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Mohamad RMA, Alhawiti WM, Alshehri WA, Alhaj Ali RM, Alhakami ST, Alatawi MM, Almutairi AA, Al Atawi ES, Alkhaibari DG, Saleh RM, Awaji HH. Assessment of Adolescents' Overweight and Obesity Risk Factors Among Alabnaa Schools in Tabuk City, Saudi Arabia. Cureus 2024; 16:e61533. [PMID: 38957243 PMCID: PMC11218896 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.61533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of overweight and obesity among adolescents in Saudi Arabia has been progressively increasing. Obesity is associated with an increased risk of various morbidities and mortality. Identifying the factors that contribute to obesity in this age group is crucial for implementing targeted prevention measures. AIM The aim of this study was to identify risk factors for overweight and obesity among adolescents aged nine to 17 years residing in Tabuk City, Saudi Arabia. METHODS A case-control study was conducted during the 2021-2022 academic year at Alabnaa Schools in Tabuk City, Saudi Arabia. The study included overweight/obese individuals (cases, n = 125) and normal-weight individuals (controls, n = 201) who were selected based on their body mass index and classified according to the World Health Organization's reference for defining overweight and obesity in individuals aged five to 19 years. Data were collected from both groups using a self-administered questionnaire. RESULTS The study analyzed 125 overweight/obese students and 201 normal-weight students who were matched for sex and age (p > 0.05). Logistic regression analysis identified several risk factors for overweight or obesity among adolescents. A family history of obesity was found to be associated with a 5.735 times increased likelihood of obesity (95% CI: 3.318-9.912, p < 0.001). Another significant contributing risk factor for obesity was frequent consumption of four or more meals per day (adjusted odds ratio: 3.091, 95% CI: 1.094-8.736, p = 0.033). Students who used electronic devices for more than five hours were 2.422 times more likely to exhibit obesity (p = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS Certain factors may increase the risk of overweight or obesity in adolescents aged nine to 17 years. These factors include frequent eating, prolonged use of electronic devices, family history of obesity, and the misconception that obesity is not an illness. Tailored school health programs are needed to improve students' healthy lifestyles and eating behaviors, minimize sedentary entertainment and use of electronic devices, and engage children in physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Waheed Ali Alshehri
- Preventive Medicine Department, King Salman Armed Forces Hospital, Tabuk, SAU
| | | | | | | | | | - Eman Saeed Al Atawi
- Preventive Medicine Department, King Salman Armed Forces Hospital, Tabuk, SAU
| | | | - Rakan Mahmoud Saleh
- Preventive Medicine Department, King Salman Armed Forces Hospital, Tabuk, SAU
| | - Hosam Hadi Awaji
- Preventive Medicine Department, King Salman Armed Forces Hospital, Tabuk, SAU
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Vasile CM, Padovani P, Rujinski SD, Nicolosu D, Toma C, Turcu AA, Cioboata R. The Increase in Childhood Obesity and Its Association with Hypertension during Pandemics. J Clin Med 2023; 12:5909. [PMID: 37762850 PMCID: PMC10531996 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12185909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
There has been a major ongoing health impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on children's lives, including lifestyle and overall health. Enforcement of prevention measures, such as school closures and social distancing, has significantly affected children's daily routines and activities. This perspective manuscript aims to explore the rise in childhood obesity and its association with hypertension during pandemics. The COVID-19 pandemic has led to significant disruptions in children's routines, including reduced physical activity, increased sedentary behavior, and changes in dietary patterns. These factors, coupled with the psychological impact of the pandemic, have contributed to an alarming increase in childhood obesity rates. This paper has highlighted the concerning increase in childhood obesity and hypertension during pandemics. The disruptions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, including reduced physical activity, increased sedentary behaviors, and changes in dietary patterns, have contributed to the rise in these health conditions. It is crucial to recognize the long-term consequences of childhood obesity and hypertension and the urgent need for a comprehensive approach to address them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corina Maria Vasile
- Department of Pediatric and Adult Congenital Cardiology, University Hospital of Bordeaux, F-33600 Bordeaux, France;
| | - Paul Padovani
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, FHU PreciCare, F-44000 Nantes, France;
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, CIC FEA 1413, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | | | - Dragos Nicolosu
- Pneumology Department, Victor Babes University Hospital Craiova, 200515 Craiova, Romania; (D.N.); (R.C.)
| | - Claudia Toma
- Pneumology Department, University of Medicine Carol Davila, 020021 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Adina Andreea Turcu
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Pharmacy and Medicine Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Ramona Cioboata
- Pneumology Department, Victor Babes University Hospital Craiova, 200515 Craiova, Romania; (D.N.); (R.C.)
- Pneumology Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 200349 Craiova, Romania
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3
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Liu X, Turel O, Xiao Z, Lv C, He Q. Neural differences of food-specific inhibitory control in people with healthy vs higher BMI. Appetite 2023; 188:106759. [PMID: 37390598 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2023.106759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Consistent with the idea that deficits in inhibition limit resistance to tempting, tasty, high-calorie foods, and might result in a higher BMI, we test whether people with higher BMIs (BMI >25 kg/m2) present inefficient inhibitory control over food-related responses. To unpack this association, we also examine individual differences in the neural mechanisms of food inhibitory control in healthy vs higher BMI individuals. We test these aspects with a sample of 109 participants (49 with higher BMI and 60 with healthy BMI) and the food stop-signal task, which was used to examine individuals' inhibitory control. Results demonstrated that people with higher BMI had significantly poorer food inhibitory control than healthy BMI individuals. fMRI results showed that, in both Go (Go_food vs Go_nature) and Stop conditions (Stop_food vs Stop_nature), compared to healthy BMI individuals, individuals with higher BMI had lower activation in the superior frontal gyrus, precuneus, precentral gyrus, and supramarginal gyrus in the food stimulus condition. Moreover, ROI analysis results showed that under the Stop_food condition, the activation in the inferior frontal gyrus in the higher BMI group was significantly negatively correlated with inhibitory control abilities. These results suggest that people with a higher BMI have limited ability to inhibit food impulsions, and that the prefrontal regions and parietal cortex may contribute to the progression of inhibitory control limitations in relation to food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Liu
- Faculty of Psychology, MOE Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ofir Turel
- Computing Information Systems, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Zhibing Xiao
- Faculty of Psychology, MOE Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chenyu Lv
- Faculty of Psychology, MOE Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qinghua He
- Faculty of Psychology, MOE Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; Southwest University Branch, Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment toward Basic Education Quality at Beijing Normal University, Chongqing, China.
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4
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Yang Y, Xu H, Zhang Y, Chen L, Tian C, Huang B, Chen Y, Ma L. Associations of dietary antioxidant micronutrients with the prevalence of obesity in adults. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1098761. [PMID: 36992905 PMCID: PMC10040542 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1098761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundAntioxidant micronutrients have a therapeutic potential for clinical treatment of obesity. NO research, however, has examined the connection between the complex level of dietary antioxidants and obesity.Materials and methodsWe mainly aimed to investigate the relationship between a combination of antioxidants and obesity using the database of the national health and nutrition examination survey (NHANES). This cross-sectional study contains a survey of 41,021 people (≥18 years) in total ranging from 2005 to 2018. Multivariate logistic and weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression were performed to investigate the associations between these antioxidants, both individually and collectively, and the prevalence of obesity. The restricted cubic spline (RCS) regression was also utilized to analyze the linearity of these associations.ResultsAccording to multivariate logistic models, we found that the levels of most antioxidants in the highest quartile were independently related to a lower prevalence of obesity, while a reverse result was observed in selenium (p for trend <0.05). The WQS index revealed that a total of the 11 antioxidants is negatively related to the prevalence of obesity and abdominal obesity (all p<0.001), and iron/vitamin C have the greatest weight in the negative associations between antioxidant complex and obesity, as well as abdominal obesity. In addition, the RCS regression showed that retinol, vitamin A, α-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, vitamin C, iron, and copper all had a non-linear association with obesity. Threshold effect analysis demonstrated that the inflection points of retinol, vitamin A, α-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, vitamin C, iron, and cooper were 235.57, 374.81, 58.89, 891.44, 30.70, 43,410.00, 11,240.00, and 990.00 μg/day, respectively.ConclusionOur study found that a high level of a complex of 11 dietary antioxidants is related to a lower prevalence of obesity and abdominal obesity, among this inverse associations iron and vitamin C have the greatest weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazhu Yang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Haifeng Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Reproductive Medicine Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chengzi Tian
- Department of Reproductive Medicine Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bihui Huang
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Lin Ma, ; Youpeng Chen, ; Bihui Huang,
| | - Youpeng Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Lin Ma, ; Youpeng Chen, ; Bihui Huang,
| | - Lin Ma
- Department of Reproductive Medicine Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Lin Ma, ; Youpeng Chen, ; Bihui Huang,
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Sah DK, Arjunan A, Park SY, Jung YD. Bile acids and microbes in metabolic disease. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:6846-6866. [PMID: 36632317 PMCID: PMC9827586 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i48.6846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Bile acids (BAs) serve as physiological detergents that enable the intestinal absorption and transportation of nutrients, lipids and vitamins. BAs are primarily produced by humans to catabolize cholesterol and play crucial roles in gut metabolism, microbiota habitat regulation and cell signaling. BA-activated nuclear receptors regulate the enterohepatic circulation of BAs which play a role in energy, lipid, glucose, and drug metabolism. The gut microbiota plays an essential role in the biotransformation of BAs and regulates BAs composition and metabolism. Therefore, altered gut microbial and BAs activity can affect human metabolism and thus result in the alteration of metabolic pathways and the occurrence of metabolic diseases/syndromes, such as diabetes mellitus, obesity/hypercholesterolemia, and cardiovascular diseases. BAs and their metabolites are used to treat altered gut microbiota and metabolic diseases. This review explores the increasing body of evidence that links alterations of gut microbial activity and BAs with the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases. Moreover, we summarize existing research on gut microbes and BAs in relation to intracellular pathways pertinent to metabolic disorders. Finally, we discuss how therapeutic interventions using BAs can facilitate microbiome functioning and ease metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhiraj Kumar Sah
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 501190, South Korea
| | - Archana Arjunan
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 501190, South Korea
| | - Sun Young Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 501190, South Korea
| | - Young Do Jung
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 501190, South Korea
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Pang Y, Zheng Y, Yang N, Zan M, Zhang L, Ding W. Potential novel biomarkers in small intestine for obesity/obesity resistance revealed by multi-omics analysis. Lipids Health Dis 2022; 21:98. [PMID: 36209126 PMCID: PMC9547412 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-022-01711-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although obesity is caused by different factors, individual susceptibility to obesity differs among people under the same circumstances. The microbiota in the caecum or fresh faeces and metabolites in blood or urine contribute to obesity resistance; however, the microbiota or metabolites in the small intestine have not been extensively studied. Methods To investigate the relationship between the microbiota or metabolites in the small intestine and susceptibility to obesity, eighty-eight male C57BL/6 mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 8 weeks to establish two models of obesity and obesity resistance. For further study, six mice were chosen from among the obesity models, and twelve mice were randomly chosen from among the obesity resistance models. After fasting plasma glucose and behavioural testing, the mice were fed in single cages for another 4 weeks to observe their weight and food intake. All mice were sacrificed at 20 weeks of age. Serum ALT, AST, HDL, LDL, TG and TC levels were measured using an automatic biochemical analyser. The microbiota and metabolites in the small intestine contents were analysed using 16 S sequencing and an ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatographic system, respectively. Transcripts in the jejunum were evaluated using full-length transcriptome sequencing and verified by qPCR. Results The results showed that HFD induced depression and anxiety behaviours and higher fasting plasma glucose, ALT, AST, HDL, LDL, TG and TC levels in the obese mice; however, these levels were improved in obese resistance mice. The correlation analysis showed that the phosphatidylcholine, TG, and phosphatidylethanolamine levels were higher in obese mice and correlated positively with intestinal microflora (Desulfovibrio and Gemella) and the Cxcl10 gene. A higher abundance of Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 in obesity-resistant mice correlated negatively with the metabolite contents (neuromedin N and enkephalin L) and Pck1 gene expression and correlated positively with certain metabolites (5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan, cinnamyl alcohol and 1 H-indole-3-acetamide) and genes expression (Gdf15, Igfbp6 and Spp1). Conclusion Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1, neuromedin N, enkephalin L, Pck1, 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan, Cxcl10 and cinnamyl alcohol may be novel biomarkers in the small intestine for obesity/obesity resistance. These might be helpful for obesity prevention or for treating obese patients. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12944-022-01711-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueshan Pang
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 611130, Chengdu, China.,The Second Clinical Medical College, North SiChuan Medical College, 637000, Nanchong, China
| | - Yali Zheng
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 611130, Chengdu, China
| | - Ni Yang
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 611130, Chengdu, China
| | - Meng Zan
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 611130, Chengdu, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 611130, Chengdu, China
| | - WeiJun Ding
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 611130, Chengdu, China.
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7
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Livingstone KM, Brayner B, Celis-Morales C, Moschonis G, Manios Y, Traczyk I, Drevon CA, Daniel H, Saris WHM, Lovegrove JA, Gibney M, Gibney ER, Brennan L, Martinez JA, Mathers JC. Associations between dietary patterns, FTO genotype and obesity in adults from seven European countries. Eur J Nutr 2022; 61:2953-2965. [PMID: 35307761 PMCID: PMC9363276 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-022-02858-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE High-fat and low-fibre discretionary food intake and FTO genotype are each associated independently with higher risk of obesity. However, few studies have investigated links between obesity and dietary patterns based on discretionary food intake, and the interaction effect of FTO genotype are unknown. Thus, this study aimed to derive dietary patterns based on intake of discretionary foods, saturated fatty acids (SFA) and fibre, and examine cross-sectional associations with BMI and waist circumference (WC), and interaction effects of FTO genotype. METHODS Baseline data on 1280 adults from seven European countries were included (the Food4Me study). Dietary intake was estimated from a Food Frequency Questionnaire. Reduced rank regression was used to derive three dietary patterns using response variables of discretionary foods, SFA and fibre density. DNA was extracted from buccal swabs. Anthropometrics were self-measured. Linear regression analyses were used to examine associations between dietary patterns and BMI and WC, with an interaction for FTO genotype. RESULTS Dietary pattern 1 (positively correlated with discretionary foods and SFA, and inversely correlated with fibre) was associated with higher BMI (β:0.64; 95% CI 0.44, 0.84) and WC (β:1.58; 95% CI 1.08, 2.07). There was limited evidence dietary pattern 2 (positively correlated with discretionary foods and SFA) and dietary pattern 3 (positively correlated with SFA and fibre) were associated with anthropometrics. FTO risk genotype was associated with higher BMI and WC, with no evidence of a dietary interaction. CONCLUSIONS Consuming a dietary pattern low in discretionary foods and high-SFA and low-fibre foods is likely to be important for maintaining a healthy weight, regardless of FTO predisposition to obesity. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov NCT01530139. Registered 9 February 2012 https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01530139.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M Livingstone
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, 1 Gheringhap St, Geelong, 3220, Australia.
| | - Barbara Brayner
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, 1 Gheringhap St, Geelong, 3220, Australia
| | - Carlos Celis-Morales
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, 126 University Pl, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
- Human Performance Lab, Education, Physical Activity and Health Research Unit, University Católica del Maule, 3466706, Talca, Chile
| | - George Moschonis
- Department of Dietetics, Nutrition and Sport, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Yannis Manios
- Department of Dietetics, Nutrition and Sport, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Iwona Traczyk
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Christian A Drevon
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hannelore Daniel
- Molecular Nutrition Unit, Department Food and Nutrition, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Wim H M Saris
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Julie A Lovegrove
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Mike Gibney
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Republic of Ireland
| | - Eileen R Gibney
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Republic of Ireland
| | - Lorraine Brennan
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Republic of Ireland
| | - J Alfredo Martinez
- Precision Nutrition and Cardiometabolic Health, IMDEA-Food Institute (Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies), CEI UAM + CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - John C Mathers
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
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8
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Dietary patterns, genetic risk, and incidence of obesity: Application of reduced rank regression in 11,735 adults from the UK Biobank study. Prev Med 2022; 158:107035. [PMID: 35346749 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2022.107035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Few studies have derived dietary patterns based on intake of discretionary foods and beverages and examined associations with genetic risk and obesity. We examined associations between dietary patterns based on discretionary foods, saturated fatty acids (SFA), and fiber, with a polygenetic risk score (PRS) for obesity and risk of overall obesity, central obesity and high body fat (BF) up to 9.7 years later. Data from 11,735 adults from the UK Biobank cohort study were used. Dietary patterns were derived from 24-h dietary assessments using reduced rank regression (response variables: discretionary foods and beverages [%E]; SFA [%E]; fiber density [g/MJ]). Cox proportional hazard models were used to investigate associations between dietary patterns and incident overall obesity, central obesity and high BF, with interactions by PRS. Three dietary patterns (DP) were identified. DP1, correlated positively with discretionary foods and SFA, inversely with fiber, was associated with higher risk of central obesity (hazard ratio: 1.08; 95% confidence interval: 1.02, 1.14). DP2, correlated positively with discretionary foods and fiber, inversely with SFA, was not associated with obesity incidence. DP3, correlated positively with SFA and fiber, inversely with discretionary foods, was associated with lower risk of central obesity (hazard ratio: 0.92; 95% confidence interval: 0.87, 0.98). There was limited evidence of interactions with PRS. A dietary pattern high in high-SFA and low-fiber discretionary foods and beverages was associated with higher risk of obesity, independent of genetic predisposition.
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9
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Maculewicz E, Antkowiak B, Antkowiak O, Borecka A, Mastalerz A, Leońska-Duniec A, Humińska-Lisowska K, Michałowska-Sawczyn M, Garbacz A, Lorenz K, Szarska E, Dziuda Ł, Cywińska A, Cięszczyk P. The interactions between interleukin-1 family genes: IL1A, IL1B, IL1RN, and obesity parameters. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:112. [PMID: 35139823 PMCID: PMC8830010 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-08258-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity has been recognized as a worldwide growing problem, producing many pathologies including the promotion of “proinflammatory state.” The etiology of human obesity is still only partially understood; however, the genetic background has been proved. Its nature is complex, and currently, it appears that the combined effects of the interactions among multiple genes should receive more attention. Due to the fact that obesity promotes proinflammatory conditions, in this study, we investigated the genetic polymorphism of IL-1 family genes in healthy people with normal and elevated body mass index (BMI) and fat %. Results The single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the IL1A -889C > T (rs1800587), IL1B + 3954 T > C (rs1143634), and IL1RN -87G > A (rs2234677) genes alone were associated neither with BMI nor fat % values in tested group. The associations between SNP–SNP interaction and BMI for the IL1B × IL1RN interactions were significant for dominant model (p = 0.02) and codominant model (p = 0.03). The same SNP-SNP interaction (IL1B × IL1RN) was associated also with fat % for codominant (p = 0.01) and recessive (p = 0.002) models. Conclusions This study further confirmed that IL-1 family genes are involved in genetic background of obesity. It has been shown that interaction IL1B × IL1RN was associated with both BMI and fat % with rare T allele protecting form higher values. Thus, even if certain polymorphisms in single genes of IL-1 family cannot be defined as related to obesity in examined population, the genetic interrelationships should be analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Maculewicz
- Faculty of Physical Education, Jozef Pilsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, 00-809, Warsaw, Poland.,Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, 01-163, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bożena Antkowiak
- Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, 01-163, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Anna Borecka
- Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, 01-163, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Mastalerz
- Faculty of Physical Education, Jozef Pilsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, 00-809, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agata Leońska-Duniec
- Faculty of Physical Education, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Kinga Humińska-Lisowska
- Faculty of Physical Education, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Monika Michałowska-Sawczyn
- Faculty of Physical Education, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336, Gdansk, Poland
| | | | - Katarzyna Lorenz
- Faculty of Physical Education, Jozef Pilsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, 00-809, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Szarska
- Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, 01-163, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Łukasz Dziuda
- Military Institute of Aviation Medicine, 01-755, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Cywińska
- Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100, Torun, Poland.
| | - Paweł Cięszczyk
- Faculty of Physical Education, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336, Gdansk, Poland
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10
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Kwon YJ, Park DH, Choi JE, Lee D, Hong KW, Lee JW. Identification of the interactions between specific genetic polymorphisms and nutrient intake associated with general and abdominal obesity in middle-aged adults. Clin Nutr 2022; 41:543-551. [PMID: 35030529 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Comprehensive understanding of gene-diet interactions is necessary to establish proper dietary guidelines to prevent and manage general and abdominal obesity. We investigated the role of genetic variants and their interactions with general and abdominal obesity-associated nutrients using a largescale genome-wide association study of Korean adults. METHODS A total of 50,808 participants from a Korean genome and epidemiology study were included. Dietary intake was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire. Obesity was defined as a body mass index ≥25 kg/m2. Abdominal obesity (AO) was defined as waist circumference ≥90 cm and 80 cm in males and females, respectively. Dietary nutrient intake was classified based on Korean Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs). Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated after adjusting for age, sex, exercise, smoking, alcohol drinking, total energy consumption, PC1, and PC2. RESULTS Among the individuals consuming fat (%) above DRI, carriers of Ca binding protein 39 (CAB39)- rs6722579 minor allele (A) have a higher risk of AO than those not carrying the SNP (odds ration [OR] = 3.73, p-value = 2.05e-07; interaction p-value = 1.80e-07). Among the individuals consuming vitamin C above DRI, carriers of carboxypeptidase Q (CPQ)- rs59465035 minor allele (T) have a lower risk of AO than those without that SNP (OR = 0.89, p-value = 1.44e-08; interaction p-value = 9.50e-06). The genetic association with obesity was stronger among individuals with a genetic variant rs4130113 near GHR gene region in those consume folate above DRI and with a genetic variant rs5760920 near CRYBB2 gene region in those consume vitamin B2 above DRI. CONCLUSION Our study results suggested that interactions of specific polymorphisms at loci and certain nutrients may influence obesity and abdominal obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jin Kwon
- Department of Family Medicine, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 363, Dongbaekjukjeon-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 16995, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Da Hyun Park
- Theragen Bio Co., Ltd., Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Ja-Eun Choi
- Theragen Bio Co., Ltd., Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Dasom Lee
- Theragen Bio Co., Ltd., Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Won Hong
- Theragen Bio Co., Ltd., Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16229, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ji-Won Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 211 Eonju-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06273, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Chiang KM, Pan WH. Causal link between milk consumption and obesity? A 10-year longitudinal study and a Mendelian randomization study. Food Nutr Res 2021. [DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v65.6300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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12
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Parajuli RP, Goodrich JM, Chan HM, Lemire M, Ayotte P, Hegele RA, Basu N. Variation in biomarker levels of metals, persistent organic pollutants, and omega-3 fatty acids in association with genetic polymorphisms among Inuit in Nunavik, Canada. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 200:111393. [PMID: 34062203 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biomarker measures of contaminant exposure and nutrient status can help increase understanding of the risks and benefits associated with the consumption of traditional foods by Inuit. While gene-environment and gene-nutrient interactions may help explain variations in biomarker measures, the role of genetic polymorphisms is largely understudied especially for vulnerable sub-populations. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to characterize the relationship between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in key genes and blood concentrations of environmental chemicals and nutrients among Inuit. METHODS Blood samples from 665 individuals who participated in the Qanuippitaa Survey (Nunavik, Canada) in 2004 were analyzed for toxicants and nutrients. DNA was extracted and 140 SNPs in classes relevant to the toxicokinetics and/or toxicodynamics of the target contaminants and nutrients, and/or are involved in cardiovascular health and lipid metabolism were genotyped using the Sequenom iPLEX Gold platform. RESULTS Geometric means (μg/L) of mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), DDE, PCB-153, and selenium (Se) were 11.1, 2.8, 39.9, 2.9, 1.1 and 301.2, respectively. Red blood cell membrane levels of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) were 5.1%/total fatty acid (TFA) and 1.3%/TFA respectively. Out of 106 SNPs which met our inclusion criteria, biomarker levels for Hg, Cd, Pb, DDE, PCB-153, DHA, and EPA differed (p < 0.05) by genotype for 20, 13, 12, 19, 21, 9 and 8 SNPs, respectively. Following Bonferroni correction (p < 0.0005), only 9 SNPs remained significant (rs2274976 in MTHFR, rs174602 in FADS2, rs7115739 and rs74771917 in FADS3, rs713041 in GPX4, rs2306283 and rs4149056 in SLCO1B1, rs1885301 in ABCC2/MRP2, and rs4244285 in CYP2C19; 5 associated with Hg, 2 with Pb, 2 with DDE, 4 with PCB-153, 1 with DHA). CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that polymorphisms in environmentally-responsive genes can influence biomarker levels of key toxicants and nutrients. While there are no immediate clinical or public health implications of these findings, we believe that such gene-environment and gene-nutrient studies provide a foundation that will inform and provide direction to future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajendra Prasad Parajuli
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Zoology, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Jaclyn M Goodrich
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Hing Man Chan
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Melanie Lemire
- Département de Médecine Sociale et Préventive, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, QC, Canada
| | - Pierre Ayotte
- Département de Médecine Sociale et Préventive, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, QC, Canada
| | - Robert A Hegele
- Department of Medicine and Robarts Research Institute, Western University, ON, Canada
| | - Niladri Basu
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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13
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Watanabe LM, Navarro AM, Seale LA. Intersection between Obesity, Dietary Selenium, and Statin Therapy in Brazil. Nutrients 2021; 13:2027. [PMID: 34204631 PMCID: PMC8231251 DOI: 10.3390/nu13062027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is among the most alarming health concerns, impacting public health and causing a socioeconomic challenge, especially in developing countries like Brazil, where approximately one quart of the population presents obesity. As an established risk factor for numerous comorbidities with a multifactorial etiology, obesity is a consequence of energy-dense overfeeding, however with significant undernourishment, leading to excessive adipose tissue accumulation and dysfunction, dyslipidemia, and micronutrient deficiencies. About 60% of patients with obesity take statins, a cholesterol-lowering medication, to curb dyslipidemia, with ~10% of these patients presenting various myopathies as side effects. Statins act upon the rate-limiting enzyme of cholesterol biosynthesis in the liver, which is a pathway providing intermediates to the synthesis of selenoproteins, i.e., enzymes containing the micronutrient selenium. Statins have been postulated to negatively impact selenoprotein synthesis, particularly in conditions of selenium deficiency, and potentially implicated in the myopathies occurring as side effects of statins. The Brazilian population is prone to selenium deficiency, hence could be considered more susceptible to statin side effects. This review examines the specific consequences to the Brazilian population of the harmful intersection between obesity development and concomitant micronutrient deficiencies, particularly selenium, combined with statin treatment in the context of nutrition in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ligia M. Watanabe
- Department of Health Sciences, Division of Nutrition and Metabolism, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo—FMRP/USP, Ribeirão Preto 14040-900, SP, Brazil; (L.M.W.); (A.M.N.)
| | - Anderson M. Navarro
- Department of Health Sciences, Division of Nutrition and Metabolism, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo—FMRP/USP, Ribeirão Preto 14040-900, SP, Brazil; (L.M.W.); (A.M.N.)
| | - Lucia A. Seale
- Pacific Biosciences Research Center, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
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14
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Isgin-Atici K, Alsulami S, Turan-Demirci B, Surendran S, Sendur SN, Lay I, Karabulut E, Ellahi B, Lovegrove JA, Alikasifoglu M, Erbas T, Vimaleswaran KS, Buyuktuncer Z. FTO gene-lifestyle interactions on serum adiponectin concentrations and central obesity in a Turkish population. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2021; 72:375-385. [PMID: 32746650 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2020.1802580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate whether lifestyle factors modify the association between fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and obesity in a Turkish population. The study included 400 unrelated individuals, aged 24-50 years recruited in a hospital setting. Dietary intake and physical activity were assessed using 24-hour dietary recall and self-report questionnaire, respectively. A genetic risk score (GRS) was developed using FTO SNPs, rs9939609 and rs10163409. Body mass index and fat mass index were significantly associated with FTO SNP rs9939609 (p = 0.001 and p = 0.002, respectively) and GRS (p = 0.002 and p = 0.003, respectively). The interactions between SNP rs9939609 and physical activity on adiponectin concentrations, and SNP rs10163409 and dietary protein intake on increased waist circumference were statistically significant (Pinteraction = 0.027 and Pinteraction = 0.044, respectively). Our study has demonstrated that the association between FTO SNPs and central obesity might be modified by lifestyle factors in this Turkish population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kubra Isgin-Atici
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sooad Alsulami
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, UK
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Busra Turan-Demirci
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Shelini Surendran
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, UK
| | - Suleyman Nahit Sendur
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Incilay Lay
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
- Clinical Pathology Laboratory, Hacettepe University Hospitals, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Erdem Karabulut
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Bioinformatics, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Basma Ellahi
- Faculty of Health and Social Care, University of Chester, Chester, UK
| | - Julie A Lovegrove
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, UK
| | - Mehmet Alikasifoglu
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Hacettepe University Ankara, Turkey
- Genetics Diagnostic Centre, DAMAGEN, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Tomris Erbas
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Zehra Buyuktuncer
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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Gordon-Larsen P, French JE, Moustaid-Moussa N, Voruganti VS, Mayer-Davis EJ, Bizon CA, Cheng Z, Stewart DA, Easterbrook JW, Shaikh SR. Synergizing Mouse and Human Studies to Understand the Heterogeneity of Obesity. Adv Nutr 2021; 12:2023-2034. [PMID: 33885739 PMCID: PMC8483969 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmab040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is routinely considered as a single disease state, which drives a "one-size-fits-all" approach to treatment. We recently convened the first annual University of North Carolina Interdisciplinary Nutrition Sciences Symposium to discuss the heterogeneity of obesity and the need for translational science to advance understanding of this heterogeneity. The symposium aimed to advance scientific rigor in translational studies from animal to human models with the goal of identifying underlying mechanisms and treatments. In this review, we discuss fundamental gaps in knowledge of the heterogeneity of obesity ranging from cellular to population perspectives. We also advocate approaches to overcoming limitations in the field. Examples include the use of contemporary mouse genetic reference population models such as the Collaborative Cross and Diversity Outbred mice that effectively model human genetic diversity and the use of translational models that integrate -omics and computational approaches from pre-clinical to clinical models of obesity. Finally, we suggest best scientific practices to ensure strong rigor that will allow investigators to delineate the sources of heterogeneity in the population with obesity. Collectively, we propose that it is critical to think of obesity as a heterogeneous disease with complex mechanisms and etiologies, requiring unique prevention and treatment strategies tailored to the individual.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John E French
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA,Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC, USA
| | - Naima Moustaid-Moussa
- Obesity Research Institute and Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Venkata S Voruganti
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA,Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Mayer-Davis
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Christopher A Bizon
- Renaissance Computing Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Zhiyong Cheng
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Delisha A Stewart
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA,Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC, USA
| | - John W Easterbrook
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Hsu CC, Li Y, Hsu CT, Cheng JT, Lin MH, Cheng KC, Chen SW. Etanercept Ameliorates Cardiac Fibrosis in Rats with Diet-Induced Obesity. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14040320. [PMID: 33916242 PMCID: PMC8067047 DOI: 10.3390/ph14040320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diet-induced obesity (DIO) is considered the main risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Increases in the plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) is associated with DIO. Etanercept, a TNF-α inhibitor, has been shown to alleviate cardiac hypertrophy. To investigate the effect of etanercept on cardiac fibrosis in DIO model, rats on high fat diet (HFD) were subdivided into two groups: the etanercept group and vehicle group. Cardiac injury was identified by classic methods, while fibrosis was characterized by histological analysis of the hearts. Etanercept treatment at 0.8 mg/kg/week twice weekly by subcutaneous injection effectively alleviates the cardiac fibrosis in HFD-fed rats. STAT3 activation seems to be induced in parallel with fibrosis-related gene expression in the hearts of HFD-fed rats. Decreased STAT3 activation plays a role in the etanercept-treated animals. Moreover, fibrosis-related genes are activated by palmitate in parallel with STAT3 activation in H9c2 cells. Etanercept may inhibit the effects of palmitate, but it is less effective than a direct inhibitor of STAT3. Direct inhibition of STAT3 activation by etanercept seems unlikely. Etanercept has the ability to ameliorate cardiac fibrosis through reduction of STAT3 activation after the inhibition of TNF-α and/or its receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Chen Hsu
- Department of Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Taipei, Taipei City 110, Taiwan;
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei City 110, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Gerontology and Health Care Management, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Guishan, Taoyuan City 613, Taiwan;
| | - Yingxiao Li
- Department of Nursing, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien City 970, Taiwan;
| | - Chao-Tien Hsu
- Department of Pathology, I-Shou University Medical Center, Yanchao District, Kaohsiung City 824, Taiwan;
| | - Juei-Tang Cheng
- Department of Medical Research, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan City 710, Taiwan;
| | - Mang-Hung Lin
- Graduate Institute of Gerontology and Health Care Management, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Guishan, Taoyuan City 613, Taiwan;
| | - Kai-Chun Cheng
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Tajen University, Pingtung 907, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (K.-C.C.); (S.-W.C.); Tel.: +886-8-762-4002 (K.-C.C.); +886-6-6336999 (S.-W.C.)
| | - Shang-Wen Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Chi-Mei Medical Center Liouying, Tainan City 736, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (K.-C.C.); (S.-W.C.); Tel.: +886-8-762-4002 (K.-C.C.); +886-6-6336999 (S.-W.C.)
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17
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Resende CB, Luft VC, Duncan B, Griep RH, Molina MDCB, Barreto SM, Schmidt MI. Birth weight and body fat mass in adults assessed by bioimpedance in the ELSA-Brasil study. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2021; 37:e00061619. [PMID: 33729303 DOI: 10.1590/0102-311x00061619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Intrauterine life is a critical period for the development of body fat and metabolic risk. This study investigated associations between birth weight and total and truncal body fat in adults. To do so, we analyzed data on 10,011 adults participating in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil) who self-reported birth weight as < 2.5kg, 2.5-4.0kg, or > 4.0kg at baseline (2008-2010) and underwent bioimpedance in the next follow-up visit (2012-2014). Greater mean total and truncal fat mass were seen in those with high birth weight compared with adequate birth weight (p < 0.001) in both sexes (total fat: 25.2 vs. 23.1kg in men and 31.4 vs. 27.7kg in women, and truncal fat: 13.5 vs. 12.4kg in men and 15.9 vs. 14.2kg in women). U-shaped patterns were observed in restricted cubic-spline analyses in the subset of 5,212 individuals reporting exact birth weights, although statistically significant only for those with high birth weight. In the whole sample, in comparing high to adequate birth weight, the latter predicted having a large (> 85 percentile) total and truncal fat mass, respectively: OR = 1.76, 95%CI: 1.37-2.25 (men) and OR = 1.86, 95%CI: 1.42-2.44 (women); OR = 1.68, 95% CI: 1.31-2.16 (men) and OR = 1.73, 95%CI: 1.31-2.28 (women). However, low birth weight predicted having a large (> 85 percentile) % truncal fat only in women (OR = 1.40, 95%CI: 1.03-1.91). In conclusion, in these men and women born in a period in which fetal malnutrition was prevalent, birth weight showed complex, frequently non-linear associations with adult body fat, highlighting the need for interventions to prevent low and high birth weight during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vivian Cristine Luft
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brasil.,Hospital das Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brasil
| | - Bruce Duncan
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brasil
| | | | | | - Sandhi Maria Barreto
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brasil
| | - Maria Ines Schmidt
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brasil
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18
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Galaviz-Hernández C, Lazalde-Ramos BP, Martínez-Cortés G, Rangel-Villalobos H, Martínez-Aguilar G, Leal-Ugarte E, Peralta-Leal V, González-Rentería S, Rodríguez-Moran M, Jaquez-Chairez F, Guerrero-Romero F, Sosa-Macías M. Association of the 5HTTLPR Polymorphism with Obesity in Mexican Women with High Native American Ancestry. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2020; 24:754-758. [PMID: 33050716 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2020.0068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: The 5HTT gene has been associated with obesity; this study aimed to determine the association between L- and S-alleles at the 5HTTLPR polymorphism with obesity in indigenous Mexican populations. Materials and Methods: A total of 362 individuals, 289 belonging to eight Native American (NA) groups; 40 Mexican mestizos; and 33 Caucasian Mennonites were enrolled in a cross-sectional study. High (≥90%) and low (<90%) NA ancestry was molecularly determined. A body mass index >30 kg/m2 was considered as obese. The L- and S-alleles of the 5HTTLPR locus were identified by PCR; the association between alleles and obesity was performed by logistic regression analysis. Results: A significantly lower prevalence of obesity (35%) was observed in participants from communities with high NA ancestry (p < 0.005). Under a dominant heritance model the L-allele was associated with obesity in women with high NA ancestry (odds ratio [OR] 7.27; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.6-32.5; p = 0.009) but not in women with low NA ancestry (OR 0.83; 95% CI 0.3-2.2; p = 0.71); no association was observed in men. Conclusion: Our results suggest that the 5HTTLPR L-allele is a risk factor for developing obesity in Mexican women with high NA ancestry (≥90%).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Blanca P Lazalde-Ramos
- Laboratorio de Etnofarmacología Biomédica, Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Zacatecas, México
| | - Gabriela Martínez-Cortés
- Instituto de Investigación en Genética Molecular, Centro Universitario de la Ciénega, Universidad de Guadalajara (CUCI-UdeG), Ocotlán, Mexico
| | - Héctor Rangel-Villalobos
- Instituto de Investigación en Genética Molecular, Centro Universitario de la Ciénega, Universidad de Guadalajara (CUCI-UdeG), Ocotlán, Mexico
| | | | - Evelia Leal-Ugarte
- Departamento de Genética Aplicada a la Medicina, Facultad de Medicina e Ingeniería en Sistemas Computacionales, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, H. Matamoros, México
| | - Valeria Peralta-Leal
- Departamento de Genética Aplicada a la Medicina, Facultad de Medicina e Ingeniería en Sistemas Computacionales, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, H. Matamoros, México
| | | | | | | | | | - Martha Sosa-Macías
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Academia de Genómica, CIIDIR Unidad Durango, Durango, México
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A dysregulated bile acid-gut microbiota axis contributes to obesity susceptibility. EBioMedicine 2020; 55:102766. [PMID: 32408110 PMCID: PMC7225614 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The composition of the bile acid (BA) pool is closely associated with obesity and is modified by gut microbiota. Perturbations of gut microbiota shape the BA composition, which, in turn, may alter important BA signaling and affect host metabolism. Methods We investigated BA composition of high BMI subjects from a human cohort study and a high fat diet (HFD) obesity prone (HF-OP) / HFD obesity resistant (HF-OR) mice model. Gut microbiota was analysed by metagenomics sequencing. GLP-1 secretion and gene regulation studies involved ELISA, qPCR, Western blot, Immunohistochemistry, and Immunofluorescence staining. Findings We found that the proportion of non-12-OH BAs was significantly decreased in the unhealthy high BMI subjects. The HF-OR mice had an enhanced level of non-12-OH BAs. Non-12-OH BAs including ursodeoxycholate (UDCA), chenodeoxycholate (CDCA), and lithocholate (LCA) were decreased in the HF-OP mice and associated with altered gut microbiota. Clostridium scindens was decreased in HF-OP mice and had a positive correlation with UDCA and LCA. Gavage of Clostridium scindens in mice increased the levels of hepatic non-12-OH BAs, accompanied by elevated serum 7α-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one (C4) levels. In HF-OP mice, altered BA composition was associated with significantly downregulated expression of GLP-1 in ileum and PGC1α, UCP1 in brown adipose tissue. In addition, we identified that UDCA attenuated the high fat diet-induced obesity via enhancing levels of non-12-OH BAs. Interpretation Our study highlights that dysregulated BA signaling mediated by gut microbiota contributes to obesity susceptibility, suggesting modulation of BAs could be a promising strategy for obesity therapy.
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Interaction of the CMTM7 rs347134 Polymorphism with Dietary Patterns and the Risk of Obesity in Han Chinese Male Children. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17051515. [PMID: 32111069 PMCID: PMC7084264 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17051515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A genome-wide association study (GWAS) in the Han Chinese population had found that single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) on the CMTM7 gene rs347134 was significantly associated with Body Mass Index (BMI). In the present study, the association of the rs347134 SNP with obesity and its interaction with dietary patterns (DPs) were explored in Han Chinese children. This cross-sectional study group included 1292 children, in whom obesity-related indicators were evaluated, the rs347134 SNP was genotyped by improved Multiple Ligase Detection Reaction (iMLDR), and the DPs were identified by principal component factor analysis. The GG genotype exhibited higher odds of general overweight/obesity (P = 0.038) and central obesity (P = 0.039) than AA + GA genotypes in boys. Four DPs of boys were identified: healthy balanced (HBDP), nuts and sweets-based (NSDP), animal food-based (AFDP), and wheaten and dairy-based (WDDP). Boys with the GG genotype were significantly more inclined to AFDP (P = 0.028) and had a shorter sleep duration (P = 0.031). Significant interactions were observed; boys with the GG genotype displayed a higher LDL in AFDP (P = 0.031) and higher FBG in NSDP (P = 0.038), respectively. Our findings indicate for the first time that the GG genotype of CMTM7 rs347134 is potentially a novel obesity risk factor for Han Chinese male children and is associated with dietary patterns more or less.
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Kansra AR, Lakkunarajah S, Jay MS. Childhood and Adolescent Obesity: A Review. Front Pediatr 2020; 8:581461. [PMID: 33511092 PMCID: PMC7835259 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2020.581461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a complex condition that interweaves biological, developmental, environmental, behavioral, and genetic factors; it is a significant public health problem. The most common cause of obesity throughout childhood and adolescence is an inequity in energy balance; that is, excess caloric intake without appropriate caloric expenditure. Adiposity rebound (AR) in early childhood is a risk factor for obesity in adolescence and adulthood. The increasing prevalence of childhood and adolescent obesity is associated with a rise in comorbidities previously identified in the adult population, such as Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Hypertension, Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver disease (NAFLD), Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA), and Dyslipidemia. Due to the lack of a single treatment option to address obesity, clinicians have generally relied on counseling dietary changes and exercise. Due to psychosocial issues that may accompany adolescence regarding body habitus, this approach can have negative results. Teens can develop unhealthy eating habits that result in Bulimia Nervosa (BN), Binge- Eating Disorder (BED), or Night eating syndrome (NES). Others can develop Anorexia Nervosa (AN) as they attempt to restrict their diet and overshoot their goal of "being healthy." To date, lifestyle interventions have shown only modest effects on weight loss. Emerging findings from basic science as well as interventional drug trials utilizing GLP-1 agonists have demonstrated success in effective weight loss in obese adults, adolescents, and pediatric patients. However, there is limited data on the efficacy and safety of other weight-loss medications in children and adolescents. Nearly 6% of adolescents in the United States are severely obese and bariatric surgery as a treatment consideration will be discussed. In summary, this paper will overview the pathophysiology, clinical, and psychological implications, and treatment options available for obese pediatric and adolescent patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvina R Kansra
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Sinduja Lakkunarajah
- Division of Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin Affiliated Hospitals, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - M Susan Jay
- Division of Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
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Efficiency score from data envelopment analysis can predict the future onset of hypertension and dyslipidemia: A cohort study. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16309. [PMID: 31705056 PMCID: PMC6841950 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52898-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary prevention focuses on ensuring that healthy people remain healthy. As it is practically difficult to provide intervention for an entire healthy population, it is essential to identify and target the at risk of risks population. We aimed to distinguish at risk of risks population using data envelopment analysis (DEA). Efficiency score was calculated from the DEA using a cohort sample and its association with the onset of hypertension and dyslipidemia was analyzed. A stratification analysis was performed according to the number of conventional risk factors in participants. The adjusted odds ratios (aORs) of the incidence of hypertension and dyslipidemia according to a 0.1-point increase in efficiency score were 0.66 (90% confidence interval [CI] 0.55–0.78, p < 0.0001) and 0.84 (90% CI 0.75–0.94, p = 0.01), respectively. In the stratification analysis, aOR of the incidence of hypertension according to a 0.1-point increase in efficiency score was 0.57 (90% CI 0.37–0.89, p = 0.04) in participants with no conventional risk factors. Participants with lower efficiency score were suggested to be at high risk for future onset of hypertension and dyslipidemia. The DEA might enable us to identify the risk of hypertension where conventional methods might fail.
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Saber-Ayad M, Manzoor S, Radwan H, Hammoudeh S, Wardeh R, Ashraf A, Jabbar H, Hamoudi R. The FTO genetic variants are associated with dietary intake and body mass index amongst Emirati population. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0223808. [PMID: 31622411 PMCID: PMC6797190 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The risk of obesity is determined by complex interactions between genetic and environmental factors. Little research to date has investigated the interaction between gene and food intake. The aim of the current study is to explore the potential effect of fat mass and obesity-associated protein gene (FTO) rs9939609 and rs9930506 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) on the pattern of food intake in the Emirati population. METHODS Adult healthy Emirati subjects with Body mass index (BMI) of 16-40 kg/m2 were included in the study. Genotyping for FTO rs9939609(A>T) and rs9930506(A>G) was performed using DNA from saliva samples. Subjects were categorized according to the WHO classification by calculating the BMI to compare different classes. Dietary intake was assessed by a sixty-one-item FFQ that estimated food and beverage intakes over the past year. The daily energy, macronutrient, and micronutrient consumption were computed. RESULTS We included 169 subjects in the final analysis (mean age 30.49± 9.1years, 57.4% females). The mean BMI of the study population was 26.19 kg/m2. Both SNPs were in Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium. The rs9939609 AA genotype was significantly associated with higher BMI (p = 0.004); the effect was significant in females (p = 0.028), but not in males (p = 0.184). Carbohydrate intake was significantly higher in AA subjects with a trend of lower fat intake compared to other genotypes. The odds ratio for the AA was 3.78 in the fourth quartile and 2.67 for the A/T in the second quartile of total carbohydrate intake, considering the first quartile as a reference (95% CI = 1.017-14.1 and 1.03-6.88, respectively). Fat intake was significantly lower in the FTO rs9930506 GG subjects. The presence of FTO rs9930506 GG genotype decreased the fat intake in subjects with FTO rs9939609 AA (p = 0.037). CONCLUSIONS The results of this study highlight the interaction of the FTO risk alleles on the food intake in Emirati subjects. The FTO rs9939609 AA subjects had higher carbohydrate and lower fat intake. The latter was accentuated in presence of rs9930506 GG genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha Saber-Ayad
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
- College of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Shaista Manzoor
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Hadia Radwan
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
- Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Department, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Sarah Hammoudeh
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Rahaf Wardeh
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Ahmed Ashraf
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Hussein Jabbar
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Rifat Hamoudi
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
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Ntenda PAM, Mhone TG, Nkoka O. High Maternal Body Mass Index Is Associated with an Early-Onset of Overweight/Obesity in Pre-School-Aged Children in Malawi. A Multilevel Analysis of the 2015-16 Malawi Demographic and Health Survey. J Trop Pediatr 2019; 65:147-159. [PMID: 29800293 DOI: 10.1093/tropej/fmy028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overweight/obesity in young children is one of the most serious public health issues globally. We examined whether individual- and community-level maternal nutritional status is associated with an early onset of overweight/obesity in pre-school-aged children in Malawi. DESIGN Data were obtained from the 2015-16 Malawi Demographic and Health Survey (MDHS). The maternal nutritional status as body mass index and childhood overweight/obesity status was assessed by using the World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations. To examine whether the maternal nutritional status is associated with overweight/obesity in pre-school-aged children, two-level multilevel logistic regression models were constructed on 4023 children of age less than five years dwelling in 850 different communities. RESULTS The multilevel regression analysis showed that children born to overweight/obese mothers had increased odds of being overweight/obese [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 3.11; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.13-8.54]. At the community level, children born to mothers from the middle (aOR: 1.68; 95% CI: 1.02-2.78) and high (aOR: 1.69; 95% CI: 1.00-2.90) percentage of overweight/obese women had increased odds of being overweight/obese. In addition, there were significant variations in the odds of childhood overweight/obesity in the communities. CONCLUSIONS Strategies aimed at reducing childhood overweight/obesity in Malawi should address not only women and their children but also their communities. Appropriate choices of nutrition, diet and physical activity patterns should be emphasized upon in overweight/obese women of childbearing age throughout pregnancy and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Austin Morton Ntenda
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, No. 250, Wu-Hsing St, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Thomas Gabriel Mhone
- Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100, Shiquan 1st Road, Sanmin District, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Owen Nkoka
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, No. 250, Wu-Hsing St, Taipei City, Taiwan
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Wiss DA, Avena N, Rada P. Sugar Addiction: From Evolution to Revolution. Front Psychiatry 2018; 9:545. [PMID: 30464748 PMCID: PMC6234835 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The obesity epidemic has been widely publicized in the media worldwide. Investigators at all levels have been looking for factors that have contributed to the development of this epidemic. Two major theories have been proposed: (1) sedentary lifestyle and (2) variety and ease of inexpensive palatable foods. In the present review, we analyze how nutrients like sugar that are often used to make foods more appealing could also lead to habituation and even in some cases addiction thereby uniquely contributing to the obesity epidemic. We review the evolutionary aspects of feeding and how they have shaped the human brain to function in "survival mode" signaling to "eat as much as you can while you can." This leads to our present understanding of how the dopaminergic system is involved in reward and its functions in hedonistic rewards, like eating of highly palatable foods, and drug addiction. We also review how other neurotransmitters, like acetylcholine, interact in the satiation processes to counteract the dopamine system. Lastly, we analyze the important question of whether there is sufficient empirical evidence of sugar addiction, discussed within the broader context of food addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A. Wiss
- Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Nicole Avena
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Pedro Rada
- School of Medicine, University of Los Andes, Mérida, Venezuela
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Abstract
PURPOSE Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in the United States and globally. There is significant evidence implicating genetic and dietary factors in the development and progression of CVD and its risk factors. Nutritional genomics is a comparatively new field of science that focuses on the relationship of individual genetic variation with response to nutrition. The purpose of this review is to summarize recent progress, in the field of nutritional genomics as it relates to cardiovascular disease. RECENT FINDINGS Evidence from recent studies has shown significant effects of gene-diet interactions on CVD biomarkers and the development and progression of CVD. The cardiovascular effects of gene-nutrient interactions with respect to macronutrients and genes such as FTO, ACE, PPARs, TCF7L2, BDNF, MC4R, APOAs, FADS, etc. have shown consistent results across age groups and populations whereas gene-nutrient interaction effects of other genes have only been limited to specific ages, genders or populations and need to validated and confirmed. SUMMARY The identification of individual genetic variation influencing diet-related CVD risk is important and may inform future nutritional intervention studies. Although there is ample scientific evidence indicating that the genetic susceptibility to CVD can be modified by diet, we are still not at a stage where this information is easily translated into dietary plans. Thus, there is a need for better approaches to achieve precision in dietary data collection and streamline computational approaches for meaningful and effective nutritional interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Saroja Voruganti
- Department of Nutrition and UNC Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 500 Laureate Way, Suite 3150, Kannapolis, NC 28081
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Higher prevalence of FTO gene risk genotypes AA rs9939609, CC rs1421085, and GG rs17817449 and saliva containing Staphylococcus aureus in obese women in Croatia. Nutr Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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