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Li D, Chia M, Low ST, Chua T, Ma J, Kim H, Zhang L, Tian L, Li X. Associations between sedentary types, sedentary patterns and cognitive ability in preschool children. Eur J Pediatr 2024:10.1007/s00431-024-05813-y. [PMID: 39387906 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-024-05813-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 09/29/2024] [Accepted: 10/04/2024] [Indexed: 10/15/2024]
Abstract
The preschool years are a critical period for developing cognitive abilities such as reasoning, memorization, comprehension, quick thinking, and problem-solving. Sedentary behavior (SB) is known to be associated with cognitive development in preschool children. However, limited research has focused on how different types of SB (active, passive) and sedentary patterns (bouts, breaks) affect preschool children's cognitive abilities. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate: (1) the relationship between sedentary types and preschoolers' cognitive abilities; and (2) the relationship between sedentary patterns and preschoolers' cognitive abilities. Preschoolers aged 3 to 6 years (n = 353) were recruited from 5 kindergartens in Changsha, Hunan, China. Sedentary types were reported by parents, sedentary patterns were measured by preschoolers wearing an ActiGraph wGT3X-BT for seven consecutive days, and cognitive abilities were assessed using the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI-IV). The relationships between variables were analyzed using multiple linear regression models. Non-screen-based active SB was associated with higher full-scale IQ and fluid reasoning index in boys and higher visual spatial index in girls. Screen-based active SB was negatively associated with overall cognitive ability. Passive SB potentially had a negative effect on overall cognitive ability, but screen-based passive SB was positively associated with higher fluid reasoning indices in girls. Preschoolers' cognitive ability was positively associated with sedentary breaks, but not with sedentary bouts. CONCLUSIONS Not all types of SB are equal when examining optimal cognitive development in preschoolers. Frequent breaks from sedentary time were associated with better cognitive development. Encouraging more frequent breaks to interrupt prolonged SB may be a viable strategy for reducing sedentary time to promote optimal cognitive development. These findings should be further validated in larger prospective studies. WHAT IS KNOWN • Sedentary behavior is not advantageous for cognitive development. WHAT IS NEW • Not all types of sedentary behavior are harmful. • Active sedentary behaviors are beneficial to overall cognitive development, but screen-based active sedentary behaviors may negatively impact some areas of cognitive performance. • Cognitive abilities in preschoolers are associated with sedentary breaks, but not with sedentary bouts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- School of Physical Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410012, China
| | - Michael Chia
- Physical Education & Sports Science, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637616, Singapore.
| | - Seow Ting Low
- Physical Education & Sports Science, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637616, Singapore
| | - Terence Chua
- Physical Education & Sports Science, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637616, Singapore
| | - Jiameng Ma
- Physical Education & Sports Science, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637616, Singapore
- Faculty of Physical Education, Sendai University, Miyagi, 9891693, Japan
| | - Hyunshik Kim
- Physical Education & Sports Science, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637616, Singapore
- Faculty of Physical Education, Sendai University, Miyagi, 9891693, Japan
| | - Lifang Zhang
- School of Sport Science, Changsha Normal University, Changsha, 410100, China
| | - Lili Tian
- Rongsheng Huayucheng Kindergarten, Changsha, 410100, China
| | - Xianxiong Li
- School of Physical Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410012, China.
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Tholl C, Soffner M, Froböse I. How strenuous is esports? Perceived physical exertion and physical state during competitive video gaming. Front Sports Act Living 2024; 6:1370485. [PMID: 39050793 PMCID: PMC11266069 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2024.1370485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Esports or competitive video gaming is a rapidly growing sector and an integral part of today's (youth) culture. Esports athletes are exposed to a variety of burdens, that can potentially impact an athlete's health and performance. Therefore, it is important that esports athletes are aware of (physical) burden and exertion associated with esports. For this purpose, a study was conducted to evaluate the influence of competitive video gaming on the perceived physical exertion and the perceived physical state (PEPS). Methods Thirty-two healthy male esports athletes participated in two competitive video gaming sessions lasting 90-120 min, interrupted by a 10-minute passive sitting break. Repeated measures of perceived physical exertion (Borg Categorial Ratio-10 scale) and perceived physical state were recorded before, during, and after each video game session. Repeated measures ANOVA and Friedman's test were used for statistical analysis. Results The results showed a significant difference in all dimensions of the PEPS (p < 0.05) as well as in Borg scale (p < 0.001). Post-hoc tests revealed significant increases in Borg scale between baseline measurements (T0: 1.0 ± 1.0) and after the first competitive video gaming session (T1: 2.4 ± 1.3, p < 0.001), as well as after the second competitive video gaming session (T3: 3.0 ± 1.7, p < 0.001). Furthermore, there was a significant reduction in perceived exertion between the measurement time after the first competitive video gaming session (T1) and the break (T2: 1.3 ± 1.2, p < 0.001). The PEPS dimensions activation, trained, and mobility showed similar significant changes in post-hoc analysis. Discussion The results indicate that the perceived physical burden significantly increases during esports participation. As the duration of competitive video gaming extends, the perceived physical state decreases and perceived physical exertion increases. A passive break between two video game sessions can at least partially restore physical exertion and physical state. However, this break neither returns the scores to their baseline levels nor prevents a further decline in scores during the second video game session. Over time and with a lack of observation, this could result in health and performance limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuck Tholl
- Department of Movement-Oriented Prevention and Rehabilitation Sciences, Institute of Movement Therapy and Movement-Oriented Prevention and Rehabilitation, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Markus Soffner
- Department of Sports Medicine, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Ingo Froböse
- Department of Movement-Oriented Prevention and Rehabilitation Sciences, Institute of Movement Therapy and Movement-Oriented Prevention and Rehabilitation, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Chandrasekaran B, Arumugam A, Pesola AJ, Davis F, Rao CR. Association of accelerometer measured sedentary behavior patterns with cognitive functions in sedentary office workers: Insights from SMART-STEP study. Work 2024:WOR240129. [PMID: 38968035 DOI: 10.3233/wor-240129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High levels of sedentary behavior in workplaces are currently recognized as an independent risk factor for cognitive dysfunction and poor mental health. However, sedentary patterns vary between workdays and non-workdays, which may influence cognitive functions. OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to quantify and compare work and nonwork device-measured sedentary time (ST) and its association with cognitive function in Indian office workers. METHODS In an ongoing randomized controlled trial (SMART-STEP), the baseline data of 136 full-time office workers, including accelerometer-measured sedentary patterns and cognitive functions, were analyzed. The ST was measured using a hip-worn accelerometer (Actigraph wGT3X-BT) for seven days, and executive functions were measured using computer-based tests. Linear regression models were employed to analyze the relationships between ST and executive function measures. RESULTS The median daily ST of Indian office workers was 11.41 hours. The ST was greater on both workdays (11.43 hrs.) and non-workdays (11.14 hrs.) though different (F = 6.76, p = 0.001, ηp2 = 0.032). Office workers accumulate more prolonged sitting bouts (+21.36 min) during work days than non-workdays. No associations between device-measured ST and executive functions were observed. CONCLUSION Indian office workers exhibited high ST patterns, especially on workdays. Although lower than workdays, Indian office workers exhibited more ST patterns during non-workdays than did their Western counterparts. Culturally adaptable workplace and leisure time physical activity interventions are needed to address the high ST of Indian office workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baskaran Chandrasekaran
- Department of Exercise and Sports Sciences, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Ashokan Arumugam
- Department of Physiotherapy, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Neuromusculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Group, RIMHS - Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Sustainable Engineering Asset Management Research Group, RISE - Research Institute of Sciences and Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Physiotherapy, Adjunct Faculty, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Arto J Pesola
- Active Life Lab, South-Eastern Finland University of Applied Sciences, Mikkeli, Finland
| | - Fiddy Davis
- Department of Kinesiology, Hope College, Holland
| | - Chythra R Rao
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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Fischetti F, Pepe I, Greco G, Ranieri M, Poli L, Cataldi S, Vimercati L. Ten-Minute Physical Activity Breaks Improve Attention and Executive Functions in Healthcare Workers. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2024; 9:102. [PMID: 38921638 PMCID: PMC11205001 DOI: 10.3390/jfmk9020102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Occupational health is a major problem in modern work environments. Physical activity breaks (PABs), short exercise periods delivered during working hours, incorporating exergames or outdoor activities, have emerged as a novel approach that could be used to improve work efficiency and workplace wellbeing. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the impact of PABs on attention levels and executive functions in healthcare workers. A total of 27 healthcare workers (M = 14, W = 13; 49.55 ± 12.46 years), after 4 h of work, randomly performed one of three 10 min conditions weekly in a counterbalanced order: No Physical Activity Break (NPAB); Outdoor Physical Activity Break (OPAB); Physical Activity Break with Exergame (PABEx). After the conditions, executive functions and selective attention were assessed by the Stroop Color and Word Test (SCWT), and the Trail Making A,B test (TMT A,B), respectively. Significant differences between OPAB and NPAB as well as between PABEx and NPAB in the TMT-A test χ2(2) = 44.66 (p < 0.001) and TMT-B test χ2(2) = 48.67 (p < 0.001) were found, respectively. TMT-A and SCWT interference/time scores of the PABEx and OPAB conditions were significantly lower than those of NPAB (p < 0.001). In the SCWT interference/error score, no significant difference was found between the PABEx and NPAB (p > 0.05), but the score was statistically lower in the OPAB condition than PABEx (p = 0.001) and PABEx condition compared to OPAB for TMT-A (p = 0.001). Findings showed that the OPAB and PABEx conditions are effective in improving selective attention and executive functions in healthcare workers. Employers can foster a healthier and more productive workforce by promoting a culture of movement and prioritizing employee health, which in turn can enhance patient care outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Fischetti
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience (DiBraiN), University of Study of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (F.F.); (I.P.); (M.R.); (L.P.)
| | - Ilaria Pepe
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience (DiBraiN), University of Study of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (F.F.); (I.P.); (M.R.); (L.P.)
| | - Gianpiero Greco
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience (DiBraiN), University of Study of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (F.F.); (I.P.); (M.R.); (L.P.)
| | - Maurizio Ranieri
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience (DiBraiN), University of Study of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (F.F.); (I.P.); (M.R.); (L.P.)
| | - Luca Poli
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience (DiBraiN), University of Study of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (F.F.); (I.P.); (M.R.); (L.P.)
| | - Stefania Cataldi
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience (DiBraiN), University of Study of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (F.F.); (I.P.); (M.R.); (L.P.)
| | - Luigi Vimercati
- Section of Occupational Medicine, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Study of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy;
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Nasir H, Dutheil F, Ramos I, Guirado T, de Saint-Vincent S, Thivel D, Metz L, Duclos M. Effects of portable pedal machines at work on lipoprotein subfraction profile in sedentary workers - the REMOVE study. Lipids Health Dis 2024; 23:105. [PMID: 38616275 PMCID: PMC11016206 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-024-02098-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sedentary behaviour at work is a major cause of atherosclerosis, particularly in tertiary workers. However, no studies have ever assessed the effect of active workstation on lipoprotein subfraction profile. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of 12-week portable pedal machines (PPMs) on lipoprotein subfraction profile among healthy sedentary workers. METHODS Healthy administrative workers were randomized into an intervention group using PPMs for 12 weeks or a control group using normal-desk. Lipoprotein subfractions were assessed using Lipoprint® electrophoresis. Main outcomes were explored using mixed models with sensitivity analyses (four models). RESULTS We included 40 participants (43.7 ± 8.6 years old, 100% women, BMI 23.8 ± 3.4 kg/m2; sedentary time at work 7.7 ± 1.8 h/day). Groups did not differ at baseline in any outcomes. 32 participants finished the trial. Changes in lipoprotein subfractions were especially marked for LDL profile. There was an interaction time x group for all parameters related to LDL and their subfractions: total LDL-cholesterol (p = 0.012), LDL particle size (p = 0.027), large LDL subfractions 1 and 2 (p = 0.001), and small dense LDL subfractions 3 to 7 (p = 0.046), using the crude model. The interaction reflects difference in the direction of changes between groups. The LDL particle size significantly increased in the intervention group (from 271.9 ± 2.5 at t0 to 272.8 ± 1.9 Ångström at t1, p = 0.037) while it did not change in the control group (272.5 ± 1.7 at t0 to 271.8 ± 1.5Å at t1, p = 0.52). All interactions were constantly significant whatever the models. Influencing variables were mainly stress at work that was associated with an increase in total LDL-cholesterol (coefficient 3.15, 95CI 0.20 to 6.11 mg/dl, p = 0.038), and BMI that was associated with Large-LDL, Large-HDL, IDL-C and triglycerides. CONCLUSIONS Lipoprotein profile was improved after a 12-week PPMs intervention at work in healthy administrative workers. Changes were mainly showed for LDL and LDL subfractions. Lipoprotein profile was worsened by stress at work, BMI and age. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT04153214.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hijrah Nasir
- Laboratory of the Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise under Physiological and Pathological Conditions (AME2P), Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Frederic Dutheil
- CNRS, LaPSCo, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Ines Ramos
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, DRCI, Biostatistics, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Terry Guirado
- Laboratory of the Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise under Physiological and Pathological Conditions (AME2P), CRNH, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - David Thivel
- Laboratory of the Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise under Physiological and Pathological Conditions (AME2P), CRNH, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Lore Metz
- Laboratory of the Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise under Physiological and Pathological Conditions (AME2P), CRNH, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Martine Duclos
- INRAE, UNH, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Department of Sport Medicine and Functional Exploration, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Zou L, Herold F, Cheval B, Wheeler MJ, Pindus DM, Erickson KI, Raichlen DA, Alexander GE, Müller NG, Dunstan DW, Kramer AF, Hillman CH, Hallgren M, Ekelund U, Maltagliati S, Owen N. Sedentary behavior and lifespan brain health. Trends Cogn Sci 2024; 28:369-382. [PMID: 38431428 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2024.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Higher levels of physical activity are known to benefit aspects of brain health across the lifespan. However, the role of sedentary behavior (SB) is less well understood. In this review we summarize and discuss evidence on the role of SB on brain health (including cognitive performance, structural or functional brain measures, and dementia risk) for different age groups, critically compare assessment approaches to capture SB, and offer insights into emerging opportunities to assess SB via digital technologies. Across the lifespan, specific characteristics of SB (particularly whether they are cognitively active or cognitively passive) potentially act as moderators influencing the associations between SB and specific brain health outcomes. We outline challenges and opportunities for future research aiming to provide more robust empirical evidence on these observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liye Zou
- Body-Brain-Mind Laboratory, School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Fabian Herold
- Body-Brain-Mind Laboratory, School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China; Research Group Degenerative and Chronic Diseases, Movement, Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Boris Cheval
- Department of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, Ecole Normale Supérieure Rennes, Bruz, France; Laboratory VIPS2, University of Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Michael J Wheeler
- Physical Activity Laboratory, Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Dominika M Pindus
- Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Kirk I Erickson
- AdventHealth Research Institute, Department of Neuroscience, AdventHealth, Orlando, FL, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - David A Raichlen
- Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; Department of Anthropology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Gene E Alexander
- BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; Physiological Sciences Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ85721, USA
| | - Notger G Müller
- Research Group Degenerative and Chronic Diseases, Movement, Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - David W Dunstan
- Physical Activity Laboratory, Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Arthur F Kramer
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Center for Cognitive and Brain Health, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Charles H Hillman
- Center for Cognitive and Brain Health, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Department of Physical Therapy, Movement, & Rehabilitation Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Mats Hallgren
- Epidemiology of Psychiatric Conditions, Substance Use and Social Environment (EPiCSS), Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Ulf Ekelund
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway; Department of Chronic Diseases and Ageing, The Norwegian Institute for Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Silvio Maltagliati
- Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Neville Owen
- Physical Activity Laboratory, Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Centre for Urban Transitions, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Vähä-Ypyä H, Husu P, Sievänen H, Vasankari T. Measurement of Sedentary Behavior-The Outcomes of the Angle for Posture Estimation (APE) Method. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:2241. [PMID: 38610452 PMCID: PMC11014150 DOI: 10.3390/s24072241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Hip-worn accelerometers are commonly used to assess habitual physical activity, but their accuracy in precisely measuring sedentary behavior (SB) is generally considered low. The angle for postural estimation (APE) method has shown promising accuracy in SB measurement. This method relies on the constant nature of Earth's gravity and the assumption that walking posture is typically upright. This study investigated how cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and body mass index (BMI) are related to APE output. A total of 3475 participants with adequate accelerometer wear time were categorized into three groups according to CRF or BMI. Participants in low CRF and high BMI groups spent more time in reclining and lying postures (APE ≥ 30°) and less time in sitting and standing postures (APE < 30°) than the other groups. Furthermore, the strongest partial Spearman correlation with CRF (r = 0.284) and BMI (r = -0.320) was observed for APE values typical for standing. The findings underscore the utility of the APE method in studying associations between SB and health outcomes. Importantly, this study emphasizes the necessity of reserving the term "sedentary behavior" for studies wherein the classification of SB is based on both intensity and posture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henri Vähä-Ypyä
- The UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, 33500 Tampere, Finland; (P.H.); (H.S.); (T.V.)
| | - Pauliina Husu
- The UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, 33500 Tampere, Finland; (P.H.); (H.S.); (T.V.)
| | - Harri Sievänen
- The UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, 33500 Tampere, Finland; (P.H.); (H.S.); (T.V.)
| | - Tommi Vasankari
- The UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, 33500 Tampere, Finland; (P.H.); (H.S.); (T.V.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33014 Tampere, Finland
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You Y. Accelerometer-measured physical activity and sedentary behaviour are associated with C-reactive protein in US adults who get insufficient sleep: A threshold and isotemporal substitution effect analysis. J Sports Sci 2024; 42:527-536. [PMID: 38695324 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2024.2348906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/15/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the association between physical activity, sedentary behaviour and chronic inflammation in short sleep adults. The study included 2,113 NHANES participants with self-reported insufficient sleep. C-reactive protein (CRP) was used as the inflammatory biomarker. Physical activity and sedentary behaviour were objectively measured by accelerometers. Weighted regression model, two - piecewise linear regression model, and restricted cubic splines were applied to evaluate associations mentioned above. An isotemporal substitution model was used to assess the modelled effects of replacing sedentary time (ST) with moderate-to-vigorous levels of physical activity (MVPA) or light physical activity (LPA). After adjusting for potential confounding factors, higher levels of ST and lower levels of LPA or MVPA were associated with higher CRP levels. Isotemporal substitution analysis indicated that replacing 30 minutes of ST with 30 minutes of MVPA was associated with a significant decrease in CRP levels. Saturation analysis suggested that the association between MVPA and CRP may plateau at over 20 minutes of MVPA per day. Findings of this study provides insight into the potential benefits of replacing ST with MVPA. This study also suggests that increasing MVPA beyond a certain point may not provide additional anti-inflammatory benefits in a short sleep population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanwei You
- Division of Sports Science & Physical Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- School of Social Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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Van Oeckel V, Poppe L, Deforche B, Brondeel R, Miatton M, Verloigne M. Associations of habitual sedentary time with executive functioning and short-term memory in 7th and 8th grade adolescents. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:495. [PMID: 38365719 PMCID: PMC10870470 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18014-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While there is increasing evidence for negative physical health consequences of high volumes of sedentary time and prolonged sedentary time in adolescents, the association with cognition is less clear. This study investigated the association of volumes of habitual sedentary time and prolonged sedentary time with executive functions and short-term memory in adolescents. METHODS This study has a cross-sectional observational study design. Volumes of sedentary time and prolonged sedentary time (accumulated sedentary time spent in bouts of ≥ 30 min) were measured using the Axivity AX3 accelerometer. Six cognitive functions (spatial and verbal short-term memory; and working memory, visuospatial working memory, response inhibition and planning as executive functions) were measured using six validated cognitive assessments. Data were analysed using generalised linear models. RESULTS Data of 119 adolescents were analysed (49% boys, 13.4 ± 0.6 year). No evidence for an association of volumes of sedentary time and prolonged sedentary time with spatial and verbal short-term memory, working memory, and visuospatial working memory was found. Volumes of sedentary time and prolonged sedentary time were significantly related to planning. One hour more sedentary time or prolonged sedentary time per day was associated with respectively on average 17.7% (95% C.I.: 3.5-29.7%) and 12.1% (95% C.I.: 3.9-19.6%) lower scores on the planning task. CONCLUSIONS No evidence was found for an association of volumes of habitual sedentary time and prolonged sedentary time with short-term memory and executive functions, except for planning. Furthermore, the context of sedentary activities could be an important confounder in the association of sedentary time and prolonged sedentary time with cognition among adolescents. Future research should therefore collect data on the context of sedentary activities. TRIAL REGISTRATION This study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov in January 2020 (NCT04327414; released on March 11, 2020).
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Affiliation(s)
- Veerle Van Oeckel
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Louise Poppe
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Benedicte Deforche
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ruben Brondeel
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Sciensano, Juliette Wytsmanstraat 14, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marijke Miatton
- Department of Neurology, Ghent University Hospital, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Head and Skin, Ghent University, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Maïté Verloigne
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
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Bonnet CT, Cheval B. Sitting vs. standing: an urgent need to rebalance our world. Health Psychol Rev 2023; 17:673-694. [PMID: 36412920 DOI: 10.1080/17437199.2022.2150673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
During their activities of daily living, humans run, walk, stand, sit and lie down. Recent changes in our environment have favored sedentary behavior over more physically active behavior to such a degree that our health is in danger. Here, we sought to address the problem of excessive time spent seated from various theoretical viewpoints, including postural control, human factors engineering, human history and health psychology. If nothing is done now, the high prevalence of sitting will continue to increase. We make a case for the standing position by demonstrating that spending more time upright can mitigate the physiological and psychological problems associated with excessive sitting without lowering task performance and productivity. The psychological literature even highlights potential benefits of performing certain tasks in the standing position. We propose a number of recommendations on spending more time (but not too much) in the standing position and on more active, nonambulatory behaviors. There is a need to inform people about (i) harmful consequences of excessive sitting and (ii) benefits of spending more time performing active, nonambulatory behaviors. One clear benefit is to reduce detrimental health consequences of excessive sitting and to provide potential additional benefits in terms of productivity and performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cédrick T Bonnet
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 9193 - SCALab - Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Boris Cheval
- Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Laboratory for the Study of Emotion Elicitation and Expression (E3Lab), Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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11
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Domal SV, Chandrasekaran B, Palanisamy HP. Influence of smartphone-based physical activity intervention on executive functions and cardiometabolic disease risk in obese young adults: a pilot randomised controlled trial. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2023; 22:619-628. [PMID: 37255799 PMCID: PMC10225455 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-023-01182-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Smartphone is an impending solution to influence long-term behavior change, including physical activity; however, the evidence regarding personalized prescription remains mixed in obese. We aimed to explore the influence of smartphone-based physical activity promotion on weight loss and cognitive functions in obese young adults. Methods In our pilot randomised controlled trial, 24 obese adults were randomized to two conditions: (1) EXI group receiving a smartphone-application based personalized physical activity prescription; (2) CONT group continuing their routine work for eight weeks. Executive functions and cardiometabolic risk variables [body and fat mass, waist circumference (WC), blood pressure (BP)] and executive functions were measured before and after eight weeks. Results Our study findings revealed a significant improvement in reaction times with overall (H = 7.71, p = 0.005), congruent stimuli (H = 4.43, p = 0.03) and incongruent stimuli (H = 5.35, p = 0.02) between groups. Though EXI participants reduced their fat mass by 5.07 kg more than CONT group users after eight weeks, the findings were statistically insignificant. Similarly, our study did not find significant differences in body mass, WC, BP or accuracy between EXI and CONT groups. There was a decreased user engagement (H = 5.80, p = 0.564) after the 3rd week of the study period. Conclusion Short-term smartphone-based physical activity programs may offer favourable cognitive benefits to young adults; however, the weight loss benefits remain unconvincing. Trial Registration The study was registered prospectively with the Clinical Trials Registry of India (CTRI/2022/02/040202). Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40200-023-01182-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sapna Vithoba Domal
- Department of Exercise and Sport Sciences, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Madhav Nagar, 576104 Manipal, Karnataka India
| | - Baskaran Chandrasekaran
- Department of Exercise and Sport Sciences, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Madhav Nagar, 576104 Manipal, Karnataka India
| | - Hari Prakash Palanisamy
- Department of Speech and Hearing, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, 576104 Manipal, Karnataka India
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12
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Gonzalez-Torres C, Yuing T, Berral-de la Rosa F, Lizana PA. Physical Inactivity, Sedentary Behavior and Quality of Life in the Chilean Population: ENCAVI Results, 2015-2016. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:1020. [PMID: 37046947 PMCID: PMC10094423 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11071020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Regular physical activity (PA) is indicated to be one of the main healthy habits that allow populations to achieve a good quality of life (QoL); however, levels of physical inactivity (PI) and sedentary behavior (SB) have risen worldwide, with negative health effects. The aim of this study is to analyze PI and SB levels, as well as their association with QoL in the Chilean population. A secondary analysis was performed based on the database from the 2015-2016 National Quality of Life Survey (ENCAVI) in Chile, using the modules for sociodemographic characteristics, health, and PA. Contingency tables and logistic regressions were conducted to determine the association between PI (low-intensity PA, LIPA; low-moderate PA, LMPA), SB (P75), and QoL adjusted for sociodemographic variables. Approximately 84%, 83%, and 47% of the participants presented LIPA, LMPA, and moderate-high SB, respectively. Participants that presented high PI and SB had lower QoL scores than those who were more active (p < 0.05). We observe that, in people with PI (LIPA), there is a higher risk of a low QoL regarding mental and physical components (OR 1.941; OR 1.189, p < 0.001) among females (OR 1.473; OR 1.513, p < 0.001) and those of a low educational level (OR 2.170; OR 1.410 p < 0.001). People with PI (LMPA) increased their risk for a low QoL in regard to mental and physical components (OR 1.750; OR 1.458, p < 0.001) among females (OR 1.528; OR 1.507, p < 0.001) and those of a low educational level (OR 2.195; OR 1.402 p < 0.001). We observe that people with SB (P75) increased their risk of a low QoL concerning physical and mental components (OR 1.475; OR 1.257, p < 0.001) for those of the female gender (OR 1.615; OR 1.563, p < 0.001) and a low educational level (OR 2.248; OR 1.423 p < 0.001). High levels of PI in both intensities and SB impact QoL in the Chilean population. It is crucial to generate public policies for more PA, especially for females and those of lower educational levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Gonzalez-Torres
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Morphological Sciences, Instituto de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2373223, Chile
- Programa de Magister en Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2373223, Chile
| | - Tuillang Yuing
- Facultad de Salud, Escuela de Kinesiología, Universidad Santo Tomás, Viña del Mar 2520000, Chile
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte, Universidad Pablo de Olavide de Sevilla, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - Pablo A. Lizana
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Morphological Sciences, Instituto de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2373223, Chile
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13
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Levine JA. The Fidget Factor and the obesity paradox. How small movements have big impact. Front Sports Act Living 2023; 5:1122938. [PMID: 37077429 PMCID: PMC10106700 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2023.1122938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The hypothesis is that the Fidget Factor is the innate neurological pulse that propels humans and other species to move to support their health. Fidgets, previously thought to be spontaneous, are neurologically regulated and highly ordered (non-random). Modern societies being chair-based overwhelm Fidget Factor pulses and consequently inflict chair-based living for transportation, labor, and leisure. Despite impulses firing through the nervous system, people sit because environmental design overwhelms the biology. Urbanization and chair-based societies were designed after the industrial revolution to promote productivity; however, the consequence has been opposite. Crushing the natural urge to move—the Fidget Factor—is a public health calamity. Excess sitting is associated with a myriad of detrimental health consequences and impairs productivity. Fidgeting may reduce all-cause mortality associated with excessive sitting. The Fidget Factor offers hope; data demonstrate that workplaces and schools can be designed to promote activity and free people's Fidget Factors. Evidence shows that people are happier, healthier, wealthier, and more successful if their Fidget Factors are freed.
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Xiao H, Fangfang H, Qiong W, Shuai Z, Jingya Z, Xu L, Guodong S, Yan Z. The Value of Handgrip Strength and Self-Rated Squat Ability in Predicting Mild Cognitive Impairment: Development and Validation of a Prediction Model. INQUIRY : A JOURNAL OF MEDICAL CARE ORGANIZATION, PROVISION AND FINANCING 2023; 60:469580231155295. [PMID: 36760102 PMCID: PMC9926366 DOI: 10.1177/00469580231155295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Early identification of individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is essential to combat worldwide dementia threats. Physical function indicators might be low-cost early markers for cognitive decline. To establish an early identification tool for MCI by combining physical function indicators (upper and lower limb function) via a clinical prediction modeling strategy. A total of 5393 participants aged 60 or older were included in the model. The variables selected for the model included sociodemographic characteristics, behavioral factors, mental status and chronic conditions, upper limb function (handgrip strength), and lower limb function (self-rated squat ability). Two models were developed to test the predictive value of handgrip strength (Model 1) or self-rated squat ability (Model 2) separately, and Model 3 was developed by combining handgrip strength and self-rated squat ability. The 3 models all yielded good discrimination performance (area under the curve values ranged from 0.719 to 0.732). The estimated net reclassification improvement values were 0.3279 and 0.1862 in Model 3 when comparing Model 3 to Model 1 and Model 2, respectively. The integrated discrimination improvement values were estimated as 0.0139 and 0.0128 when comparing Model 3 with Model 1 and Model 2, respectively. The model that contains both upper and lower limb function has better performance in predicting MCI. The final prediction model is expected to assist health workers in early identification of MCI, thus supporting early interventions to reduce future risk of AD, particularly in socioeconomically deprived communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Xiao
- Anhui Medical University, Hefei, P.R. China
| | | | - Wang Qiong
- Anhui Medical University, Hefei, P.R. China
| | - Zhou Shuai
- Anhui Medical University, Hefei, P.R. China
| | | | - Lou Xu
- Anhui Professional & Technical Institute of Athletics, Hefei, P.R. China
| | - Shen Guodong
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, P.R. China
| | - Zhang Yan
- Anhui Medical University, Hefei, P.R. China,Zhang Yan, School of Health Service Management, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Shushan District, Hefei 230032, P.R. China.
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15
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Costa TG, de Oliveira VN, Santos DAT, Viana RB, Andrade MS, Vancini RL, Weiss K, Knechtle B, de Lira CAB. The burden of prolonged sedentary behavior imposed by uberization. SPORTS MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2023.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
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16
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Tavoian D, Craighead DH. Deep breathing exercise at work: Potential applications and impact. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1040091. [PMID: 36711016 PMCID: PMC9877284 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1040091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is a major contributor to cardiovascular disease and daily deep breathing exercise (DBE) is a promising intervention to reduce blood pressure and stress in adults. DBE is simple, time-efficient, and does not require specialized equipment, allowing participation in a wide variety of settings. The workplace is an ideal setting to implement DBE at the national level for several reasons, including a large proportion of waking hours spent in the workplace, high levels of sedentary time at work, prevalence of work-related stress, and regular breaks throughout the day potentially reducing worker error. While the degree of adherence to daily workplace DBE will be the responsibility of the individual, employers and managers can (and should) do much to remove barriers to participation. Specifically, this could include: implementing regular short breaks or classes to perform DBE throughout the day, covering subscription costs for smartphone applications that guide DBE, and creating incentive programs for continuing DBE participation. Implementing DBE in the workplace is a pragmatic approach to provide a low-cost blood pressure and stress reduction therapy to a substantial portion of the adult population in the US, at least 50% of whom have high blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dallin Tavoian
- Arizona Respiratory Neurophysiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, United States,*Correspondence: Dallin Tavoian,
| | - Daniel H. Craighead
- Integrative Physiology of Aging Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
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Shuai Z, Jingya Z, Qing W, Qiong W, Chen D, Guodong S, Yan Z. Associations between Sedentary Duration and Cognitive Function in Older Adults: A Longitudinal Study with 2-Year Follow-Up. J Nutr Health Aging 2023; 27:656-662. [PMID: 37702339 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-023-1963-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the association between different forms of sedentary behavior and cognitive function in Chinese community-dwelling older adults. DESIGN A longitudinal study with a 2-year follow-up. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Data from 5356 participants at baseline and 956 participants at the follow-up of the Anhui Healthy Longevity Survey (AHLS) were analysed. MEASUREMENTS Cognitive function was evaluated by the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) was classified according to education-specific criteria. Self-report questionnaires were used to assess the sedentary behavior of the participants. RESULTS The participants who reported longer screen-watching sedentary duration had higher MMSE scores (1-2 hours: β=0.758, 95% CI: 0.450, 1.066; > 2 hours: β=1.240, 95% CI: 0.917, 1.562) and lower likelihoods of MCI (1-2 hours: OR= 0.787, 95% CI: 0.677, 0.914; >2 hours: OR=0.617, 95% CI: 0.524, 0.726). The participants who had played cards (or mahjong) sedentary had higher MMSE scores (β= 1.132, 95% CI: 0.788, 1.476) and lower likelihoods of MCI (OR=0.572, 95% CI: 0.476, 0.687). However, the participants who reported longer other forms of sedentary duration had lower MMSE scores (1-2 hours: β=-0.409, 95% CI: -0.735, -0.082; > 2 hours: β=-1.391, 95% CI: -1.696, -1.087) and higher likelihoods of MCI (1-2 hours: OR=1.271, 95% CI: 1.081, 1.496; > 2 hours: OR=1.632, 95% CI: 1.409, 1.889). No significant association was detected between sedentary duration and MCI incidence. CONCLUSION Variations in the impact of diverse sedentary behaviors on the cognitive function were detected in Chinese older adults. However, such associations were cross-sectional and longitudinal associations were not found in the current study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Shuai
- Prof. Shen Guodong, Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, 17-Lujiang Road, Hefei, Anhui 230001, P.R. China, E-mail: , Tel. : 86-551-62282371; Assoc. Prof. Zhang Yan, School of Health Service Management, Anhui Medical University, 81-Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China, E-mail: , Tel. : 86-551-65161220
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18
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Tuckwell GA, Vincent GE, Gupta CC, Ferguson SA. Does breaking up sitting in office-based settings result in cognitive performance improvements which last throughout the day? A review of the evidence. INDUSTRIAL HEALTH 2022; 60:501-513. [PMID: 35095033 PMCID: PMC9726606 DOI: 10.2486/indhealth.2021-0174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Sedentary behavior at work contributes to detrimental cognitive outcomes (e.g., decreases in attention). The length of time that cognitive performance benefits are sustained following bouts of breaking up sitting (e.g., using sit-stand desks or walking) is not known. A narrative review of the literature was conducted using a systematic search strategy, with keywords related to breaking up sitting interventions in office-based environments and cognitive performance outcomes in the period immediately post the cessation of the breaking up sitting intervention. Three types of office-based breaking up sitting interventions were identified; 1) sit-stand desks, 2) walking desks and 3) cycling desks. From the eight studies which met the criteria, the impacts of these interventions on cognitive performance outcomes were mixed, with significant benefits in some studies and others reporting no benefit. Of the cognitive domains assessed, working memory, attention, and psychomotor function showed significant sustained improvement for up to 30 minutes post intervention. While there are benefits to a key set of cognitive performance domains following breaking up sitting interventions in office-based settings, no studies have evaluated whether benefits to cognitive performance persist for longer than 30 minutes after the breaking up sitting intervention. Furthermore, specific applications of these cognitive benefits to tasks outside of work (e.g., driving home from work) are unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia A Tuckwell
- Central Queensland University, Appleton Institute, School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Australia
| | - Grace E Vincent
- Central Queensland University, Appleton Institute, School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Australia
| | - Charlotte C Gupta
- Central Queensland University, Appleton Institute, School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Australia
| | - Sally A Ferguson
- Central Queensland University, Appleton Institute, School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Australia
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Almevall AD, Wennberg P, Zingmark K, Öhlin J, Söderberg S, Olofsson B, Nordmark S, Niklasson J. Associations between everyday physical activity and morale in older adults. Geriatr Nurs 2022; 48:37-42. [PMID: 36099778 DOI: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2022.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Studies that objectively investigate patterns of everyday physical activity in relation to well-being and that use measures specific to older adults are scarce. This study aimed to explore objectively measured everyday physical activity and sedentary behavior in relation to a morale measure specifically constructed for older adults. A total of 77 persons (42 women, 35 men) aged 80 years or older (84.3 ± 3.8) wore an accelerometer device for at least 5 days. Morale was measured with the Philadelphia Geriatric Center Morale Scale (PGCMS). PGCMS scores were significantly positively associated with number of steps, time spent stepping, and time spent stepping at >75 steps per minute. Sedentary behavior did not associate with PGCMS. Promoting PA in the form of walking at any intensity-or even spending time in an upright position-and in any quantity may be important for morale, or vice versa, or the influence may be bidirectional.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albin Dahlin Almevall
- Department of Health Science, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden; Department of Healthcare, Region Norrbotten, Luleå, Sweden.
| | - Patrik Wennberg
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Family Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Karin Zingmark
- Department of Health Science, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden
| | - Jerry Öhlin
- Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Geriatric Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Stefan Söderberg
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Birgitta Olofsson
- Department of Nursing, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Department of Surgical and Perioperative Science Orthopaedics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Sofi Nordmark
- Department of Health Science, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden
| | - Johan Niklasson
- Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Geriatric Medicine, Sunderby Research Unit, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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Rajeshwari R, Rao CR, D'Silva RM, Chandrasekaran B. Do energy expenditure differences across work postures influence cognitive processing speed? A counter-balanced randomised cross-over trial. Work 2022; 74:549-563. [PMID: 36278368 DOI: 10.3233/wor-205315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anecdotal evidence links occupational sedentary behaviour, low energy expenditure (EE) and cognitive dysfunction. Nevertheless, EE across different work postures including active workstations remains unclear and its influence on cognitive processing speed is yet to be established. OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate differences in EE across various work postures and its influence on cognitive processing speed. METHODS Sixteen desk-based employees performed simulated work tasks (typing, reading and cognitive tasks) in three different work positions (sitting, standing, and walking) in three different days. EE was measured for three days consecutively for 30-minutes in three simulated working postures using indirect calorimetry. Cognitive processing speed was assessed through computer-based choice reaction times during each work posture. The outcome variables of interest (EE, reaction times and accuracy) were compared between three work postures using repeated measures ANOVA and Pearson correlation. RESULTS EE in walking posture was higher (5.57±0.45 Kcal) than sitting (1.07±0.12 Kcal) and standing (1.88±0.42 Kcal). Total EE was significantly higher in walking than standing (35.17±6.86 Kcal) and sitting postures (41.37±8.46 Kcal). We did not find any significant differences in cognitive processing speed between different work postures except within standing work condition (60.22±13.97 ms). Accuracy was found to be reduced in walking compared to sitting (0.76±0.83%) and standing (0.43±0.09%) but not reached significance. CONCLUSION Although significant differences in EE were observed between work postures, walking or standing at work did not affect the cognitive processing speed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Rajeshwari
- Department of Exercise and Sport Sciences, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Chythra R Rao
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Ruth Mary D'Silva
- Department of Exercise and Sport Sciences, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Baskaran Chandrasekaran
- Department of Exercise and Sport Sciences, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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21
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Sui SX, Balanta-Melo J, Pasco JA, Plotkin LI. Musculoskeletal Deficits and Cognitive Impairment: Epidemiological Evidence and Biological Mechanisms. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2022; 20:260-272. [PMID: 35764750 PMCID: PMC9522710 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-022-00736-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Cognitive impairment is associated with obesity, sarcopenia, and osteoporosis. However, no critical appraisal of the literature on the relationship between musculoskeletal deficits and cognitive impairment, focusing on the epidemiological evidence and biological mechanisms, has been published to date. Herein, we critically evaluate the literature published over the past 3 years, emphasizing interesting and important new findings, and provide an outline of future directions that will improve our understanding of the connections between the brain and the musculoskeletal system. RECENT FINDINGS Recent literature suggests that musculoskeletal deficits and cognitive impairment share pathophysiological pathways and risk factors. Cytokines and hormones affect both the brain and the musculoskeletal system; yet, lack of unified definitions and standards makes it difficult to compare studies. Interventions designed to improve musculoskeletal health are plausible means of preventing or slowing cognitive impairment. We highlight several musculoskeletal health interventions that show potential in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia X Sui
- Epi-Centre for Healthy Ageing, Deakin University, IMPACT - Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, PO Box 281 (Barwon Health), Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia.
| | - Julián Balanta-Melo
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, MS5022A, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Richard L. Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Universidad del Valle School of Dentistry, Cali, Colombia
| | - Julie A Pasco
- Epi-Centre for Healthy Ageing, Deakin University, IMPACT - Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, PO Box 281 (Barwon Health), Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia
- Department of Medicine-Western Campus, The University of Melbourne, St Albans, VIC, Australia
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- University Hospital Geelong, Barwon Health, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Lilian I Plotkin
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, MS5022A, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
- Richard L. Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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Werneck AO, Kandola A, Tebar WR, Silva DR, Stubbs B, Christofaro DG. Does physical activity moderate the association between device-measured sedentary time patterns and depressive symptoms in adults? REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE PSIQUIATRIA (SAO PAULO, BRAZIL : 1999) 2022; 44:584-589. [PMID: 36580609 PMCID: PMC9851761 DOI: 10.47626/1516-4446-2022-2533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the association between sedentary time (ST) patterns and depressive symptoms, and whether moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) can moderate this association. METHODS This cross-sectional study included a representative sample of 243 adults (mean age 41.8±16.7 years, 56.4% women) from a city in Southeast Brazil. Depressive symptoms were estimated through the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). ST patterns (i.e., number of breaks, mean length of sedentary bouts, and number of long sedentary bouts), total ST, and MVPA were assessed using accelerometers. RESULTS Poisson regression models revealed associations of total ST (ß = 0.063; 95%CI 0.011 to 0.116) and number of long bouts (0.108; 0.047 to 0.171) with depressive symptoms among men. MVPA moderated the associations of breaks and longer bouts of ST with depressive symptoms, with an increase of one break/hour, the increase of one long bout, and a decrease of 1 minute in mean bout length being associated with a reduction of 0.211 and increases of 0.081 and 0.166, respectively, in the number of depressive symptoms among men with physical inactivity (breaks = -0.211; -0.360 to -0.063; mean bout length = 0.081; 0.003 to 0.158; number of long bouts = 0.166; 0.090 to 0.242). CONCLUSION Interventions that encourage breaking up ST should be helpful to reduce depressive symptoms among people with physical inactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- André O. Werneck
- Núcleo de Pesquisas Epidemiológicas em Nutrição e Saúde, Departamento de Nutrição, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Aaron Kandola
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - William R. Tebar
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Danilo R. Silva
- Departamento de Educação Física, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil,Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Brendon Stubbs
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK,Department of Physiotherapy, South London and Maudsley, NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Diego G.D. Christofaro
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
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Kowalski KL, Tierney BC, Christie AD. Mental fatigue does not substantially alter neuromuscular function in young, healthy males and females. Physiol Behav 2022; 253:113855. [PMID: 35609724 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.113855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The neuromuscular mechanisms leading to impaired motor performance after mental fatigue (MF) are not well-understood and little is known of sex-specific differences in the neuromuscular response to MF. The purpose of this study was to investigate sex-related differences in the impact of MF on neuromuscular function. Thirty young, healthy adults (15F, 15M) performed the Psychomotor Vigilance Task (PVT) to induce MF and watched the Earth documentary (control) for 30 min in a random and counterbalanced order. Before and after each task, measurements of neuromuscular function during submaximal dorsiflexion contractions were obtained. At the end of the PVT, females and males had a slower reaction time (p<0.001, η2p=0.41) and reported higher fatigue (p<0.001, η2p=0.50), suggesting the PVT induced MF. After the PVT, females and males demonstrated a decline in force during 10% maximum voluntary contractions (MVC) (p=0.006, η2p=0.24), slower motor unit firing rate during 20% MVC (p=0.04, η2p=0.15) and a longer cortical silent period (p=0.01, η2p=0.22). However, similar changes were observed in the control condition suggesting MF is unlikely to substantially alter neuromuscular function during submaximal isometric contractions in young, healthy adults. Results also suggest neuromuscular function after a MF task is similar between young, healthy females and males. Further research is required to investigate populations with higher fatigue, such as multiple sclerosis or chronic fatigue syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie L Kowalski
- School of Kinesiology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Anita D Christie
- School of Kinesiology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.
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Noël Racine A, Margaritis I, Duclos M, Carré F, Vuillemin A, Gautier C. Costing the economic burden of prolonged sedentary behaviours in France. Eur J Public Health 2022; 32:i3-i7. [PMID: 36031819 PMCID: PMC9421414 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckac071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is strong evidence showing that sedentary behaviour time increase the risk to develop several chronic diseases and to premature death. The economic consequences of this risk have never been evaluated in France. The aim of this study was to estimate the economic burden of prolonged sedentary behaviour in France. METHODS Based on individual sedentary behaviour time, relative risk to develop cardiovascular disease, colon cancer, breast cancer and all-causes of premature mortality were identified. From relative risk and prevalence of sedentary behaviour time, a population attributable fraction approach was used to estimate the yearly number of cases for each disease. Data from the National Health Insurance were used to calculate the annual average costs per case for each disease. Disease-specific and total healthcare costs attributable to prolonged sedentary behaviour time were calculated. Indirect costs from productivity loss due to morbidity and premature mortality were estimated using a friction cost approach. RESULTS In France, 51 193 premature deaths/year appear related to a prolonged daily sedentary behaviour time. Each year prolonged sedentary behaviour cost 494 million € for the national health insurance. Yearly productivity loss due to premature mortality attributable to prolonged sedentary behaviour cost 507 million € and yearly productivity loss due to morbidity cost between 43 and 147 million €. CONCLUSION Significant saving and many deaths could be avoided by reducing prolonged sedentary behaviour prevalence in France. To address this issue, strong responses should be implemented to tackle sedentary behaviour, complementary to physical activity promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Noël Racine
- French Ministry of Sport, Pôle Ressources National Sport Santé Bien-Etre, CREPS AURA/Vichy, Vichy, France
| | - Irène Margaritis
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Martine Duclos
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Service de Médecine du Sport et des Explorations Fonctionnelles, Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - François Carré
- LTSI INSERM, U1099, University of Rennes 1, Rennes, France.,Department of Sport Medicine, Pontchaillou Hospital, Rennes, France
| | | | - Christèle Gautier
- French Ministry of Sport, Sport Policy Development Office, National Sport and Health Strategy, Paris, France
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KARIIPPANON KATHARINAE, CHONG KARHAU, JANSSEN XANNE, TOMAZ SIMONEA, RIBEIRO EVELYNHC, MUNAMBAH NYARADZAI, CHAN CECILIAHS, CHATHURANGANA PWPRASAD, DRAPER CATHERINEE, EL HAMDOUCHI ASMAA, FLORINDO ALEXA, GUAN HONGYAN, HA AMYS, HOSSAIN MOHAMMADSOROWAR, KIM DONGHOON, VAN KIM THANH, KOH DENISECL, LÖF MARIE, PHAM BANGNGUYEN, POH BEEKOON, REILLY JOHNJ, STAIANO AMANDAE, SUHERMAN ADANG, TANAKA CHIAKI, TANG HONGKIM, TREMBLAY MARKS, WEBSTER EKIPLING, WICKRAMASINGHE VPUJITHA, WONG JYHEIIN, OKELY ANTHONYD. Levels and Correlates of Objectively Measured Sedentary Behavior in Young Children: SUNRISE Study Results from 19 Countries. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2022; 54:1123-1130. [PMID: 35142711 PMCID: PMC9203875 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE There is a paucity of global data on sedentary behavior during early childhood. The purpose of this study was to examine how device-measured sedentary behavior in young children differed across geographically, economically, and sociodemographically diverse populations, in an international sample. METHODS This multinational, cross-sectional study included data from 1071 children 3-5 yr old from 19 countries, collected between 2018 and 2020 (pre-COVID). Sedentary behavior was measured for three consecutive days using activPAL accelerometers. Sedentary time, sedentary fragmentation, and seated transport duration were calculated. Linear mixed models were used to examine the differences in sedentary behavior variables between sex, country-level income groups, urban/rural settings, and population density. RESULTS Children spent 56% (7.4 h) of their waking time sedentary. The longest average bout duration was 81.1 ± 45.4 min, and an average of 61.1 ± 50.1 min·d-1 was spent in seated transport. Children from upper-middle-income and high-income countries spent a greater proportion of the day sedentary, accrued more sedentary bouts, had shorter breaks between sedentary bouts, and spent significantly more time in seated transport, compared with children from low-income and lower-middle-income countries. Sex and urban/rural residential setting were not associated with any outcomes. Higher population density was associated with several higher sedentary behavior measures. CONCLUSIONS These data advance our understanding of young children's sedentary behavior patterns globally. Country income levels and population density appear to be stronger drivers of the observed differences, than sex or rural/urban residential setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- KATHARINA E. KARIIPPANON
- Early Start, School of Health and Society, Faculty of the Arts, Social Science and Humanities, University of Wollongong, NSW, AUSTRALIA
| | - KAR HAU CHONG
- Early Start, School of Health and Society, Faculty of the Arts, Social Science and Humanities, University of Wollongong, NSW, AUSTRALIA
| | - XANNE JANSSEN
- Physical Activity for Health Group, School of Psychological Sciences and Health, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - SIMONE A. TOMAZ
- College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland, UNITED KINGDOM
| | | | - NYARADZAI MUNAMBAH
- Rehabilitation Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, ZIMBABWE
| | - CECILIA H. S. CHAN
- Faculty of Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
| | | | - CATHERINE E. DRAPER
- SAMRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, SOUTH AFRICA
| | - ASMAA EL HAMDOUCHI
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Nutrition et Alimentation, CNESTEN-Université Ibn Tofail URAC 39, Regional Designated Center of Nutrition Associated with AFRA/IAEA, Rabat, MOROCCO
| | | | - HONGYAN GUAN
- Department of Early Childhood Development, Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, CHINA
| | - AMY S. HA
- Faculty of Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
| | | | - DONG HOON KIM
- Korea Institute of Child Care and Education, Seoul, REPUBLIC OF KOREA
| | - THANH VAN KIM
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine, Ho Chi Minh City, VIETNAM
| | - DENISE C. L. KOH
- Centre of Community Education and Well-being, Faculty of Education, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, MALAYSIA
| | - MARIE LÖF
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, SWEDEN
| | - BANG NGUYEN PHAM
- Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Goroka, PAPUA NEW GUINEA
| | - BEE KOON POH
- Centre for Community Health Studies (ReaCH), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, MALAYSIA
| | - JOHN J. REILLY
- Physical Activity for Health Group, School of Psychological Sciences and Health, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland, UNITED KINGDOM
| | | | - ADANG SUHERMAN
- Faculty of Sport and Health Education, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Bandung, INDONESIA
| | - CHIAKI TANAKA
- Department of Human Nutrition, Tokyo Kasei Gakuin University, Tokyo, JAPAN
| | - HONG KIM TANG
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine, Ho Chi Minh City, VIETNAM
| | - MARK S. TREMBLAY
- Healthy Active Lifestyle and Obesity (HALO) Research Group, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, CANADA
| | - E. KIPLING WEBSTER
- Institute of Public and Preventive Health, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | | | - JYH EIIN WONG
- Centre for Community Health Studies (ReaCH), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, MALAYSIA
| | - ANTHONY D. OKELY
- Early Start, School of Health and Society, Faculty of the Arts, Social Science and Humanities, University of Wollongong, NSW, AUSTRALIA
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Classroom Movement Breaks and Physically Active Learning Are Feasible, Reduce Sedentary Behaviour and Fatigue, and May Increase Focus in University Students: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19137775. [PMID: 35805432 PMCID: PMC9265656 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19137775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background: University students are mostly sedentary in tertiary education settings which may be detrimental to their health and learning. This review aimed to examine the feasibility and efficacy of classroom movement breaks (CMB) and physically active learning (PAL) on physical and cognitive outcomes in university students in the tertiary setting. Methods: Five electronic databases (MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase, PsychINFO, and PubMed) were searched for articles published up until November 2021. Manual searching of reference lists and citation tracking were also completed. Two reviewers independently applied inclusion and exclusion criteria and completed quality assessment. Articles were included if they evaluated CMB or PAL interventions delivered to university students in a tertiary setting. Results: Of the 1691 articles identified, 14 studies with 5997 participants met the inclusion criteria. Average study quality scores were poor for both CMB and PAL studies. CMBs and PAL are feasible in the tertiary setting and increase physical activity, reduce sedentary behaviour, increase wellbeing, and reduce fatigue in university students. In addition, CMBs increased student focus and attention in class and PAL had no detrimental effect on academic performance. Conclusions: University educators should feel confident in introducing CMB and/or PAL interventions into their classes to improve student health and wellbeing.
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Ferrer-Uris B, Ramos MA, Busquets A, Angulo-Barroso R. Can exercise shape your brain? A review of aerobic exercise effects on cognitive function and neuro-physiological underpinning mechanisms. AIMS Neurosci 2022; 9:150-174. [PMID: 35860684 PMCID: PMC9256523 DOI: 10.3934/neuroscience.2022009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
It is widely accepted that physical exercise can be used as a tool for the prevention and treatment of various diseases or disorders. In addition, in the recent years, exercise has also been successfully used to enhance people's cognition. There is a large amount of research that has supported the benefits of physical exercise on human cognition, both in children and adults. Among these studies, some have focused on the acute or transitory effects of exercise on cognition, while others have focused on the effects of regular physical exercise. However, the relation between exercise and cognition is complex and we still have limited knowledge about the moderators and mechanisms underlying this relation. Most of human studies have focused on the behavioral aspects of exercise-effects on cognition, while animal studies have deepened in its possible neuro-physiological mechanisms. Even so, thanks to advances in neuroimaging techniques, there is a growing body of evidence that provides valuable information regarding these mechanisms in the human population. This review aims to analyze the effects of regular and acute aerobic exercise on cognition. The exercise-cognition relationship will be reviewed both from the behavioral perspective and from the neurophysiological mechanisms. The effects of exercise on animals, adult humans, and infant humans will be analyzed separately. Finally, physical exercise intervention programs aiming to increase cognitive performance in scholar and workplace environments will be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blai Ferrer-Uris
- Institut Nacional d'Educació Física de Catalunya (INEFC), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Angeles Ramos
- Institut Nacional d'Educació Física de Catalunya (INEFC), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Busquets
- Institut Nacional d'Educació Física de Catalunya (INEFC), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa Angulo-Barroso
- Institut Nacional d'Educació Física de Catalunya (INEFC), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University, Northridge, CA, United States
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Li J, Herold F, Ludyga S, Yu Q, Zhang X, Zou L. The acute effects of physical exercise breaks on cognitive function during prolonged sitting: The first quantitative evidence. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2022; 48:101594. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2022.101594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Luteijn PJ, van der Wurff ISM, Singh AS, Savelberg HHCM, de Groot RHM. The Acute Effects of Standing on Executive Functioning in Vocational Education and Training Students: The Phit2Learn Study. Front Psychol 2022; 13:810007. [PMID: 35369155 PMCID: PMC8968320 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.810007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Research suggests that sedentary behavior (SB) is negatively associated with cognitive outcomes. Interrupting prolonged sitting has been shown to improve cognitive functions, including executive functioning (EF), which is important for academic performance. No research has been conducted on the effect of standing on EF in VET students, who make up a large proportion of the adolescent population and who are known to sit more than other students of this age. In this study, we investigated the acute effects of reducing SB by short time standing on EF in vocational education and training (VET) students. In a randomized crossover study, 165 VET students were first taught for 15 min in seated position. After this, they performed while seated the Letter Memory Test for updating, and the Color Shape Test for shifting and inhibition. Students were randomly assigned to a sitting or standing condition. All students were taught again for 15 min and then took the same tests in the condition they were allocated to, respectively, standing or seated. After 1 week, the test procedure was repeated, in which students switched conditions. Mixed model analyses showed no significant effect of sitting or standing on updating, shifting, or inhibition. Also, no significant differences were found for the order of condition on updating, shifting, or inhibition. Our results suggest that 40 min of standing does not significantly influence EF among VET students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra J. Luteijn
- Faculty of Educational Sciences, Open University of the Netherlands, Heerlen, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Petra J. Luteijn,
| | | | | | - Hans H. C. M. Savelberg
- Department of Nutritional and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism and SHE, School of Health Professions Education, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Renate H. M. de Groot
- Faculty of Educational Sciences, Open University of the Netherlands, Heerlen, Netherlands
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Panicker RM, Chandrasekaran B. "Wearables on vogue": a scoping review on wearables on physical activity and sedentary behavior during COVID-19 pandemic. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2022; 18:641-657. [PMID: 35018193 PMCID: PMC8739535 DOI: 10.1007/s11332-021-00885-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background Wearables are intriguing way to promote physical activity and reduce sedentary behavior in populations with and without chronic diseases. However, the contemporary evidence demonstrating the effectiveness of wearables on physical health during the COVID-19 pandemic has yet to be explored. Aim The present review aims to provide the readers with a broader knowledge of the impact of wearables on physical health during the pandemic. Methods Five electronic databases (Web of Science, Scopus, Ovid Medline, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature and Embase) were searched. The eligibility criteria of the studies to be included were based on PICOT criteria: population (adults, children and elderly), intervention (wearable, smartphones), comparison (any behavioral intervention), outcome (physical activity or sedentary behavior levels) and time frame (between December 1st, 2019 and November 19th, 2021). The present scoping review was framed as per the guidelines of the Arksey and O'Malley framework. Results Of 469 citations initially screened, 17 articles were deemed eligible for inclusion and potential scoping was done. Smartphone-based applications with inbuilt accelerometers were commonly used, while a few studies employed smart bands, smartwatches for physical health monitoring. Most of the studies observed the increased use of wearables in healthy adults followed by elderly, children and pregnant women. Considerable reduction (almost-50%) in physical activity during the pandemic: daily step count (- 2812 steps/min), standing (- 32.7%) and walking (- 52.2%) time was found. Conclusion Wearables appears to be impending means of improving physical activity and reducing sedentary behavior remotely during the COVID-19 pandemic. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11332-021-00885-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Muralidhar Panicker
- Department of Exercise and Sports Sciences, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104 India
| | - Baskaran Chandrasekaran
- Department of Exercise and Sports Sciences, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104 India
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Rao C, Chandrasekaran B, Ravishankar N, Rutebemberwa E, Okello D. Efficacy of physical activity interventions on glycemic control among indigenous African adults – A systematic review protocol. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NONCOMMUNICABLE DISEASES 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/jncd.jncd_37_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Muniswamy P, Gorhe V, Parashivakumar L, Chandrasekaran B. Short-term effects of a social media-based intervention on the physical and mental health of remotely working young software professionals: A randomised controlled trial. Appl Psychol Health Well Being 2021; 14:537-554. [PMID: 34750975 DOI: 10.1111/aphw.12318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to explore the short term effects of a social media-based intervention on the physical and mental health of the software professionals working remotely during the pandemic. Sixty software professionals with poor physical and mental health were randomised to Facebook-based intervention (FIIT) and a control (CONT) group for 2 months. Forty-six remote workers (26.25 ± 3.49 years) completed the study (FIIT = 22; CONT = 26). All the respondents had the median sitting time (7.07 ± 2.30 h/day) during office hours on workdays. We found a significant difference in the sitting time during office hours in workday within the subjects (F1,46 = 4.66; p < .004; ηp 2 = .048) and between the subjects (F1,46 = 3.81; p < .004; ηp 2 = .040). Post hoc analysis revealed participants in the FIIT group reduced their sitting time by 58 min during office hours during a typical workday compared with the control group. Nevertheless, we found a significant difference in the scores of stress, anxiety and depression within and between the groups. Short-term social media-based physical and mental health intervention may improve physical and mental health scores in the desk-based office workers working remotely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhu Muniswamy
- Department of Exercise and Sports Sciences, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Varadayini Gorhe
- Sports & Performance Psychology, MindFirst Performance, Pune, India
| | | | - Baskaran Chandrasekaran
- Department of Exercise and Sports Sciences, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
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Muniswamy P, Peter IG, Gorhe V, Chandrasekaran B. Association between physical and mental health variables among software professionals working at home: a secondary analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND ERGONOMICS 2021; 28:2269-2277. [PMID: 34581239 DOI: 10.1080/10803548.2021.1986307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinical Trials Registry India identifier CTRI/2021/03/032146.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhu Muniswamy
- Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, India
| | - Irene Grace Peter
- Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, India
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Rahman A M, Chandrasekaran B. Estimating the Impact of the Pandemic on Children's Physical Health: A Scoping Review. THE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH 2021; 91:936-947. [PMID: 34494270 PMCID: PMC8662234 DOI: 10.1111/josh.13079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children are expected to adhere to the recommended physical activity (PA) dose of 60 minutes per day and minimize sedentary behaviors (SB) to stray away from the cardio-metabolic disease risk. However, there is a lack of review of current evidence pointing to the negative physical health effects of the Covid-19 lockdown, with its barriers and facilitators for effective PA implementation in children aged 3 to 13. METHODS Two independent authors conducted an extensive search on five peer-reviewed journal databases for the studies examining changes in PA or SB in children and the potential barriers during Covid-19 lockdown. RESULTS Of 1039 studies initially screened, only 14 studies were included. Ninety-three percent of the studies were cross-sectional surveys. A 34% reduction in PA was noted while SB, including screen time, increased by 82%. Our review identified potential barriers to the effective implementation of PA behaviors in children at four levels: individual, family, school, and government policies. CONCLUSIONS A moderate reduction in PA and high SB in children during lockdown was linked with obstacles at the individual, family, school, and political levels. Stakeholders should consider the above barriers when designing and implementing interventions to address low PA and SB practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansoor Rahman A
- Department of Movement Sciences, JSS College of PhysiotherapyMysuruKarnataka570004India
| | - Baskaran Chandrasekaran
- Department of Exercise and Sports Sciences, Manipal College of Health ProfessionsManipal Academy of Higher EducationManipalKarnataka576104India
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Heiland EG, Tarassova O, Fernström M, English C, Ekblom Ö, Ekblom MM. Frequent, Short Physical Activity Breaks Reduce Prefrontal Cortex Activation but Preserve Working Memory in Middle-Aged Adults: ABBaH Study. Front Hum Neurosci 2021; 15:719509. [PMID: 34602995 PMCID: PMC8481573 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.719509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Prolonged sitting is increasingly common and may possibly be unfavorable for cognitive function and mood. In this randomized crossover study, the effects of frequent, short physical activity breaks during prolonged sitting on cognitive task-related activation of the prefrontal cortex were investigated. The effects on working memory, psychological factors, and blood glucose were also examined, and whether arterial stiffness moderated prefrontal cortex activation. Thirteen subjects (mean age 50.5 years; eight men) underwent three 3-h sitting conditions, interrupted every 30-min by a different 3-min break on separate, randomized-ordered days: seated social interactions (SOCIAL), walking (WALK), or simple resistance activities (SRA). Arterial stiffness was assessed at baseline. Before and after each 3-h condition, psychological factors (stress, mood, sleepiness, and alertness) were assessed through questionnaires and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) was used to measure changes in prefrontal oxygenated hemoglobin (Oxy-Hb), indicative of cortical activation, while performing working memory tasks [1- (baseline), 2-, and 3-back]. Blood glucose levels were continuously measured throughout the conditions. Results revealed no significant changes in Oxy-Hb during the 2-back compared with the 1-back test in any condition, and no time-by-condition interactions. During the 3-back test, there was a significant decrease in Oxy-Hb compared with the 1-back after the WALK condition in the right prefrontal cortex, but there were no time-by-condition interactions, although 3-back reaction time improved only in the WALK condition. Mood and alertness improved after the WALK condition, which was significantly different from the SOCIAL condition. Arterial stiffness moderated the effects, such that changes in Oxy-Hb were significantly different between WALK and SOCIAL conditions only among those with low arterial stiffness. Blood glucose during the interventions did not differ between conditions. Thus, breaking up prolonged sitting with frequent, short physical activity breaks may reduce right prefrontal cortex activation, with improvements in some aspects of working memory, mood, and alertness. Clinical Trial Registration:www.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT04137211.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emerald G. Heiland
- Department of Physical Activity and Health, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences (GIH), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Olga Tarassova
- Department of Physiology, Nutrition, and Biomechanics, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences (GIH), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Fernström
- Department of Physical Activity and Health, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences (GIH), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Coralie English
- School of Health Sciences and Priority Research Centre for Stroke and Brain Injury, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Centre for Research Excellence in Stroke Recovery and Rehabilitation, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Örjan Ekblom
- Department of Physical Activity and Health, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences (GIH), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria M. Ekblom
- Department of Physical Activity and Health, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences (GIH), Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
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Giurgiu M, Nissen R, Müller G, Ebner-Priemer UW, Reichert M, Clark B. Drivers of productivity: Being physically active increases yet sedentary bouts and lack of sleep decrease work ability. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2021; 31:1921-1931. [PMID: 34170563 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Physical behavior (ie, physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep) is a crucial lifestyle factor for preventing and managing diseases across the lifespan. However, less is known about potential work-related psychological and cognitive outcomes such as productivity. The present study examined within-person associations between physical behavior and self-perceived work ability. To investigate the degree to which physical behavior parameters influence self-perceived work ability in everyday life, we conducted an Ambulatory Assessment study in 103 university students over 5 days. Physical behavior was assessed continuously via a multi-sensor system. Self-perceived work ability was assessed repeatedly up to six times per day on smartphones. We employed multilevel modeling to analyze the within-person effects of physical behavior on self-perceived work ability. Physical activity intensity (MET) (β = 0.15 ± 0.06, t = 2.59, p = 0.012) and sit-to-stand transitions (β = 0.07 ± 0.03, t = 2.44, p = 0.015) were positively associated with self-perceived work ability. Sedentary bouts (≥20 min) (β = -0.21 ± 0.08, t = -2.74, p = 0.006) and deviation from a recommended sleep duration (ie, 8 h) (β = -0.1 ± 0.04, t = -2.38, p = 0.018) were negatively associated with self-perceived work ability. Exploratory analyses supported the robustness of our findings by comparing various time frames. Total sedentary time and sleep quality were not associated with self-perceived work ability. Regular sleep durations, breaking up sedentary time through sit-to-stand transitions, and higher intensities of physical activity may be important for the regulation of self-perceived work ability in university students' daily lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Giurgiu
- Department of Sports and Sports Science, Mental mHealth Lab, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT, Karlsruhe, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rebecca Nissen
- Department of Sports and Sports Science, Mental mHealth Lab, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Gerhard Müller
- Department of Health Promotion, AOK Baden-Wuerttemberg, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Ulrich W Ebner-Priemer
- Department of Sports and Sports Science, Mental mHealth Lab, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT, Karlsruhe, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus Reichert
- Department of Sports and Sports Science, Mental mHealth Lab, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT, Karlsruhe, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bronwyn Clark
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QL, Australia
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