to an enhancement for the synthesis of capsaicinoids, flavonoids, and total phenols. The nano-Se treatment also significantly promoted the expression of phyto-hormones synthesis genes, and consequently increased jasmonic, abscisic, and salicylic acid levels. Proline pathway-related compounds were increased, which could decrease the malondialdehyde and hydroxyl radical levels in crops. This study shows that nano-Se activated capsaicinoid pathways by enhancing photosynthesis and raising soluble sugar levels. The capsaicinoid contents in peppers were then increased, which consequently promoted the accumulation of secondary metabolites and antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Li
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chunran Zhou
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jingbang Zhang
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Quanshun An
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yangliu Wu
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jia-Qi Li
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Canping Pan
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Deciphering the Novel Role of AtMIN7 in Cuticle Formation and Defense against the Bacterial Pathogen Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155547. [PMID: 32756392 PMCID: PMC7432873 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The cuticle is the outermost layer of plant aerial tissue that interacts with the environment and protects plants against water loss and various biotic and abiotic stresses. ADP ribosylation factor guanine nucleotide exchange factor proteins (ARF-GEFs) are key components of the vesicle trafficking system. Our study discovers that AtMIN7, an Arabidopsis ARF-GEF, is critical for cuticle formation and related leaf surface defense against the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pathovar tomato (Pto). Our transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy studies indicate that the atmin7 mutant leaves have a thinner cuticular layer, defective stomata structure, and impaired cuticle ledge of stomata compared to the leaves of wild type plants. GC–MS analysis further revealed that the amount of cutin monomers was significantly reduced in atmin7 mutant plants. Furthermore, the exogenous application of either of three plant hormones—salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, or abscisic acid—enhanced the cuticle formation in atmin7 mutant leaves and the related defense responses to the bacterial Pto infection. Thus, transport of cutin-related components by AtMIN7 may contribute to its impact on cuticle formation and related defense function.
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31
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Sang Y, Yu W, Zhuang H, Wei Y, Derevnina L, Yu G, Luo J, Macho AP. Intra-strain Elicitation and Suppression of Plant Immunity by Ralstonia solanacearum Type-III Effectors in Nicotiana benthamiana. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2020; 1:100025. [PMID: 33367244 PMCID: PMC7747989 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2020.100025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Effector proteins delivered inside plant cells are powerful weapons for bacterial pathogens, but this exposes the pathogen to potential recognition by the plant immune system. Therefore, the effector repertoire of a given pathogen must be balanced for a successful infection. Ralstonia solanacearum is an aggressive pathogen with a large repertoire of secreted effectors. One of these effectors, RipE1, is conserved in most R. solanacearum strains sequenced to date. In this work, we found that RipE1 triggers immunity in N. benthamiana, which requires the immune regulator SGT1, but not EDS1 or NRCs. Interestingly, RipE1-triggered immunity induces the accumulation of salicylic acid (SA) and the overexpression of several genes encoding phenylalanine-ammonia lyases (PALs), suggesting that the unconventional PAL-mediated pathway is responsible for the observed SA biosynthesis. Surprisingly, RipE1 recognition also induces the expression of jasmonic acid (JA)-responsive genes and JA biosynthesis, suggesting that both SA and JA may act cooperatively in response to RipE1. We further found that RipE1 expression leads to the accumulation of glutathione in plant cells, which precedes the activation of immune responses. R. solanacearum secretes another effector, RipAY, which is known to inhibit immune responses by degrading cellular glutathione. Accordingly, RipAY inhibits RipE1-triggered immune responses. This work shows a strategy employed by R. solanacearum to counteract the perception of its effector proteins by plant immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Sang
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institutes of Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201602, China
| | - Wenjia Yu
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institutes of Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201602, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haiyan Zhuang
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institutes of Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201602, China
| | - Yali Wei
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institutes of Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201602, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lida Derevnina
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Gang Yu
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institutes of Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201602, China
| | - Jiamin Luo
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institutes of Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201602, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Alberto P. Macho
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institutes of Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201602, China
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32
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The Role of Stress-Responsive Transcription Factors in Modulating Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Plants. AGRONOMY-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/agronomy10060788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Abiotic stresses, such as drought, high temperature, and salinity, affect plant growth and productivity. Furthermore, global climate change may increase the frequency and severity of abiotic stresses, suggesting that development of varieties with improved stress tolerance is critical for future sustainable crop production. Improving stress tolerance requires a detailed understanding of the hormone signaling and transcriptional pathways involved in stress responses. Abscisic acid (ABA) and jasmonic acid (JA) are key stress-response hormones in plants, and some stress-responsive transcription factors such as ABFs and MYCs function as direct components of ABA and JA signaling, playing a pivotal role in plant tolerance to abiotic stress. In addition, extensive studies have identified other stress-responsive transcription factors belonging to the NAC, AP2/ERF, MYB, and WRKY families that mediate plant response and tolerance to abiotic stress. These suggest that transcriptional regulation of stress-responsive genes is an essential step to determine the mechanisms underlying plant stress responses and tolerance to abiotic stress, and that these transcription factors may be important targets for development of crops with enhanced abiotic stress tolerance. In this review, we briefly describe the mechanisms underlying plant abiotic stress responses, focusing on ABA and JA metabolism and signaling pathways. We then summarize the diverse array of transcription factors involved in plant responses to abiotic stress, while noting their potential applications for improvement of stress tolerance.
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33
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Tsogtbaatar E, Cocuron JC, Alonso AP. Non-conventional pathways enable pennycress (Thlaspi arvense L.) embryos to achieve high efficiency of oil biosynthesis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:3037-3051. [PMID: 32006014 PMCID: PMC7260723 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Pennycress (Thlaspi arvense L.) accumulates oil up to 35% of the total seed biomass, and its overall fatty acid composition is suitable for aviation fuel. However, for this plant to become economically viable, its oil production needs to be improved. In vivo culture conditions that resemble the development of pennycress embryos in planta were developed based on the composition of the liquid endosperm. Then, substrate uptake rates and biomass accumulation were measured from cultured pennycress embryos, revealing a biosynthetic efficiency of 93%, which is one of the highest in comparison with other oilseeds to date. Additionally, the ratio of carbon in oil to CO2 indicated that non-conventional pathways are likely to be responsible for such a high carbon conversion efficiency. To identify the reactions enabling this phenomenon, parallel labeling experiments with 13C-labeled substrates were conducted in pennycress embryos. The main findings of these labeling experiments include: (i) the occurrence of the oxidative reactions of the pentose phosphate pathway in the cytosol; (ii) the reversibility of isocitrate dehydrogenase; (iii) the operation of the plastidic NADP-dependent malic enzyme; and (iv) the refixation of CO2 by Rubisco. These reactions are key providers of carbon and reductant for fatty acid synthesis and elongation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ana Paula Alonso
- BioDiscovery Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
- Correspondence:
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Lee S, Kim MH, Lee JH, Jeon J, Kwak JM, Kim YJ. Glycosyltransferase-Like RSE1 Negatively Regulates Leaf Senescence Through Salicylic Acid Signaling in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:551. [PMID: 32499801 PMCID: PMC7242760 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Leaf senescence is a developmental process designed for nutrient recycling and relocation to maximize growth competence and reproductive capacity of plants. Thus, plants integrate developmental and environmental signals to precisely control senescence. To genetically dissect the complex regulatory mechanism underlying leaf senescence, we identified an early leaf senescence mutant, rse1. RSE1 encodes a putative glycosyltransferase. Loss-of-function mutations in RSE1 resulted in precocious leaf yellowing and up-regulation of senescence marker genes, indicating enhanced leaf senescence. Transcriptome analysis revealed that salicylic acid (SA) and defense signaling cascades were up-regulated in rse1 prior to the onset of leaf senescence. We found that SA accumulation was significantly increased in rse1. The rse1 phenotypes are dependent on SA-INDUCTION DEFICIENT 2 (SID2), supporting a role of SA in accelerated leaf senescence in rse1. Furthermore, RSE1 protein was localized to the cell wall, implying a possible link between the cell wall and RSE1 function. Together, we show that RSE1 negatively modulates leaf senescence through an SID2-dependent SA signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seulbee Lee
- Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Myung-Hee Kim
- Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Jae Ho Lee
- Department of New Biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Jieun Jeon
- Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science, Daegu, South Korea
- Department of New Biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, South Korea
| | - June M. Kwak
- Department of New Biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Yun Ju Kim
- Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science, Daegu, South Korea
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35
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Su L, Fang L, Zhu Z, Zhang L, Sun X, Wang Y, Wang Q, Li S, Xin H. The transcription factor VaNAC17 from grapevine (Vitis amurensis) enhances drought tolerance by modulating jasmonic acid biosynthesis in transgenic Arabidopsis. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2020; 39:621-634. [PMID: 32107612 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-020-02519-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Expression of VaNAC17 improved drought tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis by upregulating stress-responsive genes, modulating JA biosynthesis, and enhancing ROS scavenging. Water deficit severely affects the growth and development of plants such as grapevine (Vitis spp.). Members of the NAC (NAM, ATAF1/2, and CUC2) transcription factor (TF) family participate in drought-stress-induced signal transduction in plants, but little is known about the roles of NAC genes in drought tolerance in grapevine. Here, we explored the role of VaNAC17 in Vitis amurensis, a cold-hardy, drought-tolerant species of grapevine. VaNAC17 was strongly induced in grapevine by drought, exogenous abscisic acid (ABA), and methyl jasmonate (MeJA). A transient expression assay in yeast indicated that VaNAC17 functions as a transcriptional activator. Notably, heterologous expression of VaNAC17 in Arabidopsis thaliana enhanced drought tolerance. VaNAC17-expressing Arabidopsis plants showed decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation compared to wild-type plants under drought conditions. RNA-seq analysis indicated that VaNAC17 expression increased the transcription of downstream stress-responsive genes after 5 days of drought treatment, especially genes involved in jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthesis (such as LOX3, AOC1 and OPR3) and signaling (such as MYC2, JAZ1, VSP1 and CORI3) pathways. Endogenous JA levels increased in VaNAC17-OE plants under drought stress. Taken together, these results indicate that VaNAC17 plays a positive role in drought tolerance by modulating endogenous JA biosynthesis and ROS scavenging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingye Su
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture/Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Sciences and Enology, Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture Protection and Utilization/Guangdong Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Linchuan Fang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture/Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenfei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture/Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Langlang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture/Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoming Sun
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture/Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Sciences and Enology, Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingfeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture/Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaohua Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Sciences and Enology, Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Haiping Xin
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture/Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
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36
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Kimura S, Hunter K, Vaahtera L, Tran HC, Citterico M, Vaattovaara A, Rokka A, Stolze SC, Harzen A, Meißner L, Wilkens MMT, Hamann T, Toyota M, Nakagami H, Wrzaczek M. CRK2 and C-terminal Phosphorylation of NADPH Oxidase RBOHD Regulate Reactive Oxygen Species Production in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2020; 32:1063-1080. [PMID: 32034035 PMCID: PMC7145479 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.19.00525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are important messengers in eukaryotic organisms, and their production is tightly controlled. Active extracellular ROS production by NADPH oxidases in plants is triggered by receptor-like protein kinase-dependent signaling networks. Here, we show that CYSTEINE-RICH RLK2 (CRK2) kinase activity is required for plant growth and CRK2 exists in a preformed complex with the NADPH oxidase RESPIRATORY BURST OXIDASE HOMOLOG D (RBOHD) in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Functional CRK2 is required for the full elicitor-induced ROS burst, and consequently the crk2 mutant is impaired in defense against the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato DC3000. Our work demonstrates that CRK2 regulates plant innate immunity. We identified in vitro CRK2-dependent phosphorylation sites in the C-terminal region of RBOHD. Phosphorylation of S703 RBOHD is enhanced upon flg22 treatment, and substitution of S703 with Ala reduced ROS production in Arabidopsis. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that phospho-sites in the C-terminal region of RBOHD are conserved throughout the plant lineage and between animals and plants. We propose that regulation of NADPH oxidase activity by phosphorylation of the C-terminal region might be an ancient mechanism and that CRK2 is an important element in regulating microbe-associated molecular pattern-triggered ROS production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachie Kimura
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Viikki Plant Science Centre, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Kerri Hunter
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Viikki Plant Science Centre, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Lauri Vaahtera
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Huy Cuong Tran
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Viikki Plant Science Centre, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Matteo Citterico
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Viikki Plant Science Centre, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Aleksia Vaattovaara
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Viikki Plant Science Centre, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Anne Rokka
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku FI-20520, Finland
| | - Sara Christina Stolze
- Protein Mass Spectrometry Group, Max-Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, D-50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Anne Harzen
- Protein Mass Spectrometry Group, Max-Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, D-50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Lena Meißner
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Viikki Plant Science Centre, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Maya Melina Tabea Wilkens
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Viikki Plant Science Centre, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Thorsten Hamann
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Masatsugu Toyota
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saitama University, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53593, USA
| | - Hirofumi Nakagami
- Protein Mass Spectrometry Group, Max-Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, D-50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Michael Wrzaczek
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Viikki Plant Science Centre, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
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Down Regulation and Loss of Auxin Response Factor 4 Function Using CRISPR/Cas9 Alters Plant Growth, Stomatal Function and Improves Tomato Tolerance to Salinity and Osmotic Stress. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11030272. [PMID: 32138192 PMCID: PMC7140898 DOI: 10.3390/genes11030272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Auxin controls multiple aspects of plant growth and development. However, its role in stress responses remains poorly understood. Auxin acts on the transcriptional regulation of target genes, mainly through Auxin Response Factors (ARF). This study focuses on the involvement of SlARF4 in tomato tolerance to salinity and osmotic stress. Using a reverse genetic approach, we found that the antisense down-regulation of SlARF4 promotes root development and density, increases soluble sugars content and maintains chlorophyll content at high levels under stress conditions. Furthermore, ARF4-as displayed higher tolerance to salt and osmotic stress through reduced stomatal conductance coupled with increased leaf relative water content and Abscisic acid (ABA) content under normal and stressful conditions. This increase in ABA content was correlated with the activation of ABA biosynthesis genes and the repression of ABA catabolism genes. Cu/ZnSOD and mdhar genes were up-regulated in ARF4-as plants which can result in a better tolerance to salt and osmotic stress. A CRISPR/Cas9 induced SlARF4 mutant showed similar growth and stomatal responses as ARF4-as plants, which suggest that arf4-cr can tolerate salt and osmotic stresses. Our data support the involvement of ARF4 as a key factor in tomato tolerance to salt and osmotic stresses and confirm the use of CRISPR technology as an efficient tool for functional reverse genetics studies.
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Peng Q, Wang Z, Liu P, Liang Y, Zhao Z, Li W, Liu X, Xia Y. Oxathiapiprolin, a Novel Chemical Inducer Activates the Plant Disease Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1223. [PMID: 32059380 PMCID: PMC7072870 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxathiapiprolin was developed as a specific plant pathogenic oomycete inhibitor, previously shown to have highly curative and protective activities against the pepper Phytophthora blight disease under field and greenhouse tests. Therefore, it was hypothesized that oxathiapiprolin might potentially activate the plant disease resistance against pathogen infections. This study investigated the potential and related mechanism of oxathiapiprolin to activate the plant disease resistance using the bacterium Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato (Pst) and plant Arabidopsis interaction as the targeted system. Our results showed that oxathiapiprolin could activate the plant disease resistance against Pst DC3000, a non-target pathogen of oxathiapiprolin, in Arabidopsis, tobacco, and tomato plants. Our results also showed the enhanced callose deposition and H2O2 accumulation in the oxathiapiprolin-treated Arabidopsis under the induction of flg22 as the pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) treatment. Furthermore, increased levels of free salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) were detected in the oxathiapiprolin-treated Arabidopsis plants compared to the mock-treated ones under the challenge of Pst DC3000. Besides, the gene expression results confirmed that at 24 h after the infiltration with Pst DC3000, the oxathiapiprolin-treated Arabidopsis plants had upregulated expression levels of the respiratory burst oxidase homolog D (RBOHD), JA-responsive gene (PDF1.2), and SA-responsive genes (PR1, PR2, and PR5) compared to the control. Taken together, oxathiapiprolin is identified as a novel chemical inducer which activates the plant disease resistance against Pst DC3000 by enhancing the callose deposition, H2O2 accumulation, and hormone SA and JA production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Peng
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Q.P.); (Z.W.); (P.L.)
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Food, Agricultural, and Environmental Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
| | - Zhiwen Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Q.P.); (Z.W.); (P.L.)
| | - Pengfei Liu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Q.P.); (Z.W.); (P.L.)
| | - Yinping Liang
- College of Agronomy & Key Laboratory for Major Crop Diseases, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China;
| | - Zhenzhen Zhao
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Food, Agricultural, and Environmental Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
| | - Wenhui Li
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China;
| | - Xili Liu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Q.P.); (Z.W.); (P.L.)
| | - Ye Xia
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Food, Agricultural, and Environmental Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
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Han B, Jiang Y, Cui G, Mi J, Roelfsema MRG, Mouille G, Sechet J, Al-Babili S, Aranda M, Hirt H. CATION-CHLORIDE CO-TRANSPORTER 1 (CCC1) Mediates Plant Resistance against Pseudomonas syringae. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 182:1052-1065. [PMID: 31806735 PMCID: PMC6997689 DOI: 10.1104/pp.19.01279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Plasma membrane (PM) depolarization functions as an initial step in plant defense signaling pathways. However, only a few ion channels/transporters have been characterized in the context of plant immunity. Here, we show that the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) Na+:K+:2Cl- (NKCC) cotransporter CCC1 has a dual function in plant immunity. CCC1 functions independently of PM depolarization and negatively regulates pathogen-associated molecular pattern-triggered immunity. However, CCC1 positively regulates plant basal and effector-triggered resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) DC3000. In line with the compromised immunity to Pst DC3000, ccc1 mutants show reduced expression of genes encoding enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of antimicrobial peptides, camalexin, and 4-OH-ICN, as well as pathogenesis-related proteins. Moreover, genes involved in cell wall and cuticle biosynthesis are constitutively down-regulated in ccc1 mutants, and the cell walls of these mutants exhibit major changes in monosaccharide composition. The role of CCC1 ion transporter activity in the regulation of plant immunity is corroborated by experiments using the specific NKCC inhibitor bumetanide. These results reveal a function for ion transporters in immunity-related cell wall fortification and antimicrobial biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoda Han
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), DARWIN21, Biological and Environmental Science & Engineering Division (BESE), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yunhe Jiang
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), DARWIN21, Biological and Environmental Science & Engineering Division (BESE), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Guoxin Cui
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), Biological and Environmental Science & Engineering Division (BESE), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jianing Mi
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), DARWIN21, Biological and Environmental Science & Engineering Division (BESE), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - M Rob G Roelfsema
- Department of Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Würzburg, D-97082 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Grégory Mouille
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France
| | - Julien Sechet
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France
| | - Salim Al-Babili
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), DARWIN21, Biological and Environmental Science & Engineering Division (BESE), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manuel Aranda
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), Biological and Environmental Science & Engineering Division (BESE), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Heribert Hirt
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), DARWIN21, Biological and Environmental Science & Engineering Division (BESE), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Max Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay IPS2, CNRS, INRA, Université Paris-Sud, Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Bâtiment 630, 91405 Orsay, France
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Jiang Y, Zheng W, Li J, Liu P, Zhong K, Jin P, Xu M, Yang J, Chen J. NbWRKY40 Positively Regulates the Response of Nicotiana benthamiana to Tomato Mosaic Virus via Salicylic Acid Signaling. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:603518. [PMID: 33552099 PMCID: PMC7857026 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.603518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
WRKY transcription factors play important roles in plants, including responses to stress; however, our understanding of the function of WRKY genes in plant responses to viral infection remains limited. In this study, we investigate the role of NbWRKY40 in Nicotiana benthamiana resistance to tomato mosaic virus (ToMV). NbWRKY40 is significantly downregulated by ToMV infection, and subcellular localization analysis indicates that NbWRKY40 is targeted to the nucleus. In addition, NbWRKY40 activates W-box-dependent transcription in plants and shows transcriptional activation in yeast cells. Overexpressing NbWRKY40 (OEWRKY40) inhibits ToMV infection, whereas NbWRKY40 silencing confers susceptibility. The level of salicylic acid (SA) is significantly higher in OEWRKY40 plants compared with that of wild-type plants. In addition, transcript levels of the SA-biosynthesis gene (ICS1) and SA-signaling genes (PR1b and PR2) are dramatically higher in OEWRKY40 plants than in the control but lower in NbWRKY40-silenced plants than in the control. Furthermore, electrophoretic mobility shift assays show that NbWRKY40 can bind the W-box element of ICS1. Callose staining reveals that the plasmodesmata is decreased in OEWRKY40 plants but increased in NbWRKY40-silenced plants. Exogenous application of SA also reduces viral accumulation in NbWRKY40-silenced plants infected with ToMV. RT-qPCR indicates that NbWRKY40 does not affect the replication of ToMV in protoplasts. Collectively, our findings suggest that NbWRKY40 likely regulates anti-ToMV resistance by regulating the expression of SA, resulting in the deposition of callose at the neck of plasmodesmata, which inhibits viral movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyao Jiang
- College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Weiran Zheng
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peng Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Kaili Zhong
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Peng Jin
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Miaoze Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jian Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jianping Chen
- College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jianping Chen,
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Ahmad N, Khan MO, Islam E, Wei ZY, McAusland L, Lawson T, Johnson GN, Nixon PJ. Contrasting Responses to Stress Displayed by Tobacco Overexpressing an Algal Plastid Terminal Oxidase in the Chloroplast. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:501. [PMID: 32411169 PMCID: PMC7199157 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The plastid terminal oxidase (PTOX) - an interfacial diiron carboxylate protein found in the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts - oxidizes plastoquinol and reduces molecular oxygen to water. It is believed to play a physiologically important role in the response of some plant species to light and salt (NaCl) stress by diverting excess electrons to oxygen thereby protecting photosystem II (PSII) from photodamage. PTOX is therefore a candidate for engineering stress tolerance in crop plants. Previously, we used chloroplast transformation technology to over express PTOX1 from the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii in tobacco (generating line Nt-PTOX-OE). Contrary to expectation, growth of Nt-PTOX-OE plants was more sensitive to light stress. Here we have examined in detail the effects of PTOX1 on photosynthesis in Nt-PTOX-OE tobacco plants grown at two different light intensities. Under 'low light' (50 μmol photons m-2 s-1) conditions, Nt-PTOX-OE and WT plants showed similar photosynthetic activities. In contrast, under 'high light' (125 μmol photons m-2 s-1) conditions, Nt-PTOX-OE showed less PSII activity than WT while photosystem I (PSI) activity was unaffected. Nt-PTOX-OE grown under high light also failed to increase the chlorophyll a/b ratio and the maximum rate of CO2 assimilation compared to low-light grown plants, suggesting a defect in acclimation. In contrast, Nt-PTOX-OE plants showed much better germination, root length, and shoot biomass accumulation than WT when exposed to high levels of NaCl and showed better recovery and less chlorophyll bleaching after NaCl stress when grown hydroponically. Overall, our results strengthen the link between PTOX and the resistance of plants to salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niaz Ahmad
- Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Department of Life Sciences, Sir Ernst Chain Building–Wolfson Laboratories, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Niaz Ahmad, ;
| | - Muhammad Omar Khan
- Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ejazul Islam
- Soil and Environmental Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Zheng-Yi Wei
- Department of Life Sciences, Sir Ernst Chain Building–Wolfson Laboratories, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Science, Changchun, China
| | - Lorna McAusland
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Essex, United Kingdom
| | - Tracy Lawson
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Essex, United Kingdom
| | - Giles N. Johnson
- School of Natural Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Peter J. Nixon
- Department of Life Sciences, Sir Ernst Chain Building–Wolfson Laboratories, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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42
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Rodrigues AM, Ribeiro-Barros AI, António C. Experimental Design and Sample Preparation in Forest Tree Metabolomics. Metabolites 2019; 9:E285. [PMID: 31766588 PMCID: PMC6950530 DOI: 10.3390/metabo9120285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Appropriate experimental design and sample preparation are key steps in metabolomics experiments, highly influencing the biological interpretation of the results. The sample preparation workflow for plant metabolomics studies includes several steps before metabolite extraction and analysis. These include the optimization of laboratory procedures, which should be optimized for different plants and tissues. This is particularly the case for trees, whose tissues are complex matrices to work with due to the presence of several interferents, such as oleoresins, cellulose. A good experimental design, tree tissue harvest conditions, and sample preparation are crucial to ensure consistency and reproducibility of the metadata among datasets. In this review, we discuss the main challenges when setting up a forest tree metabolomics experiment for mass spectrometry (MS)-based analysis covering all technical aspects from the biological question formulation and experimental design to sample processing and metabolite extraction and data acquisition. We also highlight the importance of forest tree metadata standardization in metabolomics studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M. Rodrigues
- Plant Metabolomics Laboratory, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal; (A.M.R.); (A.I.R.-B.)
| | - Ana I. Ribeiro-Barros
- Plant Metabolomics Laboratory, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal; (A.M.R.); (A.I.R.-B.)
- Plant Stress and Biodiversity Laboratory, Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food (LEAF), Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa (ISA/ULisboa), 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Carla António
- Plant Metabolomics Laboratory, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal; (A.M.R.); (A.I.R.-B.)
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Atia MAM, Abdeldaym EA, Abdelsattar M, Ibrahim DSS, Saleh I, Elwahab MA, Osman GH, Arif IA, Abdelaziz ME. Piriformospora indica promotes cucumber tolerance against Root-knot nematode by modulating photosynthesis and innate responsive genes. Saudi J Biol Sci 2019; 27:279-287. [PMID: 31889848 PMCID: PMC6933207 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2019.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Root Knot Nematode (RKN, Meloidogyne incognita) is one of the greatest damaging soil pathogens causes severe yield losses in cucumber and many other economic crops. Here, we evaluated the potential antagonistic effect of the root mutualistic fungus Piriformospora indica against RKN and their impact on vegetative growth, yield, photosynthesis, endogenous salicylic acid (SA) and its responsive genes. Our results showed that P. indica dramatically decreased the damage on shoot and root architecture of cucumber plants, which consequently enhanced yield of infested plants. Likewise, P. indica colonization clearly improved the chlorophyll content and delimited the negative impact of RNK on photosynthesis. Moreover, P. indica colonization exhibited a significant reduction of different vital nematological parameters such as soil larva density, amount of eggs/eggmass, eggmasses, females and amount of galls at cucumber roots. Additionally, the results showed that SA level was significantly increased generally in the roots of all treatments especially in plants infested with RKN alone as compared to control. This suggests that P. indica promoting SA levels in host cucumber plant roots to antagonize the RKN and alleviate severity damages occurred in its roots. This higher levels of SA in cucumber roots was consistent with the higher expressional levels of SA pathway genes PR1 and PR3. Furthermore, P. indica colonization reduces PR1, PR3 and increased NPR1 in roots of RKN infested cucumber plants when compared to non-colonized plants. Interestingly, our in vitro results showed that direct application of P. indica suspension against the J2s exhibited a significant increase in mortality ratio. Our results collectively suggest that P. indica promoting morphological, physiological and SA levels that might together play a major important role to alleviate the adverse impact of RKN in cucumber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A M Atia
- Agricultural Genetic Engineering Research Institute (AGERI), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), 12619 Giza, Egypt
| | | | - Mohamed Abdelsattar
- Agricultural Genetic Engineering Research Institute (AGERI), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), 12619 Giza, Egypt
| | - Dina S S Ibrahim
- Nematology Department, Plant Pathology Institute, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), 12619 Giza, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim Saleh
- Prince Sultan Research Chair for Environment and Wildlife, Department of Botany & Microbiology, College of Sciences, King Saud University (KSU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Gamal H Osman
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makka, Saudi Arabia.,Microbial Genetics Department, Agricultural Genetic Engineering Research Institute (AGERI), Giza, Egypt.,Research Laboratories Center, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim A Arif
- Prince Sultan Research Chair for Environment and Wildlife, Department of Botany & Microbiology, College of Sciences, King Saud University (KSU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Kim J, Lee JG, Hong Y, Lee EJ. Analysis of eight phytohormone concentrations, expression levels of ABA biosynthesis genes, and ripening-related transcription factors during fruit development in strawberry. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 239:52-60. [PMID: 31185317 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2019.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The contents of eight phytohormones and the expression levels of genes encoding enzymes related to abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis and deactivation/degradation and transcription factors (TFs) related to fruit ripening were studied in the non-climacteric strawberry fruit (Fragaria × ananassa Duch., cv. 'Seolhyang') at six developmental stages. The hormones tested were ABA, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), gibberellic acid 4 (GA4), jasmonic acid (JA), methyljasmonate (MJ), jasmonoyl isoleucine (JA-Ile), salicylic acid (SA), and ethylene (ET). The developmental and ripening stages studied were small green (S1, 11 days post-anthesis, DPA), green (S2, 20 DPA), breaker (S3, 24 DPA), pink (S4, 27 DPA), red (S5, 31 DPA), and fully red (S6, 40 DPA). IAA and GA4 contents were highest at S1 and gradually decreased after this stage. ABA content was low at S1-S3 and then increased rapidly until peaking at S6. By contrast, MJ content showed no significant changes over time, while SA content gradually increased. JA, JA-Ile, and ET contents were either insufficient for quantification or undetectable. Expression of the ABA biosynthesis genes FaNCED1 and FaABA2 increased during fruit ripening, whereas expression of the ABA deactivation/degradation genes FaUGT75C1 and FaCYP707A1 was high early in development, when ABA content was low, and then decreased. Among four ripening-related TF genes, FaMYB1, FaMYB5, FaMYB10, and FaASR, only the expression of FaMYB10 seemed to be closely related to strawberry fruit ripening. Our study supports the idea that ABA and FaMYB10 appear to be the key hormone and TF regulating strawberry ripening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joonggon Kim
- Department of Plant Science, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Gu Lee
- Department of Plant Science, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonpyo Hong
- National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, 55365 Wanju-gun, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jin Lee
- Department of Plant Science, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Joshi R, Paul M, Kumar A, Pandey D. Role of calreticulin in biotic and abiotic stress signalling and tolerance mechanisms in plants. Gene 2019; 714:144004. [PMID: 31351124 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.144004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Calreticulin (CRT) is calcium binding protein of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) which performs plethora of functions besides it's role as molecular chaperone. Among the three different isoforms of this protein, CRT3 is most closely related to primitive CRT gene of higher plants. Based on their distinct structural and functional organisation, the plant CRTs have been known to contain three different domains: N, P and the C domain. The domain organisation and various biochemical characterstics of plant and animal CRTs are common with the exception of some differences. In plant calreticulin, the important N-glycosylation site(s) are replaced by the glycan chain(s) and several consensus sequences for in vitro phosphorylation by protein kinase CK2 (casein kinase-2), are also present unlike the animal calreticulin. Biotic and abiotic stresses play a significant role in bringing down the crop production. The role of various phytohormones in defense against fungal pathogens is well documented. CRT3 has been reported to play important role in protecting the plants against fungal and bacterial pathogens and in maintaining plant innate immunity. There is remarkable crosstalk between CRT mediated signalling and biotic, abiotic stress, and phytohormone mediated signalling pathways The role of CRT mediated pathway in mitigating biotic and abiotic stress can be further explored in plants so as to strategically modify it for development of stress tolerant plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rini Joshi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, College of Basic Sciences & Humanities, G. B. Pant University of Ag.& Tech., Pantnagar 263145, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Meenu Paul
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, College of Basic Sciences & Humanities, G. B. Pant University of Ag.& Tech., Pantnagar 263145, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Anil Kumar
- Rani Laxmi Bai Central Agriculture University, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh 284003, India
| | - Dinesh Pandey
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, College of Basic Sciences & Humanities, G. B. Pant University of Ag.& Tech., Pantnagar 263145, Uttarakhand, India.
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Nawaz G, Han Y, Usman B, Liu F, Qin B, Li R. Knockout of OsPRP1, a gene encoding proline-rich protein, confers enhanced cold sensitivity in rice ( Oryza sativa L.) at the seedling stage. 3 Biotech 2019; 9:254. [PMID: 31192079 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-019-1787-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Proline-rich proteins (PRPs) play multiple physiological and biochemical roles in plant growth and stress response. In this study, we reported that the knockout of OsPRP1 induced cold sensitivity in rice. Mutant plants were generated by CRISPR/Cas9 technology to investigate the role of OsPRP1 in cold stress and 26 mutant plants were obtained in T0 generation with the mutation rate of 85% including 15% bi-allelic, 53.3% homozygous, and 16.7% heterozygous and 16 T-DNA-free lines in T1 generation. The conserved amino acid sequence was changed and the expression level of OsPRP1 was reduced in mutant plants. The OsPRP1 mutant plants displayed more sensitivity to cold stress and showed low survival rate with decreased root biomass than wild-type (WT) and homozygous mutant line with large fragment deletion was more sensitive to low temperature. Mutant lines accumulated less antioxidant enzyme activity and lower levels of proline, chlorophyll, abscisic acid (ABA), and ascorbic acid (AsA) content relative to WT under low-temperature stress. The changes of antioxidant enzymes were examined in the leaves and roots with exogenous salicylic acid (SA) treatment which resulted in increased activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) under cold stress, while enzyme antioxidant activity was lower in untreated seedlings which showed that exogenous SA pretreatment could alleviate the low-temperature stress in rice. Furthermore, the expression of three genes encoding antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD4, POX1, and OsCAT3) was significantly down-regulated in the mutant lines as compared to WT. These results suggested that OsPRP1 enhances cold tolerance by modulating antioxidants and maintaining cross talk through signaling pathways. Therefore, OsPRP1 gene could be exploited for improving cold tolerance in rice and CRISPR/Cas9 technology is helpful to study the function of a gene by analyzing the phenotypes of knockout mutants generated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gul Nawaz
- College of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004 China
| | - Yue Han
- College of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004 China
| | - Babar Usman
- College of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004 China
| | - Fang Liu
- College of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004 China
| | - Baoxiang Qin
- College of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004 China
| | - Rongbai Li
- College of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004 China
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Yang X, Lu Y, Zhao X, Jiang L, Xu S, Peng J, Zheng H, Lin L, Wu Y, MacFarlane S, Chen J, Yan F. Downregulation of Nuclear Protein H2B Induces Salicylic Acid Mediated Defense Against PVX Infection in Nicotiana benthamiana. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1000. [PMID: 31134032 PMCID: PMC6517552 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone H2B protein is not only structurally important for chromosomal DNA packaging but is also involved in the regulation of gene expression, including the immune response of plants against pathogens. In this study, we show that the potato virus X (PVX) infection resulted in the reduced expression of H2B at both the mRNA and protein level in Nicotiana benthamiana. Tobacco rattle virus (TRV)-based virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) was then used to down-regulate the expression of H2B in N. benthamiana and tests showed that the titre of TRV was similar in these plants to that in control treated plants. When these H2B-silenced plants were inoculated with PVX, the virus spread more slowly through the plant and there was a lower titre of PVX compared to non-silenced plants. Abnormal leaf development and stem necrosis were observed in the H2B-silenced plants, which were alleviated in H2B-silenced NahG transgenic plants suggesting the involvement of salicylic acid (SA) in the production of these symptoms. Indeed, quantitative reverse transcription (qRT)-PCR and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectroscopy (LC-MS) results showed that endogenous SA is increased in H2B-silenced N. benthamiana. Thus, downregulation of H2B induced the accumulation of endogenous SA, which was correlated with stem necrosis and a decreased accumulation of PVX in N. benthamiana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Yang
- Department of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuwen Lu
- Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Xing Zhao
- Department of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Liangliang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Pest and Disease – Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shengchun Xu
- Central Laboratory of Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiejun Peng
- Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Pest and Disease – Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongying Zheng
- Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Pest and Disease – Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lin Lin
- Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Pest and Disease – Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuanhua Wu
- Department of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Stuart MacFarlane
- Cell and Molecular Sciences Group, The James Hutton Institute, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Jianping Chen
- Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Pest and Disease – Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fei Yan
- Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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Cai Y, Yan J, Li Q, Deng Z, Liu S, Lu J, Zhang Y. Sucrose transporters of resistant grapevine are involved in stress resistance. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 100:111-132. [PMID: 30806883 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-019-00847-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The whole promoter regions of SUTs in Vitis were firstly isolated. SUTs are involved in the adaptation to biotic and abiotic stresses. The vulnerability of Vitis vinifera to abiotic and biotic stresses limits its yields. In contrast, Vitis amurensis displays resistance to environmental stresses, such as microbial pathogens, low temperatures, and drought. Sucrose transporters (SUTs) are important regulators for plant growth and stress tolerance; however, the role that SUTs play in stress resistance in V. amurensis is not known. Using V. amurensis Ruper. 'Zuoshan-1' and V. vinifera 'Chardonnay', we found that SUC27 was highly expressed in several vegetative organs of Zuoshan-1, SUC12 was weakly expressed or absent in most organs in both the species, and the distribution of SUC11 in source and sink organs was highest in Zuoshan-1. A search for cis-regulatory elements in the promoter sequences of SUTs revealed that they were regulated by light, environmental stresses, physiological correlation, and hormones. The SUTs in Zuoshan-1 mostly show a higher and rapid response than in Chardonnay under the induction by Plasmopara viticola infection, cold, water deficit, and dark conditions. The induction of SUTs was associated with the upregulation of key genes involved in sucrose metabolism and the biosynthesis of plant hormones. These results indicate that stress resistance in Zuoshan-1 is governed by the differential distribution and induction of SUTs by various stimuli, and the subsequent promotion of sucrose metabolism and hormone synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumeng Cai
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Yan
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qike Li
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhefang Deng
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shaoli Liu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiang Lu
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yali Zhang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
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Lopez Del Egido L, Toorop PE, Lanfermeijer FC. Seed enhancing treatments: comparative analysis of germination characteristics of 23 key herbaceous species used in European restoration programmes. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2019; 21:398-408. [PMID: 30427114 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The response of seeds from 23 wild plant species to a range of seed enhancing treatments was studied. We tested the hypothesis that sensitivity of the 23 species to these compounds is related to their ecological niche. The three ecological niches considered were open land, open-pioneer and woodland. Hence, the germination of a species is likely adapted to different light conditions and other environmental signals related to the niche. As representatives of environmental signals, the effects of smoke-related compounds (karrikinolide, KAR1 ), nitrate and plant growth regulator (gibberellic acid, GA3 ) on germination were studied. Seeds were exposed to these additives in the imbibition medium; all described as germination cues. We also investigated the effect of light regimes and additives on germination parameters, which included final germination, germination rate and uniformity of germination. Seeds were placed to germinate under three light conditions: constant red light, constant darkness and 12 h white light photoperiod. We observed inhibition by KAR under light in some species, which may have ecological implications. The results showed that no single treatment increased the germination of all the tested species, rather a wide variation of responsiveness of the different species to the three compounds was found. Additionally, no interaction was found between responsiveness to compounds and ecological niche. However, species in the same ecological niche and dormancy class showed a similar responsiveness to light. Species that share a similar environment have similar light requirements for germination, while differences exist among species in their responsiveness to other germination cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Lopez Del Egido
- Seed Physiology Department, Syngenta Seeds B.V., Enkhuizen, the Netherlands
- Department of Earth Science and Environment, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - P E Toorop
- Department of Comparative Plant and Fungal Biology, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Ardingly, UK
| | - F C Lanfermeijer
- Seed Physiology Department, Syngenta Seeds B.V., Enkhuizen, the Netherlands
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50
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Drenichev MS, Bennett M, Novikov RA, Mansfield J, Smirnoff N, Grant M, Mikhailov SN. A role for 3'-O-β-D-ribofuranosyladenosine in altering plant immunity. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2019; 157:128-134. [PMID: 30399495 PMCID: PMC6290457 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2018.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Our understanding of how, and the extent to which, phytopathogens reconfigure host metabolic pathways to enhance virulence is remarkably limited. Here we investigate the dynamics of the natural disaccharide nucleoside, 3'-O-β-D-ribofuranosyladenosine, in leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana infected with virulent Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato strain DC3000. 3'-O-β-D-ribofuranosyladenosine is a plant derived molecule that rapidly accumulates following delivery of P. syringae type III effectors to represent a major component of the infected leaf metabolome. We report the first synthesis of 3'-O-β-D-ribofuranosyladenosine using a method involving the condensation of a small excess of 1-O-acetyl-2,3,5-three-O-benzoyl-β-ribofuranose activated with tin tetrachloride with 2',5'-di-O-tert-butyldimethylsilyladenosine in 1,2-dichloroethane with further removal of silyl and benzoyl protecting groups. Interestingly, application of synthetic 3'-O-β-D-ribofuranosyladenosine did not affect either bacterial multiplication or infection dynamics suggesting a major reconfiguration of metabolism during pathogenesis and a heavy metabolic burden on the infected plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail S Drenichev
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Str. 32, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Mark Bennett
- Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Roman A Novikov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Str. 32, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
| | - John Mansfield
- Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Nick Smirnoff
- School of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4QD, United Kingdom
| | - Murray Grant
- School of Life Sciences, Gibbet Hill, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom.
| | - Sergey N Mikhailov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Str. 32, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
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