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Lagu IJL, Nyamai DW, Njeru SN. Phytochemical analysis, in-vitro and in-silico study of antiproliferative activity of ethyl acetate fraction of Launaea cornuta (Hochst. ex Oliv. & Hiern) C. Jeffrey against human cervical cancer cell line. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1399885. [PMID: 39005932 PMCID: PMC11239972 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1399885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Cervical cancer is one of the leading causes of death among women globally due to the limitation of current treatment methods and their associated adverse side effects. Launaea cornuta is used as traditional medicine for the treatment of a variety of diseases including cancer. However, there is no scientific validation on the antiproliferative activity of L. cornuta against cervical cancer. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the selective antiproliferative, cytotoxic and antimigratory effects of L. cornuta and to explore its therapeutical mechanisms in human cervical cancer cell lines (HeLa-229) through a network analysis approach. Materials and methods: The cytotoxic effect of L. cornuta ethyl acetate fraction on the proliferation of cervical cancer cells was evaluated by 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) bioassay and the antimigratory effect was assessed by wound healing assays. Compounds were analysed using the qualitative colour method and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). Subsequently, bioinformatic analyses, including the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis, Gene Ontology (GO), and Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis, were performed to screen for potential anticervical cancer therapeutic target genes of L. cornuta. Molecular docking (MD) was performed to predict and understand the molecular interactions of the ligands against cervical cancer. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was performed to validate the network analysis results. Results: L. cornuta ethyl acetate fraction exhibited a remarkable cytotoxic effect on HeLa-229 proliferation (IC50 of 20.56 ± 2.83 μg/mL) with a selectivity index (SI) of 2.36 with minimal cytotoxicity on non-cancerous cells (Vero-CCL 81 (IC50 of 48.83 ± 23.02). The preliminary screening revealed the presence of glycosides, phenols, saponins, terpenoids, quinones, and tannins. Thirteen compounds were also identified by GC-MS analysis. 124 potential target genes associated with the effect of L. cornuta ethyl acetate fraction on human cervical cancer were obtained, including AKT1, MDM2, CDK2, MCL1 and MTOR were identified among the top hub genes and PI3K/Akt1, Ras/MAPK, FoxO and EGFR signalling pathways were identified as the significantly enriched pathways. Molecular docking results showed that stigmasteryl methyl ether had a good binding affinity against CDK2, ATK1, BCL2, MDM2, and Casp9, with binding energy ranging from -7.0 to -12.6 kcal/mol. Tremulone showed a good binding affinity against TP53 and P21 with -7.0 and -8.0 kcal/mol, respectively. This suggests a stable molecular interaction of the ethyl acetate fraction of L. cornuta compounds with the selected target genes for cervical cancer. Furthermore, RT-qPCR analysis revealed that CDK2, MDM2 and BCL2 were downregulated, and Casp9 and P21 were upregulated in HeLa-229 cells treated with L. cornuta compared to the negative control (DMSO 0.2%). Conclusion: The findings indicate that L. cornuta ethyl acetate fraction phytochemicals modulates various molecular targets and pathways to exhibit selective antiproliferative and cytotoxic effects against HeLa-229 cells. This study lays a foundation for further research to develop innovative clinical anticervical cancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inyani John Lino Lagu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Pan African University Institute for Basic Sciences, Technology and Innovation, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Dorothy Wavinya Nyamai
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Sospeter Ngoci Njeru
- Centre for Traditional Medicine and Drug Research (CTMDR), Kenya Medical Institute (KEMRI), Nairobi, Kenya
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Ali M, Hassan M, Ansari SA, Alkahtani HM, Al-Rasheed LS, Ansari SA. Quercetin and Kaempferol as Multi-Targeting Antidiabetic Agents against Mouse Model of Chemically Induced Type 2 Diabetes. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:757. [PMID: 38931424 PMCID: PMC11206732 DOI: 10.3390/ph17060757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes, a multifactorial metabolic disorder, demands the discovery of multi-targeting drugs with minimal side effects. This study investigated the multi-targeting antidiabetic potential of quercetin and kaempferol. The druggability and binding affinities of both compounds towards multiple antidiabetic targets were explored using pharmacokinetic and docking software (AutoDock Vina 1.1.2). Our findings showed that quercetin and kaempferol obey Lipinski's rule of five and exhibit desirable ADMET (absorption, distribution, metabolism excretion, and toxicity) profiles. Both compounds showed higher binding affinities towards C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-1 (IL-1), dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-IV), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG), protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP), and sodium-glucose co-transporter-1 (SGLT-1) compared to metformin (the positive control). Both quercetin and kaempferol inhibited α-amylase activity (in vitro) up to 20.30 ± 0.49 and 37.43 ± 0.42%, respectively. Their oral supplementation significantly reduced blood glucose levels (p < 0.001), improved lipid profile (p < 0.001), and enhanced total antioxidant status (p < 0.01) in streptozotocin-nicotinamide (STZ-NA)-induced diabetic mice. Additionally, both compounds significantly inhibited the proliferation of Huh-7 and HepG2 (cancer cells) (p < 0.0001) with no effect on the viability of Vero cell line (non-cancer). In conclusion, quercetin and kaempferol demonstrated higher binding affinities towards multiple targets than metformin. In vitro and in vivo antidiabetic potential along with the anticancer activities of both compounds suggest promise for further development in diabetes management. The combination of both drugs did not show a synergistic effect, possibly due to their same target on the receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad (UAF), Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan;
| | - Mudassir Hassan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad (UAF), Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan;
- Department of Biotechnology, Akhuwat Faisalabad Institute of Research Science and Technology Faisalabad (A-FIRST), Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Siddique Akber Ansari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.A.); (H.M.A.); (L.S.A.-R.)
| | - Hamad M. Alkahtani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.A.); (H.M.A.); (L.S.A.-R.)
| | - Lamees S. Al-Rasheed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.A.); (H.M.A.); (L.S.A.-R.)
| | - Shoeb Anwar Ansari
- Department of Drug Science, Technology University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy;
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Rahman A, Noor F, Ashfaq UA, Darwish HW, Aschner M, Din ZU, Khan H. Multitarget Mechanisms of Monocarbonyl Curcuminoid Analogues against HL-60 Cancer Cells: In Vitro and Network Pharmacology-Based Approach. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:11836-11847. [PMID: 38496962 PMCID: PMC10938336 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c09427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
This study addressed the cytotoxic potential of four compounds: monocarbonyl curcuminoid, ethyl (2E)-2-benzylidene-3-oxobutanoate 1, 1,2-dimethoxy-12-methyl-13H- [1,3] benzodioxolo[5,6-c] phenanthridine 2, 3,5-dibenzyloxybenzyl bromide 3, and (E)-4-(4-chlorobenzylidene)-1-(4-nitrophenyl)hexan-3-one 4. In vitro cytotoxic assays were carried out in HL-60 and BJ cells using the MTT assay along with analysis of apoptosis with the annexin V detection kit. Additional network pharmacology and docking analyses were carried out. In the in vitro assays, compounds 2 and 4 displayed significant antiproliferative effects in HL-60 cells, exhibiting IC50 values of 5.02 and 9.50 μM, respectively. Compound 1 showed no activity, and compound 3 displayed toxicity in BJ cells. In addition, both compounds 2 and 4 induced apoptosis in HL-60 cells. Network pharmacology and docking analyses indicated that compounds 2 and 4 had synergistic effects targeting the CASP3 and PARP1 proteins. Notably, these proteins play pivotal roles in cancer-related pathways. Thus, by modulating these proteins, monocarbonyl curcuminoid has the potential to influence various cancer-related pathways. In summary, our novel findings provide valuable insights into the potential of these compounds to serve as novel anticancer therapeutic agents, warranting further mechanistic studies and clinical exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha Rahman
- Department
of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University
Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Fatima Noor
- Department
of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government
College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
- Department
of Bioinformatics, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Usman Ali Ashfaq
- Department
of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government
College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Hany W. Darwish
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom
of Saudi Arabia
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department
of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein
College of Medicine, Forchheimer 209, 1300 Morris Park Avenue Bronx, New York 10461, United States
| | - Zia Ud Din
- LaBioMMi,
Department of Chemistry, Federal University
of São Carlos, CP 676, São Carlos 13.565-905, São Paulo, Brazil
- Guangzhou
Gusen Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd, Building B1, Yunsheng Science Park, No.11, Middle Spectrum Road,
Huangpu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510700, China
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department
of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University
Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
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Olaleye OO, Kim DH, Spriggs KA. Antiproliferative activities of some selected Nigerian medicinal plants against breast, liver, and cervical cancer cells. BMC Complement Med Ther 2024; 24:110. [PMID: 38448883 PMCID: PMC10916328 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-024-04365-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phytochemicals have become a growing source of alternative medicine in developing countries due to the poor prognosis, high cost of conventional pharmaceuticals, and undesirable effects associated with mainstream cancer treatment. OBJECTIVE This study was aimed at investigating the anticancer effect of some selected Nigerian medicinal plants used in cancer treatment. These include ethanol extracts of Dialium guineense root (DGR), Dialium guineense leaves (DGL), Jateorhiza macrantha leaves (JML), Musanga cecropioides leaves (MCL), Musanga cecropioides stembark (MCSB), Piptadeniastrum africanum stembark (PASB), Piptadeniastrum africanum root (PAR), Pupalia lappacea flower tops (PLF), Raphiostylis beninensis root (RBR), Raphiostylis beninensis leaves (RBL), Ritchiea capparoides leaves (RCL), Ritchiea capparoides stembark (RCSB), and Triplochiton scleroxylon stembark (TSB). METHODS The cytotoxic activity of the extracts was examined using a brine shrimp lethality assay and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay against three cancer cell lines, including MCF-7, HUH-7, and HeLa. The selectivity of all extracts towards cancer cells was investigated using normal lung fibroblasts (MRC-5). Cell migration and colony-forming assays of active extracts against MCF-7 cells were also performed. Additionally, the total polyphenolic contents of the active extracts were estimated using standard methods. RESULTS The extract of PASB had the highest cytotoxicity (LC50 = 1.58 μg/mL) on the brine shrimps compared to vincristine sulphate (LC50 = 2.24 μg/mL). In the cell viability assay, all the extracts produced significant (p < 0.05) growth inhibitory effects against all cell lines tested in a dose-dependent manner. All extracts were selective to cancer cells at varying degrees. Worth mentioning are the extracts of MCL, DGR, RBR, and PASB, which exhibited 14-, 7-, 6- and 2-fold selectivity toward MCF-7 cancer cells relative to normal lung fibroblast (MRC-5), respectively. These four extracts also significantly inhibited cell migration and colony formation in MCF-7-treated cells in dose-dependent manners. Considerable amounts of phenolics, flavonoids, and proanthocyanidins were detected in all extracts evaluated. CONCLUSION These findings advocate the continued development of MCL, DGR, RBR, and PASB as potential chemotherapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olubusola O Olaleye
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lagos, Lagos State, Nigeria.
| | - Dong-Hyun Kim
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Keith A Spriggs
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
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Giri-Rachman EA, Effendy VV, Azmi MHS, Yamahoki N, Stephanie R, Agustiyanti DF, Wisnuwardhani PH, Angelina M, Rubiyana Y, Aditama R, Ningrum RA, Wardiana A, Fibriani A. The SARS-CoV-2 M pro Dimer-Based Screening System: A Synthetic Biology Tool for Identifying Compounds with Dimerization Inhibitory Potential. ACS Synth Biol 2024; 13:509-520. [PMID: 38316139 PMCID: PMC10877612 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.3c00446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
The COVID-19 endemic remains a global concern. The search for effective antiviral candidates is still needed to reduce disease risk. However, the availability of high biosafety level laboratory facilities for drug screening is limited in number. To address this issue, a screening system that could be utilized at lower biosafety levels remains essential. This study aimed to develop a novel SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro) dimer-based screening system (DBSS) utilizing synthetic biology in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3). We linked the SARS-CoV-2 Mpro with the DNA-binding domain of AraC regulatory protein, which regulates the reporter gene expression. Protein modeling and molecular docking showed that saquinavir could bind to AraC-Mpro both in its monomer and dimer forms. The constructed DBSS assay indicated the screening system could detect saquinavir inhibitory activity at a concentration range of 4-10 μg/mL compared to the untreated control (P ≤ 0.05). The Vero E6 cell assay validated the DBSS result that saquinavir at 4-10 μg/mL exhibited antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2. Our DBSS could be used for preliminary screening of numerous drug candidates that possess a dimerization inhibitor activity of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro and also minimize the use of a high biosafety level laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vergio V. Effendy
- School
of Life Sciences and Technology, Institut
Teknologi Bandung, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad H. S. Azmi
- School
of Life Sciences and Technology, Institut
Teknologi Bandung, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
| | - Nicholas Yamahoki
- School
of Life Sciences and Technology, Institut
Teknologi Bandung, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
| | - Rebecca Stephanie
- School
of Life Sciences and Technology, Institut
Teknologi Bandung, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
| | - Dian F. Agustiyanti
- Research
Center for Genetic Engineering, Indonesian
National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong 16911, Indonesia
| | - Popi H. Wisnuwardhani
- Research
Center for Genetic Engineering, Indonesian
National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong 16911, Indonesia
| | - Marissa Angelina
- Research
Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredients and Traditional Medicine, Indonesian National Research and Innovation Agency
(BRIN), Serpong 15314, Indonesia
| | - Yana Rubiyana
- Research
Center for Genetic Engineering, Indonesian
National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong 16911, Indonesia
| | - Reza Aditama
- Biochemistry
Research Group, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
| | - Ratih A. Ningrum
- Research
Center for Genetic Engineering, Indonesian
National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong 16911, Indonesia
| | - Andri Wardiana
- Research
Center for Genetic Engineering, Indonesian
National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong 16911, Indonesia
| | - Azzania Fibriani
- School
of Life Sciences and Technology, Institut
Teknologi Bandung, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
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Ali M, Asghar E, Ali W, Mustafa G, Ansari IA, Zia S, Ansari SA, Khan S. Screening of Multitarget Compounds against Acetaminophen Hepatic Toxicity Using In Silico, In Vitro, and In Vivo Approaches. Molecules 2024; 29:428. [PMID: 38257341 PMCID: PMC10821416 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29020428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Combination therapy and multitarget drugs have recently attracted much attention as promising tools to fight against many challenging diseases and, thus, represent a new research focus area. The aim of the current project was to screen multitarget compounds and to study their individual and combined effects on acetaminophen-induced liver injury. In this study, 2 of the best hepatoprotective multitargeting compounds were selected from a pool of 40 major compounds present in Curcuma longa and Cinnamomum zeylanicum by using molecular docking, ADMET profiling, and Pfizer's rule of five. The two selected compounds, quercetin and curcumin, showed a high binding affinity for the CYP2E1 enzyme, MAPK, and TLR4 receptors that contribute to liver injury. The candidates caused the decreased viability of cancer cell lines (HepG2 and Huh7) but showed no effect on a normal cell line (Vero). Examination of biochemical parameters (ALT, AST, ALP, and bilirubin) showed the hepatoprotective effect of the candidate drugs in comparison with the control group, which was confirmed by histological findings. Taken together, quercetin and curcumin not only satisfied the drug-like assessment criterion and proved to be multitargeting by preventing liver damage but also showed anticancer activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad (UAF), Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan; (W.A.); (S.Z.)
| | - Esha Asghar
- Department of Biotechnology, Akhuwat Faisalabad Institute of Research Science and Technology (A-FIRST), Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan;
| | - Waqas Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad (UAF), Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan; (W.A.); (S.Z.)
| | - Ghulam Mustafa
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College University Faisalabad (GCUF), Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan;
| | - Irfan Aamer Ansari
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy;
| | - Saadiya Zia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad (UAF), Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan; (W.A.); (S.Z.)
| | - Siddique Akber Ansari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Sumaiya Khan
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, University “La Sapienza”, 00185 Rome, Italy;
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Paula Sales P, Das Dores Alves de Oliveira M, Figueiredo Watanabe JM, da Silva Barbosa AP, da Mata BCA, de Jesus E Silva Viana M, Dalia Rego Medeiros PC, Carvalho Souza D, Do Nascimento Silva J, Lima NM, da Costa Júnior JS, Alline Martins F, E Silva Filho FA, de Almeida PM. Phytochemical characterization, isolation, antioxidant and cytogenotoxic activity of leaves of Heliotropium elongatum (Lehm) I.M. Johnst. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2023; 86:871-897. [PMID: 37682045 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2023.2254815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Heliotropium elongatum is used to treat inflammation, cough, and flu. This study aimed to characterize the phytochemical profile and determine the total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant and cytogenotoxic activity of the ethanolic extract (EE), and fractions of H. elongatum leaves. In the phytochemical profile analysis, organic acids, reducing sugars, flavonoids, saponins, anthraquinones, steroids/triterpenes, and depsides/depsidones were detected in the EE and/or fractions (hexanic/FH, chloroformic/FC, ethyl acetate/FAE, and hydromethanolic/FHM). The highest TPC and highest antioxidant activity (DPPH and ABTS) was detected in FHM. In FH, 16 compounds were identified by GC-MS, and ursolic acid was isolated by 1H NMR and 13C NMR. HPLC-DAD from EE, FAE, and FHM demonstrated characteristic wavelengths for flavonoids, flavonols, flavones, and anthraquinones. ESI-IT/MSn analysis of EE, FC, FAE, and FHM revealed alkaloids, steroids, terpenoids, flavonoids, and phenolic acids. In Allium cepa assay there was no significant cytotoxic effect initiated by EE (62.5 to 1,000 µg/ml), FHM (1,000 µg/ml), and FAE (62.5 µg/ml). Genotoxicity was evidenced only with EE at 500 and 1,000 µg/ml, and FHM (62.5 to 1,000 µg/ml) as evidenced by presence of micronuclei (MN) and nuclear buds (NB). Our results identified compounds of medicinal interest with antioxidant activity; however observed cytogenotoxic changes indicated the need for caution when using these compounds for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poliana Paula Sales
- Department Chemistry, Graduate Program in Chemistry/PPGQ-GERATEC-DQ, State University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Brenda Caylla Alves da Mata
- Department of Genetics, Center in Biotechnology and Biodiversity, State University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Nerilson Marques Lima
- Department Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Goiania, Brasil
| | | | - Francielle Alline Martins
- Department of Genetics, Center in Biotechnology and Biodiversity, State University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | | | - Pedro Marcos de Almeida
- Department of Genetics, Center in Biotechnology and Biodiversity, State University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
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8
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Mani ST, Jayakumar P, Pavithra ME, Saranya K, Rathinavel T, Ammashi S. Green Synthesis and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles from Eclipta alba and Its Activity Against Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cell Line (MDA-MB-231). Mol Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s12033-023-00959-w. [PMID: 37993758 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00959-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) doesn't have well-defined molecular targets making it unable to treat with chemotherapy also have faster metastatic rate and worse survival rate. In the current study we aim to target TNBC through eco-friendly green synthesized silver nanoparticles having anti-cancer phytoconstituents from the traditional anti-cancer medicinal plant Eclipta alba. Green synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are agglomerates of spherical shaped 40-60 nm sized showing characteristic light absorption at 437 nm, banding pattern at 1479, 1285, 1036, and 471 showing and further X-ray diffraction pattern confirm face-centered cubic crystal silver structure exist in the green synthesized silver nanoparticle preparation. Further in vitro anti-oxidant analysis results revealed that green synthesized AgNPs showed 2.6-fold higher anti-oxidant potential (IC50 15.70 g/ml) than that of aqueous plant leaf extract (IC50 39.80 g/ml). In MTT cytotoxicity analysis Eclipta alba plant extract and AgNPs both display dose-dependent cytotoxicity against triple-negative breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231), although their IC50 values differ substantially, at 105.80 µg/ml and 77.20 g/ml, respectively. Finally, AgNPs from Eclipta alba tested for anti-leishmanial activity and it showed 91.36 ± 1.05 for promastigotes and 76.62 ± 0.95 for amastigotes at the highest dose of 400 g/ml. Altogether present data showed that Eclipta alba leaf extract actively bonded with silver nanoparticles suppresses the MDA-MB-231 cells growth through high antioxidant characters and anti-leishmanial activity. From together we confirm that Eclipta alba was recommended to a future therapeutic drug and agent to control breast cancer in the clinical level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Thanjavur Mani
- PG and Research Department of Biochemistry, Rajah Serfoji Government College (Autonomous), Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, 613 005, India
| | - P Jayakumar
- Department of Chemistry, OPJS University, Churu, Rajasthan, 331 303, India
| | - Marimuthu E Pavithra
- Department of Microbiology, KMCH College of Nursing, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641 048, India
| | - K Saranya
- Department of Physics, Government College of Engineering, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, 613 402, India
| | | | - Subramanian Ammashi
- PG and Research Department of Biochemistry, Rajah Serfoji Government College (Autonomous), Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, 613 005, India.
- Department of Biochemistry, Bharathi Womens College (Autonomous), Affiliated to Madras University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600108, India.
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9
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Fibriani A, Taharuddin AAP, Yamahoki N, Stephanie R, Laurelia J, Agustiyanti DF, Wisnuwardhani PH, Angelina M, Rubiyana Y, Ningrum RA, Wardiana A, Desriani D, Iskandar F, Permatasari FA, Giri-Rachman EA. Porphyrin-derived carbon dots for an enhanced antiviral activity targeting the CTD of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2023; 21:93. [PMID: 37801271 PMCID: PMC10558421 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-023-00548-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since effective antiviral drugs for COVID-19 are still limited in number, the exploration of compounds that have antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 is in high demand. Porphyrin is potentially developed as a COVID-19 antiviral drug. However, its low solubility in water restricts its clinical application. Reconstruction of porphyrin into carbon dots is expected to possess better solubility and bioavailability as well as lower biotoxicity. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, we investigated the antiviral activity of porphyrin and porphyrin-derived carbon dots against SARS-CoV-2. Through the in silico analysis and assessment using a novel drug screening platform, namely dimer-based screening system, we demonstrated the capability of the antivirus candidates in inhibiting the dimerization of the C-terminal domain of SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid. It was shown that porphyrin-derived carbon dots possessed lower cytotoxicity on Vero E6 cells than porphyrin. Furthermore, we also assessed their antiviral activity on the SARS-CoV-2-infected Vero E6 cells. The transformation of porphyrin into carbon dots substantially augmented its performance in disrupting SARS-CoV-2 propagation in vitro. CONCLUSIONS Therefore, this study comprehensively demonstrated the potential of porphyrin-derived carbon dots to be developed further as a promisingly safe and effective COVID-19 antiviral drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azzania Fibriani
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia.
- Research Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia.
| | | | - Nicholas Yamahoki
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
| | - Rebecca Stephanie
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
| | - Jessica Laurelia
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
| | - Dian Fitria Agustiyanti
- Research Center for Genetic Engineering, Indonesian National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong, 16911, Indonesia
| | - Popi Hadi Wisnuwardhani
- Research Center for Genetic Engineering, Indonesian National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong, 16911, Indonesia
| | - Marissa Angelina
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredients and Traditional Medicine, Indonesian National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Serpong, 15314, Indonesia
| | - Yana Rubiyana
- Research Center for Genetic Engineering, Indonesian National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong, 16911, Indonesia
| | - Ratih Asmana Ningrum
- Research Center for Genetic Engineering, Indonesian National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong, 16911, Indonesia
| | - Andri Wardiana
- Research Center for Genetic Engineering, Indonesian National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong, 16911, Indonesia
| | - Desriani Desriani
- Research Center for Genetic Engineering, Indonesian National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong, 16911, Indonesia
| | - Ferry Iskandar
- Research Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
- Collaboration Research Center for Advanced Energy Materials, National Research and Innovation Agency-Institut Teknologi, Bandung, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
| | - Fitri Aulia Permatasari
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
- Collaboration Research Center for Advanced Energy Materials, National Research and Innovation Agency-Institut Teknologi, Bandung, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
- Research Center for Chemistry, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Serpong, 15314, Indonesia
| | - Ernawati Arifin Giri-Rachman
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
- Research Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
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10
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Sravani A, Chandrasekaran N, Thomas J, Mukherjee A. Formulation and characterization of cisplatin-loaded hydroxyl functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes for targeting gastric cancer stem cells. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18798. [PMID: 37593603 PMCID: PMC10432176 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy is the most commonly used therapeutic method for treating many malignancies including gastric cancer. Due to their non-specific and non-targeted drug delivery, it causes resistance leading to cancer progression, relapse, and metastasis of cancer. To overcome this problem we carried out a study aimed to develop a new cisplatin (Cisp) loaded hydroxyl functionalized single-walled carbon nanotube (OH-SWCNT) nanocarrier system to selectively eliminate gastric cancer stem cells. To our understanding, this is the first study of the non-covalent interaction of cisplatin loaded on the surface of hydroxyl-functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes by ultrasonication. The physical and morphological characterization was carried out by UV-Vis, FTIR spectroscopy, and TEM. A sustained and controlled release of cisp from OH-SWCNT at all three pHs 3.5, 5.5, and 7.4 was observed. Gastric cancer stem cells were isolated from primary cells and were identified by using CD133+ and CD44+ specific markers. Cisplatin-loaded OH-SWCNT nanocarrier was capable of limiting the self-renewal capacity of both CD133+ and CD44+ populations and also decreasing the number of tumorspheres in gastric CSCs. The cell viability percent of AGS cells was 20% at 250 μg/ml concentration. The IC50 value was less than 50% mol/L at both 200 μg/ml and 250 μg/ml of cisplatin-loaded OH-SWCNT. Our findings suggest that cisplatin-loaded OH-SWCNT nanocarrier complexes could target gastric CSCs and also could provide a potential strategy for selectively targeting and efficiently eliminating gastric CSCs. This could be a promising approach to prevent gastric cancer recurrence and metastasis and also improve gastric cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A.N.K.V. Sravani
- Centre for Nanobiotechnology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Natarajan Chandrasekaran
- Centre for Nanobiotechnology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - John Thomas
- Centre for Nanobiotechnology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Amitava Mukherjee
- Centre for Nanobiotechnology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
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11
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Moyo AA, Jagadhane KS, Bhosale SR, Patil DN, Shimpale VB, Anbhule PV. Phytochemical Profiling, Antimicrobial, Antiproliferative and Apoptotic Effects of Stemodia viscosa Roxb. of Western Ghats Region, India. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202300332. [PMID: 37461844 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202300332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
The present study shows the chemical profile, antimicrobial, antiproliferative, and apoptotic effects of Stemodia viscosa extracts. Thirteen bioactive compounds were identified in the 80 % ethanolic extract by GC/MS analysis. The acetone extract exhibited a higher content of flavonoids and phenols of 805.10 μg QE/mg DW and 89.31 μg GAE/mg DW extracts, respectively. Furthermore, the acetone extract possessed the highest antioxidant activity (IC50 =9.96 μg/mL). The 80 % ethanolic extract exhibited significant antimicrobial activity; the highest activity was observed against Staphylococcus aureus with a zone of inhibition of 25±0.51 mm, MIC value of 4 mg/mL, and MBC value of 8 mg/mL. The antiproliferative results revealed the presence of anticancer activity with an IC50 =91.562 and 74.362 μg/mL against the B16F10 skin and COLO205 colon cancer cells, respectively. The flow cytometric analysis shows that the plant extracts cause cancer cell death through the induction of apoptosis. Our findings confirmed that Stemodia viscosa is a potential source of biologically active compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredi A Moyo
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, 416004, Maharashtra-India
| | - Kishor S Jagadhane
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, 416004, Maharashtra-India
| | - Sneha R Bhosale
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, 416004, Maharashtra-India
| | - Devashree N Patil
- Department of Biotechnology, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, India-, 416004, Maharashtra-India
| | - Vinod B Shimpale
- Department of Botany, The New College, Kolhapur, 416004, Maharashtra-India
| | - Prashant V Anbhule
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, 416004, Maharashtra-India
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12
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El-Zeftawy M, Ghareeb D. Pharmacological bioactivity of Ceratonia siliqua pulp extract: in vitro screening and molecular docking analysis, implication of Keap-1/Nrf2/NF-ĸB pathway. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12209. [PMID: 37500735 PMCID: PMC10374561 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39034-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is interfaced with various metabolic disorders. Ceratonia siliqua (CS) has a higher pharmaceutical purpose. The research aimed to investigate the biofunction of CS pulp aqueous extract (CS-PAE) with an emphasis on its integrated computational approaches as opposed to different specific receptors contributing to inflammation. The extract was assessed for its chemical and phenolic components via GC-MS, LC-MS, HPLC, and total phenolic and flavonoid content. In vitro, bioactivities and molecular docking were analyzed. Findings indicate that CS-PAE demonstrated higher scavenging activities of nitric oxide, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical, superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide, and anti-lipid peroxidation (IC50 values were 5.29, 3.04, 0.63, 7.35 and 9.6 mg/dl, respectively). The extract revealed potent inhibition of RBCs hemolysis, acetylcholine esterase, monoamine oxidase-B, and α-glucosidase enzymes (IC50 was 13.44, 9.31, 2.45, and 1.5 mg/dl, respectively). The extract exhibited a cytotoxic effect against prostate cancer Pc3, liver cancer HepG2, colon cancer Caco2, and lung cancer A549 cell lines. Moreover, CS-PAE owned higher antiviral activity against virus A and some bacteria. When contrasting data from molecular docking, it was reported that both apigenin-7-glucoside and rutin in CS-PAE have a good affinity toward the Keap-1/Nrf2/ NF-ĸB pathway. In conclusion, CS-PAE showed promise in therapeutic activity in metabolic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa El-Zeftawy
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, New Valley University, El-Kharga, New Valley, Egypt.
| | - Doaa Ghareeb
- Biological Screening and Preclinical Trial Lab, Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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13
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Zakaria NH, Saad N, Che Abdullah CA, Mohd Esa N. The Antiproliferative Effect of Chloroform Fraction of Eleutherine bulbosa (Mill.) Urb. on 2D- and 3D-Human Lung Cancer Cells (A549) Model. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:936. [PMID: 37513848 PMCID: PMC10384492 DOI: 10.3390/ph16070936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Since lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, research is being conducted to discover anticancer agents as its treatment. Eleutherine bulbosa, a Dayak folklore medicine, exhibited anticancer effects against several cancer cells; however, its anticancer potency against lung cancer cells has not been explored yet. This study aims to determine the anticancer potency of E. bulbosa bulbs against lung cancer cells (A549) using 2D and 3D culture models, as well as determine its active compounds using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. Three fractions of E. bulbosa bulbs, namely chloroform, n-hexane, and ethyl acetate, were tested for cytotoxicity using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium-bromide (MTT) and CellTiter-Glo. The antiproliferative effects of the most cytotoxic fraction against the 2D culture model were determined by a clonogenic survival assay and propidium iodide/Hoechst 33342 double staining, whereas the effects against the 3D culture model were determined by microscopy, flow cytometry, and gene expression analysis. The chloroform fraction is the most cytotoxic against A549 cells than other fractions, and it inhibited colony formation and induced apoptosis of A549 cells. The chloroform fraction also inhibited the growth of the A549 spheroid by suppressing the spheroid size, inducing apoptosis, reducing the proportion of CD44 lung cancer stem cells, causing arrest at the S phase of the cell cycle, and suppressing the expression of the SOX2 and MYC genes. Furthermore, the GC-MS analysis detected 20 active compounds in the chloroform fraction, including the major compounds of eleutherine and isoeleutherine. In conclusion, the chloroform fraction of E. bulbosa bulbs exhibit its antiproliferative effect on 2D and 3D culture models of A549 cells, suggesting it could be a lung cancer chemopreventive agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Hannan Zakaria
- UPM-MAKNA Cancer Research Laboratory (CANRES), Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Natural Medicine and Product Research Laboratory (NaturMeds), Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Norazalina Saad
- UPM-MAKNA Cancer Research Laboratory (CANRES), Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Che Azurahanim Che Abdullah
- UPM-MAKNA Cancer Research Laboratory (CANRES), Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Materials Synthesis and Characterization Laboratory (MSCL), Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ION2), Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Norhaizan Mohd Esa
- Natural Medicine and Product Research Laboratory (NaturMeds), Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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14
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Narayanan M, Gothandapani A, Venugopalan R, Rethinam M, Pitchai S, Alahmadi TA, Almoallim HS, Kandasamy S, Brindhadevi K. Antioxidant and anticancer potential of ethyl acetate extract of bark and flower of Tecoma stans (Linn) and In Silico studies on phytoligands against Bcl2 and VEGFR2 factors. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 231:116112. [PMID: 37182829 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to appraise the antioxidant and anticancer competence of solvent extracts of Tecoma stans (Linn) and analyze the phytoligands interaction against Bcl2 VEGFR2 through in silico studies. The phytochemical analysis revealed that the ethyl acetate extract contains more number of pharmaceutically valuable phytochemicals than other solvent extracts. Among the various phytochemicals, flavonoid was found as a predominant component, and UV-Vis- spectrophotometer analysis initially confirmed it. Hence, the column chromatogram was performed to purify the flavonoid, and High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was performed. It revealed that the flavonoid enriched fraction by compared with standard flavonoid molecules. About 84.69% and 80.43% of antioxidant activity were found from ethyl acetate extract of bark and flower at the dosage of 80 μg mL-1 with the IC50 value of 47.24 and 43.40 μg mL-1, respectively. In a dose-dependent mode, the ethyl acetate extract of bark and flower showed cytotoxicity against breast cancer cell line MCF 7 (Michigan Cancer Foundation-7) as up to 81.38% and 80.94% of cytotoxicity respectively. Furthermore, the IC50 was found as 208.507 μg mL-1 and 207.38 μg mL-1 for bark and flower extract correspondingly. About 10 medicinal valued flavonoid components were identified from bark (6) and flower (4) ethyl acetate extract through LC-MS analysis. Out of 10 components, the 3,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid (ΔG -8.8) and Isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside (ΔG -8.3) had the competence to interact with Bcl2 (B-Cell Lymphoma 2) and VEGFR2 (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 2) respectively with more energy. Hence, these results confirm that the ethyl acetate extract of bark and flower of T. stans has significant medicinal potential and could be used as antioxidant and anticancer agent after some animal performance study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathiyazhagan Narayanan
- Division of Research and Innovations, Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science, Chennai, 602 105, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Anburaj Gothandapani
- Department of Chemistry PRIST Deemed to be University Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rajasudha Venugopalan
- Department of Chemistry, Annai Velankanni Arts & Science College, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Manikandan Rethinam
- Department of Chemistry, A.V.V.M Sri Pushpam College, Poondi, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sakunthala Pitchai
- Deparment of Chemistry, Government Arts & Science College for Women, Orathanad, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Tahani Awad Alahmadi
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine and King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University, Medical City, PO Box-2925, Riyadh, 11461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hesham S Almoallim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, PO Box-60169, Riyadh, 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sabariswaran Kandasamy
- Water-Energy Nexus Laboratory, Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul, 02504, Republic of Korea
| | - Kathirvel Brindhadevi
- Computational Engineering and Design Research Group, School of Engineering and Technology, Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
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15
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Sousa LR, Oliveira AGS, Arantes A, Junqueira JGM, Alexandre GP, Severino VGP, Reis RM, Kim B, Ribeiro RIMA. Acetogenins-Rich Fractions of Annona coriacea Suppress Human Glioblastoma Viability and Migration by Regulating Necroptosis and MMP-2 Activity In Vitro. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28093809. [PMID: 37175219 PMCID: PMC10179884 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is an incurable primary brain tumor with a poor prognosis. Resection, radiation therapy, and temozolomide (TMZ) are insufficient to increase survival, making the treatment limited. Thus, the search for more effective and specific treatments is essential, making plants a promising source for elucidating new anti-glioblastoma compounds. Accordingly, this study investigated the effects of four fractions of hexane and ethyl acetate extract of Annona coriacea Mart., enriched with acetogenins, against GBM cell lines. All four fractions were selectively cytotoxic to GBM cells when compared to TMZ. Moreover, A. coriacea fractions delayed cell migration; reduced cytoplasmic projections, the metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) activity; and induced morphological changes characteristic of necroptosis, possibly correlated with the increase in receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 and 3 (RIP-1 and RIP-3), apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF), and the non-activation of cleaved caspase 8. The present findings reinforce that fractions of A. coriacea Mart. should be considered for more studies focusing treatment of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena R Sousa
- Experimental Pathology Laboratory, Federal University of São João del Rei (UFSJ), 400, Sebastião Gonçalves Coelho, Chanadour, Divinópolis 35501-296, MG, Brazil
| | - Ana Gabriela S Oliveira
- Experimental Pathology Laboratory, Federal University of São João del Rei (UFSJ), 400, Sebastião Gonçalves Coelho, Chanadour, Divinópolis 35501-296, MG, Brazil
| | - Antônio Arantes
- Experimental Pathology Laboratory, Federal University of São João del Rei (UFSJ), 400, Sebastião Gonçalves Coelho, Chanadour, Divinópolis 35501-296, MG, Brazil
| | - João Gabriel M Junqueira
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Goiás (UFG), University Campus, Goiânia 74968-755, GO, Brazil
| | - Gerso P Alexandre
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Goiás (UFG), University Campus, Goiânia 74968-755, GO, Brazil
| | - Vanessa G P Severino
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Goiás (UFG), University Campus, Goiânia 74968-755, GO, Brazil
| | - Rui Manuel Reis
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos 14784-400, SP, Brazil
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Bonglee Kim
- College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02453, Republic of Korea
| | - Rosy I M A Ribeiro
- Experimental Pathology Laboratory, Federal University of São João del Rei (UFSJ), 400, Sebastião Gonçalves Coelho, Chanadour, Divinópolis 35501-296, MG, Brazil
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16
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Muruthi CW, Ngugi MP, Runo SM, Mwitari PG. In Vitro Antiproliferative Effects and Phytochemical Characterization of Carissa edulis ((Forssk) Vahl) and Pappea capensis (Eckyl and Zeyh) Extracts. J Evid Based Integr Med 2023; 28:2515690X231187711. [PMID: 37489007 PMCID: PMC10387709 DOI: 10.1177/2515690x231187711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer mortality is a global concern. The current therapeutic approaches despite showing efficacy are characterized by several limitations. Search for alternatives has led to the use of herbal plants including C. edulis and P. capensis. However, there is limited research on antiproliferative effects of these medicinal plants. The study sought to evaluate antiproliferative effects of the plants against human breast and prostate cancers using cell viability, and gene expression assays to determine modulation of apoptotic genes. Further, Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrophotometer (LC-MS) and Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrophotometer (GC-MS) analyses were performed to confirm phytocompounds in the extracts. The results indicated that ethylacetate extracts of C. edulis and P. capensis had the highest activity against cancer cells with IC50 values of 2.12 ± 0.02, and 6.57 ± 0.03 μg/ml on HCC 1395 and 2.92 ± 0.17 and 5.00 ± 0.17 μg/ml on DU145, respectively. Moreover, the plants extracts exhibited relatively less cytotoxic activities against Vero cell lines (IC50 > 20 μg/ml). The extracts also exhibit selectivity against the cancer cells (SI > 3). Further, mRNA expression of p53 in the treated HCC 1395 was increased by 7 and 3-fold, whereas by 3 and 2-fold in DU145 cells, upon treatment with ethylacetate extracts of C. edulis and P. capensis, respectively. Similarly, several-fold increases were observed in the number of transcripts of Bax in HCC 1395 and HOXB13 in DU145 cells. Phytochemical analyses detected presence of phytocompounds including flavonoids, phenolics, tocopherols and terpenoids which are associated with anticancer activity. Findings from this study provide a scientific validation for the folklore use of these plants in management of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn Wanjira Muruthi
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology-Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Mathew Piero Ngugi
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology-Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Steven Maina Runo
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology-Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Peter Githaiga Mwitari
- Centre for Traditional Medicine and Drug Research-Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Nairobi, Kenya
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17
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Green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles using Sea Lavender (Limonium pruinosum L. Chaz.) extract: characterization, evaluation of anti-skin cancer, antimicrobial and antioxidant potentials. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20370. [PMID: 36437355 PMCID: PMC9701696 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24805-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, a green, sustainable, simple and low-cost method was adopted for the synthesis of ZnO NPs, for the first time, using the aqueous extract of sea lavender, Limonium pruinosum (L.) Chaz., as a reducing, capping, and stabilizing agent. The obtained ZnO NPs were characterized using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-VIS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The UV-Vis spectra of the green synthesized ZnO NPs showed a strong absorption peak at about 370 nm. Both electron microscopy and XRD confirmed the hexagonal/cubic crystalline structure of ZnO NPs with an average size ~ 41 nm. It is worth noting that the cytotoxic effect of the ZnO NPs on the investigated cancer cells is dose-dependent. The IC50 of skin cancer was obtained at 409.7 µg/ml ZnO NPs. Also, the phyto-synthesized nanoparticles exhibited potent antibacterial and antifungal activity particularly against Gram negative bacteria Escherichia coli (ATCC 8739) and the pathogenic fungus Candida albicans (ATCC 10221). Furthermore, they showed considerable antioxidant potential. Thus, making them a promising biocompatible candidate for pharmacological and therapeutic applications.
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18
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Phytochemical Characterization, Anti-Oxidant, Anti-Enzymatic and Cytotoxic Effects of Artemisia verlotiorum Lamotte Extracts: A New Source of Bioactive Agents. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27185886. [PMID: 36144622 PMCID: PMC9500874 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27185886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Artemisia verlotiorum Lamotte is recognized medicinally given its long-standing ethnopharmacological uses in different parts of the world. Nonetheless, the pharmacological properties of the leaves of the plant have been poorly studied by the scientific community. Hence, this study aimed to decipher the phytochemicals; quantify through HPLC-ESI-MS analysis the plant’s biosynthesis; and evaluate the antioxidant, anti-tyrosinase, amylase, glucosidase, cholinesterase, and cytotoxicity potential on normal (NIH 3T3) and human liver and human colon cancer (HepG2 and HT 29) cell lines of this plant species. The aqueous extract contained the highest content of phenolics and phenolic acid, methanol extracted the most flavonoid, and the most flavonol was extracted by ethyl acetate. The one-way ANOVA results demonstrated that all results obtained were statistically significant at p < 0.05. A total of 25 phytoconstituents were identified from the different extracts, with phenolic acids and flavonoids being the main metabolites. The highest antioxidant potential was recorded for the aqueous extract. The best anti-tyrosinase extract was the methanolic extract. The ethyl acetate extract of A. verlotiorum had the highest flavonol content and hence was most active against the cholinesterase enzymes. The ethyl acetate extract was the best α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitor. The samples of Artemisia verlotiorum Lamotte in both aqueous and methanolic extracts were found to be non-toxic after 48 h against NIH 3T3 cells. In HepG2 cells, the methanolic extract was nontoxic up to 125 µg/mL, and an IC50 value of 722.39 µg/mL was recorded. The IC50 value exhibited in methanolic extraction of A. verlotiorum was 792.91 µg/mL in HT29 cells. Methanolic extraction is capable of inducing cell cytotoxicity in human hepatocellular carcinoma without damaging normal cells. Hence, A. verlotiorum can be recommended for further evaluation of its phytochemical and medicinal properties.
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Rajput M, Bithel N. Phytochemical characterization and evaluation of antioxidant, antimicrobial, antibiofilm and anticancer activities of ethyl acetate seed extract of Hydnocarpus laurifolia (Dennst) Sleummer. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:215. [PMID: 35959166 PMCID: PMC9360287 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03267-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Various functional groups were observed in the FTIR analysis of Hydnocarpus laurifolia seeds ethyl acetate extract such as O-H, N-H, C-H, -CH2, O=C=O, C=O, C=O-NH, and CH3, etc. Eleven bioactive compounds were detected via GC-MS and the predominant compounds include (1S)-2-cyclopentene-1-tridecanoicacid (chaulmoogric acid) (80.59%); 2-cyclopentene-1-undecanoic acid (hydnocarpic acid) (6.76%); cyclobutylamine (5.28%); methyl thioacetate (ethanethioic acid) (4.84%); lignoceric acid (2.21%). The TPC and TFC values were 0.110 ± 0.04 GAE g-1 and 0.175 ± 0.05 g CE g-1 respectively. Ethyl acetate extract showed strong DDPH free radical scavenging activity with IC50 value 10.64 ± 0.48 µg ml-1 and antioxidant activity index 3.759. The ethyl acetate extract also exhibited potential ABTS radical scavenging efficacy with a very low IC50 value, i.e., 07.81 ± 0.48 µg ml-1. P. aeruginosa was the most sensitive bacteria to the extract with 33.16 ± 0.88 mm inhibition zone and MIC: 3.12 mg ml-1, MBC: 6.25 mg ml-1. P. aeruginosa biofilm was inhibited by ethyl acetate extract 99.22% at MIC concentration. The LM images displayed a decrease in the number of biofilm cells and FE-SEM micrographs showcased the extensive decrease as well as disintegration in biofilm. Additionally, ethyl acetate extract was found selectively cytotoxic to the K562 cancer cells having an IC50 of 25.41 μg ml-1 and barely cytotoxic to normal PBMCs having an IC50 of 482.54 μg ml-1, and the selectivity index value was 18.99. Data validate scientifically the traditional use of H. laurifolia seeds in folk medicines and confirmed that it can be used in modern phytomedicines as an antioxidant, antimicrobial, antibiofilm, and anticancer agent and is toxicologically safe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minakshi Rajput
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Gurukula Kangri (Deemed to be University), Haridwar, Uttarakhand 249404 India
- School of Applied and Life Sciences (SALS), Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248007 India
| | - Navneet Bithel
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Gurukula Kangri (Deemed to be University), Haridwar, Uttarakhand 249404 India
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Ajibare AC, Ebuehi OAT, Adisa RA, Sofidiya MO, Olugbuyiro JA, Akinyede KA, Iyiola HA, Adegoke YA, Omoruyi SI, Ekpo OE. Fractions of Hoslundia opposita Vahl and hoslundin induced apoptosis in human cancer cells via mitochondrial-dependent reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113475. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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Molecular Modeling Study of Novel Lancifolamide Bioactive Molecule as an Inhibitor of Acetylcholinesterase (AChE), Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV-1), and Anti-proliferative Proteins. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27175480. [PMID: 36080247 PMCID: PMC9458197 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Combretaceae, an immense family involving species (500) or genera (20), originates in tropical and subtropical regions. This family has evinced medicinal values such as anti-leishmanial, cytotoxic, antibacterial, antidiabetic, antiprotozoal, and antifungal properties. Conocarpus lancifolius (C. lancifolius) methanol extract (CLM) was prepared, then compound isolation performed by open column chromatography, and compound structure was determined by spectroscopic techniques (13C NMR, IR spectroscopy, 1H-NMR, mass spectrometry UV-visible, and 2D correlation techniques). Molecular docking studies of ligand were performed on transcriptional regulators 4EY7 and 2GV9 to observe possible interactions. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of secondary metabolites including steroids, cardiac glycosides, saponins, anthraquinones, and flavonoids. The isolated compound was distinguished as lancifolamide (LFD). It showed cytotoxic activity against human breast cancer, murine lymphocytic leukemia, and normal cells, human embryonic kidney cells, and rat glioma cells with IC50 values of 0.72 µg/mL, 2.01 µg/mL, 1.55 µg/mL, and 2.40 µg/mL, respectively. Although no cytotoxic activity was noticed against human colon cancer and human lung cancer, LFD showed 24.04% inhibition against BChE and 60.30% inhibition against AChE and is therefore beneficial for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). AChE and LFD interact mechanistically in a way that is optimum for neurodegenerative disorders, according to molecular docking studies. Methanol and dichloromethane extract of C. lancifolius and LFD shows antibacterial and antifungal activity against antibiotic resistance Bacillus subtilis, Streptococcus mutans, Brevibacillus laterosporus, Salmonella Typhi, Candida albicans, and Cryptococcus neoformans, respectively. LFD shows antiviral activity against HSV-1 with 26% inhibition IP. The outcomes of this study support the use of LFD for cognitive disorders and highlight its underlying mechanism, targeting AChE, DNA-POL, NF-KB, and TNF-α, etc., for the first time.
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22
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Syame SM, Mohamed SM, Elgabry EA, Darwish YAA, Mansour AS. Chemical characterization, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and cytotoxic potentials of Swietenia mahagoni. AMB Express 2022; 12:77. [PMID: 35705723 PMCID: PMC9200926 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-022-01406-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases are the most important cause of death worldwide. Many of these diseases show great resistance to drugs and antibiotics with long-term use. Extracts of some medicinal plants have antimicrobial properties, which can treat and overcome these diseases. Meliaceae is a family of timber trees used extensively in treating many bacterial and fungal diseases, especially Swietenia mahagoni (L.) Jacq. In this study, phytochemical screening, gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis, and antimicrobial, antioxidant, and antitumor activities of the methanolic extract of S. mahagoni (L.) leaves were performed. Phytochemical screening exhibited the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, phenols, triterpenoids, glycosides, and tannins. GC/MS analysis exhibited 40 compounds, mainly 7-hexadecene, (Z)-, imidazole-4,5-d2, and 1-acetyl-4,4-bis[4-(3-bromopropoxy)-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl] piperidine. The antibacterial and antifungal potentials of the methanolic extract of S. mahagoni (L.) leaves was investigated using the agar well diffusion technique. Potent antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, Enterobacter aerogenes, and Proteus vulgaris and antifungal activity against Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, and Candida albicans were found. The minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal and fungicidal concentrations ranged from 12.5 to 25 mg/mL. Antioxidant activity was studied using the free radical scavenging assay, and the IC50 value of the leaf extract was 69.9 µg/mL. Cytotoxic activity was screened using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, and the IC50 value was 44.2 µg/mL. These findings suggested the importance of this plant in treating some bacterial and fungal infections and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohier M Syame
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Samy M Mohamed
- Department of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622, Cairo, Egypt
| | - E A Elgabry
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Asmaa S Mansour
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622, Cairo, Egypt.
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High-throughput metabolomics reveals dysregulation of hydrophobic metabolomes in cancer cell lines by Eleusine indica. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9347. [PMID: 35668092 PMCID: PMC9168358 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13575-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Eleusine indica, which is used in traditional medicine, exhibits antiproliferative activity against several cancer cell lines. However, metabolomic studies to evaluate the metabolite changes induced by E. indica in cancer cells are still lacking. The present study investigated the anticancer effects of a root fraction of E. indica (R-S5-C1-H1) on H1299, MCF-7, and SK-HEP-1 cell lines and analyzed metabolic changes in the treated cancer cells using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS). Cell metabolic activity assays demonstrated that the cell viability of the three cancer cell lines was significantly reduced following treatment with R-S5-C1-H1, with half-maximal inhibitory concentrations values of 12.95 µg/mL, 15.99 µg/mL, and 13.69 µg/mL at 72 h, respectively. Microscopy analysis using Hoechst 33342 and Annexin V fluorescent dyes revealed that cells treated with R-S5-C1-H1 underwent apoptotic cell death, while chemometric analysis suggested that apoptosis was triggered 48 h after treatment with R-S5-C1-H1. Deconvoluted cellular metabolomics revealed that hydrophobic metabolites were significantly altered, including triacylglycerols, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, sphingomyelin, and ceramide, suggesting that apoptosis induction by R-S5-C1-H1 potentially occurred through modulation of phospholipid synthesis and sphingolipid metabolism. These metabolomic profiling results provide new insights into the anticancer mechanisms of E. indica and facilitate the overall understanding of molecular events following therapeutic interventions.
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Zulkipli M, Mahbub N, Fatima A, Wan-Lin SL, Khoo TJ, Mahboob T, Rajagopal M, Samudi C, Kathirvalu G, Abdullah NH, Pinho AR, Oliveira SMR, Pereira MDL, Rahmatullah M, Hasan A, Paul AK, Butler MS, Nawaz M, Wilairatana P, Nissapatorn V, Wiart C. Isolation and Characterization of Werneria Chromene and Dihydroxyacidissimol from Burkillanthus malaccensis (Ridl.) Swingle. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:1388. [PMID: 35684161 PMCID: PMC9182682 DOI: 10.3390/plants11111388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The secondary metabolites of endemic plants from the Rutaceae family, such as Burkillanthusmalaccensis (Ridl.) Swingle from the rainforest of Malaysia, has not been studied. Burkillanthusmalaccensis (Ridl.) Swingle may produce antibacterial and antibiotic-potentiating secondary metabolites. Hexane, chloroform, and methanol extracts of leaves, bark, wood, pericarps, and endocarps were tested against bacteria by broth microdilution assay and their antibiotic-potentiating activities. Chromatographic separations of hexane extracts of seeds were conducted to investigate effective phytochemicals and their antibacterial activities. Molecular docking studies of werneria chromene and dihydroxyacidissiminol against SARS-CoV-2 virus infection were conducted using AutoDock Vina. The methanol extract of bark inhibited the growth of Staphylococcusaureus, Escherichiacoli, and Pseudomonasaeruginosa with the minimum inhibitory concentration of 250, 500, and 250 µg/mL, respectively. The chloroform extract of endocarps potentiated the activity of imipenem against imipenem-resistant Acinetobacterbaumannii. The hexane extract of seeds increased the sensitivity of P. aeruginosa against ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin. The hexane extract of seeds and chloroform extract of endocarps were chromatographed, yielding werneria chromene and dihydroxyacidissiminol. Werneria chromene was bacteriostatic for P.aeruginosa and P.putida, with MIC/MBC values of 1000 > 1000 µg/mL. Dihydroxyacidissiminol showed the predicted binding energies of −8.1, −7.6, −7.0, and −7.5 kcal/mol with cathepsin L, nsp13 helicase, SARS-CoV-2 main protease, and SARS-CoV-2 spike protein receptor-binding domain S-RBD. Burkillanthusmalaccensis (Ridl.) Swingle can be a potential source of natural products with antibiotic-potentiating activity and that are anti-SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masyitah Zulkipli
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Semenyih 43500, Malaysia; (M.Z.); (N.M.); (S.L.W.-L.); (T.-J.K.)
| | - Nuzum Mahbub
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Semenyih 43500, Malaysia; (M.Z.); (N.M.); (S.L.W.-L.); (T.-J.K.)
| | - Ayesha Fatima
- Beykoz Institute of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul 34093, Turkey;
| | - Stefanie Lim Wan-Lin
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Semenyih 43500, Malaysia; (M.Z.); (N.M.); (S.L.W.-L.); (T.-J.K.)
| | - Teng-Jin Khoo
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Semenyih 43500, Malaysia; (M.Z.); (N.M.); (S.L.W.-L.); (T.-J.K.)
| | - Tooba Mahboob
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (T.M.); (C.S.); (G.K.)
| | - Mogana Rajagopal
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia;
| | - Chandramathi Samudi
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (T.M.); (C.S.); (G.K.)
| | - Gheetanjali Kathirvalu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (T.M.); (C.S.); (G.K.)
| | - Nor Hayati Abdullah
- Natural Product Division, Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM), Kepong 52109, Malaysia;
| | - Ana Rita Pinho
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (A.R.P.); (M.d.L.P.)
- Neuroscience and Signaling Laboratory, Institute of Biomedicine-IBIMED, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Sonia M. R. Oliveira
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
- Hunter Medical Research Institute (HMRI), New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Maria de Lourdes Pereira
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (A.R.P.); (M.d.L.P.)
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | - Mohammed Rahmatullah
- Department of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering, University of Development Alternative, Lalmatia, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh; (M.R.); (A.H.)
| | - Anamul Hasan
- Department of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering, University of Development Alternative, Lalmatia, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh; (M.R.); (A.H.)
| | - Alok K. Paul
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia;
| | - Mark S. Butler
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia;
| | - Muhammad Nawaz
- Department of Nano-Medicine, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRM), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 34212, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Polrat Wilairatana
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Veeranoot Nissapatorn
- School of Allied Health Sciences, World Union for Herbal Drug Discovery (WUHeDD), Research Excellence Center for Innovation and Health Products (RECIHP), Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
| | - Christophe Wiart
- Institute for Tropical Biology and Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Malaysia
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Babamale HF, Khor BK, Chear NJY, Haque RA, Yam W. The First tetrafluorinated azobenzene-imidazolium ionic conjugates as potential thermotropic liquid crystalline drugs: Self-assembly properties and cytotoxic effects. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.132470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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26
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Odira HO, Mitema SO, Mapenay IM, Moriasi GA. Anti-inflammatory, Analgesic, and Cytotoxic Effects of The Phytexponent: A Polyherbal Formulation. J Evid Based Integr Med 2022; 27:2515690X221082986. [PMID: 35230885 PMCID: PMC8891872 DOI: 10.1177/2515690x221082986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Phytexponent is used to treat pain and inflammation in complementary and alternative medicine practices; however, empirical data supporting its pharmacological efficacy and safety is scanty, hence the present study. We used the carrageenan-induced paw oedema and the acetic acid-induced writhing techniques to determine the anti-inflammatory and analgesic efficacies, respectively, of the Phytexponent in Swiss albino mice models. The 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay technique was used to investigate the in vitro cytotoxic effects of the Phytexponent in the Vero E6 cell line. The Phytexponent exerted significant (P < .05) anti-inflammatory effects in the carrageenan-induced paw oedema mouse model in a dose- and time-dependent manner, with significantly higher efficacy at 250 mg/Kg BW, than indomethacin (4 mg/Kg BW), in the first, second, and third hour (P < .05). Besides, the Phytexponent significantly reduced the acetic acid-induced writhing frequency in mice (P < .05), in a dose-dependent manner, depicting its analgesic efficacy. Notably, the Phytexponent (at doses: 125 mg/Kg BW and 250 mg/Kg BW) exhibited significantly higher analgesic efficacy than the Indomethacin (P<.05). Moreover, the Phytexponent was not cytotoxic to Vero E6 cells (CC50 >1000 µg/ml) compared to cyclophosphamide (CC50 = 2.48 µg/ml). Thus, the Phytexponent has significant in vivo anti-inflammatory and analgesic efficacy in mice models and is not cytotoxic to Vero E6 cell line, depicting its therapeutic potential upon further empirical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halvince O. Odira
- Department of Public Health, Pharmacology, and Toxicology, College of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Simon O. Mitema
- Department of Public Health, Pharmacology, and Toxicology, College of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Isaac M. Mapenay
- Department of Public Health, Pharmacology, and Toxicology, College of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Gervason A. Moriasi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Mount Kenya University, Thika, Kenya
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Hamad D, El-Sayed H, Ahmed W, Sonbol H, Ramadan MAH. GC-MS Analysis of Potentially Volatile Compounds of Pleurotus ostreatus Polar Extract: In vitro Antimicrobial, Cytotoxic, Immunomodulatory, and Antioxidant Activities. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:834525. [PMID: 35250951 PMCID: PMC8894875 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.834525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
One strategy to manage resistant pathogens and develop potential anticancer drugs is the search for new, promising, and cost-effective medicinal benefits in the field of bioactive metabolites derived from mushrooms. In the current study, Egyptian cultivated Pleurotus ostreatus fruiting bodies polar extract was prepared to evaluate its antimicrobial activities as well as its cytotoxic effect on various cancer cell lines. The Pleurotus ostreatus polar extract (PoPE) was characterized by its phenolic and flavonoid content. The phenolics and flavonoids of PoPE were 6.94 and 0.15 mg/g, respectively. P. ostreatus polar extract showed potent antimicrobial activity against four pathogens, including Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus luteus, and Escherichia coli. PoPE was found to inhibit Fusarium oxysporum (47%), Fusarium solani (28%) as well as Rhizoctonia solani (21%). PoPE was found to be 13 times more selective and toxic to MCF-7 cells than Vero normal cells, with the lowest IC50 value (4.5 μg/mL), so they were selected to examine the potential cytotoxic effects of PoPE. In MCF-7 cells, PoPE appeared to promote cell cycle arrest in the sub-G1 stage, as well as apoptosis. It significantly increased TNF-α production while decreasing IL-6 levels. PoPE’s total antioxidant capacity, lipid peroxide, and glutathione reductase activity were recorded 0.14 ± 0.02 mM/L, 15.60 ± 0.015 nmol/mL, and 9.50 ± 1.30 U/L, respectively. The existence of different bioactive metabolites was investigated via GC-MS, which confirmed the presence of 15 compounds with well-known biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doaa Hamad
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Heba El-Sayed
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Helwan, Egypt
| | - Wafaa Ahmed
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Cancer Biology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hana Sonbol
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- *Correspondence: Hana Sonbol,
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Pharmacological properties and preliminary phytochemical analysis of Pseudocaryopterisfoetida (D.Don) P.D. Cantino leaves. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:1185-1190. [PMID: 35197785 PMCID: PMC8848020 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.09.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Medicinal plants have significant contribution in pharmaceutical industries being producers of compounds utilized as precursors for drug development. A plant of Lamiaceae family; Pseudocaryopteris foetida had not been investigated for its biomedical potential. Current research was aimed to investigate phytochemical analysis, cytotoxic potential and antioxidant activity of crude methanolic extract and fractions of Pseudocaryopteris foetida (leaves). The preliminary phytochemical analysis of crude methanolic extracts and fractions of Pseudocaryopteris foetida revealed that plant is rich in phenolic and flavonoid classes of secondary metabolites while presence of tannin was observed only in crude methanolic extract. The cytotoxicity was determined using brine shrimp lethality test. Different concentrations (25, 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 µg/mL) of crude methanolic extract and fractions exhibited dose dependent cytotoxicity. However, The LD50 for all the extracts was more than 200 µg/mL indicating weak cytotoxic potential of Pseudocaryopteris foetida. The antioxidant capabilities of crude methanolic extract and fraction of Pseudocaryopteris foetida were analyzed by in vitro bio assays including DPPH, ABTS, Reducing power and phosphomolybdate antioxidant assays using ascorbic acid as standard. The crude methanolic extract showed IC50 (256.38 ± 0.6 and 314.95 ± 1.1 µg/mL) for DPPH and ABTS respectively, while total antioxidant capacity was calculated as 55.79 ± 0.5 µg/mL for crude methanolic extract of Pseudocaryopteris foetida while ascorbic acid indicated total antioxidant capacity of 71.89 ± 2.3 µg/mL. Study concluded that leaves of Pseudocaryopteris foetida were the rich source of antioxidant phytochemicals. Based on preliminary investigations further research should be focused to isolate bioactive phytochemicals as leading source of clinical medicines in future.
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Tabassam Q, Mehmood T, Ahmed S, Saeed S, Raza AR, Anwar F. GC-MS Metabolomics profiling and HR-APCI-MS characterization of potential anticancer compounds and antimicrobial activities of extracts from Picrorhiza kurroa roots. J Appl Biomed 2021; 19:26-39. [PMID: 34907713 DOI: 10.32725/jab.2020.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study explores pharmacological potential and phytochemicals profiling of Picrorhiza kurroa extracts against mammalian cancer cell lines and pathogenic microbes. Bioactive extracts from roots of Picrorhiza kurroa were recovered in the methanol, 50% aqueous dichloromethane (50 : 50 v/v) and n-hexane. Antimicrobial activity of the bioactive extracts was assessed against selected strains of bacteria and pathogenic fungi. Aqueous dichloromethane extract showed highest zone of growth inhibition (39.06 ± 1.0 mm) towards Staphylococcus aureus bacteria while methanolic extract showed the lowest inhibition (6.3 ± 4.1 mm) to Escherichia coli bacteria. The tested extracts such as methanol and aqueous dichloromethane exhibited higher inhibition antifungal activity against Aspergillus flavus compared to Fusarium oxysporum. As far as cytotoxicity (MTT assay) of the tested extracts is concerned, n-hexane and aqueous dichloromethane extracts were found to be very active against all cancer cell lines (breast cancer MCF7, MDA-MB-231, SKBR3 and ovarian cancer SKOV3). A preliminary phytochemicals profiling was performed in extracts using GC-MS. Several fractions of active extract were separated with HPLC and analyzed using High Resolution Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry (HR-APCI-MS). Two purified compounds (Dihydromikanolide and 1,3-Dicyclohexyl-4-(cyclohexylimino)-2-(cyclohexylethylamino)-3,4-dihydro-1,3-diazetium) were further evaluated for their anticancer activity against ovarian cancer cell line. Our findings depict that all the tested extracts showed considerable anticancer potential through cell viability assays. The purified compound 1 - Dihydromikanolide from methanolic extract was found to be active against ovarian cancer cells and can be explored as a promising nutra-pharmaceutical candidate against ovarian cancer. However, further studies exploring the molecular pathways and in vivo testing are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qudsia Tabassam
- University of Sargodha, Institute of Chemistry, Sargodha-40100, Pakistan
| | - Tahir Mehmood
- University of Sargodha, Institute of Chemistry, Sargodha-40100, Pakistan.,University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences-UVAS, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 54000-Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sibtain Ahmed
- University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Shagufta Saeed
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences-UVAS, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 54000-Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Rauf Raza
- University of Sargodha, Institute of Chemistry, Sargodha-40100, Pakistan
| | - Farooq Anwar
- University of Sargodha, Institute of Chemistry, Sargodha-40100, Pakistan
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Antioxidant and antibacterial activities of Artemisia absinthium and Citrus paradisi extracts repress viability of aggressive liver cancer cell line. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:7703-7710. [PMID: 34755263 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06777-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous reports show that herbal medicines can be utilized in the treatment of different liver disorders. In this study, antioxidant, antibacterial, and anticancer activities of individual as well as combined 80% ethanolic extracts of Artemisia absinthium leaves and Citrus paradisi peels were investigated. METHODS AND RESULTS Values of total phenolic contents (TPC), total flavonoid contents (TFC), DPPH-radical scavenging activity, and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) were measured to explore the antioxidant capacity. To assess antibacterial activity, four bacterial strains (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella enterica, and Klebsiella pneumoniae) were used. Anticancer activity was assessed on Huh-7 (liver cancer) and Vero (non-cancerous) cell lines. FRAP activity of combined plants extract was higher as compared to their individual effect; the trend did not hold in the case of DPPH-radical scavenging activity. Antibacterial activity of combined extracts by disk diffusion method was observed only against E.coli. MTT results indicated that both plants had a cytotoxic effect on Huh-7 cell line but did not show any effect on Vero cell line. Our data showed a strong negative correlation between the amount of TPC, TFC, & DPPH radicals-scavenging activity and viability of Huh-7 cell line.However, no effect was shown on the non-cancerous cell line. CONCLUSION The ethanolic extracts of Artemisia absinthium leaves and Citrus paradisi peels can be used against liver cancer because of their antioxidant, antibacterial, and anticancer activities.
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Grabarska A, Wróblewska-Łuczka P, Kukula-Koch W, Łuszczki JJ, Kalpoutzakis E, Adamczuk G, Skaltsounis AL, Stepulak A. Palmatine, a Bioactive Protoberberine Alkaloid Isolated from Berberis cretica, Inhibits the Growth of Human Estrogen Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer Cells and Acts Synergistically and Additively with Doxorubicin. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26206253. [PMID: 34684834 PMCID: PMC8538708 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26206253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Palmatine (PLT) is a natural isoquinoline alkaloid that belongs to the class of protoberberines and exhibits a wide spectrum of pharmacological and biological properties, including anti-cancer activity. The aim of our study was to isolate PLT from the roots of Berberis cretica and investigate its cytotoxic and anti-proliferative effects in vitro alone and in combination with doxorubicine (DOX) using human ER+/HER2− breast cancer cell lines. The alkaloid was purified by column chromatography filled with silica gel NP and Sephadex LH-20 resin developed in the mixture of methanol: water (50:50 v/v) that provided high-purity alkaloid for bioactivity studies. The purity of the alkaloid was confirmed by high resolution mass measurement and MS/MS fragmentation analysis in the HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS-based analysis. It was found that PLT treatment inhibited the viability and proliferation of breast cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner as demonstrated by MTT and BrdU assays. PLT showed a quite similar growth inhibition on breast cancer cells with IC50 values ranging from 5.126 to 5.805 µg/mL. In contrast, growth of normal human breast epithelial cells was not affected by PLT. The growth inhibitory activity of PLT was related to the induction of apoptosis, as determined by Annexin V/PI staining. Moreover, PLT sensitized breast cancer cells to DOX. Isobolographic analysis revealed synergistic and additive interactions between studied agents. Our studies suggest that PLT can be a potential candidate agent for preventing and treating breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Grabarska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-81448-6350
| | - Paula Wróblewska-Łuczka
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8b, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (P.W.-Ł.); (J.J.Ł.)
| | - Wirginia Kukula-Koch
- Department of Pharmacognosy with Medicinal Plants Garden, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Jarogniew J. Łuszczki
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8b, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (P.W.-Ł.); (J.J.Ł.)
| | - Eleftherios Kalpoutzakis
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupoli Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece; (E.K.); (A.L.S.)
| | - Grzegorz Adamczuk
- Independent Medical Biology Unit, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8b, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Alexios Leandros Skaltsounis
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupoli Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece; (E.K.); (A.L.S.)
| | - Andrzej Stepulak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
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Wen J, Liu L, Li J, He Y. A review of nardosinone for pharmacological activities. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 908:174343. [PMID: 34265296 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Nardostachys jatamansi is a natural medicinal plant that is widely used in Asia for the treatment of various neurological and cardiac diseases, and nardosinone is the main active ingredient of N. jatamansi, which has the potential to treat a variety of diseases. Herein, we summarize the reported chemical structure, pharmacokinetics and pharmacological potential of nardosinone, and point out areas for further research. We obtained studies that were related to the chemical structure and pharmacological activities of nardosinone from several databases. Previous studies have shown that nardosinone has anti-inflammatory effects, anti-hypertrophic effect in cardiomyocytes, enhances activity of the nerve growth factor and promotes neural stem cells to proliferate and differentiate. However, the molecular mechanism of how nardosinone promotes proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells, and its role in resisting cardiomyocyte hypertrophy remains unclear and needs to be further studied. Overall, nardosinone has the potential to treat bacterial infections, periodontitis, cardiac diseases, neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. However, the gaps found in the literature is the lack of more comprehensive information regarding the pharmacokinetics and toxicology of nardosinone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China
| | - Linqiu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China
| | - Junjun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China
| | - Yang He
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China.
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Dos Santos ECF, Machado JCB, Ferreira MRA, Soares LAL. Acanthospermum hispidum DC: An Updated Review on Phytochemistry and Biological Activities. Mini Rev Med Chem 2021; 22:684-700. [PMID: 34517800 DOI: 10.2174/1389557521666210913115651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acanthospermum hispidum DC is a medicinal plant present in America, Africa, Australia, India, Hawaii, and Brazil. In Brazil, the species is used in the treatment of gastrointestinal, respiratory disorders and has expectorant action. In the literature there are studies on the chemical composition of the species, with reports of the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, hydrolyzable tannins, terpenes, and steroids. In addition, several studies have reported in vitro and in vivo studies that prove the biological properties of extracts and compounds isolated from different organs of the A. hispidum plant, including: hepatoprotectors, antioxidants, antimicrobials and antiparasitic. OBJECTIVE The objective of this review is to update the knowledge about the phytochemical, pharmacological and toxicity aspects of A. hispidum, to contribute to the recognition of the species and direct new studies. METHODS An extensive bibliographic search was conducted in different scientific databases. RESULTS The presence of different chemical constituents in A. hispidum have been identified, among them flavonoids, tannins, terpenes, and steroids. Additionally, antimicrobial and antiparasitic activities were mainly attributed to the species, and other activities not previously described were presented, such as anticholinesterase, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, and hypoglycemic, all based on results of in vitro and in vivo studies. Finally, no reports of toxic effects were found in the in vitro and in vivo tests. After analyzing the articles, it was evidenced that other experiments, with different models using animals, are essential to evaluate the possible mechanisms of action of the extracts and compounds isolated of A. hispidum. CONCLUSION Therefore, this review may contribute to the recognition of the importance of A. hispidum and its potential as a medicinal plant and may also guide the conduct of future research regarding the constituents, biological activities, and toxicity of the species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelyn Cintya Felipe Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco. Brazil
| | - Janaina Carla Barbosa Machado
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco. Brazil
| | - Magda Rhayanny Assunção Ferreira
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco. Brazil
| | - Luiz Alberto Lira Soares
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco. Brazil
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Mahadevi R, Salmen SH, Alfarraj S, Wainwright M, Kavitha R. Screening and characterization of phytochemical content of methanolic extract of Rhizome of Curcuma amada and their antibacterial activity against MRSA. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-021-02061-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Baharuddin NS, Roslan MAM, Bawzer MAM, Mohamad Azzeme A, Rahman ZA, Khayat ME, Rahman NAA, Sobri ZM. Response Surface Optimization of Extraction Conditions and In Vitro Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Evaluation of an Under-Valued Medicinal Weed, Mimosa pudica. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10081692. [PMID: 34451737 PMCID: PMC8399142 DOI: 10.3390/plants10081692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Mimosa pudica Linn is a well-known perennial herb and is traditionally used in ayurvedic medicine for the treatment of various illnesses. Despite its abundance in nature, the therapeutic potential of this invasive weed is deemed to be underappreciated in Malaysia. Previous studies have found an abundance of bioactive compounds associated with potent antioxidant properties in all parts of the plant. However, the optimum parameters required for the extraction of antioxidant compounds are still unknown. Therefore, the present study aimed to optimize the solvent extraction parameters of M. pudica using response surface methodology to enrich the accumulation of antioxidant compounds in the extracts. The effects of the optimized M. pudica extracts were then evaluated on the cell viability and glucose uptake ability in a 3T3-L1 adipocyte cell line. The highest total phenolic (91.98 mg of gallic acid equivalent per g of the dry extract) and total flavonoid content (606.31 mg of quercetin equivalent per g of the dry extract) were recorded when using 100% ethanol that was five-fold and three-fold higher, respectively, as compared to using 50% ethanol. The extract concentration required to achieve 50% of antioxidant activity (IC50 value) was 42.0 µg/mL using 100% ethanol as compared to 975.03 µg/mL using 50% ethanol. The results indicated that the use of 100% ethanol solvent had the greatest impact on the accumulation of antioxidant compounds in the extract (p < 0.05). Cell viability assay revealed that all extract concentration treatments recorded a viability level of above 50%. Glucose uptake assay using 2-NBDG analog showed that the cells treated with 50 µg/mL extract combined with insulin were five-fold higher than the control group. Given the high antioxidant and antidiabetic properties of this plant, M. pudica can be easily highlighted as a plant subject of interest, which warrants further investigation for nutraceutical prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nor Saffana Baharuddin
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.S.B.); (M.A.M.R.); (M.A.M.B.); (N.A.A.R.)
| | - Muhamad Aidilfitri Mohamad Roslan
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.S.B.); (M.A.M.R.); (M.A.M.B.); (N.A.A.R.)
| | - Mohsen Ahmed Mohammed Bawzer
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.S.B.); (M.A.M.R.); (M.A.M.B.); (N.A.A.R.)
| | - Azzreena Mohamad Azzeme
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (A.M.A.); (M.E.K.)
| | - Zuraida Ab Rahman
- Biotechnology Research Centre, MARDI Headquarters, Persiaran MARDI-UPM, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Mohd Ezuan Khayat
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (A.M.A.); (M.E.K.)
- Bioprocessing and Biomanufacturing Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nor Aini Abdul Rahman
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.S.B.); (M.A.M.R.); (M.A.M.B.); (N.A.A.R.)
- Bioprocessing and Biomanufacturing Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Zulfazli M. Sobri
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.S.B.); (M.A.M.R.); (M.A.M.B.); (N.A.A.R.)
- Bioprocessing and Biomanufacturing Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Correspondence:
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Adefisan AO, Owumi SE, Soetan KO, Adaramoye OA. Chloroform extract of Calliandra portoricensis inhibits tumourigenic effect of N-methyl- N-nitrosourea and benzo(a)pyrene in breast experimental cancer. Drug Chem Toxicol 2021; 45:2424-2438. [PMID: 34325589 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2021.1957556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Calliandra portoricensis (C. portoricensis) is used in herbal homes in Nigeria to manage breast diseases. We investigated the anti-tumourigenic effects of chloroform extract of C. portoricensis (CP) in breast experimental cancer induced by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (NMU) and benzo-(a)-pyrene (BaP). Fifty-six female rats were assigned into seven equal groups: Group 1 served as control, group 2 received NMU and BaP (50 mg/kg, each), groups 3 and 4 received [NMU + BaP] and treated with CP at 50 and 100 mg/kg, respectively. Group 5 received CP (100 mg/kg), group 6 received [NMU + BaP] and vincristine (0.5 mg/kg), while group 7 received vincristine (0.5 mg/kg). The NMU and BaP (i.p) were dissolved in normal saline and corn oil, respectively. The CP (oral) and vincristine (i.p) were given thrice and twice per week, respectively for 10 weeks. The [NMU + BaP] intoxication significantly decreased body weight gain by 32% while organo-somatic weight of mammary gland increased by 37%. Also, [NMU + BaP] decreased the activities of mammary catalase, glutathione-s-transferase, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and total sulphurhydryl by 34%, 31%, 35%, 35% and 33%, respectively. The [NMU + BaP] increased inflammatory and oxidative stress markers; nitrite, lipid peroxidation and myeloperoxidase by 62%, 57% and 361%, respectively. Strong expression of BCL-2, IL-6, COX 2, β-catenin and iNOS in [NMU + BaP]-administered rats were observed. Histology revealed glands with malignant epithelial cells and high nucleocytoplasm in [NMU + BaP] rats. Treatment with CP attenuated inflammation, apoptosis and restored cyto-architecture of mammary gland. Overall, CP abates mammary tumourigenesis by targeting cellular pathways of inflammation and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adedoyin O Adefisan
- Molecular Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Laboratories, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Solomon E Owumi
- Cancer Research and Molecular Biology Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Kehinde O Soetan
- Department of Veterinary Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Oluwatosin A Adaramoye
- Molecular Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Laboratories, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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Toxicological Characterization of Ten Medicinal Plants of the Beninese Flora Used in the Traditional Treatment of Diarrheal Diseases. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:6676904. [PMID: 34007296 PMCID: PMC8102112 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6676904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The use of medicinal plants in traditional medicine is a common practice in developing countries. However, this unregulated or poorly rational use may present a dose-dependent risk of toxicity to humans. This study aimed to explore the phytochemical and toxicological characteristics of ten (10) plant species used in the traditional treatment of infectious diarrhea in Benin. The acute toxicity of aqueous and hydroethanolic extracts of Khaya senegalensis, Daniellia oliveri, Rauvolfia vomitoria, Vernonia amygdalina, Manihot esculenta, Ocimum gratissimum, Senna italica, Diospyros mespiliformis, Pterocarpus erinaceus, and Anacardium occidentale was evaluated following the OECD 423 protocol at a single dose of 2000 mg/kg. This safety test was complemented by a larval cytotoxicity test. Hematological and biochemical examinations, as well as a histological study of the liver and kidneys, were performed. Larval cytotoxicity was assessed by the sensitivity of Artemia salina larvae to different concentrations of the plant extracts studied. Testing for chemical compounds was performed on the basis of differential staining and precipitation reactions. The mean lethal concentration (LC50) was determined by the probit method. The qualitative phytochemical screening of the plants studied revealed the presence of catechic tannins, gallic tannins, flavonoids, anthocyanins and sterol-terpenes, alkaloids, saponosides, and reducing compounds. This composition varied according to the plants studied. Acute toxicity data indicated that there was no mortality and no structural and functional alterations of the liver and kidneys of treated animals. Larval cytotoxicity data suggest that the plants studied are not cytotoxic (LC50 ≥ 0.1 mg/mL). These observations reflect the safety of these plants and justify their use in traditional medicine in the treatment of many diseases including diarrheal diseases.
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Ojo O, Ndinteh DT. Traditional uses, biological activities, and phytochemicals of Lecaniodiscus cupanioides: a review. PHYSICAL SCIENCES REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2020-0207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Medicinal plants are indispensable source of therapeutic agents, and have proved to be “warehouse” of lead drug candidates. Lecaniodiscus cupanioides Planch. ex Benth is a medicinal tree plant that is extensively distributed in both Asia and Africa. The species has many ethnomedicinal uses in the treatment of fever, cough, typhoid, wound, skin infection, measles, jaundice, diabetes, sexual dysfunction, cancer, bone fracture, and as galactogogues. In the recent decades, the extracts and phytochemicals of L. cupanioides have been investigated to possess antibacterial, anticancer, aphrodisiac, antifungal, cytotoxic, antidiabetic, antiprotozoal, antioxidant, antidiarrhoeal, analgesic and ameliorative properties. However, triterpenoids which have been linked to its anticancer and antifungal actions, are the only isolated active constituents identified from the species despite the results of the phytochemical screenings and reported biological activities. Moreover, the mechanisms of action of the extracts and active components are yet to be fully elucidated. This paper provides a general review on the ethnomedicinal, phytochemicals, and biological activities of L. cupanioides, and lays a solid foundation for future investigations on the plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olusesan Ojo
- Department of Chemical Sciences , University of Johannesburg , Doornfontein , Johannesburg 2028, South Africa
| | - Derek T. Ndinteh
- Department of Chemical Sciences , University of Johannesburg , Doornfontein , Johannesburg 2028, South Africa
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Khedr MA, Abu-Zied KM, Zaghary WA, Aly AS, Shouman DN, Haffez H. Novel thienopyrimidine analogues as potential metabotropic glutamate receptors inhibitors and anticancer activity: Synthesis, In-vitro, In-silico, and SAR approaches. Bioorg Chem 2021; 109:104729. [PMID: 33676314 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
There is a continuous need in drug development approach for synthetic anticancer analogues with new therapeutic targets to diminish chemotherapeutic resistance of cancer cells. This study presents new group of synthetic thienopyrimidine analogues (1-9) aims as mGluR-1 inhibitors with anticancer activity. In-vitro antiproliferative assessment was carried out using viability assay against cancer cell lines (MCF-7, A-549 and PC-3) compared to WI-38 normal cell line. Analogues showed variable anticancer activity with IC50 ranging from 6.60 to 121 µg/mL with compound 7b is the most potent analogue against the three cancer cell lines (MCF-7; 6.57 ± 0.200, A-549; 6.31 ± 0.400, PC-3;7.39 ± 0.500 µg/mL) compared to Doxorubicin, 5-Flurouracil and Riluzole controls. Selected compounds were tested as mGluR-1 inhibitors in MCF-7 cell line and results revealed compound 7b induced significant reduction in extracellular glutamate release (IC50; 4.96 ± 0.700 µM) compared to other analogues and next to Riluzole (IC50; 2.80 ± 0.500 µM) of the same suggested mode of action. Furthermore, both cell cycle and apoptosis assays confirmed the potency of compound 7b for early apoptosis of MCF-7 at G2/M phase and apoptotic positive cell shift to (91.4%) compared to untreated control (19.6%) and Raptinal positive control (51.4%). On gene expression level, compound 7b induced over-expression of extrinsic (FasL, TNF-α and Casp-8), intrinsic (Cyt-C, Casp-3, Bax) apoptotic genes with down-regulation of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 gene with boosted Bax/Bcl-2 ratio to 2.6-fold increase. Molecular docking and dynamic studies confirmed the biological potency through strong binding and stability modes of 7b where it was faster in reaching the equilibrium point and achieving the stability than Riluzole over 20 ns MD. These results suggest compound 7b as a promising mGluR inhibitory scaffold with anticancer activity that deserves further optimization and in-depth In-vivo and clinical investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A Khedr
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, P.O. Box 11795, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Khadiga M Abu-Zied
- Photochemistry Department (Heterocyclic Unit), National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Wafaa A Zaghary
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, P.O. Box 11795, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed S Aly
- Photochemistry Department (Heterocyclic Unit), National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Dina N Shouman
- Family Medicine Center, Egyptian Ministry of Health and Population, Dakahlia, Egypt
| | - Hesham Haffez
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, P.O. Box 11795, Cairo, Egypt; Center of Scientific Excellence "Helwan Structural Biology Research, (HSBR)", Helwan University, Cairo 11795, Egypt
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Spiegler V, Greiffer L, Jacobtorweihen J, Asase A, Lanvers-Kaminsky C, Hempel G, Agyare C, Hensel A. In vitro screening of plant extracts traditionally used as cancer remedies in Ghana - 15-Hydroxyangustilobine A as the active principle in Alstonia boonei leaves. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 265:113359. [PMID: 32891813 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cancer represents a major health burden and drain on the global healthcare systems. Traditional African medicine widely use a variety of plant species for treatment of different kinds of cancer. A previous systematic survey by traditional healers in the Ashanti region of Ghana revealed a good overview on the plant species and herbal materials used for the different types of cancer. AIMS OF THE STUDY The following study aimed to investigate 18 herbal materials from 10 plant species based on the cancer survey in Ghana regarding potential cytotoxicity against different cancer cell lines under in vitro conditions followed by subsequent bioassay-guided fractionation towards the active principle. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ethanol-water (1:1) extracts were tested (1-100 μg/mL) against a panel of cancer cell lines according to their respective traditional use. Selected extracts with relevant cytotoxicity in this screening were also tested against common pediatric malignancies (leukemias (HL-60, REH) and Ewing sarcoma (RD-ES and CADO-ES1)). Bioassay-guided fractionation of the hydroalcoholic extract from Alstonia boonei was performed by liquid-liquid chromatography and preparative HPLC. Preliminary mechanistic studies on the mode of action were performed by flow cytometric cell cycle analysis as well as apoptosis and necrosis staining. RESULTS Screening of plant extracts revealed relevant cytotoxicity against all tested cancer cell lines for Alstonia boonei leaves and stem of Paulinia pinnata. The A. boonei extract was additionally found to be active against common pediatric tumor types (leukemias and Ewing sarcoma). Bioassay-guided fractionation of the A. boonei extract revealed the presence of 15-hydroxyangustilobine A 1 as the active principle (IC50 26 μM against MCF-7 cells). This is the first report of this compound in A. boonei. 1 was shown to lead to cell cycle arrest in the G2/M-phase (MCF-7 cells), triggering cells at least partially into apoptosis. CONCLUSION In summary, an appreciable in vitro activity was revealed for the leaf extract from A. boonei and the isolated vallesamine type indole alkaloid 1, which has to be investigated in future studies towards a potential clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Spiegler
- University of Münster, Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology and Phytochemistry, Corrensstrasse 48, D-48149, Münster, Germany.
| | - Luise Greiffer
- University of Münster, Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology and Phytochemistry, Corrensstrasse 48, D-48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Joshua Jacobtorweihen
- University of Münster, Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology and Phytochemistry, Corrensstrasse 48, D-48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Alex Asase
- Department of Plant and Environmental Biology, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Claudia Lanvers-Kaminsky
- University Children's Hospital Münster - Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Albert Schweitzer-Campus 1A1, University Hospital Münster, Germany
| | - Georg Hempel
- University of Münster, Institute for Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry - Clinical Pharmacy, Corrensstrasse 48, D-48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Christian Agyare
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Andreas Hensel
- University of Münster, Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology and Phytochemistry, Corrensstrasse 48, D-48149, Münster, Germany
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Nelson VK, Sahoo NK, Sahu M, Sudhan HH, Pullaiah CP, Muralikrishna KS. In vitro anticancer activity of Eclipta alba whole plant extract on colon cancer cell HCT-116. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020; 20:355. [PMID: 33225921 PMCID: PMC7681951 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-03118-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Colon cancer is the third most deadly and one of the most diagnosed diseases in the world. Although routine screening and early detection during last decades has improved the survival, colon cancer still claims hundreds of thousands lives each year worldwide. Surgery and chemotherapy is mainstay of current treatment, nevertheless toxicity associated with this treatment underscores the urgency of demand of a better therapeutics. Close to 50% of current chemotherapeutic drugs are direct or indirect descendants compounds isolated from medicinal plants, which indicate plants are great potential sources of novel therapeutics. In our literature review we found Eclipta alba to posses many pharmacological activities, including those with anticancer potentials. However, no study on anticancer activity of this kind has been reported. METHODS Phytochemicals were extracted by maceration method from shade dried whole plant of Eclipta alba using methanol as a solvent. The anticancer effect of extract was investigated on various cancer cell lines like human colorectal carcinoma (HCT-116), human prostate cancer (PC-3), Michigan cancer foundation-breast cancer (MCF-7) and renal cell carcinoma (RCC-45). We have also studied the effects on normal human embryonic lung fibroblast cell (WI-38) using MTT (methyl thiazoldiphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay, clonogenic (colony formation) and migration assay. Finally obtained results were analyzed using ANNOVA and Dunnett's test. RESULTS Results obtained from MTT assay revealed that the methanolic extract of Eclipta alba carried significant (p < 0.005) specificity against HCT-116 cells as compared to the other cancer cells. This extract also showed minimal or nontoxicity to WI-38 cells. Migration as well as clonogenic assays also confirmed the anticancer potential of the extract against HCT-116 cells. CONCLUSION This is a unique finding of its kind because the specific anticancer effect with minimal toxicity on normal cells has not been reported on Eclipta alba extract. Finally this finding opens up a great possibility to develop a novel antitumor drug candidate against deadly colon cancer in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinod Kumar Nelson
- Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (Autonomous), Anantapuramu, Andhra Pradesh, 515721, India.
| | - Nalini Kanta Sahoo
- Marri Laxman Reddy Institute of Pharmacy, Medchal, Dundigal, Telangana, 500043, India
| | - Madhusmita Sahu
- Marri Laxman Reddy Institute of Pharmacy, Medchal, Dundigal, Telangana, 500043, India
| | - Hari Hara Sudhan
- Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (Autonomous), Anantapuramu, Andhra Pradesh, 515721, India
| | - Chitikela P Pullaiah
- Department of Pharmacology, Siddha Central Research Institute, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 60016, India
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Nvau JB, Alenezi S, Ungogo MA, Alfayez IAM, Natto MJ, Gray AI, Ferro VA, Watson DG, de Koning HP, Igoli JO. Antiparasitic and Cytotoxic Activity of Bokkosin, A Novel Diterpene-Substituted Chromanyl Benzoquinone From Calliandra portoricensis. Front Chem 2020; 8:574103. [PMID: 33282826 PMCID: PMC7705231 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.574103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Calliandra portoricensis is a medicinal plant growing freely in Nigeria. It is used traditionally to treat tuberculosis, as an anthelmintic and an abortifacient. Phytochemical fractionation and screening of its root extracts has yielded a novel (5-hydroxy-7-methoxy-4-oxo-1-chromanyl)-4-methoxy-p-benzoquinone (breverin)-substituted cassane diterpene, which was designated bokkosin. It was obtained from column chromatography of the ethyl acetate extract of the roots. The compound was characterized using IR, NMR (1D and 2D) and mass spectral data. Promising antiparasitic activity was observed against the kinetoplastid parasite Trypanosoma brucei brucei, as well as moderate activity against Trypanosoma congolense and Leishmania mexicana and low toxicity in mammalian cells, with the best in vitro EC50 values against T. b. brucei (0.69 μg/mL against a standard laboratory strain, and its multi-drug resistant clone (0.33 μg/mL). The effect on T. b. brucei in culture was rapid and dose-dependent, leading to apparently irreversible growth arrest and cell death after an exposure of just 2 h at 2 × or 4 × EC50. The identification of bokkosin constitutes the first isolation of this class of compound from any natural source and establishes the compound as a potential trypanocide that, considering its novelty, should now be tested for activity against other microorganisms as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- John B. Nvau
- Department of Chemistry, Plateau State University, Bokkos, Nigeria
| | - Samya Alenezi
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Marzuq A. Ungogo
- College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Ibrahim A. M. Alfayez
- College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Manal J. Natto
- College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander I. Gray
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Valerie A. Ferro
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Dave G. Watson
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Harry P. de Koning
- College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - John O. Igoli
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Department of Chemistry, Phytochemistry Research Group, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria
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43
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Rudra S, Tahamina A, Emon NU, Adnan M, Shakil M, Chowdhury MHU, Barlow JW, Alwahibi MS, Soliman Elshikh M, Faruque MO, Uddin SB. Evaluation of Various Solvent Extracts of Tetrastigma leucostaphylum (Dennst.) Alston Leaves, a Bangladeshi Traditional Medicine Used for the Treatment of Diarrhea. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25214994. [PMID: 33126608 PMCID: PMC7662597 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25214994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetrastigma leucostaphylum (TL) is an important ethnic medicine of Bangladesh used to treat diarrhea and dysentery. Hence, current study has been designed to characterize the antidiarrheal (in vivo) and cytotoxic (in vitro) effects of T. leucostaphylum. A crude extract was prepared with methanol (MTL) and further partitioned into n-hexane (NTL), dichloromethane (DTL), and n-butanol (BTL) fractions. Antidiarrheal activity was investigated using castor oil induced diarrhea, enteropooling, and gastrointestinal transit models, while cytotoxicity was evaluated using the brine shrimp lethality bioassay. In antidiarrheal experiments, all doses (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) of the DTL extract significantly reduced diarrheal stool frequency, volume and weight of intestinal contents, and gastrointestinal motility in mice. Similarly, in the cytotoxicity assay, all extracts exhibited activity, with the DTL extract the most potent (LC50 67.23 μg/mL). GC-MS analysis of the DTL extract identified 10 compounds, which showed good binding affinity toward M3 muscarinic acetylcholine, 5-HT3, Gut inhibitory phosphodiesterase, DNA polymerase III subunit alpha, and UDP-N-acetylglucosamine-1 carboxyvinyltransferase enzyme targets upon molecular docking analysis. Although ADME/T analyses predicted the drug-likeness and likely safety upon consumption of these bioactive compounds, significant toxicity concerns are evident due to the presence of the known phytotoxin, 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol. In summary, T. leucostaphylum showed promising activity, helping to rationalize the ethnomedicinal use and importance of this plant, its safety profile following both acute and chronic exposure warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajib Rudra
- Ethnobotany and Pharmacognosy Lab, Department of Botany, University of Chittagong, Chattogram 4331, Bangladesh; (S.R.); (A.T.); (M.S.); (M.H.U.C.)
| | - Afroza Tahamina
- Ethnobotany and Pharmacognosy Lab, Department of Botany, University of Chittagong, Chattogram 4331, Bangladesh; (S.R.); (A.T.); (M.S.); (M.H.U.C.)
| | - Nazim Uddin Emon
- Department of Public Health, School of Science and Technology, Bangladesh Open University, Gazipur 1705, Dhaka, Bangladesh;
| | - Md. Adnan
- Department of Bio-Health Technology, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea;
| | - Mohammad Shakil
- Ethnobotany and Pharmacognosy Lab, Department of Botany, University of Chittagong, Chattogram 4331, Bangladesh; (S.R.); (A.T.); (M.S.); (M.H.U.C.)
| | - Md. Helal Uddin Chowdhury
- Ethnobotany and Pharmacognosy Lab, Department of Botany, University of Chittagong, Chattogram 4331, Bangladesh; (S.R.); (A.T.); (M.S.); (M.H.U.C.)
| | - James W. Barlow
- Department of Chemistry, Royal College Surgeons, Dublin D02YN77, Ireland;
| | - Mona S. Alwahibi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.S.A.); (M.S.E.)
| | - Mohamed Soliman Elshikh
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.S.A.); (M.S.E.)
| | - Mohammad Omar Faruque
- Ethnobotany and Pharmacognosy Lab, Department of Botany, University of Chittagong, Chattogram 4331, Bangladesh; (S.R.); (A.T.); (M.S.); (M.H.U.C.)
- Correspondence: (M.O.F.); (S.B.U.); Tel.: +88-018-1839-7345 (M.O.F.); +88-017-1106-5377 (S.B.U.)
| | - Shaikh Bokhtear Uddin
- Ethnobotany and Pharmacognosy Lab, Department of Botany, University of Chittagong, Chattogram 4331, Bangladesh; (S.R.); (A.T.); (M.S.); (M.H.U.C.)
- Correspondence: (M.O.F.); (S.B.U.); Tel.: +88-018-1839-7345 (M.O.F.); +88-017-1106-5377 (S.B.U.)
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Anonye BO, Nweke V, Furner-Pardoe J, Gabrilska R, Rafiq A, Ukachukwu F, Bruce J, Lee C, Unnikrishnan M, Rumbaugh KP, Snyder LAS, Harrison F. The safety profile of Bald's eyesalve for the treatment of bacterial infections. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17513. [PMID: 33060666 PMCID: PMC7562736 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74242-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The rise in antimicrobial resistance has prompted the development of alternatives to combat bacterial infections. Bald's eyesalve, a remedy used in the Early Medieval period, has previously been shown to have efficacy against Staphylococcus aureus in in vitro and in vivo models of chronic wounds. However, the safety profile of Bald's eyesalve has not yet been demonstrated, and this is vital before testing in humans. Here, we determined the safety potential of Bald's eyesalve using in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo models representative of skin or eye infections. We also confirmed that Bald's eyesalve is active against an important eye pathogen, Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Low levels of cytotoxicity were observed in eyesalve-treated cell lines representative of skin and immune cells. Results from a bovine corneal opacity and permeability test demonstrated slight irritation to the cornea that resolved within 10 min. The slug mucosal irritation assay revealed that a low level of mucus was secreted by slugs indicating moderate mucosal irritation. We obtained promising results from mouse wound closure experiments; no visible signs of irritation or inflammation were observed. Our results suggest that Bald's eyesalve could be tested further on human volunteers to assess safety for topical application against bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blessing O Anonye
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK. .,School of Medicine, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, PR1 2HE, UK.
| | - Valentine Nweke
- School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy, and Chemistry, Kingston University, Kingston upon Thames, UK
| | - Jessica Furner-Pardoe
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.,Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Rebecca Gabrilska
- Department of Surgery, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine, Texas, USA
| | - Afshan Rafiq
- School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy, and Chemistry, Kingston University, Kingston upon Thames, UK
| | - Faith Ukachukwu
- School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy, and Chemistry, Kingston University, Kingston upon Thames, UK
| | - Julie Bruce
- Warwick Clinical Trials Unit, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Christina Lee
- School of English and Centre for the Study of the Viking Age, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Meera Unnikrishnan
- Microbiology and Infection Unit, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Kendra P Rumbaugh
- Department of Surgery, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine, Texas, USA
| | - Lori A S Snyder
- School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy, and Chemistry, Kingston University, Kingston upon Thames, UK
| | - Freya Harrison
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
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45
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Adhikari B, Marasini BP, Rayamajhee B, Bhattarai BR, Lamichhane G, Khadayat K, Adhikari A, Khanal S, Parajuli N. Potential roles of medicinal plants for the treatment of viral diseases focusing on COVID-19: A review. Phytother Res 2020; 35:1298-1312. [PMID: 33037698 PMCID: PMC7675695 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The whole world is entangled by the coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), people are dying in thousands each day, and without an actual medication, it seems not possible for the bringing this global health crisis to a stop. Natural products have been in constant use since ancient times and are proven by time to be effective. Crude extract or pure compounds isolated from medicinal plants and/or herbs such as Artemisia annua, Agastache rugosa, Astragalus membranaceus, Cassia alata, Ecklonia cava, Gymnema sylvestre, Glycyrrhizae uralensis, Houttuynia cordata, Lindera aggregata, Lycoris radiata, Mollugo cerviana, Polygonum multiflorum, Pyrrosia lingua, Saposhnikoviae divaricate, Tinospora cordifolia etc. have shown promising inhibitory effect against coronavirus. Several molecules, including acacetin, amentoflavone, allicin, blancoxanthone, curcumin, daidzein, diosmin, epigallocatechin‐gallate, emodin, hesperidin, herbacetin, hirsutenone, iguesterin, jubanine G, kaempferol, lycorine, pectolinarin, phloroeckol, silvestrol, tanshinone I, taxifolin, rhoifolin, xanthoangelol E, zingerol etc. isolated from plants could also be potential drug candidates against COVID‐19. Moreover, these could also show promising inhibitory effects against influenza‐parainfluenza viruses, respiratory syncytial virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS‐CoV). Here, we have reported 93 antiviral drug candidates which could be a potential area of research in drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bikash Adhikari
- Central Department of Chemistry, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Nepal
| | - Bishnu P Marasini
- Department of Biotechnology, National College, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Nepal
| | - Binod Rayamajhee
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, Faculty of Science, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, Australia.,Department of Infection and Immunology, Kathmandu Research Institute for Biological Sciences (KRIBS), Lalitpur, Nepal
| | | | - Ganesh Lamichhane
- Central Department of Chemistry, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Nepal
| | - Karan Khadayat
- Central Department of Chemistry, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Nepal.,Department of Biotechnology, National College, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Nepal
| | - Achyut Adhikari
- Central Department of Chemistry, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Nepal
| | - Santosh Khanal
- Department of Biotechnology, National College, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Nepal
| | - Niranjan Parajuli
- Central Department of Chemistry, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Nepal
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Wang S, Zhou D, Xu Z, Song J, Qian X, Lv X, Luan J. Anti-tumor Drug Targets Analysis: Current Insight and Future Prospect. Curr Drug Targets 2020; 20:1180-1202. [PMID: 30947670 DOI: 10.2174/1389450120666190402145325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The incidence and mortality of malignant tumors are on the rise, which has become the second leading cause of death in the world. At present, anti-tumor drugs are one of the most common methods for treating cancer. In recent years, with the in-depth study of tumor biology and related disciplines, it has been gradually discovered that the essence of cell carcinogenesis is the infinite proliferation of cells caused by the disorder of cell signal transduction pathways, followed by a major shift in the concept of anti-tumor drugs research and development. The focus of research and development is shifting from traditional cytotoxic drugs to a new generation of anti-tumor drugs targeted at abnormal signaling system targets in tumor cells. In this review, we summarize the targets of anti-tumor drugs and analyse the molecular mechanisms of their effects, which lay a foundation for subsequent treatment, research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Yijishan Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Dexi Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Yijishan Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Zhenyu Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Yijishan Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Jing Song
- Department of Pharmacy, Yijishan Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Xueyi Qian
- Department of Pharmacy, Yijishan Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Xiongwen Lv
- The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Institute for Liver Disease of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Jiajie Luan
- Department of Pharmacy, Yijishan Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
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47
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Rahi MS, Islam MS, Jerin I, Jahangir CA, Hasan MM, Hoque KMF, Reza MA. Differential expression of Bax-Bcl-2 and PARP-1 confirms apoptosis of EAC cells in Swiss albino mice by Morus laevigata. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13342. [PMID: 32578902 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A safer natural alternative to treat neoplastic cells by inducing apoptosis is a prime requisite. Therefore, the current study was to evaluate the antiproliferative activity of Morus laevigata, a wild-type Mulberry species. Antioxidant and cytotoxic activity of aqueous extracts of M. laevigata leaf (MLL) and M. laevigata bark (MLB) were evaluated. The in vivo cell growth inhibition was assessed on Ehrlich's ascites carcinoma (EAC) bearing mice model. Fluorescent microscopy and expression of PARP-1, Bax, and Bcl-2 through qPCR were performed to evaluate apoptosis. MLL and MLB extracts show promising antioxidant property with an IC50 value of 186.76 µg/ml and 352.97 µg/ml, respectively, with a decent LD50 value of 99.16 µg/ml and 92.54 µg/ml for MLL and MLB extract, respectively, indicated notable cytotoxicity. Cell growth inhibition was observed using MLL and MLB extracts were 68.33% and 48.66%, respectively. The morphological alteration, DNA fragmentation, and differential expression of Bax, Bcl-2, and PARP-1 confirm the induction of the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Plant-based medicine always plays a tremendous role in preventing several fatal diseases like cancer. The study evaluated the anticancer activity of a wild-type mulberry. Moreover, the potent antioxidant activity of the plant makes it possible to be a great candidate for cancer remedy. Besides, the molecular expression of the genes related to apoptosis confirms the plant's bioactive compounds could be a drug lead to neoplastic cells in the future. Presences of an immense antioxidant properties urge that they can be contribute in cancer treatment through the cell death pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Sifat Rahi
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh.,Molecular Biology and Protein Science Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Md Shihabul Islam
- Molecular Biology and Protein Science Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Israt Jerin
- Molecular Biology and Protein Science Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Chowdhury Arif Jahangir
- Molecular Biology and Protein Science Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Md Mahmudul Hasan
- Molecular Biology and Protein Science Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Kazi Md Faisal Hoque
- Molecular Biology and Protein Science Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Md Abu Reza
- Molecular Biology and Protein Science Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
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48
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Mongalo N, Mashele S, Makhafola T. Ziziphus mucronata Willd. (Rhamnaceae): it's botany, toxicity, phytochemistry and pharmacological activities. Heliyon 2020; 6:e03708. [PMID: 32322712 PMCID: PMC7170964 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ziziphus mucronata is an important multi-purpose plant species that has been used in African traditional medicine for ages in the treatment of various devastating human and animal infections. The current paper is aimed at providing an overview of uses, toxicology, pharmacological properties and phytochemistry of Z. mucronata. The information used in the current work was retrieved using various search engines, including Pubmed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, Scielo, SciFinder and Scopus. The key words used included Ziziphus mucronata, secondary metabolites, chemistry, biological activity and pharmacology, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antifungal, antiviral, ethnobotanical survey, medicinal uses, safety, toxicology and other related words. Out of the 46 infections which the plant species is used to treat, the most common uses includes sexually transmitted infections, skin infections, diarrhoea and dysentery, respiratory and chest complaints and gynaecological complaints (citations ≥6). Pharmacologically, the plant species exhibited a potential antimicrobial activity yielding a minimum inhibitory concentration of <1 mg/ml against important pathogens which includes Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Moraxella catarrhalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Propionibacterium acnes, Candida albicans, Cryptoccoos neoformans amongst other microorganisms. Furthermore, the extracts and compounds from Z mucronata revealed potent antiviral, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and other activities in vitro. Phytochemically, cyclo-peptide alkaloids (commonly called mucronines) dominates and in conjunction with triterpenes, flavonoids, phenolic acids and anthocyanins. Besides these compounds, the plant species exhibited the presence of important in minerals. These phytoconstituents may well explain the reported biological activities. Although the extracts revealed no cytotoxic effect to Vero cells, further toxicological characteristics of the plant species still needs to be explored. There is also a need to carry out the comprehensive safety profiles of the plant species, including heavy metal detection. Although the plant species revealed important biological activities, which includes antimicrobial, antiviral, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-plasmodial, anthelmintic, and anti-anaemic activity in vitro, further research is needed to explore the in vivo studies, other compounds responsible for such activities and the mechanisms of action thereof. Such activities validates the use of the plant species in traditional medicine. The data on the possible use of the plant species in the treatment of diarrhoea, sexually transmitted infections, skin related and gynaecological complaints are scant and still needs to be explored and validated both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, the anticancer and anthelmintic activity of the plant species also needs to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- N.I. Mongalo
- University of South Africa, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences Laboratories, Private Bag X06, Florida, 0610, South Africa
| | - S.S. Mashele
- Central University of Technology, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Quality of Health and Living, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa
| | - T.J. Makhafola
- Central University of Technology, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Quality of Health and Living, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa
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49
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Ogbole OO, Ndabai NC, Akinleye TE, Attah AF. Evaluation of peptide-rich root extracts of Calliandria portoriscensis (Jacq.) Benth (Mimosaceae) for in vitro antimicrobial activity and brine shrimp lethality. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020; 20:30. [PMID: 32020886 PMCID: PMC7076830 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-2836-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several Host defence peptides (HDPs) are low molecular weight (< 50 amino acids residues) peptides detected in several ethnomedicinal plants and have particularly gained research interest in recent times. Due to their wide range of bioactivity, occurrence, abundance and ability to induce very little resistance, they hold promising potentials in drug development. This study investigated the presence of bioactive peptides in the roots of Calliandra portoricensis (CPr) (Mimosaceae) and evaluated its antimicrobial activity against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. METHODS The crude peptide extract was obtained and pre-purified on pre-loaded tube of RP-C18 solid phase cartridges (strata giga tube C18-E; 5 g, 20 mL, Phenomenex, Germany). Peptide enriched fraction was chemically analysed for arginine-rich/aromatic amino acid-rich peptides using a modified G-250 analytical stain and ninhydrin on thin layer chromatography (TLC) for a preliminary screening. Furthermore, MALDI TOF/TOF peptidomics was used to detect the presence and masses of the peptides. Extracts from CPr were used to test the ability to inhibit microbial growth using p-INT (Para-iodonitrotetrazolium violet) dye, with 0.1% gentamycin as positive control. The concentration that inhibits the growth of microorganisms by 50% (IC50) were determined. Toxicity of the two extracts was accessed using freshly hatched nauplii of Artemia salina. Data analysis were evaluated using Microsoft excel and GraphPad Prism5. RESULTS Low molecular weight (LMW) peptides were detected in CPr using TLC and MALDI-TOF MS. Generally, the extracts exhibited good inhibition (70-95%) against the gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, except MRSA6 typed strain. Enhanced activity was observed in the pre-purified peptide fraction than in the methanol crude, except on MRSA6. The greatest antimicrobial inhibition by pre-purified peptide fraction was against MRSA22 (IC50 = 0.69 ± 0.33 μg/mL). The crude methanol extract (LC50 = 5.13 μg/mL) was slightly more toxic than the peptide extract (LC50 = 6.12 μg/mL). CONCLUSIONS This is the first report on detection of bioactive LMW peptides in Mimosaceae family. These peptides appear to be rich in arginine and aromatic amino acids. The peptide extract, in its pre-purified form showed a lower Brine shrimp cytotoxicity and an enhanced antimicrobial activity against the tested gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omonike O Ogbole
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
| | - Nkiruka C Ndabai
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Toluwanimi E Akinleye
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Alfred F Attah
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Drug Development, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria.
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Behbahani BA, Noshad M, Falah F. Study of chemical structure, antimicrobial, cytotoxic and mechanism of action of Syzygium aromaticum essential oil on foodborne pathogens. POTRAVINARSTVO 2019. [DOI: 10.5219/1226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, chemical composition (gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy), chemical structure (fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) and antioxidant potential (β-carotene bleaching assay and DPPH/ABTS-radical scavenging activity tests) of Syzygium aromaticum essential oil (SAEO) were evaluated. Eugenol (75.11%) was found to be the major compound of SAEO. Eugenol, as the main chemical constituent of SAEO, showed its signature peaks in the wavenumber range of 720 – 1250 cm-1, ascribing to the C=C region. The antimicrobial activity of SAEO on Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria innocua and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were evaluated. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was then applied to unravel the antibacterial mechanism of SAEO on E. coli as the most resistant strain and L. innocua as the most sensitive strain. The MTT assay was also used to investigate the cytotoxicity effect of SAEO on human colonic cancer cell lines (HT29 cell line) and the highest cytotoxic effect was observed at 200 mg.mL-1 concentration of SAEO. The SEM micrographs revealed that the SAEO treatment was able to manifestly increase the cell permeabilization and membrane integrity disruption. This means that the entirety of the cell membranes was remarkably affected by the essential oil, which could lead to cytoplasm secretion and subsequent cell death. The data strongly suggest that SAEO had a potential antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxicity activity.
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