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Shen H, Liu K, Kong F, Ren M, Wang X, Wang S. Strategies for measuring concentrations and forms of amyloid-β peptides. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 259:116405. [PMID: 38776801 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is affecting more and more people worldwide without the effective treatment, while the existed pathological mechanism has been confirmed barely useful in the treatment. Amyloid-β peptide (Aβ), a main component of senile plaque, is regarded as the most promising target in AD treatment. Aβ clearance from AD brain seems to be a reliably therapeutic strategy, as the two exited drugs, GV-971 and aducanumab, are both developed based on it. However, doubt still exists. To exhaustive expound on the pathological mechanism of Aβ, rigorous analyses on the concentrations and aggregation forms are essential. Thus, it is attracting broad attention these years. However, most of the sensors have not been used in pathological studies, as the lack of the bridge between analytical chemist and pathologists. In this review, we made a brief introduce on Aβ-related pathological mechanism included in β-amyloid hypothesis to elucidate the detection conditions of sensor methods. Furthermore, a summary of the sensor methods was made, which were based on Aβ concentrations and form detections that have been developed in the past 10 years. As the greatest number of the sensors were built on fluorescent spectroscopy, electrochemistry, and Roman spectroscopy, detailed elucidation on them was made. Notably, the aggregation process is another important factor in revealing the progress of AD and developing the treatment methods, so the sensors on monitoring Aβ aggregation processes were also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangyu Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong, 250353, PR China
| | - Keyin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong, 250353, PR China
| | - Fangong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong, 250353, PR China
| | - Mingguang Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong, 250353, PR China
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong, 250353, PR China; Shandong Haizhibao Ocean Technology Co., Ltd, Weihai, Shandong, 264333, PR China.
| | - Shoujuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong, 250353, PR China.
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Ali J, Choe K, Park JS, Park HY, Kang H, Park TJ, Kim MO. The Interplay of Protein Aggregation, Genetics, and Oxidative Stress in Alzheimer's Disease: Role for Natural Antioxidants and Immunotherapeutics. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:862. [PMID: 39061930 PMCID: PMC11274292 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13070862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that comprises amyloid-beta protein (Aβ) as a main component of neuritic plaques. Its deposition is considered a trigger for AD pathogenesis, progression, and the clinical symptoms of cognitive impairment. Some distinct pathological features of AD include phosphorylation of tau protein, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction. These pathological consequences tend to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS), resulting in the dysregulation of various signaling pathways of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. The relationship between the Aβ cascade and oxidative stress in AD pathogenesis is like a "chicken and egg" story, with the etiology of the disease regarding these two factors remaining a question of "which comes first." However, in this review, we have tried our best to clarify the interconnection between these two mechanisms and to show the precise cause-and-effect relationship. Based on the above hallmarks of AD, several therapeutic strategies using natural antioxidants, monoclonal antibodies, and vaccines are employed as anti-Aβ therapy to decrease ROS, Aβ burden, chronic neuroinflammation, and synaptic failure. These natural antioxidants and immunotherapeutics have demonstrated significant neuroprotective effects and symptomatic relief in various in vitro and in vivo models, as well as in clinical trials for AD. However, none of them have received final approval to enter the drug market for mitigating AD. In this review, we extensively elaborate on the pitfalls, assurances, and important crosstalk between oxidative stress and Aβ concerning current anti-Aβ therapy. Additionally, we discuss future strategies for the development of more Aβ-targeted approaches and the optimization of AD treatment and mitigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jawad Ali
- Division of Life Science and Applied Life Science (BK21 FOUR), College of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (J.A.); (K.C.); (J.S.P.)
| | - Kyonghwan Choe
- Division of Life Science and Applied Life Science (BK21 FOUR), College of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (J.A.); (K.C.); (J.S.P.)
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands;
| | - Jun Sung Park
- Division of Life Science and Applied Life Science (BK21 FOUR), College of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (J.A.); (K.C.); (J.S.P.)
| | - Hyun Young Park
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands;
- Department of Pediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Heeyoung Kang
- Department of Neurology, Gyeongsang National University Hospital & College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea;
| | - Tae Ju Park
- Haemato-Oncology/Systems Medicine Group, Paul O’Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences (MVLS), University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 0ZD, UK
| | - Myeong Ok Kim
- Division of Life Science and Applied Life Science (BK21 FOUR), College of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (J.A.); (K.C.); (J.S.P.)
- Alz-Dementia Korea Co., Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
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3
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Moyer H, Mellett R, Vigneault K, McKeown M, Karlawish J, Augustine E, Schneider L, Kimmelman J. Prevalence and Impact of Bypassing or Overriding Phase 2 Trials in Neurologic Drug Development. Neurology 2024; 103:e209533. [PMID: 38833654 PMCID: PMC11226307 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000209533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Pivotal trials for neurologic drugs in clinical development are often initiated without a phase 2 trial ("bypass") or despite a negative phase 2 efficacy result ("override"). Such practices may degrade the risk/benefit ratio of phase 3 trials. The aim of this study is to estimate the proportion of phase 3 trials for 10 neurologic diseases started without a positive phase 2 trial, to identify factors associated with this practice, and to investigate any association with unfavorable phase 3 trial outcomes. METHODS We searched ClinicalTrials.gov for phase 3 trials completed during 2011-2021, with at least 1 research site in the United States, Canada, the European Union, the United Kingdom, or Australia, and investigating drugs or biologics for treatment of 10 neurologic conditions. Our primary objective was to assess the prevalence of phase 2 bypass/override by searching for preceding phase 2 trials. We used Fisher exact tests to determine whether phase 3 trial characteristics and trial results were associated with phase 2 bypass/override. RESULTS Of the 1,188 phase 3 trials captured in our search, 113 met eligibility for inclusion. Of these, 46% were not preceded by a phase 2 trial that was positive on an efficacy endpoint (31% bypassed and 15% overrode phase 2 trial). Phase 2 bypass/override was not associated with industry funding (77% vs 89%, 95% CI 0.75-7.55, p = 0.13) or testing already approved interventions (23% vs 15%, 95% CI 0.60-5.14, p = 0.33). Overall, phase 3 trials based on phase 2 bypassed/override were statistically significantly less likely to be positive on their primary outcome (31% vs 57%, respectively, 95% CI 1.21-6.92, p = 0.01). This effect disappeared when indications characterized by nearly universal positive or negative results were excluded. Trials that bypassed/overrode phase 2 trials were not statistically significantly more likely to be terminated early because of safety or futility (29% vs 15%, respectively, 95% CI 0.15-1.18, p = 0.11) and did not show increased risk of adverse events in experimental arms (RR = 1.46, 95% CI 1.19-1.79, vs RR = 1.36, 95% CI 1.10-1.69, respectively, p = 0.65). DISCUSSION Almost half of the neurologic disease phase 3 trials were initiated without the support of a positive phase 2 trial. Although our analysis does not establish harm with bypass/override, its prevalence and the scientific rationale for phase 2 trial testing favor development of criteria defining when phase 2 bypass/override is justified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Moyer
- From the Department of Equity, Ethics and Policy (H.M., R.M., K.V., M.M., J. Kimmelman), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Penn Memory Center (J. Karlawish), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Clinical Trials Unit (E.A.), Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD; Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Neurology, Keck School of Medicine (L.S.), and L. Davis School of Gerontology (L.S.), University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Robyn Mellett
- From the Department of Equity, Ethics and Policy (H.M., R.M., K.V., M.M., J. Kimmelman), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Penn Memory Center (J. Karlawish), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Clinical Trials Unit (E.A.), Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD; Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Neurology, Keck School of Medicine (L.S.), and L. Davis School of Gerontology (L.S.), University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Karine Vigneault
- From the Department of Equity, Ethics and Policy (H.M., R.M., K.V., M.M., J. Kimmelman), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Penn Memory Center (J. Karlawish), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Clinical Trials Unit (E.A.), Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD; Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Neurology, Keck School of Medicine (L.S.), and L. Davis School of Gerontology (L.S.), University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Maya McKeown
- From the Department of Equity, Ethics and Policy (H.M., R.M., K.V., M.M., J. Kimmelman), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Penn Memory Center (J. Karlawish), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Clinical Trials Unit (E.A.), Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD; Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Neurology, Keck School of Medicine (L.S.), and L. Davis School of Gerontology (L.S.), University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Jason Karlawish
- From the Department of Equity, Ethics and Policy (H.M., R.M., K.V., M.M., J. Kimmelman), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Penn Memory Center (J. Karlawish), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Clinical Trials Unit (E.A.), Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD; Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Neurology, Keck School of Medicine (L.S.), and L. Davis School of Gerontology (L.S.), University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Erika Augustine
- From the Department of Equity, Ethics and Policy (H.M., R.M., K.V., M.M., J. Kimmelman), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Penn Memory Center (J. Karlawish), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Clinical Trials Unit (E.A.), Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD; Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Neurology, Keck School of Medicine (L.S.), and L. Davis School of Gerontology (L.S.), University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Lon Schneider
- From the Department of Equity, Ethics and Policy (H.M., R.M., K.V., M.M., J. Kimmelman), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Penn Memory Center (J. Karlawish), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Clinical Trials Unit (E.A.), Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD; Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Neurology, Keck School of Medicine (L.S.), and L. Davis School of Gerontology (L.S.), University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Jonathan Kimmelman
- From the Department of Equity, Ethics and Policy (H.M., R.M., K.V., M.M., J. Kimmelman), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Penn Memory Center (J. Karlawish), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Clinical Trials Unit (E.A.), Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD; Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Neurology, Keck School of Medicine (L.S.), and L. Davis School of Gerontology (L.S.), University of Southern California, Los Angeles
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Hudgins AD, Zhou S, Arey RN, Rosenfeld MG, Murphy CT, Suh Y. A systems biology-based identification and in vivo functional screening of Alzheimer's disease risk genes reveal modulators of memory function. Neuron 2024; 112:2112-2129.e4. [PMID: 38692279 PMCID: PMC11223975 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2024.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have uncovered over 75 genomic loci associated with risk for late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD), but identification of the underlying causal genes remains challenging. Studies of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived neurons from LOAD patients have demonstrated the existence of neuronal cell-intrinsic functional defects. Here, we searched for genetic contributions to neuronal dysfunction in LOAD using an integrative systems approach that incorporated multi-evidence-based gene mapping and network-analysis-based prioritization. A systematic perturbation screening of candidate risk genes in Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) revealed that neuronal knockdown of the LOAD risk gene orthologs vha-10 (ATP6V1G2), cmd-1 (CALM3), amph-1 (BIN1), ephx-1 (NGEF), and pho-5 (ACP2) alters short-/intermediate-term memory function, the cognitive domain affected earliest during LOAD progression. These results highlight the impact of LOAD risk genes on evolutionarily conserved memory function, as mediated through neuronal endosomal dysfunction, and identify new targets for further mechanistic interrogation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam D Hudgins
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shiyi Zhou
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Rachel N Arey
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Michael G Rosenfeld
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, CA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Coleen T Murphy
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA; LSI Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.
| | - Yousin Suh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
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5
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Yin X, Zhou H, Cao T, Yang X, Meng F, Dai X, Wang Y, Li S, Zhai W, Yang Z, Chen N, Zhou R. Rational Design of Dual-Functionalized Gd@C 82 Nanoparticles to Relieve Neuronal Cytotoxicity in Alzheimer's Disease via Inhibition of Aβ Aggregation. ACS NANO 2024; 18:15416-15431. [PMID: 38840269 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c08823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
The accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides is a major hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and plays a crucial role in its pathogenesis. Particularly, the structured oligomeric species rich in β-sheet formations were implicated in neuronal organelle damage. Addressing this formidable challenge requires identifying candidates capable of inhibiting peptide aggregation or disaggregating preformed oligomers for effective antiaggregation-based AD therapy. Here, we present a dual-functional nanoinhibitor meticulously designed to target the aggregation driving force and amyloid fibril spatial structure. Leveraging the exceptional structural stability and facile tailoring capability of endohedral metallofullerene Gd@C82, we introduce desired hydrogen-binding sites and charged groups, which are abundant on its surface for specific designs. Impressively, these designs endow the resultant functionalized-Gd@C82 nanoparticles (f-Gd@C82 NPs) with high capability of redirecting peptide self-assembly toward disordered, off-pathway species, obstructing the early growth of protofibrils, and disaggregating the preformed well-ordered protofibrils or even mature Aβ fibrils. This results in considerable alleviation of Aβ peptide-induced neuronal cytotoxicity, rescuing neuronal death and synaptic loss in primary neuron models. Notably, these modifications significantly improved the dispersibility of f-Gd@C82 NPs, thus substantially enhancing its bioavailability. Moreover, f-Gd@C82 NPs demonstrate excellent cytocompatibility with various cell lines and possess the ability to penetrate the blood-brain barrier in mice. Large-scale molecular dynamics simulations illuminate the inhibition and disaggregation mechanisms. Our design successfully overcomes the limitations of other nanocandidates, which often overly rely on hydrophobic interactions or photothermal conversion properties, and offers a viable direction for developing anti-AD agents through the inhibition and even reversal of Aβ aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuhua Yin
- Institute of Quantitative Biology, Shanghai Institute for Advanced Study, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Institute of Quantitative Biology, Shanghai Institute for Advanced Study, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Tiantian Cao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
- Suzhou Institute of Trade and Commerce, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Xiner Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Fei Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xing Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yifan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Sijie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Wangsong Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Zaixing Yang
- Institute of Quantitative Biology, Shanghai Institute for Advanced Study, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Ning Chen
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Ruhong Zhou
- Institute of Quantitative Biology, Shanghai Institute for Advanced Study, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
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Carraro C, Montgomery JV, Klimmt J, Paquet D, Schultze JL, Beyer MD. Tackling neurodegeneration in vitro with omics: a path towards new targets and drugs. Front Mol Neurosci 2024; 17:1414886. [PMID: 38952421 PMCID: PMC11215216 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2024.1414886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Drug discovery is a generally inefficient and capital-intensive process. For neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs), the development of novel therapeutics is particularly urgent considering the long list of late-stage drug candidate failures. Although our knowledge on the pathogenic mechanisms driving neurodegeneration is growing, additional efforts are required to achieve a better and ultimately complete understanding of the pathophysiological underpinnings of NDDs. Beyond the etiology of NDDs being heterogeneous and multifactorial, this process is further complicated by the fact that current experimental models only partially recapitulate the major phenotypes observed in humans. In such a scenario, multi-omic approaches have the potential to accelerate the identification of new or repurposed drugs against a multitude of the underlying mechanisms driving NDDs. One major advantage for the implementation of multi-omic approaches in the drug discovery process is that these overarching tools are able to disentangle disease states and model perturbations through the comprehensive characterization of distinct molecular layers (i.e., genome, transcriptome, proteome) up to a single-cell resolution. Because of recent advances increasing their affordability and scalability, the use of omics technologies to drive drug discovery is nascent, but rapidly expanding in the neuroscience field. Combined with increasingly advanced in vitro models, which particularly benefited from the introduction of human iPSCs, multi-omics are shaping a new paradigm in drug discovery for NDDs, from disease characterization to therapeutics prediction and experimental screening. In this review, we discuss examples, main advantages and open challenges in the use of multi-omic approaches for the in vitro discovery of targets and therapies against NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Carraro
- Systems Medicine, Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen e.V. (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jessica V. Montgomery
- Systems Medicine, Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen e.V. (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Julien Klimmt
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Dominik Paquet
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Joachim L. Schultze
- Systems Medicine, Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen e.V. (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- PRECISE, Platform for Single Cell Genomics and Epigenomics at the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and the University of Bonn and West German Genome Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - Marc D. Beyer
- Systems Medicine, Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen e.V. (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- PRECISE, Platform for Single Cell Genomics and Epigenomics at the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and the University of Bonn and West German Genome Center, Bonn, Germany
- Immunogenomics & Neurodegeneration, Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen e.V. (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
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Ben Ayed I, Ammar A, Aouichaoui C, Mezghani N, Salem A, Naija S, Ben Amor S, Trabelsi K, Jahrami H, Trabelsi Y, El Massioui F. Does acute aerobic exercise enhance selective attention, working memory, and problem-solving abilities in Alzheimer's patients? A sex-based comparative study. Front Sports Act Living 2024; 6:1383119. [PMID: 38903391 PMCID: PMC11187274 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2024.1383119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of acute aerobic exercise on certain cognitive functions known to be affected by Alzheimer's disease (AD), with a particular emphasis on sex differences. Methods A total of 53 patients, with a mean age of 70.54 ± 0.88 years and moderate AD, voluntarily participated in the study. Participants were randomly assigned to two groups: the experimental group (EG), which participated in a 20-min moderate-intensity cycling session (60% of the individual maximum target heart rate recorded at the end of the 6-min walk test); and the control group (CG), which participated in a 20-min reading activity. Cognitive abilities were assessed before and after the physical exercise or reading session using the Stroop test for selective attention, the forward and backward digit span test for working memory, and the Tower of Hanoi task for problem-solving abilities. Results At baseline, both groups had comparable cognitive performance (p > 0.05 in all tests). Regardless of sex, aerobic acute exercise improved attention in the Stroop test (p < 0.001), enhanced memory performance in both forward (p < 0.001) and backward (p < 0.001) conditions, and reduced the time required to solve the problem in the Tower of Hanoi task (p < 0.001). No significant differences were observed in the number of movements. In contrast, the CG did not significantly improve after the reading session for any of the cognitive tasks (p > 0.05). Consequently, the EG recorded greater performance improvements than the CG in most cognitive tasks tested (p < 0.0001) after the intervention session. Discussion These findings demonstrate that, irrespective to sex, a single aerobic exercise session on an ergocycle can improve cognitive function in patients with moderate AD. The results suggest that acute aerobic exercise enhances cognitive function similarly in both female and male patients, indicating promising directions for inclusive therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Ben Ayed
- Research Laboratory, Exercise Physiology and Physiopathology: from Integrated to Molecular “Biology, Medicine and Health”, LR19ES09, Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, Sousse University, Sousse, Tunisia
- Laboratory of Human and Artificial Cognition (EA 4004), Psychology UFR, University of Vincennes/Saint-Denis, Saint-Denis, France
- Research Laboratory, Education, Motricity, Sport and Health (EM2S), LR15JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Achraf Ammar
- Department of Training and Movement Science, Institute of Sport Science, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Research Laboratory, Molecular Bases of Human Pathology, LR19ES13, Faculty of Medicine of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Chirine Aouichaoui
- Research Laboratory, Exercise Physiology and Physiopathology: from Integrated to Molecular “Biology, Medicine and Health”, LR19ES09, Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, Sousse University, Sousse, Tunisia
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar Saïd, University of Manouba, Cité Nasr, Tunisia
| | - Nourhen Mezghani
- Department of Sport Sciences, College of Education, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Atef Salem
- Department of Training and Movement Science, Institute of Sport Science, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Salma Naija
- Neurology Department, University Hospital Sahloul Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Sana Ben Amor
- Neurology Department, University Hospital Sahloul Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Khaled Trabelsi
- Research Laboratory, Education, Motricity, Sport and Health (EM2S), LR15JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Haitham Jahrami
- College of Medicine and Medical Science, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
| | - Yassine Trabelsi
- Research Laboratory, Exercise Physiology and Physiopathology: from Integrated to Molecular “Biology, Medicine and Health”, LR19ES09, Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, Sousse University, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Farid El Massioui
- Laboratory of Human and Artificial Cognition (EA 4004), Psychology UFR, University of Vincennes/Saint-Denis, Saint-Denis, France
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8
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Niazi SK, Magoola M, Mariam Z. Innovative Therapeutic Strategies in Alzheimer's Disease: A Synergistic Approach to Neurodegenerative Disorders. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:741. [PMID: 38931409 PMCID: PMC11206655 DOI: 10.3390/ph17060741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains a significant challenge in the field of neurodegenerative disorders, even nearly a century after its discovery, due to the elusive nature of its causes. The development of drugs that target multiple aspects of the disease has emerged as a promising strategy to address the complexities of AD and related conditions. The immune system's role, particularly in AD, has gained considerable interest, with nanobodies representing a new frontier in biomedical research. Advances in targeting antibodies against amyloid-β (Aβ) and using messenger RNA for genetic translation have revolutionized the production of antibodies and drug development, opening new possibilities for treatment. Despite these advancements, conventional therapies for AD, such as Cognex, Exelon, Razadyne, and Aricept, often have limited long-term effectiveness, underscoring the need for innovative solutions. This necessity has led to the incorporation advanced technologies like artificial intelligence and machine learning into the drug discovery process for neurodegenerative diseases. These technologies help identify therapeutic targets and optimize lead compounds, offering a more effective approach to addressing the challenges of AD and similar conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zamara Mariam
- Centre for Health and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry CV1 5FB, UK
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Ahmed A, Khan AU, Nadeem H, Imran M, Irshad N. Pharmacological evaluation of newly synthesized benzimidazole derivative for anti-Alzheimer potential. Int J Neurosci 2024; 134:635-651. [PMID: 36259511 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2022.2138382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Backgound: Alzheimer disease (AD) is a disastrous disease characterized by accretion of amyloid-beta plaques, neurofibrillary tangles inducing oxidative stress, loss of neuronal functions and continuous progression of cognitive impairment leading to severe dementia. Material and Methods: The newly synthesized benzimidazole derivative 4-chloro-3-(2-phenyl-1H-benzimidazole-1-sulfonyl) benzoic acid (CB) was evaluated for its anti-Alzheimer activity using in silico, in vivo, in vitro and molecular techniques (ELISA, WB & IHC). Results: In-silico studies revealed that CB has atomic contact energy values of -3.9 to -8.9 kcal/mol against selected targets. In vitro assay showed that CB caused acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl inhibition. In-vivo findings revealed improvement in dementia as observed in the morris water maze test and Ymaze test. Amyloid-beta disaggregation, increased level of anti-oxidants, decreased expressions of inflammatory markers and enhanced cellular architecture were found in the cortex and hippocampus of treated rats in the histopathological examination, immunohistochemistry analysis, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and western blot analysis. Conclusions: This study revealed that CB possess different binding affinities with the Alzheimer-related targets and it possess anti-Alzheimer activity, mediated via AChE and amyloid-beta inhibition, anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleeza Ahmed
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Arif-Ullah Khan
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Humaira Nadeem
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Iqra Department Of Pharmacy, Iqra University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Nadeem Irshad
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Garcia RI, Khemka S, Roghani AK, Reddy RP, Pattoor V, Jacob M, Reddy A, Sehar U, Reddy PH. Caring for Individuals with Alzheimer's Disease: A Spotlight on Hispanic Caregivers. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2024; 8:877-902. [PMID: 38910940 PMCID: PMC11191631 DOI: 10.3233/adr-240035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
A caregiver is a constantly evolving role that an individual most likely undertakes at some point in their lifetime. With discoveries and research in increasing life expectancy, the prevalence of neurological-related diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and dementia, is certainly likely to require more caregivers. The demand for AD caregivers is escalating as the prevalence of the disease continues to rise. The projected rise in AD within the Hispanic population in the United States over the next few decades is expected to be the most significant among all ethnic groups. The Hispanic population faces unique dementia risks due to cultural factors like language barriers, lower education, and limited healthcare access. Higher rates of conditions such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease further elevate dementia risk. Family dynamics and caregiving responsibilities also differ, affecting dementia management within Hispanic households. Addressing these distinct challenges requires culturally sensitive approaches to diagnosis, treatment, and support for Hispanic individuals and their family's facing dementia. With AD and other dementia becoming more prevalent, this article will attempt to expand upon the status of caregivers concerning their economic, health, and cultural statuses. We will attempt to focus on the Hispanic caregivers that live in Texas and more specifically, West Texas due to the lack of current literature that applies to this area of Texas. Lastly, we discuss the ramifications of a multitude of factors that affect caregivers in Texas and attempt to provide tools that can be readily available for Hispanics and others alike.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Isaiah Garcia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Sachi Khemka
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Aryan Kia Roghani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
- Frenship High School, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Ruhananhad P. Reddy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
- Lubbock High School, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Vasanthkumar Pattoor
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
- University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Michael Jacob
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
- Department of Biology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Aananya Reddy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
- Lubbock High School, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Ujala Sehar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - P. Hemachandra Reddy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
- Nutritional Sciences Department, College of Human Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
- Public Health Department of Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
- Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Services, School Health Professions, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
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11
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Honig LS, Sabbagh MN, van Dyck CH, Sperling RA, Hersch S, Matta A, Giorgi L, Gee M, Kanekiyo M, Li D, Purcell D, Dhadda S, Irizarry M, Kramer L. Updated safety results from phase 3 lecanemab study in early Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Res Ther 2024; 16:105. [PMID: 38730496 PMCID: PMC11084061 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-024-01441-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer disease (AD) is a major health problem of aging, with tremendous burden on healthcare systems, patients, and families globally. Lecanemab, an FDA-approved amyloid beta (Aβ)-directed antibody indicated for the treatment of early AD, binds with high affinity to soluble Aβ protofibrils, which have been shown to be more toxic to neurons than monomers or insoluble fibrils. Lecanemab has been shown to be well tolerated in multiple clinical trials, although risks include an increased rate of amyloid-related imaging abnormalities (ARIA) and infusion reactions relative to placebo. METHODS Clarity AD was an 18-month treatment (Core study), multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study with open-label extension (OLE) in participants with early AD. Eligible participants were randomized 1:1 across 2 treatment groups (placebo and lecanemab 10 mg/kg biweekly). Safety evaluations included monitoring of vital signs, physical examinations, adverse events, clinical laboratory parameters, and 12-lead electrocardiograms. ARIA occurrence was monitored throughout the study by magnetic resonance imaging, read both locally and centrally. RESULTS Overall, 1795 participants from Core and 1612 participants with at least one dose of lecanemab (Core + OLE) were included. Lecanemab was generally well-tolerated in Clarity AD, with no deaths related to lecanemab in the Core study. There were 9 deaths during the OLE, with 4 deemed possibly related to study treatment. Of the 24 deaths in Core + OLE, 3 were due to intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH): 1 placebo in the Core due to ICH, and 2 lecanemab in OLE with concurrent ICH (1 on tissue plasminogen activator and 1 on anticoagulant therapy). In the Core + OLE, the most common adverse events in the lecanemab group (> 10%) were infusion-related reactions (24.5%), ARIA with hemosiderin deposits (ARIA-H) microhemorrhages (16.0%), COVID-19 (14.7%), ARIA with edema (ARIA-E; 13.6%), and headache (10.3%). ARIA-E and ARIA-H were largely radiographically mild-to-moderate. ARIA-E generally occurred within 3-6 months of treatment, was more common in ApoE e4 carriers (16.8%) and most common in ApoE ε4 homozygous participants (34.5%). CONCLUSIONS Lecanemab was generally well-tolerated, with the most common adverse events being infusion-related reactions, ARIA-H, ARIA-E. Clinicians, participants, and caregivers should understand the incidence, monitoring, and management of these events for optimal patient care. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov numbers: Clarity AD NCT03887455).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence S Honig
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, NYS Center of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease, Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center (PH19), & Department of Neurology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, 630 West 168th Street (P&S UNIT 16), New York, NY, 10032-3795, USA.
| | | | | | - Reisa A Sperling
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Akram AS, Grezenko H, Singh P, Ahmed M, Hassan BD, Hagenahalli Anand V, Elashry AA, Nazir F, Khan R. Advancing the Frontier: Neuroimaging Techniques in the Early Detection and Management of Neurodegenerative Diseases. Cureus 2024; 16:e61335. [PMID: 38947709 PMCID: PMC11213966 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.61335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases are among the most prevalent neurodegenerative conditions affecting aging populations globally, presenting significant challenges in early diagnosis and management. This narrative review explores the pivotal role of advanced neuroimaging techniques in detecting and managing these diseases at early stages, potentially slowing their progression through timely interventions. Recent advancements in MRI, such as ultra-high-field systems and functional MRI, have enhanced the sensitivity for detecting subtle structural and functional changes. Additionally, the development of novel amyloid-beta tracers and other emerging modalities like optical imaging and transcranial ultrasonography have improved the diagnostic accuracy and capability of existing methods. This review highlights the clinical applications of these technologies in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, where they have shown improved diagnostic performance, enabling earlier intervention and better prognostic outcomes. Moreover, the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and longitudinal research is emerging as a promising enhancement to refine early detection strategies further. However, this review also addresses the technical, ethical, and accessibility challenges in the field, advocating for the more extensive use of advanced imaging technologies to overcome these barriers. Finally, we emphasize the need for a holistic approach that incorporates both neurological and psychiatric perspectives, which is crucial for optimizing patient care and outcomes in the management of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed S Akram
- Psychiatry, Faisalabad Medical University, Faisalabad, PAK
| | - Han Grezenko
- Medicine and Surgery, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, CHN
- Translational Neuroscience, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, USA
| | - Prem Singh
- Neurology, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, PAK
| | - Muhammad Ahmed
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, PAK
| | | | | | | | - Faran Nazir
- Internal Medicine, Faisalabad Medical University, Faisalabad, PAK
| | - Rehman Khan
- Internal Medicine, Mayo Hospital, Lahore, PAK
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Cerutti L, Brofiga M. Unraveling brain diseases: The promise of brain-on-a-chip models. J Neurosci Methods 2024; 405:110105. [PMID: 38460796 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2024.110105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Brain disorders, encompassing a wide spectrum of neurological and psychiatric conditions, present a formidable challenge in modern medicine. Despite decades of research, the intricate complexity of the human brain still eludes comprehensive understanding, impeding the development of effective treatments. Recent advancements in microfluidics and tissue engineering have led to the development of innovative platforms known as "Brain-on-a-Chip" (BoC) i.e., advanced in vitro systems that aim to replicate the microenvironment of the brain with the highest possible fidelity. This technology offers a promising test-bed for studying brain disorders at the cellular and network levels, providing insights into disease mechanisms, drug screening, and, in perspective, the development of personalized therapeutic strategies. In this review, we provide an overview of the BoC models developed over the years to model and understand the onset and progression of some of the most severe neurological disorders in terms of incidence and debilitation (stroke, Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, and epilepsy). We also report some of the cutting-edge therapeutic approaches whose effects were evaluated by means of these technologies. Finally, we discuss potential challenges, and future perspectives of the BoC models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letizia Cerutti
- Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics, and Systems Engineering (DIBIRS), University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Martina Brofiga
- Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics, and Systems Engineering (DIBIRS), University of Genova, Genova, Italy; ScreenNeuroPharm s.r.l, Sanremo, Italy; Neurofacility, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy.
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Vints WAJ, Gökçe E, Šeikinaitė J, Kušleikienė S, Česnaitienė VJ, Verbunt J, Levin O, Masiulis N. Resistance training's impact on blood biomarkers and cognitive function in older adults with low and high risk of mild cognitive impairment: a randomized controlled trial. Eur Rev Aging Phys Act 2024; 21:9. [PMID: 38600451 PMCID: PMC11005144 DOI: 10.1186/s11556-024-00344-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aging brain exhibits a neuroinflammatory state, driven partly by peripheral pro-inflammatory stimuli, that accelerates cognitive deterioration. A growing body of evidence clearly indicates that physical exercise partly alleviates neuroinflammation and positively affects the aging process and cognition. In this randomized controlled trial, we aimed to observe the effect of 12 weeks of resistance training (RT) on peripheral biomarker levels, cognitive function changes and their interrelationship, and explore differences in those exercise-induced changes in older adults with high risk of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) compared to older adults with low risk of MCI. METHODS Fifty-two participants (aged 60-85 years old, 28 female) were randomly allocated to a 12 week lower limb RT program consisting of two training sessions per week or waiting list control group. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) was used to stratify participants screened as high (< 26/30) or low risk (≥ 26/30) of MCI. We assessed serum Interleukin 6 (IL-6), Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1), and Kynurenine (KYN) levels. Cognitive measurement consisted of and four subtests of Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics (ANAM), the two-choice reaction time, go/no-go, mathematical processing, and memory search test. RESULTS Twelve weeks of RT improved Go/No-go test results in older adults with high MCI risk. RT did not significantly affect blood biomarkers. However, IGF-1 level increases were associated with improvements in response time on the mathematical processing test in the exercise group, and IL-6 level increases were associated with improvements in response time on the memory search test in the total group of participants. Finally, KYN levels significantly differed between older adults with low and high MCI risk but no significant associations with performance were found. CONCLUSION Our study results suggest a different effect of RT on inhibitory control between older adults with low compared to high MCI risk. IGF-1 may play a role in the mechanism behind the cognitive benefit of RT and KYN may be a surrogate biomarker for neurodegeneration and cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wouter A J Vints
- Department of Health Promotion and Rehabilitation, Lithuanian Sports University, Sporto Str. 6, 44221, Kaunas, Lithuania.
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Research School CAPHRI, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
- Centre of Expertise in Rehabilitation and Audiology, Adelante Zorggroep, Hoensbroek, The Netherlands.
| | - Evrim Gökçe
- Sports Rehabilitation Laboratory, Ankara City Hospital, 06800, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Julija Šeikinaitė
- Department of Rehabilitation, Physical and Sports Medicine, Institute of Health Science, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Simona Kušleikienė
- Department of Health Promotion and Rehabilitation, Lithuanian Sports University, Sporto Str. 6, 44221, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Vida J Česnaitienė
- Department of Health Promotion and Rehabilitation, Lithuanian Sports University, Sporto Str. 6, 44221, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Jeanine Verbunt
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Research School CAPHRI, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Centre of Expertise in Rehabilitation and Audiology, Adelante Zorggroep, Hoensbroek, The Netherlands
| | - Oron Levin
- Department of Health Promotion and Rehabilitation, Lithuanian Sports University, Sporto Str. 6, 44221, Kaunas, Lithuania
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, Group Biomedical Sciences, Biomedical MRI Unit, Catholic University Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nerijus Masiulis
- Department of Health Promotion and Rehabilitation, Lithuanian Sports University, Sporto Str. 6, 44221, Kaunas, Lithuania
- Department of Rehabilitation, Physical and Sports Medicine, Institute of Health Science, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
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Roeser J, Bayliss N, Blom M, Croney R, Lanman L, Laks J, Lyons M, Proulx L, Tsatali M, Westerlund K, Georges J. Insights and recommendations for working collaboratively and improving care in Alzheimer's disease: Learnings from the Finding Alzheimer's Solutions Together (F.A.S.T.) Council. Health Expect 2024; 27:e14040. [PMID: 38629481 PMCID: PMC11022292 DOI: 10.1111/hex.14040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Collaborations between patient organisations (POs) and the pharmaceutical industry can help identify and address the unmet needs of people living with a disease. In Alzheimer's disease (AD), the scale and complexity of the current unmet needs call for a broad and cross-sectoral collaboration, including people living with Alzheimer's (PLWA), their care partners and the wider research community. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to describe learnings from the Finding Alzheimer's Solutions Together (F.A.S.T.) Council, a collaboration between POs and Roche, convened to better understand the unmet needs of PLWA and their care partners. RESULTS 1. Learnings from the collaboration, including clarifying objectives and members' expectations upfront, and establishing a set of guiding values and engagement principles. 2. Insights and recommendations for improving care in AD, including a wide range of unmet needs and potential solutions, systematically captured throughout the PLWA journey. These have resulted in several published reports and other outcomes, including (1) 'Portraits of care', highlighting the role of care partners, and the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 on care; (2) Clinical trial guidebook, recommending how PLWA and care partner experience can be incorporated into trial design; (3) 'Commitments Catalogue', highlighting progress by governmental organisations in achieving their commitments; and (4) a report to guide policy on improving diversity, equity and inclusion in clinical trials. CONCLUSIONS Close collaboration between POs and the pharmaceutical industry in AD can enable effective research, in which PLWA and care partners are engaged as 'experts through experience' to help identify key unmet needs and co-create solutions with the wider AD research community. This paper and the work undertaken by the F.A.S.T. Council may act as a blueprint for meaningful collaboration between POs and the pharmaceutical industry. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION The paper reports the collaboration between POs, the F.A.S.T. Council and Roche to progress towards a future in which PLWA can live fulfilling lives with their disease managed well. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION Not applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marco Blom
- Alzheimer NetherlandsAmersfoortThe Netherlands
| | | | | | - Jerson Laks
- Federação Brasileira das Associações de AlzheimerRio de JaneiroBrazil
| | | | - Lea Proulx
- Roche Innovation CenterF. Hoffmann‐La Roche LtdBaselSwitzerland
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Grewal A, Sheokand D, Chauhan R, Saini V, Kumar A. Insights into amyloid precursor protein target through PPI network analysis. Bioinformation 2024; 20:140-145. [PMID: 38497073 PMCID: PMC10941771 DOI: 10.6026/973206300200140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia worldwide with therapeutic lacunae till date. The beta-amyloid (Aβ) accumulation triggers AD pathogenesis, though clinical trials lowering Aβ have not altered disease outcomes suggesting other interacting factors to be identified for drug design of AD. Therefore, it is of interest to identify potential hub proteins interlinked with disease-driving pathways using a network-based approach for AD therapeutic designing. Literature mining was done to identify proteins implicated in AD etiology. Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) were retrieved from the STRING database and merged into a single network using Cytoscape 3.10.1. The hub proteins involved in AD etiology were predicted based on the topological algorithms of CytoHubba. Six major proteins, with STRING database identifiers - APP, BACE1, PSEN1, MAPT, APOE4 and TREM2, were identified to be involved in AD pathogenesis. The merged network of PPIs of these proteins contained 51 nodes and 211 edges, as predicted by Analyzer module of Cytoscape. The Amyloid precursor protein (APP) emerged as the highest-scoring hub protein across multiple centrality measures and topological algorithms. Thus, current data provides evidence to support the ongoing investigation of APP's multifaceted functions and therapeutic potential for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annu Grewal
- Toxicology and Computational Biology Group, Centre for Bioinformatics, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India, 124001
| | - Deepak Sheokand
- Toxicology and Computational Biology Group, Centre for Bioinformatics, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India, 124001
| | - Raveena Chauhan
- Toxicology and Computational Biology Group, Centre for Bioinformatics, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India, 124001
| | - Vandana Saini
- Toxicology and Computational Biology Group, Centre for Bioinformatics, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India, 124001
| | - Ajit Kumar
- Toxicology and Computational Biology Group, Centre for Bioinformatics, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India, 124001
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Fišar Z, Hroudová J. CoQ 10 and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Alzheimer's Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:191. [PMID: 38397789 PMCID: PMC10885987 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13020191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The progress in understanding the pathogenesis and treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is based on the recognition of the primary causes of the disease, which can be deduced from the knowledge of risk factors and biomarkers measurable in the early stages of the disease. Insights into the risk factors and the time course of biomarker abnormalities point to a role for the connection of amyloid beta (Aβ) pathology, tau pathology, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress in the onset and development of AD. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a lipid antioxidant and electron transporter in the mitochondrial electron transport system. The availability and activity of CoQ10 is crucial for proper mitochondrial function and cellular bioenergetics. Based on the mitochondrial hypothesis of AD and the hypothesis of oxidative stress, the regulation of the efficiency of the oxidative phosphorylation system by means of CoQ10 can be considered promising in restoring the mitochondrial function impaired in AD, or in preventing the onset of mitochondrial dysfunction and the development of amyloid and tau pathology in AD. This review summarizes the knowledge on the pathophysiology of AD, in which CoQ10 may play a significant role, with the aim of evaluating the perspective of the pharmacotherapy of AD with CoQ10 and its analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zdeněk Fišar
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 11, 120 00 Prague, Czech Republic;
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Veneziano M, Piazza MF, Palummeri E, Paganino C, Andreoli GB, Amicizia D, Ansaldi F. A Longitudinal Study on Cognitive Training for Cognitively Preserved Adults in Liguria, Italy. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:393. [PMID: 38338278 PMCID: PMC10855271 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12030393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, we examined the effects of memory training on cognitive function and depressive symptoms in a cohort of 794 healthy adults aged 50 years or older. Participants were divided into an active intervention group and a passive intervention group, with various cognitive measures assessed over a one-year period. Univariate analysis revealed that the active intervention group consistently outperformed the passive group in measures of memory self-perception (Memory Complaint Questionnaire-MACQ), depressive symptoms (Geriatric Depression Scale-GDS-4), verbal memory and recall ability (A3LP), and verbal fluency (VF). Significant differences in MACQ scores were observed between the two groups at all time points, indicating enhanced memory self-perception in the active group. GDS-4 scores consistently favored the active group, suggesting a reduction in depressive symptoms. A3LP scores demonstrated that the active group had better verbal memory and recall abilities. VF scores consistently favored the active group, indicating superior language skills and cognitive flexibility. Linear regression model and mixed linear regression model reinforced these findings, with highly significant interaction effects observed between the active/passive group, gender, age, education, and time. These effects were particularly pronounced for MACQ and A3LP scores, indicating the combined impact of these factors on memory self-perception and verbal memory. This study highlights the positive impact of memory training intervention on cognitive function and depressive symptoms in older adults and underscores the importance of considering gender, age, and education in cognitive interventions. Notably, these benefits persist for up to six months from the end of the program. The results provide valuable insights into cognitive changes in aging populations and suggest that tailored memory training programs can yield significant improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Francesca Piazza
- Regional Health Agency of Liguria (ALiSa), 16121 Genoa, Italy; (E.P.); (G.B.A.); or (D.A.); or (F.A.)
| | - Ernesto Palummeri
- Regional Health Agency of Liguria (ALiSa), 16121 Genoa, Italy; (E.P.); (G.B.A.); or (D.A.); or (F.A.)
| | - Chiara Paganino
- Local Health Unit 3 (ASL3), 16125 Genoa, Italy; (M.V.); (C.P.)
| | | | - Daniela Amicizia
- Regional Health Agency of Liguria (ALiSa), 16121 Genoa, Italy; (E.P.); (G.B.A.); or (D.A.); or (F.A.)
- Department of Health Sciences (DiSSal), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Filippo Ansaldi
- Regional Health Agency of Liguria (ALiSa), 16121 Genoa, Italy; (E.P.); (G.B.A.); or (D.A.); or (F.A.)
- Department of Health Sciences (DiSSal), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
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19
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Mensah-Kane P, Davis DL, Shi HS, Trinh OT, Vann PH, Dory L, Sumien N. Hyperbaric oxygen alleviates selective domains of cognitive and motor deficits in female 5xFAD mice. GeroScience 2024; 46:517-530. [PMID: 38153668 PMCID: PMC10828284 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-01047-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been limited to managing of symptoms or anti-amyloid therapy with limited results and uncertainty. Seeking out new therapies that can reverse the effects of this devastating disease is important. Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy could be such a candidate as it has been shown to improve brain function in certain neurological conditions. Furthermore, the role sex plays in the vulnerability/resilience to AD remains equivocal. An understanding of what makes one sex more vulnerable to AD could unveil new pathways for therapy development. In this study, we investigated the effects of HBO on cognitive, motor, and affective function in a mouse model of AD (5xFAD) and assessed protein oxidation in peripheral tissues as a safety indicator. The motor and cognitive abilities of 5xFAD mice were significantly impaired. HBO therapy improved cognitive flexibility and associative learning of 5xFAD females but not males, but HBO had no effect other aspects of cognition. HBO also reversed AD-related declines in balance but had no impact on gait and anxiety-like behavior. HBO did not affect body weights or oxidative stress in peripheral tissues. Our study provides further support for HBO therapy as a potential treatment for AD and emphasizes the importance of considering sex as a biological variable in therapeutic development. Further investigations into the underlying mechanisms of HBO's sex-specific responses are warranted, as well as optimizing treatment protocols for maximum benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paapa Mensah-Kane
- Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth, 3500 Camp Bowie, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA
| | - Delaney L Davis
- Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth, 3500 Camp Bowie, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA
| | - Helen S Shi
- Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth, 3500 Camp Bowie, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA
| | - Oanh T Trinh
- Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth, 3500 Camp Bowie, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA
| | - Philip H Vann
- Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth, 3500 Camp Bowie, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA
| | - Ladislav Dory
- Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth, 3500 Camp Bowie, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA
| | - Nathalie Sumien
- Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth, 3500 Camp Bowie, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA.
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20
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Nasb M, Tao W, Chen N. Alzheimer's Disease Puzzle: Delving into Pathogenesis Hypotheses. Aging Dis 2024; 15:43-73. [PMID: 37450931 PMCID: PMC10796101 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.0608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disease characterized by both amnestic and non-amnestic clinical manifestations. It accounts for approximately 60-70% of all dementia cases worldwide. With the increasing number of AD patients, elucidating underlying mechanisms and developing corresponding interventional strategies are necessary. Hypotheses about AD such as amyloid cascade, Tau hyper-phosphorylation, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, cholinergic, and vascular hypotheses are not mutually exclusive, and all of them play a certain role in the development of AD. The amyloid cascade hypothesis is currently the most widely studied; however, other hypotheses are also gaining support. This article summarizes the recent evidence regarding major pathological hypotheses of AD and their potential interplay, as well as the strengths and weaknesses of each hypothesis and their implications for the development of effective treatments. This could stimulate further studies and promote the development of more effective therapeutic strategies for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ning Chen
- Tianjiu Research and Development Center for Exercise Nutrition and Foods, Hubei Key Laboratory of Exercise Training and Monitoring, College of Sports Medicine, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan 430079, China
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21
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Gao H, Fang B, Sun Z, Du X, Guo H, Zhao L, Zhang M. Effect of Human Milk Oligosaccharides on Learning and Memory in Mice with Alzheimer's Disease. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:1067-1081. [PMID: 38112024 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c05949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is distinguished by cognitive dysfunction and neuroinflammation in the brain. 2'-Fucosyllactose (2'-FL) is a major human milk oligosaccharide (HMO) that is abundantly present in breast milk and has been demonstrated to exhibit immunomodulatory effects. However, the role of 2'-FL and HMO in gut microbiota modulation in relation to AD remains insufficiently investigated. This study aimed to elucidate the preventive effect of the 2'-FL and HMO impact of AD and the relevant mechanism involved. Here, the behavioral results showed that 2'-FL and HMO intervention decreased the expression of Tau phosphorylation and amyloid-β (Aβ), inhibited neuroinflammation, and restored cognitive impairment in AD mice. The metagenomic analysis proved that 2'-FL and HMO intervention restored the dysbiosis of the gut microbiota in AD. Notably, 2'-FL and HMO intervention significantly enhanced the relative abundance of Clostridium and Akkermansia. The metabolomics results showed that 2'-FL and HMO enhanced the oleoyl-l-carnitine metabolism as potential drivers. More importantly, the levels of oleoyl-l-carnitine were positively correlated with the abundances of Clostridium and Akkermansia. These results indicated that 2'-FL and HMO had therapeutic potential to prevent AD-induced cognitive impairment, which is of great significance for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haina Gao
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Bing Fang
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhe Sun
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Xiaoyu Du
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Huiyuan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
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22
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Malik R, Kalra S, Pooja, Singh G, Meenu, Gahlot V, Kajal A, Rimpy. Antioxidative and neuroprotective potential of Acorus calamus linn. and Cordia dichotoma G. Forst. In Alzheimer's type dementia in rodent. Brain Res 2024; 1822:148616. [PMID: 37793605 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this research study was to see how plant extracts of Acorus calamus Linn. and Cordia dichotoma G. Forst. overcome scopolamine-induced Alzheimer's type dementia in mice by activating the cholinergic system, anti-oxidant and protection of neuronal death in the brain (hippocampus region). Scopolamine (1 mg/kg i.p.) reduced mice's routine in behavioral parameters such as Morris Water Maze (MWM), Elevated Plus Maze (EPM), and also the locomotor activity. It also decreases antioxidant levels such as Reduced glutathione (GSH) and also Superoxide dismutase (SOD) but also increases the level of Acetylcholinesterase enzyme (AChE) in brain. Assessment of various behavioral, and biochemical parameters (AChE, SOD, GSH, and Nitrite level) were compared with each group. Acorus calamus (hydro-alcoholic 1:1) 600 mg/kg p.o. and the combination (Acorus calamus 600 mg/kg p.o. + Cordia dichotoma 750 mg/kg p.o.) group showed significant results as compared to Cordia dichotoma 750 mg/kg p.o.in behavioral as well as in biochemical parameters. Histological studies showed significant neuroprotection in the Acorus calamus-treated group and the combination-treated groups. In the future, the Acorus calamus and the combination are possibly helpful in the treatment of various cognitive disorders or it may be valuable to investigate the pharmacological potential of such plant extracts during the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Malik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India; Gurugram Global College of Pharmacy, Gurugram, India.
| | - Sunishtha Kalra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Pooja
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, Haryana, India
| | - Govind Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India.
| | - Meenu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Vinod Gahlot
- HIMT College of Pharmacy, Knowledge Park - 1, Greater Noida, District - Gautam Buddh Nagar, U.P., 201310, India
| | - Anjali Kajal
- Baba Masthnath University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Rimpy
- Shandong First Medical University, China
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23
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Shamsi A, Furkan M, Khan MS, Yadav DK, Shahwan M. Computational Screening of Repurposed Drugs for HMG-CoA Synthase 2 in Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 100:475-485. [PMID: 38875044 DOI: 10.3233/jad-240376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Background HMGCS2 (mitochondrial 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-COA synthase 2) plays a pivotal role as a control enzyme in ketogenesis, and its association with the amyloid-β protein precursor (AβPP) in mitochondria implicates a potential involvement in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathophysiology. Objective Our study aimed at identifying repurposed drugs using the DrugBank database capable of inhibiting HMGCS2 activity. Methods Exploiting the power of drug repurposing in conjunction with virtual screening and molecular dynamic (MD) simulations against 'HMGCS2', we present new in-silico insight into structure-based drug repurposing. Results The initial molecules were screened for their binding affinity to HMGCS2. Subsequent interaction analyses and extensive 300 ns MD simulations were conducted to explore the conformational dynamics and stability of HMGCS2 in complex with the screened molecules, particularly Penfluridol and Lurasidone. Conclusions The study revealed that HMGCS2 forms stable protein-ligand complexes with Penfluridol and Lurasidone. Our findings indicate that Penfluridol and Lurasidone competitively bind to HMGCS2 and warrant their further exploration as potential repurposed molecules for anti-Alzheimer's drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anas Shamsi
- Center for Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohammad Furkan
- Department of Biochemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Mohd Shahnawaz Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dharmendra Kumar Yadav
- Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Moyad Shahwan
- Center for Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
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24
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Sevastre-Berghian AC, Ielciu I, Bab T, Olah NK, Neculicioiu VS, Toma VA, Sevastre B, Mocan T, Hanganu D, Bodoki AE, Roman I, Lucaciu RL, Hangan AC, Hașaș AD, Decea RM, Băldea I. Betula pendula Leaf Extract Targets the Interplay between Brain Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and NFkB Pathways in Amyloid Aβ 1-42-Treated Rats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:2110. [PMID: 38136229 PMCID: PMC10740548 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12122110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is known as the primary and most common cause of dementia in the middle-aged and elderly population worldwide. Chemical analyses of B. pendula leaf extract (BPE), performed using spectrophotometric and chromatographic methods (LC/MS), revealed high amounts of polyphenol carboxylic acids (gallic, chlorogenic, caffeic, trans-p-coumaric, ferulic, and salicylic acids), as well as flavonoids (apigenin, luteolin, luteolin-7-O-glucoside, naringenin, hyperoside, quercetin, and quercitrin). Four groups of Wistar rats were used in this experiment (n = 7/group): control (untreated), Aβ1-42 (2 μg/rat intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.), Aβ1-42 + BPE (200 mg/Kg b.w.), and DMSO (10 μL/rat). On the first day, one dose of Aβ1-42 was intracerebroventricularly administered to animals in groups 2 and 3. Subsequently, BPE was orally administered for the next 15 days to group 3. On the 16th day, behavioral tests were performed. Biomarkers of brain oxidative stress Malondialdehyde (MDA), (Peroxidase (PRx), Catalase (CAT), and Superoxid dismutase (SOD) and inflammation (cytokines: tumor necrosis factor -α (TNF-α), Interleukin 1β (IL-1β), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX 2)) in plasma and hippocampus homogenates were assessed. Various protein expressions (Phospho-Tau (Ser404) (pTau Ser 404), Phospho-Tau (Ser396) (pTau Ser 396), synaptophysin, and the Nuclear factor kappa B (NFkB) signaling pathway) were analyzed using Western blot and immunohistochemistry in the hippocampus. The results show that BPE diminished lipid peroxidation and neuroinflammation, modulated specific protein expression, enhanced the antioxidant capacity, and improved spontaneous alternation behavior, suggesting that it has beneficial effects in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra-Cristina Sevastre-Berghian
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.-C.S.-B.); (T.M.); (R.M.D.); (I.B.)
| | - Irina Ielciu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Timea Bab
- PlantExtrakt Ltd., Rădaia, 407059 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (T.B.); (N.-K.O.)
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400010 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Neli-Kinga Olah
- PlantExtrakt Ltd., Rădaia, 407059 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (T.B.); (N.-K.O.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Vasile Goldiş” Western University of Arad, 310025 Arad, Romania
| | - Vlad Sever Neculicioiu
- Department of Microbiology, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Vlad Alexandru Toma
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Babes-Bolyai University, 400371 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Bogdan Sevastre
- Department of Clinical and Paraclinical Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (B.S.); (A.-D.H.)
| | - Teodora Mocan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.-C.S.-B.); (T.M.); (R.M.D.); (I.B.)
| | - Daniela Hanganu
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400010 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Andreea Elena Bodoki
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.E.B.); (A.C.H.)
| | - Ioana Roman
- Department of Experimental Biology and Biochemistry, Institute of Biological Research, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Roxana Liana Lucaciu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babeș Street, 400000 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Adriana Corina Hangan
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.E.B.); (A.C.H.)
| | - Alina-Diana Hașaș
- Department of Clinical and Paraclinical Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (B.S.); (A.-D.H.)
| | - Roxana Maria Decea
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.-C.S.-B.); (T.M.); (R.M.D.); (I.B.)
| | - Ioana Băldea
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.-C.S.-B.); (T.M.); (R.M.D.); (I.B.)
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25
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Khan T, Waseem R, Shahid M, Ansari J, Ahanger IA, Hassan I, Islam A. Recent advancement in therapeutic strategies for Alzheimer's disease: Insights from clinical trials. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 92:102113. [PMID: 37918760 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent form of dementia, characterized by the presence of plaques of amyloid beta and Tau proteins. There is currently no permanent cure for AD; the only medications approved by the FDA for mild to moderate AD are cholinesterase inhibitors, NMDA receptor antagonists, and immunotherapies against core pathophysiology, that provide temporary relief only. Researchers worldwide have made significant attempts to find new targets and develop innovative therapeutic molecules to treat AD. The FDA-approved drugs are palliative and couldn't restore the damaged neuron cells of AD. Stem cells have self-differentiation properties, making them prospective therapeutics to treat AD. The promising results in pre-clinical studies of stem cell therapy for AD seek attention worldwide. Various stem cells, mainly mesenchymal stem cells, are currently in different phases of clinical trials and need more advancements to take this therapy to the translational level. Here, we review research from the past decade that has identified several hypotheses related to AD pathology. Moreover, this article also focuses on the recent advancement in therapeutic strategies for AD treatment including immunotherapy and stem cell therapy detailing the clinical trials that are currently undergoing development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanzeel Khan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Rashid Waseem
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Mohammad Shahid
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jaoud Ansari
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Ishfaq Ahmad Ahanger
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Kashmir,190006, India
| | - Imtaiyaz Hassan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Asimul Islam
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India.
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26
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Dave BP, Shah YB, Maheshwari KG, Mansuri KA, Prajapati BS, Postwala HI, Chorawala MR. Pathophysiological Aspects and Therapeutic Armamentarium of Alzheimer's Disease: Recent Trends and Future Development. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023; 43:3847-3884. [PMID: 37725199 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-023-01408-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the primary cause of dementia and is characterized by the death of brain cells due to the accumulation of insoluble amyloid plaques, hyperphosphorylation of tau protein, and the formation of neurofibrillary tangles within the cells. AD is also associated with other pathologies such as neuroinflammation, dysfunction of synaptic connections and circuits, disorders in mitochondrial function and energy production, epigenetic changes, and abnormalities in the vascular system. Despite extensive research conducted over the last hundred years, little is established about what causes AD or how to effectively treat it. Given the severity of the disease and the increasing number of affected individuals, there is a critical need to discover effective medications for AD. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved several new drug molecules for AD management since 2003, but these drugs only provide temporary relief of symptoms and do not address the underlying causes of the disease. Currently, available medications focus on correcting the neurotransmitter disruption observed in AD, including cholinesterase inhibitors and an antagonist of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, which temporarily alleviates the signs of dementia but does not prevent or reverse the course of AD. Research towards disease-modifying AD treatments is currently underway, including gene therapy, lipid nanoparticles, and dendrimer-based therapy. These innovative approaches aim to target the underlying pathological processes of AD rather than just managing the symptoms. This review discusses the novel aspects of pathogenesis involved in the causation of AD of AD and in recent developments in the therapeutic armamentarium for the treatment of AD such as gene therapy, lipid nanoparticles, and dendrimer-based therapy, and many more.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavarth P Dave
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy Practice, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Opp. Gujarat University, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India
| | - Yesha B Shah
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy Practice, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Opp. Gujarat University, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India
| | - Kunal G Maheshwari
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy Practice, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Opp. Gujarat University, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India
| | - Kaif A Mansuri
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy Practice, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Opp. Gujarat University, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India
| | - Bhadrawati S Prajapati
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy Practice, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Opp. Gujarat University, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India
| | - Humzah I Postwala
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy Practice, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Opp. Gujarat University, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India
| | - Mehul R Chorawala
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy Practice, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Opp. Gujarat University, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India.
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27
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Paterna A, Santonicola P, Di Prima G, Rao E, Raccosta S, Zampi G, Russo C, Moran O, Manno M, Di Schiavi E, Librizzi F, Carrotta R. α S1-Casein-Loaded Proteo-liposomes as Potential Inhibitors in Amyloid Fibrillogenesis: In Vivo Effects on a C. elegans Model of Alzheimer's Disease. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:3894-3904. [PMID: 37847529 PMCID: PMC10623563 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
According to the amyloid hypothesis, in the early phases of Alzheimer's disease (AD), small soluble prefibrillar aggregates of the amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) interact with neuronal membranes, causing neural impairment. Such highly reactive and toxic species form spontaneously and transiently in the amyloid building pathway. A therapeutic strategy consists of the recruitment of these intermediates, thus preventing aberrant interaction with membrane components (lipids and receptors), which in turn may trigger a cascade of cellular disequilibria. Milk αs1-Casein is an intrinsically disordered protein that is able to inhibit Aβ amyloid aggregation in vitro, by sequestering transient species. In order to test αs1-Casein as an inhibitor for the treatment of AD, it needs to be delivered in the place of action. Here, we demonstrate the use of large unilamellar vesicles (LUVs) as suitable nanocarriers for αs1-Casein. Proteo-LUVs were prepared and characterized by different biophysical techniques, such as multiangle light scattering, atomic force imaging, and small-angle X-ray scattering; αs1-Casein loading was quantified by a fluorescence assay. We demonstrated on a C. elegans AD model the effectiveness of the proposed delivery strategy in vivo. Proteo-LUVs allow efficient administration of the protein, exerting a positive functional readout at very low doses while avoiding the intrinsic toxicity of αs1-Casein. Proteo-LUVs of αs1-Casein represent an effective proof of concept for the exploitation of partially disordered proteins as a therapeutic strategy in mild AD conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Paterna
- Institute
of Biophysics, National Research Council, Division of Palermo, Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Pamela Santonicola
- Institute
of Biosciences and Bioresources, Division of Napoli, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy
- Department
of Medicine and Health Sciences, University
of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
| | - Giulia Di Prima
- Department
of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Estella Rao
- Institute
of Biophysics, National Research Council, Division of Palermo, Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Samuele Raccosta
- Institute
of Biophysics, National Research Council, Division of Palermo, Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Zampi
- Institute
of Biosciences and Bioresources, Division of Napoli, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Claudio Russo
- Department
of Medicine and Health Sciences, University
of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
- Consorzio
Interuniversitario in Ingegneria e Medicina (COIIM), Via F. De Sanctis, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
| | - Oscar Moran
- Institute
of Biophysics, National Research Council, Division of Genova, Via De Marini 6, 16149 Genova, Italy
| | - Mauro Manno
- Institute
of Biophysics, National Research Council, Division of Palermo, Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Elia Di Schiavi
- Institute
of Biosciences and Bioresources, Division of Napoli, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Fabio Librizzi
- Institute
of Biophysics, National Research Council, Division of Palermo, Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Rita Carrotta
- Institute
of Biophysics, National Research Council, Division of Palermo, Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy
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Bhattarai K, Rajaganapathy S, Das T, Kim Y, Chen Y, Dai Q, Li X, Jiang X, Zong N. Using artificial intelligence to learn optimal regimen plan for Alzheimer's disease. J Am Med Inform Assoc 2023; 30:1645-1656. [PMID: 37463858 PMCID: PMC10531148 DOI: 10.1093/jamia/ocad135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurological disorder with no specific curative medications. Sophisticated clinical skills are crucial to optimize treatment regimens given the multiple coexisting comorbidities in the patient population. OBJECTIVE Here, we propose a study to leverage reinforcement learning (RL) to learn the clinicians' decisions for AD patients based on the longitude data from electronic health records. METHODS In this study, we selected 1736 patients from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database. We focused on the two most frequent concomitant diseases-depression, and hypertension, thus creating 5 data cohorts (ie, Whole Data, AD, AD-Hypertension, AD-Depression, and AD-Depression-Hypertension). We modeled the treatment learning into an RL problem by defining states, actions, and rewards. We built a regression model and decision tree to generate multiple states, used six combinations of medications (ie, cholinesterase inhibitors, memantine, memantine-cholinesterase inhibitors, hypertension drugs, supplements, or no drugs) as actions, and Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE) scores as rewards. RESULTS Given the proper dataset, the RL model can generate an optimal policy (regimen plan) that outperforms the clinician's treatment regimen. Optimal policies (ie, policy iteration and Q-learning) had lower rewards than the clinician's policy (mean -3.03 and -2.93 vs. -2.93, respectively) for smaller datasets but had higher rewards for larger datasets (mean -4.68 and -2.82 vs. -4.57, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Our results highlight the potential of using RL to generate the optimal treatment based on the patients' longitude records. Our work can lead the path towards developing RL-based decision support systems that could help manage AD with comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Trisha Das
- University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois, USA
| | - Yejin Kim
- University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Xiaoqian Jiang
- University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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Qiu F, Wang Y, Du Y, Zeng C, Liu Y, Pan H, Ke C. Current evidence for J147 as a potential therapeutic agent in nervous system disease: a narrative review. BMC Neurol 2023; 23:317. [PMID: 37674139 PMCID: PMC10481599 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-023-03358-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Curcumin has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer effects and is used to treat diseases such as dermatological diseases, infection, stress, depression, and anxiety. J147, an analogue of curcumin, is designed and synthesized with better stability and bioavailability. Accumulating evidence demonstrates the potential role of J147 in the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease, diabetic neuropathy, ischemic stroke, depression, anxiety, and fatty liver disease. In this narrative review, we summarized the background and biochemical properties of J147 and discussed the role and mechanism of J147 in different diseases. Overall, the mechanical attributes of J147 connote it as a potential target for the prevention and treatment of neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Qiu
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen, 518110, Guangdong, China
- Center for Human Tissues and Organs Degeneration, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanmei Wang
- Department of critical care medicine, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yunbo Du
- Department of critical care medicine, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Changchun Zeng
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital of Shenzhen Longhua District, Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuqiang Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518025, Guangdong, China.
| | - Haobo Pan
- Center for Human Tissues and Organs Degeneration, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China.
| | - Changneng Ke
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen, 518110, Guangdong, China.
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Sousa T, Moreira PI, Cardoso S. Current Advances in Mitochondrial Targeted Interventions in Alzheimer's Disease. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2331. [PMID: 37760774 PMCID: PMC10525414 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder and affects the lives not only of those who are diagnosed but also of their caregivers. Despite the enormous social, economic and political burden, AD remains a disease without an effective treatment and with several failed attempts to modify the disease course. The fact that AD clinical diagnosis is most often performed at a stage at which the underlying pathological events are in an advanced and conceivably irremediable state strongly hampers treatment attempts. This raises the awareness of the need to identify and characterize the early brain changes in AD, in order to identify possible novel therapeutic targets to circumvent AD's cascade of events. One of the most auspicious targets is mitochondria, powerful organelles found in nearly all cells of the body. A vast body of literature has shown that mitochondria from AD patients and model organisms of the disease differ from their non-AD counterparts. In view of this evidence, preserving and/or restoring mitochondria's health and function can represent the primary means to achieve advances to tackle AD. In this review, we will briefly assess and summarize the previous and latest evidence of mitochondria dysfunction in AD. A particular focus will be given to the recent updates and advances in the strategy options aimed to target faulty mitochondria in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Sousa
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-370 Coimbra, Portugal;
| | - Paula I. Moreira
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal;
- CIBB—Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-370 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Susana Cardoso
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal;
- CIBB—Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- IIIUC—Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal
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Schneider S, Junghaenel DU, Meijer E, Stone AA, Orriens B, Jin H, Zelinski EM, Lee PJ, Hernandez R, Kapteyn A. Using Item Response Times in Online Questionnaires to Detect Mild Cognitive Impairment. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2023; 78:1278-1283. [PMID: 36879431 PMCID: PMC10394989 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbad043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES With the increase in web-based data collection, response times (RTs) for survey items have become a readily available byproduct in most online studies. We examined whether RTs in online questionnaires can prospectively discriminate between cognitively normal respondents and those with cognitive impairment, no dementia (CIND). METHOD Participants were 943 members of a nationally representative internet panel, aged 50 and older. We analyzed RTs that were passively recorded as paradata for 37 surveys (1,053 items) administered online over 6.5 years. A multilevel location-scale model derived 3 RT parameters for each survey: (1) a respondent's average RT and 2 components of intraindividual RT variability addressing (2) systematic RT adjustments and (3) unsystematic RT fluctuations. CIND status was determined at the end of the 6.5-year period. RESULTS All 3 RT parameters were significantly associated with CIND, with a combined predictive accuracy of area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve = 0.74. Slower average RTs, smaller systematic RT adjustments, and greater unsystematic RT fluctuations prospectively predicted a greater likelihood of CIND over periods of up to 6.5, 4.5, and 1.5 years, respectively. DISCUSSION RTs for survey items are a potential early indicator of CIND, which may enhance analyses of predictors, correlates, and consequences of cognitive impairment in online survey research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Schneider
- Center for Self-Report Science & Center for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern California, CA, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, CA, USA
| | - Doertes U Junghaenel
- Center for Self-Report Science & Center for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern California, CA, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, CA, USA
| | - Erik Meijer
- Center for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern California, CA, USA
| | - Arthur A Stone
- Center for Self-Report Science & Center for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern California, CA, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, CA, USA
| | - Bart Orriens
- Center for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern California, CA, USA
| | - Haomiao Jin
- Center for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern California, CA, USA
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | | | - Pey-Jiuan Lee
- Center for Self-Report Science & Center for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern California, CA, USA
| | - Raymond Hernandez
- Center for Self-Report Science & Center for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern California, CA, USA
| | - Arie Kapteyn
- Center for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern California, CA, USA
- Department of Economics, University of Southern California, CA, USA
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Morrill K, Chen F, Karlsson E. Comparative neurogenetics of dog behavior complements efforts towards human neuropsychiatric genetics. Hum Genet 2023; 142:1231-1246. [PMID: 37578529 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-023-02580-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Domestic dogs display a wide array of heritable behaviors that have intermediate genetic complexity thanks to a long history of human-influenced selection. Comparative genetics in dogs could address the scarcity of non-human neurogenetic systems relevant to human neuropsychiatric disorders, which are characterized by mental, emotional, and behavioral symptoms and involve vastly complex genetic and non-genetic risk factors. Our review describes the diverse behavioral "phenome" of domestic dogs, past and ongoing sources of behavioral selection, and the state of canine behavioral genetics. We highlight two naturally disordered behavioral domains that illustrate how dogs may prove useful as a comparative, forward neurogenetic system: canine age-related cognitive dysfunction, which can be examined more rapidly given the attenuated lifespan of dogs, and compulsive disorders, which may have genetic roots in purpose-bred behaviors. Growing community science initiatives aimed at the companion dog population will be well suited to investigating such complex behavioral phenotypes and offer a comparative resource that parallels human genomic initiatives in scale and dimensionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Morrill
- Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
- Vertebrate Genome Biology, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Morningside Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
| | - Frances Chen
- Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
- Vertebrate Genome Biology, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Elinor Karlsson
- Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
- Vertebrate Genome Biology, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
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Thomas S, Prendergast GC. Gut-brain connections in neurodegenerative disease: immunotherapeutic targeting of Bin1 in inflammatory bowel disease and Alzheimer's disease. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1183932. [PMID: 37521457 PMCID: PMC10372349 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1183932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Longer lifespan produces risks of age-associated neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), which is characterized by declines in memory and cognitive function. The pathogenic causes of AD are thought to reflect a progressive aggregation in the brain of amyloid plaques composed of beta-amyloid (Aß) peptides and neurofibrillary tangles composed of phosphorylated tau protein. Recently, long-standing investigations of the Aß disease hypothesis gained support via a passive immunotherapy targeting soluble Aß protein. Tau-targeting approaches using antibodies are also being pursued as a therapeutic approach to AD. In genome-wide association studies, the disease modifier gene Bin1 has been identified as a top risk factor for late-onset AD in human populations, with recent studies suggesting that Bin1 binds tau and influences its extracellular deposition. Interestingly, before AD emerges in the brain, tau levels rise in the colon, where Bin1-a modifier of tissue barrier function and inflammation-acts to promote inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This connection is provocative given clinical evidence of gut-brain communication in age-associated neurodegenerative disorders, including AD. In this review, we discuss a Bin1-targeting passive immunotherapy developed in our laboratory to treat IBD that may offer a strategy to indirectly reduce tau deposition and limit AD onset or progression.
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Yang G, Tong Y, Wang X, Zhao C, Ba Z, Ahelijiang R, Liu X, Gao W, Zhao Y, Gu Y, Yang J, Xu Y. Guizhi Fuling capsule relieves memory deficits by inhibition of microglial neuroinflammation through blocking JAK2/STAT3 pathway in presenilin1/2 conditional double knockout mice. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1185570. [PMID: 37465679 PMCID: PMC10350565 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1185570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic neuroinflammation has been regarded as an important part of the pathological initiation of Alzheimer's disease (AD), which is associated with the regulation of microglial activation. Preventing microglial activation to inhibit neuroinflammation may become a potential target for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Guizhi Fuling capsule (GZFL) has a strong repression on inflammatory responses. Here, the presenilin1/2 conditional double knockout (PS cDKO) mice, a well-established mouse model of AD, were divided into: WT mice (WT), WT mice+GZFL (WT+GZFL), PS cDKO mice (cDKO), and PS cDKO mice+GZFL (cDKO+GZFL). Mice in the WT+GZFL and cDKO+GZFL group were fed standard chow containing 2000 ppm GZFL for 90 days. After 60 days of GZFL treatment, mice were given to behavioral tests for 30 days in order to explore the effects of GZFL on cognitive and motor function. Then, mice were sacrificed for examining the effects of GZFL on inflammation. Furthermore, primary microglia were obtained from neonatal Sprague-Dawley rats and pretreated with or without GZFL (50 μg/ml) for 1 h in the absence or presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (100 ng/ml) stimulation to speculate whether the underlying mechanism of GZFL's anti-inflammatory potential was closely associated with Janus kinase 2 (JAK2)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling pathway. Our findings indicated that GZFL has the ability to alleviate memory deficits in PS cDKO mice, which attributes to the improvement of neuroinflammation by inhibiting microglial activation and the levels of pro-inflammatory mediators. In addition, GZFL could inverse the tau hyperphosphorylation and the lessened expression of synaptic proteins in hippocampus of PS cDKO mice. Furthermore, GZFL prevented LPS-induced neuroinflammatory responses in primary microglia by decreasing the levels of pro-inflammatory mediators. It is noteworthy that therapeutic effects of GZFL on memory impairment are depended on the inhibition of neuroinflammatory responses by the blockage of JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. Taken together, GZFL may be an effective compound Chinese medicine for the improvement and postponement of neurodegenerative progression in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Yang
- Department of Physiology, School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuting Tong
- Department of Physiology, School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingyu Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenyi Zhao
- Department of Physiology, School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zongtao Ba
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Reaila Ahelijiang
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinjuan Liu
- Department of Physiology, School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Waimao Gao
- Department of Physiology, School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Physiology, School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yining Gu
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Yangzhi Rehabilitation Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianmei Yang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Xuhui District Central Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Department of Physiology, School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Saposnik G, Sánchez-Benavidez G, García-Arcelay E, Franco-Macías E, Bensi C, Carmelingo S, Allegri RF, Pérez-Martínez DA, Maurino J. Design of a Non-Interventional Study to Assess Neurologists' Perspectives and Pharmacological Treatment Decisions in Early Alzheimer's Disease. Neurol Ther 2023; 12:995-1006. [PMID: 36952172 DOI: 10.1007/s40120-023-00466-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The current therapeutic landscape of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is evolving rapidly. Our treatment options include new anti-amyloid-β protein disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) that decrease cognitive decline in patients with early AD (prodromal and mild AD dementia). Despite these advances, we have limited information on how neurologists would apply the results of recent DMT trials to make treatment decisions. Our goal is to identify factors associated with the use of new AD DMTs among neurologists applying concepts from behavioral economics. METHODS This non-interventional, cross-sectional, web-based study will assess 400 neurologists with expertise in AD from across Spain. Participants will start by completing demographic information, practice settings, and a behavioral battery to address their tolerance to uncertainty and risk preferences. Participants will then be presented with 10 simulated case scenarios or vignettes of common encounters in patients with early AD to evaluate treatment initiation with anti-amyloid-β DMTs (e.g., aducanumab, lecanemab, etc.). The primary outcomes will be therapeutic inertia and suboptimal decisions. Discrete choice experiments will be used to determine the weight of factors influencing treatment choices. RESULTS The results of this study will provide new insights into a better understanding of the most relevant factors associated with therapeutic decisions on the use of DMTs, assessing how neurologists handle uncertainty when making treatment choices, and identifying the prevalence of therapeutic inertia in the management of early AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Saposnik
- Clinical Outcomes and Decision Neuroscience Unit, Li Ka Shing Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, 55 Queen St E, Toronto, ON, M5C 1R6, Canada.
| | - Gonzalo Sánchez-Benavidez
- BarcelonaBeta Brain Research Center, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Emilio Franco-Macías
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Catalina Bensi
- Medical Department, Roche Farma, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Ricardo F Allegri
- Department of Cognitive Neurology, Neuropsychology and Neuropsychiatry, Fleni, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - David A Pérez-Martínez
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Doce de Octubre, Hospital Universitario La Luz, Madrid, Spain
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Spatial and Temporal Protein Modules Signatures Associated with Alzheimer Disease in 3xTg-AD Mice Are Restored by Early Ubiquinol Supplementation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030747. [PMID: 36978996 PMCID: PMC10044705 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite its robust proteopathic nature, the spatiotemporal signature of disrupted protein modules in sporadic Alzheimer’s disease (AD) brains remains poorly understood. This considered oxidative stress contributes to AD progression and early intervention with coenzyme Q10 or its reduced form, ubiquinol, delays the progression of the disease. Using MALDI–MSI and functional bioinformatic analysis, we have developed a protocol to express how deregulated protein modules arise from hippocampus and cortex in the AD mice model 3xTG-AD in an age-dependent manner. This strategy allowed us to identify which modules can be efficiently restored to a non-pathological condition by early intervention with ubiquinol. Indeed, an early deregulation of proteostasis-related protein modules, oxidative stress and metabolism has been observed in the hippocampus of 6-month mice (early AD) and the mirrored in cortical regions of 12-month mice (middle/late AD). This observation has been validated by IHC using mouse and human brain sections, suggesting that these protein modules are also affected in humans. The emergence of disrupted protein modules with AD signature can be prevented by early dietary intervention with ubiquinol in the 3xTG-AD mice model.
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Marsool MDM, Prajjwal P, Reddy YB, Marsool ADM, Lam JR, Nandwana V. Newer modalities in the management of Alzheimer's dementia along with the role of aducanumab and lecanemab in the treatment of its refractory cases. Dis Mon 2023; 69:101547. [PMID: 36931947 DOI: 10.1016/j.disamonth.2023.101547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common neurological condition characterized by a gradual and progressive decline in memory, language, emotion, and cognition. It mainly affects elderly people. Due to the effects of AD, pharmaceutical medications and anticholinesterases have been vigorously promoted and approved by the FDA as a form of AD therapy. However, it was progressively found that these drugs did not address the underlying causes of AD pathogenesis; rather, they focused on the symptoms in order to enhance patients' cognitive outcomes. Consequently, a hunt for superior disease-modifying options is launched. Designing new therapeutic agents requires a thorough understanding of the neuroprotective processes and varied functions carried out by certain genes, and antibodies. In this comprehensive review article, we give an overview of the history of Alzheimer's disease, the significance of the blood-brain barrier in determining the scope of treatment options, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of the current therapeutic treatment options for stem cell therapy, immunotherapy, regenerative therapy, and improved Alzheimer's disease care and diagnosis. We have also included a discussion on the potential role of aducanumab and Lecanemab as a cutting-edge therapy in refractory Alzheimer's disease patients. Lecanemab has been recently approved by the FDA for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Justin Riley Lam
- Internal Medicine, Cebu Institute of Medicine, Cebu, Philippines
| | - Varsha Nandwana
- Neurology, Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Virginia, USA
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Ono S, Ogura J, Sugiura H, Yamauchi M, Tanaka A, Sato T, Maekawa M, Yamaguchi H, Mano N. Glutathione depletion results in S-nitrosylation of protein disulfide isomerase in neuroblastoma cells. Life Sci 2023; 316:121442. [PMID: 36708988 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) is an essential enzyme involved in oxidative protein folding. PDI is S-nitrosylated in the brains of Alzheimer's disease patients, and S-nitrosylated PDI is considered one of main causes of Alzheimer's disease. However, the mechanisms underlying PDI S-nitrosylation have not yet been elucidated. Because glutathione (GSH) depletion is a pathological feature of Alzheimer's disease, we investigated the effect of GSH depletion on the S-nitrosylation level of PDI. MAIN METHODS SH-SY5Y cells, which is a human derived neuroblastoma cells, were used in this study. Glutamate and buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) were used as GSH depletors. S-nitrosylated PDI was detected by biotin-switch assay. KEY FINDINGS GSH depletion by glutamate, a cystine/glutamate antiporter xCT inhibitor, increased S-nitrosylated PDI at C343 in SH-SY5Y cells, and induced IRE1α phosphorylation. BSO, a γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase inhibitor, also increased S-nitrosylated PDI and phosphorylated IRE1α upon GSH depletion. Because S-nitrosylated PDI at C343 is stable in neuro cells, S-nitrosylated PDI by GSH depletion progresses to neurodegeneration by the induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress via phosphorylated IRE1α signaling from the early to late stage. Furthermore, treatment with neohesperidin, but not N-acetylcysteine (NAC), improved PDI S-nitrosylation level in GSH-depleted SH-SY5Y cells because nitrosylated compound of NAC induces PDI S-nitrosylation. SIGNIFICANCE The results of our study provide a new insight into the mechanisms of neurodegeneration, and may be useful for the development of drugs for Alzheimer's diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Ono
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Jiro Ogura
- Department of Pharmacy, Yamagata University Hospital, Yamagata, Japan.
| | - Hiroki Sugiura
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Minami Yamauchi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Atsushi Tanaka
- Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Sato
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Maekawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Yamaguchi
- Department of Pharmacy, Yamagata University Hospital, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Nariyasu Mano
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
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Yang L, Nao J. Focus on Alzheimer's Disease: The Role of Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 and Autophagy. Neuroscience 2023; 511:13-28. [PMID: 36372296 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a disorder of the central nervous system that is typically marked by progressive cognitive impairment and memory loss. Amyloid β plaque deposition and neurofibrillary tangles with hyperphosphorylated tau are the two hallmark pathologies of AD. In mammalian cells, autophagy clears aberrant protein aggregates, thus maintaining proteostasis as well as neuronal health. Autophagy affects production and metabolism of amyloid β and accumulation of phosphorylated tau proteins, whose malfunction can lead to the progression of AD. On the other hand, defective autophagy has been found to induce the production of the neuroprotective factor fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), although the underlying mechanism is unclear. In this review, we highlight the significance of aberrant autophagy in the pathogenesis of AD, discuss the possible mechanisms by which defective autophagy induces FGF21 production, and analyze the potential of FGF21 in the treatment of AD. The findings provide some insights into the potential role of FGF21 and autophagy in the pathogenesis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Yang
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Jianfei Nao
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China.
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Schäfer S, Mallick E, Schwed L, König A, Zhao J, Linz N, Bodin TH, Skoog J, Possemis N, ter Huurne D, Zettergren A, Kern S, Sacuiu S, Ramakers I, Skoog I, Tröger J. Screening for Mild Cognitive Impairment Using a Machine Learning Classifier and the Remote Speech Biomarker for Cognition: Evidence from Two Clinically Relevant Cohorts. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 91:1165-1171. [PMID: 36565116 PMCID: PMC9912722 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Modern prodromal Alzheimer's disease (AD) clinical trials might extend outreach to a general population, causing high screen-out rates and thereby increasing study time and costs. Thus, screening tools that cost-effectively detect mild cognitive impairment (MCI) at scale are needed. OBJECTIVE Develop a screening algorithm that can differentiate between healthy and MCI participants in different clinically relevant populations. METHODS Two screening algorithms based on the remote ki:e speech biomarker for cognition (ki:e SB-C) were designed on a Dutch memory clinic cohort (N = 121) and a Swedish birth cohort (N = 404). MCI classification was each evaluated on the training cohort as well as on the unrelated validation cohort. RESULTS The algorithms achieved a performance of AUC 0.73 and AUC 0.77 in the respective training cohorts and AUC 0.81 in the unseen validation cohorts. CONCLUSION The results indicate that a ki:e SB-C based algorithm robustly detects MCI across different cohorts and languages, which has the potential to make current trials more efficient and improve future primary health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Schäfer
- ki:elements, Saarbrücken, Germany,Correspondence to: Simona Schäfer, ki elements GmbH, Am Holzbrunnen 1a, 66121 Saarbrücken, Germany. Tel.: +49681 372009200; E-mail:
| | | | | | - Alexandra König
- ki:elements, Saarbrücken, Germany,Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (INRIA), Stars Team, Sophia Antipolis, Valbonne, France
| | | | | | - Timothy Hadarsson Bodin
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Johan Skoog
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Nina Possemis
- Alzheimer Center Limburg, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Daphne ter Huurne
- Alzheimer Center Limburg, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Anna Zettergren
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Silke Kern
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Simona Sacuiu
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Inez Ramakers
- Alzheimer Center Limburg, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ingmar Skoog
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Dodel R. [Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer type dementia-Pathophysiology and drug treatment approaches]. INNERE MEDIZIN (HEIDELBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 64:113-120. [PMID: 36645435 DOI: 10.1007/s00108-022-01463-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Symptomatically effective forms of treatment for neurodegenerative diseases have been developed in the last 50 years based on the knowledge about the pathophysiological and neurochemical context in the central nervous system. These so far represent the basis of available treatment options. Knowledge of the pathophysiological and neurochemical context, however, is not only necessary for the development of treatment but also enables a meaningful implementation of currently available substances. The most important neuropathological and neurochemical alterations that characterize Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer type dementia are briefly presented. In recent years, new substances ranging from symptomatic to disease-modifying treatment options have been developed, the latter mostly based on the neuropathologically detectable alterations. Recent results from clinical studies raise hopes that disease-modifying treatment options for neurodegenerative diseases will become available in the foreseeable future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Dodel
- Lehrstuhl für Geriatrie, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Virchowstr. 171, 45147, Essen, Deutschland.
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Bhattarai K, Das T, Kim Y, Chen Y, Dai Q, Li X, Jiang X, Zong N. Using Artificial Intelligence to Learn Optimal Regimen Plan for Alzheimer's Disease. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.01.26.23285064. [PMID: 36747733 PMCID: PMC9901063 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.26.23285064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Background Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a progressive neurological disorder with no specific curative medications. While only a few medications are approved by FDA (i.e., donepezil, galantamine, rivastigmine, and memantine) to relieve symptoms (e.g., cognitive decline), sophisticated clinical skills are crucial to optimize the appropriate regimens given the multiple coexisting comorbidities in this patient population. Objective Here, we propose a study to leverage reinforcement learning (RL) to learn the clinicians' decisions for AD patients based on the longitude records from Electronic Health Records (EHR). Methods In this study, we withdraw 1,736 patients fulfilling our criteria, from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative(ADNI) database. We focused on the two most frequent concomitant diseases, depression, and hypertension, thus resulting in five main cohorts, 1) whole data, 2) AD-only, 3) AD-hypertension, 4) AD-depression, and 5) AD-hypertension-depression. We modeled the treatment learning into an RL problem by defining the three factors (i.e., states, action, and reward) in RL in multiple strategies, where a regression model and a decision tree are developed to generate states, six main medications extracted (i.e., no drugs, cholinesterase inhibitors, memantine, hypertension drugs, a combination of cholinesterase inhibitors and memantine, and supplements or other drugs) are for action, and Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE) scores are for reward. Results Given the proper dataset, the RL model can generate an optimal policy (regimen plan) that outperforms the clinician's treatment regimen. With the smallest data samples, the optimal-policy (i.e., policy iteration and Q-learning) gained a lesser reward than the clinician's policy (mean -2.68 and -2.76 vs . -2.66, respectively), but it gained more reward once the data size increased (mean -3.56 and -2.48 vs . -3.57, respectively). Conclusions Our results highlight the potential of using RL to generate the optimal treatment based on the patients' longitude records. Our work can lead the path toward the development of RL-based decision support systems which could facilitate the daily practice to manage Alzheimer's disease with comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kritib Bhattarai
- Department of Computer Science, Luther College Decorah, IA, United States
| | - Trisha Das
- Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States
| | - Yejin Kim
- School of Biomedical Informatics, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | | | - Qiying Dai
- Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN, United States
| | | | - Xiaoqian Jiang
- School of Biomedical Informatics, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Nansu Zong
- School of Biomedical Informatics, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, United States
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Zhang F, Khan AF, Ding L, Yuan H. Network organization of resting-state cerebral hemodynamics and their aliasing contributions measured by functional near-infrared spectroscopy. J Neural Eng 2023; 20:016012. [PMID: 36535032 PMCID: PMC9855663 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/acaccb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Objective. Spontaneous fluctuations of cerebral hemodynamics measured by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) are widely used to study the network organization of the brain. The temporal correlations among the ultra-slow, <0.1 Hz fluctuations across the brain regions are interpreted as functional connectivity maps and used for diagnostics of neurological disorders. However, despite the interest narrowed in the ultra-slow fluctuations, hemodynamic activity that exists beyond the ultra-slow frequency range could contribute to the functional connectivity, which remains unclear.Approach. In the present study, we have measured the brain-wide hemodynamics in the human participants with functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) in a whole-head, cap-based and high-density montage at a sampling rate of 6.25 Hz. In addition, we have acquired resting state fMRI scans in the same group of participants for cross-modal evaluation of the connectivity maps. Then fNIRS data were deliberately down-sampled to a typical fMRI sampling rate of ∼0.5 Hz and the resulted differential connectivity maps were subject to a k-means clustering.Main results. Our diffuse optical topographical analysis of fNIRS data have revealed a default mode network (DMN) in the spontaneous deoxygenated and oxygenated hemoglobin changes, which remarkably resemble the same fMRI network derived from participants. Moreover, we have shown that the aliased activities in the down-sampled optical signals have altered the connectivity patterns, resulting in a network organization of aliased functional connectivity in the cerebral hemodynamics.Significance.The results have for the first time demonstrated that fNIRS as a broadly accessible modality can image the resting-state functional connectivity in the posterior midline, prefrontal and parietal structures of the DMN in the human brain, in a consistent pattern with fMRI. Further empowered by the fast sampling rate of fNIRS, our findings suggest the presence of aliased connectivity in the current understanding of the human brain organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhang
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, United States of America
| | - Ali F Khan
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, United States of America
| | - Lei Ding
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, United States of America
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology, The University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, United States of America
| | - Han Yuan
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, United States of America
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology, The University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, United States of America
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Zare S, Ramezani Z, Ghadiri AA, Fereidoonnezhad M. Synthesis of N‐(2‐(tert‐Butylamino)‐2‐oxoethyl)‐2,2‐dichloro‐N‐aryl(alkyl)acetamides as Anticancer Agents: Molecular Modeling and Biological Evaluations. ChemistrySelect 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202203931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Zare
- Cancer Research Center Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences Ahvaz Iran
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry School of Pharmacy Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran
| | - Zahra Ramezani
- Cancer Research Center Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences Ahvaz Iran
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry Faculty of Pharmacy Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences Ahvaz Iran
| | - Ata A. Ghadiri
- Department of Immunology School of Medicine Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences Ahvaz Iran
| | - Masood Fereidoonnezhad
- Cancer Research Center Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences Ahvaz Iran
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry Faculty of Pharmacy Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences Ahvaz Iran
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Kleawyothatis W, Jattujan P, Chumphoochai K, Chalorak P, Sobhon P, Meemon K. Holothuria scabra extracts confer neuroprotective effect in C. elegans model of Alzheimer's disease by attenuating amyloid-β aggregation and toxicity. J Tradit Complement Med 2023; 13:93-104. [PMID: 36685078 PMCID: PMC9845652 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2022.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aim Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common aged-related neurodegenerative disorder that is associated with the toxic amyloid-β (Aβ) aggregation in the brain. While the efficacies of available drugs against AD are still limited, natural products have been shown to possess neuroprotective potential for prevention and therapy of AD. This study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effects of H. scabra extracts against Aβ aggregation and proteotoxicity in C. elegans model of Alzheimer's diseases. Experimental procedure Whole bodies (WB) and body wall (BW) of H. scabra were extracted and fractionated into ethyl acetate (WBEA, BWEA), butanol (WBBU, BWBU), and ethanol (BWET). Then C. elegans AD models were treated with these fractions and investigated for Aβ aggregation and polymerization, biochemical and behavioral changes, and level of oxidative stress, as well as lifespan extension. Results and conclusion C. elegans AD model treated with H. scabra extracts, especially triterpene glycoside-rich ethyl acetate and butanol fractions, exhibited significant reduction of Aβ deposition. These H. scabra extracts also attenuated the paralysis behavior and improved the neurological defects in chemotaxis caused by Aβ aggregation. Immunoblot analysis revealed decreased level of Aβ oligomeric forms and the increased level of Aβ monomers after treatments with H. scabra extracts. In addition, H. scabra extracts reduced reactive oxygen species and increased the mean lifespan of the treated AD worms. In conclusion, this study demonstrated strong evidence of anti-Alzheimer effects by H. scabra extracts, implying that these extracts can potentially be applied as natural preventive and therapeutic agents for AD. Taxonomy classification by EVISE Alzheimer's disease, Neurodegenerative disorder, Traditional medicine, Experimental model systems, Molecular biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warannida Kleawyothatis
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Prapaporn Jattujan
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Kawita Chumphoochai
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Pawanrat Chalorak
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
- Department of Radiological Technology and Medical Physics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Prasert Sobhon
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Krai Meemon
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
- Center for Neuroscience, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
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Wei Z, Li D, Shi J. Alterations of Spatial Memory and Gut Microbiota Composition in Alzheimer's Disease Triple-Transgenic Mice at 3, 6, and 9 Months of Age. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 2023; 38:15333175231174193. [PMID: 37169734 PMCID: PMC10624076 DOI: 10.1177/15333175231174193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurological disease. Gut microbial dysbiosis is associated with AD. This study involves the comparative assessment of spatial learning, β-amyloid peptide accumulation, and fecal microbiota alterations in 3×Tg-AD mice from 3 age groups: AD asymptomatic stage (3 m), presymptomatic stage (6 m), and the symptomatic stage of AD (9 m). We demonstrate that spatial memory deficits, brain Aβ accumulation, and weight gain in 3×Tg-AD mice gradually appear after 6 months of age. However, the total gut bacterial counts underwent changes from 3 to 6 months of age and were further altered at 9 months of age. Importantly, changes in gut bacteria abundance of Desulfobacterota and Actinobacteriota phyla in 6-month-old mice preceded apparent spatial memory deficits. In summary, Changes in the gut microbial community are one of the mechanisms of early AD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Wei
- Medical College, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Daidi Li
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Jingshan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
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47
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Moebius HJ, Church KJ. The Case for a Novel Therapeutic Approach to Dementia: Small Molecule Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF/MET) Positive Modulators. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 92:1-12. [PMID: 36683507 PMCID: PMC10041442 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
An estimated 6.5 million Americans aged 65 years or older have Alzheimer's disease (AD), which will grow to 13.8 million Americans by 2060. Despite the growing burden of dementia, no fundamental change in drug development for AD has been seen in > 20 years. Currently approved drugs for AD produce only modest symptomatic improvements in cognition with small effect sizes. A growing mismatch exists between the urgent need to develop effective drugs for symptomatic AD and the largely failed search for disease modification. The failure rate of clinical trials in AD is high overall, and in particular for disease-modifying therapies. Research efforts in AD have focused predominantly on amyloid-β and tau pathologies, but limiting clinical research to these "classical hallmarks" of the disease does not address the most urgent patient, caregiver, or societal needs. Rather, clinical research should consider the complex pathophysiology of AD. Innovative approaches are needed that provide outside-the-box thinking, and re-imagine trial design, interventions, and outcomes as well as progress in proteomics and fluid biomarker analytics for both diagnostics and disease monitoring. A new approach offering a highly specific, yet multi-pronged intervention that exerts positive modulation on the HGF/MET neurotrophic system is currently being tested in mid-to-late-stage clinical trials in mild to moderate AD. Findings from such trials may provide data to support novel approaches for development of innovative drugs for treating AD at various disease stages, including among patients already symptomatic, and may offer benefits for other neurodegenerative diseases.
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48
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Kim DY, Kim JS, Seo YS, Park WY, Kim BH, Hong EH, Kim JY, Cho SJ, Rhee HY, Kim A, Kim KY, Oh DJ, Chung WK. Evaluation of Efficacy and Safety Using Low Dose Radiation Therapy with Alzheimer's Disease: A Protocol for Multicenter Phase II Clinical Trial. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 95:1263-1272. [PMID: 37638435 PMCID: PMC10578208 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common cause of dementia, is a neurodegenerative disease resulting from extracellular and intracellular deposits of amyloid-β (Aβ) and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain. Although many clinical studies evaluating pharmacological approaches have been conducted, most have shown disappointing results; thus, innovative strategies other than drugs have been actively attempted. OBJECTIVE This study aims to explore low-dose radiation therapy (LDRT) for the treatment of patients with AD based on preclinical evidence, case reports, and a small pilot trial in humans. METHODS This study is a phase II, multicenter, prospective, single-blinded, randomized controlled trial that will evaluate the efficacy and safety of LDRT to the whole brain using a linear accelerator in patients with mild AD. Sixty participants will be randomly assigned to three groups: experimental I (24 cGy/6 fractions), experimental II (300 cGy/6 fractions), or sham RT group (0 cGy/6 fractions). During LDRT and follow-up visits after LDRT, possible adverse events will be assessed by the physician's interview and neurological examinations. Furthermore, the effectiveness of LDRT will be measured using neurocognitive function tests and imaging tools at 6 and 12 months after LDRT. We will also monitor the alterations in cytokines, Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio, and tau levels in plasma. Our primary endpoint is the change in cognitive function test scores estimated by the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-Korea compared to baseline after 6 months of LDRT. CONCLUSIONS This study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov [NCT05635968] and is currently recruiting patients. This study will provide evidence that LDRT is a new treatment strategy for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Yun Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kyunghee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Sik Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Seok Seo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Woo-Yoon Park
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Byoung Hyuck Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun-Hee Hong
- Radiation Health Research Institute, Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power Co Ltd., Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Young Kim
- Radiation Health Research Institute, Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power Co Ltd., Seoul, Korea
| | - Seong-Jun Cho
- Radiation Health Research Institute, Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power Co Ltd., Seoul, Korea
| | - Hak Young Rhee
- Department of Neurology, Kyunghee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, Korea
| | - Aryun Kim
- Department of Neurology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Keun You Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dae Jong Oh
- Workplace Mental Health Institute, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Weon Kuu Chung
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kyunghee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, Korea
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Wang K, Shao X, Cai W. Binding Models of Aβ42 Peptide with Membranes Explored by Molecular Simulations. J Chem Inf Model 2022; 62:6482-6493. [PMID: 35984710 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.2c00444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
One of the factors contributing to the toxicity of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides is the destruction of membrane integrity through Aβ peptide-membrane interactions. The binding of Aβ peptides to membranes has been studied by experiments and theoretical simulations extensively. The exact binding mechanism, however, still remains elusive. In the present study, the molecular basis of the peptide-bilayer binding mechanism of the full-length Aβ42 monomer with POPC/POPS/CHOL bilayers is investigated by all-atom (AA) simulations. Three main binding models in coil, bend, and turn structures are obtained. Model 1 of the three models with the central hydrophobic core (CHC) buried inside the membrane is the dominant binding model. The structural features of the peptide, the peptide-bilayer interacting regions, the intrapeptide interactions, and peptide-water interactions are studied. The binding of the Aβ42 monomer to the POPC/POPS/CHOL bilayer is also explored by coarse-grained (CG) simulations as a complement. Both the AA and CG simulations show that residues in CHC prefer forming interactions with the bilayer, indicating the crucial role of CHC in peptide-bilayer binding. Our results can provide new insights for the investigation of the peptide-bilayer binding mechanism of the Aβ peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Wang
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.,Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Xueguang Shao
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.,Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Wensheng Cai
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.,Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, China
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50
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Koberskaya NN, Roshchin FA. Alzheimer's disease and COVID-19. NEUROLOGY, NEUROPSYCHIATRY, PSYCHOSOMATICS 2022. [DOI: 10.14412/2074-2711-2022-6-89-97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. N. Koberskaya
- Department of Nervous System Diseases and Neurosurgery, N.V. Sklifosovsky Institute of Clinical Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Ministry of Health of Russia; Russian Clinical and Research Center of Gerontology, N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia
| | - F. A. Roshchin
- Department of Nervous System Diseases and Neurosurgery, N.V. Sklifosovsky Institute of Clinical Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Ministry of Health of Russia
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