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Li F, Yang J, Li J, Lin X. Adaptive Strategies and Underlying Response Mechanisms of Ciliates to Salinity Change with Note on Fluctuation Properties. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1957. [PMID: 39458267 PMCID: PMC11509147 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12101957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2024] [Revised: 09/24/2024] [Accepted: 09/24/2024] [Indexed: 10/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The adaptability of marine organisms to changes in salinity has been a significant research area under global climate change. However, the underlying mechanisms of this adaptability remain a debated subject. We hypothesize that neglecting salinity fluctuation properties is a key contributing factor to the controversy. The ciliate Euplotes vannus was used as the model organism, with two salinity fluctuation period sets: acute (24 h) and chronic (336 h). We examined its population growth dynamics and energy metabolism parameters following exposure to salinity levels from 15‱ to 50‱. The carrying capacity (K) decreased with increasing salinity under both acute and chronic stresses. The intrinsic growth rate (r) decreased with increasing salinity under acute stress. Under chronic stress, the r initially increased with stress intensity before decreasing when salinity exceeded 40‱. Overall, glycogen and lipid content decreased with stress increasing and were significantly higher in the acute stress set compared to the chronic one. Both hypotonic and hypertonic stresses enhanced the activities of metabolic enzymes. A trade-off between survival and reproduction was observed, prioritizing survival under acute stress. Under chronic stress, the weight on reproduction increased in significance. In conclusion, the tested ciliates adopted an r-strategy in response to salinity stress. The trade-off between reproduction and survival is a significant biological response mechanism varying with salinity fluctuation properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenfen Li
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Jing Yang
- College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China;
| | - Jiqiu Li
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Xiaofeng Lin
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
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Wei H, He W, Mao X, Liao S, Wang Q, Wang Z, Tang M, Xu T, Chen H. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and exogenous Ca 2+ application synergistically enhance salt and alkali resistance in perennial ryegrass through diverse adaptive strategies. Microbiol Res 2024; 289:127906. [PMID: 39321594 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2024.127906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 08/30/2024] [Accepted: 09/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024]
Abstract
The challenge of soil salinization and alkalization, with its significant impact on crop productivity, has raised growing concerns with global population growth and enhanced environmental degradation. Although arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and calcium ions (Ca2+) are known to enhance plant resistance to stress, their combined effects on perennial ryegrass' tolerance to salt and alkali stress and the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. This study aimed to elucidate the roles of Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus Rhizophagus irregularis and exogenous Ca2+ application in molecular and physiological responses to salt-alkali stress. AM symbiosis and exogenous Ca2+ application enhanced antioxidant enzyme activity and non-enzymatic components, promoting reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging and reducing lipid peroxidation while alleviating oxidative damage induced by salt-alkali stress. Furthermore, they enhanced osmotic balance by increasing soluble sugar content (Proportion of contribution of the osmotic adjustment were 34∼38 % in shoots and 30∼37 % in roots) under salt stress and organic acid content (Proportion of contribution of the osmotic adjustment were 32∼36 % in shoots and 37∼42 % in roots) under alkali stress. Changes in organic solute and inorganic cation-anion contents contributed to ion balance, while hormonal regulation played a role in these protective mechanisms. Moreover, the protective mechanisms involved activation of Ca2+-mediated signaling pathways, regulation of salt-alkali stress-related genes (including LpNHX1 and LpSOS1), increased ATPase activity, elevated ATP levels, enhanced Na+ extrusion, improved K+ absorption capacity, and a reduced Na+/K+ ratio, all contributing to the protection of photosynthetic pigments and the enhancement of photosynthetic efficiency. Ultimately, the combined application of exogenous Ca2+ and AMF synergistically alleviated the inhibitory effects of salt-alkali stress on perennial ryegrass growth. This finding suggested that exogenous Ca2+ may participate in the colonization of perennial ryegrass plants by R. irregularis, while AM symbiosis may activate Ca2+ pathways. Consequently, the combined treatment of AM and Ca2+ is beneficial for enhancing plant regulatory mechanisms and increasing crop yield under salt-alkali stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjian Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wenyuan He
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xinjie Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Songkai Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhihao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ming Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Tingying Xu
- Boone Pickens School of Geology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74074, United States.
| | - Hui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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Gu Y, Feng G, Hou P, Zhou Y, Zhang H, Wang X, Luo B, Chen L. Nondestructive detection of saline-alkali stress in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seedlings via fusion technology. PLANT METHODS 2024; 20:136. [PMID: 39238046 PMCID: PMC11375829 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-024-01248-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is an important grain crops in the world, and its growth and development in different stages is seriously affected by saline-alkali stress, especially in seedling stage. Therefore, nondestructive detection of wheat seedlings under saline-alkali stress can provide more comprehensive technical support for wheat breeding, cultivation and management. RESULTS This research focused on moisture signal prediction and classification of saline-alkali stress in wheat seedlings using fusion techniques. After collecting and analyzing transverse relaxation time and Multispectral imaging (MSI) information of wheat seedlings, four regression models were used to predict the moisture signal. K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) and Gaussian-Naïve Bayes (GNB) models were combined with fivefold cross validation to classify the prediction of wheat seedling stress. The results showed that wheat seedlings would increase the bound water content through a certain mechanism to enhance their saline-alkali stress. Under the same Na concentration, the effect of alkali stress on moisture, growth and spectrum of wheat seedlings is stronger than salt stress. The Gradient Boosting Decision Regression Tree model performs the best in predicting wheat moisture signals, with a coefficient of determination (R2P) of 0.98 and a root mean square error of 109.60. It also had a short training time (1.48 s) and an efficient prediction speed (1300 obs/s). The KNN and GNB demonstrated significantly enhanced predictive performance when classifying the fused dataset, compared to using single datasets individually. In particular, the GNB model performing best on the fused dataset, with Precision, Recall, Accuracy, and F1-score of 90.30, 88.89%, 88.90%, and 0.90, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Under the same Na concentration, the effects of alkali stress on water content, spectrum, and growth of wheat were stronger than that of salt stress, which was more unfavorable to the growth of wheat. The fusion of low-field nuclear magnetic resonance and MSI technology can improve the classification of wheat stress, and provide an effective technical method for rapid and accurate monitoring of wheat seedlings under saline-alkali stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Gu
- College of Information and Electrical Engineering, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
- Intelligent Equipment Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100089, China
| | - Guoqing Feng
- Intelligent Equipment Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100089, China
| | - Peichen Hou
- Intelligent Equipment Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100089, China
| | - Yanan Zhou
- Intelligent Equipment Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100089, China
| | - He Zhang
- Intelligent Equipment Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100089, China
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150006, China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- Intelligent Equipment Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100089, China
| | - Bin Luo
- Intelligent Equipment Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100089, China.
| | - Liping Chen
- College of Information and Electrical Engineering, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China.
- Intelligent Equipment Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100089, China.
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Song J, Zhao L, Ma Y, Cao X, An R, Zhao J, Ding H, Wang H, Li C, Li Q. Response of seed germination, seedling growth and physiological characteristics to alkali stress in halophyte Suaeda liaotungensis. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2024:10.1007/s10265-024-01568-7. [PMID: 39198337 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-024-01568-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024]
Abstract
Soil salinization has been considered as a major environmental threat to plant growth. Different types of salt in saline soil have different effects on germination and seedling growth. Effect of NaCl on germination and seedling establishment in Suaeda liaotungensis have been reported, but its response to alkali stress remains unclear. Our results showed that brown seeds had higher germination rate, however, black seeds had higher germination recovery percentage under alkali stress. Na2CO3 had stronger inhibitory effect on germination and seedling growth than NaHCO3. As the concentration of alkali stress increased, the ROS level of brown seeds gradually ascended, while that of black seeds decreased first and then ascended. MDA content of dimorphic seeds significantly increased under alkali stress. The trend of SOD, POD and CAT activity between dimorphic seeds was similar under the same type of alkali stress. Alkali stress enhanced proline content of dimorphic seeds, and dimorphic seeds in NaHCO3 solution had higher proline content than Na2CO3 solution. Moreover, radicle and shoot tolerance indexes of seedlings in NaHCO3 solution were significantly higher than that of Na2CO3 solution. Under strong alkali stress, seedlings in NaHCO3 solution had significantly lower ROS level and MDA content as well as higher antioxidant enzyme activity than Na2CO3 solution. This study comprehensively compared the morphological and physiological characteristics in germination and seedlings to better reveal the saline-alkali tolerance mechanisms in S. liaotungensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieqiong Song
- Key Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology of Liaoning Province, School of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China
| | - Lantong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology of Liaoning Province, School of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China
| | - Yiming Ma
- Key Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology of Liaoning Province, School of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China
| | - Xiaoqi Cao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology of Liaoning Province, School of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China
| | - Ruixuan An
- Key Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology of Liaoning Province, School of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China
| | - Jingying Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology of Liaoning Province, School of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China
| | - Haoran Ding
- Key Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology of Liaoning Province, School of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China
| | - Hongfei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology of Liaoning Province, School of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China
| | - Changping Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology of Liaoning Province, School of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China
| | - Qiuli Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology of Liaoning Province, School of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China.
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Luo Y, Wang X, Zhang D, Zhan L, Li D, Li C, Cong C, Cai H. Overexpression of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase kinase gene MsPPCK1 from Medicago sativa L. increased alkali tolerance of alfalfa by enhancing photosynthetic efficiency and promoting nodule development. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 213:108764. [PMID: 38879983 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
The phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase kinase of Medicago sativa L. (MsPPCK1) modulates the phosphorylation status and activity of the C4 pathway phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase enzyme, which is pivotal for photosynthetic carbon assimilation in plants. This study investigated the role of MsPPCK1 in alfalfa by creating transgenic plants overexpressing MsPPCK1 under the control of the CaMV35S promoter. The enhanced alkali tolerance of transgenic plants indicated an important role of MsPPCK1 gene in regulating plant alkali tolerance. Transgenic plants exhibited heightened antioxidant activity (SOD, POD, and CAT), reduced MDA, H2O2, OFR and REC% content, increased activity of key photosynthetic enzymes (PEPC, PPDK, NADP-ME, and NADP-MDH), and enhanced photosynthetic parameters (Pn, E, Gs, and Ci). Moreover, MsPPCK1 overexpression increased the content of organic acids (oxaloacetic, malic, citric, and succinic acids) in the plants. The upregulation of MsPPCK1 under rhizobial inoculation showcased its other role in nodule development. In transgenic plants, MsDMI2, MsEnod12, and MsNODL4 expression increased, facilitating root nodule development and augmenting plant nodulation. Accelerated root nodule growth positively influences plant growth and yield and enhances alfalfa resistance to alkali stress. This study highlights the pivotal role of MsPPCK1 in fortifying plant alkali stress tolerance and improving yield, underscoring its potential as a key genetic target for developing alkali-tolerant and high-yielding alfalfa varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqin Luo
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Xinsheng Wang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Depeng Zhang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Lifeng Zhan
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Donghuan Li
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Chunxin Li
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Chunlong Cong
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Hua Cai
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
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Chen S, Zhou Q, Feng Y, Dong Y, Zhang Z, Wang Y, Liu W. Responsive mechanism of Hemerocallis citrina Baroni to complex saline-alkali stress revealed by photosynthetic characteristics and antioxidant regulation. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2024; 43:176. [PMID: 38896259 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-024-03261-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Saline-alkali stress induces oxidative damage and photosynthesis inhibition in H. citrina, with a significant downregulation of the expression of photosynthesis- and antioxidant-related genes at high concentration. Soil salinization is a severe abiotic stress that impacts the growth and development of plants. In this study, Hemerocallis citrina Baroni was used to investigate its responsive mechanism to complex saline-alkali stress (NaCl:Na2SO4:NaHCO3:Na2CO3 = 1:9:9:1) for the first time. The growth phenotype, photoprotective mechanism, and antioxidant system of H. citrina were studied combining physiological and transcriptomic techniques. KEGG enrichment and GO analyses revealed significant enrichments of genes related to photosynthesis, chlorophyll degradation and antioxidant enzyme activities, respectively. Moreover, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) found that saline-alkali stress remarkably affected the photosynthetic characteristics and antioxidant system. A total of 29 key genes related to photosynthesis and 29 key genes related to antioxidant enzymes were discovered. High-concentration (250 mmol L-1) stress notably inhibited the expression levels of genes related to light-harvesting complex proteins, photosystem reaction center activity, electron transfer, chlorophyll synthesis, and Calvin cycle in H. citrina leaves. However, most of them were insignificantly changed under low-concentration (100 mmol L-1) stress. In addition, H. citrina leaves under saline-alkali stress exhibited yellow-brown necrotic spots, increased cell membrane permeability and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as well as osmolytes. Under 100 mmol L-1 stress, ROS was eliminate by enhancing the activities of antioxidant enzymes. Nevertheless, 250 mmol L-1 stress down-regulated the expression levels of genes encoding antioxidant enzymes, and key enzymes in ascorbate-glutathione (AsA-GSH) cycle as well as thioredoxin-peroxiredoxin (Trx-Prx) pathway, thus inhibiting the activities of these enzymes. In conclusion, 250 mmol L-1 saline-alkali stress caused severe damage to H. citrina mainly by inhibiting photosynthesis and ROS scavenging capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Chen
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Qiuxue Zhou
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Yuwei Feng
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Yanjun Dong
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Zixuan Zhang
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Yue Wang
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
| | - Wei Liu
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
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Zhang R, Zhang H, Wang L, Zeng Y. Effect of salt-alkali stress on seed germination of the halophyte Halostachys caspica. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13199. [PMID: 38851793 PMCID: PMC11162456 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61737-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The increasing global phenomenon of soil salinization has prompted heightened interest in the physiological ecology of plant salt and alkali tolerance. Halostachys caspica belonging to Amaranthaceae, an exceptionally salt-tolerant halophyte, is widely distributed in the arid and saline-alkali regions of Xinjiang, in Northwest China. Soil salinization and alkalinization frequently co-occur in nature, but very few studies focus on the interactive effects of various salt and alkali stress on plants. In this study, the impacts on the H. caspica seed germination, germination recovery and seedling growth were investigated under the salt and alkali stress. The results showed that the seed germination percentage was not significantly reduced at low salinity at pH 5.30-9.60, but decreased with elevated salt concentration and pH. Immediately after, salt was removed, ungerminated seeds under high salt concentration treatment exhibited a higher recovery germination percentage, indicating seed germination of H. caspica was inhibited under the condition of high salt-alkali stress. Stepwise regression analysis indicated that, at the same salt concentrations, alkaline salts exerted a more severe inhibition on seed germination, compared to neutral salts. The detrimental effects of salinity or high pH alone were less serious than their combination. Salt concentration, pH value, and their interactions had inhibitory effects on seed germination, with salinity being the decisive factor, while pH played a secondary role in salt-alkali mixed stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Ürümqi, 830017, China
| | - Huizhen Zhang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Ürümqi, 830017, China
| | - Lai Wang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Ürümqi, 830017, China
| | - Youling Zeng
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Ürümqi, 830017, China.
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Khoso MA, Wang M, Zhou Z, Huang Y, Li S, Zhang Y, Qian G, Ko SN, Pang Q, Liu C, Li L. Bacillus altitudinis AD13-4 Enhances Saline-Alkali Stress Tolerance of Alfalfa and Affects Composition of Rhizosphere Soil Microbial Community. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5785. [PMID: 38891975 PMCID: PMC11171787 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Saline and alkaline stresses limit plant growth and reduce crop yield. Soil salinization and alkalization seriously threaten the sustainable development of agriculture and the virtuous cycle of ecology. Biofertilizers made from plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) not only enhance plant growth and stress tolerance, but also are environmentally friendly and cost-effective. There have been many studies on the mechanisms underlying PGPRs enhancing plant salt resistance. However, there is limited knowledge about the interaction between PGPR and plants under alkaline-sodic stress. To clarify the mechanisms underlying PGPR's improvement of plants' tolerance to alkaline-sodic stress, we screened PGPR from the rhizosphere microorganisms of local plants growing in alkaline-sodic land and selected an efficient strain, Bacillus altitudinis AD13-4, as the research object. Our results indicate that the strain AD13-4 can produce various growth-promoting substances to regulate plant endogenous hormone levels, cell division and differentiation, photosynthesis, antioxidant capacity, etc. Transcriptome analysis revealed that the strain AD13-4 significantly affected metabolism and secondary metabolism, signal transduction, photosynthesis, redox processes, and plant-pathogen interactions. Under alkaline-sodic conditions, inoculation of the strain AD13-4 significantly improved plant biomass and the contents of metabolites (e.g., soluble proteins and sugars) as well as secondary metabolites (e.g., phenols, flavonoids, and terpenoids). The 16S rRNA gene sequencing results indicated that the strain AD13-4 significantly affected the abundance and composition of the rhizospheric microbiota and improved soil activities and physiochemical properties. Our study provides theoretical support for the optimization of saline-alkali-tolerant PGPR and valuable information for elucidating the mechanism of plant alkaline-sodic tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muneer Ahmed Khoso
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (M.A.K.); (M.W.); (Z.Z.); (Y.H.); (S.L.); (Y.Z.); (G.Q.); (S.N.K.); (Q.P.)
| | - Mingyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (M.A.K.); (M.W.); (Z.Z.); (Y.H.); (S.L.); (Y.Z.); (G.Q.); (S.N.K.); (Q.P.)
| | - Zhenzhen Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (M.A.K.); (M.W.); (Z.Z.); (Y.H.); (S.L.); (Y.Z.); (G.Q.); (S.N.K.); (Q.P.)
| | - Yongxue Huang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (M.A.K.); (M.W.); (Z.Z.); (Y.H.); (S.L.); (Y.Z.); (G.Q.); (S.N.K.); (Q.P.)
| | - Shenglin Li
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (M.A.K.); (M.W.); (Z.Z.); (Y.H.); (S.L.); (Y.Z.); (G.Q.); (S.N.K.); (Q.P.)
- College of Life Sciences and Agriculture and Forestry, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161006, China
| | - Yiming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (M.A.K.); (M.W.); (Z.Z.); (Y.H.); (S.L.); (Y.Z.); (G.Q.); (S.N.K.); (Q.P.)
| | - Guangtao Qian
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (M.A.K.); (M.W.); (Z.Z.); (Y.H.); (S.L.); (Y.Z.); (G.Q.); (S.N.K.); (Q.P.)
| | - Song Nam Ko
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (M.A.K.); (M.W.); (Z.Z.); (Y.H.); (S.L.); (Y.Z.); (G.Q.); (S.N.K.); (Q.P.)
| | - Qiuying Pang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (M.A.K.); (M.W.); (Z.Z.); (Y.H.); (S.L.); (Y.Z.); (G.Q.); (S.N.K.); (Q.P.)
| | - Changli Liu
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (M.A.K.); (M.W.); (Z.Z.); (Y.H.); (S.L.); (Y.Z.); (G.Q.); (S.N.K.); (Q.P.)
| | - Lixin Li
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (M.A.K.); (M.W.); (Z.Z.); (Y.H.); (S.L.); (Y.Z.); (G.Q.); (S.N.K.); (Q.P.)
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Song L, Yu Y, Chen H, Feng Y, Chen S, Zhang H, Zhou H, Meng L, Wang Y. Response of photosynthetic characteristics and antioxidant system in the leaves of safflower to NaCl and NaHCO 3. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2024; 43:146. [PMID: 38764051 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-024-03234-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Compared with NaCl, NaHCO3 caused more serious oxidative damage and photosynthesis inhibition in safflower by down-regulating the expression of related genes. Salt-alkali stress is one of the important factors that limit plant growth. NaCl and sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) are neutral and alkaline salts, respectively. This study investigated the physiological characteristics and molecular responses of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) leaves treated with 200 mmol L-1 of NaCl or NaHCO3. The plants treated with NaCl treatment were less effective at inhibiting the growth of safflower, but increased the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in leaves. Meanwhile, safflower alleviated stress damage by increasing proline (Pro), soluble protein (SP), and soluble sugar (SS). Both fresh weight and dry weight of safflower was severely decreased when it was subjected to NaHCO3 stress, and there was a significant increase in the permeability of cell membranes and the contents of osmotic regulatory substances. An enrichment analysis of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) using Gene Ontology and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes identified significant enrichment of photosynthesis and pathways related to oxidative stress. Furthermore, a weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) showed that the darkgreen module had the highest correlation with photosynthesis and oxidative stress traits. Large numbers of transcription factors, primarily from the MYB, GRAS, WRKY, and C2H2 families, were predicted from the genes within the darkgreen module. An analysis of physiological indicators and DEGs, it was found that under saline-alkali stress, genes related to chlorophyll synthesis enzymes were downregulated, while those related to degradation were upregulated, resulting in inhibited chlorophyll biosynthesis and decreased chlorophyll content. Additionally, NaCl and NaHCO3 stress downregulated the expression of genes related to the Calvin cycle, photosynthetic antenna proteins, and the activity of photosynthetic reaction centers to varying degrees, hindering the photosynthetic electron transfer process, suppressing photosynthesis, with NaHCO3 stress causing more pronounced adverse effects. In terms of oxidative stress, the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) did not change significantly under the NaCl treatment, but the contents of hydrogen peroxide and the rate of production of superoxide anions increased significantly under NaHCO3 stress. In addition, treatment with NaCl upregulated the levels of expression of the key genes for superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), the ascorbate-glutathione cycle, and the thioredoxin-peroxiredoxin pathway, and increased the activity of these enzymes, thus, reducing oxidative damage. Similarly, NaHCO3 stress increased the activities of SOD, CAT, and POD and the content of ascorbic acid and initiated the glutathione-S-transferase pathway to remove excess ROS but suppressed the regeneration of glutathione and the activity of peroxiredoxin. Overall, both neutral and alkaline salts inhibited the photosynthetic process of safflower, although alkaline salt caused a higher level of stress than neutral salt. Safflower alleviated the oxidative damage induced by stress by regulating its antioxidant system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Song
- School of Life Sciences, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Henan, China
| | - Yongliang Yu
- Institute of Chinese Herbel Medicines, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hongzhi Chen
- College of Bioengineering, Xinxiang Institute of Engineering, Henan, China
| | - Yuwei Feng
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Shuo Chen
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Huihui Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Haijia Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Henan, China
| | - Li Meng
- School of Life Sciences, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Henan, China.
| | - Yue Wang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
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10
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Zhang Z, Xia Z, Zhou C, Wang G, Meng X, Yin P. Insights into Salinity Tolerance in Wheat. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:573. [PMID: 38790202 PMCID: PMC11121000 DOI: 10.3390/genes15050573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Salt stress has a detrimental impact on food crop production, with its severity escalating due to both natural and man-made factors. As one of the most important food crops, wheat is susceptible to salt stress, resulting in abnormal plant growth and reduced yields; therefore, damage from salt stress should be of great concern. Additionally, the utilization of land in coastal areas warrants increased attention, given diminishing supplies of fresh water and arable land, and the escalating demand for wheat. A comprehensive understanding of the physiological and molecular changes in wheat under salt stress can offer insights into mitigating the adverse effects of salt stress on wheat. In this review, we summarized the genes and molecular mechanisms involved in ion transport, signal transduction, and enzyme and hormone regulation, in response to salt stress based on the physiological processes in wheat. Then, we surveyed the latest progress in improving the salt tolerance of wheat through breeding, exogenous applications, and microbial pathways. Breeding efficiency can be improved through a combination of gene editing and multiple omics techniques, which is the fundamental strategy for dealing with salt stress. Possible challenges and prospects in this process were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Pengcheng Yin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling and Environmental Adaptation, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China; (Z.Z.); (Z.X.); (C.Z.); (G.W.); (X.M.)
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11
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Wang H, Zhao S, Qi Z, Yang C, Ding D, Xiao B, Wang S, Yang C. Regulation of Root Exudation in Wheat Plants in Response to Alkali Stress. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1227. [PMID: 38732442 PMCID: PMC11085862 DOI: 10.3390/plants13091227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Soil alkalization is an important environmental factor limiting crop production. Despite the importance of root secretion in the response of plants to alkali stress, the regulatory mechanism is unclear. In this study, we applied a widely targeted metabolomics approach using a local MS/MS data library constructed with authentic standards to identify and quantify root exudates of wheat under salt and alkali stresses. The regulatory mechanism of root secretion in alkali-stressed wheat plants was analyzed by determining transcriptional and metabolic responses. Our primary focus was alkali stress-induced secreted metabolites (AISMs) that showed a higher secretion rate in alkali-stressed plants than in control and salt-stressed plants. This secretion was mainly induced by high-pH stress. We discovered 55 AISMs containing -COOH groups, including 23 fatty acids, 4 amino acids, 1 amino acid derivative, 7 dipeptides, 5 organic acids, 9 phenolic acids, and 6 others. In the roots, we also discovered 29 metabolites with higher levels under alkali stress than under control and salt stress conditions, including 2 fatty acids, 3 amino acid derivatives, 1 dipeptide, 2 organic acids, and 11 phenolic acids. These alkali stress-induced accumulated carboxylic acids may support continuous root secretion during the response of wheat plants to alkali stress. In the roots, RNAseq analysis indicated that 5 6-phosphofructokinase (glycolysis rate-limiting enzyme) genes, 16 key fatty acid synthesis genes, and 122 phenolic acid synthesis genes have higher expression levels under alkali stress than under control and salt stress conditions. We propose that the secretion of multiple types of metabolites with a -COOH group is an important pH regulation strategy for alkali-stressed wheat plants. Enhanced glycolysis, fatty acid synthesis, and phenolic acid synthesis will provide more energy and substrates for root secretion during the response of wheat to alkali stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Wang
- Department of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Shuting Zhao
- Department of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Zexin Qi
- Department of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Changgang Yang
- Wheat Research Institute, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Dan Ding
- Department of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Binbin Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Shihong Wang
- Wheat Research Institute, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Chunwu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
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12
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Sharma M, Tisarum R, Kohli RK, Batish DR, Cha-Um S, Singh HP. Inroads into saline-alkaline stress response in plants: unravelling morphological, physiological, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms. PLANTA 2024; 259:130. [PMID: 38647733 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-024-04368-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION This article discusses the complex network of ion transporters, genes, microRNAs, and transcription factors that regulate crop tolerance to saline-alkaline stress. The framework aids scientists produce stress-tolerant crops for smart agriculture. Salinity and alkalinity are frequently coexisting abiotic limitations that have emerged as archetypal mediators of low yield in many semi-arid and arid regions throughout the world. Saline-alkaline stress, which occurs in an environment with high concentrations of salts and a high pH, negatively impacts plant metabolism to a greater extent than either stress alone. Of late, saline stress has been the focus of the majority of investigations, and saline-alkaline mixed studies are largely lacking. Therefore, a thorough understanding and integration of how plants and crops rewire metabolic pathways to repair damage caused by saline-alkaline stress is of particular interest. This review discusses the multitude of resistance mechanisms that plants develop to cope with saline-alkaline stress, including morphological and physiological adaptations as well as molecular regulation. We examine the role of various ion transporters, transcription factors (TFs), differentially expressed genes (DEGs), microRNAs (miRNAs), or quantitative trait loci (QTLs) activated under saline-alkaline stress in achieving opportunistic modes of growth, development, and survival. The review provides a background for understanding the transport of micronutrients, specifically iron (Fe), in conditions of iron deficiency produced by high pH. Additionally, it discusses the role of calcium in enhancing stress tolerance. The review highlights that to encourage biomolecular architects to reconsider molecular responses as auxiliary for developing tolerant crops and raising crop production, it is essential to (a) close the major gaps in our understanding of saline-alkaline resistance genes, (b) identify and take into account crop-specific responses, and (c) target stress-tolerant genes to specific crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansi Sharma
- Department of Environment Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160 014, India
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Sharda School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, 201310, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rujira Tisarum
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 113 Thailand Science Park, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Ravinder Kumar Kohli
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
- Amity University, Mohali Campus, Sector 82A, Mohali, 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Daizy R Batish
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Suriyan Cha-Um
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 113 Thailand Science Park, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Harminder Pal Singh
- Department of Environment Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160 014, India.
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13
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Duan Y, Jiang L, Lei T, Ouyang K, Liu C, Zhao Z, Li Y, Yang L, Li J, Yi S, Gao S. Increasing Ca 2+ accumulation in salt glands under salt stress increases stronger selective secretion of Na + in Plumbago auriculata tetraploids. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1376427. [PMID: 38685960 PMCID: PMC11056565 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1376427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Under salt stress, recretohalophyte Plumbago auriculata tetraploids enhance salt tolerance by increasing selective secretion of Na+ compared with that in diploids, although the mechanism is unclear. Using non-invasive micro-test technology, the effect of salt gland Ca2+ content on Na+ and K+ secretion were investigated in diploid and tetraploid P. auriculata under salt stress. Salt gland Ca2+ content and secretion rates of Na+ and K+ were higher in tetraploids than in diploids under salt stress. Addition of exogenous Ca2+ increased the Ca2+ content of the salt gland in diploids and is accompanied by an increase in the rate of Na+ and K+ secretion. With addition of a Ca2+ channel inhibitor, diploid salt glands retained large amounts of Ca2+, leading to higher Ca2+ content and Na+ secretion rate than those of tetraploids. Inhibiting H2O2 generation and H+-ATPase activity altered Na+ and K+ secretion rates in diploids and tetraploids under salt stress, indicating involvement in regulating Na+ and K+ secretion. Our results indicate that the increased Na+ secretion rate of salt gland in tetraploids under salt stress was associated with elevated Ca2+ content in salt gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Duan
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liqiong Jiang
- Chengdu Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Ting Lei
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Keyu Ouyang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Cailei Liu
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zi’an Zhao
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yirui Li
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lijuan Yang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiani Li
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shouli Yi
- College of Fine Art and Calligraphy, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Suping Gao
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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14
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Shen T, Xu F, Chen D, Yan R, Wang Q, Li K, Zhang G, Ni L, Jiang M. A B-box transcription factor OsBBX17 regulates saline-alkaline tolerance through the MAPK cascade pathway in rice. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 241:2158-2175. [PMID: 38098211 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Rice OsBBX17 encodes a B-box zinc finger transcription factor in which the N-terminal B-box structural domain interacts with OsMPK1. In addition, it directly binds to the G-box of OsHAK2 and OsHAK7 promoters and represses their transcription. Under saline-alkaline conditions, the expression of OsBBX17 was inhibited. Meanwhile, activation of the OsMPK1-mediated mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade pathway caused OsMPK1 to interact with OsBBX17 and phosphorylate OsBBX17 at the Thr-95 site. It reduced OsBBX17 DNA-binding activity and enhanced saline-alkaline tolerance by deregulating transcriptional repression of OsHAK2 and OsHAK7. Genetic assays showed that the osbbx17-KO had an excellent saline-alkaline tolerance, whereas the opposite was in OsBBX17-OE. In addition, overexpression of OsMPK1 significantly improved saline-alkaline tolerance, but knockout of OsMPK1 caused an increased sensitivity. Further overexpression of OsBBX17 in the osmpk1-KO caused extreme saline-alkaline sensitivity, even a quick death. OsBBX17 was validated in saline-alkaline tolerance from two independent aspects, transcriptional level and post-translational protein modification, unveiling a mechanistic framework by which OsMPK1-mediated phosphorylation of OsBBX17 regulates the transcription of OsHAK2 and OsHAK7 to enhance the Na+ /K+ homeostasis, which partially explains light on the molecular mechanisms of rice responds to saline-alkaline stress via B-box transcription factors for the genetic engineering of saline-alkaline tolerant crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Shen
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Fengjuan Xu
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Dan Chen
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Runjiao Yan
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Qingwen Wang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Kaiyue Li
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Gang Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Lan Ni
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Mingyi Jiang
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
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15
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Huang Z, Zhai J, Li Z, Yu L. Populus euphratica has stronger regrowth ability than Populus pruinosa under salinity stress. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2024; 176:e14297. [PMID: 38634382 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Pest infestation and soil salinization levels are increasing due to climate change. Comprehending plant regrowth after insect damage and salinity stress is crucial to understanding climate change's multifactorial impacts on forest ecosystems. This study examined Populus euphratica and P. pruinosa regrowth after different defoliation levels combined with salinity stress. Specifically, the biomass and regrowth ability, non-structural carbohydrate (NSC) and nitrogen (N) pools in different organs and the whole plant, and the leaf Cl- concentration of both poplars were analyzed. Our results showed that after 50% defoliation and no salt addition, the regrowth of both species recovered similarly to the control level, while their regrowth was about 70% after 90% defoliation. However, under salinity stress, the regrowth (% leaf biomass) of P. euphratica was significantly higher than P. pruinose at either the 50% or 90% defoliation levels. Additionally, P. euphratica had more soluble sugar, starch, NSC and N pools in leaf, stem, root and whole plant than P. pruinose under salinity stress. The regrowth based on leaf biomass increased linearly with soluble sugar, starch, NSC and N pools, and decreased linearly with leaf Cl- concentration across different salinity and defoliation levels. These results indicated that defoliation significantly decreased NSC and N pools, limiting the growth of both poplars, and salinity stress exacerbated the negative effect. Furthermore, when suffering from salinity stress, P. euphratica with higher NSC and N pools exhibited stronger regrowth ability than P. pruinose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongdi Huang
- Department of Ecology, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Juntuan Zhai
- College of Life Science and Technology, Tarim University, China
| | - Zhijun Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Tarim University, China
| | - Lei Yu
- Department of Ecology, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
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16
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Chen J, Tang L, Guo W, Wang D, Sun Y, Guo C. Oxalic acid secretion alleviates saline-alkali stress in alfalfa by improving photosynthetic characteristics and antioxidant activity. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 208:108475. [PMID: 38430786 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Saline-alkali stress significantly affects the growth and yield of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). Organic acid secretion is crucial in alleviating abiotic stress-induced damage in plants. In this study, we evaluated the contents of the major organic acids secreted by the roots of tolerant (ZD) and sensitive (LYL) varieties of alfalfa under saline-alkali stress and investigated the effects of these organic acids on the growth, and physiological functions of alfalfa. Our results indicated that the oxalic acid (OA) content was the highest among the organic acids secreted from alfalfa roots under saline-alkali stress, and oxalic acid content was the most significantly different between the two varieties, ZD and LYL, compared to the contents of the other organic acids. Oxalic acid alleviated the inhibition of alfalfa growth caused by saline-alkali stress, improved photosynthetic characteristics, reduced the accumulation of reactive oxygen species, and increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes and content of osmoregulatory substances. Furthermore, oxalic acid resulted in significantly increased expression of genes involved in photosynthesis and antioxidant system in alfalfa under saline-alkali stress. This study revealed the effects of oxalic acid secreted by the root system on stress-related physiological processes, providing valuable insights into the functions of root secretions in plant saline-alkali resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cytogenetics, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Lu Tang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cytogenetics, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Weileng Guo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cytogenetics, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cytogenetics, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yugang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cytogenetics, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Changhong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cytogenetics, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, Heilongjiang Province, China.
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17
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Li X, Guan C, Liu H, Wang T, Lin M, Zhou D, Zhang Y, Bi X. PvARL1 Increases Biomass Yield and Enhances Alkaline Tolerance in Switchgrass ( Panicum virgatum L.). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:566. [PMID: 38475413 DOI: 10.3390/plants13050566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Switchgrass is an important bioenergy crop valued for its biomass yield and abiotic tolerance. Alkali stress is a major abiotic stress that significantly impedes plant growth and yield due to high salinity and pH; however, the response mechanism of switchgrass to alkali stress remains limited. Here, we characterized PvARL1, an ARF-like gene, which was up-regulated in both the shoot and root tissues under alkali stress conditions. Overexpression of PvARL1 not only improved alkali tolerance but also promoted biomass yield with more tiller and higher plant height in switchgrass. Moreover, PvARL1 overexpression lines displayed higher capacities in the maintenance of water content and photosynthetic stability compared with the controls under alkali treatments. A significant reduction in the ratio of electrolyte leakage, MDA content, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) showed that PvARL1 plays a positive role in protecting cell membrane integrity. In addition, PvARL1 also negatively affected the K+ efflux or uptake in roots to alleviate ion toxicity under alkali treatments. Overall, our results suggest that PvARL1 functions as a positive regulator in plant growth as well as in the plant response to alkali stress, which could be used to improve switchgrass biomass yield and alkali tolerance genetically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Li
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Cong Guan
- Institute of Leisure Agriculture, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Huayue Liu
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Mengzhuo Lin
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Die Zhou
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yunwei Zhang
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaojing Bi
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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18
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Guo R, Zhou Z, Cai R, Liu L, Wang R, Sun Y, Wang D, Yan Z, Guo C. Metabolomic and physiological analysis of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) in response to saline and alkaline stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 207:108338. [PMID: 38244388 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is a leguminous forage widely grown worldwide. Saline and alkaline stress can affect its development and yield. To elucidate the physiological mechanisms of alfalfa in response to saline and alkaline stress, we investigated the growth and physiological and metabolomic changes in alfalfa under saline (100 mM NaCl) and alkaline (100 mM Na2CO3, NaHCO3) stress. At the same Na+ concentration, alkaline stress caused more damage than that caused by saline stress. A total of 65 and 124 metabolites were identified in response to saline and alkaline stress, respectively. Determination of gene expression, enzyme activity, substance content, and KEGG enrichment analysis in key pathways revealed that alfalfa responded to saline stress primarily by osmoregulation and TCA cycle enhancement. Flavonoid synthesis, TCA cycle, glutamate anabolism, jasmonate synthesis, and cell wall component synthesis increased as responses to alkaline stress. This study provides important resources for breeding saline-alkaline-resistant alfalfa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Guo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cytogenetics and Genetic Breeding of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, China
| | - Zeyu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cytogenetics and Genetic Breeding of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, China
| | - Run Cai
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cytogenetics and Genetic Breeding of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cytogenetics and Genetic Breeding of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, China
| | - Ruixin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cytogenetics and Genetic Breeding of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, China
| | - Yugang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cytogenetics and Genetic Breeding of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cytogenetics and Genetic Breeding of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, China
| | - Zhe Yan
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Changhong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cytogenetics and Genetic Breeding of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, China.
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19
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Shakoor N, Hussain M, Adeel M, Azeem I, Ahmad MA, Zain M, Zhang P, Li Y, Quanlong W, Horton R, Rui Y. Lithium-induced alterations in soybean nodulation and nitrogen fixation through multifunctional mechanisms. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 904:166438. [PMID: 37633397 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
The increasing footprints of lithium (Li) in agroecosystems combined with limited recycling options have raised uncertain consequences for important crops. Nitrogen (N2)-fixation by legumes is an important biological response process, but the cause and effect of Li exposure on plant root-nodule symbiosis and biological N2-fixation (BNF) potential are still unclear. Soybean as a model plant was exposed to Li at low (25 mg kg-1), medium (50 mg kg-1), and high (100 mg kg-1) concentrations. We found that soybean growth and nodulation capacity had a concentration-dependent response to Li. Li at 100 mg kg-1 reduced the nodule numbers, weight, and BNF potential of soybean in comparison to the low and medium levels. Significant shift in soybean growth and BNF after exposure to Li were associated with alteration in the nodule metabolic pathways involved in nitrogen uptake and metabolism (urea, glutamine and glutamate). Importantly, poor soybean nodulation after high Li exposure was due in part to a decreased abundance of bacterium Ensifer in the nodule bacterial community. Also, the dominant N2-fixing bacterium Ensifer was significantly correlated with carbon and nitrogen metabolic pathways. The findings of our study offer mechanistic insights into the environmental and biological impacts of Li on soybean root-nodule symbiosis and N2-acquisition and provide a pathway to develop strategies to mitigate the challenges posed by Li in agroecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noman Shakoor
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation and College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Muzammil Hussain
- College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China
| | - Muhammad Adeel
- BNU-HKUST Laboratory of Green Innovation, Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences, Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai, Zhuhai, 519087, Guangdong, PR China.
| | - Imran Azeem
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation and College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Muhammad Arslan Ahmad
- College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China
| | - Muhammad Zain
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Yuanbo Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation and College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Wang Quanlong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation and College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Robert Horton
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Yukui Rui
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation and College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China.
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20
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Liu L, Chen Y, Zhang L, Bi X, Meng F, Luo Q. Effects of NaHCO 3 Stress on Black Locust ( Robinia pseudoacacia L.) Physiology, Biochemistry, and Rhizosphere Bacterial Communities. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2941. [PMID: 38138085 PMCID: PMC10745695 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11122941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Soil salinization has become an ecological and environmental problem that cannot be ignored. Tetraploid black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) is a leguminous tree with characteristics of drought and saline-alkali tolerance. Rhizosphere bacteria are the primary functional microorganisms within the plant root system, and they play a crucial role in regulating plant growth and enhancing stress tolerance. However, there is still a lack of research on the effect of saline-alkali stress on the bacterial community structure in the rhizosphere of black locusts. In this study, we applied 0, 50, 100, and 150 mM NaHCO3 stress to diploid (2×) and tetraploid (4×) black locusts for 16 days. We used 16S rDNA sequencing to investigate the changes in the rhizosphere bacterial communities. Furthermore, we evaluated soil enzyme activity and plant physiological characteristics to explore the response of rhizosphere bacteria to NaHCO3 stress. The results demonstrated that the 4× plant exhibited superior alkali resistance compared to its 2× plant counterpart under NaHCO3 stress. Simultaneously, it was observed that low concentrations of NaHCO3 stress notably increased the abundance of rhizosphere bacteria in both plant types, while reducing their diversity. The impact of stress on the rhizosphere bacterial community weakened as the stress concentration increased. The application of NaHCO3 stress caused a significant change in the composition of the bacterial community in the rhizosphere. Additionally, alkaline salt stress influences the diversity of rhizosphere bacterial communities, which are linked to soil enzyme activities. These data will help us better understand the relationship between the dominant rhizosphere bacterial community and black locust. They will also provide a reference for further improving the alkali resistance of black locust by enhancing the soil bacterial community.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Fanjuan Meng
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, College of Life Sciences, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (L.L.); (Y.C.); (L.Z.); (X.B.)
| | - Qiuxiang Luo
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, College of Life Sciences, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (L.L.); (Y.C.); (L.Z.); (X.B.)
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21
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Wang H, Ye L, Zhou L, Yu J, Pang B, Zuo D, Gu L, Zhu B, Du X, Wang H. Co-Expression Network Analysis of the Transcriptome Identified Hub Genes and Pathways Responding to Saline-Alkaline Stress in Sorghum bicolor L. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16831. [PMID: 38069156 PMCID: PMC10706439 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Soil salinization, an intractable problem, is becoming increasingly serious and threatening fragile natural ecosystems and even the security of human food supplies. Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) is one of the main crops growing in salinized soil. However, the tolerance mechanisms of sorghum to saline-alkaline soil are still ambiguous. In this study, RNA sequencing was carried out to explore the gene expression profiles of sorghum treated with sodium bicarbonate (150 mM, pH = 8.0, treated for 0, 6, 12 and 24 h). The results show that 6045, 5122, 6804, 7978, 8080 and 12,899 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected in shoots and roots after 6, 12 and 24 h treatments, respectively. GO, KEGG and weighted gene co-expression analyses indicate that the DEGs generated by saline-alkaline stress were primarily enriched in plant hormone signal transduction, the MAPK signaling pathway, starch and sucrose metabolism, glutathione metabolism and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. Key pathway and hub genes (TPP1, WRKY61, YSL1 and NHX7) are mainly related to intracellular ion transport and lignin synthesis. The molecular and physiological regulation processes of saline-alkali-tolerant sorghum are shown by these results, which also provide useful knowledge for improving sorghum yield and quality under saline-alkaline conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xuye Du
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China; (H.W.); (L.Y.); (L.Z.); (J.Y.); (B.P.); (D.Z.); (L.G.); (B.Z.)
| | - Huinan Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China; (H.W.); (L.Y.); (L.Z.); (J.Y.); (B.P.); (D.Z.); (L.G.); (B.Z.)
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22
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Li J, Liu X, Ahmad N, Wang Y, Ge H, Wang Y, Liu W, Li X, Wang N, Wang F, Dong Y. CePP2C19 confers tolerance to drought by regulating the ABA sensitivity in Cyperus esculentus. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:524. [PMID: 37898801 PMCID: PMC10612301 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04522-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tiger nut (Cyperus esculentus) is widely known as an additional source of food, oil and feed worldwide. The agricultural production of tiger nut has been greatly hindered by drought stress, reducing both yield and quality. Protein phosphatase 2 C (PP2Cs) plays an important role in plant responses to drought stress however, the molecular mechanism of PP2Cs in tiger nuts still unclear. RESULTS In this study, we identified a putative group A PP2C-encoding gene (CePP2C19) from tiger nut using transcriptome analysis, which is highly induced by drought stress. The transient expression assay suggested that CePP2C19 was localized to nucleus. Furthermore, the interaction between CePP2C19 and CePYR1, a coreceptor for ABA signaling, was first detected using a yeast two-hybrid assay and then verified using a bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) analysis. In addition, the transgenic Arabidopsis lines overexpressing CePP2C19 exhibited extreme tolerance to ABA and mannitol stresses during seed germination and root growth. At the mature stage, overexpression of CePP2C19 resulted in a higher tolerance to drought stress in transgenic Arabidopsis, as confirmed by a visible phenotype and several physiological parameters. Noticeably, the silencing of CePP2C19 by virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) showed obvious reduction in drought tolerance in tiger nut plants. CONCLUSIONS The CePP2C19 emerges as a pivotal gene involved in the ABA signaling pathway, which likely reduce ABA sensitivity and thus enhances drought tolerance in Cyperus esculentus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Li
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Xinyi Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Naveed Ahmad
- Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yifei Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Hengshuo Ge
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Yijin Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Weican Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Xiaowei Li
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Nan Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Fawei Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Yuanyuan Dong
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China.
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23
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Chen Z, Guo Z, Xu N, Cao X, Niu J. Graphene nanoparticles improve alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) growth through multiple metabolic pathways under salinity-stressed environment. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 289:154092. [PMID: 37716315 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2023.154092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
Graphene, one of the emerging carbon nanomaterials, has many advantages and applications. Salinity stress seriously affects ecology and agroforestry worldwide. The effects of graphene on alfalfa under salinity stress were investigated. The results indicated that graphene promoted alfalfa growth under non-salinity stress but caused some degree of damage to root cells and leaf parameters. Graphene used in salinity stress had a positive effect on growth parameters, chlorophyll, photosynthetic gas parameters, stomatal opening, ion balance, osmotic homeostasis, cell membrane integrity and antioxidant system, while it decreased Na+, lipid peroxidation and reactive oxygen species levels. Correlation analysis revealed that most of the parameters were significantly correlated; and principal component analysis indicated that the first two dimensions (78.1% and 4.1%) explained 82.2% of the total variability, and the majority of them exceeded the average contribution. Additionally, Gene Ontology functional enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes signaling pathway enrichment analysis showed that there were numerous differentially expressed genes and pathways to regulate alfalfa responding to salinity stress. Taken together, the findings reveal that graphene does not enter the plant, but improves the properties and adsorption of soil to enhance salt tolerance and seedling growth of alfalfa through morphological, physiological, biochemical, and transcriptomic aspects. Furthermore, this study provides a reference for the application of graphene to improve soil environment and agricultural production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Chen
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Zhipeng Guo
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Nan Xu
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Xinlong Cao
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Junpeng Niu
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China.
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24
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Wang WX, Zhang ZX, Wang X, Han C, Dong YJ, Wang YX. Functional identification of ANR genes in apple (Malus halliana) that reduce saline-alkali stress tolerance. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2023; 25:892-901. [PMID: 37448174 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
As one of the major abiotic stresses restricting the development of global agriculture, saline-alkali stress causes osmotic stress, ion poisoning, ROS damage and high pH damage, which seriously restrict sustainable development of fruit industry. Therefore, it is essential to develop and cultivate saline-alkali-resistant apple rootstocks to improve the yield and quality of apples in China. Based on transcriptome data, MhANR (LOC114827797), which is significantly induced by saline-alkali stress, was cloned from Malus halliana. The physicochemical properties, evolutionary relationships and cis-acting elements were analysed. Subsequently, the tolerance of MhANR overexpression in Arabidopsis thaliana, tobacco, and apple calli to saline-alkali stress was verified through genetic transformation. Transgenic plants contained less Chl a, Chl b and proline, SOD, POD and CAT activity, and higher relative electrical conductivity (REC) compared to WT plants under saline-alkali stress. In addition, expression of saline-alkali stress-related genes in overexpressed apple calli were also lower than in WT calli, including the antioxidant genes (MhSOD and MhCAT^), the Na+ transporter genes (MhCAX5, MhCAX5, MhSOS1, MhALT1), and the H+ -ATPase genes (MhAHA2 and MhAHA8), while expression of the K+ transporter genes (MhSKOR and MhNHX4) were higher. Expression of MhANR reduced tolerance of A. thaliana, tobacco, and apple calli to saline-alkali stress by regulating osmoregulatory substances, chlorophyll content, antioxidant enzyme activity, and expression of saline-alkali stress-related genes. This research provides a theoretical basis for cultivating apple rootstocks with effective saline-alkali stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- W-X Wang
- Colege of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Z-X Zhang
- Colege of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - X Wang
- Colege of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - C Han
- Colege of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Y-J Dong
- Colege of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Y-X Wang
- Colege of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
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25
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Ding D, Mi X, Wu J, Nisa ZU, Elansary HO, Jin X, Yu L, Chen C. GsPKS24, a calcineurin B-like protein-interacting protein kinase gene from Glycine soja, positively regulates tolerance to pH stress and ABA signal transduction. Funct Integr Genomics 2023; 23:276. [PMID: 37596462 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-023-01213-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
SOS2-like protein kinases (PKS/CIPK) family genes are known to be involved in various abiotic stresses in plants. Even though, its functions have been well characterized under salt and drought stresses. The roles of PKS genes associated with alkaline stress response are not fully established yet. In this study, we identified 56 PKS family genes which could be mainly classified into three groups in wild soybean (Glycine soja). PKS family genes transcript profiles revealed different expression patterns under alkali stress. Furthermore, we confirmed the regulatory roles of GsPKS24 in response to NaHCO3, pH and ABA treatments. Overexpression of GsPKS24 enhanced plant tolerance to pH stress in Arabidopsis and soybean hairy roots but conferred suppressed pH tolerance in Arabidopsis atpks mutant. Additionally, Overexpression of GsPKS24 decreased the ABA sensitivity compared to Arabidopsis atpks mutant which displayed more sensitivity towards ABA. Moreover, upregulated expression of stress responsive and ABA signal-related genes were detected in GsPKS24 overexpression lines. In conclusion, we identified the wild soybean PKS family genes, and explored the roles of GsPKS24 in positive response to pH stress tolerance, and in alleviation of ABA sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deqiang Ding
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Mi
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyu Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, People's Republic of China
| | - Zaib-Un Nisa
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology IMBB, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Hosam O Elansary
- Department of Plant Production, College of Food & Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xiaoxia Jin
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijie Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, People's Republic of China.
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26
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Zhao B, Liu Z, Zhu C, Zhang Z, Shi W, Lu Q, Sun J. Saline-Alkaline Stress Resistance of Cabernet Sauvignon Grapes Grafted on Different Rootstocks and Rootstock Combinations. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2881. [PMID: 37571034 PMCID: PMC10421111 DOI: 10.3390/plants12152881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Grafting the wine grape variety Cabernet Sauvignon onto salinity-tolerant rootstocks can improve salinity tolerance and grape yields in regions with high salinity soils. In this experiment, the effects of different rootstocks and rootstock combinations on the saline-alkaline stress (modified Hoagland nutrient solution + 50 mmol L-1 (NaCl + NaHCO3)) of Cabernet Sauvignon were studied. Correlation and principal component analyses were conducted on several physiological indicators of saline-alkaline stress. Salinity limited biomass accumulation, induced damage to the plant membrane, reduced the chlorophyll content and photosynthetic capacity of plants, and increased the content of malondialdehyde, sodium (Na+)/potassium (K+) ratio, and antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase). Significant differences in several indicators were observed among the experimental groups. The results indicate that the saline-alkaline tolerance of Cabernet Sauvignon after grafting was the same as that of the rootstock, indicating that the increased resistance of Cabernet Sauvignon grapes to saline-alkaline stress stems from the transferability of the saline-alkaline stress resistance of the rootstock to the scion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baolong Zhao
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China; (B.Z.); (Z.L.); (C.Z.); (Z.Z.); (W.S.); (Q.L.)
- The Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization of the Xinjiang Production and Construction, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Zhiyu Liu
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China; (B.Z.); (Z.L.); (C.Z.); (Z.Z.); (W.S.); (Q.L.)
- The Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization of the Xinjiang Production and Construction, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Chunmei Zhu
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China; (B.Z.); (Z.L.); (C.Z.); (Z.Z.); (W.S.); (Q.L.)
- The Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization of the Xinjiang Production and Construction, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China; (B.Z.); (Z.L.); (C.Z.); (Z.Z.); (W.S.); (Q.L.)
- The Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization of the Xinjiang Production and Construction, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Wenchao Shi
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China; (B.Z.); (Z.L.); (C.Z.); (Z.Z.); (W.S.); (Q.L.)
- The Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization of the Xinjiang Production and Construction, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Qianjun Lu
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China; (B.Z.); (Z.L.); (C.Z.); (Z.Z.); (W.S.); (Q.L.)
- The Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization of the Xinjiang Production and Construction, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Junli Sun
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China; (B.Z.); (Z.L.); (C.Z.); (Z.Z.); (W.S.); (Q.L.)
- The Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization of the Xinjiang Production and Construction, Shihezi 832003, China
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27
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Haydar MS, Ali S, Mandal P, Roy D, Roy MN, Kundu S, Kundu S, Choudhuri C. Fe-Mn nanocomposites doped graphene quantum dots alleviate salt stress of Triticum aestivum through osmolyte accumulation and antioxidant defense. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11040. [PMID: 37419934 PMCID: PMC10328949 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38268-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023] Open
Abstract
An investigation was carried out to evaluate the effect of graphene quantum dots (GQD) and its nanocomposites on germination, growth, biochemical, histological, and major ROS detoxifying antioxidant enzyme activities involved in salinity stress tolerance of wheat. Seedlings were grown on nutrient-free sand and treatment solutions were applied through solid matrix priming and by foliar spray. Control seedlings under salinity stress exhibited a reduction in photosynthetic pigment, sugar content, growth, increased electrolyte leakage, and lipid peroxidation, whereas iron-manganese nanocomposites doped GQD (FM_GQD) treated seedlings were well adapted and performed better compared to control. Enzymatic antioxidants like catalase, peroxidase, glutathione reductase and NADPH oxidase were noted to increase by 40.5, 103.2, 130.19, and 141.23% respectively by application of FM_GQD. Histological evidence confirmed a lower extent of lipid peroxidation and safeguarding the plasma membrane integrity through osmolyte accumulation and redox homeostasis. All of these interactive phenomena lead to an increment in wheat seedling growth by 28.06% through FM_GQD application. These findings highlight that micronutrient like iron, manganese doped GQD can be a promising nano-fertilizer for plant growth and this article will serve as a reference as it is the very first report regarding the ameliorative role of GQD in salt stress mitigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Salman Haydar
- Nanobiology and Phytotherapy Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of North Bengal, Siliguri, West Bengal, 734013, India
| | - Salim Ali
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling, West Bengal, 734013, India
| | - Palash Mandal
- Nanobiology and Phytotherapy Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of North Bengal, Siliguri, West Bengal, 734013, India
| | - Debadrita Roy
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling, West Bengal, 734013, India
| | - Mahendra Nath Roy
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling, West Bengal, 734013, India
- Department of Chemistry, Alipurduar University, Alipurduar, West Bengal, 734013, India
| | - Sourav Kundu
- Nanobiology and Phytotherapy Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of North Bengal, Siliguri, West Bengal, 734013, India
| | - Sudipta Kundu
- Nanobiology and Phytotherapy Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of North Bengal, Siliguri, West Bengal, 734013, India
| | - Chandrani Choudhuri
- Department of Botany, North Bengal St. Xavier's College, University of North Bengal, Rajganj, Jalpaiguri, West Bengal, 735134, India.
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Yan G, Shi Y, Mu C, Wang J. Differences in Organic Solute and Metabolites of Leymus chinensis in Response to Different Intensities of Salt and Alkali Stress. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12091916. [PMID: 37176974 PMCID: PMC10181334 DOI: 10.3390/plants12091916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
To explore differences in the physiological metabolic response mechanisms of grassland perennial plants to different intensities of salt-alkali stress, we employed GC-MS to identify the metabolome of perennial rhizome-saline-tolerant Leymus chinensis (L. chinensis). L. chinensis reduced stress damage by accumulating osmotic solutes during salt-alkali stress, although the types of accumulated solutes varied with stress and concentration gradients. Soluble sugars increased only under mild salt-alkali stress. Under salt and mild alkali stress, amino acids increased. Under severe salt-alkali stress, organic acids increased. Betaine increased as a typical osmolute under salt-alkali stress. Metabolic analysis identified 20 metabolites, including 4 amino acids, 6 sugars, and 10 organic acids. The majority of them increased in response to stress. Under mild salt stress, the metabolites included glycine and proline. Under mild alkali stress, they primarily consisted of sugars such as isomaltose and lactulose, whereas under severe salt-alkali stress, they primarily consisted of organic acids such as citric acid and isocitric acid. Pathway analysis showed that six pathways were affected. Glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism was affected under mild salt stress. Alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism and butanota metabolism were affected under mild alkali stress, while energy metabolism pathways, such as the TCA cycle and glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism, were affected under severe salt-alkali stress. The results indicate the importance of betaine in stress resistance and the significance of organic acid in severe salt stress, and they also demonstrate that energy supply was one of the key mechanisms in response to severe salt-alkali stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Yan
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Grassland Science, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, No. 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Yujie Shi
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Grassland Science, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, No. 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Chunsheng Mu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Grassland Science, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, No. 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Junfeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Grassland Science, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, No. 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
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Integrated Transcriptome and Metabolome Analysis of Rice Leaves Response to High Saline-Alkali Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24044062. [PMID: 36835473 PMCID: PMC9960601 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa) is one of the most important crops grown worldwide, and saline-alkali stress seriously affects the yield and quality of rice. It is imperative to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying rice response to saline-alkali stress. In this study, we conducted an integrated analysis of the transcriptome and metabolome to elucidate the effects of long-term saline-alkali stress on rice. High saline-alkali stress (pH > 9.5) induced significant changes in gene expression and metabolites, including 9347 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 693 differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs). Among the DAMs, lipids and amino acids accumulation were greatly enhanced. The pathways of the ABC transporter, amino acid biosynthesis and metabolism, glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism, glutathione metabolism, TCA cycle, and linoleic acid metabolism, etc., were significantly enriched with DEGs and DAMs. These results suggest that the metabolites and pathways play important roles in rice's response to high saline-alkali stress. Our study deepens the understanding of mechanisms response to saline-alkali stress and provides references for molecular design breeding of saline-alkali resistant rice.
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Toscano S, Romano D, Ferrante A. Molecular Responses of Vegetable, Ornamental Crops, and Model Plants to Salinity Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043190. [PMID: 36834600 PMCID: PMC9965374 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Vegetable and ornamental plants represent a very wide group of heterogeneous plants, both herbaceous and woody, generally without relevant salinity-tolerant mechanisms. The cultivation conditions-almost all are irrigated crops-and characteristics of the products, which must not present visual damage linked to salt stress, determine the necessity for a deep investigation of the response of these crops to salinity stress. Tolerance mechanisms are linked to the capacity of a plant to compartmentalize ions, produce compatible solutes, synthesize specific proteins and metabolites, and induce transcriptional factors. The present review critically evaluates advantages and disadvantages to study the molecular control of salt tolerance mechanisms in vegetable and ornamental plants, with the aim of distinguishing tools for the rapid and effective screening of salt tolerance levels in different plants. This information can not only help in suitable germplasm selection, which is very useful in consideration of the high biodiversity expressed by vegetable and ornamental plants, but also drive the further breeding activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Toscano
- Department of Science Veterinary, Università degli Studi di Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Daniela Romano
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Università degli Studi di Catania, 95131 Catania, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Antonio Ferrante
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences—Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
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Zhang K, Chang L, Li G, Li Y. Advances and future research in ecological stoichiometry under saline-alkali stress. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:5475-5486. [PMID: 36418830 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24293-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Saline-alkali stress is a serious abiotic factor which negatively impacts agricultural production and the ecological environment. Thus, improving the development of saline-alkali soil and reducing the effects of saline-alkali stress is a key issue for sustainable agricultural development and environmental protection. As such, it is unsurprising that researchers have lately focused on how to improve saline-alkali soil, increase the agricultural yield of saline-alkali land, and promote the adaptive growth of plants in saline-alkali soil. This paper reviews the latest research concerning nutrient content changes in saline-alkali soil, along with the associated changes in key nutrients in plants, to summarize which methods are most effective for improving the plant growth under saline-alkali stress. Finally, the prospects for alleviating saline-alkali stress and improving saline-alkali soil are put forward as a theoretical foundation for the stabilization of plant growth in saline-alkali soil, expansion of arable land area, crop yield improvement, and effective environmental protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyi Zhang
- College of Earth Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130061, China
| | - Lei Chang
- College of Earth Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130061, China
| | - Guanghui Li
- College of Earth Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130061, China
| | - Yuefen Li
- College of Earth Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130061, China.
- Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Evaluation in Northeast Asia, Ministry of Land and Resources, Changchun, 130061, China.
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32
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Zhu F, Sun Y, Jadhav SS, Cheng Y, Alseekh S, Fernie AR. The Plant Metabolic Changes and the Physiological and Signaling Functions in the Responses to Abiotic Stress. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2642:129-150. [PMID: 36944876 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3044-0_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Global climate change has altered, and will further alter, rainfall patterns and temperatures likely causing more frequent drought and heat waves, which will consequently exacerbate abiotic stresses of plants and significantly decrease the yield and quality of crops. On the one hand, the global demand for food is ever-increasing owing to the rapid increase of the human population. On the other hand, metabolic responses are one of the most important mechanisms by which plants adapt to and survive to abiotic stresses. Here we therefore summarize recent progresses including the plant primary and secondary metabolic responses to abiotic stresses and their function in plant resistance acting as antioxidants, osmoregulatory, and signaling factors, which enrich our knowledge concerning commonalities of plant metabolic responses to abiotic stresses, including their involvement in signaling processes. Finally, we discuss potential methods of metabolic fortification of crops in order to improve their abiotic stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhu
- National R&D Center for Citrus Preservation, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Yuming Sun
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Sagar Sudam Jadhav
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Yunjiang Cheng
- National R&D Center for Citrus Preservation, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Saleh Alseekh
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
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Comparative Analysis of Physiological, Hormonal and Transcriptomic Responses Reveal Mechanisms of Saline-Alkali Tolerance in Autotetraploid Rice ( Oryza sativa L.). Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232416146. [PMID: 36555786 PMCID: PMC9783840 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232416146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Saline-alkali soil has posed challenges to the growth of agricultural crops, while polyploidy often show greater adaptability in diverse and extreme environments including saline-alkali stress, but its defense mechanisms in rice remain elusive. Herein, we explored the mechanisms of enhanced saline-alkali tolerance of autotetraploid rice 93-11T relative to diploid rice 93-11D, based on physiological, hormonal and transcriptomic profilings. Physiologically, the enhanced saline-alkali tolerance in 93-11T was manifested in higher soluble sugar accumulation and stronger superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) activities in leaves during 24 h after saline-alkali shock. Furthermore, various hormone levels in leaves of 93-11T altered greatly, such as the negative correlation between salicylic acid (SA) and the other four hormones changed to positive correlation due to polyploidy. Global transcriptome profiling revealed that the upregulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in leaves and roots of 93-11T were more abundant than that in 93-11D, and there were more DEGs in roots than in leaves under saline-alkali stress. Genes related to phytohormone signal transduction of auxin (AUX) and SA in roots, lignin biosynthesis in leaves or roots, and wax biosynthesis in leaves were obviously upregulated in 93-11T compared with 93-11D under saline-alkali condition. Collectively, 93-11T subjected to saline-alkali stress possibly possesses higher osmotic regulation ability due to cuticular wax synthesis, stronger negative regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by increasing the SA levels and maintaining relative lower levels of IAA, and higher antioxidant capacity by increasing activities of SOD and POD, as well as lignin biosynthesis. Our research provides new insights for exploring the mechanisms of saline-alkali tolerance in polyploid rice and discovering new gene targets for rice genetic improvement.
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Cao Y, Song H, Zhang L. New Insight into Plant Saline-Alkali Tolerance Mechanisms and Application to Breeding. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232416048. [PMID: 36555693 PMCID: PMC9781758 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232416048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Saline-alkali stress is a widespread adversity that severely affects plant growth and productivity. Saline-alkaline soils are characterized by high salt content and high pH values, which simultaneously cause combined damage from osmotic stress, ionic toxicity, high pH and HCO3-/CO32- stress. In recent years, many determinants of salt tolerance have been identified and their regulatory mechanisms are fairly well understood. However, the mechanism by which plants respond to comprehensive saline-alkali stress remains largely unknown. This review summarizes recent advances in the physiological, biochemical and molecular mechanisms of plants tolerance to salinity or salt- alkali stress. Focused on the progress made in elucidating the regulation mechanisms adopted by plants in response to saline-alkali stress and present some new views on the understanding of plants in the face of comprehensive stress. Plants generally promote saline-alkali tolerance by maintaining pH and Na+ homeostasis, while the plants responding to HCO3-/CO32- stress are not exactly the same as high pH stress. We proposed that pH-tolerant or sensitive plants have evolved distinct mechanisms to adapt to saline-alkaline stress. Finally, we highlight the areas that require further research to reveal the new components of saline-alkali tolerance in plants and present the current and potential application of key determinants in breed improvement and molecular breeding.
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35
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Ji H, Yang G, Zhang X, Zhong Q, Qi Y, Wu K, Shen T. Regulation of salt tolerance in the roots of Zea mays by L-histidine through transcriptome analysis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1049954. [PMID: 36518514 PMCID: PMC9742451 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1049954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Soil salinization is an important worldwide environmental problem and the main reason to reduce agricultural productivity. Recent findings suggested that histidine is a crucial residue that influences the ROS reduction and improves the plants' tolerance to salt stress. Herein, we conducted experiments to understand the underlying regulatory effects of histidine on maize root system under salt stress (100 mM NaCl solution system). Several antioxidant enzymes were determined. The related expressed genes (DEGs) with its pathways were observed by Transcriptome technologies. The results of the present study confirmed that histidine can ameliorate the adverse effects of salt stress on maize root growth. When the maize roots exposed to 100 mM NaCl were treated with histidine, the accumulation of superoxide anion radicals, hydrogen peroxide, and malondialdehyde, and the content of nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen were significantly reduced; while the activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase, nitrate reductase, glutamine synthetase, and glutamate synthase were significantly increased. Transcriptome analysis revealed that a total of 454 (65 up-regulated and 389 down-regulated) and 348 (293 up-regulated and 55 down-regulated) DEGs were observed when the roots under salt stress were treated with histidine for 12 h and 24 h, respectively. The pathways analysis of those DEGs showed that a small number of down-regulated genes were enriched in phytohormone signaling and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis at 12 h after histidine treatment, and the DEGs involved in the phytohormone signaling, glycolysis, and nitrogen metabolism were significantly enriched at 24 h after treatment. These results of gene expression and enzyme activities suggested that histidine can improve the salt tolerance of maize roots by enriching some DEGs involved in plant hormone signal transduction, glycolysis, and nitrogen metabolism pathways.
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36
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Vujanovic S, Vujanovic J, Vujanovic V. Microbiome-Driven Proline Biogenesis in Plants under Stress: Perspectives for Balanced Diet to Minimize Depression Disorders in Humans. Microorganisms 2022; 10:2264. [PMID: 36422335 PMCID: PMC9693749 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10112264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 09/10/2024] Open
Abstract
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), depression is a leading cause of disability worldwide and a major contributor to the overall global burden of mental disorders. An increasing number of studies have revealed that among 20 different amino acids, high proline consumption is a dietary factor with the strongest impact on depression in humans and animals, including insects. Recent studies acknowledged that gut microbiota play a key role in proline-related pathophysiology of depression. In addition, the multi-omics approach has alleged that a high level of metabolite proline is directly linked to depression severity, while variations in levels of circulating proline are dependent on microbiome composition. The gut-brain axis proline analysis is a gut microbiome model of studying depression, highlighting the critical importance of diet, but nothing is known about the role of the plant microbiome-food axis in determining proline concentration in the diet and thus about preventing excessive proline intake through food consumption. In this paper, we discuss the protocooperative potential of a holistic study approach combining the microbiota-gut-brain axis with the microbiota-plant-food-diet axis, as both are involved in proline biogenesis and metabolism and thus on in its effect on mood and cognitive function. In preharvest agriculture, the main scientific focus must be directed towards plant symbiotic endophytes, as scavengers of abiotic stresses in plants and modulators of high proline concentration in crops/legumes/vegetables under climate change. It is also implied that postharvest agriculture-including industrial food processing-may be critical in designing a proline-balanced diet, especially if corroborated with microbiome-based preharvest agriculture, within a circular agrifood system. The microbiome is suggested as a target for selecting beneficial plant endophytes in aiming for a balanced dietary proline content, as it is involved in the physiology and energy metabolism of eukaryotic plant/human/animal/insect hosts, i.e., in core aspects of this amino acid network, while opening new venues for an efficient treatment of depression that can be adapted to vast groups of consumers and patients. In that regard, the use of artificial intelligence (AI) and molecular biomarkers combined with rapid and non-destructive imaging technologies were also discussed in the scope of enhancing integrative science outcomes, agricultural efficiencies, and diagnostic medical precisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silva Vujanovic
- Hospital Pharmacy, CISSS des Laurentides, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC J8H 4C7, Canada
| | - Josko Vujanovic
- Medical Imaging, CISSS des Laurentides, Lachute, QC J8H 4C7, Canada
| | - Vladimir Vujanovic
- Food and Bioproduct Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada
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Lu X, Ma L, Zhang C, Yan H, Bao J, Gong M, Wang W, Li S, Ma S, Chen B. Grapevine (Vitis vinifera) responses to salt stress and alkali stress: transcriptional and metabolic profiling. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:528. [PMID: 36376811 PMCID: PMC9661776 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03907-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soil salinization and alkalization are widespread environmental problems that limit grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) growth and yield. However, little is known about the response of grapevine to alkali stress. This study investigated the differences in physiological characteristics, chloroplast structure, transcriptome, and metabolome in grapevine plants under salt stress and alkali stress. RESULTS We found that grapevine plants under salt stress and alkali stress showed leaf chlorosis, a decline in photosynthetic capacity, a decrease in chlorophyll content and Rubisco activity, an imbalance of Na+ and K+, and damaged chloroplast ultrastructure. Fv/Fm decreased under salt stress and alkali stress. NPQ increased under salt stress whereas decreased under alkali stress. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment showed the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) induced by salt stress and alkali stress were involved in different biological processes and have varied molecular functions. The expression of stress genes involved in the ABA and MAPK signaling pathways was markedly altered by salt stress and alkali stress. The genes encoding ion transporter (AKT1, HKT1, NHX1, NHX2, TPC1A, TPC1B) were up-regulated under salt stress and alkali stress. Down-regulation in the expression of numerous genes in the 'Porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism', 'Photosynthesis-antenna proteins', and 'Photosynthesis' pathways were observed under alkali stress. Many genes in the 'Carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms' pathway in salt stress and alkali stress were down-regulated. Metabolome showed that 431 and 378 differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) were identified in salt stress and alkali stress, respectively. L-Glutamic acid and 5-Aminolevulinate involved in chlorophyll synthesis decreased under salt stress and alkali stress. The abundance of 19 DAMs under salt stress related to photosynthesis decreased. The abundance of 16 organic acids in salt stress and 22 in alkali stress increased respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggested that alkali stress had more adverse effects on grapevine leaves, chloroplast structure, ion balance, and photosynthesis than salt stress. Transcriptional and metabolic profiling showed that there were significant differences in the effects of salt stress and alkali stress on the expression of key genes and the abundance of pivotal metabolites in grapevine plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Lu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 China
| | - Lei Ma
- Agronomy College, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 China
| | - CongCong Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 China
| | - HaoKai Yan
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 China
| | - JinYu Bao
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 China
| | - MeiShuang Gong
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 China
| | - WenHui Wang
- Basic Experimental Teaching Center, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 China
| | - Sheng Li
- College of HorticultureCollege of Life Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 China
| | - ShaoYing Ma
- Basic Experimental Teaching Center, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 China
| | - BaiHong Chen
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 China
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Chen C, Xu L, Zhang X, Wang H, Nisa ZU, Jin X, Yu L, Jing L, Chen C. Exogenous strigolactones enhance tolerance in soybean seedlings in response to alkaline stress. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2022; 174:e13784. [PMID: 36151903 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The plant hormone strigolactones (SLs) play crucial roles in regulating plant development and adaptations to abiotic stresses. Even though the functional roles of SLs have been identified in response to abiotic stresses, the function, and mechanism of SLs are not fully established under alkaline stress. In this study, we identified that exogenous SL could improve alkaline tolerance of soybean seedlings, especially when treated with 0.5 μM SL. The application of SL remarkably reduced the malondialdehyde content, hydrogen peroxide content, and increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes under alkaline stress, suggesting that SL improved the alkaline tolerance by regulating the antioxidant defense capacity. The RNA sequencing data showed 530 special differentially expressed genes under SL treatment and alkaline stress, mainly were associated with antioxidant processes and phenylpropanoid biosynthetic pathway. Some transcription factors were also induced by SL under alkaline stress as confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Furthermore, SL largely increased the Na content in leaves and decreased Na content in roots under alkaline stress, which suggested that SL might promote the transport of Na from the roots to the leaves of the soybean seedlings. Meanwhile, exogenous SL decreased the content of other elements such as K, Mg, Fe, and Cu in leaves or roots under alkaline stress. Collectively, our results suggested a role of SL in regulating antioxidant defense capacity, specific gene expression, and alterations in ionic contents to alleviate harmful effects of alkaline stress in soybean seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - LianKun Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Haihang Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Zaib-Un Nisa
- General Botany Lab, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Xiaoxia Jin
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijie Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Legang Jing
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
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Niu J, Chen Z, Guo Z, Xu N, Sui X, Roy M, Kareem HA, Hassan MU, Cui J, Wang Q. Exogenous melatonin promotes the growth of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) under NaCl stress through multiple pathways. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 242:113938. [PMID: 35926408 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Salinity is one of the most common factors affecting alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), and NaCl is one of the main factors of salinity stress which can cause heavy losses in agricultural production in the world. The application of exogenous melatonin (MT) plays a major role in numerous plants against various stress environments. The effects of exogenous MT on the NaCl tolerance of alfalfa treated with the control, 100 µmol L-1 MT, 150 mmol L-1 NaCl, or 150 mmol L-1 NaCl+ 100 µmol L-1 MT were investigated. The results showed that MT increased growth parameters, inhibited chlorophyll degradation and promoted photosynthetic gas exchange parameters (photosynthetic rate, conductance to H2O, and transpiration rate) and stomatal opening under NaCl stress. Osmotic regulation substances such as soluble sugar, proline and glycine betaine were the highest in the NaCl treatment and the second in the NaCl+MT treatment. Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium were reduced and sodium was increased by NaCl, whereas these levels were reversed by the NaCl+MT treatment. MT inhibited cell membrane imperfection, lipid peroxidation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation caused by NaCl stress. MT up-regulated the gene expression and activity of antioxidant enzymes and increased the content of antioxidant non-enzyme substances to scavenge excessive ROS in NaCl-treated plants. In addition, all indicators interacted with each other to a certain extent and could be grouped according to the relative values. All variables were divided into PC 1 (89.2 %) and PC 2 (4 %). They were clustered into two categories with opposite effects, and most of them were significant variables. Hence, these findings reveal that exogenous MT alleviates the inhibitory effects of NaCl stress on photosynthesis, stomata opening, osmotic adjustment, ion balance and redox homeostasis, enhancing tolerance and growth of alfalfa. Furthermore, it suggests that MT could be implemented to improve the NaCl tolerance of alfalfa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junpeng Niu
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Zhao Chen
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Zhipeng Guo
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Nan Xu
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Xin Sui
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Momi Roy
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Hafiz Abdul Kareem
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Mahmood Ul Hassan
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Jian Cui
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Quanzhen Wang
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
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García-Caparrós P, Vogelsang L, Persicke M, Wirtz M, Kumar V, Dietz KJ. Differential sensitivity of metabolic pathways in sugar beet roots to combined salt, heat, and light stress. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2022; 174:e13786. [PMID: 36169530 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Plants in nature commonly encounter combined stress scenarios. The response to combined stressors is often unpredictable from the response to single stresses. To address stress interference in roots, we applied salinity, heat, and high light to hydroponically grown sugar beet. Two main patterns of metabolomic acclimation were apparent. High salt of 300 mM NaCl considerably lowered metabolite amounts, for example, those of most amino acids, γ-amino butyric acid (GABA), and glucose. Very few metabolites revealed the opposite trend with increased contents at high salts, mostly organic acids such as citric acid and isocitric acid, but also tryptophan, tyrosine, and the compatible solute proline. High temperature (31°C vs. 21°C) also frequently lowered root metabolite pools. The individual effects of salinity and heat were superimposed under combined stress. Under high light and high salt conditions, there was a significant decline in root chloride, mannitol, ribulose 5-P, cysteine, and l-aspartate contents. The results reveal the complex interaction pattern of environmental parameters and urge researchers to elaborate in much more detail and width on combinatorial stress effects to bridge work under controlled growth conditions to growth in nature, and also to better understand acclimation to the consequences of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro García-Caparrós
- Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Lara Vogelsang
- Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | | | - Markus Wirtz
- Heidelberg University, Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Karl-Josef Dietz
- Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
- CeBiTec, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
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Dehghan-Harati Z, Mahdavi B, Hashemi SE. Ion contents, physiological characteristics and growth of Carum copticum as influenced by salinity and alkalinity stresses. Biol Futur 2022; 73:301-308. [PMID: 36197601 DOI: 10.1007/s42977-022-00129-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A controlled experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of salinity and alkalinity stresses on the growth and physiological characteristics of Carum copticum L. The treatments included four salinity levels: 0, 50, 100 and 150 mM NaCl, and four alkalinity levels 0, 20, 40 and 60 mM NaHCO3. The results indicated that root dry weight and magnesium concentration were decreased and catalase and peroxidase activity, proline, malondialdehyde, Na+ and Ca2+ concentration were increased in plants simultaneously subjected to both salinity and alkalinity stresses. In all traits, the highest salinity and alkalinity levels had the most negative and significant effects. In general, our findings revealed that alkalinity and salinity stresses considerably decreased ajwain growth through adverse impact on physiological characteristics such as ion concentration and activity of antioxidant enzymes. These effects were greater when the two salinity and alkalinity stresses were simultaneously applied. Ajwain plant tolerated a part of the stresses via osmotic adjustment mechanism was assessed by proline, malondialdehyde and total carbohydrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Dehghan-Harati
- Department of Genetics and Plant Production, Agriculture College, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanajn, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Batool Mahdavi
- Department of Genetics and Plant Production, Agriculture College, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanajn, Rafsanjan, Iran.
| | - Seyedeh-Elahe Hashemi
- Department of Genetics and Plant Production, Agriculture College, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanajn, Rafsanjan, Iran
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Identification of Alkaline Salt Tolerance Genes in Brassica napus L. by Transcriptome Analysis. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13081493. [PMID: 36011404 PMCID: PMC9408751 DOI: 10.3390/genes13081493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil salt alkalization is one major abiotic factor reducing the productivity of crops, including rapeseed, an indispensable oil crop and vegetable. The mechanism studies of alkali salt tolerance can help breed highly resistant varieties. In the current study, rapeseed (B. napus) line 2205 exhibited more tolerance to alkaline salt than line 1423 did. In line 2205, the lesser plasma membrane damage index, the accumulated osmotic solute, and higher antioxidant enzyme activities contributed to alkaline tolerance. A more integrated mesophyll-cell structure was revealed under alkali salt stress by ultrastructure observation in line 2205, which also implied a lesser injury. Transcriptome analysis showed that more genes responded to alkaline salt in line 2205. The expression of specific-response genes in line 1423 was lower than in line 2205. However, most of the specific-response genes in line 2205 had higher expression, which was mainly enriched in carbohydrate metabolism, photosynthetic processes, ROS regulating, and response to salt stress. It can be seen that the tolerance to alkaline salt is attributed to the high expression of some genes in these pathways. Based on these, twelve cross-differentially expressed genes were proposed as candidates. They provide clues for further analysis of the resistance mechanism of rapeseed.
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Wang N, Lin Y, Qi F, Xiaoyang C, Peng Z, Yu Y, Liu Y, Zhang J, Qi X, Deyholos M, Zhang J. Comprehensive Analysis of Differentially Expressed Genes and Epigenetic Modification-Related Expression Variation Induced by Saline Stress at Seedling Stage in Fiber and Oil Flax, Linum usitatissimum L. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2053. [PMID: 35956530 PMCID: PMC9370232 DOI: 10.3390/plants11152053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The ability of different germplasm to adapt to a saline-alkali environment is critical to learning about the tolerance mechanism of saline-alkali stress in plants. Flax is an important oil and fiber crop in many countries. However, its molecular tolerance mechanism under saline stress is still not clear. In this study, we studied morphological, physiological characteristics, and gene expression variation in the root and leaf in oil and fiber flax types under saline stress, respectively. Abundant differentially expressed genes (DEGs) induced by saline stress, tissue/organ specificity, and different genotypes involved in plant hormones synthesis and metabolism and transcription factors and epigenetic modifications were detected. The present report provides useful information about the mechanism of flax response to saline stress and could lead to the future elucidation of the specific functions of these genes and help to breed suitable flax varieties for saline/alkaline soil conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningning Wang
- Faculty of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 131018, China
| | - Yujie Lin
- Faculty of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 131018, China
| | - Fan Qi
- Faculty of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 131018, China
| | - Chunxiao Xiaoyang
- Faculty of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 131018, China
| | - Zhanwu Peng
- Information Center, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Ying Yu
- School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yingnan Liu
- Institute of Natural Resource and Ecology, Heilongjiang Academy of Science, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Faculty of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 131018, China
| | - Xin Qi
- Faculty of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 131018, China
| | - Michael Deyholos
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Jian Zhang
- Faculty of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 131018, China
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
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Ran X, Huang X, Wang X, Liang H, Wang Y, Li J, Huo Z, Liu B, Ma C. Ion absorption, distribution and salt tolerance threshold of three willow species under salt stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:969896. [PMID: 35982705 PMCID: PMC9379094 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.969896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the response mechanism and salt tolerance threshold of three willow seedlings (Salix matsudana, Salix gordejevii, Salix linearistipularis), the absorption, transport and distribution of salt ions (Na+, K+, Ca2+) were studied under hydroponic conditions with different salt concentrations (CK, 171, 342, 513, and 684 mm) and treatment times (1, 3, 5, 8, 11, and 15 days). Salix linearistipularis has the weakest ability to maintain its apparent shape, while Salix matsudana has the strongest ability. The three plants have a certain Na+ interception ability, and the interception abilities of Salix matsudana and Salix gordejevii are higher than that of Salix linearistipularis. The leaf S AK,Na of Salix linearistipularis were higher than those of Salix matsudana and Salix gordejevii. The leaf selection ability was the highest, and the selection ability of the root system was the lowest in Salix linearistipularis. The long-term low salt concentration and the short-term high salt concentration can increase the root and leaf salinity. Salix matsudana grows more stably in a long-term high-salt stress environment, and Salix gordejevii grows stably in a short-term high-salt stress environment. However, Salix linearistipularis is more suitable for planting as an indicative plant because of its sensitivity to salt stress. The root Na+ content of Salix matsudana and Salix gordejevii was 34.21 mg/g, which was the maximum root retention capacity. Once the accumulation of Na+ content in roots exceeds this value, the rejection capacity of roots is broken through, and the selective ion absorption capacity will rapidly become weak, which easily leads to the death of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Ran
- Department of Forest Cultivation, College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Xiaoxi Huang
- Department of Forest Cultivation, College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Forest Cultivation, College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Haiyong Liang
- Department of Forest Cultivation, College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Yanchao Wang
- College of Bioscience and Engineering, Xingtai University, Xingtai, China
| | - Jiajing Li
- Department of Forest Cultivation, College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Zihan Huo
- Department of Forest Cultivation, College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Bingxiang Liu
- Department of Forest Cultivation, College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- Hebei Urban Forest Health Technology Innovation Center, Baoding, China
| | - Changming Ma
- Department of Forest Cultivation, College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
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Shi W, Yang J, Kumar R, Zhang X, Impa SM, Xiao G, Jagadish SVK. Heat Stress During Gametogenesis Irreversibly Damages Female Reproductive Organ in Rice. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 15:32. [PMID: 35763153 PMCID: PMC9240181 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-022-00578-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Heat stress during gametogenesis leads to spikelet sterility. To ascertain the role of female reproductive organ (pistil), two rice genotypes N22 and IR64 with contrasting heat stress responses were exposed to control (30 °C) and heat stress (38 °C and 40 °C) during megasporogenesis. Anatomical observations of ovule revealed greater disappearance of megaspore mother cell and nuclei at early stages, and during later stages mature embryo sac without female germ unit, improper positioning of nuclei, and shrunken embryo sac was observed in the sensitive IR64. Under heat stress, a decrease in sugar and starch, increase in H2O2 and malondialdehyde with lower antioxidant enzyme activities were recorded in pistils of both N22 and IR64. Lower accumulation of TCA cycle metabolites and amino acids were noticed in IR64 pistils under heat stress at gametogenesis, whereas N22 exhibited favorable metabolite profiles. At heading, however, N22 pistils had higher carbohydrate accumulation and better ROS homeostasis, suggesting higher recovery after heat stress exposure. In summary, the results indicate that heat stress during megasporogenesis leads to irreversible anatomical and physiological changes in pistil and alters metabolic signatures leading to increased spikelet sterility in rice. Mechanisms identified for enhanced heat tolerance in pistil can help in developing rice varieties that are better adapted to future hotter climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanju Shi
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 Hunan China
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Changsha, 410125 China
| | - Juan Yang
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 Hunan China
| | - Ritesh Kumar
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA
| | - Xinzheng Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 Hunan China
| | - Somayanda M. Impa
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409-2122 USA
| | - Gui Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Changsha, 410125 China
| | - S. V. Krishna Jagadish
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA
- International Rice Research Institute, DAPO Box 7777, Metro Manila, Philippines
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409-2122 USA
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Zhang Y, Lang D, Zhang W, Zhang X. Bacillus cereus Enhanced Medicinal Ingredient Biosynthesis in Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. Under Different Conditions Based on the Transcriptome and Polymerase Chain Reaction Analysis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:858000. [PMID: 35720602 PMCID: PMC9201524 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.858000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Bacillus cereus (B. cereus) on the seedling growth and accumulation of medicinal ingredients of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. (G. uralensis) under control and salt stress conditions. Our results revealed the different effects of B. cereus on the seedling growth and accumulation of medicinal ingredients particularly in different conditions based on the transcriptome and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis. Under the control condition, B. cereus significantly increased the expression level of the β-AS, SQS, CHS, LUS, UGAT, CYP72A154, and CYP88D6 genes and liquiritigenin content. Under salt stress, B. cereus significantly increased root length and lateral root number of G. uralensis seedlings, the expression level of HMGR, β-AS, CHS, LUS, UGAT, CYP72A154, CYP88D6, and SE genes, and the contents of glycyrrhizic acid and glycyrrhetinic acid. Notably, the effect of B. cereus on the seedling growth and the medicinal ingredient biosynthesis was different under control and salt stress conditions. Specifically, the effect of B. cereus on the seedling growth under salt stress was greater than that under the control condition. Moreover, B. cereus increased liquiritigenin content under the control condition, which is closely related to flavone and flavonol biosynthesis, while it increased the contents of glycyrrhizic acid and glycyrrhetinic acid under salt stress, which is closely related to phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and the MVA pathway is also involved. All in all, endophytes B. cereus could be used as a sustainable tool to develop effective bioinoculants to enhance the contents of medicinal ingredients in G. uralensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- Shaanxi Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Xi’an, China
| | - Duoyong Lang
- Laboratory Animal Center, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Wenjin Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xinhui Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- Ningxia Engineering and Technology Research Center of Regional Characterizistic Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ningxia Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Characterizistic Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Ningxia Minority Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Yinchuan, China
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Sagervanshi A, Geilfus CM, Kaiser H, Mühling KH. Alkali salt stress causes fast leaf apoplastic alkalinization together with shifts in ion and metabolite composition and transcription of key genes during the early adaptive response of Vicia faba L. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 319:111253. [PMID: 35487662 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms by which plants respond to alkali salt stress are still obscure, and the relevance of alkaline pH under combined alkali salt stress. Early stress responses can indicate mechanisms leading to damage and plant resistance. The apoplast contains essential determinants for plant growth, specifically early apoplastic pH fluctuations are induced by many stressors and hypothesized to be involved in stress signalling. Hence, this study aims to identify fast responses specific to alkaline pH and alkali salt stress by exposing the root of hydroponically grown Vicia faba L. plants to 150 min of either 50 mM NaHCO3 (pH 9) treatment or alkaline pH 9 alone. Apoplastic pH was monitored in real-time by ratiometric fluorescence microscopy simultaneously with SWIR transmission-based measurements of leaf water content (LWC). Moreover, we examined the effect of these stresses on apoplastic, symplastic and xylem ion and metabolite composition together with transcriptions of certain stress-responsive genes. Physiological and transcriptional changes were observed in response to NaHCO3 but not to alkaline pH alone. NaHCO3 elicited a transient reduction in LWC, followed by a transient alkalinization of the apoplast and stomatal closure. Simultaneously, organic acids and sugars accumulated. Fast upregulation of stress-responsive genes showed the significance of gene regulation for early plant adaptation to alkali salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Sagervanshi
- Institute of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Christoph-Martin Geilfus
- Institute of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany; Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Hochschule Geisenheim University, Germany
| | - Hartmut Kaiser
- Institute of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Karl H Mühling
- Institute of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany.
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48
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Acidic and Alkaline Conditions Affect the Growth of Tree Peony Plants via Altering Photosynthetic Characteristics, Limiting Nutrient Assimilation, and Impairing ROS Balance. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095094. [PMID: 35563483 PMCID: PMC9099645 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to acidic and alkaline conditions were found to cause the excess accumulation of reactive oxygen species in tree peony, thereby causing damage and inhibiting plant growth and development. The activities of antioxidant enzymes were also found to be significantly up-regulated, especially under alkaline conditions; this explained why tree peony is better adapted to alkaline than to acidic conditions. Through pairwise comparisons, 144 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with plant growth, photosynthesis, and stress were identified. The DEGs related to stress were up-regulated, whereas the remaining DEGs were almost all down-regulated after acid and alkaline treatments. The nutrient assimilation was greatly inhibited. Chlorophyll synthesis genes were suppressed, and chlorophyll content was reduced. The development and structures of stomata and chloroplasts and the transcription of related genes were also influenced. Among photosynthesis-related DEGs, electron transport chains were the most sensitive. The suppressed expression of photosynthesis genes and the reduced light-harvesting capacity, together with the impairment of chloroplasts and stomata, finally led to a sharp decrease in the net photosynthetic rate. Carbohydrate accumulation and plant biomass were also reduced. The present study provides a theoretical basis for the response mechanisms of tree peony to adverse pH conditions and enriches knowledge of plant adaptation to alkaline conditions.
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Kumari J, Haque MI, Jha RK, Rathore MS. The red seaweed Kappaphycus alvarezii antiporter gene (KaNa +/H +) confers abiotic stress tolerance in transgenic tobacco. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:3729-3743. [PMID: 35141817 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07213-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant establishment, growth, development and productivity are adversely affected by abiotic stresses that are dominant characteristics of environmentally challenged/degraded habitats created in the Anthropocene. Crop breeding for climate resilience properties is need of the hour to sustain the crop productivity. We report on the characterization of Kappaphycus alvarezii (a red seaweed) Na+/H+ antiporter gene (KaNa+/H+) for enhanced salt and osmotic stress tolerance. METHODS The KaNa+/H+ antiporter gene was cloned and over-expressed in tobacco under the control of CaMV35S promoter. Transgenic analysis was carried out to assess the stress tolerance ability of tobacco over-expressing KaNa+/H+ antiporter gene. RESULTS Over-expression of KaNa+/H+ gene improved the seed germination and seed vigor index under stress. Transgenic plants grew better and exhibited delayed leaf senescence. Improved K+/Na+, carotenoid/total chlorophyll and relative water content; lower accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), MDA and Na+; lower electrolyte leakage; better membrane stability index and accumulation of K+, photosynthetic pigment, starch, sugar, free amino acid, proline and polyphenol contents indicated better physiological health of the transgenic tobacco under stress. Transgenic tobacco exhibited higher photosynthesis, photosystem II efficiency, electron transfer rate, photochemical quenching and activity of water splitting complex. Compared with control tobacco, transgenic tobacco exhibited higher expression of stress-defence genes under stress and better recovery after long-term osmotic stress. CONCLUSIONS Lower Na+ cytotoxicity, lower accumulation of ROS and maintenance of the membrane integrity helped transgenic tobacco to maintain the physiological functioning under stress. Present results established K. alvarezii as a potential gene resource and the KaNa+/H+ antiporter gene as a potential candidate gene in molecular breeding of crops for development of the degraded land.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Kumari
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
- Applied Phycology and Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), G.B. Marg, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, 364002, India
| | - Md Intesaful Haque
- Applied Phycology and Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), G.B. Marg, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, 364002, India
| | - Rajesh K Jha
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
- Applied Phycology and Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), G.B. Marg, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, 364002, India
| | - Mangal S Rathore
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
- Applied Phycology and Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), G.B. Marg, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, 364002, India.
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50
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Dong S, Pang W, Liu Z, Li H, Zhang K, Cong L, Yang G, Wang ZY, Xie H. Transcriptome Analysis of Leaf Senescence Regulation Under Alkaline Stress in Medicago truncatula. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:881456. [PMID: 35574123 PMCID: PMC9096890 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.881456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In plants, the leaf is an essential photosynthetic organ, and is the primary harvest in forage crops such as alfalfa (Medicago sativa). Premature leaf senescence caused by environmental stress can result in significant yield loss and quality reduction. Therefore, the stay-green trait is important for improving the economic value of forage crops. Alkaline stress can severely damage leaf cells and, consequently, cause leaf senescence. To understand the molecular regulatory mechanisms and identify vital senescence-associated genes under alkaline stress, we used high-throughput sequencing to study transcriptional changes in Medicago truncatula, a model plant for forage crops. We identified 2,165 differentially expressed genes, 985 of which were identical to those in the dark-induced leaf senescence group. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses showed that the 985 genes were mainly enriched in nutrient cycling processes such as cellular amino acid metabolic processes and organic substance catabolic processes, indicating nutrient redistribution. The other 1,180 differentially expressed genes were significantly enriched in the oxidoreductase complex, aerobic respiration, and ion transport. Our analysis showed the two gene sets guiding the coupled physiological and biochemical alterations play different roles under alkaline stress with a coordinated and integrated way. Many transcription factor families were identified from these differentially expressed genes, including MYB, WRKY, bHLH, and NAC which have particular preference involved in stress resistance and regulation of senescence. Our results contribute to the exploration of the molecular regulatory mechanisms of leaf senescence in M. truncatula under alkaline stress and provide new candidate genes for future breeding to improve the biomass and quality of forage crops.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hongli Xie
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Grassland Resources and Ecology in the Yellow River Delta, College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
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