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Cangelosi G, Palomares SM, Pantanetti P, De Luca A, Biondini F, Nguyen CTT, Mancin S, Sguanci M, Petrelli F. COVID-19, Nutrients and Lifestyle Eating Behaviors: A Narrative Review. Diseases 2024; 12:193. [PMID: 39195192 DOI: 10.3390/diseases12080193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2024] [Revised: 08/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 infection, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), quickly emerged as the most significant event of the new millennium. A balanced diet seems to ensure the proper functioning of the immune system and plays a fundamental role in the prevention of viral disease, inflammation, or thrombosis. The principal aim of this secondary study was to investigate the relationship between nutrients, lifestyle eating behaviors, and SARS-CoV-2 infection. METHODS A narrative review was conducted in the PubMed-Medline database, analyzing primary studies. RESULTS Our review identified 21 relevant studies: 13 focused on vitamins, 1 on omega-3 supplementation, 1 on probiotics, and 6 on lifestyle and dietary behaviors. Vitamin supplementation has shown promise in attenuating COVID-19 symptoms and reducing mortality risk. Specifically, vitamin D has demonstrated efficacy in enhancing immune responses among patients with the disease. While preliminary evidence suggests the potential benefits of omega-3 and probiotic supplementation in improving health outcomes for COVID-19 outpatients, further research is needed to solidify these findings. CONCLUSIONS The lifestyle changes imposed by lockdown measures have adversely affected psychological well-being and exacerbated health issues associated with reduced physical activity and poor dietary habits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sara Morales Palomares
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences (DFSSN), University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | | | - Alessia De Luca
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | | | - Cuc Thi Thu Nguyen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Administration and Economics, Hanoi University of Pharmacy, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | | | - Marco Sguanci
- A.O. Polyclinic San Martino Hospital, Largo R. Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Fabio Petrelli
- School of Pharmacy, Polo Medicina Sperimentale e Sanità Pubblica "Stefania Scuri", Via Madonna delle Carceri 9, 62032 Camerino, Italy
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2
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Younes S. The role of nutrition on the treatment of Covid 19. HUMAN NUTRITION & METABOLISM 2024; 36:200255. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hnm.2024.200255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
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3
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Zhu Y, Mierau JO, Bakker SJL, Dekker LH, Navis GJ. Sarcopenia augments the risk of excess weight on COVID-19 hospitalization: A prospective study using the Lifelines COVID-19 cohort. Nutrition 2024; 121:112361. [PMID: 38367316 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2024.112361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated the associations of sarcopenia alone, overweight or obesity, and sarcopenic overweight or obesity with COVID-19 hospitalization. METHODS Participants from the Lifelines COVID-19 cohort who were infected with COVID-19 were included in this study. Sarcopenia was defined as a relative deviation of muscle mass of ≤ -1.0 SD from the sex-specific mean 24-h urinary creatinine excretion. Overweight or obesity was defined as a body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m2. Sarcopenic overweight or obesity was defined as the presence of overweight or obesity and low muscle mass. COVID-19 hospitalization was self-reported. Logistic regression models were used to analyze the associations of sarcopenia alone, overweight or obesity, and sarcopenic overweight or obesity with COVID-19 hospitalization. RESULTS Of the 3594 participants infected with COVID-19 and recruited in this study, 173 had been admitted to the hospital. Compared with the reference group, individuals with overweight or obesity and sarcopenic overweight or obesity were 1.78-times and 2.09-times more likely to have been hospitalized for COVID-19, respectively, whereas sarcopenia alone did not increase the risk of COVID-19 hospitalization. CONCLUSIONS In this middle-aged population, sarcopenic overweight or obesity elevated the risk of hospitalization for COVID-19 in those infected with COVID-19 more than overweight or obesity alone. These data support the relevance of sarcopenic overweight or obesity as a risk factor beyond the geriatric setting and should be considered in risk stratification in future public health and vaccination campaigns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinjie Zhu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Jochen O Mierau
- Team Strategy and External Relations, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands; Lifelines Cohort Study and Biobank, Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Economics, Econometrics and Finance, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Stephan J L Bakker
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Louise H Dekker
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Gerjan J Navis
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
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Napiórkowska-Baran K, Treichel P, Czarnowska M, Drozd M, Koperska K, Węglarz A, Schmidt O, Darwish S, Szymczak B, Bartuzi Z. Immunomodulation through Nutrition Should Be a Key Trend in Type 2 Diabetes Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3769. [PMID: 38612580 PMCID: PMC11011461 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
An organism's ability to function properly depends not solely on its diet but also on the intake of nutrients and non-nutritive bioactive compounds that exert immunomodulatory effects. This principle applies both to healthy individuals and, in particular, to those with concomitant chronic conditions, such as type 2 diabetes. However, the current food industry and the widespread use of highly processed foods often lead to nutritional deficiencies. Numerous studies have confirmed the occurrence of immune system dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes. This article elucidates the impact of specific nutrients on the immune system function, which maintains homeostasis of the organism, with a particular emphasis on type 2 diabetes. The role of macronutrients, micronutrients, vitamins, and selected substances, such as omega-3 fatty acids, coenzyme Q10, and alpha-lipoic acid, was taken into consideration, which outlined the minimum range of tests that ought to be performed on patients in order to either directly or indirectly determine the severity of malnutrition in this group of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Napiórkowska-Baran
- Department of Allergology, Clinical Immunology and Internal Diseases, Collegium Medicum Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University Toruń, 85-067 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Paweł Treichel
- Student Research Club of Clinical Immunology, Department of Allergology, Clinical Immunology and Internal Diseases, Collegium Medicum Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University Toruń, 85-067 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (P.T.); (M.C.); (M.D.); (K.K.); (A.W.); (O.S.); (S.D.); (B.S.)
| | - Marta Czarnowska
- Student Research Club of Clinical Immunology, Department of Allergology, Clinical Immunology and Internal Diseases, Collegium Medicum Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University Toruń, 85-067 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (P.T.); (M.C.); (M.D.); (K.K.); (A.W.); (O.S.); (S.D.); (B.S.)
| | - Magdalena Drozd
- Student Research Club of Clinical Immunology, Department of Allergology, Clinical Immunology and Internal Diseases, Collegium Medicum Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University Toruń, 85-067 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (P.T.); (M.C.); (M.D.); (K.K.); (A.W.); (O.S.); (S.D.); (B.S.)
| | - Kinga Koperska
- Student Research Club of Clinical Immunology, Department of Allergology, Clinical Immunology and Internal Diseases, Collegium Medicum Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University Toruń, 85-067 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (P.T.); (M.C.); (M.D.); (K.K.); (A.W.); (O.S.); (S.D.); (B.S.)
| | - Agata Węglarz
- Student Research Club of Clinical Immunology, Department of Allergology, Clinical Immunology and Internal Diseases, Collegium Medicum Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University Toruń, 85-067 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (P.T.); (M.C.); (M.D.); (K.K.); (A.W.); (O.S.); (S.D.); (B.S.)
| | - Oskar Schmidt
- Student Research Club of Clinical Immunology, Department of Allergology, Clinical Immunology and Internal Diseases, Collegium Medicum Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University Toruń, 85-067 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (P.T.); (M.C.); (M.D.); (K.K.); (A.W.); (O.S.); (S.D.); (B.S.)
| | - Samira Darwish
- Student Research Club of Clinical Immunology, Department of Allergology, Clinical Immunology and Internal Diseases, Collegium Medicum Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University Toruń, 85-067 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (P.T.); (M.C.); (M.D.); (K.K.); (A.W.); (O.S.); (S.D.); (B.S.)
| | - Bartłomiej Szymczak
- Student Research Club of Clinical Immunology, Department of Allergology, Clinical Immunology and Internal Diseases, Collegium Medicum Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University Toruń, 85-067 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (P.T.); (M.C.); (M.D.); (K.K.); (A.W.); (O.S.); (S.D.); (B.S.)
| | - Zbigniew Bartuzi
- Department of Allergology, Clinical Immunology and Internal Diseases, Collegium Medicum Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University Toruń, 85-067 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
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Di Profio E, Risé P, Orlandi L, Zoia E, Pinna C, Sala A, Zuccotti G, Verduci E. Unsaturated fatty acids, omega-3 index and hospitalization in MISC. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2024; 202:102627. [PMID: 38964007 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2024.102627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
The growing interest in Omega-3 fatty acids as diagnostic markers or new therapeutic approaches also for COVID-19 disease, led us to investigate the presence of potential correlations between Omega-3 fatty acids' levels in whole blood and days of hospitalization or admission to the paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) in 51 children with MIS-C diagnosis following SARS-CoV-2 infection. A statistically significant negative correlation was observed between days of hospitalization and docosapentaenoic acid (22:5n-3,DPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and total Omega-3 FA levels. Dividing the study group into quartiles according to Omega-3-Index (O3I), no statistically significant difference was observed with respect to the PICU admission rate. In contrast, the number of days of hospitalization in Q4 (O3I ≥ 2.51 %) was different from the number observed in groups Q1-3 (O3I < 2.51 %), with subjects showing higher O3I needing shorter hospitalizations than the subjects with lower O3I. According to previous study investigating O3I in adults affected by Sars-cov-2 we explored the levels of this nutrients in children with MIS-C. Our exploratory study shows that high DPA, DHA and O3I levels could be effective in reducing the length of hospitalization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patrizia Risé
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Lara Orlandi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Zoia
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care Unit, "Vittore Buzzi" Children's Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy
| | - Christian Pinna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Angelo Sala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Gianvincenzo Zuccotti
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Elvira Verduci
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, 20142 Milan, Italy; Metabolic Diseases Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
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6
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Pavlidou E, Poulios E, Papadopoulou SK, Fasoulas A, Dakanalis A, Giaginis C. Clinical Evidence on the Potential Beneficial Effects of Diet and Dietary Supplements against COVID-19 Infection Risk and Symptoms' Severity. Med Sci (Basel) 2024; 12:11. [PMID: 38390861 PMCID: PMC10885051 DOI: 10.3390/medsci12010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diet and dietary supplements aim to add trace elements, vitamins, and minerals to the body to improve human health and boost the immune system. In the previous few years, the new SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus strain has been threatening the health of individuals and public health more broadly, with rates of intensive care unit cases on the rise, while long-term COVID-19 complications are persisting until today. In the peculiar circumstances of the COVID-19 pandemic, in combination with disease prevention techniques, the strengthening of the immune system is considered particularly important to enable it to effectively respond to and eliminate the SARS-CoV-2 viral pathogen in the event of infection. The purpose of the current literature review is to thoroughly summarize and critically analyze the current clinical data concerning the potential beneficial effects of diet and dietary supplements against COVID-19 infection risk and symptoms' severity. The micronutrients/supplements examined in this study in relation to COVID-19 infection are vitamins A, B, C, and D, zinc, selenium, magnesium, iron, omega-3 fatty acids, glutamine, resveratrol, beta-glucans, and probiotics. The potential effects of dietary patterns such as the Mediterranean diet against SARS-CoV-2 infection risk and symptoms' severity were also analyzed. Our literature review suggests that micro- and macronutrient supplementation and a healthy diet and lifestyle may provide support to immune system function, with beneficial effects both before and during SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, additional studies are recommended to draw safe conclusions and formulate dietary recommendations concerning dietary supplements and their possible effects on preventing and co-treating COVID-19 disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Pavlidou
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Environment, University of the Aegean, 81400 Lemnos, Greece; (E.P.); (E.P.); (A.F.)
| | - Efthymios Poulios
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Environment, University of the Aegean, 81400 Lemnos, Greece; (E.P.); (E.P.); (A.F.)
| | - Sousana K. Papadopoulou
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Aristeidis Fasoulas
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Environment, University of the Aegean, 81400 Lemnos, Greece; (E.P.); (E.P.); (A.F.)
| | - Antonios Dakanalis
- Department of Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Via G.B. Pergolesi 33, 20900 Monza, MB, Italy;
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan Bicocca, Via Cadore 38, 20900 Monza, MB, Italy
| | - Constantinos Giaginis
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Environment, University of the Aegean, 81400 Lemnos, Greece; (E.P.); (E.P.); (A.F.)
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7
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Flores-López A, Quiroz-Olguin G, González-Garay AG, Serralde-Zúñiga AE. It is not just about prescription. A cohort study of the impact of enteral nutrition on mortality of hospitalized patients with COVID-19. NUTR HOSP 2024; 41:11-18. [PMID: 37929849 DOI: 10.20960/nh.04828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Introduction: during COVID-19 pandemic, international societies released guidelines and recommendations for patients requiring nutritional support according to previous similar respiratory diseases. Objectives: the aim of the study was to evaluate the nutritional support provided by enteral nutrition (EN) in patients with COVID-19 infection, identify if the recommendations from international societies were met and their impact on mortality rate. Methods: a cohort study was conducted on adult patients with COVID-19 admitted to a tertiary hospital. Demographic, clinical, biochemical, and nutritional variables were obtained. A random-effect parametric survival-time model was performed to quantify the risk of death for each variable, and the Hausman test was used to confirm the model. Results: two hundred and twenty-nine patients were enrolled. The delivered energy was > 80 % of adequacy in the first two days, as suggested by international guidelines (11.7 ± 4.9 kcal/kg); however, an adequacy rate less than 60 % was achieved on day 14 (25.4 ± 7.4 kcal/kg). The protein adequacy was > 75 % on the first days of infusion (1.3 ± 0.3 g/kg); however, the infusion was < 50 % (1.5 ± 0.4 g/kg) after being extubated. Age, sex, and nutritional risk were related to higher mortality in patients with EN, whereas the infused energy and protein, the percentage of protein adequacy, arginine, and n-3 PUFA were associated with lower mortality. Conclusion: achieving at least 80 % of the energy and protein requirements, as well as n-3 PUFA and arginine supplementation could be associated with lower mortality in COVID-19 patients. More studies are needed to confirm the role of these nutrients on the mortality rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Flores-López
- Servicio Nutriología Clínica. Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán
| | | | | | - Aurora E Serralde-Zúñiga
- Servicio Nutriología Clínica. Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán
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8
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Zaman R, Ravichandran V, Tan CK. Role of dietary supplements in the continuous battle against COVID-19. Phytother Res 2024; 38:1071-1088. [PMID: 38168043 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
A sudden outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic was a big blow to the world community on every level. Created by a novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, which was previously unknown to the human immune system. The expert opinion almost immediately united on the fact that the most effective way of fighting the pandemic would be by building immunity artificially via a mass immunization program. However, it took about a year for the approval of the first vaccine against COVID-19. In the meantime, a big part of the general population started adapting nutritious diet plans and dietary supplements to boost natural immunity as a potential prophylactic strategy against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Whether they originate from mainstream medicine, such as synthetic supplements, or traditional herbal remedies in the form of single or poly-herbs, these supplements may comprise various components that exhibit immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial characteristics. There is a substantial body of predictions and expert opinions suggesting that enhancing one's diet with dietary supplements containing additional nutrients and bioactive compounds like vitamins, minerals, amino acids, fatty acids, phytochemicals, and probiotics can enhance the immune system's ability to develop resistance against COVID-19, although none of them have any conclusive evidence nor officially recommended by World Health Organization (WHO). The current review critically acclaims the gap between public perception-based preference and real evidence-based study to weigh the actual benefit of dietary supplements in relation to COVID-19 prevention and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahela Zaman
- School of Healthy Aging, Aesthetics and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Vignesh Ravichandran
- School of Healthy Aging, Aesthetics and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chung Keat Tan
- School of Healthy Aging, Aesthetics and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Maimeri N, Marmiere M, Losiggio R, Nardelli P, Baiardo Redaelli M, Fresilli S, D'Amico F, Zangrillo A, Hajjar LA, Landoni G. Interventions reducing mortality in COVID-19 patients: a systematic review of randomized evidence. Minerva Med 2024; 115:61-67. [PMID: 37947782 DOI: 10.23736/s0026-4806.23.08590-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION COVID-19 pandemic changed the way medical research is published, possibly forever. As the need for rapidity led to the rise of preprint servers, the undeniable drop in the overall quality of scientific publications requires an in-depth review of all available evidence. The present manuscript aims to identify and summarize all treatments which have been reported to reduce mortality in randomized trials in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION Independent investigators searched MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, and Embase databases to identify all randomized trials of any intervention influencing mortality in hospitalized COVID-19 patients up to August 18th, 2022. Articles were selected only when they fulfilled all the following: randomized trial design; dealing with any kind of interventions in adult hospitalized COVID-19 patients; and statistically significant reduction in mortality. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS We identified 28 interventions (42 manuscripts) reducing mortality in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. About 60% of the studies (26/42) were multicentric, for a total of 1140 centers involved worldwide. Several of these studies were published in high-ranked, peer-reviewed journals. Interventions with randomized evidence of mortality reduction in hospitalized COVID-19 patients belonged to 5 domains: corticosteroids, immunomodulators, antimicrobials, supportive therapies, and other drugs. CONCLUSIONS Many interventions have the potential to reduce mortality in COVID-19 hospitalized patients. The correct treatment of future pandemics relies on large, multicentric randomized clinical trials for further evaluation of these promising strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolò Maimeri
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Marilena Marmiere
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Rosario Losiggio
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Pasquale Nardelli
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Martina Baiardo Redaelli
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Fresilli
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Filippo D'Amico
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Zangrillo
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Ludhmila A Hajjar
- Intensive Care Unit, Cancer Institute (ICESP), University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Giovanni Landoni
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy -
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
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10
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Rodríguez-Vera D, Salazar JR, Soriano-Ursúa MA, Guzmán-Pérez J, Vergara-Castañeda A, Muñoz-Durán H, Ramírez-Velez GL, Vivar-Sierra A, Naranjo-Navarro CR, Meza-Meneses PA, Loza-Mejía MA, Pinto-Almazán R. Effectiveness of Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation in Improving the Metabolic and Inflammatory Profiles of Mexican Adults Hospitalized with COVID-19. Diseases 2024; 12:28. [PMID: 38248379 PMCID: PMC10814050 DOI: 10.3390/diseases12010028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The development of severe COVID-19 is related to the preexistence of comorbidities and an inadequate nutritional status. The latter is a critical factor for the development of infection and the progression of the disease. Notably, optimal nutrition impacts immune system function, as malnutrition is related to high cytokine levels in the late phase of the disease, correlating with a poor prognosis. In this sense, omega-3 fatty acids (O3FAs) have anti-inflammatory properties that may reduce morbidity and mortality from COVID-19 infection. O3FAs are linked to a better prognosis in COVID-19 patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this randomized, double-blind clinical trial, we evaluate the administration of O3FAs to unvaccinated Mexican patients for two weeks starting after the first two hours of hospitalization. RESULTS The findings support the notion that O3FAs (in a dose high enough to satisfy human physiological requirements in a short time, one capsule of 1.4 g O3FAs daily) exert a comprehensive multi-systemic modulatory influence, affecting inflammatory and metabolic pathways. Significant perturbations in biomarkers, including absolute neutrophil count, hematocrit, and platelet indices, underscore the compound's anti-inflammatory effect. Concurrently, the intervention modulates pivotal metabolic and hepatic parameters, attenuating cardiovascular risk profiles and expediting patient convalescence. These multifarious effects are likely orchestrated through intricate biochemical mechanisms and are subject to individual variations predicated on metabolic factors. CONCLUSIONS The results of this trial support the notion that O3FA supplementation has beneficial effects on COVID-19 patients with moderate presentation by regulating metabolism and limiting inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Rodríguez-Vera
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Diaz Mirón s/n, Mexico City 11340, Mexico; (D.R.-V.); (M.A.S.-U.); (J.G.-P.)
| | - Juan Rodrigo Salazar
- Design, Isolation, and Synthesis of Bioactive Molecules Research Group, Chemical Sciences School, Universidad La Salle-México, Benjamín Franklin 45, Mexico City 06140, Mexico; (J.R.S.); (G.L.R.-V.); (A.V.-S.); (C.R.N.-N.)
| | - Marvin A. Soriano-Ursúa
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Diaz Mirón s/n, Mexico City 11340, Mexico; (D.R.-V.); (M.A.S.-U.); (J.G.-P.)
| | - Jessica Guzmán-Pérez
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Diaz Mirón s/n, Mexico City 11340, Mexico; (D.R.-V.); (M.A.S.-U.); (J.G.-P.)
| | - Arely Vergara-Castañeda
- Promotion and Education for Health and Food Research Group, Chemical Sciences School, Universidad La Salle-México, Benjamín Franklin 45, Mexico City 06140, Mexico;
| | - Horacio Muñoz-Durán
- Environmental Technology Division and Section of Postgraduate Studies, Universidad Tecnológica de Nezahualcóyotl. Cto. Rey Nezahualcóyotl Manzana 10, Benito Juárez, Nezahualcoyotl 57000, Mexico;
| | - Gabriela L. Ramírez-Velez
- Design, Isolation, and Synthesis of Bioactive Molecules Research Group, Chemical Sciences School, Universidad La Salle-México, Benjamín Franklin 45, Mexico City 06140, Mexico; (J.R.S.); (G.L.R.-V.); (A.V.-S.); (C.R.N.-N.)
| | - Alonso Vivar-Sierra
- Design, Isolation, and Synthesis of Bioactive Molecules Research Group, Chemical Sciences School, Universidad La Salle-México, Benjamín Franklin 45, Mexico City 06140, Mexico; (J.R.S.); (G.L.R.-V.); (A.V.-S.); (C.R.N.-N.)
| | - Carlos Rogelio Naranjo-Navarro
- Design, Isolation, and Synthesis of Bioactive Molecules Research Group, Chemical Sciences School, Universidad La Salle-México, Benjamín Franklin 45, Mexico City 06140, Mexico; (J.R.S.); (G.L.R.-V.); (A.V.-S.); (C.R.N.-N.)
| | - Patricia A. Meza-Meneses
- Servicio de Infectología, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Ixtapaluca, Ixtapaluca 56530, Mexico;
| | - Marco A. Loza-Mejía
- Design, Isolation, and Synthesis of Bioactive Molecules Research Group, Chemical Sciences School, Universidad La Salle-México, Benjamín Franklin 45, Mexico City 06140, Mexico; (J.R.S.); (G.L.R.-V.); (A.V.-S.); (C.R.N.-N.)
| | - Rodolfo Pinto-Almazán
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Diaz Mirón s/n, Mexico City 11340, Mexico; (D.R.-V.); (M.A.S.-U.); (J.G.-P.)
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11
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Aiges M, Ramana KV. Significance of Vitamin Supplementation in Reducing the Severity of COVID-19. Mini Rev Med Chem 2024; 24:254-264. [PMID: 36967461 DOI: 10.2174/1389557523666230324081713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19), a serious pandemic due to the SARS-CoV-2 virus infection, caused significant lockdowns, healthcare shortages, and deaths worldwide. The infection leads to an uncontrolled systemic inflammatory response causing severe respiratory distress and multiple-organ failure. Quick development of several vaccines efficiently controlled the spread of COVID-19. However, the rise of various new subvariants of COVID-19 demonstrated some concerns over the efficacy of existing vaccines. Currently, better vaccines to control these variants are still under development as several new subvariants of COVID-19, such as omicron BA-4, BA-5, and BF-7 are still impacting the world. Few antiviral treatments have been shown to control COVID-19 symptoms. Further, control of COVID-19 symptoms has been explored with many natural and synthetic adjuvant compounds in hopes of treating the deadly and contagious disease. Vitamins have been shown to modulate the immune system, function as antioxidants, and reduce the inflammatory response. Recent studies have investigated the potential role of vitamins, specifically vitamins A, B, C, D, and E, in reducing the immune and inflammatory responses and severity of the complication. In this brief article, we discussed our current understanding of the role of vitamins in controlling COVID-19 symptoms and their potential use as adjuvant therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myia Aiges
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Noorda College of Osteopathic Medicine, Provo, UT-84606, USA
| | - Kota V Ramana
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Noorda College of Osteopathic Medicine, Provo, UT-84606, USA
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12
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Chen S, Liang J, Chen D, Huang Q, Sun K, Zhong Y, Lin B, Kong J, Sun J, Gong C, Wang J, Gao Y, Zhang Q, Sun H. Cerebrospinal fluid metabolomic and proteomic characterization of neurologic post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 115:209-222. [PMID: 37858739 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanism by which SARS-CoV-2 causes neurological post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (neuro-PASC) remains unclear. Herein, we conducted proteomic and metabolomic analyses of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from 21 neuro-PASC patients, 45 healthy volunteers, and 26 inflammatory neurological diseases patients. Our data showed 69 differentially expressed metabolites and six differentially expressed proteins between neuro-PASC patients and healthy individuals. Elevated sphinganine and ST1A1, sphingolipid metabolism disorder, and attenuated inflammatory responses may contribute to the occurrence of neuro-PASC, whereas decreased levels of 7,8-dihydropterin and activation of steroid hormone biosynthesis may play a role in the repair process. Additionally, a biomarker cohort consisting of sphinganine, 7,8-dihydroneopterin, and ST1A1 was preliminarily demonstrated to have high value in diagnosing neuro-PASC. In summary, our study represents the first attempt to integrate the diagnostic benefits of CSF with the methodological advantages of multi-omics, thereby offering valuable insights into the pathogenesis of neuro-PASC and facilitating the work of neuroscientists in disclosing different neurological dimensions associated with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilan Chen
- Clinical Biobank Center, Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China; Neurosurgery Center, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Jianhao Liang
- Clinical Biobank Center, Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China; Neurosurgery Center, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Dingqiang Chen
- Clinical Biobank Center, Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Qiyuan Huang
- Clinical Biobank Center, Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Kaijian Sun
- Neurosurgery Center, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Yuxia Zhong
- Clinical Biobank Center, Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Baojia Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Jingjing Kong
- Clinical Biobank Center, Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Jiaduo Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China; Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510180, China
| | - Chengfang Gong
- Clinical Biobank Center, Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China; Neurosurgery Center, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Neurosurgery Center, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Ya Gao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Qingguo Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China.
| | - Haitao Sun
- Clinical Biobank Center, Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China; Neurosurgery Center, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China; Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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13
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Wang P, Shi W, Zhao X, Zhao G, Ding L, Zhang S, Li J. The effect of nutritional biochemical indexes on the hospitalization outcome of COVID-19. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:14445-14456. [PMID: 38095633 PMCID: PMC10756130 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Aims to investigate the relationship between nutritional biochemical indexes and hospitalization outcomes of COVID-19 patients, 132 continuous patients with COVID-19 from December 2022 to January 2023 in Lishui hospital were retrospectively analyzed, and the nutritional biochemical indexes in peripheral blood, such as total protein, albumin, calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium, were detected. Meanwhile, the levels of several cytokines and PBMC subtypes (CD4, CD3, CD8, NK and B cells) were detected too. The Spearman correlation analysis, one-way ANOVA and multivariate logit regression were conducted. Results suggested that the levels of total protein and albumin were significantly decreased in patients with poor outcomes, and the levels of calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium were significantly correlated with hospitalization outcomes. COVID-19 patients with diabetes had higher levels of IL-6 and IFN-γ than those patients without diabetes. The levels of IL-2, IFN-γ, IL-6 and Il-10 in the dead patients were significantly higher than those in the recovery and worse patients. Total protein and albumin were significantly positively correlated with levels of NK and B, CD4, CD8, CD3 lymphocytes. The levels of CD4, CD8 and CD3 lymphocytes were significantly decreased in dead patients than other patients. Multivariate logit regression analysis suggests that lymphocyte number, albumin and IL-6 are independent risk factors to evaluate the hospitalization outcome. In summary, nutritional biochemical indexes were significantly corelated with cytokines and PBMC subsets, and had an impact on the severity of COVID-19 patients. Improvement of low protein malnutrition is broad-spectrum and basic strategy to improve the hospitalization outcome of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University and Lishui City People’s Hospital, Lishui 323000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Wenying Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, College of Pharmacy, Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou, P.R. China
| | - Xiaodi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Guanan Zhao
- Department of Urology Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University and Lishui City People’s Hospital, Lishui 323000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Lidan Ding
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University and Lishui City People’s Hospital, Lishui 323000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Sen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jiaxin Li
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University and Lishui City People’s Hospital, Lishui 323000, Zhejiang Province, China
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14
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Lakshimi VI, Kavitha M. New Insights into Prospective Health Potential of ω-3 PUFAs. Curr Nutr Rep 2023; 12:813-829. [PMID: 37996669 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-023-00508-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid are the two essential long-chain ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs) promoting human health which are obtained from diet or supplementation. The eicosanoids derived from ω-6 and ω-3 PUFAs have opposite characteristics of pro- and anti-inflammatory activities. The proinflammatory effects of ω-6 PUFAs are behind the pathology of the adverse health conditions of PUFA metabolism like cardiovascular diseases, neurological disorders, and inflammatory diseases. A balanced ω-6 to ω-3 ratio of 1-4:1 is critical to prevent the associated disorders. But due to modern agricultural practices, there is a disastrous shift in this ratio to 10-20:1. This review primarily aims to discuss the myriad health potentials of ω-3 PUFAs uncovered through recent research. It further manifests the importance of maintaining a balanced ω-6 to ω-3 PUFA ratio. RECENT FINDINGS ω-3 PUFAs exhibit protective effects against diabetes mellitus-associated complications including diabetic retinopathy, diabetic nephropathy, and proteinuria. COVID-19 is also not an exception to the health benefits of ω-3 PUFAs. Supplementation of ω-3 PUFAs improved the respiratory and clinical symptoms in COVID-19 patients. ω-3 PUFAs exhibit a variety of health benefits including anti-inflammatory property and antimicrobial property and are effective in protecting against various health conditions like atherosclerosis, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, COVID-19, and neurological disorders. In the present review, various health potentials of ω-3 PUFAs are extensively reviewed and summarized. Further, the importance of a balanced ω-6 to ω-3 PUFA ratio has been emphasized besides stating the diverse sources of ω-3 PUFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Iswareya Lakshimi
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M Kavitha
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
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15
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Liu TH, Ho CH, Chen DTL, Wu JY, Huang PY, Lai CC, Hsieh KY, Su KP. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and the psychiatric post-acute sequelae of COVID-19: A one-year retrospective cohort analysis of 33,908 patients. Brain Behav Immun 2023; 114:453-461. [PMID: 37716377 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early prevention and management of psychiatric symptoms in long COVID (or post-COVID-19 conditions) are crucial for reducing long-term disability. Existing clinical guidelines recommend the use of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) as a promising therapeutic approach for various common psychiatric disorders due to their anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective characteristics. This study aims to investigate the potential efficacy of omega-3 PUFAs in alleviating the psychiatric sequelae following COVID-19. METHODS This 1-year retrospective cohort study used the TriNetX electronic health records network to examine the effects of omega-3 PUFAs supplements on psychiatric sequelae in adults diagnosed with COVID-19. Using propensity-score matching, the study compared those who used omega-3 PUFAs supplements with those who did not, assessing outcomes including depression, anxiety disorders, insomnia, and other somatic conditions up to a year after COVID-19 diagnosis. RESULTS In 16,962 patients who received omega-3 PUFAs supplements and 2,248,803 who did not, omega-3 supplementation significantly reduced the risk of developing psychiatric sequelae post-COVID-19 diagnosis (HR, 0.804; 95% CI, 0.729 to 0.888). Specifically, the risks for depression (HR, 0.828; 95% CI, 0.714 to 0.960), anxiety disorders (HR, 0.833; 95% CI, 0.743 to 0.933), and insomnia (HR, 0.679; 95% CI, 0.531 to 0.869) were reduced in the omega-3 group. This effect was consistent across sex, race, 18-59 age group, and patients with less than two doses of the COVID-19 vaccine. The omega-3 group also had a lower risk of cough and myalgia, but no significant difference was noted for other symptoms like chest pain, abnormal breathing, abdominal issues, fatigue, headache, and cognitive symptoms. CONCLUSION Omega-3 PUFAs may require re-evaluation as a preventive strategy against adverse mental health outcomes post-COVID-19 in placebo-controlled clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Hui Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Han Ho
- Department of Medical Research, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Daniel Tzu-Li Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Mind-Body Interface Research Center (MBI-Lab), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung
| | - Jheng-Yan Wu
- Department of Nutrition, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Po-Yu Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Cheng Lai
- Division of Hospital Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan; School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Yang Hsieh
- Department of Psychiatry, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Pin Su
- Mind-Body Interface Research Center (MBI-Lab), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; King's College London, London, UK; College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; An-Nan Hospital, China Medical University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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16
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Guo B, Xue M, Zhang T, Gan H, Lin R, Liu M, Liao Y, Lyu J, Zheng P, Sun B. Correlation between immune-related Tryptophan-Kynurenine pathway and severity of severe pneumonia and inflammation-related polyunsaturated fatty acids. Immun Inflamm Dis 2023; 11:e1088. [PMID: 38018595 PMCID: PMC10659755 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.1088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune dysfunction and oxidative stress caused by severe pneumonia can lead to multiple organ dysfunction and even death, causing a significant impact on health and the economy. Currently, great progress has been made in the diagnosis and treatment of this disease, but the mortality rate remains high (approximately 50%). Therefore, there is still potential for further exploration of the immune response mechanisms against severe pneumonia. OBJECTIVE This study analyzed the difference in serum metabolic profiles between patients with severe pneumonia and health individuals through metabolomics, aiming to uncover the correlation between the Tryptophan-Kynurenine pathway and the severity of severe pneumonia, as well as N-3/N-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). METHODS In this study, 44 patients with severe pneumonia and 37 health controls were selected. According to the changes in the disease symptoms within the 7 days of admission, the patients were divided into aggravation (n = 22) and remission (n = 22) groups. Targeted metabolomics techniques were performed to quantify serum metabolites and analyze changes between groups. RESULTS Metabolomics analysis showed that serum kynurenine and kynurenine/tryptophan (K/T) were significantly increased and tryptophan was significantly decreased in patients with severe pneumonia; HETE and HEPE in lipids increased significantly, while eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), α-linolenic acid (linolenic acid, α-LNA), arachidonic acid (ARA), Dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA), and 13(s)-hydroperoxylinoleic acid (HPODE) decreased significantly. Additionally, the longitudinal comparison revealed that Linolenic acid, DPA, and Tryptophan increased significantly in the remission group, while and kynurenine and K/T decreased significantly. In the aggravation group, Kynurenine and K/T increased significantly, while ARA, 8(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (HETE), 11(S)-HETE, and Tryptophan decreased significantly. The correlation analysis matrix demonstrated that Tryptophan was positively correlated with DGLA, 12(S)-hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acid (HEPE), ARA, EPA, α-LNA, DHA, and DPA. Kynurenine was positively correlated with 8(S)-HETE and negatively correlated with DHA. Additionally, K/T was negatively correlated with DGLA, ARA, EPA, α-LNA, DHA, and DPA. CONCLUSION This study revealed that during severe pneumonia, the Tryptophan-Kynurenine pathway was activated and was positively correlated with the disease progression. On the other hand, the activation of the Tryptophan-Kynurenine pathway was negatively correlated with N-3/N-6 PUFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baojun Guo
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryNational Center for Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (The Key Laboratory of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Center, Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Center)GuangzhouChina
- School of MedicineHenan UniversityKaifengHenanChina
| | - Mingshan Xue
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryNational Center for Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (The Key Laboratory of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Center, Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Center)GuangzhouChina
| | - Teng Zhang
- China Institute for Radiation ProtectionTaiyuanChina
| | - Hui Gan
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryNational Center for Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (The Key Laboratory of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Center, Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Center)GuangzhouChina
| | - Runpei Lin
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryNational Center for Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (The Key Laboratory of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Center, Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Center)GuangzhouChina
| | - Mingtao Liu
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryNational Center for Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (The Key Laboratory of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Center, Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Center)GuangzhouChina
| | - Yuhong Liao
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryNational Center for Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (The Key Laboratory of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Center, Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Center)GuangzhouChina
| | - Jiali Lyu
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryNational Center for Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (The Key Laboratory of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Center, Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Center)GuangzhouChina
| | - Peiyan Zheng
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryNational Center for Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (The Key Laboratory of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Center, Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Center)GuangzhouChina
| | - Baoqing Sun
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryNational Center for Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (The Key Laboratory of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Center, Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Center)GuangzhouChina
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17
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Calder PC. Nutrition and immunity: lessons from coronavirus disease-2019. Proc Nutr Soc 2023:1-16. [PMID: 37886807 DOI: 10.1017/s0029665123004792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
This review will provide an overview of the immune system and then describe the effects of frailty, obesity, specific micronutrients and the gut microbiota on immunity and susceptibility to infection including data from the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic where relevant. A key role for the immune system is providing host defence against pathogens. Impaired immunity predisposes to infections and to more severe infections and weakens the response to vaccination. A range of nutrients, including many micronutrients, play important roles in supporting the immune system to function. The immune system can decline in later life and this is exaggerated by frailty. The immune system is also weakened with obesity, generalised undernutrition and micronutrient deficiencies, which all result in increased susceptibility to infection. Findings obtained during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic support what was already known about the effects of ageing, frailty and obesity on immunity and susceptibility to infection. Observational studies conducted during the pandemic also support previous findings that multiple micronutrients including vitamins C, D and E, zinc and selenium and long-chain n-3 fatty acids are important for immune health, but whether these nutrients can be used to treat those already with coronavirus disease discovered in 2019 (COVID-19), particularly if already hospitalised, is uncertain from current inconsistent or scant evidence. There is gut dysbiosis in patients with COVID-19 and studies with probiotics report clinical improvements in such patients. There is an inverse association between adherence to a healthy diet and risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and hospitalisation with COVID-19 which is consistent with the effects of individual nutrients and other dietary components. Addressing frailty, obesity and micronutrient insufficiency will be important to reduce the burden of future pandemics and nutritional considerations need to be a central part of the approach to preventing infections, optimising vaccine responses and promoting recovery from infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip C Calder
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
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18
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Tavares LP, Nijmeh J, Levy BD. Respiratory viral infection and resolution of inflammation: Roles for specialized pro-resolving mediators. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2023; 248:1635-1644. [PMID: 37837390 PMCID: PMC10723024 DOI: 10.1177/15353702231199082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory viral infections with influenza A virus (IAV) or respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) pose a significant threat to public health due to excess morbidity and mortality. Dysregulated and excessive inflammatory responses are major underlying causes of viral pneumonia severity and morbidity, including aberrant host immune responses and increased risk for secondary bacterial infections. Currently available antiviral therapies have not substantially reduced the risk of severe viral pneumonia for these pathogens. Thus, new therapeutic approaches that can promote resolution of the pathogen-initiated inflammation without impairing host defense would represent a significant advance. Recent research has uncovered the potential for specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) to transduce multipronged actions for the resolution of serious respiratory viral infection without increased risk for subsequent host susceptibility to bacterial infection. Here, we review recent advances in our understanding of SPM production and SPM receptor signaling in respiratory virus infections and the intriguing potential of harnessing SPM pathways to control excess morbidity and mortality from IAV and RSV pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana P Tavares
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Julie Nijmeh
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Bruce D Levy
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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19
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Badanta B, García MA, Jiménez ÁE, Lucchetti G, de Diego-Cordero R. The use of complementary and traditional medicine for the treatment of patients with COVID-19: A systematic review. Explore (NY) 2023; 19:646-662. [PMID: 36828766 PMCID: PMC9941070 DOI: 10.1016/j.explore.2023.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the use and effectiveness of non-pharmacological therapies as part of the treatment of COVID-19 and its complications, either combined or not with the usual treatment. METHODS A systematic review was conducted between August and October 2021 using PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL and Web of Science databases. From a total of 204 articles identified, 33 were included in the final sample (15 clinical trials and 18 quasi-experimental studies). The methodological evaluation was carried out using STROBE and CONSORT guidelines. RESULTS There is a growing literature on the use of CAM for COVID-19. Most studies have shown positive findings, particularly for the use of TCM, other herbal therapies and acupuncture. Nevertheless, most studies were carried out in Asia and relied on quasi-experimental designs. The current evidence is available for physical outcomes (mortality rate, pneumonia resolution and other symptoms, negative PCR test, and hospitalization and ICU admissions) and for mental health outcomes. CONCLUSION Despite a positive role of CAM on COVID-19 outcomes, the evidence is still mostly based on quasi-experimental studies. More robust clinical trials are needed in order to generate better evidence in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Badanta
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy, and Podiatry, University of Sevilla, C/Avenzoar, 6, Spain
| | - Marta Alonso García
- Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry, University of Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - Giancarlo Lucchetti
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, Brazil
| | - Rocío de Diego-Cordero
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy, and Podiatry, University of Sevilla, C/Avenzoar, 6, Spain.
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20
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Ahmed IS, Tapponi SL, Widatallah ME, Alakkad YM, Haider M. Unmasking the enigma: An in-depth analysis of COVID-19 impact on the pediatric population. J Infect Public Health 2023; 16:1346-1360. [PMID: 37433256 PMCID: PMC10299956 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2023.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES COVID-19, caused by the novel coronavirus, has had a profound and wide-reaching impact on individuals of all age groups across the globe, including children. This review article aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of COVID-19 in children, covering essential topics such as epidemiology, transmission, pathogenesis, clinical features, risk factors, diagnosis, treatment, vaccination, and others. By delving into the current understanding of the disease and addressing the challenges that lie ahead, this article seeks to shed light on the unique considerations surrounding COVID-19 in children and contribute to a deeper comprehension of this global health crisis affecting our youngest population. METHODS A comprehensive literature search was conducted to gather the most recent and relevant information regarding COVID-19 in children. Multiple renowned databases, including MEDLINE, PubMed, Scopus, as well as authoritative sources such as the World Health Organization (WHO), the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the European Medicines Agency (EMA), and the National Institutes of Health (NIH) websites and others were thoroughly searched. The search included articles, guidelines, reports, clinical trials results and expert opinions published within the past three years, ensuring the inclusion of the latest research findings on COVID-19 in children. Several relevant keywords, including "COVID-19," "SARS-CoV-2," "children," "pediatrics," and related terms were used to maximize the scope of the search and retrieve a comprehensive set of articles. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Three years since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, our understanding of its impact on children has evolved, but many questions remain unanswered. While SAR-CoV-2 generally leads to mild illness in children, the occurrence of severe cases and the potential for long-term effects cannot be overlooked. Efforts to comprehensively study COVID-19 in children must continue to improve preventive strategies, identify high-risk populations, and ensure optimal management. By unraveling the enigma surrounding COVID-19 in children, we can strive towards safeguarding their health and well-being in the face of future global health challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Saad Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Sara Luay Tapponi
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Marwa Eltahir Widatallah
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Yumna Mohamed Alakkad
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohamed Haider
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
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21
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Yue HY, Zeng J, Wang Y, Deng MJ, Peng W, Tan X, Jiang H. Efficacy of omega-3 fatty acids for hospitalized COVID-19 patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 2023; 32:308-320. [PMID: 37789651 PMCID: PMC11090385 DOI: 10.6133/apjcn.202309_32(3).0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Emerging expert consensuses and guidelines recommend that omega-3 fatty acids may have anti-inflammatory effects in hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19). However, these recommendations are based on pathophysiological studies of inflammation rather than direct clinical evidence. We conducted this systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN We retrieved literature from PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), WANFANG, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, and Cochrane Library databases up to May 1, 2023. Data from studies comparing omega-3 fatty acids with a placebo or other pharmaceutical nutrients were analyzed. RESULTS Of 3032 records, 42 full-text articles were reviewed, five eligible studies were identified, and one study was found in the references. In total of six studies involving 273 patients were included, pooled, and analyzed. Compared to the control group, omega-3 fatty acid intervention reduced the overall mortality of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 (RR=0.76; 95% CI, [0.61, 0.93]; p=0.010). No serious or unexpected drug-related adverse events were observed. No statistical significance was observed in inflammatory markers such as CRP (MD=-9.69; 95% CI, [-22.52, 3.15]; p=0.14; I2=97%) and IL-6; however, the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio was significantly lower in the omega-3 FAs group on day 7 of intervention (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Omega-3 fatty acid administration may be associated with reduced mortality in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Given the small sample size of enrolled studies, more rigorous and large-scale trials are urgently needed in the future to verify its efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Yang Yue
- Institute for Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun Zeng
- Sichuan Provincial Research Center for Emergency Medicine and Critical illness, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Institute for Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Provincial Research Center for Emergency Medicine and Critical illness, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Meng-Jie Deng
- Institute for Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Peng
- Institute for Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Tan
- Institute for Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hua Jiang
- Institute for Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Provincial Research Center for Emergency Medicine and Critical illness, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
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22
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Ma Y, Zhang L, Zeng R, Jiang R, Luo D, Wu H, Zhuo Z, Yang Q, Li J, Leung FW, Duan C, Sha W, Chen H. Habitual fish oil use and risk of COVID-19-related outcomes: Evidence from a large scale cohort study and Mendelian randomization analysis. Clin Nutr 2023; 42:1399-1407. [PMID: 37429103 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2023.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Previous findings for the effects of fish oil on COVID-19-related outcomes remain largely inconclusive and controversy persists. Large population-based studies in real-life settings are required to explore the impact of habitual fish oil use on Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related hospitalization and death. To investigate the associations between habitual fish oil use and SARS-CoV-2infection, COVID-19-related outcome. METHODS Cohort study based on the UK Biobank. 466,572 participants were enrolled. For Mendelian randomization (MR) study, single-nucleotide variants were selected for exposures of fish-oil-derived n-3 PUFAs, including docosapentaenoic acid (DPA). RESULTS 146,969 (31.5%) participants reported their habitual fish oil use at baseline. Compared with non-fish-oil-users, the hazard ratios for habitual users were 0.97 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.94 to 0.99) for SARS-CoV-2 infection, 0.92 (95% CI 0.85 to 0.98) for COVID-19-related hospitalization and 0.86 (95% CI 0.75 to 0.98) for COVID-19-related death. MR showed that a higher level of circulating DPA is casually associated with a lower risk of severe COVID-19 (IVW, odds ratio = 0.26, 95% CI 0.08-0.88, P = 0.030). CONCLUSIONS In this large cohort, we found that habitual fish oil use was significantly associated with lower risks of SARS-CoV-2 infection, hospitalization and death from COVID-19. MR analyses further support a possible causal role of DPA, one of the components of fish oil and valid biomarkers of dietary intake, in reducing the risk of severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China; The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Lijun Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China; School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ruijie Zeng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515000, Guangdong, China
| | - Rui Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China; School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Dongling Luo
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Huihuan Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China; School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zewei Zhuo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Qi Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jingwei Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China; The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Felix W Leung
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles 90024, California, USA; Sepulveda Ambulatory Care Center, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, North Hills 91343, California, USA.
| | - Chongyang Duan
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Weihong Sha
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China; The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515000, Guangdong, China.
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China; The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515000, Guangdong, China.
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23
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Abstract
COVID-19 infections decrease total cholesterol, LDL-C, HDL-C, and apolipoprotein A-I, A-II, and B levels while triglyceride levels may be increased or inappropriately normal for the poor nutritional status. The degree of reduction in total cholesterol, LDL-C, HDL-C, and apolipoprotein A-I are predictive of mortality. With recovery lipid/lipoprotein levels return towards pre-infection levels and studies have even suggested an increased risk of dyslipidemia post-COVID-19 infection. The potential mechanisms for these changes in lipid and lipoprotein levels are discussed. Decreased HDL-C and apolipoprotein A-I levels measured many years prior to COVID-19 infections are associated with an increased risk of severe COVID-19 infections while LDL-C, apolipoprotein B, Lp (a), and triglyceride levels were not consistently associated with an increased risk. Finally, data suggest that omega-3-fatty acids and PCSK9 inhibitors may reduce the severity of COVID-19 infections. Thus, COVID-19 infections alter lipid/lipoprotein levels and HDL-C levels may affect the risk of developing COVID-19 infections.
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24
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Abstract
Convergence of the two pandemics: metabolic syndrome and COVID-19 over last two years has posed unprecedented challenges to individuals as well as healthcare systems. Epidemiological data suggest a close association between metabolic syndrome and COVID-19 while variety of possible pathogenic connections have been proposed while some have been proven. Despite the evidence of high risk for adverse COVID-19 outcomes in people with metabolic syndrome, little is known about the differences in efficacy and safety among people with metabolic syndrome and without. It is important to recognize that among people with metabolic syndrome This review summarizes the current knowledge and epidemiological evidence on the association between metabolic syndrome and adverse COVID-19 outcomes, pathogenic interrelationships, management considerations for acute COVID-19 and post-COVID sequalae and sustaining care of people living with metabolic syndrome with appraisal of evidence and gaps in knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harsha Dissanayake
- Diabetes Research Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka; Postgraduate Institute of Medicine, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka.
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25
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McGill AR, Markoutsa E, Mayilsamy K, Green R, Sivakumar K, Mohapatra S, Mohapatra SS. Acetate-encapsulated Linolenic Acid Liposomes Reduce SARS-CoV-2 and RSV Infection. Viruses 2023; 15:1429. [PMID: 37515117 PMCID: PMC10385125 DOI: 10.3390/v15071429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Emergent Coronaviridae viruses, such as SARS-CoV-1 in 2003, MERS-CoV in 2012, and SARS-CoV-2 (CoV-2) in 2019, have caused millions of deaths. These viruses have added to the existing respiratory infection burden along with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and influenza. There are limited therapies for respiratory viruses, with broad-spectrum treatment remaining an unmet need. Since gut fermentation of fiber produces short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) with antiviral potential, developing a fatty acid-based broad-spectrum antiviral was investigated. Molecular docking of fatty acids showed α-linolenic acid (ALA) is likely to interact with CoV-2-S, NL63-CoV-S, and RSV-F, and an ALA-containing liposome interacted with CoV-2 directly, degrading the particle. Furthermore, a combination of ALA and a SCFA-acetate synergistically inhibited CoV2-N expression and significantly reduced viral plaque formation and IL-6 and IL-1β transcript expression in Calu-3 cells, while increasing the expression of IFN-β. A similar effect was also observed in RSV-infected A549 cells. Moreover, mice infected with a murine-adapted SARS-CoV-2 (MA10) and treated with an ALA-liposome encapsulating acetate showed significant reductions in plaque-forming units present in lung tissue and in infection-associated lung inflammation and cytokines. Taken together, these results demonstrate that the ALA liposome-encapsulating acetate can be a promising broad antiviral therapy against respiratory infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R McGill
- James A. Haley Veterans Hospital, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Center for Research and Education in Nanobioengineering, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Eleni Markoutsa
- James A. Haley Veterans Hospital, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Center for Research and Education in Nanobioengineering, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Taneja College of Pharmacy Graduate Programs, MDC30, 12908 USF Health Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Karthick Mayilsamy
- James A. Haley Veterans Hospital, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Ryan Green
- James A. Haley Veterans Hospital, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Center for Research and Education in Nanobioengineering, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Kavya Sivakumar
- Taneja College of Pharmacy Graduate Programs, MDC30, 12908 USF Health Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Subhra Mohapatra
- James A. Haley Veterans Hospital, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Shyam S Mohapatra
- James A. Haley Veterans Hospital, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Center for Research and Education in Nanobioengineering, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Taneja College of Pharmacy Graduate Programs, MDC30, 12908 USF Health Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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26
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Chen P, Wu M, He Y, Jiang B, He ML. Metabolic alterations upon SARS-CoV-2 infection and potential therapeutic targets against coronavirus infection. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:237. [PMID: 37286535 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01510-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 infection has become a global pandemic due to the high viral transmissibility and pathogenesis, bringing enormous burden to our society. Most patients infected by SARS-CoV-2 are asymptomatic or have mild symptoms. Although only a small proportion of patients progressed to severe COVID-19 with symptoms including acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), disseminated coagulopathy, and cardiovascular disorders, severe COVID-19 is accompanied by high mortality rates with near 7 million deaths. Nowadays, effective therapeutic patterns for severe COVID-19 are still lacking. It has been extensively reported that host metabolism plays essential roles in various physiological processes during virus infection. Many viruses manipulate host metabolism to avoid immunity, facilitate their own replication, or to initiate pathological response. Targeting the interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and host metabolism holds promise for developing therapeutic strategies. In this review, we summarize and discuss recent studies dedicated to uncovering the role of host metabolism during the life cycle of SARS-CoV-2 in aspects of entry, replication, assembly, and pathogenesis with an emphasis on glucose metabolism and lipid metabolism. Microbiota and long COVID-19 are also discussed. Ultimately, we recapitulate metabolism-modulating drugs repurposed for COVID-19 including statins, ASM inhibitors, NSAIDs, Montelukast, omega-3 fatty acids, 2-DG, and metformin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiran Chen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, HKSAR, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mandi Wu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, HKSAR, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yaqing He
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Binghua Jiang
- Cell Signaling and Proteomic Center, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Ming-Liang He
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, HKSAR, Hong Kong, China.
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27
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Kalkuz Ş, Göktaş Z. Evaluation of dietary supplementation and/or herbal food consumption habits and common beliefs on their effectiveness during the COVID-19 pandemic. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e33883. [PMID: 37233414 PMCID: PMC10219646 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000033883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Since 2020, COVID-19 has affected the entire world. Various dietary supplements/herbal foods are recommended to protect against and/or treat COVID-19 through social media and conventional media platforms, although their effects are unproven. Hence, this study aimed to investigate dietary supplementation and/or herbal food consumption habits intended to protect against and/or treat COVID-19, as well as common thoughts and beliefs about these products during the COVID-19 pandemic. This cross-sectional study was conducted as an online survey via the "SurveyMonkey" platform between June and December 2021. Participants were invited to participate in the study via social media (Instagram, Twitter, Facebook, WhatsApp) and the questionnaire was administered online. A total of 1767 participants were confirmed to be eligible. Overall, 35.3% used dietary supplements/herbal foods for protection against COVID-19 and 67.1% used them for treatment. Most believed that certain dietary supplements/herbal foods have an effect on the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. According to the COVID-19 infection status, participants differed in their opinions regarding the protective effects of vitamin D supplementation against COVID-19 (P = .02). It is important to raise public awareness of this issue and to avoid the unnecessary use of dietary supplements before sufficient evidence has been presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Şeyma Kalkuz
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Kirklareli University, Kirklareli, Turkey
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Göktaş
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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28
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Mardi A, Kamran A, Pourfarzi F, Zare M, Hajipour A, Doaei S, Abediasl N, Hackett D. Potential of macronutrients and probiotics to boost immunity in patients with SARS-COV-2: a narrative review. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1161894. [PMID: 37312883 PMCID: PMC10259402 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1161894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-COV-2) may cause inflammation and increased cytokine secretion. Dietary factors may play an important role in enhancing the immune responses against infectious diseases such as SARS-COV-2. This narrative review aims to determine the effectiveness of macronutrients and probiotics to improve immunity in SARS-COV-2 patients. Dietary proteins may boost pulmonary function in SARS-COV-2 patients through inhibitory effects on the Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and reduce Angiotensin (ANG-II). Moreover, omega-3 fatty acids may improve oxygenation, acidosis, and renal function. Dietary fiber may also produce anti-inflammatory effects by reducing the level of high-sensitivity C-Reactive Protein (hs-CRP), Interleukin (IL-6), and Tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α). In addition, some evidence indicates that probiotics significantly improve oxygen saturation which may enhance survival rate. In conclusion, the consumption of a healthy diet including adequate macronutrients and probiotic intake may decrease inflammation and oxidative stress. Following this dietary practice is likely to strengthen the immune system and have beneficial effects against SARS-COV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afrouz Mardi
- Department of Public Health, School of Health, Ardabil University of Medical Science, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Aziz Kamran
- School of Medicine and Allied Medical Sciences, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Farhad Pourfarzi
- Digestive Disease Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Maryam Zare
- Department of Nutrition, Khalkhal University of Medical Sciences, Khalkhal, Iran
| | - Azadeh Hajipour
- School of Health, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Saeid Doaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Negin Abediasl
- Digestive Disease Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Daniel Hackett
- Physical Activity, Lifestyle, Ageing and Wellbeing Faculty Research Group, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Lidcombe, NSW, Australia
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29
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Khalaji A, Behnoush AH, Alilou S, Rezaee M, Peiman S, Sahebkar A. Adjunctive therapy with lipid-lowering agents in COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Lipids Health Dis 2023; 22:61. [PMID: 37158917 PMCID: PMC10165571 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-023-01828-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many commonly used drugs were evaluated as repurposed treatment options since the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic. The benefit of lipid-lowering agents has been controversial in this regard. In this systematic review, we assessed the effect of these medications as adjunctive therapy in COVID-19 by the inclusion of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). METHODS We searched four international databases including PubMed, the Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase for RCTs in April 2023. The primary outcome was mortality, while other efficacy indices were considered secondary outcomes. In order to estimate the pooled effect size of the outcomes, considering the odds ratio (OR) or standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI), random-effect meta-analyses was conducted. RESULTS Ten studies involving 2,167 COVID-19 patients using statins, omega-3 fatty acids, fenofibrate, PCSK9 inhibitors, and nicotinamide as intervention compared to control or placebo, were included. No significant difference was found in terms of mortality (OR 0.96, 95% CI 0.58 to 1.59, p-value = 0.86, I2 = 20.4%) or length of hospital stay (SMD -0.10, 95% CI -0.78 to 0.59, p-value = 0.78, I2 = 92.4%) by adding a statin to the standard of care. The trend was similar for fenofibrate and nicotinamide. PCSK9 inhibition, however, led to decreased mortality and an overall better prognosis. Omega-3 supplementation showed contradicting results in two trials, suggesting the need for further evaluation. CONCLUSION Although some observational studies found improved outcomes in patients using lipid-lowering agents, our study found no benefit in adding statins, fenofibrate, or nicotinamide to COVID-19 treatment. On the other hand, PCSK9 inhibitors can be a good candidate for further assessment. Finally, there are major limitations in the use of omega-3 supplements in treating COVID-19 and more trials are warranted to evaluate this efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirmohammad Khalaji
- Tehran Heart Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Behnoush
- Tehran Heart Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Sanam Alilou
- School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Malihe Rezaee
- Tehran Heart Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soheil Peiman
- Department of Internal Medicine, AdventHealth Orlando Hospital, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Seitz T, Setz C, Rauch P, Schubert U, Hellerbrand C. Lipid Accumulation in Host Cells Promotes SARS-CoV-2 Replication. Viruses 2023; 15:v15041026. [PMID: 37113005 PMCID: PMC10142250 DOI: 10.3390/v15041026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) is still affecting the lives of people around the globe and remains a major public health threat. Lipid levels in the host cells have been shown to promote SARS-CoV-2 replication, and since the start of COVID-19 pandemic, several studies have linked obesity and other components of the metabolic syndrome with severity of illness, as well as mortality in patients with COVID-19. The aim of this study was to obtain insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms of these associations. First, we established an in vitro model simulating high fatty acid levels and showed that this situation induced the uptake of fatty acids and triglyceride accumulation in human Calu-3 lung cells. Importantly, we found that lipid accumulation significantly enhanced the replication of SARS-CoV-2 Wuhan type or the variant of concern, Delta, in Calu-3 cells. In summary, these findings indicate that hyperlipidemia as found in patients with obesity promotes viral replication and herewith the disease course of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Seitz
- Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian Setz
- Institute of Virology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Pia Rauch
- Institute of Virology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Schubert
- Institute of Virology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Claus Hellerbrand
- Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
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Gualtieri P, Trombetta D, Smeriglio A, Frank G, Alibrandi A, Leggeri G, Marchetti M, Zingale I, Fanelli S, Stocchi A, Di Renzo L. Effectiveness of Nutritional Supplements for Attenuating the Side Effects of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15081807. [PMID: 37111026 PMCID: PMC10141698 DOI: 10.3390/nu15081807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Supplementation is known to enhance the immune response and reduce infection. Therefore, the association between immune nutrients and vaccine side effects needs to be investigated. Our aim was to analyze the relationship between vaccination side effects and supplement intake among the Italian population. The study included a questionnaire asking for personal data, anthropometric information, COVID-19 infection and immunity response, and COVID-19 vaccination and supplementation. The survey was conducted from 8 February to 15 June 2022. In the study, 776 respondents were included, aged between 18 and 86 (71.3% females). We observed a statistically significant correlation between supplement consumption and side effects at the end of the vaccination cycle (p = 0.000), which was also confirmed by logistic regression (p = 0.02). Significant associations were observed between supplement intake and side effects of diarrhea and nausea at the end of the vaccination cycle (p = 0.001; p = 0.04, respectively). Significant associations were observed between side effects and omega-3 and mineral supplementation at the start of the vaccination cycle (p = 0.02; p = 0.001, respectively), and between side effects and vitamin supplementation at the end of the vaccination cycle (p = 0.005). In conclusion, our study shows a positive impact of supplementation on vaccination response, increasing host immune defenses, and reducing side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Gualtieri
- Section of Clinical Nutrition and Nutrigenomic, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Domenico Trombetta
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Antonella Smeriglio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Giulia Frank
- Ph.D. School of Applied Medical-Surgical Sciences, University of Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Alibrandi
- Department of Economy, University of Messina, Via dei Verdi 75, 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Giulia Leggeri
- Section of Clinical Nutrition and Nutrigenomic, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Marchetti
- School of Specialization in Food Science, University of Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Zingale
- School of Specialization in Food Science, University of Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Fanelli
- School of Specialization in Food Science, University of Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Arianna Stocchi
- School of Specialization in Food Science, University of Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Di Renzo
- Section of Clinical Nutrition and Nutrigenomic, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
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Rust P, Ekmekcioglu C. The Role of Diet and Specific Nutrients during the COVID-19 Pandemic: What Have We Learned over the Last Three Years? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:5400. [PMID: 37048015 PMCID: PMC10093865 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20075400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Nutrients and diets have an important impact on our immune system and infection risk and a huge number of papers have been published dealing with various aspects of nutrition in relation to SARS-CoV-2 infection risk or COVID-19 severity. This narrative review aims to give an update on this association and tries to summarize some of the most important findings after three years of pandemic. The analysis of major studies and systematic reviews leads to the conclusion that a healthy plant-based diet reduces the risks for SARS-CoV-2 infection and especially COVID-19 severity. Regarding micronutrients, vitamin D is to the fore, but also zinc, vitamin C and, to some extent, selenium may play a role in COVID-19. Furthermore, omega-3-fatty acids with their anti-inflammatory effects also deserve attention. Therefore, a major aim of societal nutritional efforts in future should be to foster a high quality plant-based diet, which not only exerts beneficial effects on the immune system but also reduces the risk for non-communicable diseases such as type 2 diabetes or obesity which are also primary risk factors for worse COVID-19 outcomes. Another aim should be to focus on a good supply of critical immune-effective nutrients, such as vitamin D and zinc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Rust
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Cem Ekmekcioglu
- Department of Environmental Health, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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Gholamalizadeh M, Shekari S, Hassanpour Ardekanizadeh N, Vahid F, Aslani Z, Akbari ME, Alemrajabi M, Lavasani A, Hajipour A, Hosseinzadeh P, Asbaghi O, Doaei S. THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN COLORECTAL CANCER AND INDEX OF NUTRITIONAL QUALITY (INQ); A CASE-CONTROL STUDY. ARQUIVOS DE GASTROENTEROLOGIA 2023; 60:217-223. [PMID: 37556748 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-2803.20230222-169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
•Is the Index of Nutritional Quality (INQ) associated with colon cancer? •This study compared the INQ of various dietary components between colorectal cancer patients and healthy controls. A total of 480 participants were enrolled in the study (160 patients with colorectal cancer as a case group and 320 healthy control). The results showed that CRC is significantly associated with INQ for some micronutrients. INQ can be considered as an indicator to assess clinical nutritional problems. Background - The nutritional quality of diet may influence the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). This study compared the Index of Nutritional Quality (INQ) of various dietary components between colorectal cancer patients and healthy controls. Methods - A total of 480 participants were enrolled in the study (160 patients with colorectal cancer as a case group and 320 healthy control). An analysis was conducted on the general characteristics of the participants, their medical histories, anthropometric indicators, physical activity, alcohol consumption, reproductive history, smoking and food intake. A valid food frequency questionnaire was used to assess nutrient intake and INQ was calculated from daily nutrient intake. Results - A Significant inverse association was found between CRC and INQ for vitamins A (OR=0.01, CI: 0.01-0.01), K (OR=0.04, CI: 0.01-0.15), and B12 (OR=0.71, CI: 0.51-0.98), B5 (OR=0.43, CI: 0.00-0.01), zinc (OR=0.35, CI: 0.13-0.95), and phosphorus (OR=0.17, 0.19-0.94). The association between the INQ of vitamin B12 and zinc with colorectal cancer was disappeared after age adjustment. There was a significant negative association between CRC with the INQ of vitamins A, K, B5, phosphorus, and calcium after further adjustments for gender, BMI, menopausal status, and total energy intake. Conclusion -CRC is significantly associated with INQ for some micronutrients. INQ can be considered as an indicator to assess clinical nutritional problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Gholamalizadeh
- Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soheila Shekari
- Department of Nutrition, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Farhad Vahid
- Department of Precision Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Nutrition and Health Research Group, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Zahra Aslani
- The Ohio State University Interdisciplinary ph.D. Program in Nutrition (OSUN), Columbus, United States
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, United States
| | | | - Mahdi Alemrajabi
- Clinical Research Development Center (CRDC), Firoozgar Hospital, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Lavasani
- Clinical Research Development Center (CRDC), Firoozgar Hospital, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azadeh Hajipour
- School of Health, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Payam Hosseinzadeh
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center (GILDRC), Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Omid Asbaghi
- Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeid Doaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Barania Adabi S, Daneghian S, Khalkhali H, Nejadrahim R, Shivappa N. The association between inflammatory and immune system biomarkers and the dietary inflammatory index in patients with COVID-19. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1075061. [PMID: 37063325 PMCID: PMC10103612 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1075061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundInflammation and cytokine storm have been reported to be the main cause of acute symptoms of coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Diet-induced inflammation may affect the condition of patients with COVID-19. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between disease severity, inflammatory and immune system biomarkers, and the dietary inflammatory index (DII) in patients with COVID-19.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted on 500 adult patients with COVID-19. Patients were divided into mild, moderate, and severe conditions based on clinical and laboratory evidence. A validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to determine DII and energy-adjusted DII (E-DII) scores. The serum C-reactive protein (CRP) level and blood cell count were measured for all patients. Multiple linear regression was used to explore the association between DII and E-DII and CRP, blood cell counts, and hospitalization in patients with COVID-19.ResultsCoronavirus disease (COVID-19) patients with higher DII had higher consumption of fat and carbohydrate and lower intakes of protein, anti-inflammatory nutrients, garlic, caffeine, tea, onion, and fiber (P < 0.05). There was a positive association between DII and CRP (β = 1.024, P < 0.001), hospitalization (β = 1.062, P < 0.001), WBC count (β = 0.486, P < 0.009), neutrophil count (β = 0.565, P < 0.001), and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (β = 0.538, P < 0.001) and a negative association between DII and the lymphocyte count (β = −0.569, P < 0.001). There was a positive association between E-DII and hospitalization (β = 1.645, P < 0.001), WBC count (β = 0.417, P < 0.02), and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (β = 0.35, P < 0.03).ConclusionThere is a positive correlation between DII and inflammation, immune hyperactivation, and length of hospital stay in patients with COVID-19. Further longitudinal studies are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayyeh Barania Adabi
- Maternal and Childhood Obesity Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Sevana Daneghian
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
- Food and Beverages Safety Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
- *Correspondence: Sevana Daneghian
| | | | - Rahim Nejadrahim
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Dermatology, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Nitin Shivappa
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
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Stotts C, Corrales-Medina VF, Rayner KJ. Pneumonia-Induced Inflammation, Resolution and Cardiovascular Disease: Causes, Consequences and Clinical Opportunities. Circ Res 2023; 132:751-774. [PMID: 36927184 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.122.321636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Pneumonia is inflammation in the lungs, which is usually caused by an infection. The symptoms of pneumonia can vary from mild to life-threatening, where severe illness is often observed in vulnerable populations like children, older adults, and those with preexisting health conditions. Vaccines have greatly reduced the burden of some of the most common causes of pneumonia, and the use of antimicrobials has greatly improved the survival to this infection. However, pneumonia survivors do not return to their preinfection health trajectories but instead experience an accelerated health decline with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. The mechanisms of this association are not well understood, but a persistent dysregulated inflammatory response post-pneumonia appears to play a central role. It is proposed that the inflammatory response during pneumonia is left unregulated and exacerbates atherosclerotic vascular disease, which ultimately leads to adverse cardiac events such as myocardial infarction. For this reason, there is a need to better understand the inflammatory cross talk between the lungs and the heart during and after pneumonia to develop therapeutics that focus on preventing pneumonia-associated cardiovascular events. This review will provide an overview of the known mechanisms of inflammation triggered during pneumonia and their relevance to the increased cardiovascular risk that follows this infection. We will also discuss opportunities for new clinical approaches leveraging strategies to promote inflammatory resolution pathways as a novel therapeutic target to reduce the risk of cardiac events post-pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron Stotts
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada (C.S., K.J.R).,Centre for Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada (C.S., V.F.C.-M.).,University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada (C.S., K.J.R)
| | - Vicente F Corrales-Medina
- Centre for Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada (C.S., V.F.C.-M.).,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada (V.F.C-M).,Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada (V.F.C.-M)
| | - Katey J Rayner
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada (C.S., K.J.R).,University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada (C.S., K.J.R)
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Schloss JV. Nutritional deficiencies that may predispose to long COVID. Inflammopharmacology 2023; 31:573-583. [PMID: 36920723 PMCID: PMC10015545 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01183-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Multiple nutritional deficiencies (MND) confound studies designed to assess the role of a single nutrient in contributing to the initiation and progression of disease states. Despite the perception of many healthcare practitioners, up to 25% of Americans are deficient in five-or-more essential nutrients. Stress associated with the COVID-19 pandemic further increases the prevalence of deficiency states. Viral infections compete for crucial nutrients with immune cells. Viral replication and proliferation of immunocompetent cells critical to the host response require these essential nutrients, including zinc. Clinical studies have linked levels of more than 22 different dietary components to the likelihood of COVID-19 infection and the severity of the disease. People at higher risk of infection due to MND are also more likely to have long-term sequelae, known as Long COVID.
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Affiliation(s)
- John V Schloss
- Departments of Pharmaceutical Science and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Schools of Pharmacy and Medicine, American University of Health Sciences, 1600 East Hill St., Signal Hill, CA, 90755, USA.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review provides an update on the actions of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and presents the most recent findings from trials in patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) setting including relevant meta-analyses. Many specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) are produced from bioactive omega-3 PUFAs and may explain many of the beneficial effects of omega-3 PUFAs, although other mechanisms of action of omega-3 PUFAs are being uncovered. RECENT FINDINGS SPMs resolve inflammation, promote healing and support antiinfection activities of the immune system. Since publication of the ESPEN guidelines, numerous studies further support the use of omega-3 PUFAs. Recent meta-analyses favor the inclusion of omega-3 PUFAs in nutrition support of patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome or sepsis. Recent trials indicate that omega-3 PUFAs may protect against delirium and liver dysfunction in patients in the ICU, although effects on muscle loss are unclear and require further investigation. Critical illness may alter omega-3 PUFA turnover. There has been significant discussion about the potential for omega-3 PUFAs and SPMs in treatment of coronavirus disease 2019. SUMMARY Evidence for benefits of omega-3 PUFAs in the ICU setting has strengthened through new trials and meta-analyses. Nevertheless, better quality trials are still needed. SPMs may explain many of the benefits of omega-3 PUFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Singer
- Department of General Intensive Care and Institute for Nutrition Research, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Philip C Calder
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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Mechanick JI, Christofides EA, Marchetti AE, Hoddy KK, Joachim J, Hegazi R, Hamdy O. The syndromic triad of COVID-19, type 2 diabetes, and malnutrition. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1122203. [PMID: 36895277 PMCID: PMC9988958 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1122203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic challenges our collective understanding of transmission, prevention, complications, and clinical management of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Risk factors for severe infection, morbidity, and mortality are associated with age, environment, socioeconomic status, comorbidities, and interventional timing. Clinical investigations report an intriguing association of COVID-19 with diabetes mellitus and malnutrition but incompletely describe the triphasic relationship, its mechanistic pathways, and potential therapeutic approaches to address each malady and their underlying metabolic disorders. This narrative review highlights common chronic disease states that interact epidemiologically and mechanistically with the COVID-19 to create a syndromic phenotype-the COVID-Related Cardiometabolic Syndrome-linking cardiometabolic-based chronic disease drivers with pre-, acute, and chronic/post-COVID-19 disease stages. Since the association of nutritional disorders with COVID-19 and cardiometabolic risk factors is well established, a syndromic triad of COVID-19, type 2 diabetes, and malnutrition is hypothesized that can direct, inform, and optimize care. In this review, each of the three edges of this network is uniquely summarized, nutritional therapies discussed, and a structure for early preventive care proposed. Concerted efforts to identify malnutrition in patients with COVID-19 and elevated metabolic risks are needed and can be followed by improved dietary management while simultaneously addressing dysglycemia-based chronic disease and malnutrition-based chronic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey I. Mechanick
- The Wiener Cardiovascular Institute/Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Cardiovascular Health at Mount Sinai Heart, New York, NY, United States
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | | | - Albert E. Marchetti
- Medical Education and Research Alliance (Med-ERA, Inc.), New York, NY, United States
- Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, United States
| | | | - Jim Joachim
- Internal Medicine and Medical Nutrition, San Diego, CA, United States
| | | | - Osama Hamdy
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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de Carvalho JCS, da Silva-Neto PV, Toro DM, Fuzo CA, Nardini V, Pimentel VE, Pérez MM, Fraga-Silva TFC, Oliveira CNS, Degiovani AM, Ostini FM, Feitosa MR, Parra RS, da Rocha JJR, Feres O, Vilar FC, Gaspar GG, Santos IKFM, Fernandes APM, Maruyama SR, Russo EMS, Bonato VLD, Cardoso CRB, Dias-Baruffi M, Faccioli LH, Sorgi CA. The Interplay among Glucocorticoid Therapy, Platelet-Activating Factor and Endocannabinoid Release Influences the Inflammatory Response to COVID-19. Viruses 2023; 15:v15020573. [PMID: 36851787 PMCID: PMC9959303 DOI: 10.3390/v15020573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 is associated with a dysregulated immune response. Currently, several medicines are licensed for the treatment of this disease. Due to their significant role in inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokines and lipid mediators, glucocorticoids (GCs) have attracted a great deal of attention. Similarly, the endocannabinoid (eCB) system regulates various physiological processes including the immunological response. Additionally, during inflammatory and thrombotic processes, phospholipids from cell membranes are cleaved to produce platelet-activating factor (PAF), another lipid mediator. Nonetheless, the effect of GCs on this lipid pathway during COVID-19 therapy is still unknown. This is a cross-sectional study involving COVID-19 patients (n = 200) and healthy controls (n = 35). Target tandem mass spectrometry of plasma lipid mediators demonstrated that COVID-19 severity affected eCBs and PAF synthesis. This increased synthesis of eCB was adversely linked with systemic inflammatory markers IL-6 and sTREM-1 levels and neutrophil counts. The use of GCs altered these lipid pathways by reducing PAF and increasing 2-AG production. Corroborating this, transcriptome analysis of GC-treated patients blood leukocytes showed differential modulation of monoacylglycerol lipase and phospholipase A2 gene expression. Altogether, these findings offer a breakthrough in our understanding of COVID-19 pathophysiology, indicating that GCs may promote additional protective pharmacological effects by influencing the eCB and PAF pathways involved in the disease course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonatan C. S. de Carvalho
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto-FFCLRP, Universidade de São Paulo-USP, Ribeirao Preto 14040-901, SP, Brazil
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto-FCFRP, Universidade de São Paulo-USP, Ribeirao Preto 14040-903, SP, Brazil
| | - Pedro V. da Silva-Neto
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto-FCFRP, Universidade de São Paulo-USP, Ribeirao Preto 14040-903, SP, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Imunologia Básica e Aplicada-PPGIBA, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas-UFAM, Manaus 69080-900, AM, Brazil
| | - Diana M. Toro
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto-FCFRP, Universidade de São Paulo-USP, Ribeirao Preto 14040-903, SP, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Imunologia Básica e Aplicada-PPGIBA, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas-UFAM, Manaus 69080-900, AM, Brazil
| | - Carlos A. Fuzo
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto-FCFRP, Universidade de São Paulo-USP, Ribeirao Preto 14040-903, SP, Brazil
| | - Viviani Nardini
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto-FCFRP, Universidade de São Paulo-USP, Ribeirao Preto 14040-903, SP, Brazil
| | - Vinícius E. Pimentel
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto-FCFRP, Universidade de São Paulo-USP, Ribeirao Preto 14040-903, SP, Brazil
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto-FMRP, Universidade de São Paulo-USP, Ribeirao Preto 14040-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Malena M. Pérez
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto-FCFRP, Universidade de São Paulo-USP, Ribeirao Preto 14040-903, SP, Brazil
| | - Thais F. C. Fraga-Silva
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto-FMRP, Universidade de São Paulo-USP, Ribeirao Preto 14040-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Camilla N. S. Oliveira
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto-FCFRP, Universidade de São Paulo-USP, Ribeirao Preto 14040-903, SP, Brazil
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto-FMRP, Universidade de São Paulo-USP, Ribeirao Preto 14040-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Augusto M. Degiovani
- Hospital Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirao Preto 14085-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Fátima M. Ostini
- Hospital Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirao Preto 14085-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Marley R. Feitosa
- Departamento de Cirurgia e Anatomia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto-FMRP, Universidade de São Paulo-USP, Ribeirao Preto 14048-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Rogerio S. Parra
- Departamento de Cirurgia e Anatomia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto-FMRP, Universidade de São Paulo-USP, Ribeirao Preto 14048-900, SP, Brazil
| | - José J. R. da Rocha
- Departamento de Cirurgia e Anatomia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto-FMRP, Universidade de São Paulo-USP, Ribeirao Preto 14048-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Omar Feres
- Departamento de Cirurgia e Anatomia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto-FMRP, Universidade de São Paulo-USP, Ribeirao Preto 14048-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernando C. Vilar
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto-FMRP, Universidade de São Paulo-USP, Ribeirao Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Gilberto G. Gaspar
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto-FMRP, Universidade de São Paulo-USP, Ribeirao Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Isabel K. F. M. Santos
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto-FMRP, Universidade de São Paulo-USP, Ribeirao Preto 14040-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana P. M. Fernandes
- Departamento de Enfermagem Geral e Especializada, Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto-EERP, Universidade de São Paulo-USP, Ribeirao Preto 14040-902, SP, Brazil
| | - Sandra R. Maruyama
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de São Carlos-UFSCar, Sao Carlos 13565-905, SP, Brazil
| | - Elisa M. S. Russo
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto-FCFRP, Universidade de São Paulo-USP, Ribeirao Preto 14040-903, SP, Brazil
| | - Vânia L. D. Bonato
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto-FMRP, Universidade de São Paulo-USP, Ribeirao Preto 14040-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Cristina R. B. Cardoso
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto-FCFRP, Universidade de São Paulo-USP, Ribeirao Preto 14040-903, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Dias-Baruffi
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto-FCFRP, Universidade de São Paulo-USP, Ribeirao Preto 14040-903, SP, Brazil
| | - Lúcia H. Faccioli
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto-FCFRP, Universidade de São Paulo-USP, Ribeirao Preto 14040-903, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos A. Sorgi
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto-FFCLRP, Universidade de São Paulo-USP, Ribeirao Preto 14040-901, SP, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Imunologia Básica e Aplicada-PPGIBA, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas-UFAM, Manaus 69080-900, AM, Brazil
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto-FMRP, Universidade de São Paulo-USP, Ribeirao Preto 14040-900, SP, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-(16)-3315-9176
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Bagheri A, Soltani S, Asoudeh F, Esmaillzadeh A. Effects of omega-3 supplementation on serum albumin, pre-albumin and the CRP/albumin ratio in hospitalized patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr Rev 2023; 81:237-251. [PMID: 35939371 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuac053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Low serum albumin and pre-albumin concentrations are associated with edema, infection, thrombosis, heart failure, and mortality. OBJECTIVE This comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials was conducted to summarize the available findings on the impact of omega-3 supplementation on albumin, pre-albumin, and the C-reactive protein/albumin ratio in hospitalized patients. DATA SOURCES PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases were searched from January 1990 to October 2021. DATA EXTRACTION Extracted data from 50 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with a total number of 3196 participants were analyzed using the random-effects model. The dose-dependent effect was also evaluated. DATA ANALYSIS Oral omega-3 supplementation significantly increased serum albumin concentrations in patients with cancer (weighted mean difference [WMD]: 0.19; 95% CI: 0.05, 0.33, P= 0.006), patients on dialysis (WMD: 0.14; 95% CI: 0.01, 0.28, P= 0.042), and those with hypoalbuminemia (WMD: 0.38; 95% CI: 0.03, 0.72, P = 0.033); however, there was no significant effect among patients with gastrointestinal or hepatologic diseases. Moreover, each 1000 mg/day increase in oral omega-3 supplementation resulted in elevated serum albumin levels in cancer patients (WMD: 0.15; 95% CI: 0.07, 0.24, P < 0.001). In addition, a favorable effect of oral omega-3 supplementation on pre-albumin levels was observed among patients with cancer (WMD: 33.87; 95% CI: 12.34, 55.39, P = 0.002). A similar significant effect of parenteral omega-3 supplementation on pre-albumin concentrations was seen among those with gastrointestinal and hepatologic diseases as well (WMD: 23.30; 95% CI: 13.58, 33.03, P < 0.001). No significant effect of oral omega-3 supplementation on the CRP/albumin ratio was found. CONCLUSIONS Overall, omega-3 fatty acids supplementation resulted in a favorable change in serum albumin and pre-albumin concentrations in hospitalized patients. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO registration no. CRD42021285704.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Bagheri
- are with the Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,is with the Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sanaz Soltani
- are with the Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Asoudeh
- is with the Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Esmaillzadeh
- are with the Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,is with the Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,is with the Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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41
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Calder PC. Bioactive omega-3 fatty acids are associated with reduced risk and severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Am J Clin Nutr 2023; 117:213-215. [PMID: 36863820 PMCID: PMC9972879 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2022.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Philip C Calder
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; and National Institute for Health and Care Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.
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Harris WS, Tintle NL, Sathyanarayanan SP, Westra J. Association between blood N-3 fatty acid levels and the risk of coronavirus disease 2019 in the UK Biobank. Am J Clin Nutr 2023; 117:357-363. [PMID: 36863828 PMCID: PMC9972865 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2022.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of nutritional status and the risk of contracting and/or experiencing adverse outcomes from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection are unclear. Preliminary studies suggest that higher n-3 PUFA intakes are protective. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to compare the risk of 3 coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outcomes (testing positive for SARS-CoV-2, hospitalization, and death) as a function of the baseline plasma DHA levels. METHODS The DHA levels (% of total fatty acids [FAs]) were measured by nuclear magnetic resonance. The 3 outcomes and relevant covariates were available for 110,584 subjects (hospitalization and death) and for 26,595 ever-tested subjects (positive for SARS-CoV-2) in the UK Biobank prospective cohort study. Outcome data between 1 January, 2020, and 23 March, 2021, were included. The Omega-3 Index (O3I) (RBC EPA + DHA%) values across DHA% quintiles were estimated. The multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were constructed, and linear (per 1 SD) relations with the risk of each outcome were computed as HRs. RESULTS In the fully adjusted models, comparing the fifth to the first DHA% quintiles, the HRs (95% confidence intervals) for testing positive, being hospitalized, and dying with COVID-19 were 0.79 (0.71, 0.89, P < 0.001), 0.74 (0.58, 0.94, P < 0.05), and 1.04 (0.69-1.57, not significant), respectively. On a per 1-SD increase in DHA% basis, the HRs for testing positive, hospitalization, and death, were 0.92 (0.89, 0.96, P < 0.001), 0.89 (0.83, 0.97, P < 0.01), and 0.95 (0.83, 1.09), respectively. The estimated O3I values across DHA quintiles ranged from 3.5% (quintile 1) to 8% (quintile 5). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that nutritional strategies to increase the circulating n-3 PUFA levels, such as increased consumption of oily fish and/or use of n-3 FA supplements, may reduce the risk of adverse COVID-19 outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- William S Harris
- Fatty Acid Research Institute, Sioux Falls, SD, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD, USA.
| | - Nathan L Tintle
- Fatty Acid Research Institute, Sioux Falls, SD, USA; Department of Population Health Nursing Science, College of Nursing, University of Illinois-Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Jason Westra
- Fatty Acid Research Institute, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
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Shrivastava AK, Sahu PK, Cecchi T, Shrestha L, Shah SK, Gupta A, Palikhey A, Joshi B, Gupta PP, Upadhyaya J, Paudel M, Koirala N. An emerging natural antioxidant therapy for COVID‐19 infection patients: Current and future directions. FOOD FRONTIERS 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/fft2.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar Shrivastava
- Department of Pharmacology Universal College of Medical Sciences Bhairahawa Rupandehi Nepal
| | - Prafulla Kumar Sahu
- School of Pharmacy Centurion University of Technology and Management Bhubaneswar Odisha India
| | | | - Laxmi Shrestha
- Department of Pharmacology Universal College of Medical Sciences Bhairahawa Rupandehi Nepal
| | - Sanjay Kumar Shah
- Department of Reproductive MedicineJoint Inter‐national Research Laboratory of Reproduction and DevelopmentChongquing Medical University ChongqingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Anamika Gupta
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Sciences University of Sharjah Sharjah United Arab Emirates
| | - Anjan Palikhey
- Department of Pharmacology Universal College of Medical Sciences Bhairahawa Rupandehi Nepal
| | - Bishal Joshi
- Department of Physiology, Universal College of Medical Sciences Bhairahawa Rupandehi Nepal
| | - Pramodkumar P. Gupta
- School of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics D. Y. Patil Deemed to be University, CBD Belapur Navi Mumbai India
| | - Jitendra Upadhyaya
- Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science Tribhuvan University Chitwan Nepal
| | - Mahendra Paudel
- Department of Agri‐Botany and Ecology Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science Tribhuvan University Mahendranagar Nepal
| | - Niranjan Koirala
- Natural Products Research FacilityGandaki Province Academy of Science and Technology Pokhara, Gandaki Province Nepal
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Erdem D, Segmen F, Uysal E, Kilicarslan G. Effect of omega-3 fatty acid use on sepsis and mortality in patients with Covıd-19. Niger J Clin Pract 2023; 26:102-108. [PMID: 36751831 DOI: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_415_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Background This study aimed to investigate the effects of omega-3 fatty acid use on sepsis and mortality in patients treated for COVİD-19 disease in the intensive care unit (ICU) based on clinical and laboratory results. Aim To determine the effect of omega-3 fatty acid use on sepsis and mortality in patients with COVİD-19. Patients and Methods A total of 80 patients with confirmed COVİD-19 infection who were hospitalized in the ICU of Ankara City Hospital, received (n = 40) or did not receive (n = 40) omega-3 fatty acid dietary supplementation, were included in this single-center, retrospective study. The clinical and laboratory data of eligible patients were extracted from the hospital records. Results The mean age was 65.5 (13.6). The mean length of stay in the intensive care unit was 11.5 (6.3) days. Mortality and sepsis development rates were similar in the groups. The frequency of patients who received pulse steroid therapy was higher in the group of patients who did not receive omega-3 (P < 0.05). Hypertension was more common in the patient group receiving omega-3 supplements (P < 0.05). Mean procalcitonin and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels were significantly lower in patients who received omega-3 supplements compared to those who did not receive supplements (P < 0.001 and P < 0.05). Mean prothrombin time (PT) was shorter in patients receiving omega-3 supplementation (P < 0.05). Conclusions Study results obtained in this study indicate that providing omega-3 fatty acid supplements may be beneficial to patients with severe COVİD-19, however further research with large-scale randomized controlled trials is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Erdem
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, University of Health Sciences, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - F Segmen
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - E Uysal
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - G Kilicarslan
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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Pawelzik SC, Arnardottir H, Sarajlic P, Mahdi A, Vigor C, Zurita J, Zhou B, Kolmert J, Galano JM, Religa D, Durand T, Wheelock CE, Bäck M. Decreased oxidative stress and altered urinary oxylipidome by intravenous omega-3 fatty acid emulsion in a randomized controlled trial of older subjects hospitalized for COVID-19. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 194:308-315. [PMID: 36509313 PMCID: PMC9733960 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Proinflammatory bioactive lipid mediators and oxidative stress are increased in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The randomized controlled single-blind trial COVID-Omega-F showed that intravenous omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) shifted the plasma lipid signature of COVID-19 towards increased proresolving precursor levels and decreased leukotoxin diols, associated with a beneficial immunodulatory response. The present study aimed to determine the effects of n-3 PUFA on the urinary oxylipidome and oxidative stress in COVID-19. From the COVID-Omega-F trial, 20 patients hospitalized for COVID-19 had available serial urinary samples collected at baseline, after 24-48 h, and after completing 5 days treatment with one daily intravenous infusion (2 mL/kg) of either placebo (NaCl; n = 10) or a lipid emulsion containing 10 g of n-3 PUFA per 100 mL (n = 10). Urinary eicosanoids and isoprostanes were analyzed by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Erythrocytes obtained at the different time-points from n = 10 patients (n = 5 placebo and n = 5 n-3 PUFA) were used for determination of reactive oxygen species. Intravenous n-3 PUFA emulsion administration altered eicosanoid metabolites towards decreased levels for mediators of inflammation and thrombosis, and increased levels of the endothelial function mediator prostacyclin. Furthermore, non-enzymatic metabolism was skewed towards n-3 PUFA-derived metabolites with potential anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving effects. The oxidative stress marker 15-F2t-isoprostane was significantly lower in patients receiving n-3 PUFA treatment, who also exhibited significantly decreased erythrocyte oxidative stress compared with placebo-treated patients. These findings point to additional beneficial effects of intravenous n-3 PUFA emulsion treatment through a beneficial oxylipin profile and decreased oxidative stress in COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven-Christian Pawelzik
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Theme Heart, Vessels, and Neuro, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hildur Arnardottir
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Theme Heart, Vessels, and Neuro, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Philip Sarajlic
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Theme Heart, Vessels, and Neuro, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ali Mahdi
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Theme Heart, Vessels, and Neuro, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Claire Vigor
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, IBMM, UMR 5247, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Pôle Recherche Chimie Balard, 34293, Cedex 5, Montpellier, France
| | - Javier Zurita
- Unit of Integrative Metabolomics, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bingqing Zhou
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, IBMM, UMR 5247, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Pôle Recherche Chimie Balard, 34293, Cedex 5, Montpellier, France
| | - Johan Kolmert
- Unit of Integrative Metabolomics, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jean-Marie Galano
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, IBMM, UMR 5247, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Pôle Recherche Chimie Balard, 34293, Cedex 5, Montpellier, France
| | - Dorota Religa
- Department of Neurobiology, Karolinska Institutet and Theme Ageing, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thierry Durand
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, IBMM, UMR 5247, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Pôle Recherche Chimie Balard, 34293, Cedex 5, Montpellier, France
| | - Craig E Wheelock
- Unit of Integrative Metabolomics, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Magnus Bäck
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Theme Heart, Vessels, and Neuro, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Pranjic N, Karabasic A. Dietary Supplementation Practices Among Undergraduate Students in Greece During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Their Association with COVID-19-related Anxiety. Mater Sociomed 2023; 35:140-147. [PMID: 37701341 PMCID: PMC10495141 DOI: 10.5455/msm.2023.35.140-147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Despite the lack of evidence-based guidance on supplement use for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19, consumption of dietary supplements has been shown to increase in many countries. Objective This study aimed to explore the use of dietary supplements among undergraduate students. Methods An online cross-sectional survey was conducted between May and June 2021, involving a total of 536 participants (57.8% female) aged between 18-30 years in two university towns in central and northern Greece. Two validated questionnaires were used regarding dietary supplements and stress during COVID-19. Results The prevalence of dietary supplement use was 67.5%. The three most popular supplements consumed were vitamin C (65.2%), followed by vitamin D (58.3%), and multivitamin and mineral supplements (56.9%). The use of CAS-5 indicated that 13.1% of students were classified as having dysfunctional anxiety due to COVID-19 (CAS-5 score ≥5). Logistic regression analysis showed that those who exhibited CAS-5 ≥5 were over two times more likely to consume supplements compared to no-stress participants (OR 2.29, 95%CI: 1.09-4.82). Particularly vitamin D use was associated with CAS score ≥5 (OR 2.18, 95%CI 1.22-3.89) a finding that was not observed with other types of dietary supplements. Conclusion Women, passive smokers, and those who believe that DS are necessary during the COVID-19 pandemic were also more likely to consume dietary supplements. The use of dietary supplements is widespread among Greek students. Future studies should be conducted to monitor whether these increases in DS use are maintained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurka Pranjic
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine University of Tuzla, Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Almedina Karabasic
- Departmant of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy University of Tuzla, Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina
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Ramic-Catak A, Mesihovic-Dinarevic S, Prnjavorac B, Naser N, Masic I. Public Health Dimensions of CVD Prevention and Control - Global Perspectives and Current Situation in the Federation of BiH. Mater Sociomed 2023; 35:88-93. [PMID: 37701339 PMCID: PMC10495147 DOI: 10.5455/msm.2023.35.88-93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background CVD remains a leading cause of death in Europe and worldwide accounting for 3.9 million deaths each year in Europe alone. Even with well-known risk factors and the current standards of health care, improvement of health and quality of life of CVD patients are still remains one of the biggest public health challenges we must overcome. Objective The aim of this narrative review is to provide a brief overview of the recent and relevant documents of good practice in prevention, diagnostic and therapeutic approaches of Cardiovascular diseases that should be consider as milestones for the health authorities in the Federation of BiH. Cardiovascular diseases stil represent a worldwide public health problem, with some new dimensions caused by challenges caused through pandemic of COVID-19. The wellknown cardiovascular risk factors require new and more efficient public health approaches to the prevention and control. Conclusion Due to the recently developed cardiovascular guidelines that were made by the European Society of Cardiology and World Heart Federation, key priority for health authorities should be is to update the existing CVD guidelines in the Federation of BiH in accordance with the international good practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Ramic-Catak
- Institute for Public Health of the Federation of Bosnia
and Herzegovina
| | - Senka Mesihovic-Dinarevic
- Department of Medical Sciences, Academy of Sciences and
Arts of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | | | - Nabil Naser
- Polyclinic "Nabil" Sarajevo, Sarajevo,
Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Izet Masic
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Sarajevo,
Sarajevo, Bosnia nd Herzegovina
- Academy of Medical Sciences of Bosnia and Herzegovina,
Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
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48
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Kontopoulou L, Vasara E, Paraskevadaki E, Karpetas G, Papathanasiou IV, Gourgoulianis KI. Public Health Dimensions of CVD Prevention and Control - Global Perspectives and Current Situation in the Federation of BiH. Mater Sociomed 2023; 35:152-156. [PMID: 37701339 PMCID: PMC10495152 DOI: 10.5455/msm.2023.35.152-156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background CVD remains a leading cause of death in Europe and worldwide accounting for 3.9 million deaths each year in Europe alone. Even with well-known risk factors and the current standards of health care, improvement of health and quality of life of CVD patients are still remains one of the biggest public health challenges we must overcome. Objective The aim of this narrative review is to provide a brief overview of the recent and relevant documents of good practice in prevention, diagnostic and therapeutic approaches of Cardiovascular diseases that should be consider as milestones for the health authorities in the Federation of BiH. Cardiovascular diseases stil represent a worldwide public health problem, with some new dimensions caused by challenges caused through pandemic of COVID-19. The wellknown cardiovascular risk factors require new and more efficient public health approaches to the prevention and control. Conclusion Due to the recently developed cardiovascular guidelines that were made by the European Society of Cardiology and World Heart Federation, key priority for health authorities should be is to update the existing CVD guidelines in the Federation of BiH in accordance with the international good practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamprini Kontopoulou
- Faculty of Nursing, Respiratory Disorders Lab, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Eleni Vasara
- Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eva Paraskevadaki
- Eva Paraskevadaki, Research and Statistics Consultant, StepUpAdvisor.gr, Greece
| | - Georgios Karpetas
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical Informatics Lab, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | | | - Konstantinos I. Gourgoulianis
- Faculty of Medicine, Pulmonology, University General Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece
- Faculty of Medicine, Pulmonology, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
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49
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Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (n-3 PUFAs) for Immunomodulation in COVID-19 Related Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS). J Clin Med 2022; 12:jcm12010304. [PMID: 36615103 PMCID: PMC9820910 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12010304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), might be complicated by Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) caused by severe lung damage. It is relevant to find treatments for COVID-19-related ARDS. Currently, DHA and EPA n-3 PUFAs, known for their immunomodulatory activities, have been proposed for COVID-19 management, and clinical trials are ongoing. Here, examining COVID-19-related ARDS immunopathology, we reference in vitro and in vivo studies, indicating n-3 PUFA immunomodulation on lung microenvironment (bronchial and alveolar epithelial cells, macrophages, infiltrating immune cells) and ARDS, potentially affecting immune responses in COVID-19-related ARDS. Concerning in vitro studies, evidence exists of the potential anti-inflammatory activity of DHA on airway epithelial cells and monocytes/macrophages; however, it is necessary to analyze n-3 PUFA immunomodulation using viral experimental models relevant to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Then, although pre-clinical investigations in experimental acute lung injury/ARDS revealed beneficial immunomodulation by n-3 PUFAs when extracellular pathogen infections were used as lung inflammatory models, contradictory results were reported using intracellular viral infections. Finally, clinical trials investigating n-3 PUFA immunomodulation in ARDS are limited, with small samples and contradictory results. In conclusion, further in vitro and in vivo investigations are needed to establish whether n-3 PUFAs may have some therapeutic potential in COVID-19-related ARDS.
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50
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Clemente-Suárez VJ, Bustamante-Sanchez Á, Tornero-Aguilera JF, Ruisoto P, Mielgo-Ayuso J. Inflammation in COVID-19 and the Effects of Non-Pharmacological Interventions during the Pandemic: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:15584. [PMID: 36555231 PMCID: PMC9779440 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) caused the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic that hit the health systems worldwide hard, causing a collapse of healthcare systems. One of the main problems of this new virus is the high inflammatory response it provokes, which is the cause of much of the symptoms. Different pharmacological approaches tried to stop the advance of the pandemic, but it seems that only vaccines are the solution. In this line, different nonpharmacological approaches have been made in order to improve symptomatology, contagion, and spread of COVID-19, the principal factors being the physical activity, nutrition, physiotherapy, psychology, and life patterns. The SARS-CoV-2 virus produces a disproportionate inflammatory response in the organism of the guest and causes complications in this that can end the life of the patient. It has been possible to see how different nonpharmacological interventions based on physical activity, nutritional, psychological, and physical therapy, and lifestyle changes can be functional tools to treat this inflammation. Thus, in the present review, we aim to provide an overview of the role of inflammation in COVID-19 and the nonpharmacological interventions related to it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicente Javier Clemente-Suárez
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Tajo Street, s/n, 28670 Madrid, Spain
- Research Center in Applied Combat (CESCA), 45007 Toledo, Spain
| | | | - José Francisco Tornero-Aguilera
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Tajo Street, s/n, 28670 Madrid, Spain
- Research Center in Applied Combat (CESCA), 45007 Toledo, Spain
| | - Pablo Ruisoto
- Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarre, 31006 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Juan Mielgo-Ayuso
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Burgos, 09001 Burgos, Spain
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