1
|
Qin X, Tan Y, Ren W, Zhou W, Niu R, Liang L, Li J, Cao K, Wei G, Zhu X, Huang M. Elevated expression of LCN13 through FXR activation ameliorates hepatocellular lipid accumulation and inflammation. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 131:111812. [PMID: 38493698 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lipocalin 13 (LCN13) is a member of the lipocalin family that consists of numerous secretory proteins. LCN13 high-expression has been reported to possess anti-obesity and anti-diabetic effects. Although metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver diseases (MASLD) including metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) are frequently associated with obesity and insulin resistance, the functional role of endogenous LCN13 and the therapeutic effect of LCN13 in MASH and related metabolic deterioration have not been evaluated. METHODS We employed a methionine-choline deficient diet model and MASH cell models to investigate the role of LCN13 in MASH development. We sought to explore the effects of LCN13 on lipid metabolism and inflammation in hepatocytes under PA/OA exposure using Western blotting, real-time RT-PCR, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, hematoxylin and eosin staining, oil red O staining. Using RNA sequencing, chromatin immunoprecipitation assay, and luciferase reporter assays to elucidate whether farnesoid X receptor (FXR) regulates human LCN13 transcription as a transcription factor. RESULTS Our study found that LCN13 was down-regulated in MASH patients, MASH mouse and cell models. LCN13 overexpression in hepatocyte cells significantly inhibited lipid accumulation and inflammation in vitro. Conversely, LCN13 downregulation significantly exacerbated lipid accumulation and inflammatory responses in vivo and in vitro. Mechanistically, we provided the first evidence that LCN13 was transcriptionally activated by FXR, representing a novel direct target gene of FXR. And the key promoter region of LCN13 binds to FXR was also elucidated. We further revealed that LCN13 overexpression via FXR activation ameliorates hepatocellular lipid accumulation and inflammation in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, LCN13-down-regulated mice exhibited aggravated MASH phenotypes, including increased hepatic lipid accumulation and inflammation. CONCLUSION Our findings provide new insight regarding the protective role of LCN13 in MASH development and suggest an innovative therapeutic strategy for treating MASH or related metabolic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xingliang Qin
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), MinisCtry of Education, Guangzhou 510080, China; Research Center for Clinical Laboratory Standard, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yongyao Tan
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), MinisCtry of Education, Guangzhou 510080, China; Research Center for Clinical Laboratory Standard, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Weishu Ren
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), MinisCtry of Education, Guangzhou 510080, China; Research Center for Clinical Laboratory Standard, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Weiwei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), MinisCtry of Education, Guangzhou 510080, China; Research Center for Clinical Laboratory Standard, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Rouxi Niu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Linyue Liang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), MinisCtry of Education, Guangzhou 510080, China; Research Center for Clinical Laboratory Standard, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jinling Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), MinisCtry of Education, Guangzhou 510080, China; Research Center for Clinical Laboratory Standard, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Kaiyuan Cao
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), MinisCtry of Education, Guangzhou 510080, China; Research Center for Clinical Laboratory Standard, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Guohong Wei
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Xun Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), MinisCtry of Education, Guangzhou 510080, China; Research Center for Clinical Laboratory Standard, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; The Third People's Hospital of Zhuhai, Zhuhai 519060, China.
| | - Mingxing Huang
- The Third People's Hospital of Zhuhai, Zhuhai 519060, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chandrasekaran P, Weiskirchen S, Weiskirchen R. Structure, Functions, and Implications of Selected Lipocalins in Human Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4290. [PMID: 38673873 PMCID: PMC11050150 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The lipocalin proteins are a large family of small extracellular proteins that demonstrate significant heterogeneity in sequence similarity and have highly conserved crystal structures. They have a variety of functions, including acting as carrier proteins, transporting retinol, participating in olfaction, and synthesizing prostaglandins. Importantly, they also play a critical role in human diseases, including cancer. Additionally, they are involved in regulating cellular homeostasis and immune response and dispensing various compounds. This comprehensive review provides information on the lipocalin family, including their structure, functions, and implications in various diseases. It focuses on selective important human lipocalin proteins, such as lipocalin 2 (LCN2), retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4), prostaglandin D2 synthase (PTGDS), and α1-microglobulin (A1M).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sabine Weiskirchen
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) University Hospital Aachen, D-52074 Aachen, Germany;
| | - Ralf Weiskirchen
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) University Hospital Aachen, D-52074 Aachen, Germany;
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chen F, Wu SS, Chen C, Zhou C. Dynamic changes and clinical value of lipocalin 2 in liver diseases caused by microbial infections. World J Hepatol 2024; 16:177-185. [PMID: 38495277 PMCID: PMC10941746 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v16.i2.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Lipocalin 2 (LCN2) plays a pivotal role in iron metabolism, particularly in the context of microbial infection resistance (e.g., viruses, bacteria, parasites, etc.). LCN2 combats microbial infection by directly assisting the body in competing with microorganisms for iron, inducing immune cells to secrete various cytokines to enhance systemic immune responses, or recruiting neutrophils to infectious sites. The liver serves as the primary organ for LCN2 secretion during microbial infections. This review encapsulates recent advances in dynamic changes, clinical values, and the effects of LCN2 in infectious liver diseases caused by various microbial microorganisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Shan-Shan Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Chao Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Cheng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Real MVF, Colvin MS, Sheehan MJ, Moeller AH. Major urinary protein ( Mup) gene family deletion drives sex-specific alterations in the house-mouse gut microbiota. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0356623. [PMID: 38170981 PMCID: PMC10846032 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03566-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota is shaped by host metabolism. In house mice (Mus musculus), major urinary protein (MUP) pheromone production represents a considerable energy investment, particularly in sexually mature males. Deletion of the Mup gene family shifts mouse metabolism toward an anabolic state, marked by lipogenesis, lipid accumulation, and body mass increases. Given the metabolic implications of MUPs, they may also influence the gut microbiota. Here, we investigated the effect of a deletion of the Mup gene family on the gut microbiota of sexually mature mice. Shotgun metagenomics revealed distinct taxonomic and functional profiles between wild-type and knockout males but not females. Deletion of the Mup gene cluster significantly reduced diversity in microbial families and functions in male mice. Additionally, a species of Ruminococcaceae and several microbial functions, such as transporters involved in vitamin B5 acquisition, were significantly depleted in the microbiota of Mup knockout males. Altogether, these results show that MUPs significantly affect the gut microbiota of house mouse in a sex-specific manner.IMPORTANCEThe community of microorganisms that inhabits the gastrointestinal tract can have profound effects on host phenotypes. The gut microbiota is in turn shaped by host genes, including those involved with host metabolism. In adult male house mice, expression of the major urinary protein (Mup) gene cluster represents a substantial energy investment, and deletion of the Mup gene family leads to fat accumulation and weight gain in males. We show that deleting Mup genes also alters the gut microbiota of male, but not female, mice in terms of both taxonomic and functional compositions. Male mice without Mup genes harbored fewer gut bacterial families and reduced abundance of a species of Ruminococcaceae, a family that has been previously shown to reduce obesity risk. Studying the impact of the Mup gene family on the gut microbiota has the potential to reveal the ways in which these genes affect host phenotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madalena V. F. Real
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Melanie S. Colvin
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Michael J. Sheehan
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Andrew H. Moeller
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Liu Y, Liu JE, He H, Qin M, Lei H, Meng J, Liu C, Chen X, Luo W, Zhong S. Characterizing the metabolic divide: distinctive metabolites differentiating CAD-T2DM from CAD patients. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2024; 23:14. [PMID: 38184583 PMCID: PMC10771670 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-023-02102-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To delineate the metabolomic differences in plasma samples between patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and those with concomitant CAD and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and to pinpoint distinctive metabolites indicative of T2DM risk. METHOD Plasma samples from CAD and CAD-T2DM patients across three centers underwent comprehensive metabolomic and lipidomic analyses. Multivariate logistic regression was employed to discern the relationship between the identified metabolites and T2DM risk. Characteristic metabolites' metabolic impacts were further probed through hepatocyte cellular experiments. Subsequent transcriptomic analyses elucidated the potential target sites explaining the metabolic actions of these metabolites. RESULTS Metabolomic analysis revealed 192 and 95 significantly altered profiles in the discovery (FDR < 0.05) and validation (P < 0.05) cohorts, respectively, that were associated with T2DM risk in univariate logistic regression. Further multivariate regression analyses identified 22 characteristic metabolites consistently associated with T2DM risk in both cohorts. Notably, pipecolinic acid and L-pipecolic acid, lysine derivatives, exhibited negative association with CAD-T2DM and influenced cellular glucose metabolism in hepatocytes. Transcriptomic insights shed light on potential metabolic action sites of these metabolites. CONCLUSIONS This research underscores the metabolic disparities between CAD and CAD-T2DM patients, spotlighting the protective attributes of pipecolinic acid and L-pipecolic acid. The comprehensive metabolomic and transcriptomic findings provide novel insights into the mechanism research, prophylaxis and treatment of comorbidity of CAD and T2DM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingjian Liu
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, 106 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Ju-E Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, 106 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Huafeng He
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, 106 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Min Qin
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, 106 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Heping Lei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinxiu Meng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Chen Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wenwei Luo
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, 106 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Shilong Zhong
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China.
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, 106 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Willemin G, Mange F, Praz V, Lorrain S, Cousin P, Roger C, Willis IM, Hernandez N. Contrasting effects of whole-body and hepatocyte-specific deletion of the RNA polymerase III repressor Maf1 in the mouse. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1297800. [PMID: 38143800 PMCID: PMC10746880 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1297800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
MAF1 is a nutrient-sensitive, TORC1-regulated repressor of RNA polymerase III (Pol III). MAF1 downregulation leads to increased lipogenesis in Drosophila melanogaster, Caenorhabditis elegans, and mice. However, Maf1 -/- mice are lean as increased lipogenesis is counterbalanced by futile pre-tRNA synthesis and degradation, resulting in increased energy expenditure. We compared Chow-fed Maf1 -/- mice with Chow- or High Fat (HF)-fed Maf1 hep-/- mice that lack MAF1 specifically in hepatocytes. Unlike Maf1 -/- mice, Maf1 hep-/- mice become heavier and fattier than control mice with old age and much earlier under a HF diet. Liver ChIPseq, RNAseq and proteomics analyses indicate increased Pol III occupancy at Pol III genes, very few differences in mRNA accumulation, and protein accumulation changes consistent with increased lipogenesis. Futile pre-tRNA synthesis and degradation in the liver, as likely occurs in Maf1 hep-/- mice, thus seems insufficient to counteract increased lipogenesis. Indeed, RNAseq and metabolite profiling indicate that liver phenotypes of Maf1 -/- mice are strongly influenced by systemic inter-organ communication. Among common changes in the three phenotypically distinct cohorts, Angiogenin downregulation is likely linked to increased Pol III occupancy of tRNA genes in the Angiogenin promoter.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gilles Willemin
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - François Mange
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Viviane Praz
- Lausanne Genomic Technologies Facility, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Séverine Lorrain
- Protein Analysis Facility, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Cousin
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Catherine Roger
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ian M. Willis
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
- Department of Systems and Computational Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Nouria Hernandez
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bond DM, Ortega-Recalde O, Laird MK, Hayakawa T, Richardson KS, Reese FCB, Kyle B, McIsaac-Williams BE, Robertson BC, van Heezik Y, Adams AL, Chang WS, Haase B, Mountcastle J, Driller M, Collins J, Howe K, Go Y, Thibaud-Nissen F, Lister NC, Waters PD, Fedrigo O, Jarvis ED, Gemmell NJ, Alexander A, Hore TA. The admixed brushtail possum genome reveals invasion history in New Zealand and novel imprinted genes. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6364. [PMID: 37848431 PMCID: PMC10582058 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41784-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Combining genome assembly with population and functional genomics can provide valuable insights to development and evolution, as well as tools for species management. Here, we present a chromosome-level genome assembly of the common brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula), a model marsupial threatened in parts of their native range in Australia, but also a major introduced pest in New Zealand. Functional genomics reveals post-natal activation of chemosensory and metabolic genes, reflecting unique adaptations to altricial birth and delayed weaning, a hallmark of marsupial development. Nuclear and mitochondrial analyses trace New Zealand possums to distinct Australian subspecies, which have subsequently hybridised. This admixture allowed phasing of parental alleles genome-wide, ultimately revealing at least four genes with imprinted, parent-specific expression not yet detected in other species (MLH1, EPM2AIP1, UBP1 and GPX7). We find that reprogramming of possum germline imprints, and the wider epigenome, is similar to eutherian mammals except onset occurs after birth. Together, this work is useful for genetic-based control and conservation of possums, and contributes to understanding of the evolution of novel mammalian epigenetic traits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Donna M Bond
- Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | | | - Melanie K Laird
- Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Takashi Hayakawa
- Faculty of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0808, Japan
| | - Kyle S Richardson
- Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Biology Department, University of Montana Western, Dillon, MT, 59725, USA
| | - Finlay C B Reese
- Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Bruce Kyle
- Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | | | | | | | - Amy L Adams
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Wei-Shan Chang
- School of Life and Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Health and Biosecurity, CSIRO, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Bettina Haase
- Vertebrate Genome Laboratory, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Joanna Collins
- Tree of Life, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kerstin Howe
- Tree of Life, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Yasuhiro Go
- Graduate School of Information Science, Hyogo University, Hyogo, Japan
- Cognitive Genomics Research Group, Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Aichi, Japan
- Department of System Neuroscience, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Aichi, Japan
| | - Francoise Thibaud-Nissen
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nicholas C Lister
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Science, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Paul D Waters
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Science, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Olivier Fedrigo
- Vertebrate Genome Laboratory, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Erich D Jarvis
- Vertebrate Genome Laboratory, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics of Language, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815, USA
| | - Neil J Gemmell
- Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Alana Alexander
- Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Timothy A Hore
- Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang R, Chen Y, Chen J, Ma M, Xu M, Liu S. Integration of transcriptomics and metabolomics analysis for unveiling the toxicological profile in the liver of mice exposed to uranium in drinking water. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 335:122296. [PMID: 37536476 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Uranium is a contaminate in the underground water in many regions of the world, which poses health risks to the local populations through drinking water. Although the health hazards of natural uranium have been concerned for decades, the controversies about its detrimental effects continue at present since it is still unclear how uranium interacts with molecular regulatory networks to generate toxicity. Here, we integrate transcriptomic and metabolomic methods to unveil the molecular mechanism of lipid metabolism disorder induced by uranium. Following exposure to uranium in drinking water for twenty-eight days, aberrant lipid metabolism and lipogenesis were found in the liver, accompanied with aggravated lipid peroxidation and an increase in dead cells. Multi-omics analysis reveals that uranium can promote the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids through dysregulating the metabolism of arachidonic acid (AA), linoleic acid, and glycerophospholipid. Most notably, the disordered metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) like AA may contribute to lipid peroxidation induced by uranium, which in turn triggers ferroptosis in hepatocytes. Our findings highlight disorder of lipid metabolism as an essential toxicological mechanism of uranium in the liver, offering insight into the health risks of uranium in drinking water.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruixia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yongjiu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Unit III & Ostomy Service, Gastrointestinal Cancer Center, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Jiahao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Minghao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ming Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Sijin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Le Guillou S, Ciobotaru C, Laubier J, Castille J, Aujean E, Hue-Beauvais C, Cherbuy C, Liuu S, Henry C, David A, Jaffrezic F, Laloë D, Charlier M, Alexandre-Gouabau MC, Le Provost F. Specific Milk Composition of miR-30b Transgenic Mice Associated with Early Duodenum Maturation in Offspring with Lasting Consequences for Growth. J Nutr 2023; 153:2808-2826. [PMID: 37543213 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Milk composition is complex and includes numerous components essential for offspring growth and development. In addition to the high abundance of miR-30b microRNA, milk produced by the transgenic mouse model of miR-30b-mammary deregulation displays a significantly altered fatty acid profile. Moreover, wild-type adopted pups fed miR-30b milk present an early growth defect. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the consequences of miR-30b milk feeding on the duodenal development of wild-type neonates, a prime target of suckled milk, along with comprehensive milk phenotyping. METHODS The duodenums of wild-type pups fed miR-30b milk were extensively characterized at postnatal day (PND)-5, PND-6, and PND-15 using histological, transcriptomic, proteomic, and duodenal permeability analyses and compared with those of pups fed wild-type milk. Milk of miR-30b foster dams collected at mid-lactation was extensively analyzed using proteomic, metabolomic, and lipidomic approaches and hormonal immunoassays. RESULTS At PND-5, wild-type pups fed miR-30b milk showed maturation of their duodenum with 1.5-fold (P < 0.05) and 1.3-fold (P < 0.10) increased expression of Claudin-3 and Claudin-4, respectively, and changes in 8 duodenal proteins (P < 0.10), with an earlier reduction in paracellular and transcellular permeability (183 ng/mL fluorescein sulfonic acid [FSA] and 12 ng/mL horseradish peroxidase [HRP], respectively, compared with 5700 ng/mL FSA and 90 ng/mL HRP in wild-type; P < 0.001). Compared with wild-type milk, miR-30b milk displayed an increase in total lipid (219 g/L compared with 151 g/L; P < 0.05), ceramide (17.6 μM compared with 6.9 μM; P < 0.05), and sphingomyelin concentrations (163.7 μM compared with 76.3 μM; P < 0.05); overexpression of 9 proteins involved in the gut barrier (P < 0.1); and higher insulin and leptin concentrations (1.88 ng/mL and 2.04 ng/mL, respectively, compared with 0.79 ng/mL and 1.06 ng/mL; P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS miR-30b milk displays significant changes in bioactive components associated with neonatal duodenal integrity and maturation, which could be involved in the earlier intestinal closure phenotype of the wild-type pups associated with a lower growth rate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Céline Ciobotaru
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Johann Laubier
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Johan Castille
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Etienne Aujean
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Cathy Hue-Beauvais
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Claire Cherbuy
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, MICALIS Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Sophie Liuu
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, MICALIS Institute, PAPPSO, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Céline Henry
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, MICALIS Institute, PAPPSO, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Agnès David
- Nantes Université, CRNH-OUEST, INRAE, UMR 1280, PhAN, Nantes, France
| | - Florence Jaffrezic
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Denis Laloë
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Madia Charlier
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hoffmann LB, McVicar EA, Harris RV, Collar-Fernández C, Clark MB, Hannan AJ, Pang TY. Increased paternal corticosterone exposure influences offspring behaviour and expression of urinary pheromones. BMC Biol 2023; 21:186. [PMID: 37667240 PMCID: PMC10478242 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-023-01678-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have shown that paternal stress prior to conception can influence the innate behaviours of their offspring. The evolutionary impacts of such intergenerational effects are therefore of considerable interest. Our group previously showed in a model of daily stress that glucocorticoid treatment of adult male mouse breeders prior to conception leads to increased anxiety-related behaviours in male offspring. Here, we aimed to understand the transgenerational effects of paternal stress exposure on the social behaviour of progeny and its potential influence on reproductive success. RESULTS We assessed social parameters including social reward, male attractiveness and social dominance, in the offspring (F1) and grand-offspring (F2). We report that paternal corticosterone treatment was associated with increased display of subordination towards other male mice. Those mice were unexpectedly more attractive to female mice while expressing reduced levels of the key rodent pheromone Darcin, contrary to its conventional role in driving female attraction. We investigated the epigenetic regulation of major urinary protein (Mup) expression by performing the first Oxford Nanopore direct methylation of sperm DNA in a mouse model of stress, but found no differences in Mup genes that could be attributed to corticosterone-treatment. Furthermore, no overt differences of the prefrontal cortex transcriptome were found in F1 offspring, implying that peripheral mechanisms are likely contributing to the phenotypic differences. Interestingly, no phenotypic differences were observed in the F2 grand-offspring. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our findings highlight the potential of moderate paternal stress to affect intergenerational (mal)adaptive responses, informing future studies of adaptiveness in rodents, humans and other species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas B Hoffmann
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Evangeline A McVicar
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Rebekah V Harris
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Coralina Collar-Fernández
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael B Clark
- Centre for Stem Cell Systems, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Anthony J Hannan
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Terence Y Pang
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
- Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Brovkina MV, Chapman MA, Holding ML, Clowney EJ. Emergence and influence of sequence bias in evolutionarily malleable, mammalian tandem arrays. BMC Biol 2023; 21:179. [PMID: 37612705 PMCID: PMC10463633 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-023-01673-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The radiation of mammals at the extinction of the dinosaurs produced a plethora of new forms-as diverse as bats, dolphins, and elephants-in only 10-20 million years. Behind the scenes, adaptation to new niches is accompanied by extensive innovation in large families of genes that allow animals to contact the environment, including chemosensors, xenobiotic enzymes, and immune and barrier proteins. Genes in these "outward-looking" families are allelically diverse among humans and exhibit tissue-specific and sometimes stochastic expression. RESULTS Here, we show that these tandem arrays of outward-looking genes occupy AT-biased isochores and comprise the "tissue-specific" gene class that lack CpG islands in their promoters. Models of mammalian genome evolution have not incorporated the sharply different functions and transcriptional patterns of genes in AT- versus GC-biased regions. To examine the relationship between gene family expansion, sequence content, and allelic diversity, we use population genetic data and comparative analysis. First, we find that AT bias can emerge during evolutionary expansion of gene families in cis. Second, human genes in AT-biased isochores or with GC-poor promoters experience relatively low rates of de novo point mutation today but are enriched for non-synonymous variants. Finally, we find that isochores containing gene clusters exhibit low rates of recombination. CONCLUSIONS Our analyses suggest that tolerance of non-synonymous variation and low recombination are two forces that have produced the depletion of GC bases in outward-facing gene arrays. In turn, high AT content exerts a profound effect on their chromatin organization and transcriptional regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margarita V Brovkina
- Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Margaret A Chapman
- Neurosciences Graduate Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - E Josephine Clowney
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhao H, Wang P, Wang X, Du W, Yang HH, Liu Y, Cui SN, Huang W, Peng T, Chen J, Gao C, Wang Y, Sadayappan S, Ma C, Fan Y, Wang C, Fan GC. Lipocalin 10 is essential for protection against inflammation-triggered vascular leakage by activating LDL receptor-related protein 2-slingshot homologue 1 signalling pathway. Cardiovasc Res 2023; 119:1981-1996. [PMID: 37392461 PMCID: PMC10681662 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvad105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Systemic inflammation occurs commonly during many human disease settings and increases vascular permeability, leading to organ failure, and lethal outcomes. Lipocalin 10 (Lcn10), a poorly characterized member of the lipocalin family, is remarkably altered in the cardiovascular system of human patients with inflammatory conditions. Nonetheless, whether Lcn10 regulates inflammation-induced endothelial permeability remains unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS Systemic inflammation models were induced using mice by injection of endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or caecal ligation and puncture (CLP) surgery. We observed that the expression of Lcn10 was dynamically altered only in endothelial cells (ECs), but not in either fibroblasts or cardiomyocytes isolated from mouse hearts following the LPS challenge or CLP surgery. Using in vitro gain- and loss-of-function approaches and an in vivo global knockout mouse model, we discovered that Lcn10 negatively regulated endothelial permeability upon inflammatory stimuli. Loss of Lcn10 augmented vascular leakage, leading to severe organ damage and higher mortality following LPS challenge, compared to wild-type controls. By contrast, overexpression of Lcn10 in ECs displayed opposite effects. A mechanistic analysis revealed that both endogenous and exogenous elevation of Lcn10 in ECs could activate slingshot homologue 1 (Ssh1)-Cofilin signalling cascade, a key axis known to control actin filament dynamics. Accordingly, a reduced formation of stress fibre and increased generation of cortical actin band were exhibited in Lcn10-ECs, when compared to controls upon endotoxin insults. Furthermore, we identified that Lcn10 interacted with LDL receptor-related protein 2 (LRP2) in ECs, which acted as an upstream factor of the Ssh1-Confilin signalling. Finally, injection of recombinant Lcn10 protein into endotoxic mice showed therapeutic effects against inflammation-induced vascular leakage. CONCLUSION This study identifies Lcn10 as a novel regulator of EC function and illustrates a new link in the Lcn10-LRP2-Ssh1 axis to controlling endothelial barrier integrity. Our findings may provide novel strategies for the treatment of inflammation-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Zhao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0575, USA
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0575, USA
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0575, USA
| | - Wa Du
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Hui-Hui Yang
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0575, USA
| | - Yueying Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0575, USA
| | - Shu-Nan Cui
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0575, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Cancer Hospital, Peking University School of Oncology, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Tianqing Peng
- The Centre for Critical Illness Research, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jing Chen
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Chen Gao
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0575, USA
| | - Yigang Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Sakthivel Sadayappan
- Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Chengen Ma
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yanbo Fan
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Chunting Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Guo-Chang Fan
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0575, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Delcroix V, Mauduit O, Lee HS, Ivanova A, Umazume T, Knox SM, de Paiva CS, Dartt DA, Makarenkova HP. The First Transcriptomic Atlas of the Adult Lacrimal Gland Reveals Epithelial Complexity and Identifies Novel Progenitor Cells in Mice. Cells 2023; 12:1435. [PMID: 37408269 PMCID: PMC10216974 DOI: 10.3390/cells12101435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The lacrimal gland (LG) secretes aqueous tears. Previous studies have provided insights into the cell lineage relationships during tissue morphogenesis. However, little is known about the cell types composing the adult LG and their progenitors. Using scRNAseq, we established the first comprehensive cell atlas of the adult mouse LG to investigate the cell hierarchy, its secretory repertoire, and the sex differences. Our analysis uncovered the complexity of the stromal landscape. Epithelium subclustering revealed myoepithelial cells, acinar subsets, and two novel acinar subpopulations: Tfrchi and Car6hi cells. The ductal compartment contained Wfdc2+ multilayered ducts and an Ltf+ cluster formed by luminal and intercalated duct cells. Kit+ progenitors were identified as: Krt14+ basal ductal cells, Aldh1a1+ cells of Ltf+ ducts, and Sox10+ cells of the Car6hi acinar and Ltf+ epithelial clusters. Lineage tracing experiments revealed that the Sox10+ adult populations contribute to the myoepithelial, acinar, and ductal lineages. Using scRNAseq data, we found that the postnatally developing LG epithelium harbored key features of putative adult progenitors. Finally, we showed that acinar cells produce most of the sex-biased lipocalins and secretoglobins detected in mouse tears. Our study provides a wealth of new data on LG maintenance and identifies the cellular origin of sex-biased tear components.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Delcroix
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; (V.D.); (H.S.L.); (A.I.); (T.U.)
| | - Olivier Mauduit
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; (V.D.); (H.S.L.); (A.I.); (T.U.)
| | - Hyun Soo Lee
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; (V.D.); (H.S.L.); (A.I.); (T.U.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Anastasiia Ivanova
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; (V.D.); (H.S.L.); (A.I.); (T.U.)
| | - Takeshi Umazume
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; (V.D.); (H.S.L.); (A.I.); (T.U.)
| | - Sarah M. Knox
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA;
- Program in Craniofacial Biology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Cintia S. de Paiva
- The Ocular Surface Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Cullen Eye Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Darlene A. Dartt
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA;
| | - Helen P. Makarenkova
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; (V.D.); (H.S.L.); (A.I.); (T.U.)
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Yang HH, Wang X, Li S, Liu Y, Akbar R, Fan GC. Lipocalin family proteins and their diverse roles in cardiovascular disease. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 244:108385. [PMID: 36966973 PMCID: PMC10079643 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
The lipocalin (LCN) family members, a group of small extracellular proteins with 160-180 amino acids in length, can be detected in all kingdoms of life from bacteria to human beings. They are characterized by low similarity of amino acid sequence but highly conserved tertiary structures with an eight-stranded antiparallel β-barrel which forms a cup-shaped ligand binding pocket. In addition to bind small hydrophobic ligands (i.e., fatty acids, odorants, retinoids, and steroids) and transport them to specific cells, lipocalins (LCNs) can interact with specific cell membrane receptors to activate their downstream signaling pathways, and with soluble macromolecules to form the complex. Consequently, LCNs exhibit great functional diversity. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that LCN family proteins exert multiple layers of function in the regulation of many physiological processes and human diseases (i.e., cancers, immune disorders, metabolic disease, neurological/psychiatric disorders, and cardiovascular disease). In this review, we firstly introduce the structural and sequence properties of LCNs. Next, six LCNs including apolipoprotein D (ApoD), ApoM, lipocalin 2 (LCN2), LCN10, retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4), and Lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase (L-PGDS) which have been characterized so far are highlighted for their diagnostic/prognostic values and their potential effects on coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction injury. The roles of these 6 LCNs in cardiac hypertrophy, heart failure, diabetes-induced cardiac disorder, and septic cardiomyopathy are also summarized. Finally, their therapeutic potential for cardiovascular disease is discussed in each section.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Hui Yang
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Siru Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Yueying Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Rubab Akbar
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Guo-Chang Fan
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Infection of Trichinella spiralis Affects the Reproductive Capacity of ICR/CD-1 Male Mice by Reducing the Urine Pheromone Contents and Sperm Quality. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065731. [PMID: 36982803 PMCID: PMC10058773 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Female mice can discriminate the urinary odors of male mice due to their olfactory acuity. Parasitic infection or subclinical infection can decrease the odor attractiveness of male mice and finally lead to aversion or avoidance responses in odor selection for female mice. Trichinella spiralis is a kind of tissue-parasitizing nematode that causes trichinellosis, a zoonotic parasitic disease that spreads throughout the world. However, the reproductive injury caused by Trichinella spiralis infection was not fully revealed. In this study, we explored the effect of Trichinella spiralis infection on the reproductive capacity in ICR/CD-1 male mice. We identified eight volatile compounds in urine by GC-MS analysis, and the results indicated that the contents of dimethyl sulfone, Z-7-tetradecen-1-ol, 6-Hydroxy-6-methyl-3-heptanone and (S)-2-sec-butyl-4,5-dihydrothiazole were significantly downregulated after parasitic infection, which might lead to the reduction of attractiveness of male mice urine to females. On the other hand, parasitic infection decreased sperm quality and downregulated the expression levels of Herc4, Ipo11, and Mrto4, and these genes were strongly related to spermatogenesis. In summary, this study revealed that the reproductive injury caused by Trichinella spiralis infection in ICR/CD-1 male mice could be associated with a decrease in urine pheromone content and sperm quality.
Collapse
|
16
|
Yamaguchi Y, Namgung J, Nagata J, Kawasaki T, Hara A, Todo T, Hiramatsu N. Identification and characterization of lipocalin-type prostaglandin D 2 synthase homologs in the urine of male rockfish. Gene X 2023; 854:147093. [PMID: 36476662 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.147093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Black rockfish (Sebastes schlegelii) and its relatives are viviparous marine fish. Males produce urinary proteins during the copulation season; however, the identity of these proteins was unknown. In this study, we focused on high-molecular-weight urinary proteins (HMWups) in male black rockfish. The HMWups were identified by liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) of urine. In silico analyses of RNA-seq data predicted the tissue distribution of candidate HMWup transcripts and their gene structures. Candidate cDNAs were cloned and a recombinant protein of a major candidate was prepared. Western blotting of urine using an antiserum against the recombinant protein was performed to reconfirm the LC-MS/MS results. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry were employed to validate the prediction by RNA-seq and identify the cells producing HMWups, respectively. LC-MS/MS, in conjunction with Western blotting and cDNA cloning, identified the HMWups as lipocalin-type prostaglandin D2 synthase (l-PGDS) homologs. RNA-seq analyses and qRT-PCR revealed that the l-PGDS homolog transcripts were dominantly expressed in the testis and male kidney; Sertoli cells and epithelial cells in the renal tubules were immunoreactive. These results indicated that major protein components in the urine of male black rockfish are l-PGDS homologs, potentially produced by the renal tubules in the kidney. Male rockfish (genus Sebastes) are thought to release unknown pheromone substances during mating behavior. The knowledge and tools obtained in this study empower research into the role(s) of HMWups in pheromone systems underlying rockfish reproduction. No protein-type teleost pheromone has heretofore been discovered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yo Yamaguchi
- Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, 3-1-1 Minato, Hakodate, Hokkaido 041-8611, Japan
| | - Jin Namgung
- Education & Research Group for Future Strategy of Aquatic Life Industry, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Nagata
- Division of Marine Life Science, Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, 3-1-1 Minato, Hakodate, Hokkaido 041-8611, Japan
| | - Takuma Kawasaki
- Mariculture Fisheries Research Institute, Fisheries Research Department, Hokkaido Research Organization, 1-156-3 Funami, Muroran, Hokkaido 051-0013, Japan
| | - Akihiko Hara
- Division of Marine Life Science, Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, 3-1-1 Minato, Hakodate, Hokkaido 041-8611, Japan
| | - Takashi Todo
- Division of Marine Life Science, Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, 3-1-1 Minato, Hakodate, Hokkaido 041-8611, Japan
| | - Naoshi Hiramatsu
- Division of Marine Life Science, Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, 3-1-1 Minato, Hakodate, Hokkaido 041-8611, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Infection with Cryptosporidium parvum Affects Secondary Sexual Characteristics of Male Mice by Altering the Pheromone Content in Preputial Gland. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13040756. [PMID: 36830543 PMCID: PMC9952591 DOI: 10.3390/ani13040756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The olfactory acuity of female mice allows them to discriminate the urinary odors of males. Parasitic infection can reduce the odor attractiveness of male mice to females and result in female aversion or avoidance responses in odor selection. However, the chemical signaling changes in the pheromone contents produced by the foreskin gland were not fully revealed after parasitic infection. Cryptosporidium parvum (C. parvum) is a common zoonotic intestinal parasite and has a wide range of hosts, including human, domestic animals, and wild animals. In this study, we immunosuppressed ICR/CD-1 male mice by dexamethasone sodium phosphate treatment. After C. parvum infection, physiological indexes such as body weight and organ weight were significantly decreased. Furthermore, the gene expression level of MUP (major urinary protein) in liver and urine were significantly down-regulated, which could be the reason for the decrease in urine attractiveness to females. GC-MS was performed to analyze the changes in the pheromone produced by the preputial gland before and after parasitic infection, and the results indicated that the levels of different pheromones were significantly reduced after parasitic infection. In summary, this study reveals that C. parvum infection damages the secondary sexual characteristics of male ICR/CD-1 male mice and decreases the pheromone content produced by the foreskin gland.
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhou YY, Jin Y, Liu SQ, Xu SL, Huang YX, Xu YS, Shi LG, Wang HB. Genome-wide identification and comparative analysis of lipocalin families in Lepidoptera with an emphasis on Bombyx mori. INSECT SCIENCE 2023; 30:15-30. [PMID: 35343650 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Lipocalins exhibit functional diversity, including roles in retinol transport, invertebrate cryptic coloration, and stress response. However, genome-wide identification and characterization of lipocalin in the insect lineage have not been thoroughly explored. Here, we found that a lineage-specific expansion of the lipocalin genes in Lepidoptera occurred in large part due to tandem duplication events and several lipocalin genes involving insect coloration were expanded more via tandem duplication in butterflies. A comparative analysis of conserved motifs showed both conservation and divergence of lepidopteran lipocalin family protein structures during evolution. We observe dynamic changes in tissue expression preference of paralogs in Bombyx mori, suggesting differential contribution of paralogs to specific organ functions during evolution. Subcellular localization experiments revealed that lipocalins localize to the cytoplasm, nuclear membrane, or nucleus in BmN cells. Moreover, several lipocalin genes exhibited divergent responses to abiotic and biotic stresses, and 1 lipocalin gene was upregulated by 300 fold in B. mori. These results suggest that lipocalins act as signaling components in defense responses by mediating crosstalk between abiotic and biotic stress responses. This study deepens our understanding of the comprehensive characteristics of lipocalins in insects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Yan Zhou
- Department of Economic Zoology, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yue Jin
- Department of Economic Zoology, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuai-Qi Liu
- Department of Economic Zoology, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shi-Liang Xu
- Department of Economic Zoology, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Xin Huang
- Department of Economic Zoology, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Song Xu
- Department of Economic Zoology, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lian-Gen Shi
- Department of Economic Zoology, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hua-Bing Wang
- Department of Economic Zoology, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Component-Resolved Diagnosis Based on a Recombinant Variant of Mus m 1 Lipocalin Allergen. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021193. [PMID: 36674705 PMCID: PMC9862564 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to the Mus m 1 aeroallergen is a significant risk factor for laboratory animal allergy. This allergen, primarily expressed in mouse urine where it is characterized by a marked and dynamic polymorphism, is also present in epithelium and dander. Considering the relevance of sequence/structure assessment in protein antigenic reactivity, we compared the sequence of the variant Mus m 1.0102 to other members of the Mus m 1 allergen, and used Discotope 2.0 to predict conformational epitopes based on its 3D-structure. Conventional diagnosis of mouse allergy is based on serum IgE testing, using an epithelial extract as the antigen source. Given the heterogeneous and variable composition of extracts, we developed an indirect ELISA assay based on the recombinant component Mus m 1.0102. The assay performed with adequate precision and reasonable diagnostic accuracy (AUC = 0.87) compared to a routine clinical diagnostic test that exploits the native allergen. Recombinant Mus m 1.0102 turned out to be a valuable tool to study the fine epitope mapping of specific IgE reactivity to the major allergen responsible for mouse allergy. We believe that advancing in its functional characterization will lead to the standardization of murine lipocalins and to the development of allergen-specific immunotherapy.
Collapse
|
20
|
Gao R, Wang H, Li T, Wang J, Ren Z, Cai N, Ai H, Li S, Lu Y, Zhu Y, Shuai X, He X, Shi G, Chen Y. Secreted MUP1 that reduced under ER stress attenuates ER stress induced insulin resistance through suppressing protein synthesis in hepatocytes. Pharmacol Res 2023; 187:106585. [PMID: 36455814 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Disturbed endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response driven by the excessive lipid accumulation in the liver is a characteristic feature in the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Restoring metabolic homeostasis by targeting ER stress is a potentially therapeutic strategy for NAFLD. Here we aim to identify novel proteins or pathways involved in regulating ER stress response and therapeutic targets for alleviating NAFLD. Proteomic and transcriptomic analysis demonstrated that major urinary proteins (MUPs) were significantly reduced in the livers from NAFLD mouse models. Then we confirmed that MUP1, the major secreted form of MUPs, was reduced at mRNA and protein expression levels in hepatocytes both in vivo and in vitro under ER stress. We further illustrated that MUP1 protein levels in the urine were reduced in mice with NAFLD, which was reversed by GLP-1 receptor agonist treatment. To study the relationship between ER stress and MUP1 biology, our analysis demonstrated that MUP1 was misfolded and trapped in the ER under ER stress in vivo. Interestingly, we discovered that recombinant MUP1 treatment in hepatocytes increased calcium efflux from the ER, which resulted in transient ER stress response, including reduced protein synthesis. These responses facilitated the alleviation of chemical induced ER stress in hepatocytes, which was suggested as "pre-adaptive ER stress". Besides, recombinant MUP1 pretreatment also improved ER stress-induced insulin resistance in hepatocytes. Our findings revealed a novel and critical role of MUP1, and recombinant MUP1 or its potential derivates may serve as a promising therapeutic target for alleviating NAFLD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rong Gao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Mechanistic and Translational Obesity Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Heting Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Mechanistic and Translational Obesity Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Mechanistic and Translational Obesity Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Mechanistic and Translational Obesity Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhitao Ren
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Mechanistic and Translational Obesity Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nan Cai
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Mechanistic and Translational Obesity Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Heying Ai
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Mechanistic and Translational Obesity Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shasha Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Mechanistic and Translational Obesity Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Lu
- Department of Clinical Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanhua Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Mechanistic and Translational Obesity Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xintao Shuai
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Mechanistic and Translational Obesity Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Nanomedicine Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; PCFM Lab of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuemin He
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Mechanistic and Translational Obesity Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guojun Shi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Mechanistic and Translational Obesity Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Nanomedicine Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yanming Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Mechanistic and Translational Obesity Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Nanomedicine Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Sheldon JR, Himmel LE, Kunkle DE, Monteith AJ, Maloney KN, Skaar EP. Lipocalin-2 is an essential component of the innate immune response to Acinetobacter baumannii infection. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010809. [PMID: 36054235 PMCID: PMC9477428 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is an opportunistic pathogen and an emerging global health threat. Within healthcare settings, major presentations of A. baumannii include bloodstream infections and ventilator-associated pneumonia. The increased prevalence of ventilated patients during the COVID-19 pandemic has led to a rise in secondary bacterial pneumonia caused by multidrug resistant (MDR) A. baumannii. Additionally, due to its MDR status and the lack of antimicrobial drugs in the development pipeline, the World Health Organization has designated carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii to be its priority critical pathogen for the development of novel therapeutics. To better inform the design of new treatment options, a comprehensive understanding of how the host contains A. baumannii infection is required. Here, we investigate the innate immune response to A. baumannii by assessing the impact of infection on host gene expression using NanoString technology. The transcriptional profile observed in the A. baumannii infected host is characteristic of Gram-negative bacteremia and reveals expression patterns consistent with the induction of nutritional immunity, a process by which the host exploits the availability of essential nutrient metals to curtail bacterial proliferation. The gene encoding for lipocalin-2 (Lcn2), a siderophore sequestering protein, was the most highly upregulated during A. baumannii bacteremia, of the targets assessed, and corresponds to robust LCN2 expression in tissues. Lcn2-/- mice exhibited distinct organ-specific gene expression changes including increased transcription of genes involved in metal sequestration, such as S100A8 and S100A9, suggesting a potential compensatory mechanism to perturbed metal homeostasis. In vitro, LCN2 inhibits the iron-dependent growth of A. baumannii and induces iron-regulated gene expression. To elucidate the role of LCN2 in infection, WT and Lcn2-/- mice were infected with A. baumannii using both bacteremia and pneumonia models. LCN2 was not required to control bacterial growth during bacteremia but was protective against mortality. In contrast, during pneumonia Lcn2-/- mice had increased bacterial burdens in all organs evaluated, suggesting that LCN2 plays an important role in inhibiting the survival and dissemination of A. baumannii. The control of A. baumannii infection by LCN2 is likely multifactorial, and our results suggest that impairment of iron acquisition by the pathogen is a contributing factor. Modulation of LCN2 expression or modifying the structure of LCN2 to expand upon its ability to sequester siderophores may thus represent feasible avenues for therapeutic development against this pathogen. A lack of therapeutic options has prompted the World Health Organization to designate multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii as its priority critical pathogen for research into new treatment strategies. The mechanisms employed by A. baumannii to cause disease and the host tactics exercised to constrain infection are not fully understood. Here, we further characterize the innate immune response to A. baumannii infection. We identify nutritional immunity, a process where the availability of nutrient metals is exploited to restrain bacterial growth, as being induced during infection. The gene encoding for lipocalin-2 (Lcn2), a protein that can impede iron uptake by bacteria, is highly upregulated in infected mice, and corresponds to robust LCN2 detection in the tissues. We find that LCN2 is crucial to reducing mortality from A. baumannii bacteremia and inhibits dissemination of the pathogen during pneumonia. In wild-type and Lcn2-deficient mice, broader transcriptional profiling reveals expression patterns consistent with the known response to Gram-negative bacteremia. Although the role of LCN2 in infection is likely multifactorial, we find its antimicrobial effects are at least partly exerted by impairing iron acquisition by A. baumannii. Facets of nutritional immunity, such as LCN2, may be exploited as novel therapeutics in combating A. baumannii infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica R. Sheldon
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Lauren E. Himmel
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Dillon E. Kunkle
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Andrew J. Monteith
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - K. Nichole Maloney
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Eric P. Skaar
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Greve S, Kuhn GA, Saenz-de-Juano MD, Ghosh A, von Meyenn F, Giller K. The major urinary protein gene cluster knockout mouse as a novel model for translational metabolism research. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13161. [PMID: 35915220 PMCID: PMC9343454 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17195-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Scientific evidence suggests that not only murine scent communication is regulated by major urinary proteins, but that their expression may also vary in response to metabolism via a yet unknown mechanism. Major urinary proteins are expressed mainly in the liver, showing a sexually dimorphic pattern with substantially higher expression in males. Here, we investigate the metabolic implications of a major urinary protein knockout in twelve-week-old male and female C57BL/6N mice during ad libitum feeding. Despite both sexes of major urinary protein knockout mice displayed numerically increased body weight and visceral adipose tissue proportions compared to sex-matched wildtype mice, the main genotype-specific metabolic differences were observed exclusively in males. Male major urinary protein knockout mice exhibited plasma and hepatic lipid accumulation accompanied by a hepatic transcriptome indicating an activation of lipogenesis. These findings match the higher major urinary protein expression in male compared to female wildtype mice, suggesting a more distinct reduction in energy requirements in male compared to female major urinary protein knockout mice. The observed sex-specific anabolic phenotype confirms a role of major urinary protein in metabolism and, since major urinary proteins are not expressed in humans, suggests the major urinary protein knockout mouse as a potential alternative model for translational metabolism research which needs to be further elucidated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Greve
- Animal Nutrition, ETH Zurich, Universitaetstrasse 2, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gisela A Kuhn
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Leopold-Ruzicka-Weg 4, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Adhideb Ghosh
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolic Epigenetics, ETH Zurich, Schorenstrasse 16, 8603, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Ferdinand von Meyenn
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolic Epigenetics, ETH Zurich, Schorenstrasse 16, 8603, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Katrin Giller
- Animal Nutrition, ETH Zurich, Universitaetstrasse 2, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Feige-Diller J, Herrera-Rivero M, Witten A, Stoll M, Kaiser S, Richter SH, Sachser N. The Impact of Varying Food Availability on Gene Expression in the Liver: Testing the Match-Mismatch Hypothesis. Front Nutr 2022; 9:910762. [PMID: 35859757 PMCID: PMC9289739 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.910762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background During early phases of life, such as prenatal or early postnatal development and adolescence, an organism's phenotype can be shaped by the environmental conditions it experiences. According to the Match-Mismatch hypothesis (MMH), changes to this environment during later life stages can result in a mismatch between the individual's adaptations and the prevailing environmental conditions. Thus, negative consequences in welfare and health can occur. We aimed to test the MMH in the context of food availability, assuming adolescence as a sensitive period of adaptation. Methods We have previously reported a study of the physiological and behavioral effects of match and mismatch conditions of high (ad libitum) and low (90% of ad libitum intake) food availability from adolescence to early adulthood in female C57BL/6J mice (n = 62). Here, we performed RNA-sequencing of the livers of a subset of these animals (n = 16) to test the effects of match and mismatch feeding conditions on the liver transcriptome. Results In general, we found no effect of the match-mismatch situations. Contrarily, the amount of food available during early adulthood (low vs. high) drove the differences we observed in final body weight and gene expression in the liver, regardless of the amount of food available to the animals during adolescence. Many of the differentially expressed genes and the corresponding biological processes found to be overrepresented overlapped, implicating common changes in various domains. These included metabolism, homeostasis, cellular responses to diverse stimuli, transport of bile acids and other molecules, cell differentiation, major urinary proteins, and immunity and inflammation. Conclusions Our previous and present observations found no support for the MMH in the context of low vs high food availability from adolescence to early adulthood in female C57BL/6J mice. However, even small differences of approximately 10% in food availability during early adulthood resulted in physiological and molecular changes with potential beneficial implications for metabolic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janina Feige-Diller
- Department of Behavioral Biology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- DFG RTG EvoPAD, WWU Münster, Münster, Germany
- Janina Feige-Diller
| | - Marisol Herrera-Rivero
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- *Correspondence: Marisol Herrera-Rivero ;
| | - Anika Witten
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Core Facility Genomics, Medical Faculty, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Monika Stoll
- DFG RTG EvoPAD, WWU Münster, Münster, Germany
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Sylvia Kaiser
- Department of Behavioral Biology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - S. Helene Richter
- Department of Behavioral Biology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- DFG RTG EvoPAD, WWU Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Norbert Sachser
- Department of Behavioral Biology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- DFG RTG EvoPAD, WWU Münster, Münster, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Ijichi C, Kondo K, Kobayashi M, Shirasawa A, Shimbo K, Nakata K, Maruyama Y, Ihara Y, Kawato Y, Mannen T, Takeshita R, Kikuchi Y, Saito Y, Yamasoba T. Lipocalin 15 in the olfactory mucus is a biomarker for Bowman's gland activity. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9984. [PMID: 35750866 PMCID: PMC9232505 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13464-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Olfactory mucus contributes to the specific functions of the olfactory mucosa, but the composition and source of mucus proteins have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we used comprehensive proteome analysis and identified lipocalin 15 (LCN15), a human-specific lipocalin family protein, as an abundant component of the olfactory mucus. Western blot analysis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using a newly generated anti-LCN15 antibody showed that LCN15 was concentrated in olfactory mucus samples, but not in respiratory mucus samples. Immunohistochemical staining using anti-LCN15 antibody revealed that LCN15 localized to the cytokeratin 18-positive Bowman's glands of the olfactory cleft mucosa. Quantitative image analysis revealed that the area of LCN15 immunoreactivity along the olfactory cleft mucosa significantly correlated with the area of neuron-specific Protein-Gene Product 9.5 (PGP9.5) immunoreactivity, suggesting that LCN15 is produced in non-degenerated areas of the olfactory neuroepithelium. ELISA demonstrated that the concentration of LCN15 in the mucus was lower in participants with normal olfaction (≥ 50 years) and also tended to be lower in patients with idiopathic olfactory loss (≥ 50 years) than in participants with normal olfaction (< 50 years). Thus, LCN15 may serve as a biomarker for the activity of the Bowman’s glands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiori Ijichi
- Food Products Division, Technology & Solution Development Center, Institute of Food Science and Technologies, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kawasaki, 210-8681, Japan.
| | - Kenji Kondo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.
| | - Masayoshi Kobayashi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, Japan
| | - Ayaka Shirasawa
- Research Institute for Bioscience Products & Fine Chemicals, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Shimbo
- Research Institute for Bioscience Products & Fine Chemicals, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Kunio Nakata
- Research Institute for Bioscience Products & Fine Chemicals, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Yutaka Maruyama
- Food Products Division, Technology & Solution Development Center, Institute of Food Science and Technologies, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kawasaki, 210-8681, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ihara
- Food Products Division, Technology & Solution Development Center, Institute of Food Science and Technologies, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kawasaki, 210-8681, Japan
| | - Yayoi Kawato
- Food Products Division, Technology & Solution Development Center, Institute of Food Science and Technologies, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kawasaki, 210-8681, Japan
| | - Teruhisa Mannen
- Research Institute for Bioscience Products & Fine Chemicals, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Rie Takeshita
- Research Institute for Bioscience Products & Fine Chemicals, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Kikuchi
- Research Institute for Bioscience Products & Fine Chemicals, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Yuki Saito
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Yamasoba
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Li Q, Li Y, Huang W, Wang X, Liu Z, Chen J, Fan Y, Peng T, Sadayappan S, Wang Y, Fan GC. Loss of Lipocalin 10 Exacerbates Diabetes-Induced Cardiomyopathy via Disruption of Nr4a1-Mediated Anti-Inflammatory Response in Macrophages. Front Immunol 2022; 13:930397. [PMID: 35757735 PMCID: PMC9226549 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.930397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic disorders (i.e., hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and hyperinsulinemia) cause increased secretion of inflammatory cytokines/chemokines, leading to gradual loss of cardiac resident macrophage population and increased accumulation of inflammatory monocytes/macrophages in the heart. Such self-perpetuating effect may contribute to the development of cardiomyopathy during diabetes. Recent meta-analysis data reveal that lipocalin 10 (Lcn10) is significantly downregulated in cardiac tissue of patients with heart failure but is increased in the blood of septic patients. However, the functional role of Lcn10 in cardiac inflammation triggered by metabolic disorders has never been investigated. In this study, we demonstrate that the expression of Lcn10 in macrophages was significantly decreased under multiple metabolic stress conditions. Furthermore, Lcn10-null macrophages exhibited pro-inflammatory phenotype in response to inflammation stimuli. Next, using a global Lcn10-knockout (KO) mouse model to induce type-2 diabetes (T2D), we observed that loss of Lcn10 promoted more pro-inflammatory macrophage infiltration into the heart, compared to controls, leading to aggravated insulin resistance and impaired cardiac function. Similarly, adoptive transfer of Lcn10-KO bone marrow cells into X-ray irradiated mice displayed higher ratio of pro-/anti-inflammatory macrophages in the heart and worsened cardiac function than those mice received wild-type (WT) bone marrows upon T2D conditions. Mechanistically, RNA-sequencing analysis showed that Nr4a1, a nuclear receptor known to have potent anti-inflammatory effects, is involved in Lcn10-mediated macrophage activation. Indeed, we found that nuclear translocation of Nr4a1 was disrupted in Lcn10-KO macrophages upon stimulation with LPS + IFNγ. Accordingly, treatment with Cytosporone B (CsnB), an agonist of Nr4a1, attenuated the pro-inflammatory response in Lcn10-null macrophages and partially improved cardiac function in Lcn10-KO diabetic mice. Together, these findings indicate that loss of Lcn10 skews macrophage polarization to pro-inflammatory phenotype and aggravates cardiac dysfunction during type-2 diabetes through the disruption of Nr4a1-mediated anti-inflammatory signaling pathway in macrophages. Therefore, reduction of Lcn10 expression observed in diabetic macrophages may be responsible for the pathogenesis of diabetes-induced cardiac dysfunction. It suggests that Lcn10 might be a potential therapeutic factor for diabetic heart failure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Li
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Yutian Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Zhenling Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Jing Chen
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Yanbo Fan
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Tianqing Peng
- The Centre for Critical Illness Research, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
| | - Sakthivel Sadayappan
- Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Yigang Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Guo-Chang Fan
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Penn DJ, Zala SM, Luzynski KC. Regulation of Sexually Dimorphic Expression of Major Urinary Proteins. Front Physiol 2022; 13:822073. [PMID: 35431992 PMCID: PMC9008510 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.822073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Male house mice excrete large amounts of protein in their urinary scent marks, mainly composed of Major Urinary Proteins (MUPs), and these lipocalins function as pheromones and pheromone carriers. Here, we review studies on sexually dimorphic MUP expression in house mice, including the proximate mechanisms controlling MUP gene expression and their adaptive functions. Males excrete 2 to 8 times more urinary protein than females, though there is enormous variation in gene expression across loci in both sexes. MUP expression is dynamically regulated depending upon a variety of factors. Males regulate MUP expression according to social status, whereas females do not, and males regulate expression depending upon health and condition. Male-biased MUP expression is regulated by pituitary secretion of growth hormone (GH), which binds receptors in the liver, activating the JAK2-STAT5 signaling pathway, chromatin accessibility, and MUP gene transcription. Pulsatile male GH secretion is feminized by several factors, including caloric restriction, microbiota depletion, and aging, which helps explain condition-dependent MUP expression. If MUP production has sex-specific fitness optima, then this should generate sexual antagonism over allelic expression (intra-locus sexual conflict) selectively favoring sexually dimorphic expression. MUPs influence the sexual attractiveness of male urinary odor and increased urinary protein excretion is correlated with the reproductive success of males but not females. This finding could explain the selective maintenance of sexually dimorphic MUP expression. Producing MUPs entails energetic costs, but increased excretion may reduce the net energetic costs and predation risks from male scent marking as well as prolong the release of chemical signals. MUPs may also provide physiological benefits, including regulating metabolic rate and toxin removal, which may have sex-specific effects on survival. A phylogenetic analysis on the origins of male-biased MUP gene expression in Mus musculus suggests that this sexual dimorphism evolved by increasing male MUP expression rather than reducing female expression.
Collapse
|
27
|
Ruiz Tejada Segura ML, Abou Moussa E, Garabello E, Nakahara TS, Makhlouf M, Mathew LS, Wang L, Valle F, Huang SSY, Mainland JD, Caselle M, Osella M, Lorenz S, Reisert J, Logan DW, Malnic B, Scialdone A, Saraiva LR. A 3D transcriptomics atlas of the mouse nose sheds light on the anatomical logic of smell. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110547. [PMID: 35320714 PMCID: PMC8995392 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The sense of smell helps us navigate the environment, but its molecular architecture and underlying logic remain understudied. The spatial location of odorant receptor genes (Olfrs) in the nose is thought to be independent of the structural diversity of the odorants they detect. Using spatial transcriptomics, we create a genome-wide 3D atlas of the mouse olfactory mucosa (OM). Topographic maps of genes differentially expressed in space reveal that both Olfrs and non-Olfrs are distributed in a continuous and overlapping fashion over at least five broad zones in the OM. The spatial locations of Olfrs correlate with the mucus solubility of the odorants they recognize, providing direct evidence for the chromatographic theory of olfaction. This resource resolves the molecular architecture of the mouse OM and will inform future studies on mechanisms underlying Olfr gene choice, axonal pathfinding, patterning of the nervous system, and basic logic for the peripheral representation of smell.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mayra L Ruiz Tejada Segura
- Institute of Epigenetics and Stem Cells, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 21, 81377 München, Germany; Institute of Functional Epigenetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | - Elisa Garabello
- Institute of Epigenetics and Stem Cells, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 21, 81377 München, Germany; Physics Department, University of Turin and INFN, Via P. Giuria 1, 10125 Turin, Italy; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Thiago S Nakahara
- Department of Biochemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Li Wang
- Sidra Medicine, P.O. Box 26999, Doha, Qatar
| | - Filippo Valle
- Physics Department, University of Turin and INFN, Via P. Giuria 1, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | | | - Joel D Mainland
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, 3500 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Michele Caselle
- Physics Department, University of Turin and INFN, Via P. Giuria 1, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Matteo Osella
- Physics Department, University of Turin and INFN, Via P. Giuria 1, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Stephan Lorenz
- Sidra Medicine, P.O. Box 26999, Doha, Qatar; Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Johannes Reisert
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, 3500 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Darren W Logan
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Bettina Malnic
- Department of Biochemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio Scialdone
- Institute of Epigenetics and Stem Cells, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 21, 81377 München, Germany; Institute of Functional Epigenetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Luis R Saraiva
- Sidra Medicine, P.O. Box 26999, Doha, Qatar; Monell Chemical Senses Center, 3500 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, P.O. Box 34110, Doha, Qatar.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Pelosi P, Knoll W. Odorant-binding proteins of mammals. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2022; 97:20-44. [PMID: 34480392 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) of vertebrates belong to the lipocalin superfamily and perform a dual function: solubilizing and ferrying volatile pheromones to the olfactory receptors, and complexing the same molecules in specialized glands and assisting their release into the environment. Within vertebrates, to date they have been reported only in mammals, apart from two studies on amphibians. Based on the small number of OBPs expressed in each species, on their sites of production outside the olfactory area and their presence in biological fluids known to be pheromone carriers, such as urine, saliva and sexual secretions, we conclude that OBPs of mammals are specifically dedicated to pheromonal communication. This assumption is further supported by the observation that some OBPs present in biological secretions are endowed with their own pheromonal activity, adding renewed interest to these proteins. Another novel piece of evidence is the recent discovery that glycosylation and phosphorylation can modulate the binding activity of these proteins, improving their affinity to pheromones and narrowing their specificity. A comparison with insects and other arthropods shows a completely different scenario. While mammalian OBPs are specifically tuned to pheromones, those of insects, which are completely different in sequence and structure, include carriers for general odorants in addition to those dedicated to pheromones. Additionally, whereas mammals adopted a single family of carrier proteins for chemical communication, insects and other arthropods are endowed with several families of semiochemical-binding proteins. Here, we review the literature on the structural and functional properties of vertebrate OBPs, summarize the most interesting new findings and suggest possible exciting future developments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Pelosi
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Biosensor Technologies, Konrad-Lorenz Straße 24, Tulln, 3430, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Knoll
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Biosensor Technologies, Konrad-Lorenz Straße 24, Tulln, 3430, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Virtanen T. Inhalant Mammal-Derived Lipocalin Allergens and the Innate Immunity. FRONTIERS IN ALLERGY 2022; 2:824736. [PMID: 35387007 PMCID: PMC8974866 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2021.824736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
A major part of important mammalian respiratory allergens belongs to the lipocalin family of proteins. By this time, 19 respiratory mammalian lipocalin allergens have been registered in the WHO/IUIS Allergen Nomenclature Database. Originally, lipocalins, small extracellular proteins (molecular mass ca. 20 kDa), were characterized as transport proteins but they are currently known to exert a variety of biological functions. The three-dimensional structure of lipocalins is well-preserved, and lipocalin allergens can exhibit high amino acid identities, in several cases more than 50%. Lipocalins contain an internal ligand-binding site where they can harbor small principally hydrophobic molecules. Another characteristic feature is their capacity to bind to specific cell-surface receptors. In all, the physicochemical properties of lipocalin allergens do not offer any straightforward explanations for their allergenicity. Allergic sensitization begins at epithelial barriers where diverse insults through pattern recognition receptors awaken innate immunity. This front-line response is manifested by epithelial barrier-associated cytokines which together with other components of immunity can initiate the sensitization process. In the following, the crucial factor in allergic sensitization is interleukin (IL)-4 which is needed for stabilizing and promoting the type 2 immune response. The source for IL-4 has been searched widely. Candidates for it may be non-professional antigen-presenting cells, such as basophils or mast cells, as well as CD4+ T cells. The synthesis of IL-4 by CD4+ T cells requires T cell receptor engagement, i.e., the recognition of allergen peptides, which also provides the specificity for sensitization. Lipocalin and innate immunity-associated cell-surface receptors are implicated in facilitating the access of lipocalin allergens into the immune system. However, the significance of this for allergic sensitization is unclear, as the recognition by these receptors has been found to produce conflicting results. As to potential adjuvants associated with mammalian lipocalin allergens, the hydrophobic ligands transported by lipocalins have not been reported to enhance sensitization while it is justified to suppose that lipopolysaccharide plays a role in it. Taken together, type 2 immunity to lipocalin allergens appears to be a harmful immune response resulting from a combination of signals involving both the innate and adaptive immunities.
Collapse
|
30
|
Mindaye ST, Sun C, Esfahani SAZ, Matsui EC, Sheehan MJ, Rabin RL, Slater JE. Diversity and complexity of mouse allergens in urine, house dust, and allergen extracts assessed with an immuno-allergomic approach. Allergy 2021; 76:3723-3732. [PMID: 33864689 DOI: 10.1111/all.14860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mouse allergy is an important cause of indoor asthma and allergic rhinoconjunctivitis. The major mouse allergen, Mus m 1, is a complex of homologous pheromone-binding lipocalins called major urinary proteins (MUPs). METHODS We analyzed the proteome of MUPs in mouse urine, commercial mouse epithelial extracts, and environmental samples using several approaches. These include as follows: two-dimensional electrophoresis and immunoblotting; liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC/HRMS); multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mass spectrometry; and LC/HRMS analysis of glycans at the N-66 residue of MUP3. RESULTS Albumin is predominant in the extracts, while MUPs are predominant in urine. LC/HRMS of 4 mouse allergen extracts revealed surprising heterogeneity. Of 22 known mouse MUPs, only 6 (MUP3, MUP4, MUP5, MUP13, MUP20, and MUP21) could be identified with MRM using unique peptides. Assessment of MUP content in urine, extracts, and dust samples showed good correlation between MRM and other methods working with different detection principles. All 6 identifiable MUPs were found in electrophoretically separated urine bands, but only MUP3 and MUP20 were above LOQ in unseparated mouse urine, and only MUP3, MUP4, and MUP20 were found in mouse epithelial extracts. Glycan heterogeneity was noted among 4 individual inbred mice: of 13 glycan structures detected, 8 were unique to one mouse, and only 2 glycan modifications were present in all 4 mice. CONCLUSIONS Using mass spectrometry and MRM, mouse allergen extracts and urine samples are shown to be complex and heterogeneous. The efficacy and safety of commercial mouse allergen extracts will be improved with better controls of allergen content.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel T. Mindaye
- Laboratory of Immunobiochemistry Division of Bacterial, Parasitic, and Allergenic Products Food and Drug Administration Silver Spring MD USA
| | - Carl Sun
- Laboratory of Immunobiochemistry Division of Bacterial, Parasitic, and Allergenic Products Food and Drug Administration Silver Spring MD USA
| | - Sayyed Amin Zarkesh Esfahani
- Laboratory of Immunobiochemistry Division of Bacterial, Parasitic, and Allergenic Products Food and Drug Administration Silver Spring MD USA
| | - Elizabeth C. Matsui
- Department of Population Health and Pediatrics Dell Medical School The University of Texas at Austin Austin TX USA
| | - Michael J. Sheehan
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior Cornell University Ithaca NY USA
| | - Ronald L. Rabin
- Laboratory of Immunobiochemistry Division of Bacterial, Parasitic, and Allergenic Products Food and Drug Administration Silver Spring MD USA
| | - Jay E. Slater
- Laboratory of Immunobiochemistry Division of Bacterial, Parasitic, and Allergenic Products Food and Drug Administration Silver Spring MD USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Schreiter JS, Kurow LO, Langer S, Steinert M, Massier L. Effects of non-vascularized adipose tissue transplantation on its genetic profile. Adipocyte 2021; 10:131-141. [PMID: 33648423 PMCID: PMC7928050 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2021.1889815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) is recognized as a highly active metabolic and inflammatory tissue. Interestingly, adipose tissue transplantation is widely performed in plastic surgery via lipofilling, yet little is known about the gene alteration of adipocytes after transplantation. We performed an RNA-expression analysis of fat transplants before and after fat transplantation.In C57BL/6 N mice SAT was autologously transplanted. Samples of SAT were analysed before transplantation, 7, and 15 days after transplantation and gene expression profiles were measured.Analysis revealed that lipid metabolism-related genes were downregulated while inflammatory and extracellular matrix related genes were up-regulated 7 and 15 days after transplantation. When comparing gene expression profile 7 days after transplantation to 15 days after transplantation developmental pathways showed most changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - L. O Kurow
- Department of Orthopedics, Traumatology and Plastic Surgery
| | - S Langer
- Department of Orthopedics, Traumatology and Plastic Surgery
| | - M Steinert
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - L Massier
- University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany, Medical Department III – Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Fan C, Huang S, Xiang C, An T, Song Y. Identification of key genes and immune infiltration modulated by CPAP in obstructive sleep apnea by integrated bioinformatics analysis. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0255708. [PMID: 34529670 PMCID: PMC8445487 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) experience partial or complete upper airway collapses during sleep resulting in nocturnal hypoxia-normoxia cycling, and continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is the golden treatment for OSA. Nevertheless, the exact mechanisms of action, especially the transcriptome effect of CPAP on OSA patients, remain elusive. The goal of this study was to evaluate the longitudinal alterations in peripheral blood mononuclear cells transcriptome profiles of OSA patients in order to identify the hub gene and immune response. GSE133601 was downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). We identified black module via weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), the genes in which were correlated significantly with the clinical trait of CPAP treatment. Finally, eleven hub genes (TRAV10, SNORA36A, RPL10, OBP2B, IGLV1-40, H2BC8, ESAM, DNASE1L3, CD22, ANK3, ACP3) were traced and used to construct a random forest model to predict therapeutic efficacy of CPAP in OSA with a good performance with AUC of 0.92. We further studied the immune cells infiltration in OSA patients with CIBERSORT, and monocytes were found to be related with the remission of OSA and partially correlated with the hub genes identified. In conclusion, these key genes and immune infiltration may be of great importance in the remission of OSA and related research of these genes may provide a new therapeutic target for OSA in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Fan
- Department of Geriatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shiyuan Huang
- Department of Geriatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chunhua Xiang
- Department of Geriatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tianhui An
- Department of Geriatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Song
- Department of Geriatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Diez-Hermano S, Ganfornina MD, Skerra A, Gutiérrez G, Sanchez D. An Evolutionary Perspective of the Lipocalin Protein Family. Front Physiol 2021; 12:718983. [PMID: 34497539 PMCID: PMC8420045 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.718983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The protein family of Lipocalins is ubiquitously present throughout the tree of life, with the exception of the phylum Archaea. Phylogenetic relationships of chordate Lipocalins have been proposed in the past based on protein sequence similarities, but their highly divergent primary structures and a shortage of experimental annotations in genome projects have precluded a well-supported hypothesis for their evolution. In this work we propose a novel topology for the phylogenetic tree of chordate Lipocalins, inferred from multiple amino acid sequence alignments. Sixteen jawed vertebrates with fair coverage by genomic sequencing were compared. The selected species span an evolutionary range of ∼400 million years, allowing for a balanced representation of all major vertebrate clades. A consensus phylogenetic tree is proposed following a comparison of sequence-based maximum-likelihood trees and protein structure dendrograms. This new phylogeny suggests an APOD-like common ancestor in early chordates, which gave rise, via whole-genome or tandem duplications, to the six Lipocalins currently present in fish (APOD, RBP4, PTGDS, AMBP, C8G, and APOM). Further gene duplications of APOM and PTGDS resulted in the altogether 15 Lipocalins found in contemporary mammals. Insights into the functional impact of relevant amino acid residues in early diverging Lipocalins are also discussed. These results should foster the experimental exploration of novel functions alongside the identification of new members of the Lipocalin family.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Diez-Hermano
- Departamento de Bioquimica y Biologia Moleculary Fisiologia, Instituto de Biologia y Genetica Molecular, Universidad de Valladolid-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC), Valladolid, Spain
| | - Maria D Ganfornina
- Departamento de Bioquimica y Biologia Moleculary Fisiologia, Instituto de Biologia y Genetica Molecular, Universidad de Valladolid-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC), Valladolid, Spain
| | - Arne Skerra
- Lehrstuhl für Biologische Chemie, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | | | - Diego Sanchez
- Departamento de Bioquimica y Biologia Moleculary Fisiologia, Instituto de Biologia y Genetica Molecular, Universidad de Valladolid-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC), Valladolid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Gong QQ, Dou ZL, Wang X, Zhang KY, Chen H, Gao JG, Sun XY. Epididymal initial segment-specific Cre recombinase activity in Lcn8-Cre knock-in mice. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:6015-6023. [PMID: 34328598 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06604-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sperm acquire the ability to fertilize ova through a complex process of epididymal maturation. To identify the functions of genes expressed in the proximal epididymis, mouse models specific to this region are needed. METHODS AND RESULTS A Lcn8-Cre knock-in mouse line was generated using CRISPR/Cas9 technology. A 37 bp coding sequence of Lcn8 from the ATG start codon was replaced by an NLS-Cre-polyA cassette, resulting in Cre expression and the absence of Lcn8. Epididymal initial segment-specific Cre expression was identified using RT-PCR and western blotting, and the spatial-temporal Cre activity was further confirmed by using the Rosa26tdTomato reporter mice. Immunofluorescence staining showed that active Cre recombinase was present in the principal cells. Histological analyses of sperm and epididymides, and the four-month mating tests, were used to confirm that Cre expression did not affect normal development and male fecundity. CONCLUSIONS The novel Lcn8-Cre mice can be used to establish epididymal initial segment-specific conditional knock-out mouse models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Qian Gong
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhi-Lin Dou
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ke-Yi Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jian-Gang Gao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiao-Yang Sun
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Gong QQ, Wang X, Dou ZL, Zhang KY, Liu XG, Gao JG, Sun XY. A novel mouse line with epididymal initial segment-specific expression of Cre recombinase driven by the endogenous Lcn9 promoter. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0254802. [PMID: 34310634 PMCID: PMC8312960 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Spermatozoa released from testes undergo a maturation process and acquire the capacity to fertilize ova through epididymal transit. The epididymis is divided into four regions, each with unique morphology, gene profile, luminal microenvironment and distinct function. To study the functions of relevant genes in the epididymal initial segment (IS), a novel IS-specific mouse model, Lcn9-Cre knock-in (KI) mouse line was generated via CRISPR/Cas9 technology. The TAG stop codon was replaced by a 2A-NLS-Cre cassette, resulting in the co-expression of Lcn9 and Cre recombinase. IS-specific Cre expression was first observed from postnatal day 17. Using the Rosa26tdTomato reporter mice, the Cre-mediated DNA recombination was detected exclusively in principal cells. The epididymal IS-specific Cre activity in vivo was further confirmed using Lcn9-Cre mice crossed with a mouse strain carrying Tsc1 floxed alleles (Tsc1flox/+). Cre expression did not affect either normal development or male fecundity. Different from any epididymis-specific Cre mice reported previously, the novel Lcn9-Cre mouse line can be used to introduce entire IS-specific conditional gene editing for gene functional study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian-qian Gong
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhi-lin Dou
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ke-yi Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiang-guo Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jian-gang Gao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiao-yang Sun
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Aladhami AK, Unger CA, Ennis SL, Altomare D, Ji H, Hope MC, Velázquez KT, Enos RT. Macrophage tumor necrosis factor-alpha deletion does not protect against obesity-associated metabolic dysfunction. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21665. [PMID: 34131955 PMCID: PMC8716064 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100543rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The pro-inflammatory cytokine, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), has been suggested to be a key factor in the induction of obesity-associated metabolic dysfunction. However, the role that macrophage-derived TNF-α has on regulating metabolic perturbations in obesity is not completely understood. Therefore, we utilized the TNF-αFlox/Flox(F/F) , LyzMcre± mouse model to determine the impact that macrophage TNF-α deletion has on the development of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity. At 10 weeks of age, male littermates were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 groups: TNF-αF/F low-fat diet (TNF-αF/F LFD), TNF-αF/F,LyzMCre LFD, TNF-αF/F HFD, or TNF-αF/F,LyzMCre HFD (n = 16-28/group) and were fed their respective diets for 18 weeks. Body weight was assessed throughout the course of the experiment. Body composition, hepatic lipid accumulation, and metabolic outcomes were also examined. A microarray gene expression experiment was performed from RNA isolated from epididymal adipose tissue of the HFD-fed groups (n = 10/group) and results were verified via qRT-PCR for all groups. Macrophage-derived TNF-α deletion significantly reduced adipose tissue TNF-α gene expression and circulating TNF-α and downregulated genes linked to the toll-like receptor (TLR) and NFκB signaling pathways. However, macrophage TNF-α deletion had no effect on hindering the development of obesity, hepatic lipid accumulation, or improving glucose metabolism or insulin sensitivity. In conclusion, macrophage-derived TNF-α is not a causative factor for the induction of obesity-associated metabolic dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed K. Aladhami
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
- Nursing College, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Christian A. Unger
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Shannon L. Ennis
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Diego Altomare
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, University of South Carolina College of Pharmacy, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Hao Ji
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, University of South Carolina College of Pharmacy, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Marion C. Hope
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Kandy T. Velázquez
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Reilly T. Enos
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Lipocalin 10 as a New Prognostic Biomarker in Sepsis-Induced Myocardial Dysfunction and Mortality: A Pilot Study. Mediators Inflamm 2021; 2021:6616270. [PMID: 34121925 PMCID: PMC8166480 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6616270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction (SIMD) is the most common complications of sepsis and septic shock with extremely high incidence and mortality. Lipocalin 10 (Lcn10) has recently been identified as a potential biomarker for heart failure, yet its relation to sepsis has not been investigated. The purpose of this study was to explore whether circulating Lcn10 could be used as a prognostic tool in patients with SIMD. Methods In this single-center observational pilot study, seventy-five sepsis patients were enrolled after sepsis diagnosis or ICU admission (45.3% female, median age 60 years), and 35 patients (46.7%) developed myocardial dysfunction. Serum Lcn10 levels of septic patients were measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) at the time of admission. Other biomarkers of cardiac function and Lcn10 concentration were compared between SIMD and non-SIMD groups. Results We observed that the median Lcn10 levels were 2.780 ng/mL in patients with SIMD and 2.075 ng/mL in patients without SIMD (P < 0.05). The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for the diagnosis of SIMD was 0.797 (P < 0.05). In addition, elevated serum Lcn10 levels at the time of admission were positively associated with 28-day mortality in septic patients. Conclusions Our study indicates that circulating Lcn10 levels may serve as a novel biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of myocardial dysfunction induced by sepsis. An additional large multicenter study may be warranted to confirm the findings of this study.
Collapse
|
38
|
Villamayor PR, Robledo D, Fernández C, Gullón J, Quintela L, Sánchez-Quinteiro P, Martínez P. Analysis of the vomeronasal organ transcriptome reveals variable gene expression depending on age and function in rabbits. Genomics 2021; 113:2240-2252. [PMID: 34015461 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2021.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The vomeronasal organ (VNO) is a chemosensory organ specialized in pheromone detection that shows a broad morphofunctional and genomic diversity among mammals. However, its expression patterns have only been well-characterized in mice. Here, we provide the first comprehensive RNA sequencing study of the rabbit VNO across gender and sexual maturation stages. We characterized the VNO transcriptome, updating the number and expression of the two main vomeronasal receptor families, including 128 V1Rs and 67 V2Rs. Further, we defined the expression of formyl-peptide receptor and transient receptor potential channel families, both known to have specific roles in the VNO. Several sex hormone-related pathways were consistently enriched in the VNO, highlighting the relevance of this organ in reproduction. Moreover, whereas juvenile and adult VNOs showed significant transcriptome differences, male and female did not. Overall, these results contribute to understand the genomic basis of behavioural responses mediated by the VNO in a non-rodent model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P R Villamayor
- Department of Zoology Genetics and Physical Anthropology, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain; Department of Anatomy, Animal Production and Clinical Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - D Robledo
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, UK
| | - C Fernández
- Department of Zoology Genetics and Physical Anthropology, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - J Gullón
- Conejos Gallegos, COGAL SL, Rodeiro, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - L Quintela
- Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - P Sánchez-Quinteiro
- Department of Anatomy, Animal Production and Clinical Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain.
| | - P Martínez
- Department of Zoology Genetics and Physical Anthropology, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Suzuki O, Koura M, Uchio-Yamada K, Sasaki M. Urinary protein analysis in mice lacking major urinary proteins. Exp Anim 2021; 70:406-411. [PMID: 33883349 PMCID: PMC8390313 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.21-0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mouse urine contains major urinary proteins (MUPs) that are not found in human urine. Therefore, even healthy mice exhibit proteinuria, unlike healthy humans, making it challenging to use mice as models for human diseases. It was also unknown whether dipsticks for urinalysis could measure protein concentrations precisely in urine containing MUPs. To resolve these problems, we produced MUP-knockout (Mup-KO) mice by removing the Mup gene cluster using Cas9 proteins and two guide RNAs and characterized the urinary proteins in these mice. We measured the urinary protein concentrations in Mup-KO and wild-type mice using a protein quantitation kit and dipsticks. We also examined the urinary protein composition using SDS-PAGE and two-dimensional electrophoresis (2DE). The urinary protein concentration was significantly lower (P<0.001) in Mup-KO mice (17.9 ± 1.8 mg/dl, mean ± SD, n=3) than in wild-type mice (73.7 ± 8.2 mg/dl, n=3). This difference was not reflected in the dipstick values, perhaps due to the low sensitivity to MUPs. This suggests that dipsticks have limited ability to measure changes in MUPs with precision. SDS-PAGE and 2DE confirmed that Mup-KO mice, like humans, had no MUPs in their urine, whereas wild-type mice had abundant MUPs in their urine. The absence of the masking effect of MUPs in 2DE would enable clear comparisons of urinary proteins, especially low-molecular-weight proteins. Thus, Mup-KO mice may provide a useful model for human urinalysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Osamu Suzuki
- Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 7-6-8 Saito-Asagi, Ibaraki, Osaka 568-0085, Japan
| | - Minako Koura
- Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 7-6-8 Saito-Asagi, Ibaraki, Osaka 568-0085, Japan
| | - Kozue Uchio-Yamada
- Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 7-6-8 Saito-Asagi, Ibaraki, Osaka 568-0085, Japan
| | - Mitsuho Sasaki
- Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 7-6-8 Saito-Asagi, Ibaraki, Osaka 568-0085, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Wen Z, Liu D, Zhu H, Sun X, Xiao Y, Lin Z, Zhang A, Ye C, Gao J. Deficiency for Lcn8 causes epididymal sperm maturation defects in mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 548:7-13. [PMID: 33631677 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.02.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Lipocalin family members, LCN8 and LCN9, are specifically expressed in the initial segment of mouse caput epididymis. However, the biological functions of the molecules in vivo are yet to be clarified. In this study, CRISPR/Cas9 technology was used to generate Lcn8 and Lcn9 knockout mice, respectively. Lcn8-/- and Lcn9-/- male mice showed normal spermatogenesis and fertility. In the cauda epididymis of Lcn8-/- male mice, morphologically abnormal sperm was increased significantly, the proportion of progressive motility sperm was decreased, the proportion of immobilized sperm was elevated, and the sperm spontaneous acrosome reaction (AR) frequency was increased. Conversely, the knockout of Lcn9 did not have any effect on the ratio of morphologically abnormal sperm, sperm motility, and sperm spontaneous AR frequencies. These results demonstrated the role of LCN8 in maintaining the sperm quality in the epididymis, and suggested that the deficiency of LCN8 leads to epididymal sperm maturation defects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zongzhuang Wen
- School of Life Science and Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Experimental Teratology, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, PR China
| | - Dongyue Liu
- School of Life Science and Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Experimental Teratology, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, PR China
| | - Haixia Zhu
- School of Life Science and Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Experimental Teratology, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, PR China
| | - Xiaoyang Sun
- School of Life Science and Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Experimental Teratology, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, PR China
| | - Yu Xiao
- School of Life Science and Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Experimental Teratology, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, PR China
| | - Zhuchun Lin
- Jinan First People's Hospital, Jinan, 250011, PR China
| | - Aizhen Zhang
- School of Life Science and Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Experimental Teratology, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, PR China
| | - Chao Ye
- School of Life Science and Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Experimental Teratology, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, PR China
| | - Jiangang Gao
- School of Life Science and Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Experimental Teratology, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
A cell-specific regulatory region of the human ABO blood group gene regulates the neighborhood gene encoding odorant binding protein 2B. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7325. [PMID: 33795748 PMCID: PMC8016878 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86843-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The human ABO blood group system is of great importance in blood transfusion and organ transplantation. ABO transcription is known to be regulated by a constitutive promoter in a CpG island and regions for regulation of cell-specific expression such as the downstream + 22.6-kb site for epithelial cells and a site in intron 1 for erythroid cells. Here we investigated whether the + 22.6-kb site might play a role in transcriptional regulation of the gene encoding odorant binding protein 2B (OBP2B), which is located on the centromere side 43.4 kb from the + 22.6-kb site. In the gastric cancer cell line KATOIII, quantitative PCR analysis demonstrated significantly reduced amounts of OBP2B and ABO transcripts in mutant cells with biallelic deletions of the site created using the CRISPR/Cas9 system, relative to those in the wild-type cells, and Western blotting demonstrated a corresponding reduction of OBP2B protein in the mutant cells. Moreover, single-molecule fluorescence in situ hybridization assays indicated that the amounts of both transcripts were correlated in individual cells. These findings suggest that OBP2B could be co-regulated by the + 22.6-kb site of ABO.
Collapse
|
42
|
Robinson R, Youngblood H, Iyer H, Bloom J, Lee TJ, Chang L, Lukowski Z, Zhi W, Sharma A, Sharma S. Diabetes Induced Alterations in Murine Vitreous Proteome Are Mitigated by IL-6 Trans-Signaling Inhibition. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 61:2. [PMID: 32870245 PMCID: PMC7476668 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.61.11.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a microvascular complication caused by prolonged hyperglycemia and characterized by leaky retinal vasculature and ischemia-induced angiogenesis. Vitreous humor is a gel-like biofluid in the posterior segment of the eye between the lens and the retina. Disease-related changes are observed in the biochemical constituents of the vitreous, including proteins and macromolecules. Recently, we found that IL-6 trans-signaling plays a significant role in the vascular leakage and retinal pathology associated with DR. Therefore, in this study, comprehensive proteomic profiling of the murine vitreous was performed to identify diabetes-induced alterations and to determine effects of IL-6 trans-signaling inhibition on these changes. Methods Vitreous samples from mice were collected by evisceration, and proteomic analyses were performed using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Results A total of 154 proteins were identified with high confidence in control mice and were considered to be characteristic of healthy murine vitreous fluid. The levels of 72 vitreous proteins were significantly altered in diabetic mice, including several members of heat shock proteins, 14-3-3 proteins, and tubulins. Alterations in 52 out of 72 proteins in diabetic mice were mitigated by IL-6 trans-signaling inhibition. Conclusions Proteomic analysis of murine vitreous fluid performed in this study provides important information about the changes caused by diabetes in the ocular microenvironment. These diabetes-induced alterations in the murine vitreous proteome were mitigated by IL-6 trans-signaling inhibition. These findings further support that IL-6 trans-signaling may be an important therapeutic target for the treatment of DR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebekah Robinson
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States
| | - Hannah Youngblood
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States
| | - Hersha Iyer
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States
| | - Justin Bloom
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States
| | - Tae Jin Lee
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States
| | - Luke Chang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States
| | - Zachary Lukowski
- Department of Ophthalmology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States
| | - Wenbo Zhi
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States
| | - Ashok Sharma
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States.,Department of Population Health Sciences, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States.,Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States
| | - Shruti Sharma
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States.,Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Subtilase cytotoxin induces a novel form of Lipocalin 2, which promotes Shiga-toxigenic Escherichia coli survival. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18943. [PMID: 33144618 PMCID: PMC7609767 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76027-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Shiga-toxigenic Escherichia coli (STEC) infection causes severe bloody diarrhea, renal failure, and hemolytic uremic syndrome. Recent studies showed global increases in Locus for Enterocyte Effacement (LEE)-negative STEC infection. Some LEE-negative STEC produce Subtilase cytotoxin (SubAB), which cleaves endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperone protein BiP, inducing ER stress and apoptotic cell death. In this study, we report that SubAB induces expression of a novel form of Lipocalin-2 (LCN2), and describe its biological activity and effects on apoptotic cell death. SubAB induced expression of a novel LCN2, which was regulated by PRKR-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase via the C/EBP homologous protein pathway. SubAB-induced novel-sized LCN2 was not secreted into the culture supernatant. Increased intracellular iron level by addition of holo-transferrin or FeCl3 suppressed SubAB-induced PARP cleavage. Normal-sized FLAG-tagged LCN2 suppressed STEC growth, but this effect was not seen in the presence of SubAB- or tunicamycin-induced unglycosylated FLAG-tagged LCN2. Our study demonstrates that SubAB-induced novel-sized LCN2 does not have anti-STEC activity, suggesting that SubAB plays a crucial role in the survival of LEE-negative STEC as well as inducing apoptosis of the host cells.
Collapse
|
44
|
Ducy P. Bone Regulation of Insulin Secretion and Glucose Homeostasis. Endocrinology 2020; 161:5895464. [PMID: 32822470 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqaa149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
For centuries our image of the skeleton has been one of an inert structure playing a supporting role for muscles and a protective role for inner organs like the brain. Cell biology and physiology modified this view in the 20st century by defining the constant interplay between bone-forming and bone resorbing cells that take place during bone growth and remodeling, therefore demonstrating that bone is as alive as any other tissues in the body. During the past 40 years human and, most important, mouse genetics, have allowed not only the refinement of this notion by identifying the many genes and regulatory networks responsible for the crosstalk existing between bone cells, but have redefined the role of bone by showing that its influence goes way beyond its own physiology. Among its newly identified functions is the regulation of energy metabolism by 2 bone-derived hormones, osteocalcin and lipocalin-2. Their biology and respective roles in this process are the topic of this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Ducy
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Zhang Y, Jiang H, Dou S, Zhang B, Qi X, Li J, Zhou Q, Li W, Chen C, Wang Q, Xie L. Comprehensive analysis of differentially expressed microRNAs and mRNAs involved in diabetic corneal neuropathy. Life Sci 2020; 261:118456. [PMID: 32956661 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Corneal nerve fibers are derived from the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal ganglion (TG). Here, by sequencing of microRNAs (miRNAs) and messenger RNAs (mRNAs) from diabetic and normal TG tissues, we aimed to uncover potential miRNAs, mRNAs, and the network of their interactions involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic corneal neuropathy. MAIN METHODS We performed RNA sequencing to systematically screen out differentially expressed miRNAs and mRNAs in TG tissues from diabetic and normal mice. Functional enrichment analyses were performed to illustrate the biological functions of differentially expressed mRNAs (DEmRNAs). Following this, miRNA-mRNA regulatory networks were built by means of bioinformatics methods to suggest regulatory role for miRNAs in the pathogenesis of diabetic corneal neuropathy. Finally, the credibility of the sequencing-based results was validated using qRT-PCR. KEY FINDINGS Sequencing analyses disclosed that 68 miRNAs and 114 mRNAs were differentially expressed in diabetic TG tissues compared with normal TG samples. The functional analyses showed that DEmRNAs participated in diabetes-related biological processes. After applying an optimized approach to predict miRNA-mRNA pairs, a miRNA-mRNA interacting network was inferred. Subsequently, the expression and correlation of miR-350-5p and Mup20, miR-592-5p and Angptl7 as well as miR-351-5p and Elovl6 were preliminarily validated. SIGNIFICANCE Our study provides a systematic characterization of miRNA and mRNA expression in the TG during diabetic corneal neuropathy and will contribute to the development of clinical diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for diabetic corneal neuropathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Hui Jiang
- Qingdao Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao 266071, China; State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Shengqian Dou
- Qingdao Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao 266071, China; State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Qingdao Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao 266071, China; State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xia Qi
- Qingdao Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao 266071, China; State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Qingjun Zhou
- Qingdao Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao 266071, China; State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Weina Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Chen Chen
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Qun Wang
- Qingdao Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao 266071, China; State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Lixin Xie
- Qingdao Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao 266071, China; State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Kim J, Choi A, Kwon YH. Maternal Protein Restriction Altered Insulin Resistance and Inflammation-Associated Gene Expression in Adipose Tissue of Young Adult Mouse Offspring in Response to a High-Fat Diet. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12041103. [PMID: 32316103 PMCID: PMC7230574 DOI: 10.3390/nu12041103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal protein restriction is associated with increased risk of insulin resistance and inflammation in adulthood offspring. Here, we investigated whether maternal protein restriction could alter the risk of metabolic syndrome in postweaning high-fat (HF)-diet-challenged offspring, with focus on epididymal adipose tissue gene expression profile. Female ICR mice were fed a control (C) or a low-protein (LP) diet for two weeks before mating and throughout gestation and lactation, and their male offspring were fed an HF diet for 22 weeks (C/HF and LP/HF groups). A subset of offspring of control dams was fed a low-fat control diet (C/C group). In response to postweaning HF diet, serum insulin level and the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were increased in control offspring. Maternal LP diet decreased HOMA-IR and adipose tissue inflammation, and increased serum adiponectin level in the HF-diet-challenged offspring. Accordingly, functional analysis revealed that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) enriched in cytokine production were downregulated in the LP/HF group compared to the C/HF group. We also observed the several annotated gene ontology terms associated with innate immunity and phagocytosis in down-regulated DEGs between LP/HF and C/C groups. In conclusion, maternal protein restriction alleviated insulin resistance and inflammation in young offspring mice fed a HF diet but may impair development of immune system in offspring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juhae Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (J.K.); (A.C.)
| | - Alee Choi
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (J.K.); (A.C.)
| | - Young Hye Kwon
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (J.K.); (A.C.)
- Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-880-6833
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Patterns of partnership: surveillance and mimicry in host-microbiota mutualisms. Curr Opin Microbiol 2020; 54:87-94. [PMID: 32062152 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2020.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The repertoire of microbial cues monitored by animal and plant tissues encompasses not just molecules but also microbial activities. These include typical pathogen strategies of injuring membranes, degrading cellular material, and scavenging resources. These activities, however, are not exclusive to pathogens. Instead, they characterize the competitive strategies of microbes living in multispecies communities, like those typically found colonizing host tissues. Similar activities are also deployed by host tissues to keep microbes in check. We propose that host surveillance and mimicry of Microbial-Associated Competitive Activities (MACAs), derived from an evolutionary history of living in mixed microbial communities, has shaped contemporary animal and plant tissue programs of defense, repair, metabolism, and development.
Collapse
|
48
|
Apolipoprotein M: Research Progress and Clinical Perspective. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1276:85-103. [PMID: 32705596 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-6082-8_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein M (apoM) was first identified and characterized to the apolipoprotein family in 1999. Human apoM gene is located in a highly conserved segment in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class III locus on chromosome 6 and codes for an about 23 kDa protein that structurally belongs to the lipocalin superfamily. ApoM is selectively expressed in hepatocytes and in the tubular epithelium of kidney. In human plasma, apoM is mainly confined to the high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles, but it may also occur in other lipoprotein classes, such as in the triglyceride-rich particles after fat intake. It has been demonstrated that apoM is critical for the formation of HDL, notably pre-beta HDL1. The antiatherogenic function of HDL is well established, and its ability to promote cholesterol efflux from foam cells in the atherosclerotic lesions is generally regarded as one of the key mechanisms behind this protective function. However, HDL could also display a variety of properties that may affect the complex atherosclerotic processes by other mechanisms, thus being involved in processes related to antioxidant defense, immune system, and systemic effects in septicemia, which may be partly contributed via its apolipoproteins and/or phospholipids. Moreover, it has been demonstrated that apoM functions as a natural carrier of sphingosin-1-phosphate (S1P) in vivo which may be related to its antiatherosclerotic and protective effects on endothelial cell barrier and anti-inflammatory properties. These may also provide a link between the diverse effects of HDL.
Collapse
|
49
|
Ghallab A, Myllys M, H. Holland C, Zaza A, Murad W, Hassan R, A. Ahmed Y, Abbas T, A. Abdelrahim E, Schneider KM, Matz-Soja M, Reinders J, Gebhardt R, Berres ML, Hatting M, Drasdo D, Saez-Rodriguez J, Trautwein C, G. Hengstler J. Influence of Liver Fibrosis on Lobular Zonation. Cells 2019; 8:E1556. [PMID: 31810365 PMCID: PMC6953125 DOI: 10.3390/cells8121556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about how liver fibrosis influences lobular zonation. To address this question, we used three mouse models of liver fibrosis, repeated CCl4 administration for 2, 6 and 12 months to induce pericentral damage, as well as bile duct ligation (21 days) and mdr2-/- mice to study periportal fibrosis. Analyses were performed by RNA-sequencing, immunostaining of zonated proteins and image analysis. RNA-sequencing demonstrated a significant enrichment of pericentral genes among genes downregulated by CCl4; vice versa, periportal genes were enriched among the upregulated genes. Immunostaining showed an almost complete loss of pericentral proteins, such as cytochrome P450 enzymes and glutamine synthetase, while periportal proteins, such as arginase 1 and CPS1 became expressed also in pericentral hepatocytes. This pattern of fibrosis-associated 'periportalization' was consistently observed in all three mouse models and led to complete resistance to hepatotoxic doses of acetaminophen (200 mg/kg). Characterization of the expression response identified the inflammatory pathways TGFβ, NFκB, TNFα, and transcription factors NFKb1, Stat1, Hif1a, Trp53, and Atf1 among those activated, while estrogen-associated pathways, Hnf4a and Hnf1a, were decreased. In conclusion, liver fibrosis leads to strong alterations of lobular zonation, where the pericentral region adopts periportal features. Beside adverse consequences, periportalization supports adaptation to repeated doses of hepatotoxic compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Ghallab
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the Technical University Dortmund, 44139 Dortmund, Germany, (A.Z.); , (J.R.); (D.D.)
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt
| | - Maiju Myllys
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the Technical University Dortmund, 44139 Dortmund, Germany, (A.Z.); , (J.R.); (D.D.)
| | - Christian H. Holland
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Computational Biomedicine, Heidelberg University, Bioquant—Im Neuenheimer Feld 267, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (C.H.H.); (J.S.-R.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Joint Research Centre for Computational Biomedicine (JRC-COMBINE), RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 19, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Ayham Zaza
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the Technical University Dortmund, 44139 Dortmund, Germany, (A.Z.); , (J.R.); (D.D.)
| | - Walaa Murad
- Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt; (W.M.); (T.A.); (E.A.A.)
| | - Reham Hassan
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the Technical University Dortmund, 44139 Dortmund, Germany, (A.Z.); , (J.R.); (D.D.)
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt
| | - Yasser A. Ahmed
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt;
| | - Tahany Abbas
- Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt; (W.M.); (T.A.); (E.A.A.)
| | - Eman A. Abdelrahim
- Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt; (W.M.); (T.A.); (E.A.A.)
| | - Kai Markus Schneider
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (K.M.S.); (M.-L.B.); (M.H.); (C.T.)
| | - Madlen Matz-Soja
- Faculty of Medicine, Rudolf-Schönheimer-Institute of Biochemistry, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (M.M.-S.); (R.G.)
| | - Jörg Reinders
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the Technical University Dortmund, 44139 Dortmund, Germany, (A.Z.); , (J.R.); (D.D.)
| | - Rolf Gebhardt
- Faculty of Medicine, Rudolf-Schönheimer-Institute of Biochemistry, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (M.M.-S.); (R.G.)
| | - Marie-Luise Berres
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (K.M.S.); (M.-L.B.); (M.H.); (C.T.)
| | - Maximilian Hatting
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (K.M.S.); (M.-L.B.); (M.H.); (C.T.)
| | - Dirk Drasdo
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the Technical University Dortmund, 44139 Dortmund, Germany, (A.Z.); , (J.R.); (D.D.)
- Modelling and Analysis for Medical and Biological Applications (MAMBA), Inria Paris & Sorbonne Université LJLL, 2 Rue Simone IFF, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Julio Saez-Rodriguez
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Computational Biomedicine, Heidelberg University, Bioquant—Im Neuenheimer Feld 267, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (C.H.H.); (J.S.-R.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Joint Research Centre for Computational Biomedicine (JRC-COMBINE), RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 19, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Christian Trautwein
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (K.M.S.); (M.-L.B.); (M.H.); (C.T.)
| | - Jan G. Hengstler
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the Technical University Dortmund, 44139 Dortmund, Germany, (A.Z.); , (J.R.); (D.D.)
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Rhyner C, Brüggen MC. What makes an allergen an allergen? Formyl-peptidyl receptor 3 and lipocalins: At the crossroads of T H2 induction. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2019; 145:494-495. [PMID: 31775015 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2019.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Rhyner
- Swiss Institute of Asthma and Allergy Research (SIAF), Davos, Switzerland; Davos BioSciences, Davos, Switzerland.
| | - Marie-Charlotte Brüggen
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Dermatology, Hochgebirgsklinik Davos, Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|