1
|
Yatera K, Nishida C. Contemporary Concise Review 2023: Environmental and occupational lung diseases. Respirology 2024; 29:574-587. [PMID: 38826078 DOI: 10.1111/resp.14761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Air pollutants have various effects on human health in environmental and occupational settings. Air pollutants can be a risk factor for incidence, exacerbation/aggravation and death due to various lung diseases, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), hypersensitivity pneumonitis or pneumonia (HP), pulmonary fibrosis such as pneumoconiosis and malignant respiratory diseases such as lung cancer and malignant pleural mesothelioma. Environmental and occupational respiratory diseases are crucial clinical and social issues worldwide, although the burden of respiratory disease due to environmental and occupational causes varies depending on country/region, demographic variables, geographical location, industrial structure and socioeconomic situation. The correct recognition of environmental and occupational lung diseases and taking appropriate measures are essential to their effective prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Yatera
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Chinatsu Nishida
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wu J, Benjamin EJ, Ross JC, Fetterman JL, Hong T. Health Messaging Strategies for Vaping Prevention and Cessation Among Youth and Young Adults: A Systematic Review. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2024:1-19. [PMID: 38742648 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2024.2352284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
This systematic review evaluates health messaging strategies for the prevention and cessation of e-cigarette use among youth and young adults. Health messaging strategies were defined as the strategic process of developing messages with the intent to shape, reinforce, or change recipients' health attitudes and behaviors. McGuire's Communication/Persuasion Model guided the analysis of the messaging strategies, focusing on the model's five communication inputs (i.e. source, message, channel, audience, destination) and 14 persuasive outcomes. Nine databases were searched from January 2007 to September 2023. The inclusion criteria encompassed studies in English that presented quantitative data on messaging strategies aimed at discouraging vaping among youth and young adults. Each study was also coded for study characteristics and the utilization of theory. Out of 6,045 studies, 25 met the inclusion criteria. The reviewed studies exhibit a diverse array of research methods and a consistent integration of theories. The review emphasizes the nuanced main and interaction effects of various communication inputs, such as message features and audience characteristics, while also pointing out a research gap in message sources. In addition, the utilization of social media for effective messaging to engage the audience requires further research. Only one study specifically evaluated messaging strategies for vaping cessation. More research is imperative to develop targeted and tailored messages that effectively prevent and reduce vaping, especially among populations at higher risk of vaping-related harms, while also leveraging effective channels and innovative communication technologies to engage the audience.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxi Wu
- Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Emelia J Benjamin
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health
| | | | - Jessica L Fetterman
- Evans Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine
| | - Traci Hong
- College of Communication, Boston University
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kishimoto A, Wu D, O'Shea DF. Forecasting vaping health risks through neural network model prediction of flavour pyrolysis reactions. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9591. [PMID: 38719814 PMCID: PMC11079048 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59619-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Vaping involves the heating of chemical solutions (e-liquids) to high temperatures prior to lung inhalation. A risk exists that these chemicals undergo thermal decomposition to new chemical entities, the composition and health implications of which are largely unknown. To address this concern, a graph-convolutional neural network (NN) model was used to predict pyrolysis reactivity of 180 e-liquid chemical flavours. The output of this supervised machine learning approach was a dataset of probability ranked pyrolysis transformations and their associated 7307 products. To refine this dataset, the molecular weight of each NN predicted product was automatically correlated with experimental mass spectrometry (MS) fragmentation data for each flavour chemical. This blending of deep learning methods with experimental MS data identified 1169 molecular weight matches that prioritized these compounds for further analysis. The average number of discrete matches per flavour between NN predictions and MS fragmentation was 6.4 with 92.8% of flavours having at least one match. Globally harmonized system classifications for NN/MS matches were extracted from PubChem, revealing that 127 acute toxic, 153 health hazard and 225 irritant classifications were predicted. This approach may reveal the longer-term health risks of vaping in advance of clinical diseases emerging in the general population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Dan Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Donal F O'Shea
- Department of Chemistry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), Dublin 2, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ghanim M, Rabayaa M, Abuawad M, Saeedi M, Amer J. E-cigarette use among university students in Palestine: Prevalence, knowledge, and determinant factors. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0302946. [PMID: 38718008 PMCID: PMC11078419 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0302946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent reports indicated accelerated rates of e-cigarette use, especially among youth in various Middle Eastern countries, including Palestine. Nevertheless, little is known about knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions regarding this topic in Palestine. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of e-cigarette use among Palestinian university students, along with their knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions about e-cigarette use. METHODS An observational cross-sectional study, utilizing an online self-administered questionnaire, was conducted on Palestinian students from five universities between 17/04/2023 and 04/11/2023. RESULTS A total of 1002 Palestinian university students completed the questionnaire. The prevalence of e-cigarette use among students was 18.1%. The mean knowledge score about e-cigarettes was significantly lower among the users of e-cigarettes compared to non-users. E-cigarette use was significantly associated with the participants' smoking status. Among e-cigarette users, 43.6% were also current traditional cigarette users, and 66.9% were current waterpipe users. E-cigarette use was significantly associated with having a friend who is a smoker and/ or a smoking mother. Binary logistic regression revealed a significant positive effect between the participant's smoking status, the mother's smoking status, knowledge about e-cigarettes, and the use of e-cigarettes (p-value < 0.05). Among e-cigarette users, 18.8% used them in indoor places at the university, and 25% reported using them daily in the past month. Affordability of e-cigarettes was the most reported reason for their use (47.5%). CONCLUSION This study concluded that e-cigarette use is prevalent and rapidly rising among university students in Palestine. This is worrisome as it is significantly associated with insufficient knowledge about the adverse health effects of E-cigarette use, and its addictive nature. These findings focus on the importance of improving the students' knowledge about e-cigarette use by implementing educational campaigns and considering age regulations on e-cigarette availability and use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Ghanim
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Maha Rabayaa
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Mohammad Abuawad
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Munther Saeedi
- Language Centre, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Johnny Amer
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Allied and Applied Medical Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wysota CN, Duan Z, Wang Y, Niaura RS, Abroms LC. Noticing Voluntary E-Cigarette Warning Labels and Associations With Harm Perceptions and Use Intentions: A Baseline Cross-Sectional Analysis of Wave 4 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study Prior to the Food and Drug Administration Mandate. Am J Health Promot 2024:8901171241249144. [PMID: 38709540 DOI: 10.1177/08901171241249144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the effect of e-cigarette warning labels (EWLs) prior to the August 2018 FDA-warning label mandate to establish a baseline for future research. DESIGN Cross-sectional survey. SETTING United States. PARTICIPANTS A cohort of adult participants in the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) study (n = 30,004) at Wave 4 (Dec 2016-Jan 2018). MEASURES Correlates (e.g., sociodemographics, substance use, social influence, cigarette warnings, and mental health) of noticing EWLs in the past 30-days (noticed vs did not notice), perceived harm of e-cigarettes/nicotine (from 1 = not at all harmful to 5 = extremely harmful), relative harm of e-cigarettes (from 1 = less harmful to 3 = more harmful than cigarettes), intention to quit (yes/no) and intention to try e-cigarettes (from 1 = definitely not to 4 = definitely yes). RESULTS The prevalence of noticing EWLs was 22.1%. Those who currently use electronic nicotine products, established and experimentally, were more likely to notice EWLs relative to never users (aOR = 3.55; 95% CI: 2.96-4.25; P < .001 and aOR = 2.42; 95% CI: 1.88-3.10; P < .001, respectively). Those with past 30-day alcohol and cigarette use were less likely to notice EWLs (aOR = .27; 95% CI: .24-.31 and aOR = .91; 95% CI: .83-.99; respectively). Those who noticed cigarette warnings were more likely to notice EWLs (aOR = 12.00; 95% CI: 10.46-13.77; P < .001). Among those who noticed EWLs, there were higher odds of perceiving e-cigarettes to be equally or more harmful than cigarettes (aOR = 1.15; 95% CI: 1.02-1.30), but no association was found between noticing EWLs and perceived harm of e-cigarettes/nicotine or use intentions. CONCLUSION Noticing voluntary EWLs was not associated with increased perceived harm of e-cigarettes and nicotine harm, or e-cigarette use intentions. Future research is warranted to examine the effect of the FDA mandated EWLs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christina N Wysota
- Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Zongshuan Duan
- School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yan Wang
- Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Raymond S Niaura
- School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lorien C Abroms
- Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Li W, Kalan ME, Kondracki AJ, Gautam P, Jebai R, Osibogun O. Longitudinal impact of perceived harm and addiction on e-cigarette initiation among tobacco-naïve youth: Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health study (Waves 1-5). Public Health 2024; 230:52-58. [PMID: 38507916 PMCID: PMC11025441 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2024.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study investigates the effect of e-cigarette-related harm and addiction perceptions on e-cigarette initiation among US tobacco-naïve adolescents. STUDY DESIGN This is a longitudinal study. METHODS Using data from five waves (2013-2019) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study, we created a longitudinal data set for 2775 youth aged 12-17 years who had no prior use of tobacco products at Wave 1. E-cigarette initiation was defined as transitioning from non-use at Wave 1 to ever use in subsequent waves. Kaplan-Meier survival and Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to assess the impact of harm and addiction perceptions on e-cigarette initiation. RESULTS Our analytic sample comprised 63.1% of youth who had never used tobacco products at Wave 1 and consequently initiated e-cigarette use in subsequent waves. Over time, fewer individuals perceived e-cigarettes as harmless (14.1%-2.1%), whereas more perceived them as likely to cause addiction (53.7%-76.6%). Compared with perceiving e-cigarettes as a lot of harm, those perceiving some harm (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 1.30, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.12-1.52), little harm (aHR = 1.42, 95% CI: 1.20-1.68), or no harm (aHR = 2.09, 95% CI: 1.64-2.65) were more likely to initiate e-cigarette use. Demographic factors for initiation included being Black or Hispanic ethnicity (vs White), younger age (12-14 vs15-17 years), and receiving over $20 per week (vs $0) in pocket money, with P-values <0.05. However, in adjusted results, addiction perceptions did not significantly impact e-cigarette initiation (P-values >0.05). CONCLUSIONS Among youth without prior tobacco/nicotine use, perceiving e-cigarettes as having low harm significantly predicted initiation over time. Effective prevention strategies, including targeted risk communication interventions, are essential for discouraging e-cigarette use among youth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W Li
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - M E Kalan
- School of Health Professionals, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - A J Kondracki
- Department of Community Medicine, Mercer University School of Medicine, Savannah, GA, USA
| | - P Gautam
- Texas State Board of Pharmacy, Austin, TX, USA
| | - R Jebai
- Department of Health Law, Policy, and Management, School of Public Health, Boston University, MA, USA
| | - O Osibogun
- Department of Epidemiology, Robert Stempel College of Public Health, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bigwanto M, Pénzes M, Urbán R. Does sensation-seeking behavior influence the patterns of flavored e-cigarette use? A cross-sectional study among Indonesian adolescents and young adults. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1140. [PMID: 38658887 PMCID: PMC11040837 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18626-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The variety of available flavors in e-cigarettes may be a driver for young people to start using these products. The objectives of our study were to examine the relationship between sensation-seeking behavior and e-cigarette use, and to identify the predictors of flavor use patterns among adolescents in Indonesia. METHODS Students aged 15 to 24 years participated from randomly selected high schools and universities in Indonesia. Participants answered questions about their demographic data, e-cigarette use, conventional cigarette use, and sensation-seeking. Flavor preferences were identified from eight different flavor categories. Multivariate multinomial regression analysis was employed to predict conventional cigarette and e-cigarette use among students. A latent class analysis was conducted to determine the number of latent classes of flavor use. RESULTS One thousand six hundred high school and university students, with a mean age of 18.2 years (SD 2.19), were recruited between March and August, 2023. Conventional cigarette use in the past 30 days was higher (16.3%) compared to e-cigarette use (13.3%, p = 0.017), with approximately 8.5% of students were being dual users. Higher levels of sensation-seeking significantly increased the odds of being a current e-cigarette user (OR = 2.54, 95%CI 1.99-3.25) and a current conventional cigarette smoker (OR = 2.38, 95%CI 1.85-3.07). Three groups of flavor classes were identified: 1) primarily menthol flavor users (14%), who had a strong association with current conventional cigarette use; 2) experimenters, who mostly preferred fruit-flavored e-cigarettes (76%); and 3) the multi-flavor user group (10%), who had a higher sensation-seeking tendency. CONCLUSIONS Flavors, especially menthol and fruit flavors, attract youth, broaden the e-cigarette audience and are particularly appealing to high sensation-seekers. Banning these flavors could significantly deter e-cigarette initiation among youth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mouhamad Bigwanto
- Doctoral School of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Izabella U. 46, Budapest, 1064, Hungary.
- Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Izabella U. 46, Budapest, 1064, Hungary.
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Muhammadiyah Prof. Dr. HAMKA, Jl Limau II, Jakarta, 12210, Indonesia.
| | - Melinda Pénzes
- Data-Driven Health Division of the National Laboratory for Health Security, Health Services Management Training Centre, Semmelweis University, Kútvölgyi út 2, Budapest, H-1125, Hungary
| | - Róbert Urbán
- Doctoral School of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Izabella U. 46, Budapest, 1064, Hungary
- Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Izabella U. 46, Budapest, 1064, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Aljohani FA, Alzubaidi BY, Al-Rafdan RH, Alblawi HM, Alrehayan RH, Alsenan GA, Almohaya HS, Taha MM. E-cigarette use, psychological distress, and daily activity participation among adults in Riyadh. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1362233. [PMID: 38680785 PMCID: PMC11045981 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1362233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives The prevalence of e-cigarettes is significantly increasing among adults as an alternative method to tobacco smoking. However, the chemical products of e-cigarettes have an influence on human general health. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the association between e-cigarette use and psychological distress as well as participation in daily activities among adults in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. It also evaluates the demographic profile and usage patterns of e-cigarette users. Methods This cross-sectional study involved 396 e-cigarette smokers in Riyadh city. An online survey was administered, including questions about smoking patterns and the perceived effects of e-cigarettes on activities of daily living. Additionally, mental health were assessed using the Kessler 6 scale. Results Most of the participants were educated young males (61.4%). About 29.5% of the participants reported using e-cigarettes primarily to quit tobacco cigarettes. In addition, e-cigarette usage was significantly associated with lower participation in activities of daily living and higher psychological distress. Conclusion This study found that many e-cigarette users are well-educated young individuals who use e-cigarettes as a substitute for traditional cigarettes. However, the study also revealed that using e-cigarettes is associated with negative effects on smokers' daily activities and mental health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fenoon Abdullah Aljohani
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bakriah Yahyaa Alzubaidi
- Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem Hamdan Al-Rafdan
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanan Mutiq Alblawi
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rama Hani Alrehayan
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghada Abdulrahman Alsenan
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hadeil Salman Almohaya
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mona Mohamed Taha
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Li W, Osibogun O. Time-Varying Determinants of Changes in E-Cigarette Relative Harm Perception Among US Young Adults. Int J Behav Med 2024; 31:276-283. [PMID: 37184820 DOI: 10.1007/s12529-023-10181-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current e-cigarette use has increased among young adults in the USA despite a consistent decrease in perceiving e-cigarettes as less harmful than cigarettes over time. This study examined time-varying predictors associated with the changes in e-cigarette relative harm perception over time among US young adults. METHODS Data were from the 2013-2018 Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study for young adults (18-24 years). A time-varying effect model (TVEM) was applied to examine the association between the relative harm perception change and the associated time-varying predictors. RESULTS Of the 8427 young adults, the prevalence of those who perceived e-cigarettes as less harmful than cigarettes decreased from 50.3% in Wave 1 (2013-2014) to 27.7% in Wave 4 (2016-2018). Young adults who were male were more likely to perceive e-cigarettes as less harmful than cigarettes over time (OR = 1.58; 95%CI, 1.53-1.64). In addition, the changes in e-cigarette relative harm perception were less noticeable among those with advanced degrees, who had non-combustible smoke-free home rules, who held negative tobacco-related attitudes, and those who were current e-cigarette users or ever used alcohol (all p values < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS A decline was observed in US young adults who perceived e-cigarettes as less harmful than cigarettes from the PATH Study across four waves (2013-2018). The study findings underscore the importance of risk communication that focuses on harm perception profiles and the need for appropriate interventions to balance the considerations of e-cigarette use among young adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, S-206, 34 Park St, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA.
| | - Olatokunbo Osibogun
- Department of Epidemiology, Robert Stempel College of Public Health, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Conner TS, Teah GE, Sibley CG, Turner RM, Scarf D, Mason A. Psychological predictors of vaping uptake among non-smokers: A longitudinal investigation of New Zealand adults. Drug Alcohol Rev 2024. [PMID: 38437024 DOI: 10.1111/dar.13822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Demographic and health factors are known to predict vaping. Less is known about psychological predictors of vaping uptake, particularly among non-smoking adults using longitudinal designs. We aimed to model how psychological factors related to personality and mental health predicted the likelihood of vaping uptake over time in non-smoking adults ages 18+ using longitudinal data. METHODS Longitudinal regression models utilised data from the 2018-2020 waves of the New Zealand Attitudes and Values Study to assess how the Big Five personality traits, mental distress and self-control predicted who began vaping over time among non-users (non-vapers and non-smokers), controlling for gender, age, ethnicity and economic deprivation. RESULTS Analyses included 36,309 adults overall (ages 18 to 99; M = 51.0). The number of non-users who transitioned into current vaping was small (transitioned from 2018 to 2019, n = 147; 0.48%; 2019 to 2020, n = 189, 0.63%). Fully adjusted models showed that adults with higher mental distress (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.43; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.09-1.88), lower self-control (aOR 0.79; 95% CI 0.69-0.89) and higher extraversion (aOR 1.09; 95% CI 1.06-1.13) were more likely to begin vaping at the next time point compared to adults who remained non-users. Higher neuroticism and lower conscientiousness also predicted vaping uptake in initial models, but inclusion of mental distress and self-control superseded these traits. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Psychological factors related to mental distress, impulse control and sociability predicted who was more likely to begin vaping as non-smoking adults. Harm prevention interventions could target these factors to reduce vaping uptake in non-smokers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tamlin S Conner
- Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Grace E Teah
- Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Chris G Sibley
- School of Psychology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Robin M Turner
- Biostatistics Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Damian Scarf
- Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Andre Mason
- Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ma S, Kaareen A, Park H, He Y, Jiang S, Qiu Z, Xie Z, Li D, Chen J, O'Connor RJ, Fong GT, Shang C. How to Identify e-Cigarette Brands Available in the United States During 2020-2022: Development and Usability Study. JMIR Form Res 2024; 8:e47570. [PMID: 38416562 PMCID: PMC10938231 DOI: 10.2196/47570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prior studies have demonstrated that the e-cigarette market contains a large number of brands. Identifying these existing e-cigarette brands is a key element of market surveillance, which will further assist in policy making and compliance checks. OBJECTIVE To facilitate the surveillance of the diverse product landscape in the e-cigarette market, we constructed a semantic database of e-cigarette brands that have appeared in the US market as of 2020-2022. METHODS In order to build the brand database, we searched and compiled e-cigarette brands from a comprehensive list of retail channels and sources, including (1) e-liquid and disposable brands sold in web-based stores, (2) e-cigarette brands sold in brick-and-mortar stores and collected by the Nielsen Retail Scanner Data, (3) e-cigarette brands compiled by Wikipedia, (4) self-reported e-cigarette brands from the 2020 International Tobacco Control Four-Country Smoking and Vaping (ITC 4CV) US survey, and (5) e-cigarette brands on Twitter. We also estimated the top 5 e-cigarette brands by sales volume in brick-and-mortar stores, by the frequency and variety of offerings in web-based shops, and by the frequency of self-reported brands from the 2020 ITC 4CV US survey. RESULTS As of 2020-2022, a total of 912 e-cigarette brands have been sold by various retail channels. During 2020-2022, the top 5 brands are JUUL, vuse, njoy, blu, and logic in brick-and-mortar stores; blu, king, monster, twist, and air factory for e-liquids in web-based stores; hyde, pod mesh, suorin, vaporlax, and xtra for disposables sold in web-based stores; and smok, aspire, vaporesso, innokin, and eleaf based on self-reported survey data. CONCLUSIONS As the US Food and Drug Administration enforces the premarket tobacco market authorization, many e-cigarette brands may become illegal in the US market. In this context, how e-cigarette brands evolve and consolidate in different retail channels will be critical for understanding the regulatory impacts on product availability. Our semantic database of e-cigarette brands can serve as a useful tool to monitor product and marketplace development, conduct compliance checks, assess manufacturers' marketing behaviors, and identify regulatory impacts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaoying Ma
- Center for Tobacco Research, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Aadeeba Kaareen
- Center for Tobacco Research, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Hojin Park
- Center for Tobacco Research, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Yanyun He
- Center for Tobacco Research, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Shuning Jiang
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Zefeng Qiu
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Zidian Xie
- Department of Clinical and Translational Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Dongmei Li
- Department of Clinical and Translational Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Richard J O'Connor
- Department of Health Behavior, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Geoffrey T Fong
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ce Shang
- Center for Tobacco Research, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Franchitto N, Bloch J, Solal C, Pélissier F. Self-poisoning by E-cigarette and E-liquids: National Reports to French Poison Control Centers from July 2019 to December 2020: VIGIlance and VAPE: The VIGIVAPE Study. Nicotine Tob Res 2024; 26:281-288. [PMID: 37422917 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntad116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Exposure to e-cigarette liquids, whether intentional or accidental, might lead to adverse events. This study aimed to describe the prevalence and characteristics of exposures to e-liquids reported to French Poison Control Centers. METHODS All e-liquids exposure cases reported to French Poison Control Centers from July 1, 2019, to December 31, 2020, were reviewed. Information was collected about the patient's characteristics, exposure circumstances, management and outcome. RESULTS About 919 cases of exposure to e-liquids were reported. Ages ranged from one month to 89 years, with a mean age of 16.6 ± 18.6 years and a median age of 4 years. The highest number of exposures-50.7%-concerned infants (0-4 years), 3.1% children (5-11 years), 5.9% adolescents (12-17 years), and 40.1% of cases concerned adults. The majority of cases were accidental (95.0%). Intentional exposures (4.9%) were mainly observed in patients older than 12 years of age (P < 0.001). The route of exposure was ingestion in 73.7% of the cases. A total of 455 exposures showed no symptoms or signs related to poisoning. High nicotine concentration in e-liquids was associated with an increase in hospital management (Odds-ratio from 1.77 to 2.60). CONCLUSION Involuntary exposures to e-liquids occurred more often in children under the age of five, mainly by ingestion. Unlike intentional ingestions, unintentional ingestions rarely resulted in severe adverse events. These findings highlight the importance of ongoing surveillance to prevent such exposures and associated injuries, emphasizing the need for effective regulation of these products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Franchitto
- Service d'Addictologie Universitaire, Centre Hospitalier de Toulouse-Purpan, Toulouse, France
- CERPOP, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | | | | | - Fanny Pélissier
- Centre Antipoison et Toxicovigilance Occitanie, Centre Hospitalier et Universitaire de Toulouse-Purpan, Toulouse, France
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Tran DD, Davis JP, Ring C, Buch K, Fitzke RE, Pedersen ER. A Deeper Dive into Young Adults' Experiences with E-Cigarettes, E-Cigarette Cessation, and Transitioning to Cigarette Smoking. Subst Use Misuse 2024; 59:937-946. [PMID: 38351608 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2024.2310493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Introduction: E-cigarette use among young adults is prevalent, with some voicing their desire to quit using e-cigarettes but needing support to do so. Young adults who use e-cigarettes are at risk for progressing to smoking combustible cigarettes, placing them at risk for severe health consequences. Limited research exists describing young adults' lived experiences with using e-cigarettes, e-cigarette cessation, and progression to combustible cigarettes. Methods: Between July and August 2022, nine focus groups were conducted with 33 young adults who either (1) currently used e-cigarettes, (2) formerly used e-cigarettes, or (3) transitioned to cigarettes. Transcripts were coded and themes were identified independently by two research team members while a third researcher reviewed the coding and themes. Results: Participants described social influences, stress, and curiosity as primary reasons why they initiated e-cigarette use. The most reported negative experiences or consequences associated with e-cigarettes include the health effects, addiction, and financial costs. Participants who transitioned to cigarettes reported social influences, a desire to reduce or quit using e-cigarettes by replacing them with cigarettes, curiosity, and stress as the primary reasons for this progression to combustible cigarettes. Participants described barriers to quitting e-cigarettes, including social influences, withdrawal, and easy access to e-cigarettes, as well as facilitators of quitting, such as social support, change in environment, and finding healthier ways to manage stress. Conclusions: This qualitative work provides an in-depth look into factors that may be helpful in the development of prevention and intervention programs for both e-cigarette and combustible cigarette use in young individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Denise D Tran
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Colin Ring
- Department of Psychology, Loma Linda University School of Behavioral Health, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Keegan Buch
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Reagan E Fitzke
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Eric R Pedersen
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Hendlin YH, Han EL, Ling PM. Pharmaceuticalisation as the tobacco industry's endgame. BMJ Glob Health 2024; 9:e013866. [PMID: 38316465 PMCID: PMC10859997 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2023-013866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Declining smoking prevalence and denormalisation of tobacco in developed countries reduced transnational tobacco company (TTC) profit during 1990s and 2000s. As these companies faced increasingly restrictive policies and lawsuits, they planned to shift their business to socially acceptable reduced-harm products. We describe the internal motivations and strategies to achieve this goal. METHODS We analysed previously secret tobacco industry documents available through the Truth Tobacco Documents Library. These documents were triangulated with TTCs' investor and other professional reports, websites and public statements. FINDINGS Mimicking pharmaceutical business models, tobacco companies sought to refurbish their image and ensure long-term profitability by creating and selling pharmaceutical-like products as smoking declined. These products included snus, heated tobacco products, e-cigarettes, nicotine gums and inhalers. Tobacco companies created separate divisions to develop and roll out these products, and the majority developed medical research programmes to steer these products through regulatory agencies, seeking certification as reduced-harm or pharmaceutical products. These products were regarded as key to the survival of the tobacco industry in an unfriendly political and social climate. CONCLUSIONS Pharmaceuticalisation was pursued to perpetuate the profitability of tobacco and nicotine for tobacco companies, not as a sincere search to mitigate the harms of smoking in society. Promotion of new pharmaceuticalised products has split the tobacco control community, with some public health professionals and institutions advocating for the use of 'clean' reduced-harm nicotine and tobacco products, essentially carrying out tobacco industry objectives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yogi Hale Hendlin
- Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland, The Netherlands
- Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Elieen Le Han
- Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Pamela M Ling
- Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Liu Y, Filippidis FT. Tobacco market trends in 97 countries between 2007 and 2021. Tob Induc Dis 2024; 22:TID-22-31. [PMID: 38314375 PMCID: PMC10835573 DOI: 10.18332/tid/177441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Analysis of the tobacco market can provide valuable insights for developing tobacco control strategies. This study examines the market trends of cigarettes, cigars/cigarillos, smoking tobacco, smokeless tobacco, e-cigarettes, heated tobacco products (HTPs), and tobacco-free oral nicotine, across 97 countries between 2007 and 2021. METHODS We obtained annual tobacco retail value data from Euromonitor Passport and calculated the market share for each type of tobacco product. The research examined trends in retail value and market share globally, stratified by national income level, as well as in individual countries. RESULTS From 2007 to 2015, the growth of the global tobacco market was primarily driven by cigarette sales. However, starting in 2016, emerging products, including e-cigarettes, HTPs, and tobacco-free oral nicotine, as well as non-cigarette combustible products, including cigars/cigarillos and smoking tobacco, have been mostly responsible for the increases in the global tobacco retail value. High-income countries experienced the greatest increase in the retail value of emerging products, while middle- and low-income countries still observed rises in cigarette sales. CONCLUSIONS Trends in the retail value of different tobacco products varied widely during the study period, with distinct trends observed in different income levels and within individual countries. These trends can supplement prevalence data and be used to inform local tobacco control policies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Liu
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Filippos T. Filippidis
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Olszewski NA, Tetteh-Quarshie S, Henderson BJ. Neuronal Excitability in the Medial Habenula and Ventral Tegmental Area Is Differentially Modulated by Nicotine Dosage and Menthol in a Sex-Specific Manner. eNeuro 2024; 11:ENEURO.0380-23.2024. [PMID: 38233142 PMCID: PMC10863631 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0380-23.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The medial habenula (MHb) has been identified as the limiting factor for nicotine intake and facilitating nicotine withdrawal. However, few studies have assessed MHb neuronal excitability in response to nicotine, and, currently, a gap in knowledge is present for finding behavioral correlates to neuronal excitability in the region. Moreover, no study to date has evaluated sex or nicotine dosage as factors of excitability in the MHb. Here, we utilized an e-vape self-administration (EVSA) model to determine differences between sexes with different nicotine dosages ± menthol. Following this paradigm, we employed patch-clamp electrophysiology to assess key metrics of MHb neuronal excitability in relation to behavioral endpoints. We observed female mice self-administered significantly more than males, regardless of dosage. We also observed a direct correlation between self-administration behavior and MHb excitability with low-dose nicotine + menthol in males. Conversely, a high dose of nicotine ± menthol yields an inverse correlation between excitability and self-administration behavior in males only. In addition, intrinsic excitability in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) does not track with the amount of nicotine self-administered. Rather, they correlate to the active/inactive discrimination of mice. Using fast-scan cyclic voltammetry, we also observed that dopamine release dynamics are linked to reinforcement-related behavior in males and motivation-related behaviors in females. These results point to a sex-specific difference in the activity of the MHb and VTA leading to distinct differences in self-administration behavior. His could lend evidence to clinical observations of smoking and nicotine-use behavior differing between males and females.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan A Olszewski
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington 25703-1104, West Virginia
| | - Samuel Tetteh-Quarshie
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington 25703-1104, West Virginia
| | - Brandon J Henderson
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington 25703-1104, West Virginia
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Nguyen R, Ruedisueli I, Lakhani K, Ma J, Middlekauff HR. Acute cardiovascular effects of 4th generation electronic cigarettes and combusted cigarettes: implications for harm reduction. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2024; 136:440-449. [PMID: 38205548 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00067.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The health consequences associated with using electronic cigarettes (ECs) are of great public interest because of their potential role in smoking cessation. In 110 participants, including 41 nonusers, 34 people who exclusively use ECs (EC group), and 35 people who smoke tobacco cigarettes (TCs) including 12 dual users (collectively called the TC-D group), the heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), and heart rate variability (HRV) were compared at baseline. People in the EC or the TC-D groups were also compared after using a 4th generation EC with or without nicotine, a TC with or without nicotine (TC-D group only), and a straw-control. Baseline HR, BP, and HRV parameters were not different among the EC, the TC-D, and nonuser groups. In people who exclusively use ECs, acute nicotine-EC use increased HR and BP, and produced changes in HRV patterns suggestive of increased cardiac sympathetic influence. In people in the TC-D group, BP increased similarly after acutely smoking a nicotine-TC or a nicotine-EC. However, the increase in HR was significantly greater after smoking a TC compared with the nicotine-EC despite similar acute increases in plasma nicotine. Overall, all exposures containing nicotine significantly increased HR and BP in both cohorts when compared with non-nicotine exposures. Since acute EC use 1) produces an abnormal HRV pattern associated with increased cardiac sympathetic tone in people who chronically use ECs, and 2) similar hemodynamic increases compared with acute TC smoking in people who chronically smoke TCs including dual users, the role of ECs as part of a harm reduction strategy is questioned.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We found that nicotine, not the non-nicotine constituents in tobacco cigarette (TC) or electronic cigarette (EC) emissions, may be the instigator of the acute, potentially adverse, changes in hemodynamics and heart rate variability (HRV) that were recorded several minutes after tobacco product use. Furthermore, acute EC use produced an abnormal HRV pattern associated with increased cardiac risk in people who chronically smoke ECs and produced similar hemodynamic increases compared with acute TC use in people who chronically smoke TCs, including people who are dual users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Randy Nguyen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Isabelle Ruedisueli
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Karishma Lakhani
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Joyce Ma
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Holly R Middlekauff
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Alhalafi A. The Use of Electronic Cigarettes in Saudi Arabia: A Narrative Review. Cureus 2024; 16:e54167. [PMID: 38496178 PMCID: PMC10941232 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.54167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The use of electronic cigarettes (or "e-cigarettes") is spreading throughout the world. Population-level data from a number of countries indicate that e-cigarettes are used more by children and young adults than by the overall population. Although extensive research has been conducted in Western nations to better understand many aspects of e-cigarette usage among children and young adults, Middle Eastern nations have little data on this topic. The use of tobacco is detrimental to the health, finances, and national spirit of Saudi Arabia. More than 7,000 of its citizens die each year from diseases caused by tobacco use. Nevertheless, more than 20,000 youngsters and 3,352,000 adults smoke cigarettes each day. Similarly, the use of electronic cigarettes is on the rise, possibly as a result of aggressive publicity and marketing campaigns by manufacturers that appeal to the younger demographic. This review was undertaken through literature research to ascertain the usage and attitudes toward e-cigarette use among the Saudi population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Alhalafi
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Bisha, Bisha, SAU
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Kim SJ, Park BY. Changes in smoking patterns and characteristics of Koreans using the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013-2021 data. Public Health 2024; 227:259-266. [PMID: 38301303 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2023.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study explored factors related to Korean adults' smoking patterns and also the reasons for using new types of tobacco products. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional survey. METHODS Data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2013 to 2021 were used. The prevalence of the use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) or heated tobacco products (HTPs) alone or in combination with conventional cigarettes (CC) and the reasons for using new tobacco products are presented. Factors associated with using new types of tobacco products alone or in combination with CC compared to exclusive CC users were identified using multinomial logistic regression analysis. RESULTS The prevalence of current smoking was 25.54% in 2013 and 23.05% in 2021, with no significant change. The prevalence of CC decreased from 23.39% in 2013 to 15.77% in 2021. The prevalence of new tobacco use in combination with CC did not show a definite trend. The prevalence of exclusive use of new tobacco was <1% until 2018 and has rapidly increased thereafter. Of the HTPs users, 46.68% responded with 'no cigarette smell' as the main reason for HTPs use, followed by 'It seems less harmful than cigarette' (19.19%), and 'It seems to be helpful for quitting smoking' (15.04%). Of the e-cigarette users, 45.19% responded 'It seems to be helpful for quitting smoking' as the main reason for e-cigarette use, followed by 'It is less harmful than cigarettes' (19.98%). Compared to CC users, new tobacco users were younger, had a higher household income or education, and used more nutritional supplements. CONCLUSION Regulations for newer tobacco products are more lenient than for traditional cigarettes, leading to misunderstandings, especially among women and young people. To increase awareness of the risks of these products, specific policies such as disclosure of ingredients, ban on online sales, and increase in consumption tax, are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S J Kim
- Department of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - B Y Park
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Hanyang Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ahuja N, Kedia S, Ward KD, Jiang Y, Dillon PJ. Predictors of Adolescents' Transition Through the Stages of Change for Quitting E-Cigarettes: Findings From the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study. Am J Health Promot 2024:8901171231222077. [PMID: 38258817 DOI: 10.1177/08901171231222077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify predictive factors associated with US adolescents' transition through the stages of change for potentially quitting e-cigarettes using the Trans-theoretical model of behavior change. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING United States. SUBJECTS We utilized data from adolescents (12-17 years) in Wave 3 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health study who used e-cigarettes exclusively over the past 30 days (n = 177) and were followed up with in Wave 4. MEASURES Outcome variables were 3 transition categories: those who remained stagnant, those who progressed, and those who regressed in their stage of quitting e-cigarettes. Predictor variables were socio-demographics, e-cigarette harm perception, e-cigarette use at home or by important people, social norms, e-cigarette and anti-tobacco advertisements, and e-cigarette health warnings. ANALYSIS Weighted-adjusted multinomial regression analysis was performed to determine the association between predictor and outcome variables. RESULTS From Wave 3 to Wave 4, 19% of adolescents remained stagnant; 73.3% progressed; and 7.7% regressed. Adolescents were less likely to progress in their stage of change if they perceived nicotine in e-cigarettes to be "not at all/slightly harmful" (AOR = .26 [95% CI: .25, .27], P < .001); reported important people's use of e-cigarettes (AOR = .18 [95% CI: .05, .65, P = .009); and "rarely" noticed e-cigarette health warnings (AOR = .28 [95% CI: .08, .98, P = .054). CONCLUSION Intervention efforts must target specific predictive factors that may help adolescents quit e-cigarettes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Ahuja
- Department of Public Health, Slippery Rock University of Pennsylvania, Slippery Rock, PA, USA
| | - Satish Kedia
- Division of Social and Behavioral Sciences, University of Memphis, School of Public Health, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Kenneth D Ward
- Division of Social and Behavioral Sciences, University of Memphis, School of Public Health, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Yu Jiang
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Memphis, School of Public Health, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Patrick J Dillon
- School of Communication Studies, Kent State University at Stark, North Canton, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Wu S, Kim E, Zhao R. Acetal Formation of Flavoring Agents with Propylene Glycol in E-Cigarettes: Impacts on Indoor Partitioning and Thirdhand Exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:21284-21294. [PMID: 38065550 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c08514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
The widespread use of flavored e-cigarettes has led to a significant rise in teenage nicotine use. In e-liquids, the flavor carbonyls can form acetals with unknown chemical and toxicological properties. These acetals can cause adverse health effects on both smokers and nonsmokers through thirdhand exposure. This study aims to explore the impacts of these acetals formed in e-cigarettes on indoor partitioning and thirdhand exposure. Specifically, the acetalization reactions of commonly used flavor carbonyls in laboratory-made e-liquids were monitored using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy. EAS-E Suite and polyparameter linear free energy relationships (PP-LFERs) were employed to estimate the partitioning coefficients for species. Further, a chemical two-dimensional partitioning model was applied to visualize the indoor equilibrium partitioning and estimate the distribution of flavor carbonyls and their acetals in the gas phase, aerosol phase, and surface reservoirs. Our results demonstrate that a substantial fraction of carbonyls were converted into acetals in e-liquids and their chemical partitioning was significantly influenced. This study shows that acetalization is a determinant factor in the exposure and toxicology of harmful carbonyl flavorings, with its impact extending to both direct exposure to smokers and involuntary exposure to nonsmokers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Erica Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Ran Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Hauser SR, Waeiss RA, Deehan GA, Engleman EA, Bell RL, Rodd ZA. Adolescent alcohol and nicotine exposure alters the adult response to alcohol use. ADVANCES IN DRUG AND ALCOHOL RESEARCH 2023; 3:11880. [PMID: 38389816 PMCID: PMC10880795 DOI: 10.3389/adar.2023.11880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Adolescence through young adulthood is a unique period of neuronal development and maturation. Numerous agents can alter this process, resulting in long-term neurological and biological consequences. In the clinical literature, it is frequently reported that adolescent alcohol consumption increases the propensity to develop addictions, including alcohol use disorder (AUD), during adulthood. A general limitation of both clinical and human pre-clinical adolescent alcohol research is the high rate of co-using/abusing more than one drug during adolescence, such as co-using/abusing alcohol with nicotine. A primary goal of basic research is elucidating neuroadaptations produced by adolescent alcohol exposure/consumption that promote alcohol and other drug self-administration in adulthood. The long-term goal is to develop pharmacotherapeutics for the prevention or amelioration of these neuroadaptations. This review will focus on studies that have examined the effects of adolescent alcohol and nicotine exposure on adult alcohol consumption, the hypersensitivity of the mesolimbic dopaminergic system, and enhanced responses not only to alcohol but also to nicotine during adulthood. Again, the long-term goal is to identify potential cholinergic agents to prevent or ameliorate the consequences of, peri-adolescent alcohol abuse.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheketha R Hauser
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Robert A Waeiss
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Gerald A Deehan
- Department of Psychology, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States
| | - Eric A Engleman
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Richard L Bell
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Zachary A Rodd
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Erhabor J, Boakye E, Obisesan O, Osei AD, Tasdighi E, Mirbolouk H, DeFilippis AP, Stokes AC, Hirsch GA, Benjamin EJ, Rodriguez CJ, El Shahawy O, Robertson RM, Bhatnagar A, Blaha MJ. E-Cigarette Use Among US Adults in the 2021 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Survey. JAMA Netw Open 2023; 6:e2340859. [PMID: 37921768 PMCID: PMC10625038 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.40859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Importance After the initial disruption from the COVID-19 pandemic, it is unclear how patterns of e-cigarette use in the US have changed. Objective To examine recent patterns in current and daily e-cigarette use among US adults in 2021. Design, Setting, and Participants This cross-sectional study used data from the 2021 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) database. The BRFSS is the largest national telephone-based survey of randomly sampled adults in the US. Adults aged 18 years or older, residing in 49 US states (all except Florida), the District of Columbia, and 3 US territories (Guam, Puerto Rico, and the US Virgin Islands), were included in the data set. Data analysis was performed in January 2023. Main Outcomes and Measures The main outcome was age-adjusted prevalence of current and daily e-cigarette use overall and by participant characteristics, state, and territory. Descriptive statistical analysis was conducted, applying weights to account for population representation. Results This study included 414 755 BRFSS participants with information on e-cigarette use. More than half of participants were women (51.3%). In terms of race and ethnicity, 0.9% of participants were American Indian or Alaska Native, 5.8% were Asian, 11.5% were Black, 17.3% were Hispanic, 0.2% were Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, 62.2% were White, 1.4% were of multiple races or ethnicities, and 0.6% were of other race or ethnicity. Individuals aged 18 to 24 years comprised 12.4% of the study population. The age-standardized prevalence of current e-cigarette use was 6.9% (95% CI, 6.7%-7.1%), with almost half of participants using e-cigarettes daily (3.2% [95% CI, 3.1%-3.4%]). Among individuals aged 18 to 24 years, there was a consistently higher prevalence of e-cigarette use, with more than 18.6% reporting current use and more than 9.0% reporting daily use. Overall, among individuals reporting current e-cigarette use, 42.2% (95% CI, 40.7%-43.7%) indicated former combustible cigarette use, 37.1% (95% CI, 35.6%-38.6%) indicated current combustible cigarette use, and 20.7% (95% CI, 19.7%-21.8%) indicated never using combustible cigarettes. Although relatively older adults (aged ≥25 years) who reported current e-cigarette use were more likely to report former or current combustible cigarette use, younger adults (aged 18-24 years) were more likely to report never using combustible cigarettes. Notably, the proportion of individuals who reported current e-cigarette use and never using combustible cigarettes was higher in the group aged 18 to 20 years (71.5% [95% CI, 66.8%-75.7%]) compared with those aged 21 to 24 years (53.0% [95% CI, 49.8%-56.1%]). Conclusion and Relevance These findings suggest that e-cigarette use remained common during the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly among young adults aged 18 to 24 years (18.3% prevalence). Notably, 71.5% of individuals aged 18 to 20 years who reported current e-cigarette use had never used combustible cigarettes. These results underscore the rationale for the implementation and enforcement of public health policies tailored to young adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John Erhabor
- Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Baltimore, Maryland
- American Heart Association Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Ellen Boakye
- Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Baltimore, Maryland
- American Heart Association Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, Dallas, Texas
| | | | - Albert D. Osei
- Department of Medicine, MedStar Union Memorial Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Erfan Tasdighi
- Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Hassan Mirbolouk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Andrew P. DeFilippis
- American Heart Association Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, Dallas, Texas
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Andrew C. Stokes
- American Heart Association Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, Dallas, Texas
- Department of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Glenn A. Hirsch
- American Heart Association Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, Dallas, Texas
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Emelia J. Benjamin
- American Heart Association Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, Dallas, Texas
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Carlos J. Rodriguez
- American Heart Association Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, Dallas, Texas
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, New York
| | - Omar El Shahawy
- American Heart Association Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, Dallas, Texas
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Rose Marie Robertson
- American Heart Association Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, Dallas, Texas
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Aruni Bhatnagar
- American Heart Association Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, Dallas, Texas
- University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Michael J. Blaha
- Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Baltimore, Maryland
- American Heart Association Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, Dallas, Texas
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Hamilton WN, Masud N, Kouambo C, Tarasenko YN. Perinatal Smoking and E-cigarette Use and Their Relationship with Breastfeeding: PRAMS 2015-2020. Breastfeed Med 2023; 18:855-863. [PMID: 37902988 DOI: 10.1089/bfm.2023.0152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use poses concerns among women of child-bearing age. We examined prevalence of breastfeeding among the U.S. women and characteristics associated with exclusive use of cigarettes, e-cigarettes, or both products. Materials and Methods: Our study is based on pooled cross-sectional data from 2015-2020 Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System. Two outcomes were breastfeeding initiation and breastfeeding duration for over 6 months, as recommended by the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP). Binary logistic regressions were used to examine associations between each outcome and type of tobacco products unadjusted and adjusted for potential confounders, with post hoc estimation of average adjusted predictions, marginal effects, and contrasts of margins in Stata. Results: Adjusted prevalence of breastfeeding initiation was significantly higher in women who used e-cigarettes (86.15%) than conventional cigarettes (72.16%) or both products (79.54%). Similarly, a significantly higher percentage of women who used e-cigarettes continued breastfeeding after 6 months (49.20%) than women who smoked conventional cigarettes (31.30%) or both products (29.83%). Among women who neither smoked nor used e-cigarettes, 85.29% initiated breastfeeding and 57.20% continued breastfeeding as recommended by the AAP. Conclusion: Likelihood of breastfeeding initiation and continuation in women using e-cigarettes was comparable to those who neither smoked nor used e-cigarettes. Future research needs to elucidate differences in breastfeeding by sociodemographic and health-related characteristics of women who smoke or use both products compared to those who use e-cigarettes. Understanding women's motivation behind use of a particular tobacco product is also important, so mothers who smoke e-cigarettes are not incorrectly perceived as safer users and excluded from tobacco cessation interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Whitney N Hamilton
- Department of Health Services Administration, Middle Georgia State University, Macon, Georgia, USA
| | - Nazish Masud
- Department of Biostatistics Epidemiology and Environmental Health Sciences, Jiann-Ping Hsu College of Public Health, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, Georgia, USA
| | - Cyrille Kouambo
- Department of Biostatistics Epidemiology and Environmental Health Sciences, Jiann-Ping Hsu College of Public Health, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, Georgia, USA
| | - Yelena N Tarasenko
- Department of Biostatistics Epidemiology and Environmental Health Sciences, Jiann-Ping Hsu College of Public Health, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, Georgia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Jirjees F, Dallal Bashi YH, Kharaba Z, Ahmadi K, Barakat M, AlObaidi H. Public awareness, prevalence, and regulations for the sale of electronic cigarettes in Arab countries: A narrative review. Tob Induc Dis 2023; 21:143. [PMID: 37901882 PMCID: PMC10603825 DOI: 10.18332/tid/168435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The majority of the Arab countries have high records of daily tobacco smoking. Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) use has exponentially increased in the past decade in Arab countries. Consumers' willingness to quit smoking traditional cigarettes and their perception of e-cigarettes as a safer alternative to conventional cigarettes have increased the demand for these devices. This narrative review aimed to gather and discuss the available literature on the awareness, prevalence, and sales regulations of e-cigarettes in Arab countries. A search was conducted on electronic databases such as PubMed, Medline, Scopus, and Google Scholar with no time limits until the end of 2021. Some of the recent studies (2019-2021) considered in this review have reported that more than 25% of participants were e-cigarettes users. The prevalence of e-cigarettes has increased drastically with raised awareness of e-cigarettes among the population in these Arab countries. Most of the users of e-cigarettes are young males. In addition, an increase in e-cigarettes use has been reported in females. The policies which regulate trade and sale of e-cigarettes and related products were issued in only three Arab countries. In contrast, regulations for the trade and sale of traditional cigarette products are also applied in some countries to e-cigarette products, banning the sale of e-cigarettes to minors and/or amend smoke-free laws to restrict public use of e-cigarettes. There is a need for a concerted effort to assess the prevalence and significant rise of e-cigarettes consumption in Arab societies to help implement and improve harm reduction policies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feras Jirjees
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Zelal Kharaba
- College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom
| | - Keivan Ahmadi
- NIHR Applied Research Collaboration Northwest London, Department of Primary Care and Public Health, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Muna Barakat
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Hala AlObaidi
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Thorpe AE, Donovan C, Kim RY, Vindin HJ, Zakarya R, Miyai H, Chan YL, van Reyk D, Chen H, Oliver BG. Third-Hand Exposure to E-Cigarette Vapour Induces Pulmonary Effects in Mice. TOXICS 2023; 11:749. [PMID: 37755759 PMCID: PMC10536515 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11090749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
In the last decade, e-cigarette usage has increased, with an estimated 82 million e-cigarette users globally. This is, in part, due to the common opinion that they are "healthier" than tobacco cigarettes or simply "water vapour". Third-hand e-vapour exposure is the chemical residue left behind from e-cigarette aerosols, which is of concern due to its invisible nature, especially among young children. However, there is limited information surrounding third-hand e-vapour exposure. This study aimed to investigate the pulmonary effects of sub-chronic third-hand e-vapour exposure in a murine model. BALB/c mice (4 weeks of age) were exposed to a towel containing nicotine free (0 mg) e-vapour, nicotine (18 mg) e-vapour, or no e-vapour (sham) and replaced daily for 4 weeks. At the endpoint, lung function was assessed, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and lungs were collected to measure inflammation and fibrosis. Mice exposed to third-hand e-vapour without nicotine had alveolar enlargement compared to sham exposed controls. Mice exposed to third-hand e-vapour with nicotine had reduced bronchial responsiveness to provocation, increased epithelial thickening in large airways, increased epithelial layers in small airways, alveolar enlargement, and increased small airway collagen deposition, compared to sham exposed controls. In conclusion, our study shows that third-hand e-vapour exposure, particularly in the presence of nicotine, negatively affects the lung health of mice and highlights the need for greater public awareness surrounding the dangers of third-hand exposure to e-cigarette vapour.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew E. Thorpe
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia (Y.L.C.); (H.C.)
- Respiratory Cellular and Molecular Biology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Macquarie University, Glebe, NSW 2037, Australia
| | - Chantal Donovan
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia (Y.L.C.); (H.C.)
- Respiratory Cellular and Molecular Biology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Macquarie University, Glebe, NSW 2037, Australia
- Immune Health Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2000, Australia
| | - Richard Y. Kim
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia (Y.L.C.); (H.C.)
- Respiratory Cellular and Molecular Biology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Macquarie University, Glebe, NSW 2037, Australia
- Immune Health Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2000, Australia
| | - Howard J. Vindin
- Respiratory Cellular and Molecular Biology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Macquarie University, Glebe, NSW 2037, Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Razia Zakarya
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia (Y.L.C.); (H.C.)
- Epigenetics of Chronic Disease, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Macquarie University, Glebe, NSW 2037, Australia
| | - Hanna Miyai
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia (Y.L.C.); (H.C.)
| | - Yik L. Chan
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia (Y.L.C.); (H.C.)
| | - David van Reyk
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia (Y.L.C.); (H.C.)
| | - Hui Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia (Y.L.C.); (H.C.)
| | - Brian G. Oliver
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia (Y.L.C.); (H.C.)
- Respiratory Cellular and Molecular Biology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Macquarie University, Glebe, NSW 2037, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Cheng HG, Lizhnyak PN, Richter N. Mutual pathways between peer and own e-cigarette use among youth in the United States: a cross-lagged model. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1609. [PMID: 37612711 PMCID: PMC10463603 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16470-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) have become the most common tobacco product used among adolescents in the United States (US). Prior research has shown that peer e-cigarette use was associated with increased risk of own e-cigarette use. Nonetheless, there is little empirical evidence on the directionality of these associations-if peer use predicts own use (peer influence) or if own use predicts peer use (peer selection). METHODS We estimated the association between peer and own e-cigarette use among US adolescents 12-17 years of age. We used the cross-lagged model to investigate the mutual relationship between peer and own e-cigarette use over time using data from a population-based longitudinal study, Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health. Stratified analyses were conducted by sex and age subgroups. RESULTS Results from a cross-lagged model showed a statistically significant predicting path leading from peer use at the prior time point to own use at the following time point, but not vice versa. CONCLUSIONS We found strong relationships between peer e-cigarette use and own e-cigarette use at within-individual levels. Peer influence paths were more robust than peer selection paths for e-cigarette use. Incorporating peers into prevention and intervention programs may help enhance these strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui G Cheng
- Altria Client Services LLC, 601 E. Jackson, Richmond, VA, 23219, USA.
| | - Pavel N Lizhnyak
- Altria Client Services LLC, 601 E. Jackson, Richmond, VA, 23219, USA
| | - Nadja Richter
- Altria Client Services LLC, 601 E. Jackson, Richmond, VA, 23219, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Richardson PIC, Burke A, Gotts N, Goodacre R. Quantifying PG : VG ratio and nicotine content in commercially available e-liquids using handheld Raman spectroscopy. Analyst 2023; 148:4002-4011. [PMID: 37482759 PMCID: PMC10440798 DOI: 10.1039/d3an00888f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Electronic cigarettes are a popular nicotine consumption product that have risen in popularity as an alternative to cigarettes. However, their recent meteoric rise in market size and various controversies have resulted in the analyses of e-liquid ingredients to be focused on powerful laboratory-based slow methods such as chromatography and mass spectrometry. Here we present a complementary technology based on Raman spectroscopy combined with chemometrics as a fast, inexpensive, and highly portable screening tool to detect and quantify the propylene glycol : glycerol (PG : VG) ratio and nicotine content of e-cigarette liquids. Through this, the PG : VG ratio of 20 out of 23 commercial samples was quantified to within 3% of their stated value, while nicotine was successfully quantified to within 1 mg g-1 for 16 out of 23 samples without the need for accurate knowledge of flavonoid composition. High linearity was also achieved when flavours were kept constant. Finally, the limitations of Raman spectroscopy are discussed, and potential solutions are suggested.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul I C Richardson
- Centre for Metabolomics Research, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, BioSciences Building, Crown St, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK.
| | - Adam Burke
- Centre for Metabolomics Research, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, BioSciences Building, Crown St, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK.
| | - Nigel Gotts
- Centre for Metabolomics Research, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, BioSciences Building, Crown St, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK.
| | - Royston Goodacre
- Centre for Metabolomics Research, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, BioSciences Building, Crown St, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Kramer RD, Park-Lee E, Marynak KL, Jones JT, Sawdey MD, Cullen KA. Nicotine Pouch Awareness and Use Among Youth, National Youth Tobacco Survey, 2021. Nicotine Tob Res 2023; 25:1610-1613. [PMID: 37279928 PMCID: PMC10961705 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntad080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This manuscript examines prevalence of awareness and use of nicotine pouches among U.S. middle and high school students by sociodemographic characteristics and other tobacco product use and characterizes nicotine pouch and other tobacco product use behaviors among current nicotine pouch users. AIMS AND METHODS Data are from the 2021 National Tobacco Youth Survey, a cross-sectional, school-based survey of middle and high school students (N = 20 413; overall response rate: 44.6%), which included questions on nicotine pouches in 2021 for the first time. Prevalence estimates, 95% confidence intervals, and estimated population counts were assessed for nicotine pouch awareness, ever use, and current (past 30 days) use, and for use behaviors related to nicotine pouches (frequency of use, flavor(s) used) and other tobacco products (ever, current, frequency of use) among current nicotine pouch users. RESULTS Over one-third of students (35.5%) had ever heard of nicotine pouches. An estimated 1.9% (490 000) reported ever using them, while 0.8% (200 000) reported current use. Among current nicotine pouch users, 61.6% reported flavored nicotine pouch use, 64.2% reported current e-cigarette use, and 52.6% used multiple (≥2) tobacco products. Current use of nicotine pouches was common among current smokeless tobacco users (41.3%). CONCLUSIONS Overall, in 2021, while relatively few students had ever tried nicotine pouches or currently used them, more than one-third had heard of them. Current nicotine pouch users tended to use other tobacco products, particularly e-cigarettes and smokeless tobacco. Given previous rapid increases in youth uptake of e-cigarettes, it is important to continue monitoring nicotine pouch use among young people. IMPLICATIONS This study's findings provide an important baseline for future monitoring of nicotine pouch awareness and use among middle and high school students. Emerging tobacco products, particularly those that are flavored, widely available, discreet, and inexpensive have the potential to attract youth. Given the potential of these products to appeal to young people, ongoing monitoring of nicotine pouch use behaviors is important to inform public health and regulatory efforts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renee D. Kramer
- Division of Population Health Science, Office of Science, Center for Tobacco Products, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Eunice Park-Lee
- Division of Population Health Science, Office of Science, Center for Tobacco Products, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Kristy L. Marynak
- Office on Smoking and Health, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jamal T. Jones
- Division of Population Health Science, Office of Science, Center for Tobacco Products, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Michael D. Sawdey
- Division of Population Health Science, Office of Science, Center for Tobacco Products, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Karen A. Cullen
- Division of Population Health Science, Office of Science, Center for Tobacco Products, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Maheta B, Khan A, Skinner S, Dove M. Initial impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on tobacco use among college students in California. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023:1-6. [PMID: 37487206 PMCID: PMC10805952 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2023.2232458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the change in tobacco use by college students in California during the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants: Young adults (18-24 years) currently enrolled in a California college or university (N = 212). Methods: Students recruited through social media posts and by student tobacco advocate members completed an online survey of 59 questions in Spring 2021. Results: Almost 80% of current tobacco users reported a change in tobacco use during the pandemic. Most current tobacco users who changed their tobacco use reported an increase in use during the pandemic (43.2%) and 38.7% reported a decrease in use. Conclusion: As a result of COVID-19, many college students changed their tobacco use. As students return to campus and COVID-19 regulations are lifted, this may be an ideal time for prevention and cessation messages, which could include information on health risks associated with tobacco and e-cigarette use, and healthy methods for stress reduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Afroze Khan
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley
| | | | - Melanie Dove
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Ma H, Kieu TKT, Ribisl KM, Noar SM. Do Vaping Prevention Messages Impact Adolescents and Young Adults? A Meta-Analysis of Experimental Studies. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2023; 38:1709-1722. [PMID: 36882378 PMCID: PMC10258164 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2023.2185578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Vaping prevention messages are widely used to communicate the health harms and addiction risks of vaping and discourage vaping among adolescents and young adults. We conducted a meta-analysis of experimental studies to examine the effects of these messages and to understand their theoretical mechanisms. Systematic, comprehensive searches generated 4,451 references, among which 12 studies (cumulative N = 6,622) met inclusion criteria for the meta-analysis. Across these studies, a total of 35 different vaping-related outcomes were measured, and 14 outcomes assessed in two or more independent samples were meta-analyzed. Results showed that compared to control, exposure to vaping prevention messages led to higher vaping risk perceptions, including harm perceptions (d = 0.30, p < .001), perceived likelihood of harm (d = 0.23, p < .001), perceived relative harm (d = 0.14, p = .036), addiction perceptions (d = 0.39, p < .001), perceived likelihood of addiction (d = 0.22, p < .001), and perceived relative addiction (d = 0.33, p = .015). Also, compared to control, exposure to vaping prevention messages led to more vaping knowledge (d = 0.37, p < .001), lower intentions to vape (d = -0.09, p = .022), and higher perceived message effectiveness (message perceptions; d = 0.57, p < .001; effects perceptions; d = 0.55, p < .001). Findings suggest vaping prevention messages have an impact, yet may operate through different theoretical mechanisms than cigarette pack warnings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haijing Ma
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Talia Klm-Thanh Kieu
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kurt M. Ribisl
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Seth M. Noar
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Hussman School of Journalism and Media, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Zhao S, Li Z, Zhang L, Yu Z, Zhao X, Li Y, Zhu J. The characteristics and risk factors of e-cigarette use among adolescents in Shanghai: A case-control study. Tob Induc Dis 2023; 21:83. [PMID: 37342865 PMCID: PMC10277906 DOI: 10.18332/tid/166131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study was conducted to explore the characteristics and risk factors of e-cigarette use in adolescents, aiming for tobacco control and reducing e-cigarette use in this population. METHODS Using 1:1 matching, 88 students from three vocational high schools in Shanghai were recruited to conduct a case (using e-cigarettes) - control (not using e-cigarettes) study. Group interviews and questionnaire surveys were used for this qualitative and quantitative mixed-methods study. The keywords were extracted from the interview data and analyzed by the Colaizzi seven-step method. RESULTS The characteristics of adolescents' use of e-cigarettes include young age at first use, consumption of a large amount, as well as smoking in discrete locations in order to hide from adults. The reasons for using e-cigarettes include curiosity and wanting to replace traditional cigarettes. The risk factors of using e-cigarettes include insufficient understanding of the harm of e-cigarettes at the individual level (The positive outcome expectancy points: Z= -3.746, p<0.001; The negative outcome expectancy points: Z= -3.882, p<0.001), peer influence at the interpersonal level (χ2=6.510, p<0.01), and the influence of social and environmental factors such as e-cigarette sales in the stores and WeChat Moments (p<0.05 for all associations). CONCLUSIONS Having friends who use e-cigarettes, curiosity and sales exposure about e-cigarettes are important factors affecting the use of e-cigarettes by adolescents. It is necessary to strengthen the publicity of the potential hazards of e-cigarettes and to reduce overall usage by improving relevant laws and regulations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suizi Zhao
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziyan Li
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lulu Zhang
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiping Yu
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of North Florida, Florida, United States
| | - Xixuan Zhao
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Li
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingfen Zhu
- Center for Health Technology Assessment, China Hospital Development Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Gravely S, Yong HH, Reid JL, East KA, Liber AC, Michael Cummings K, Quah AC, Fong GT, Hammond D. An examination of quitting smoking as a reason for vaping by the type of nicotine vaping device used most often among adults who smoke and vape: Findings from the Canada, England and the United States 2020 ITC Smoking and Vaping Survey. Prev Med Rep 2023; 33:102201. [PMID: 37223550 PMCID: PMC10201827 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2023.102201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Several nicotine vaping product (NVP) device types are available to consumers, and many people who smoke report vaping to help them quit. This study included data from the Wave 3 (2020) ITC Smoking and Vaping Survey in the US, Canada, and England and included 2324 adults who were smoking cigarettes and vaping at least weekly. Device types currently used most often (disposables, cartridges/pods, or tank systems) were assessed using weighted descriptive statistics. Multivariable regression analyses were used to compare differences between respondents who reported vaping to quit smoking ('yes' vs. 'no/don't know') by device type, overall and by country. Overall, 71.3% of respondents reported vaping to help them quit smoking, with no country differences (p = 0.12). Those using tanks (78.7%, p < 0.001) and cartridges/pods (69.5%, p = 0.02) were more likely to report this reason for vaping than those using disposables (59.3%); respondents using tanks were also more likely than those using cartridges/pods (p = 0.001) to report this reason. By country, respondents in England using cartridges/pods or tanks (vs. disposables) were more likely to report vaping to quit smoking (with no difference between cartridges/pods and tanks). In Canada, respondents using tanks were more likely to report vaping to quit smoking than those using cartridges/pods or disposables (no difference between disposables and cartridges/pods). No significant differences by device type were found in the US. In conclusion, most adult respondents who smoked and vaped reported using either cartridges/pods or tanks, which were associated with greater odds of vaping for the purpose of quitting smoking versus disposables, with some country variations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shannon Gravely
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Hua-Hie Yong
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, 1 Gheringhap Street, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia
| | - Jessica L. Reid
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Katherine A. East
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
- Department of Addictions, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, Addictions Sciences Building, 4 Windsor Walk, Denmark Hill, London SE5 8BB, UK
| | - Alex C. Liber
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, 3800 Reservoir Rd NW, Washington, DC 20007, USA
| | - K. Michael Cummings
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, 67 President St., Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Anne C.K. Quah
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Geoffrey T. Fong
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, 661 University Ave., Toronto, ON M5G 0A3, Canada
| | - David Hammond
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Bteddini DS, LeLaurin JH, Chi X, Hall JM, Theis RP, Gurka MJ, Lee JH, Mobley EM, Khalil GE, Polansky CJ, Kellner AM, Fahnlander AM, Kelder SH, Fiellin LE, Gutter MS, Shenkman EA, Salloum RG. Mixed methods evaluation of vaping and tobacco product use prevention interventions among youth in the Florida 4-H program. Addict Behav 2023; 141:107637. [PMID: 36753933 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2023.107637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Novel prevention programs are developed to address the increase in e-cigarette use (vaping) among children. However, it remains paramount to test their feasibility in rural settings. This pilot study implemented and evaluated the feasibility and outcomes of two innovative programs, CATCH My Breath and smokeSCREEN, among youth in rural settings in Florida. METHODS We conducted four focus groups with youth aged 11-17 recruited from 4-H rural clubs in Florida. In a subsequent randomized trial, we recruited 82 youth participants and assigned them to one of three arms: CATCH My Breath, smokeSCREEN, or control. CATCH My Breath and smokeSCREEN participants attended online group intervention sessions while the control group received educational material. Pre- and post-surveys were administered to all participants to assess knowledge, susceptibility, perceived positive outcomes and risk perceptions related to tobacco and e-cigarette use. Other feasibility parameters were also assessed. RESULTS Focus group discussions provided insights about feasibility and informed the implementation of both interventions in terms of delivery format, scheduling of sessions and incentives. After the intervention, CATCH My Breath participants significantly improved their general tobacco-related knowledge (post-pre = 16.21-12.92 = 3.3, p <.01) and risk perceptions towards other flavored tobacco products (post-pre = 19.29-17.71 = 1.6, p <.05). smokeSCREEN participants significantly improved their general tobacco knowledge (post-pre = 18.77-13.77 = 5.0, p <.01), knowledge about e-cigarettes (post-pre = 9.08-6.31 = 2.8, p <.01) and risk perception towards e-cigarettes (post-pre = 24.69-21.92 = 2.8, p <.05). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated feasibility of delivering the interventions via participant engagement, participants' willingness to be randomized, assessment of outcome measures, and exploration of different recruitment methods. Despite the potential positive influence of CATCH My Breath and smokeSCREEN on youth participants, further evaluation with larger samples is needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dima S Bteddini
- Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Jennifer H LeLaurin
- Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Xiaofei Chi
- Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Jaclyn M Hall
- Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Ryan P Theis
- Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Matthew J Gurka
- Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Ji-Hyun Lee
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health and Health Professions and College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Division of Quantitative Sciences, University of Florida Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Erin M Mobley
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL 32209, USA
| | - George E Khalil
- Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Caroline J Polansky
- Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Allie M Kellner
- Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Alexandra M Fahnlander
- Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Steven H Kelder
- Michael & Susan Dell Center for Healthy Living, University of Texas Health Science Center School of Public Health, Austin, TX 78701, USA
| | - Lynn E Fiellin
- play2PREVENT Lab at Yale, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Michael S Gutter
- Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Shenkman
- Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Ramzi G Salloum
- Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Santhidran S, Periyayya T, Mastor KA, Idris IB. Does Quit Smoking Desire Influence E-Cigarette Smoking Behaviour? Malaysian Perspectives. Malays J Med Sci 2023; 30:195-201. [PMID: 37425392 PMCID: PMC10325133 DOI: 10.21315/mjms2023.30.3.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent years have witnessed an emerging trend of e-cigarette smoking in Southeast Asia. On the basis of Malaysian perspectives, this cross-sectional study explored the relationship between e-cigarette smoking behaviour and variables such as perceived health benefit, the desire to quit, social acceptance, social impact and product usefulness. Individuals aged 17 years old and older were recruited via purposive convenience sampling, yielding a total sample of 503 respondents. Collected data were analysed via partial least squares-structural equational modelling. The results showed that perceived heath benefit (β = 0.19, P < 0.01), social acceptance (β = 0.23, P < 0.01) and social impact (β = 0.49, P < 0.01) positively influence e-cigarette smoking behaviour. No such effect is exerted by the desire to quit smoking (β = 0.08, P < 0.05) and product usefulness t (β = -0. 10, P < 0.05). Future studies should examine whether demographic variables affect e-cigarette smoking behaviour.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sinnappan Santhidran
- Department of Mass Communication, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Thinavan Periyayya
- Department of Mass Communication, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Khairul Anwar Mastor
- Pusat Pengajian Citra Universiti, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Idayu Badilla Idris
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Khambayat S, Jaiswal A, Prasad R, Wanjari MB, Sharma R, Yelne S. Vaping Among Adolescents: An Overview of E-Cigarette Use in Middle and High School Students in India. Cureus 2023; 15:e38972. [PMID: 37313083 PMCID: PMC10259828 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.38972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
E-cigarette use among middle and high school students has become a growing public health concern in recent years. The prevalence of e-cigarette use among adolescents has increased dramatically, and there are serious health risks associated with this behavior. This review article provides an overview of e-cigarette use in middle and high school students, including the prevalence of use, contributing factors, health effects, policies and regulations surrounding e-cigarette use in schools, and interventions for preventing e-cigarette use in adolescents. The article highlights the need for effective prevention and cessation programs, increased public awareness about the risks of e-cigarette use, and stronger regulations on e-cigarette products. Addressing e-cigarette use among youth is critical for protecting the health and well-being of future generations, and it is important for parents, educators, healthcare providers, and policymakers to work together to prevent and reduce e-cigarette use among adolescents and promote healthy behaviors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sairaj Khambayat
- Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Arpita Jaiswal
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Roshan Prasad
- Internal Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Mayur B Wanjari
- Research and Development, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Ranjana Sharma
- Medical Surgical Nursing, Smt. Radhikabai Meghe Memorial College of Nursing, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Seema Yelne
- Nursing, Shalinitai Meghe College of Nursing, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Alqahtani MM, Alanazi AMM, Dransfield MT, Wells JM, Lein DH, Hendricks PS. Relationship Between Chronic Lung Disease Diagnosis and Susceptibility to E-Cigarette Use in Adults. Respir Care 2023; 68:658-668. [PMID: 36854469 PMCID: PMC10171337 DOI: 10.4187/respcare.10071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are known to cause adverse pulmonary effects, yet paradoxically, the prevalence of e-cigarette use has increased among individuals with chronic lung disease. We assessed the relationship between chronic lung disease and the susceptibility to e-cigarette use in adults and determined if specific behavioral, social, and environmental factors influence this relationship. METHODS We enrolled adults age ≥ 18 y in Alabama with chronic lung disease from university medical clinics (n = 140) and individuals without chronic lung disease (n = 123, reference group) from January 2020-March 2021. A cross-sectional design was used where we administered questionnaires to collect sociodemographic information and assessed susceptibility to e-cigarette use, exposure to social and environmental factors (ie, advertisements, warning labels, special prices, others' e-cigarette vapors, use of an e-cigarette by others in the home, and visiting a web site or online discussion), and behavioral factors (ie, alcohol and cannabis use). Moderation analyses were conducted to determine if any of these factors would modify the association between chronic lung disease and susceptibility to e-cigarette use. RESULTS Susceptibility to e-cigarette use was higher among adults without chronic lung disease than among those with chronic lung disease. Noticing e-cigarette warning labels and visiting a web site or online discussion about e-cigarettes were significantly associated with an increased likelihood of susceptibility to using e-cigarettes in both groups. Exposure to e-cigarette vapor from close contacts, special pricing, living with someone who uses e-cigarettes, and cannabis use were significantly associated with an increased likelihood of susceptibility to e-cigarette use in individuals without chronic lung disease. However, our analyses did not indicate a statistically significant interaction between chronic lung disease and any social, environmental, or behavioral factors on susceptibility to e-cigarette use. CONCLUSIONS Individuals without chronic lung disease were more susceptible to e-cigarette use than those with chronic lung disease. Although the prevalence of some behavioral and environmental factors differed among individuals with and without chronic lung disease, these factors did not moderate the association between chronic lung disease and susceptibility to e-cigarette use. Longitudinal investigations are warranted to better test the temporal relationships between chronic lung disease, substance use, social and environmental factors, and the susceptibility to e-cigarette use among individuals with chronic lung disease to identify prevention strategies for this population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed M Alqahtani
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; and King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abdullah M M Alanazi
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; and King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - J Michael Wells
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Donald H Lein
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Peter S Hendricks
- Department of Health Behavior, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Richards GA, Theron AJ, van den Bout I, Anderson R, Feldman C, van Zyl Smit R, Chang JW, Tintinger GR. Comparison of the effects of electronic cigarette vapours and tobacco smoke extracts on human neutrophils in vitro. ERJ Open Res 2023; 9:00502-2022. [PMID: 37228295 PMCID: PMC10204819 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00502-2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Electronic cigarettes (ECs) are electronic aerosol delivery systems composed of nicotine and various chemicals, which are widely used to facilitate smoking cessation. Although ECs are considered safer than cigarettes, they do, however, contain chemical toxicants, some of which may interact with cells of the host's innate immune system of which neutrophils constitute a key component. Methods The current study was designed to compare the effects of aqueous EC aerosol extracts (ECEs; with or without nicotine) with those of cigarette smoke extract (CSE) on neutrophil and platelet reactivity in vitro. Neutrophil reactivity is characterised by the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), degranulation (elastase release) and the release of extracellular DNA (neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation: NETosis), which were measured using chemiluminescence, spectrophotometric and microscopic procedures, respectively. Platelet reactivity was measured according to the magnitude of upregulated expression of the adhesion molecule CD62P on activated cells using a flow cytometric procedure. Results Exposure of neutrophils to either ECEs or CSE caused a significant inhibition of ROS generation and elastase release by N-formyl-l-methionyl-l-leucyl-l-phenylalanine (1 µM)-activated neutrophils. Pre-treatment of neutrophils with CSE also resulted in a marked attenuation of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (6.25 nM)-mediated release of extracellular DNA, which was unaffected by the ECEs. Similarly, CSE, but not the ECEs, inhibited the expression of CD62P by platelets activated with ADP (100 µM). Conclusions These observations suggest that ECE aerosols may inhibit some of the immuno-protective activities of neutrophils such as ROS production and elastase release by activated cells, the effect of which was not enhanced by inclusion of nicotine. The inhibitory effects of CSE were significantly more pronounced than those of ECEs, especially so for suppression of NET formation and platelet activation. If operative in vivo, these harmful immunosuppressive effects of ECEs may compromise intrinsic pulmonary antimicrobial defence mechanisms, albeit less so than cigarette smoke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guy A. Richards
- Division of Critical Care, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Annette J. Theron
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Iman van den Bout
- Centre of Neuroendocrinology, Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Ronald Anderson
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Charles Feldman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Richard van Zyl Smit
- Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Ju-Wei Chang
- Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Gregory R. Tintinger
- Department of Internal Medicine, Steve Biko Academic Hospital and Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Tran V, Mian M, Sreedharan S, Robertson R, Saha A, Tadakamadla SK, Lee K. Oral and Maxillofacial Injuries Associated With E-Cigarette Explosions: A Systematic Review and Management Guidelines Proposal. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2023; 81:583-592. [PMID: 36806607 DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2023.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE E-cigarettes have become increasingly popular devices used to consume nicotine in recent years. There is a growing body of evidence regarding the risk of spontaneous explosion of these devices causing burn and projectile injuries. The primary purpose of this review was to summarize all injuries to the oral and maxillofacial region secondary to explosion of e-cigarettes. The secondary purpose was to propose an initial management algorithm for such injuries based on the findings in the literature. This review also aims to test the hypothesis that e-cigarette explosive injuries to the oral region were associated with an increased risk of intubation and surgery and examine whether any other injury pattern was associated with an increased risk of intubation or surgery. METHODS A cohort study based on identifying cases in the literature was conducted to summarize injuries to the oral and maxillofacial region and examine the associations between injury types and location and management. A literature search of the major biomedical databases was conducted in September 2022 using terms such as e-cigarette, explosion, blast, trauma, and burn, among others, which yielded 922 studies. Nonclinical studies, review articles, and studies without injuries to the facial region were excluded. Study subjects were recorded for demographics, device characteristics, injury mechanism, injury location, management, and complications. Chi-squared analysis was used to determine if the predictor variables of type of injury (burn or projectile) and its associated location (ocular, facial, or intraoral for burns and facial thirds for projectile) were associated with the outcomes of intubation and surgical management. The collected data were then used as a guide to propose an initial management algorithm for these injuries. RESULTS Twenty eight studies, including 20 case reports and 8 case series met the inclusion criteria. A total of 32 explosions of e-cigarettes to 32 patients caused 105 recorded injuries to the facial region. Projectile injuries made up 73.3% (n = 77) of all facial injuries, while burn injuries made up of 26.7% (n = 28). There were 14 (43.8%) patients who suffered both projectile and burn injuries. Burn injuries mostly involved the face (64.3%, n = 18), oral cavity (25%, n = 7), and eye (10.7%, n = 7). The majority (81.8%, n = 63) of projectile injuries occurred in the lower facial third. There were 20 (62.5%) patients who suffered a bone or tooth fracture. Management of injuries involved surgery in 62.5% (n = 20) of patients, which included open reduction and internal fixation of fractures, dental extraction, bone and skin grafts, and ocular surgery. A complication rate of 44.4% (n = 8) was observed across studies that reported on follow-up. There was no statistically significant association between explosive injury to the oral region and intubation or surgical management. There was also no other statistically significant association between any other injury type and location with intubation or surgical management. CONCLUSIONS E-cigarettes are at risk for spontaneous combustion that can cause serious oral and maxillofacial injuries, particularly to the lower facial third and commonly requiring surgical management. Safety of these devices should be improved through increased user education and regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Tran
- Master of Philosophy Candidate, Department of Rural Clinical Sciences, La Trobe Rural Health School, La Trobe University, Bendigo, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Mustafa Mian
- Resident Medical Officer, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Subhashaan Sreedharan
- Resident Medical Officer, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ross Robertson
- Resident Medical Officer, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anik Saha
- Oral and Maxillofacial Registrar, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Santosh Kumar Tadakamadla
- Discipline Lead of Dentistry, Associate Professor, Department of Rural Clinical Sciences, La Trobe Rural Health School, La Trobe University, Bendigo, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kai Lee
- Associate Professor, Consultant Oral & Maxillofacial Surgeon, Department of Rural Clinical Sciences, La Trobe Rural Health School, La Trobe University, Bendigo, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Lee J, Olayinka O, Thrul J. Association between pain and e-cigarette use stratified by cigarette smoking status: Results from National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) 2019-2020. Addict Behav 2023; 140:107625. [PMID: 36731225 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2023.107625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Previous studies have shown frequent co-morbidities between pain and tobacco use. However, the investigation in use of e-cigarettes, a relatively new tobacco product, at the intersection of pain and cigarette smoking is still lacking. This study used a US national dataset to examine associations between pain experience (pain lasting 3 months) and e-cigarette use, stratified by cigarette smoking status. METHODS This study used a pooled dataset of the 2019 and 2020 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) (N = 63,565). We estimated multivariable binomial logistic regressions predicting current e-cigarette use by pain experience, after controlling for survey year, age, sex, race/ethnicity, sexual orientation, education level, health insurance status, other tobacco use, diagnosis of anxiety and depression, use of pain management methods (e.g., physical therapy, behavioral therapy), and prescribed opioid pain reliever use among the overall population, and stratified by cigarette smoking status - never, former, and current cigarette smoking. RESULTS After controlling for covariates, past-3-month pain experience was associated with current e-cigarette use (aOR = 1.26; 95 % CI = 1.08, 1.46) in the overall population. When stratified by current cigarette smoking, pain experience was associated with current e-cigarette use among current combustible cigarette smokers (aOR = 1.62, 95 % CI = 1.20, 2.18). However, there was no significant difference in e-cigarette use by pain experience among non-current cigarette smokers (p = 0.103). CONCLUSIONS We observed a higher likelihood of e-cigarette use among US adults experiencing pain. Future studies are needed to investigate mechanisms linking pain and e-cigarette use to inform smoking/vaping prevention and cessation interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juhan Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Olaniyi Olayinka
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Johannes Thrul
- Department of Mental Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, USA; Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Yang I, Rodriguez J, Young Wright C, Hu YJ. Oral microbiome of electronic cigarette users: A cross-sectional exploration. Oral Dis 2023; 29:1875-1884. [PMID: 35285123 PMCID: PMC10909585 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Electronic cigarettes have increased in popularity globally. Vaping may be associated with oral symptoms and pathologies including dental and periodontal damage, both of which have an underlying microbial etiology. The primary aim of this pilot study, therefore, was to compare the oral microbiome of vapers and non-vapers. SUBJECTS AND METHODS This secondary data analysis had a cross-sectional comparative descriptive design and included data for 36 adults. Bacterial 16S rRNA genes were extracted and amplified from soft tissue oral swab specimens and taxonomically classified using the Human Oral Microbiome Database. RESULTS Data for 18 vapers and 18 non-vapers were included in this study. Almost 56% of the vapers also smoked conventional cigarettes. Beta diversity differences were identified between vapers and non-vapers. Vapers had a significantly higher relative abundance of an unclassified species of Veillonella compared with non-vapers. Dual users had higher alpha diversity compared with exclusive vapers. Beta diversity was also associated with dual use. Multiple OTUs were identified to be associated with dual use of e-cigarettes and conventional cigarettes. CONCLUSIONS Vapers exhibit an altered oral microbiome. Dual use of electronic cigarettes and conventional cigarettes is associated with the presence of several known pathogenic microbes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irene Yang
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jeannie Rodriguez
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Christa Young Wright
- Chemical Insights Research Institute of Underwriters Laboratories, Marietta, Georgia, USA
| | - Yi-Juan Hu
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Mamudu HM, Adzrago D, Dada O, Odame EA, Ahuja M, Awasthi M, Weierbach FM, Williams F, Stewart DW, Paul TK. Examining Disparities in Current E-Cigarette Use among U.S. Adults before and after the WHO Declaration of the COVID-19 Pandemic in March 2020. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:ijerph20095649. [PMID: 37174168 PMCID: PMC10177985 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20095649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
This paper aims to estimate the prevalence of e-cigarette use before and after the COVID-19 pandemic declaration and to delineate disparities in use across subpopulations. Data were derived from the 2020 Health Information National Trends Survey (N = 3865) to conduct weighted multivariable logistic regression and marginal analyses. The overall prevalence of current e-cigarette use increased from 4.79% to 8.63% after the COVID-19 pandemic declaration. Furthermore, non-Hispanic Black people and Hispanic people had lower odds of current e-cigarette use than non-Hispanic White people, but no significant differences were observed between groups before the pandemic. Compared to heterosexual participants, sexual minority (SM) participants had higher odds of current e-cigarette use after the declaration, with insignificant differences before. People who had cardiovascular disease conditions, relative to those without, had higher odds of current e-cigarette use after the declaration, but no group differences were found before the declaration. The marginal analyses showed that before and after the pandemic declaration, SM individuals had a significantly higher probability of using e-cigarettes compared to heterosexual individuals. These findings suggest the importance of adopting a subpopulation approach to understand and develop initiatives to address substance use, such as e-cigarettes, during pandemics and other public health emergencies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hadii M Mamudu
- College of Public Health, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
- Center for Cardiovascular Risk Research, College of Public Health, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
| | - David Adzrago
- Center for Health Promotion and Prevention Research and School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Oluwabunmi Dada
- Department of Occupational Safety and Health, Murray State University, 157 Industry and Technology Center, Murray, KY 42071, USA
| | - Emmanuel A Odame
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Ryals Public Health Building (RPHB), University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1665 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Manik Ahuja
- College of Public Health, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
- Center for Cardiovascular Risk Research, College of Public Health, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
| | - Manul Awasthi
- College of Public Health, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
- Center for Cardiovascular Risk Research, College of Public Health, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
| | - Florence M Weierbach
- Center for Cardiovascular Risk Research, College of Public Health, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
- College of Nursing, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
| | - Faustine Williams
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - David W Stewart
- Center for Cardiovascular Risk Research, College of Public Health, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
- Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
| | - Timir K Paul
- Center for Cardiovascular Risk Research, College of Public Health, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
- Division of Medicine, University of Tennessee at Nashville/Ascension Saint Thomas Hospital, Nashville, TN 37205, USA
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Montjean D, Godin Pagé MH, Bélanger MC, Benkhalifa M, Miron P. An Overview of E-Cigarette Impact on Reproductive Health. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13030827. [PMID: 36983982 PMCID: PMC10053939 DOI: 10.3390/life13030827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are often considered a "safe substitute" for conventional cigarette cessation. The composition of the fluid is not always clearly defined and shows a large variation within brands and manufacturers. More than 80 compounds were detected in liquids and aerosols. E-cigarettes contain nicotine, and the addition of flavorings increases the toxicity of e-cigarette vapour in a significant manner. The heat generated by the e-cigarette leads to the oxidation and decomposition of its components, eventually forming harmful constituents in the inhaled vapour. The effects of these toxicants on male and female reproduction are well established in conventional cigarette smokers. Although toxins were measured at much lower levels in e-cigarette aerosols compared to smoke from a conventional cigarette, there are concerns about their potential impact on male and female reproduction. The information available was mainly obtained from studies conducted in animal models, and investigations in humans are scarce. However, the effects observed in animal models suggest that caution should be taken when vaping and that more research needs to be conducted to identify its potential adverse effects on fertility. The prevalence of e-cigarette usage is alarming, and warnings should be made about the impact of vaping on reproductive health. This document reviews the data regarding the impact of e-cigarette use on male and female reproduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Debbie Montjean
- Fertilys Fertility Center, 1950 Maurice-Gauvin Street, Laval, QC H7S 1Z5, Canada
| | | | - Marie-Claire Bélanger
- Fertilys Fertility Center, 1950 Maurice-Gauvin Street, Laval, QC H7S 1Z5, Canada
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), CHUM Research Center, 900 Saint-Denis Street, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Moncef Benkhalifa
- Fertilys Fertility Center, 1950 Maurice-Gauvin Street, Laval, QC H7S 1Z5, Canada
- Médecine et Biologie de la Reproduction et Laboratoire PERITOX, Université Picardie Jules Verne, CBH-CHU Amiens Picardie, 1 Rond-Point du Professeur Christian Cabrol, 80054 Amiens, France
| | - Pierre Miron
- Fertilys Fertility Center, 1950 Maurice-Gauvin Street, Laval, QC H7S 1Z5, Canada
- Institut National de Recherche Scientifique-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, 531 Boulevard des Prairies, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Johne S, van der Toorn M, Iskandar AR, Majeed S, Torres LO, Hoeng J, Peitsch MC. An in vitro evaluation of e-vapor products: The contributions of chemical adulteration, concentration, and device power. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 175:113708. [PMID: 36889430 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Homemade e-liquids and power-adjustable vaping devices may carry higher risks than commercial formulations and fixed-power devices. This study used human macrophage-like and bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cell cultures to investigate toxicity of homemade e-liquids containing propylene glycol and vegetable glycerin (PG/VG), nicotine, vitamin E acetate (VEA), medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs), phytol, and cannabidiol (CBD). SmallAir™ organotypic epithelial cultures were exposed to aerosols generated at different power settings (10-50 W). Carbonyl levels were measured, and endpoints reflecting epithelial function (ciliary beating frequency [CBF]), integrity (transepithelial electrical resistance [TEER]), and structure (histology) were investigated. Treatment with nicotine or VEA alone or with PG/VG did not impact cell viability. CBD, phytol, and lauric acid caused cytotoxicity in both culture systems and increased lipid-laden macrophages. Exposure of SmallAir™ organotypic cultures to CBD-containing aerosols resulted in tissue injury and loss of CBF and TEER, while PG/VG alone or with nicotine or VEA did not. Aerosols generated with higher power settings had higher carbonyl concentrations. In conclusion, the presence and concentration of certain chemicals and device power may induce cytotoxicity in vitro. These results raise concerns that power-adjustable devices may generate toxic compounds and suggest that toxicity assessments should be conducted for both e-liquid formulations and their aerosols.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Johne
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
| | - Marco van der Toorn
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Anita R Iskandar
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Shoaib Majeed
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Laura O Torres
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Julia Hoeng
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Manuel C Peitsch
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Li W, Osibogun O, Gautam P, Li T, Cano MÁ, Maziak W. Effect of harm perception on ENDS initiation among US adolescents and young adults: Longitudinal findings from the population assessment of tobacco and health (PATH) study, 2013-2018. Drug Alcohol Depend 2023; 244:109784. [PMID: 36706674 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2023.109784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigates how ENDS harm perception influences ENDS initiation over time among US young people. METHODS Data were from the sample of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study conducted from 2013 to 2018. The Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to assess the relationship between absolute (the perception of harm from ENDS only) and relative harm perception (ENDS' harm relative to cigarettes) and ENDS initiation among adolescents (12-17 years) and young adults (18-24 years) separately. Harm perception was assessed at the wave before ENDS initiation in a subsequent wave. Weighted results were reported. RESULTS Of the 11,633 adolescents and 5089 young adults from baseline, 17.1% and 25.5% initiated ENDS use across four waves, respectively. Among adolescents (HR=2.31; 95%CI: 1.95-2.73) and young adults (HR=1.97; 95%CI: 1.69-2.30), perceiving lower relative harm of ENDS significantly predicted ENDS initiation in subsequent waves. Among adolescents, perceiving lower absolute harm of ENDS (HR=2.18; 95%CI: 1.83-2.60) predicted ENDS initiation in subsequent waves. Additionally, adolescents and young adults who ever used any other tobacco products or alcohol and lived with anyone who used tobacco were more likely to initiate ENDS use. CONCLUSIONS Among a representative longitudinal cohort of adolescents and young adults who had never used ENDS at baseline, perceiving ENDS as reduced or low-harm products significantly predicted ENDS initiation in subsequent waves. These findings underscore the importance of ENDS harm perception and the central role of risk communication strategies that need to target those young people at particular risk of unwarranted ENDS use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Olatokunbo Osibogun
- Department of Epidemiology, Robert Stempel College of Public Health, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Prem Gautam
- Department of Epidemiology, Robert Stempel College of Public Health, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Tan Li
- Department of Biostatistics, Robert Stempel College of Public Health, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Miguel Ángel Cano
- Department of Epidemiology, Robert Stempel College of Public Health, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Wasim Maziak
- Department of Epidemiology, Robert Stempel College of Public Health, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA; Syrian Center for Tobacco Studies, Aleppo, Syrian Arab Republic
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Ng DQ, Ritt-Olson A, Freyer DR, Miller KA, Thomas SM, Milam J, Chan A. Substance Use Among Young Adult Survivors of Childhood Cancer With Cognitive Impairment: An Analysis of the Project Forward Cohort. JCO Oncol Pract 2023; 19:e345-e354. [PMID: 36508698 PMCID: PMC10022886 DOI: 10.1200/op.22.00458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Young adult childhood cancer survivors (YACCSs) are often impacted by cancer-related cognitive impairment (CRCI) and psychological distress. Using the Project Forward Cohort, we evaluated the relationship between CRCI and substance use behaviors. METHODS YACCSs were surveyed between 2015 and 2018 (N = 1,106, female = 50.8%, Hispanic = 51.5%, median age = 25.5 years). Associations between CRCI and substance use (tobacco, binge drinking, marijuana, prescription drug misuse, and e-cigarette/vaporizer) were examined in multivariate logistic or log-binomial regressions, adjusting for child at diagnosis (0-14 years), years since diagnosis, sex, race/ethnicity, cancer type, and treatment intensity. Mediation analysis was performed to determine opportunities for interventions. RESULTS CRCI was reported by 144 (13.0%) survivors. The highest prevalence was observed in CNS cancers (25.4%) and leukemia (13.3%) survivors. After covariate adjustment, CRCI was associated with 2.26 times the odds of prior 30-day vaping (95% CI, 1.24 to 4.11; P = .007). Mediators with significant indirect effects in the CRCI-vaping relationship include depressive symptoms (Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale) and having two or more cancer-related late effects (P < .05). CONCLUSION CRCI among YACCSs was associated with reports of vaping. Oncologists should screen for vaping behavior if CRCI is apparent. Increasing access to long-term follow-up clinics, addressing physical and mental health issues, and monitoring and educating on vaping and other substance use behaviors is recommended to improve the long-term health of YACCSs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ding Quan Ng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA
| | - Anamara Ritt-Olson
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - David R. Freyer
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
- USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Kimberly A. Miller
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Dermatology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Stefanie M. Thomas
- Pediatric Hematology Oncology and Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Joel Milam
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA
| | - Alexandre Chan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Kundu A, Kouzoukas E, Zawertailo L, Fougere C, Dragonetti R, Selby P, Schwartz R. Scoping review of guidance on cessation interventions for electronic cigarettes and dual electronic and combustible cigarettes use. CMAJ Open 2023; 11:E336-E344. [PMID: 37072138 PMCID: PMC10118292 DOI: 10.9778/cmajo.20210325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although evidence-based smoking cessation guidelines are available, the applicability of these guidelines for the cessation of electronic cigarette and dual e-cigarette and combustible cigarette use is not yet established. In this review, we aimed to identify current evidence or recommendations for cessation interventions for e-cigarette users and dual users tailored to adolescents, youth and adults, and to provide direction for future research. METHODS We systematically searched MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO and grey literature for publications that provided evidence or recommendations on vaping cessation for e-cigarette users and complete cessation of cigarette and e-cigarette use for dual users. We excluded publications focused on smoking cessation, harm reduction by e-cigarettes, cannabis vaping, and management of lung injury associated with e-cigarette or vaping use. Data were extracted on general characteristics and recommendations made in the publications, and different critical appraisal tools were used for quality assessment. RESULTS A total of 13 publications on vaping cessation interventions were included. Most articles were youth-focused, and behavioural counselling and nicotine replacement therapy were the most recommended interventions. Whereas 10 publications were appraised as "high quality" evidence, 5 articles adapted evidence from evaluation of smoking cessation. No study was found on complete cessation of cigarettes and e-cigarettes for dual users. INTERPRETATION There is little evidence in support of effective vaping cessation interventions and no evidence for dual use cessation interventions. For an evidence-based cessation guideline, clinical trials should be rigorously designed to evaluate the effectiveness of behavioural interventions and medications for e-cigarette and dual use cessation among different subpopulations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anasua Kundu
- Institute of Medical Science (Kundu), University of Toronto; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Kouzoukas, Zawertailo, Fougere, Dragonetti, Selby, Schwartz); Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology (Zawertailo), and Family and Community Medicine (Dragonetti, Selby), and Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Schwartz), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.
| | - Erika Kouzoukas
- Institute of Medical Science (Kundu), University of Toronto; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Kouzoukas, Zawertailo, Fougere, Dragonetti, Selby, Schwartz); Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology (Zawertailo), and Family and Community Medicine (Dragonetti, Selby), and Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Schwartz), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - Laurie Zawertailo
- Institute of Medical Science (Kundu), University of Toronto; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Kouzoukas, Zawertailo, Fougere, Dragonetti, Selby, Schwartz); Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology (Zawertailo), and Family and Community Medicine (Dragonetti, Selby), and Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Schwartz), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - Chantal Fougere
- Institute of Medical Science (Kundu), University of Toronto; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Kouzoukas, Zawertailo, Fougere, Dragonetti, Selby, Schwartz); Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology (Zawertailo), and Family and Community Medicine (Dragonetti, Selby), and Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Schwartz), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - Rosa Dragonetti
- Institute of Medical Science (Kundu), University of Toronto; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Kouzoukas, Zawertailo, Fougere, Dragonetti, Selby, Schwartz); Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology (Zawertailo), and Family and Community Medicine (Dragonetti, Selby), and Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Schwartz), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - Peter Selby
- Institute of Medical Science (Kundu), University of Toronto; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Kouzoukas, Zawertailo, Fougere, Dragonetti, Selby, Schwartz); Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology (Zawertailo), and Family and Community Medicine (Dragonetti, Selby), and Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Schwartz), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - Robert Schwartz
- Institute of Medical Science (Kundu), University of Toronto; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Kouzoukas, Zawertailo, Fougere, Dragonetti, Selby, Schwartz); Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology (Zawertailo), and Family and Community Medicine (Dragonetti, Selby), and Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Schwartz), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Kandhola A, Daher N, Williams T, Lopez D, Tan LD, Alismail A. Measurement and changes of exhaled nitric oxide fraction while vaping with a brief education intervention session. ERJ Open Res 2023; 9:00327-2022. [PMID: 36891076 PMCID: PMC9986755 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00327-2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A brief, 15-min education intervention session might be helpful to highlight the dangers of vaping and aid in cessation. In addition, post-washout period (15 min), F ENO levels increased significantly. https://bit.ly/3Xu4X5Y.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arshdeep Kandhola
- Department of Cardiopulmonary Sciences, School of Allied Health Professions, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Noha Daher
- Allied Health Studies, School of Allied Health Professions, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Taylor Williams
- Department of Cardiopulmonary Sciences, School of Allied Health Professions, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - David Lopez
- Department of Cardiopulmonary Sciences, School of Allied Health Professions, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Laren D Tan
- Department of Cardiopulmonary Sciences, School of Allied Health Professions, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, CA, USA.,Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Abdullah Alismail
- Department of Cardiopulmonary Sciences, School of Allied Health Professions, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, CA, USA.,Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Luca AC, Curpăn AȘ, Iordache AC, Mîndru DE, Țarcă E, Luca FA, Pădureț IA. Cardiotoxicity of Electronic Cigarettes and Heat-Not-Burn Tobacco Products-A Problem for the Modern Pediatric Cardiologist. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11040491. [PMID: 36833024 PMCID: PMC9957306 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11040491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) have become increasingly popular among adolescents, either as an alternative to conventional cigarettes (CCs) or as a newly acquired recreational habit. Although considered by most users as a safer option for nicotine intake, these devices pose significant health risks, resulting in multisystem damage. Heat-not-burn products, which, unlike ENDS, contain tobacco, are also alternatives to CCs that consumers use based on the idea that their safety profile is superior to that of cigarettes. Recent studies in the USA and EU show that adolescents are particularly prone to using these devices. Pediatric cardiologists, as well as other healthcare professionals, should be aware of the complications that may arise from acute and chronic consumption of these substances, considering the cardiovascular damage they elicit. This article summarized the known data about the impact of ENDS on the cardiovascular system, with emphasis on the pathophysiological and molecular changes that herald the onset of systemic lesions alongside the clinical cardiovascular manifestations in this scenario.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alina-Costina Luca
- Sfânta Maria’ Emergency Children’s Hospital, 700309 Iași, Romania
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Gr. T. Popa’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
| | - Alexandrina-Ștefania Curpăn
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biology, “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University of Iași, Bd. Carol I, 20A, 700505 Iași, Romania
- Correspondence: (A.-Ș.C.); (E.Ț.)
| | - Alin-Constantin Iordache
- Department of Mother and Child Medicine–Pediatric Cardiology, “Grigore T. Popa”, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Iasi, 16 Universitatii Str., 700115 Iași, Romania
| | - Dana Elena Mîndru
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Gr. T. Popa’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
| | - Elena Țarcă
- Sfânta Maria’ Emergency Children’s Hospital, 700309 Iași, Romania
- Department of Surgery II—Pediatric Surgery, Grigore T. Popa’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
- Correspondence: (A.-Ș.C.); (E.Ț.)
| | - Florin-Alexandru Luca
- Department BMTM, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, 700050 Iaşi, Romania
| | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Mat Salleh R, Baharom N, Siau CS, Chan CMH, Amit N, Sia PY, Wee LH. E-Cigarette Users' Profiles and Their Association with Identified Impacts of COVID-19 on Vaping among Young Adults in Malaysia. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11030434. [PMID: 36767009 PMCID: PMC9914650 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11030434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Electronic cigarettes (ECs) users' profiles and behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic remain unclear. This cross-sectional study aimed to explore Malaysian EC users' profiles and their associations with related behaviors during the pandemic. The EC users (N = 351) were recruited from an official national vape entity. Respondents were predominantly of Malay ethnicity (90.6%), aged 31 to 35 years (27.6%), males (97.7%), married (68.7%), from Malaysia's west region states (63.5%) and tertiary educated (69.2%). The majority (80.3%) were non-dual users, and most purchased their vaping products online (77.2%), liked that they can vape while working at home (83.8%) and vaped more because of boredom (55.3%), had low and moderate nicotine addiction levels (94.9%), had low motivation level to quit EC use (92.6%) and were more likely to perceive that vaping did not increase the chances of complications from COVID-19. Respondents with moderate to high addiction levels had twice the odds of checking on their current EC supplies, whilst respondents with low motivation to quit had higher odds of using their tank/pod until the last drop and distancing from others when vaping. EC users should be encouraged to quit EC use, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rawaida Mat Salleh
- Centre for Community Health Studies (ReaCH), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nizam Baharom
- Primer Care Health Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM), Bandar Baru Nilai, Nilai 71800, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Ching Sin Siau
- Centre for Community Health Studies (ReaCH), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Caryn Mei Hsien Chan
- Centre for Community Health Studies (ReaCH), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Noh Amit
- Centre for Community Health Studies (ReaCH), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Pei Yin Sia
- Centre for Community Health Studies (ReaCH), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Lei Hum Wee
- Centre for Community Health Studies (ReaCH), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Selangor, Malaysia
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylors University Lakeside Campus, No. 1 Jalan Taylor’s, Subang Jaya 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
- Correspondence: or
| |
Collapse
|