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Shaikh M, Doshi G. Epigenetic aging in major depressive disorder: Clocks, mechanisms and therapeutic perspectives. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 978:176757. [PMID: 38897440 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Depression, a chronic mental disorder characterized by persistent sadness, loss of interest, and difficulty in daily tasks, impacts millions globally with varying treatment options. Antidepressants, despite their long half-life and minimal effectiveness, leave half of patients undertreated, highlighting the need for new therapies to enhance well-being. Epigenetics, which studies genetic changes in gene expression or cellular phenotype without altering the underlying Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) sequence, is explored in this article. This article delves into the intricate relationship between epigenetic mechanisms and depression, shedding light on how environmental stressors, early-life adversity, and genetic predispositions shape gene expression patterns associated with depression. We have also discussed Histone Deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors, which enhance cognitive function and mood regulation in depression. Non-coding RNAs, (ncRNAs) such as Long Non-Coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and micro RNA (miRNAs), are highlighted as potential biomarkers for detecting and monitoring major depressive disorder (MDD). This article also emphasizes the reversible nature of epigenetic modifications and their influence on neuronal growth processes, underscoring the dynamic interplay between genetics, environment, and epigenetics in depression development. It explores the therapeutic potential of targeting epigenetic pathways in treating clinical depression. Additionally, it examines clinical findings related to epigenetic clocks and their role in studying depression and biological aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muqtada Shaikh
- SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, 400 056, India
| | - Gaurav Doshi
- SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, 400 056, India.
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2
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Serravalle L, Trespalacios F, Ellenbogen MA. Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis functioning in offspring of parents with a major affective disorder: a meta-analytic review. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024:10.1007/s00787-024-02553-0. [PMID: 39207496 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-024-02553-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Because the offspring of parents with an affective disorder (OAD) are at high risk for developing mental disorders, and persons with an affective disorder (AD) show dysfunctional hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity, changes in HPA functioning in OAD might be an etiological risk factor that precedes the development of ADs. The primary aim of the meta-analysis was to quantitatively summarize the existing data on different indices of diurnal cortisol in the OAD. The secondary aim was to explore potential moderators of this relation. Following PRISMA guidelines, we included 26 studies (3052 offspring) on diurnal cortisol in our meta-analysis after an initial screening of 3408 articles. Intercept-only and meta-regression models were computed using the robust variance estimation method. Analyses examining mean cortisol levels at discrete timepoints, total cortisol output, and the cortisol rise in response to awakening (CAR) were conducted separately. The results demonstrated that the OAD had higher mean levels of cortisol at different timepoints throughout the day compared to controls (Hedge's g = 0.21). There was evidence of publication bias in studies examining CAR, such that effect sizes were positively biased. The present findings are consistent with a meta-analysis showing elevated cortisol in youth having an AD. Notable limitations across studies include the method of cortisol measurement and assessment of ADs. Altogether, these results highlight the fact that increased cortisol levels may act as a potential neuroendocrine antecedent and/or risk factor for the development of ADs among high risk youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Serravalle
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Research in Human Development, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke W., Montréal, QC, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Florencia Trespalacios
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Research in Human Development, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke W., Montréal, QC, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Mark A Ellenbogen
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Research in Human Development, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke W., Montréal, QC, H4B 1R6, Canada.
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3
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Hettwer MD, Dorfschmidt L, Puhlmann LMC, Jacob LM, Paquola C, Bethlehem RAI, Bullmore ET, Eickhoff SB, Valk SL. Longitudinal variation in resilient psychosocial functioning is associated with ongoing cortical myelination and functional reorganization during adolescence. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6283. [PMID: 39075054 PMCID: PMC11286871 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50292-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Adolescence is a period of dynamic brain remodeling and susceptibility to psychiatric risk factors, mediated by the protracted consolidation of association cortices. Here, we investigated whether longitudinal variation in adolescents' resilience to psychosocial stressors during this vulnerable period is associated with ongoing myeloarchitectural maturation and consolidation of functional networks. We used repeated myelin-sensitive Magnetic Transfer (MT) and resting-state functional neuroimaging (n = 141), and captured adversity exposure by adverse life events, dysfunctional family settings, and socio-economic status at two timepoints, one to two years apart. Development toward more resilient psychosocial functioning was associated with increasing myelination in the anterolateral prefrontal cortex, which showed stabilized functional connectivity. Studying depth-specific intracortical MT profiles and the cortex-wide synchronization of myeloarchitectural maturation, we further observed wide-spread myeloarchitectural reconfiguration of association cortices paralleled by attenuated functional reorganization with increasingly resilient outcomes. Together, resilient/susceptible psychosocial functioning showed considerable intra-individual change associated with multi-modal cortical refinement processes at the local and system-level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meike D Hettwer
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain & Behavior (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany.
- Max Planck School of Cognition, Leipzig, Germany.
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Lena Dorfschmidt
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Lifespan Brain Institute, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lara M C Puhlmann
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research, Mainz, Germany
| | - Linda M Jacob
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Casey Paquola
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain & Behavior (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | | | | | - Simon B Eickhoff
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain & Behavior (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Max Planck School of Cognition, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sofie L Valk
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain & Behavior (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany.
- Max Planck School of Cognition, Leipzig, Germany.
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.
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4
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Yong N, Ren YL, Wang CY, Yang C. Investigation on the Attitude of Middle School Students with Depression in the City Toward Professional Psychological Help-Seeking. Patient Prefer Adherence 2024; 18:1-13. [PMID: 38223438 PMCID: PMC10788049 DOI: 10.2147/ppa.s427335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Many middle school students are depressed due to pressure from family, study, life, and communication. With the increasing depression of middle school students, professional psychological counseling institutions have also become more numerous. Therefore, students need to be guided to correctly recognize difficulties and seek professional psychological assistance. Aim We aimed to investigate the depression status of middle school students in the city and analyze their attitude towards professional psychological help-seeking. Methods A total of 2485 students from two classes of each grade from six middle schools in the city were randomly selected as the research objects. They were subjected to answer the general questionnaire and professional psychological help-seeking attitude questionnaire to analyze their depression status, psychological help-seeking status, and attitude towards professional psychological help-seeking. Results 2485 questionnaires were distributed, and 2205 valid questionnaires were returned. A total of 791 (35.9%) of students had depressive symptoms. The detection rate and depression scores in girls were significantly higher than in boys, and the detection rate in junior high school students in the city was notably higher than in high school students and students from rural areas (P<0.05). Only 31 (3.9%) middle school students with depressive symptoms have sought professional psychological help. The scores of self-cognition, stigma tolerance, interpersonal openness, and trust scores of middle school students with depressive symptoms in help-seeking attitude were significantly lower than those of normal students, while self-stigma scores were significantly higher in those with depressive symptoms (P<0.001). Conclusion Middle school students in the city with depression have a poor attitude towards professional psychological help-seeking. Educators should positively and correctly guide depressed middle school students to seek professional psychological assistance when they need help.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Yong
- Mental Health Center, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, 637000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu-Ling Ren
- Gao Ping Middle School, Nanchong, Sichuan, 637000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chun-Yuan Wang
- Bai ta Middle School, Nanchong, Sichuan, 637000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cong Yang
- Long Men Middle School, Nanchong, Sichuan, 637000, People’s Republic of China
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5
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Xu Y, Li Y, Wang C, Han T, Wu Y, Wang S, Wei J. Clinical value and mechanistic analysis of HIIT on modulating risk and symptoms of depression: A systematic review. Int J Clin Health Psychol 2024; 24:100433. [PMID: 38226005 PMCID: PMC10788816 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijchp.2023.100433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The exact causal mechanisms of depression remain unclear due to the complexity of the triggers, which has led to limitations in treating depression using modern drugs. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is as effective as medication in treating depression without toxic side effects. Typically, HIIT requires less time commitment (i.e., shorter exercise duration) and exhibits pronounced benefits on depressive symptoms than other forms of physical exercise. This review summarizes the risk reduction and clinical effects of HIIT for depression and discusses the underlying mechanisms, providing a theoretical basis for utilizing HIIT in treating depression. Methods A database search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus from inception up to October 2022. The methodological quality of the included literature was evaluated by the physiotherapy evidence database (PEDro) scale criteria. The review focused on evaluating the changes in depression risk or symptoms of HIIT interventions in healthy individuals, patients with depression, and patients with other disorders co-morbid with depression. Consequently, the mechanisms associated with depression related HIIT were summarized. Results A total of 586 participants (52 % female; mean age: 43.58±8.93 years) from 22 studies were included. Implementing HIIT using different exercise types alleviates depressive symptoms in individuals with depression and in individuals with depression who have exhibited comorbidities and reduced depression scale scores in subjects immediately after acute exercise. In addition, the long-interval HIIT and short-interval HIIT in the treatment of patients with cardiovascular or psychiatric disorders may reduce depressive symptoms via complex exercise-related changes on several levels, including by effecting the following measures: releasing monoamines, reducing neuronal death, inducing neurogenesis, modulating the functional homeostasis of the HPA axis, and enhancing the level of inflammation in the body. Conclusion HIIT is a relatively safe and effective antidepressant, which may involve multiple neurobiological mechanisms (release of monoamines, reducing neuronal death, inducing neurogenesis, modulating the functional homeostasis of the HPA axis, and enhancing the level of inflammation in the body), thereby reducing the risk or symptoms of depression in participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Xu
- Institute for Brain Sciences Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Yongjie Li
- Department of rehabilitation medicine, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital Guizhou Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Changqing Wang
- Institute for Brain Sciences Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Tingting Han
- Institute for Brain Sciences Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Hubei Superior Discipline Group of Exercise and Brain Science from Hubei Provincial, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Song Wang
- Hubei Superior Discipline Group of Exercise and Brain Science from Hubei Provincial, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Jianshe Wei
- Institute for Brain Sciences Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
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6
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Handley ED, Rogosch FA, Duprey EB, Russotti J, Cicchetti D. Profiles of diurnal cortisol and DHEA regulation among children: Associations with maltreatment experiences, symptomatology, and positive adaptation. Dev Psychopathol 2023; 35:1614-1626. [PMID: 35635209 PMCID: PMC9708938 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579422000335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Person-centered methods represent an important advance in the simultaneous examination of multiple indicators of neuroendocrine functioning and may facilitate a more nuanced understanding of the impact of child maltreatment on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysregulation. The aims of the present study were threefold: (a) identify naturally occurring patterns of diurnal cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) regulation among a sample of N = 1,258 children with and without histories of maltreatment, (b) investigate which neuroendocrine profiles characterize children with exposure to maltreatment, and (c) examine which profiles are related to adaptive outcomes and symptomatology among children. Cortisol and DHEA were sampled three times per day (9 a.m., 12 p.m., and 4 p.m.) across 5 and 2 days, respectively. Four profiles of cortisol and DHEA regulation were identified. Among females, a pattern marked by high cortisol and low DHEA was associated with more pervasive maltreatment experiences. Furthermore, we found evidence of adaptive interpersonal resilience such that children with maltreatment exposure who evidenced this pattern of high cortisol and low DHEA were viewed as more likeable than maltreated children with other neuroendocrine patterns. Finally, results pointed to higher levels of internalizing symptoms among children who displayed a profile marked by average cortisol and high DHEA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Erinn B. Duprey
- Mt. Hope Family Center, University of Rochester
- University of Rochester Medical Center
| | | | - Dante Cicchetti
- Mt. Hope Family Center, University of Rochester
- University of Minnesota
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7
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Yuan M, Yang B, Rothschild G, Mann JJ, Sanford LD, Tang X, Huang C, Wang C, Zhang W. Epigenetic regulation in major depression and other stress-related disorders: molecular mechanisms, clinical relevance and therapeutic potential. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:309. [PMID: 37644009 PMCID: PMC10465587 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01519-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a chronic, generally episodic and debilitating disease that affects an estimated 300 million people worldwide, but its pathogenesis is poorly understood. The heritability estimate of MDD is 30-40%, suggesting that genetics alone do not account for most of the risk of major depression. Another factor known to associate with MDD involves environmental stressors such as childhood adversity and recent life stress. Recent studies have emerged to show that the biological impact of environmental factors in MDD and other stress-related disorders is mediated by a variety of epigenetic modifications. These epigenetic modification alterations contribute to abnormal neuroendocrine responses, neuroplasticity impairment, neurotransmission and neuroglia dysfunction, which are involved in the pathophysiology of MDD. Furthermore, epigenetic marks have been associated with the diagnosis and treatment of MDD. The evaluation of epigenetic modifications holds promise for further understanding of the heterogeneous etiology and complex phenotypes of MDD, and may identify new therapeutic targets. Here, we review preclinical and clinical epigenetic findings, including DNA methylation, histone modification, noncoding RNA, RNA modification, and chromatin remodeling factor in MDD. In addition, we elaborate on the contribution of these epigenetic mechanisms to the pathological trait variability in depression and discuss how such mechanisms can be exploited for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minlan Yuan
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, the State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Biao Yang
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Gerson Rothschild
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - J John Mann
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology Division, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Larry D Sanford
- Sleep Research Laboratory, Center for Integrative Neuroscience and Inflammatory Diseases, Pathology and Anatomy, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Xiangdong Tang
- Sleep Medicine Center, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Mental Health Center, Translational Neuroscience Center, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Canhua Huang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Chuang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, and Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology in School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, the State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
- West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
- Medical Big Data Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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8
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Wang Y, Shen R. Association of remnant cholesterol with depression among US adults. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:259. [PMID: 37069633 PMCID: PMC10108798 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-04770-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Remnant cholesterol is receiving increasing attention because of its association with various diseases. However, there have been no studies on remnant cholesterol levels and depression. METHODS A cross-sectional analysis was performed based on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005-2016. Depression was assessed using a Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Fasting remnant cholesterol was calculated as the total cholesterol minus high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) minus low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Logistic regression analysis with sampling weights was used to examine the association between remnant cholesterol concentration and depression. RESULTS Among 8,263 adults enrolled in this study (weighted mean age, 45.65 years), 5.88% (weighted percentage) had depression. Compared to the participants without depression, those with depression had higher concentration of remnant cholesterol (weighted mean, 26.13 vs. 23.05, P < 0.001). There was a significant positive relationship between remnant cholesterol concentration and depression and multivariable-adjusted OR with 95% CI was 1.49 (1.02-2.17). Among the subgroup analyses, remnant cholesterol concentration was positively associated with depression among participants less than 60 years (OR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.09-2.42), male (OR, 2.02; 95% CI, 1.01-4.05), BMI under 30 (OR, 1.83; 95% CI, 1.14-2.96), and those with diabetes (OR, 3.88; 95% CI, 1.43-10.49). CONCLUSIONS Remnant cholesterol concentration positively correlated with depression, suggesting that a focus on remnant cholesterol may be useful in the study of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
| | - Ruhua Shen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China.
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Ding R, Su D, Zhao Q, Wang Y, Wang JY, Lv S, Ji X. The role of microRNAs in depression. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1129186. [PMID: 37063278 PMCID: PMC10090555 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1129186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a psychiatric disorder with increasing prevalence worldwide. It is a leading cause of disability and suicide, severely affecting physical and mental health. However, the study of depression remains at an exploratory stage in terms of diagnostics and treatment due to the complexity of its pathogenesis. MicroRNAs are endogenous short-stranded non-coding RNAs capable of binding to the 3’untranslated region of mRNAs. Because of their ability to repress translation process of genes and are found at high levels in brain tissues, investigation of their role in depression has gradually increased recently. This article summarizes recent research progress on the relationship between microRNAs and depression. The microRNAs play a regulatory role in the pathophysiology of depression, involving dysregulation of monoamines, abnormalities in neuroplasticity and neurogenesis, hyperactivity of the HPA axis, and dysregulation of inflammatory responses. These microRNAs might provide new clue for the diagnosis and treatment of MDD, and the development of antidepressant drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruidong Ding
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Dingyuan Su
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Jia-Yi Wang
- San-Quan College, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Shuangyu Lv
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
- *Correspondence: Shuangyu Lv, ; Xinying Ji,
| | - Xinying Ji
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
- Kaifeng Key Laboratory for Infectious Diseases and Biosafety, Kaifeng, Henan, China
- Faculty of Basic Medical Subjects, Shu-Qing Medical College of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- *Correspondence: Shuangyu Lv, ; Xinying Ji,
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Kang D, Dong H, Shen Y, Ou J, Zhao J. The clinical application of Chinese herbal medication to depression: A narrative review. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1120683. [PMID: 36969689 PMCID: PMC10034025 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1120683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression severely impairs psychosocial functioning and quality of life, which places a huge burden on patients and their families. However, the physiological mechanism of depression remains unknown. Treatment with existing antidepressant medications is effective in around 50% of patients according to various studies, but is associated with severe side effects including nausea and headaches. Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) has been approved and widely used for depression as an alternative medicine in Chinese culture for decades. It has certain advantages and potential in the prevention and treatment of depression. In this review, we summarize the currently available evidence for the efficacy of CHM for the treatment of depression and physiological diseases comorbid with depression. We further discuss the possible mechanisms of action of CHM and the relationships to our current understanding of depression. The majority of current evidence has suggested that the combined treatment with CHM and mainstream antidepressants improves the response rate and reduces the side effects, while CHM alone could be more effective than placebo. However, the results should be carefully interpreted due to the shortcomings of existing clinical trials and a high risk of bias in meta-analyses. Our review provides a summary of the current applications and understanding of widely used CHMs for depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyu Kang
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, The China National Clinical Research Center for Mental Health Disorders, National Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Huixi Dong
- Mental Health Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yidong Shen
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, The China National Clinical Research Center for Mental Health Disorders, National Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, China
- *Correspondence: Yidong Shen
| | - Jianjun Ou
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, The China National Clinical Research Center for Mental Health Disorders, National Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Jianjun Ou
| | - Jingping Zhao
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, The China National Clinical Research Center for Mental Health Disorders, National Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Dell’Acqua C, Palomba D, Patron E, Messerotti Benvenuti S. Rethinking the risk for depression using the RDoC: A psychophysiological perspective. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1108275. [PMID: 36814670 PMCID: PMC9939768 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1108275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Considering that the classical categorical approach to mental disorders does not allow a clear identification of at-risk conditions, the dimensional approach provided by the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) is useful in the exploration of vulnerability to psychopathology. In the RDoC era, psychophysiological models have an important role in the reconceptualization of mental disorders. Indeed, progress in the study of depression vulnerability has increasingly been informed by psychophysiological models. By adopting an RDoC lens, this narrative review focuses on how psychophysiological models can be used to advance our knowledge of the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying depression vulnerability. Findings from psychophysiological research that explored multiple RDoC domains in populations at-risk for depression are reviewed and discussed. Future directions for the application of psychophysiological research in reaching a more complete understanding of depression vulnerability and, ultimately, improving clinical utility, are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carola Dell’Acqua
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy,Padova Neuroscience Center (PNC), University of Padua, Padua, Italy,*Correspondence: Carola Dell’Acqua, ✉
| | - Daniela Palomba
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy,Padova Neuroscience Center (PNC), University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Simone Messerotti Benvenuti
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy,Padova Neuroscience Center (PNC), University of Padua, Padua, Italy,Hospital Psychology Unit, Padua University Hospital, Padua, Italy
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Mlili NE, Ahabrach H, Cauli O. Hair Cortisol Concentration as a Biomarker of Symptoms of Depression in the Perinatal Period. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS DRUG TARGETS 2023; 22:71-83. [PMID: 35297354 DOI: 10.2174/1871527321666220316122605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Pregnancy is a sensitive period when women experience major hormonal and psychological changes. A high prevalence of the symptoms of depression and manifested major depression rates have been reported during this period, leading to negative outcomes both for mothers and the offspring. Despite its prevalence, the aetiology of depression is not yet fully understood. Nonetheless, alterations in cortisol levels have been proposed as a reliable biomarker to identify pregnant women at risk of perinatal depression. Hair cortisol has recently been extensively used in bio-psychological studies as a suitable non-invasive biomarker for several neuropsychiatric disorders. Various studies have published evidence regarding the relationship between cortisol fluctuations during the perinatal period, measured both in hair and in other substrates, and the onset of perinatal symptoms of depression. This current review provides an overview of cortisol level changes measured in women's hair during pregnancy or the postpartum period and its association with perinatal symptoms of depression. Further studies, including repetitive measurement of both hair cortisol and depression throughout the prenatal period, must be performed to clarify the relationship between cortisol levels and perinatal symptoms of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisrin El Mlili
- Institut Supérieur des Professions Infirmières et Techniques de Santé (ISPITS), Tetouan, Morocco
- Department of Physiology and Physiopathology, Faculty of Sciences, University Abdelmalek Essâadi, Tetouan, Morocco
| | - Hanan Ahabrach
- Institut Supérieur des Professions Infirmières et Techniques de Santé (ISPITS), Tetouan, Morocco
- Department of Physiology and Physiopathology, Faculty of Sciences, University Abdelmalek Essâadi, Tetouan, Morocco
| | - Omar Cauli
- Department of Nursing, University of Valencia, Valencia 46010, Spain
- Frailty and Cognitive Impairment Group (FROG), University of Valencia, Valencia 46010, Spain
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13
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Ploppert E, Jacob J, Deutsch A, Watanabe S, Gillenwater K, Choe A, Cruz GB, Cabañas E, Vasquez MA, Ayaz Z, Neuwirth LS, Lambert K. Influence of Effort-based Reward Training on Neuroadaptive Cognitive Responses: Implications for Preclinical Behavioral Approaches for Depressive Symptoms. Neuroscience 2022; 500:63-78. [PMID: 35961524 PMCID: PMC9464718 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Despite the presence of multiple pharmacotherapeutic options, incidence rates for depressive disorders continue to rise. Nonpharmacological approaches (e.g., cognitive and behavioral therapies) exhibit encouraging efficacy rates; however, a lack of preclinical models has prevented progress in the identification of relevant neurobiological mechanisms of these approaches. Accordingly, the effort-based reward (EBR) preclinical model exposes rats to response-outcome (R-O) contingencies and provides an opportunity to investigate behavioral clinical approaches. In the current study, male and female rats were assigned to either an EBR contingent- or noncontingent-trained group and exposed to 7 weeks of training. Neuroadaptive cognitive responses were assessed in a cognitive uncertainty task (UT) and an object pattern separation task (OPST). Although no significant effects of EBR were observed in the UT, EBR contingent-trained rats approached the novel panel in the most difficult trial of the OPST faster than the noncontingent-trained group. Additionally, female EBR contingent-trained rats exhibited increased engagement with the novel stimulus panel across all trials. Examination of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the lateral habenula (LHb), a putative neurobiological target for depressive symptoms, revealed lower BDNF immunoreactivity in EBR contingent-trained rats. Females in both training groups exhibited higher dehydroepiandrosterone/cortisol (DHEA/CORT) ratios, suggesting, along with the increased engagement with novel stimulus panels, that female rats may be more responsive to EBR contingency training than males. Together, these results suggest that EBR contingency training offers promise as a preclinical rat model for behavioral therapeutic interventions for depressive symptoms leading to a clearer understanding of putative neurobiological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Ploppert
- Dept of Psychology, University of Richmond, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Joanna Jacob
- Dept of Psychology, University of Richmond, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Ana Deutsch
- Dept of Psychology, University of Richmond, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Sally Watanabe
- Dept of Psychology, University of Richmond, Richmond, VA, USA
| | | | - Alison Choe
- Dept of Psychology, University of Richmond, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - George B Cruz
- Dept of Biology, SUNY Old Westbury, Old Westbury, NY, USA; SUNY Neuroscience Research Institute, Old Westbury, NY, USA
| | - Ericka Cabañas
- Dept of Biology, SUNY Old Westbury, Old Westbury, NY, USA; SUNY Neuroscience Research Institute, Old Westbury, NY, USA
| | - Michelle A Vasquez
- SUNY Neuroscience Research Institute, Old Westbury, NY, USA; Dept Chemistry & Physics, SUNY Old Westbury, Old Westbury, NY, USA
| | - Zaid Ayaz
- Dept of Biology, SUNY Old Westbury, Old Westbury, NY, USA; SUNY Neuroscience Research Institute, Old Westbury, NY, USA
| | - Lorenz S Neuwirth
- SUNY Neuroscience Research Institute, Old Westbury, NY, USA; Dept of Psychology, SUNY Old Westbury, Old Westbury, NY, USA
| | - Kelly Lambert
- Dept of Psychology, University of Richmond, Richmond, VA, USA.
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14
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Effect of early-life stress or fluoxetine exposure on later-life conditioned taste aversion learning in Sprague-Dawley rats. Neurosci Lett 2022; 787:136818. [PMID: 35931277 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2022.136818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In rodents, early-life exposure to environmental stress or antidepressant medication treatment has been shown to induce similar long-term consequences on memory- and depression-related behavior in adulthood. To expand on this line of work, we evaluated how juvenile exposure to chronic variable stress (CVS) or the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor fluoxetine (FLX) influences conditioned taste aversion (CTA) learning in adulthood. To do this, in Experiment 1, we examined how adolescent CVS alone (postnatal day [PND] 35-48), or with prenatal stress (PNS) history (PNS + CVS), influenced the acquisition and extinction of CTA in adult male Sprague Dawley rats. Specifically, at PND70+ (adulthood), rats were presented with 0.15 % saccharin followed by an intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of lithium chloride (LiCl) to induce visceral malaise. A total of four saccharin (conditioned stimulus) and LiCl (unconditioned stimulus) pairings occurred across the CTA acquisition phase. Next, saccharin was presented without aversive consequences, and intake was measured across consecutive days of the extinction phase. No differences in body weight gain across the experimental days, rate of CTA acquisition, or extinction of CTA, were observed among the experimental groups (control, n = 7; CVS, n = 12; PNS + CVS, n = 9). In Experiment 2, we evaluated if early-life FLX exposure alters CTA learning in adulthood. Specifically, adolescent stress naïve male and female rats received FLX (0 or 20 mg/kg/i.p) once daily for 15 consecutive days (PND35-49). During antidepressant exposure, FLX decreased body weight gain in both male (n = 7) and female rats (n = 7), when compared to respective controls (male control, n = 8; female control, n = 8). However, juvenile FLX exposure decreased body weight-gain in adult male, but not female, rats. Lastly, adolescent FLX history had no effect on CTA acquisition or extinction in adulthood (PND70), in neither male nor female rats. Together, the data indicate that juvenile FLX exposure results in a long-term decrease of body weight-gain in a male-specific manner. Yet, independent of sex, neither early-life stress nor FLX exposure alters CTA learning in adulthood.
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15
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Chafkin JE, Yeager DS, O’Brien JM, Lee HY, McAfee CA, Josephs RA. Gonadal and adrenal hormones interact with pubertal maturation to predict depressive symptoms in a group of high-school females. Dev Psychopathol 2022; 34:1064-1078. [PMID: 33436142 PMCID: PMC8275662 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579420001935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Adolescent females are at elevated risk for the development of depression. In this study, we addressed two questions: Are pubertal hormones associated with adolescent mental health? Might this association depend on pubertal development? We tested the hypothesis that estradiol, which has been associated with adolescent social sensitivity, might interact with pubertal stage to predict depression risk at three time points in ninth and tenth grade. Hormones and pubertal development were measured ninth-grade females. Linear regression analyses were used to predict fall ninth-grade (N = 79), spring ninth-grade (N = 76), and spring tenth-grade (N = 67) Children's Depression Inventory (CDI) scores. The hypothesized model was not statistically significant, but exploratory analyses revealed that two- and three-way interactions incorporating estradiol, puberty (stage and perceived onset), and cortisol predicted current and future CDI scores. Our exploratory model did not predict changes in CDI but did account for future (spring of ninth grade) CDI scores. Specifically, estradiol was positively correlated with fall and spring ninth-grade depressive symptoms in participants with high cortisol who also reported earlier stages and later perceived onset of pubertal development. These findings suggest that hormones associated with sensitivity to the social environment deserve consideration in models of adolescent depression risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia E. Chafkin
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, USA
| | - David S. Yeager
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, USA
| | - Joseph M. O’Brien
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, USA
| | - Hae Yeon Lee
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, USA
| | - Ciara A. McAfee
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, USA
| | - Robert A. Josephs
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, USA
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16
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Tighe LA, Birditt KS, Turkelson AE, Sastry N. Under my skin: Parenting behavior and children's cortisol in the Los Angeles family and neighborhood survey. Dev Psychobiol 2022; 64:e22263. [PMID: 35452548 PMCID: PMC9038030 DOI: 10.1002/dev.22263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This study examined links between aspects of parenting behavior and children's cortisol and whether those links varied by child behavioral problems and ethnicity. Participants included children ages 9-15 (N = 159, 75% Latinx) and their primary caregivers from the Los Angeles Family and Neighborhood Survey (L.A.FANS; Wave 2). Children provided saliva upon waking, 30 min after waking, and at bedtime which was analyzed for cortisol. Analyses revealed associations between parenting behavior and cortisol were greater among children who had behavioral problems and these associations were stronger among non-Latinx White children compared to Latinx children. This study moves beyond the current literature by investigating these important associations in a predominately Latinx urban sample of children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren A Tighe
- Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Kira S Birditt
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Angela E Turkelson
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Narayan Sastry
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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17
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Zajkowska Z, Gullett N, Walsh A, Zonca V, Pedersen GA, Souza L, Kieling C, Fisher HL, Kohrt BA, Mondelli V. Cortisol and development of depression in adolescence and young adulthood - a systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2022; 136:105625. [PMID: 34920399 PMCID: PMC8783058 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2021.105625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis has been implicated in the development of major depressive disorder (MDD) in adulthood. Less work has focused on the role of the HPA axis in depression in adolescence and young adulthood globally. The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of worldwide research investigating the relationship between cortisol, a measure of HPA axis activity, and MDD in adolescence and young adulthood. METHOD We searched MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Web of Science, Lilacs, African Journals Online, and Global Health for studies which examined the relationship between cortisol and MDD in global youth (10-24 years old). RESULTS Twenty-six studies were included in the systematic review and 14 were eligible for the meta-analysis, but only one study included young adults in their sample. Results from the meta-analysis demonstrated that elevated morning, but not evening, cortisol levels was prospectively associated with later MDD development in adolescence and young adulthood. However, morning cortisol levels did not significantly differ between healthy controls and individuals with MDD in cross-sectional studies. Afternoon cortisol and cortisol stress response also did not differ between adolescents with MDD and healthy controls. Qualitative synthesis of the three studies examining nocturnal cortisol showed higher nocturnal cortisol was both longitudinally and cross-sectionally associated with MDD in adolescence. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest elevated morning cortisol precedes depression in adolescence. Despite this, we did not find any differences in other cortisol measures in association with MDD in cross-sectional studies. Taken together, these findings suggest that elevated morning and nocturnal cortisol are risk factors for depression in adolescence rather than a biomarker of existing MDD. This supports a role for the hyperactivity of the HPA axis in the development of MDD in adolescence. Most of the studies were from high-income-countries (HICs) and thus further work would need to be conducted in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) to understand if our findings are generalisable also to these populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzanna Zajkowska
- King’s College London, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - Nancy Gullett
- King’s College London, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - Annabel Walsh
- King’s College London, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - Valentina Zonca
- King’s College London, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, UK,Biological Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Gloria A. Pedersen
- Division of Global Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, 2120L St NW, Ste 600, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Laila Souza
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Child & Adolescent Psychiatry Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350 – 400N, Porto Alegre, RS 90035–903, Brazil
| | - Christian Kieling
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Child & Adolescent Psychiatry Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350 – 400N, Porto Alegre, RS 90035–903, Brazil
| | - Helen L. Fisher
- King’s College London, Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, UK,ESRC Centre for Society and Mental Health, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Brandon A. Kohrt
- Division of Global Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, 2120L St NW, Ste 600, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Valeria Mondelli
- King's College London, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, UK; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, King's College London, London, UK.
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18
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Bai G, Qiao Y, Lo PC, Song L, Yang Y, Duan L, Wei S, Li M, Huang S, Zhang B, Wang Q, Yang C. Anti-depressive effects of Jiao-Tai-Wan on CORT-induced depression in mice by inhibiting inflammation and microglia activation. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 283:114717. [PMID: 34627986 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Jiao-Tai-Wan (JTW) is a very famous traditional Chinese medicine formula for the treatment of psychiatric disorders, especially in anxiety, insomnia and depression. However, its molecular mechanism of treatment remains indistinct. AIM OF THE STUDY We aimed to reveal the action mechanism of JTW on anti-depression via inhibiting microglia activation and pro-inflammatory response both in vivo and in vitro. MATERIAL AND METHODS The corticosterone (CORT)-induced depression mouse model was used to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of JTW. Behavioral tests (open field, elevated plus maze, tail suspension and forced swim test) were conducted to evaluate the effect of JTW on depressive-like behaviors. The levels of inflammatory factors and the concentration of neurotransmitters were detected by RT-qPCR or ELISA assays. Then three hippocampal tissue samples per group (Control, CORT, and JTW group) were sent for RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). Transcriptomics data analysis was used to screen the key potential therapeutic targets and signaling pathways of JTW. Based on 8 bioactive species of JTW by our previous study using High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis, molecular docking analyses were used to predict the interaction of JTW-derived compounds and depression targets. Finally, the results of transcriptome and molecular docking analyses were combined to verify the targets, key pathways, and efficacy of JTW treatment in vivo and vitro. RESULTS JTW ameliorated CORT-induced depressive-like behaviors, neuronal damage and enhanced the levels of monoamine neurotransmitters in the serum of mice. JTW also inhibited CORT-induced inflammatory activation of microglia and decreased the serum levels of interleukin- 6(IL-6) and interleukin- 1β (IL-1β) in vivo. Transcriptomic data analysis showed there were 10 key driver analysis (KDA) genes with the strongest correlation which JTW regulated in depression mice. Molecular docking analysis displayed bioactive compound Magnoflorine had the strongest binding force to the key gene colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R), which is the signaling microglia dependent upon for their survival. Meanwhile, CSF1R staining showed it was consistent with inflammatory activation of microglia. Our vitro experiment also showed JTW and CSF1R inhibitor significantly reduced lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/interferon-gamma (IFNɣ)-induced inflammatory activation response in macrophage cells. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that JTW might ameliorate CORT-induced neuronal damage in depression mice by inhibiting CSF1R mediated microglia activation and pro-inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiqin Bai
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
| | - Yiqi Qiao
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
| | - Po-Chieh Lo
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
| | - Lei Song
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
| | - Yuna Yang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China; Laboratory Animal Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
| | - Lining Duan
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China; Clinical Medical College of Acupuncture Moxibustion and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
| | - Sufen Wei
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
| | - Min Li
- Clinical Medical College of Acupuncture Moxibustion and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
| | - Shuiqing Huang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
| | - Beiping Zhang
- Guangdong Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
| | - Qi Wang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
| | - Cong Yang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
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19
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Yrondi A, Colineaux H, Claudet I, Sales de Gauzy J, Huo S, Taib S, Bui E, Birmes P. Prevalence and prediction of PTSD and depression in mothers of children surviving a motor vehicle crash. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2022; 13:2121014. [PMID: 36212115 PMCID: PMC9543172 DOI: 10.1080/20008066.2022.2121014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Few studies have examined the psychopathological consequences for parents of children who were survivors of a motor vehicle crash (MVC). This study assessed the impact of dissociation and peritraumatic distress on the severity of PTSD and post-traumatic major depressive episode (MDE) symptoms in mothers during the first years after the MVC and the role that cortisol response might play in this association. Methods: 125 mothers were included. Peritraumatic distress and dissociation were assessed. Morning salivary cortisol was tested at the baseline. Participants were assessed for a probable diagnosis of PTSD and MDE at 5 weeks, 6 months and 12 months. Results: At 5 weeks, 12 (13.6%) mothers exhibited probable PTSD. During the first year, the PCL score was higher when the (i) Peritraumatic Distress Inventory (PDI) score increased and (ii) the Peritraumatic Dissociation Experience Questionnaire (PDEQ) score increased. Cortisol levels were lower when the PDI score increased. Conclusion: This is the first study to assess the mothers of MVC survivors for one year following the trauma. We confirm that peritraumatic responses are useful for predicting the severity of PTSD symptoms. These results could encourage the implementation of follow-up programmes not only for survivors but also for their mothers. HIGHLIGHTS Mothers of children involved in motor vehicle accident are at risk for developing PTSD.Peritraumatic responses (distress and dissociation) are associated to the severity of PTSD symptoms.Low salivary cortisol levels were associated with high peritraumatic distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Yrondi
- Service de Psychiatrie et de Psychologie Médicale, Centre Expert Dépression Résistante FondaMental, CHU Toulouse, Hopital Purpan, ToNIC, Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Hélène Colineaux
- UMR1027, Université Toulouse III, Inserm, Toulouse, France.,Département d'Epidemiologie, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Isabelle Claudet
- Département des Urgences Pédiatriques, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Jérome Sales de Gauzy
- Département de chirurgie orthopédique, Hopital des enfants, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Samantha Huo
- Département d'Epidemiologie, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Simon Taib
- Toulouse NeuroImaging Centre, University of Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Eric Bui
- Université de Caen Normandie et CHU Caen, Caen, France.,Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Philippe Birmes
- Toulouse NeuroImaging Centre, University of Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, Toulouse, France
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20
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Camargo A, Dalmagro AP, Wolin IAV, Siteneski A, Zeni ALB, Rodrigues ALS. A low-dose combination of ketamine and guanosine counteracts corticosterone-induced depressive-like behavior and hippocampal synaptic impairments via mTORC1 signaling. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 111:110371. [PMID: 34089815 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2021.110371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Ketamine exhibits rapid and sustained antidepressant responses, but its repeated use may cause adverse effects. Augmentation strategies have been postulated to be useful for the management/reduction of ketamine's dose and its adverse effects. Based on the studies that have suggested that ketamine and guanosine may share overlapping mechanisms of action, the present study investigated the antidepressant-like effect of subthreshold doses of ketamine and guanosine in mice subjected to repeated administration of corticosterone (CORT) and the role of mTORC1 signaling for this effect. The ability of the treatment with ketamine (0.1 mg/kg, i.p.) plus guanosine (0.01 mg/kg, p.o.) to counteract the depressive-like behavior induced by CORT (20 mg/kg, p.o., for 21 days) in mice, was paralleled with the prevention of the CORT-induced reduction on BDNF levels, Akt (Ser473) and GSK-3β (Ser9) phosphorylation, and PSD-95, GluA1, and synapsin immunocontent in the hippocampus. No changes on mTORC1 and p70S6K immunocontent were found in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of any experimental group. No alterations on BDNF, Akt/GSK-3β, mTORC1/p70S6K, and synaptic proteins were observed in the prefrontal cortex of mice. The antidepressant-like and pro-synaptogenic effects elicited by ketamine plus guanosine were abolished by the pretreatment with rapamycin (0.2 nmol/site, i.c.v., a selective mTORC1 inhibitor). Our results showed that the combined administration of ketamine and guanosine at low doses counteracted CORT-induced depressive-like behavior and synaptogenic disturbances by activating mTORC1 signaling. This study supports the notion that the combined administration of guanosine and ketamine may be a useful therapeutic strategy for the management of MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anderson Camargo
- Neuroscience Postgraduate Program, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, 88040-900, SC, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, 88040-900, SC, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Dalmagro
- Laboratory of Evaluation of Bioactive Substances, Department of Natural Sciences, Universidade Regional de Blumenau, 89030-903, Blumenau, SC, Brazil
| | - Ingrid A V Wolin
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, 88040-900, SC, Brazil
| | - Aline Siteneski
- Neuroscience Postgraduate Program, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, 88040-900, SC, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, 88040-900, SC, Brazil
| | - Ana Lúcia B Zeni
- Laboratory of Evaluation of Bioactive Substances, Department of Natural Sciences, Universidade Regional de Blumenau, 89030-903, Blumenau, SC, Brazil
| | - Ana Lúcia S Rodrigues
- Neuroscience Postgraduate Program, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, 88040-900, SC, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, 88040-900, SC, Brazil.
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21
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Pedrini L, Rossi R, Magni LR, Lanfredi M, Meloni S, Ferrari C, Macis A, Lopizzo N, Zonca V, Cattaneo A. Emotional Regulation in Teens and Improvement of Constructive Skills (EmoTIConS): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2021; 22:920. [PMID: 34906222 PMCID: PMC8670183 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-021-05886-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emotional dysregulation (ED) constitutes a relevant factor involved in the onset and maintenance of many mental disorders. Targeting ED during adolescence could be a determinant both to identify high-risk individuals and to promote preventive interventions. This study will aim to evaluate the impact of a brief Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT)-based intervention for adolescent students by measuring changes in emotional regulation skills and impulsive behaviors. Moreover, alterations in biological features related to stress response and inflammation will be assessed as potential biological variables associated with ED. METHODS This is a randomized trial. A total of 20 classes of adolescent students will be recruited among high schools in Brescia, a city in northern Italy. They will be randomized to the psychoeducational intervention (experimental group) or to a control condition (control group). The intervention will be based on DBT Skills Training for Emotional Problem Solving for Adolescents, and will consist of four monthly, 2-h sessions (for a total of 8 h) scheduled during regular school time. Participants will be assessed at baseline, post-intervention, and at 3 and 6 months of follow-up. The primary outcome measures will be represented by changes in the use of emotional regulation skills and by changes in the frequency of impulsive behaviors. Salivary samples will be collected at baseline and post-intervention to explore possible biological features underlying ED. DISCUSSION Data from the present project will offer the opportunity to better understand the complex phenomenon of ED. Repeated assessment will cover several domains (emotional, behavioral, social, biological) as potential factors associated with ED. Moreover, it will be possible to establish the effect of the proposed intervention, thus helping to improve knowledge on the impact of school-based universal preventive programs. Finally, the current trial will propose an integrated screening and intervention-based model. Ultimately, this could reduce barriers to youths' mental health care by fostering collaboration between schools and mental health services. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04349709 . Registered on April 16, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Pedrini
- Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy.
| | - Roberta Rossi
- Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Laura Rosa Magni
- Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Mariangela Lanfredi
- Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Serena Meloni
- Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Clarissa Ferrari
- Statistics Service, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Ambra Macis
- Statistics Service, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Nicola Lopizzo
- Biological Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy.,Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Zonca
- Biological Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy.,Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Annamaria Cattaneo
- Biological Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy.,Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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22
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Zajkowska Z. In(s) and out(s) of adolescent depression - Trajectories of development and recovery. Brain Behav Immun Health 2021; 18:100382. [PMID: 34816138 PMCID: PMC8591391 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2021.100382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
While the role of biological markers in understanding major depressive disorder (MDD) in adults have been studied extensively, less has been done to identify the biomarkers of MDD development and recovery in adolescence. With the majority of mental health disorders starting in adolescence, identifying biomarkers of transition and recovery from MDD early in life is critical for developing effective prevention strategies. Considering most of the child and adolescent populations come from low-and-middle-income countries (LMICs), it is vital to focus on adolescent populations in these settings. With most studies coming from high-income countries (HICs), evidence suggests that elevated morning cortisol levels including cortisol awakening response (CAR), increased peripheral inflammation and brain abnormalities such as cortico-limbic dysregulation or blunted activity in reward related regions in response to positive information are associated with MDD and being at-risk for MDD development in adolescence. We also find that some of the biological mechanisms of recovery from MDD, mainly normalisation in the cortico-limbic dysregulation, are reported following psychological therapy, suggesting shared pathways leading to MDD vulnerability and recovery. Although, only a few studies include adolescent populations. Understanding molecular mechanisms through which psychological interventions are effective, as well as molecular markers of transition to depression in individuals at-risk, are important to inform effective prevention and intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzanna Zajkowska
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
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23
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Kolk TA, Nath S, Howard LM, Pawlby S, Lockwood-Estrin G, Trevillion K. The association between maternal lifetime interpersonal trauma experience and perceived mother-infant bonding. J Affect Disord 2021; 294:117-127. [PMID: 34280788 PMCID: PMC8424749 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.06.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interpersonal traumas are common among expectant and new mothers and are found to have considerable impacts on women's mental health. These experiences may disrupt maternal perceptions of the mother-infant relationship, which is essential for healthy infant development, but findings are inconsistent. This study aims to explore associations between lifetime interpersonal traumas and their impact on self-reported mother-infant bonding. METHODS Secondary data analysis of a representative cohort of 453 women attending at a South London maternity service. Lifetime interpersonal trauma experience and its association with self-reported mother-infant bonding (Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire) was assessed in uni- and multivariable linear regressions, the latter adjusted to account for antenatal depressive and posttraumatic symptoms, measured using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Scale, and key sociodemographic risk factors. RESULTS Maternal lifetime trauma was not associated with perceived difficulties in mother-infant bonding at three months postnatal; however antenatal depressive symptoms, both with continuous EPDS score (0.33, 95% CI 0.17-0.50, p<0.001) and clinical cut-off ≥13 (4.26, 95% CI 2.02-6.49, p<0.001) were associated with self-reported bonding difficulties. LIMITATIONS The composite trauma measurement did not allow for a comprehensive assessment of individual trauma types. CONCLUSIONS There was no evidence for a link between maternal lifetime trauma experiences and self-reported bonding difficulties. However, an association between antenatal depressive symptoms and perceived postpartum bonding impairment was found. This highlights the importance of identification and treatment of depressive symptoms during pregnancy and offering women support in facilitating a positive mother-infant relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessel Annejo Kolk
- Section of Women's Mental Health, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK..
| | - Selina Nath
- Section of Women's Mental Health, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Louise Michele Howard
- Section of Women's Mental Health, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Susan Pawlby
- Division of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Georgia Lockwood-Estrin
- Henry Wellcome Building, Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, Birkbeck College, 32 Torrington Square, London WC1E 7JL, UK
| | - Kylee Trevillion
- Section of Women's Mental Health, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK
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24
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Başgöze Z, Wiglesworth A, Carosella KA, Klimes-Dougan B, Cullen KR. Depression, Non-Suicidal Self-Injury, and Suicidality in Adolescents: Common and Distinct Precursors, Correlates, and Outcomes. JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY AND BRAIN SCIENCE 2021; 6:e210018. [PMID: 34734122 PMCID: PMC8562706 DOI: 10.20900/jpbs.20210018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Depression, non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI), and suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STB) often emerge during adolescence. Despite considerable overlap in clinical presentation, risk factors, and implicated neurobiology, there is also evidence for divergence in terms of precursors, correlates, and outcomes. The complex interrelationships amongst these three clinical domains require considering both shared and divergent patterns of risk for depression, NSSI, and STB; a clearer understanding of these developmental trajectories will be needed to guide optimization and tailoring of early interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Başgöze
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA
| | - Andrea Wiglesworth
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | | | | | - Kathryn R. Cullen
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA
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25
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Ma J, Ding J, Hu J, Wang K, Xiao S, Luo T, Yu S, Liu C, Xu Y, Liu Y, Wang C, Guo S, Yang X, Song H, Geng Y, Jin Y, Chen H, Liu C. Children and Adolescents' Psychological Well-Being Became Worse in Heavily Hit Chinese Provinces during the COVID-19 Epidemic. JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY AND BRAIN SCIENCE 2021; 6:e210020. [PMID: 34888418 PMCID: PMC8653505 DOI: 10.20900/jpbs.20210020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In light of the novel coronavirus's (COVID-19's) threat to public health worldwide, we sought to elucidate COVID-19's impacts on the mental health of children and adolescents in China. Through online self-report questionnaires, we aimed to discover the psychological effects of the pandemic and its associated risk factors for developing mental health symptoms in young people. We disseminated a mental health survey through online social media, WeChat, and QQ in the five Chinese provinces with the most confirmed cases of COVID-19 during the late stage of the country-wide lockdown. We used a self-made questionnaire that queried children and adolescents aged 6 to 18 on demographic information, psychological status, and other lifestyle and COVID-related variables. A total of 17,740 children and adolescents with valid survey data participated in the study. 10,022 (56.5%), 11,611 (65.5%), 10,697 (60.3%), 6868 (38.7%), and 6225 (35.1%) participants presented, respectively, more depressive, anxious, compulsive, inattentive, and sleep-related problems compared to before the outbreak of COVID-19. High school students reported a greater change in depression and anxiety than did middle school and primary school students. Despite the fact that very few children (0.1%) or their family members (0.1%) contracted the virus in this study, the psychological impact of the pandemic was clearly profound. Fathers' anxiety appeared to have the strongest influence on a children's psychological symptoms, explaining about 33% of variation in the child's overall symptoms. Other factors only explained less than 2% of the variance in symptoms once parents' anxiety was accounted for. The spread of COVID-19 significantly influenced the psychological state of children and adolescents in participants' view. It is clear that children and adolescents, particularly older adolescents, need mental health support during the pandemic. The risk factors we uncovered suggest that reducing fathers' anxiety is particularly critical to addressing young people's mental health disorders in this time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ma
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Brain Hospital of Hunan Province (School of Clinical Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine), Changsha 410007, Hunan, China
| | - Jun Ding
- Department of Social Work, Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen 518046, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiawen Hu
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Brain Hospital of Hunan Province (School of Clinical Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine), Changsha 410007, Hunan, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Futian hospital for prevention and treatment of chronic disease, Shenzhen 518017, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuaijun Xiao
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Brain Hospital of Hunan Province (School of Clinical Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine), Changsha 410007, Hunan, China
| | - Ting Luo
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Brain Hospital of Hunan Province (School of Clinical Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine), Changsha 410007, Hunan, China
| | - Shuxiang Yu
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Brain Hospital of Hunan Province (School of Clinical Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine), Changsha 410007, Hunan, China
| | - Chuntao Liu
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Brain Hospital of Hunan Province (School of Clinical Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine), Changsha 410007, Hunan, China
| | - Yunxuan Xu
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Brain Hospital of Hunan Province (School of Clinical Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine), Changsha 410007, Hunan, China
| | - Yingxian Liu
- Xiangyifurong Middle School of Changsha, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Changhong Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453099, Henan, China
| | - Suqin Guo
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453099, Henan, China
| | - Xiaohua Yang
- Changsha Changjun Bilingual Experimental Middle School, Changsha 410002, Hunan, China
| | - Haidong Song
- Mental Health Center, Zhejiang University school of Medicine (Hangzhou Seventh People’s Hospital), Hangzhou 310013, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yaoguo Geng
- School of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 45001, Henan, China
| | - Yu Jin
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510970, Guangdong, China
| | - Huayun Chen
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Chunyu Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, SUNY Upstate Medical University, New York, NY 13210, USA
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26
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Song L, Wu X, Wang J, Guan Y, Zhang Y, Gong M, Wang Y, Li B. Antidepressant effect of catalpol on corticosterone-induced depressive-like behavior involves the inhibition of HPA axis hyperactivity, central inflammation and oxidative damage probably via dual regulation of NF-κB and Nrf2. Brain Res Bull 2021; 177:81-91. [PMID: 34500039 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the antidepressant effect and mechanism of catalpol on corticosterone (CORT)-induced depressive-like behavior in mice for the first time. As a result, CORT injection induced depressive-like behaviors of mice in behavioral tests, aggravated the serum CORT, adrenocorticotropic hormone, and corticotropin-releasing hormone levels, and conspicuously elevated the phosphorylations of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) in the hippocampus and frontal cortex, and down-regulated the expression levels of nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). Furthermore, CORT exposure dramatically augmented the levels of inflammatory factors (interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, nitric oxide synthase, and nitric oxide) and lipid peroxidation product malondialdehyde, and attenuated the levels of antioxidants including reduced glutathione, glutathione S-transferase, total superoxide dismutase, and heme oxygenase-1 in the mouse hippocampus and frontal cortex. On the contrary, catalpol administration markedly suppressed the abnormalities of the above indicators. From the overall results, this study displayed that catalpol exerted a beneficial effect on CORT-induced depressive-like behavior in mice possibly via the inhibition of hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis hyperactivity, central inflammation and oxidative damage at least partially through dual regulation of NF-κB and Nrf2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Song
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Xiaohui Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Junming Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China; Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases by Henan & Education Ministry of P.R. China, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
| | - Yuechen Guan
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Yueyue Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Mingzhu Gong
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Yanmei Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Bingyin Li
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
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27
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Arslan SC, Esin IS, Cayır A, Orbak Z, Dursun OB. The Relationship between Psychopathology, Self-esteem, Body Perception and Serum Sex Steroids in Pubertal Gynecomastia. CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE 2021; 19:498-506. [PMID: 34294618 PMCID: PMC8316656 DOI: 10.9758/cpn.2021.19.3.498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Objective The current study aimed to investigate the psychopathology behind gynecomastia and potential associated problems regarding self-esteem and body perception, and the relationships of these variables with sex steroid levels in adolescents with pubertal gynecomastia. Methods The study included 50 normal weight male adolescents aged between 11 and 18 years with gynecomastia but without any chronic organic pathology, and 50 healthy pubertal male adolescents matched for age. The adolescents underwent psychopathology assessment by Development and Well-Being Assessment interviews; self-esteem was assessed using the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale; body perception was evaluated using the Body Image Perception Scale, and the relationship between these variables and sex steroid levels were explored. Results The results of the study revealed that the gynecomastia group had significantly greater internalization disorder (χ2 = 12.96, p < 0.001), and impairments in self-esteem (z = −1.975, p = 0.024) and body perception (z = −2.286, p = 0.022), and these variables were correlated with the gynecomastia stage. In the study group, cortisol levels were significantly higher (z = −2.330, p = 0.02) in adolescents with internalization disorder compared to those without, and cortisol levels increased in parallel with increased gynecomastia duration (r = 0.386, p = 0.006). Conclusion In our study, we found that gynecomastia, depending on its stage, may lead to internalization disorder and impair self-esteem and body perception. It was found that there was no direct relationship between these parameters and sex steroids in pubertal gynecomastia, except for high cortisol levels in adolescents with internalization disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Semiha Comertoglu Arslan
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University Medical Faculty, Kahramanmaras, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Selcuk Esin
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Ataturk University Medical Faculty, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Atilla Cayır
- Department of Child Endocrinology,Training and Research Hospital, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Zerrin Orbak
- Department of Child Endocrinology, Ataturk University Medical Faculty, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Onur Burak Dursun
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Trabzon Kanuni Training and Research Hospital, Trabzon, Turkey
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28
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Klimkiewicz A, Jasionowska J, Schmalenberg A, Klimkiewicz J, Jasińska A, Silczuk A. COVID-19 Pandemic-Related Depression and Insomnia among Psychiatric Patients and the General Population. J Clin Med 2021; 10:3425. [PMID: 34362208 PMCID: PMC8348989 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10153425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic and limited access to healthcare professionals pose a serious risk of worsening mental conditions. This study was designed to examine the changes in symptoms of insomnia and depression during the pandemic as compared to before the pandemic, as well as the factors correlated with abovementioned mental state deterioration. METHODS The study was conducted from 1 April to 15 May 2020, on 212 psychiatric outpatients and 207 healthy controls. Participants completed a survey focused on symptoms during and prior to COVID-19 (the Beck Depression Inventory, the Athens Insomnia Scale). The following correlations were analyzed: demographics, social support, work status, income, and possible participants' and their relatives' COVID-19 diagnoses. RESULTS Insomnia and depression severity intensified during the pandemic in both groups and were associated with age, gender, education, employment, and financial status. No correlations between social support nor becoming sick with COVID-19 and insomnia or depression were observed. Maintaining work and enough money for one's own needs were found to be significant protective factors of depression (OR 0.37 and 0.29, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Exacerbation of insomnia and depression during the pandemic needs to be addressed. Economic crisis seems to influence mental state even more than COVID diagnosis among study subjects/relatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Klimkiewicz
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Warsaw, Nowowiejska St. 27, 00-665 Warsaw, Poland;
- Psychomedic Clinic, Jastrzebowskiego St. 24, 02-783 Warsaw, Poland;
- Nowowiejski Psychiatric Hospital, Nowowiejska St. 27, 00-665 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Joanna Jasionowska
- Nowowiejski Psychiatric Hospital, Nowowiejska St. 27, 00-665 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Adrianna Schmalenberg
- Psychomedic Clinic, Jastrzebowskiego St. 24, 02-783 Warsaw, Poland;
- Department of Psychology, SWPS University, Chodakowska St. 19/31, 03-815 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jakub Klimkiewicz
- Military Institute of Medicine, Szaserow St. 128, 04-141 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agata Jasińska
- Department of Science and Technology Transfer, Medical University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury St. 61, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Andrzej Silczuk
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Addiction Prevention and Treatment Team, Sobieskiego St. 9, 02-957 Warsaw, Poland;
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29
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Zhu Y, Han X, Li X, Qin Y, Rang Y, Zhai X, Lu Y. Quantitation of six steroid hormones by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in plasma and prefrontal cortex samples from rats with chronic unpredictable mild stress-induced depression. Biomed Chromatogr 2021; 35:e5200. [PMID: 34128243 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Steroid hormones such as glucocorticoids and their metabolites are closely related to mental diseases and neuroendocrine diseases. Quantitative analysis of these substances will help in understanding their roles in related research fields. In this study, an ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method was developed to detect the concentration of corticosterone (CORT) and its metabolites, progesterone (PROG) and testosterone in rat plasma and prefrontal cortex (PFC), and was applied to investigate the changes in hormones in rats with depression induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS). The method was shown to be linear in the quantitation range for all analytes. Intra- and inter-day accuracy and precision were between 80% and 120%. Furthermore, we found that the level of CORT in plasma and PFC increased, whereas that of 11-dehydrocorticosterone (11-DHCORT) as well as the ratio of 11-DHCORT and CORT declined in rats with CUMS-induced depression. The trends of these changes in central PFC and peripheral plasma were consistent. In conclusion, this study successfully established an UPLC-MS/MS method for simultaneous measurement of CORT and its metabolites, PROG and testosterone in rat plasma and PFC, and applied it to rats with depression. The method could be further applied to the research of depression and diseases related to these steroid hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xuemei Han
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xixuan Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yanjie Qin
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ying Rang
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xuejia Zhai
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yongning Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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30
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Identifying diurnal cortisol profiles among young adults: Physiological signatures of mental health trajectories. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2021; 128:105204. [PMID: 33862309 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2021.105204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Previous research has used cortisol, the major hormonal byproduct of the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis system, to explore how environmental stressors influence daily physiological functioning. Most of the research focused on diurnal cortisol has examined specific cortisol markers, with little consideration of how different components of the diurnal pattern may co-occur. Morning level, cortisol awakening response (CAR), bedtime level, as well as the diurnal slope and total cortisol exposure throughout the day (area under the curve; AUC), are five common parameters of diurnal HPA axis functioning that have been individually linked to physical and mental health outcomes, with mixed results. The current study introduces a novel approach to capture heterogeneity in HPA axis activity by using latent profile analysis to generate empirically-derived, theoretically supported diurnal cortisol profiles based on all five indicators. We analyzed salivary cortisol data from 278 young adults during a time of heightened sociopolitical stress - the 2016 U.S. presidential election - and examined whether profiles differentially predicted mental health trajectories across six months. Findings suggest that a specific combination of cortisol parameters (i.e., flat slope, high AUC, and high CAR) may predict worse mental health risk over time. Overall, this work suggests that diurnal cortisol profiles likely reflect distinct physiological underpinnings with unique health consequences that may not be observed by studying individual cortisol parameters.
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Zajkowska Z, Walsh A, Zonca V, Gullett N, Pedersen GA, Kieling C, Swartz JR, Karmacharya R, Fisher HL, Kohrt BA, Mondelli V. A systematic review of the association between biological markers and environmental stress risk factors for adolescent depression. J Psychiatr Res 2021; 138:163-175. [PMID: 33857787 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although the aetiology and pathophysiology of depression are multifactorial, to date most studies have examined either biological or environmental mechanisms without looking at the integration of both; with most studies conducted in high-income countries (HICs). Therefore, we conducted a systematic review of worldwide studies investigating the relationship between biological and environmental stress risk factors for major depressive disorder (MDD) in adolescence. METHODS We searched MEDLINE (via Ovid), PsycINFO, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Web of Science (Core Collection), Lilacs, African Journals Online and Global Health for prospective and cross-sectional studies that examined the association between biological markers and environmental stress risk factors in MDD during adolescence. FINDINGS Of 11,089 articles identified, 21 were included, with only two from middle-income countries. Increased inflammation, telomere length and brain abnormalities, including blunted reward-related activity, white matter disruptions, and altered volume of limbic brain regions, were associated with increased risk for MDD mainly in the context of early life adversity. There is little evidence suggesting that the neurobiological changes investigated were associated with MDD in the context of recent life stress. INTERPRETATION The developmental trajectory of depression appears to start with early life adversities and occurs in the context of immune and brain abnormalities. Understanding these biopsychosocial processes will help to improve our ability to detect individuals at risk of developing depression in adolescence. However, generalizability is limited by few studies examining both biological and environmental stress risk factors and a lack of studies on adolescents and young adults in low-and-middle-income countries (LMICs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzanna Zajkowska
- King's College London, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, UK.
| | - Annabel Walsh
- King's College London, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, UK.
| | - Valentina Zonca
- King's College London, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, UK.
| | - Nancy Gullett
- King's College London, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, UK.
| | - Gloria A Pedersen
- Division of Global Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, 2120 L St NW, Ste 600, Washington DC, 20037, USA.
| | - Christian Kieling
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Child & Adolescent Psychiatry Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350 - 400N, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-903, Brazil.
| | - Johnna R Swartz
- University of California, Davis, Department of Human Ecology, 1 Shields Ave. University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
| | - Rakesh Karmacharya
- Harvard University, Center for Genomic Medicine, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
| | - Helen L Fisher
- King's College London, Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, UK; ESRC Centre for Society and Mental Health, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Brandon A Kohrt
- Division of Global Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, 2120 L St NW, Ste 600, Washington DC, 20037, USA.
| | - Valeria Mondelli
- King's College London, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, UK; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, King's College London, London, UK.
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Salivary markers of stress system activation and social withdrawal in humans. J Psychiatr Res 2021; 136:435-443. [PMID: 33160608 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Social withdrawal is an early and common feature of psychiatric disorders. Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA)-axis activation through increased salivary cortisol (sC) and sympathetic activation through increased salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) may play a role. We aimed to study whether the link between increased sC and sAA on the one hand and depression on the other hand is mediated by social withdrawal. In this cross-sectional, observational study, sC and sAA measures were measured in seven saliva samples in 843 participants (231 psychiatric patients and 612 healthy controls). Social withdrawal was assessed through the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI)-, the Short Form 36-, and the Dutch Dimensional Assessment of Personality Pathology social withdrawal subscales, and analyzed using linear regression and mediation analyses. On average, participants were 44.0 years old (SD = 12.8; 64.1% female). Basal and diurnal sAA were unrelated to any social withdrawal scale and depression. Certain sC measures were positively associated with the BSI social withdrawal subscale (i.e., area under the curve with respect to the increase, beta = 0.082, p = 0.02; evening sC value: beta = 0.110, p = 0.003; and mean sC value: beta = 0.097; p = 0.01). We found limited support for statistical mediation by social withdrawal (measured using a composite social withdrawal score) on the relationship between evening sC and depression. Thus, although we found no support for a role of basal and diurnal sAA in social withdrawal, HPA-axis activation may partly aggravate social withdrawal in depressive disorders.
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Kessel EM, Frost A, Goldstein BL, Black SR, Dougherty LR, Carlson GA, Klein DN. Developmental pathways from preschool irritability to multifinality in early adolescence: the role of diurnal cortisol. Psychol Med 2021; 51:761-769. [PMID: 31858921 PMCID: PMC8906367 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291719003684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early irritability predicts a broad spectrum of psychopathology spanning both internalizing and externalizing disorders, rather than any particular disorder or group of disorders (i.e. multifinality). Very few studies, however, have examined the developmental mechanisms by which it leads to such phenotypically diverse outcomes. We examined whether variation in the diurnal pattern of cortisol moderates developmental pathways between preschool irritability and the subsequent emergence of internalizing and externalizing symptoms 9 years later. METHOD When children were 3 years old, mothers were interviewed about children's irritability and completed questionnaires about their children's psychopathology. Six years later, children collected saliva samples at wake-up and bedtime on three consecutive days. Diurnal cortisol patterns were modeled as latent difference scores between evening and morning samples. When children were approximately 12 years old, mothers again completed questionnaires about their children's psychopathology. RESULTS Among children with higher levels of irritability at age 3, a steeper diurnal cortisol slope at age 9 predicted greater internalizing symptoms and irritability at age 12, whereas a blunted slope at age 9 predicted greater externalizing symptoms at age 12, adjusting for baseline and concurrent symptoms. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that variation in stress system functioning can predict and differentiate developmental trajectories of early irritability that are relatively more internalizing v. those in which externalizing symptoms dominate in pre-adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen M. Kessel
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Columbia University and the New York State Psychiatric Institute
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Eick C, Klinger-König J, Zylla S, Hannemann A, Budde K, Henning AK, Pietzner M, Nauck M, Völzke H, Grabe HJ, Hertel J. Broad Metabolome Alterations Associated with the Intake of Oral Contraceptives Are Mediated by Cortisol in Premenopausal Women. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11040193. [PMID: 33805221 PMCID: PMC8064380 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11040193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of oral contraceptives (OCs) has been associated with elevated blood cortisol concentrations. However, metabolic downstream effects of OC intake are not well described. Here, we aimed to determine if the blood metabolome is associated with the use of OCs and to estimate if these associations might be statistically mediated by serum cortisol concentrations. Plasma metabolites measured with the Biocrates AbsoluteIDQ p180 Kit and serum cortisol concentrations measured by an immunoassay were determined in 391 premenopausal women (116 OC users) participating in two independent cohorts of the Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP). After correction for multiple testing, 27 metabolites were significantly associated with OC intake in SHIP-TREND (discovery cohort), of which 25 replicated in SHIP-2. Inter alia, associated metabolites included 12 out of 38 phosphatidylcholines with diacyl residue, 7 out of 14 lysophosphatidylcholines and 5 out of 21 amino acids. The associations with phosphatidylcholines were statistically mediated by cortisol, whereas lysophosphatidylcholines showed no mediation effect. The results represent a step toward a better understanding of the metabolic consequences of OC intake. Connecting cortisol with metabolic consequences of OC intake could help to understand the mechanisms underlying adverse effects. The blood metabolome may serve as a biomarker for identifying users at high risk for developing such adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Eick
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, D-17489 Greifswald, Germany; (C.E.); (H.J.G.); or (J.H.)
| | - Johanna Klinger-König
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, D-17489 Greifswald, Germany; (C.E.); (H.J.G.); or (J.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)-3834-86-22166
| | - Stephanie Zylla
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, D-17489 Greifswald, Germany; (S.Z.); (A.H.); (K.B.); (A.K.H.); (M.P.); (M.N.)
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Greifswald, D-17489 Greifswald, Germany;
| | - Anke Hannemann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, D-17489 Greifswald, Germany; (S.Z.); (A.H.); (K.B.); (A.K.H.); (M.P.); (M.N.)
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Greifswald, D-17489 Greifswald, Germany;
| | - Kathrin Budde
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, D-17489 Greifswald, Germany; (S.Z.); (A.H.); (K.B.); (A.K.H.); (M.P.); (M.N.)
| | - Ann Kristin Henning
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, D-17489 Greifswald, Germany; (S.Z.); (A.H.); (K.B.); (A.K.H.); (M.P.); (M.N.)
| | - Maik Pietzner
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, D-17489 Greifswald, Germany; (S.Z.); (A.H.); (K.B.); (A.K.H.); (M.P.); (M.N.)
| | - Matthias Nauck
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, D-17489 Greifswald, Germany; (S.Z.); (A.H.); (K.B.); (A.K.H.); (M.P.); (M.N.)
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Greifswald, D-17489 Greifswald, Germany;
| | - Henry Völzke
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Greifswald, D-17489 Greifswald, Germany;
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, D-17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Hans J. Grabe
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, D-17489 Greifswald, Germany; (C.E.); (H.J.G.); or (J.H.)
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Disease (DZNE), Site Rostock/Greifswald, D-17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Johannes Hertel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, D-17489 Greifswald, Germany; (C.E.); (H.J.G.); or (J.H.)
- School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, H91 CF50 Galway, Ireland
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Colla ARS, Pazini FL, Lieberknecht V, Camargo A, Rodrigues ALS. Ursolic acid abrogates depressive-like behavior and hippocampal pro-apoptotic imbalance induced by chronic unpredictable stress. Metab Brain Dis 2021; 36:437-446. [PMID: 33394285 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-020-00658-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidence has shown that ursolic acid exerts antidepressant-like effects, however, its ability to elicit an antidepressant-like response in rodents subjected to stress model that mimics behavioral and neurochemical alterations found in depression remains to be determined. Thus, this study investigated the possible antidepressant-like effect of ursolic acid in mice subjected to chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) for 14 days, and whether this effect could be associated with the modulation of serum corticosterone levels and hippocampal Bcl-2/Bax mRNA expression. Our results indicated that CUS induced a depressive-like behavior, as demonstrated by an increase in the immobility time and latency to first grooming in the tail suspension test and splash test, respectively. Conversely, the repeated administration of ursolic acid (0.1 mg/kg, p.o.) or fluoxetine (10 mg/kg, p.o.) in the last 7 days of CUS completely prevented CUS-induced behavioral alterations, suggesting an antidepressant-like effect. Additionally, CUS significantly increased the mRNA expression of Bax (pro-apoptosis marker), but not Bcl-2 (anti-apoptosis marker) in the hippocampus. Moreover, reduced hippocampal mRNA expression of Bcl-2/Bax ratio was detected in CUS-exposed mice. Ursolic acid, but not fluoxetine, prevented CUS-induced increase in the expression of Bax, but both ursolic acid and fluoxetine prevented CUS-induced reduction on Bcl-2/Bax ratio. Furthermore, neither CUS nor treatments with ursolic acid or fluoxetine altered serum corticosterone levels. Our study unveils the ability of ursolic acid to prevent the depressive-like behavior induced by stress and the modulation of Bcl-2/Bax expression could be associated with this response.
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Affiliation(s)
- André R S Colla
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, 88040-900, SC, Brazil
| | - Francis L Pazini
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, 88040-900, SC, Brazil
| | - Vicente Lieberknecht
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, 88040-900, SC, Brazil
| | - Anderson Camargo
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, 88040-900, SC, Brazil
| | - Ana Lúcia S Rodrigues
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, 88040-900, SC, Brazil.
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Treatment-Resistant Depression Revisited: A Glimmer of Hope. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11020155. [PMID: 33672126 PMCID: PMC7927134 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11020155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a highly prevalent psychiatric disorder worldwide. It causes individual suffering, loss of productivity, increased health care costs and high suicide risk. Current pharmacologic interventions fail to produce at least partial response to approximately one third of these patients, and remission is obtained in approximately 30% of patients. This is known as Treatment-Resistant Depression (TRD). The burden of TRD exponentially increases the longer it persists, with a higher risk of impaired functional and social functioning, vast losses in quality of life and significant risk of somatic morbidity and suicidality. Different approaches have been suggested and utilized, but the results have not been encouraging. In this review article, we present new approaches to identify and correct potential causes of TRD, thereby reducing its prevalence and with it the overall burden of this disease entity. We will address potential contributory factors to TRD, most of which can be investigated in many laboratories as routine tests. We discuss endocrinological aberrations, notably, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis dysregulation and thyroid and gonadal dysfunction. We address the role of Vitamin D in contributing to depression. Pharmacogenomic testing is being increasingly used to determine Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Cytochrome P450, Serotonin Transporter, COMT, folic acid conversion (MTHFR). As the role of immune system dysregulation is being recognized as potentially a major contributory factor to TRD, the measurement of C-reactive protein (CRP) and select immune biomarkers, where testing is available, can guide combination treatments with anti-inflammatory agents (e.g., selective COX-2 inhibitors) reversing treatment resistance. We focus on established and emerging test procedures, potential biomarkers and non-biologic assessments and interventions to apply personalized medicine to effectively manage treatment resistance in general and TRD specifically.
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Peixoto C, José Grande A, Gomes Carrilho C, Nardi AE, Cardoso A, Barciela Veras A. Dehydroepiandrosterone for depressive symptoms: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Neurosci Res 2020; 98:2510-2528. [PMID: 32930419 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Depression is a mental disorder that affects millions of people around the world. However, depressive symptoms can be seen in other psychiatric and medical conditions. Here, we investigate the effect of DHEA treatment on depressive symptoms in individuals with depression and/or other clinical conditions in which depressive symptoms are present. An electronic search was performed until October 2019, with no restrictions on language or year of publication in the following databases: Medline, EMBASE, LILACS, and Cochrane Library. Randomized controlled trials comparing DHEA versus placebo were included if the depressive symptoms were assessed. Fifteen studies with 853 female and male individuals were included in this review. To conduct the meta-analysis, data were extracted from 14 studies. In comparison with placebo, DHEA improved depressive symptoms (standardized mean difference [SMD] -0.28, 95% (CI) -0.45 to -0.11, p =.001, 12 studies, 742 individuals (375 in the experimental group and 367 in the placebo group), I2 = 24%), very low quality of evidence, 2 of 14 studies reporting this outcome were removed in a sensitivity analysis as they were strongly influencing heterogeneity between studies. No hormonal changes that indicated any risk to the participants' health were seen. Side effects observed were uncommon, mild, and transient, but commonly related to androgyny. In conclusion, DHEA was associated with a beneficial effect on depressive symptoms compared to placebo. However, these results should be viewed with caution, since the quality of evidence for this outcome was considered very low according to the GRADE criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clayton Peixoto
- Institute of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Antonio José Grande
- Medical School, Universidade Estadual do Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Carolina Gomes Carrilho
- Post-graduation Program in Health Psychology, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Antonio Egidio Nardi
- Institute of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Adriana Cardoso
- Institute of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - André Barciela Veras
- Medical School, Universidade Estadual do Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
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Mood and neural responses to social rejection do not seem to be altered in resilient adolescents with a history of adversity. Dev Psychopathol 2020; 32:411-423. [PMID: 30895920 PMCID: PMC7260057 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579419000178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Childhood adversity (CA) increases the risk of subsequent mental health problems. Adolescent social support (from family and/or friends) reduces the risk of mental health problems after CA. However, the mechanisms of this effect remain unclear, and we speculate that they are manifested on neurodevelopmental levels. Therefore, we investigated whether family and/or friendship support at ages 14 and 17 function as intermediate variables for the relationship between CA before age 11 and affective or neural responses to social rejection feedback at age 18. We studied 55 adolescents with normative mental health at age 18 (26 with CA and therefore considered "resilient"), from a longitudinal cohort. Participants underwent a Social Feedback Task in the magnetic resonance imaging scanner. Social rejection feedback activated the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and the left anterior insula. CA did not predict affective or neural responses to social rejection at age 18. Yet, CA predicted better friendships at age 14 and age 18, when adolescents with and without CA had comparable mood levels. Thus, adolescents with CA and normative mood levels have more adolescent friendship support and seem to have normal mood and neural responses to social rejection.
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Differential associations of parental harshness and parental disengagement with overall cortisol output at 15 years: Implications for adolescent mental health. Dev Psychopathol 2020; 34:129-146. [PMID: 33070808 PMCID: PMC8053724 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579420000954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Psychosocial stress in childhood and adolescence is linked to stress system dysregulation, although few studies have examined the relative impacts of parental harshness and parental disengagement. This study prospectively tested whether parental harshness and disengagement show differential associations with overall cortisol output in adolescence. Associations between overall cortisol output and adolescent mental health problems were tested concurrently. Adolescents from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (FFCWS) provided hair samples for cortisol assay at 15 years (N = 171). Caregivers reported on parental harshness and disengagement experiences at 1, 3, 5, 9, and 15 years, and adolescents reported at 15 years. Both parent and adolescent reported depressive and anxiety symptoms and antisocial behaviors at 15. Greater parental harshness from 1-15 years, and harshness reported at 15 years in particular, was associated with higher overall cortisol output at 15. Greater parental disengagement from 1-15 years, and disengagement at 1 year specifically, was associated with lower cortisol output. There were no significant associations between cortisol output and depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, or antisocial behaviors. These results suggest that the unique variances of parental harshness and disengagement may have opposing associations with cortisol output at 15 years, with unclear implications for adolescent mental health.
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Emotion regulation deficits mediate childhood sexual abuse effects on stress sensitization and depression outcomes. Dev Psychopathol 2020; 34:157-170. [PMID: 33023709 DOI: 10.1017/s095457942000098x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Child sexual abuse (CSA) is a notable risk factor for depressive disorders. Though multiply determined, increased sensitivity to stress (stress sensitization) and difficulty managing distress (emotion regulation) may reflect two pathways by which CSA confers depression risk. However, it remains unclear whether stress sensitization and emotion regulation deficits contribute to depression risk independently or in a sequential manner. That is, the frequent use of maladaptive emotion regulation responses and insufficient use of those that attenuate distress (adaptive emotion regulation) may lead to stress sensitization. We tested competing models of CSA, stress sensitization, and emotion regulation to predict depression symptoms and depressive affects in daily life among adults with and without histories of CSA. Results supported a sequential mediation: CSA predicted greater maladaptive repertoires that, in turn, exacerbated the effects of stress on depression symptoms. Maladaptive responses also exacerbated the effects of daily life stress on contemporaneous negative affect (NA) levels and their increase over time. Independent of stress sensitization, emotion regulation deficits also mediated CSA effects on both depressive outcomes, though the effect of maladaptive strategies was specific to NA, and adaptive responses to positive affect. Our findings suggest that emotion regulation deficits and stress sensitization play key intervening roles between CSA and risk for depression.
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Camargo A, Dalmagro AP, M. Rosa J, B. Zeni AL, P. Kaster M, Tasca CI, S. Rodrigues AL. Subthreshold doses of guanosine plus ketamine elicit antidepressant-like effect in a mouse model of depression induced by corticosterone: Role of GR/NF-κB/IDO-1 signaling. Neurochem Int 2020; 139:104797. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2020.104797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Ketamine, but not guanosine, as a prophylactic agent against corticosterone-induced depressive-like behavior: Possible role of long-lasting pro-synaptogenic signaling pathway. Exp Neurol 2020; 334:113459. [PMID: 32891670 PMCID: PMC7470721 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ketamine has been reported to exert a prophylactic effect against stress-induced depressive-like behavior by modulating the guanosine-based purinergic system. However, the molecular pathways underlying its prophylactic effect and whether guanosine also elicits a similar effect remain to be determined. Here, we investigated the prophylactic effect of ketamine and guanosine against corticosterone (CORT – 20 mg/kg, p.o.)-induced depressive-like behavior in mice. Furthermore, we characterized if the prophylactic response may be associated with mTORC1-driven signaling in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. A single administration of ketamine (5 mg/kg, i.p.), but not guanosine (1 or 5 mg/kg, p.o.), given 1 week before the pharmacological stress prevented CORT-induced depressive-like behavior in the tail suspension test (TST) and splash test (SPT). Fluoxetine treatment for 3 weeks did not prevent CORT-induced behavioral effects. A single administration of subthreshold doses of ketamine (1 mg/kg, i.p.) plus guanosine (5 mg/kg, p.o.) partially prevented the CORT-induced depressive-like behavior in the SPT. Additionally, CORT reduced Akt (Ser473) and GSK-3β (Ser9) phosphorylation and PSD-95, GluA1, and synapsin immunocontent in the hippocampus, but not in the prefrontal cortex. No alterations on mTORC1/p70S6K immunocontent were found in both regions in any experimental group. CORT-induced reductions on PSD-95, GluA1, and synapsin immunocontent were prevented only by ketamine treatment. Collectively, these findings suggest that ketamine, but not guanosine, exerts a prophylactic effect against depressive-like behavior, an effect associated with the stimulation of long-lasting pro-synaptogenic signaling in the hippocampus. CORT induces depressive-like behavior and hippocampal synaptogenic markers deficits. Ketamine prevents CORT-induced behavioral and hippocampal synaptogenic alterations. Guanosine or fluoxetine are unable to prevent the alterations induced by CORT. Ketamine plus guanosine partially prevent CORT-induced reduced self-care behavior.
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Petrowski K, Wichmann S, Pyrc J, Steudte-Schmiedgen S, Kirschbaum C. Hair cortisol predicts avoidance behavior and depressiveness after first-time and single-event trauma exposure in motor vehicle crash victims. Stress 2020; 23:567-576. [PMID: 31939338 DOI: 10.1080/10253890.2020.1714585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of cortisol as a premorbid vulnerability factor for trauma sequelae remains unclear. Furthermore, the onset of long-term endocrine changes in response to first-time trauma as a function of later psychopathology is not clarified yet. Thus the predictive value of pre- and post-traumatic hair cortisol concentrations (HCCs) for psychological trauma sequelae was investigated in response to motor vehicle crash (MVC). A total of N= 62 MVC survivors participated in this study (46 females, mean age (SD): 43.94(12.95)). Subsequent trauma sequelae were measured with a structured clinical interview and self-report questionnaires to evaluate psychological symptoms (pre-MVC and three months post-MVC). Hair strands were taken immediately after MVC and three months post-MVC, reflecting cumulative cortisol secretion over the three-month period before and after the MVC. A total of 22.6% of the participants developed a trauma sequela with an affective disorder (14.5%) and/or anxiety disorder (16.1%). We observed a significant main effect of group and diagnosis × time interaction with an increase of HCC in those individuals who presented a subsequent psychiatric disorder. Regression analyses revealed that post-MVC increased HCC were significantly predictive of higher levels of subsequent depressiveness, and that pre-MVC increased HCC were predictive of higher levels of subsequent avoidance behavior. Our findings demonstrate that individual differences in long-term cortisol secretion in response to a first-time traumatic event (MVC) contribute to subsequent psychopathology. Specifically, higher long-term cortisol secretion before and after first-time MVC was a risk factor for subsequent development of avoidance behavior and depressiveness, respectively.Lay summaryHigher cortisol secretion and stress experience before a motor vehicle crash was a risk factor for subsequent development of psychological symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Petrowski
- Department of Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
- Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Susann Wichmann
- Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jaroslav Pyrc
- Department of Trauma & Reconstructive Surgery, Technische Universität Dresden, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | - Susann Steudte-Schmiedgen
- Department of Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Clemens Kirschbaum
- Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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Application of antidepressants in depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Neurosci 2020; 80:169-181. [PMID: 33099342 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2020.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The type and quantities of antidepressants are increasing, but the efficacy and safety of first-line and emerging drugs vary between studies. In this article, we estimated the efficacy and safety of first-line and emerging antidepressants (anti-inflammatory drugs and ketamine). METHOD ystematic search of EMBASE, ERIC, MEDLINE, psycARTICLES, and psycINFO without language restriction for studies on the depression, depressive symptoms, antidepressants, fluoxetine (Prozac), paroxetine, escitalopram, sertraline, fluvoxamine, venlafaxine, duloxetine, NSAIDs, anti-cytokine drugs or pioglitazone published before May 1st, 2019. Information on study characteristics, depression or depressive symptoms, antidepressants and the descriptive statistics (including efficacy and safety of antidepressants) was extracted independently by 2 investigators. Estimates were pooled using random-effects meta-analysis. Differences by study-level characteristics were estimated using stratified meta-analysis and meta-regression. The response and remission of antidepressants were used as clinical evaluation indicators, and the evaluation criteria were clinical depression scales. OR value of antidepressants as assessed by meta-analysis. RESULTS The literature search retrieved 5529 potentially relevant articles of which 49 studies were finally included. We compared the efficacy of antidepressants (seven first-line antidepressants (fluoxetine, paroxetine, escitalopram, sertraline, fluvoxamine, venlafaxine, duloxetine), there kinds of anti-inflammatory drugs(NASIDs, cytokine-inhibitor, pioglitazone) and ketamine) by comparing the OR values. CONCLUSION The three drugs with the highest OR value in response were NASID (OR = 3.62(1.58, 8.32)), venlafaxin (OR = 3.50(1.83, 6.70)) and ketamine (OR = 3.28(1.89, 5.68)), while the highest OR value in remission were NASID (OR = 3.17(1.60, 6.29)), ketamine (OR = 2.99(1.58, 5.67)) and venlafaxin (OR = 2.55(1.72, 3.78)). Through reading the literature, we found 69 SNPs associated with depression. Major depression was a debilitating disorder that could ultimately lead to enormous societal and economical challenge [1]. The number of person which affected by depression was up to 16% of the population worldwide. More than 300 million individuals were estimated to suffer depression these days [1,2]. Therefore, it is apparent that safety and effective treatments for depression are necessary. In the 1930 s, the first drug for schizophrenia was discovered. This finding was a landmark for the emerging of biological psychiatry. In the 1950 s, pharmacologists had stumbled upon the antidepressant effect of imipramine. Since then, every 30 years, the use of antidepressants had made a pulsatile leap. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are the most widely-prescribed psychiatric drugs for the treatment of depression. However, the efficacy was variable and incomplete: 60%-70% of the patients do not experience remission, while 30%-40% do not show a significant response [3,4]. Nevertheless, SSRIs, SNRIs (selective serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, which can block norepinephrine at the same time) and NaSSAs (norepinephrine and selective serotonin receptor agonist), constituted the first-line clinical drugs. Nearly 30 years after the outbreak of SSRIs, antidepressants have ushered in a new chapter. It has been found that anti-inflammatory drugs could also have the small and moderate antidepressant effect and it's widely discussed [5]. More than 40 anti-inflammatory drugs have been certificated to have antidepressant effects in preclinical and clinical studies [6]. The antidepressant that has been approved for use recently is ketamine. There is no comprehensive comparison of the efficacy of all these drugs. In this review, we tried to estimate the efficacy and safety of first-line antidepressants, anti-inflammatory drugs and ketamine. On the other hand, with the development of GWAS, SNPs related to depression have been reported, and the corresponding mechanisms have been elaborated, respectively. However, patients with these SNPs have not been treated with individualized drugs according to the mechanisms. We hope to push this process forward through the summary of this article. METHODS Search Strategy and Study Eligibility.
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Camargo A, Dalmagro AP, Platt N, F Rosado A, B Neis V, B Zeni AL, P Kaster M, S Rodrigues AL. Cholecalciferol abolishes depressive-like behavior and hippocampal glucocorticoid receptor impairment induced by chronic corticosterone administration in mice. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2020; 196:172971. [PMID: 32585162 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2020.172971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Several attempts have been made to understand the role of cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) in the modulation of neuropsychiatric disorders. Notably, the deficiency of vitamin D3 is considered a pandemic and has been postulated to enhance the risk of major depressive disorder (MDD). Therefore, this study aims to investigate the antidepressant-like effect of cholecalciferol in a mouse model of depression induced by corticosterone, and the possible role of glucocorticoid receptors (GR), NLRP3 and autophagic pathways in this effect. Corticosterone administration (20 mg/kg, p.o., for 21 days) significantly increased the immobility time and grooming latency, as well as reduced the total time spent grooming in mice subjected to the tail suspension test (TST) and splash test (ST), respectively. Importantly, these behavioral alterations were associated with reduced GR immunocontent in the hippocampus of mice. Conversely, the repeated administration of cholecalciferol (2.5 μg/kg, p.o.) in the last 7 days of corticosterone administration was effective to prevent the increased immobility time in the TST and the reduced time spent grooming in the ST, and partially abolished the increase in the grooming latency induced by corticosterone, suggesting its antidepressant-like effect. These behavioral effects were similar to those exerted by fluoxetine (10 mg/kg, p.o.). Moreover, the corticosterone-induced reduction on hippocampal GR immunocontent was not observed in mice treated with cholecalciferol. Additionally, cholecalciferol treatment per se reduced the immunocontent of NLRP3 inflammasome-related proteins ASC, caspase-1, and TXNIP in the hippocampus of mice. No alterations on hippocampal immunocontent of the autophagic-related proteins phospho-mTORC1, beclin-1, and LC3A/B were observed following cholecalciferol treatment and/or corticosterone administration. Collectively, our results provide insights into the effects of cholecalciferol in depression-related behaviors that seem to be related, at least in part, to GR modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anderson Camargo
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Dalmagro
- Department of Natural Sciences, Center of Exact and Natural Sciences, Universidade Regional de Blumenau, CEP 89030-903 Blumenau, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Nicolle Platt
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil
| | - Axel F Rosado
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil
| | - Vivian B Neis
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil
| | - Ana Lúcia B Zeni
- Department of Natural Sciences, Center of Exact and Natural Sciences, Universidade Regional de Blumenau, CEP 89030-903 Blumenau, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Manuella P Kaster
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil
| | - Ana Lúcia S Rodrigues
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil.
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Duan J, Xie P. The potential for metabolomics in the study and treatment of major depressive disorder and related conditions. Expert Rev Proteomics 2020; 17:309-322. [DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2020.1772059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Duan
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- The M.O.E. Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, The College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Peng Xie
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- The M.O.E. Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, The College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Sandstrom A, Daoust AR, Russell E, Koren G, Hayden EP. Hair cortisol concentrations predict change in girls’ depressive symptoms. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/17405629.2020.1774359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Sandstrom
- Department of Psychology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Andrew R. Daoust
- Department of Psychology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Evan Russell
- Department of Physiology/Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Gideon Koren
- Department of Physiology/Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
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Xin C, Xia J, Liu Y, Zhang Y. MicroRNA-202-3p Targets Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Is Involved in Depression-Like Behaviors. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2020; 16:1073-1083. [PMID: 32425535 PMCID: PMC7186893 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s241136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and microRNA (miRNA) play crucial roles in the etiology of depression. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this disease are not fully understood. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between miR-202-3p and BDNF in a chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) model. METHODS Depression model was established with chronic mild unpredictable mild stimulation (CUMS) combined with solitary feeding. The expression levels of miR-202-3p and BDNF in rat hippocampus were measured by qRT-PCR. The novelty inhibition feeding test (NSFT), sucrose preference test (SPT), and forced swimming test (FST) were used to evaluate the functions of miR-202-3p and BDNF. Target gene prediction and screening and luciferase reporter assay were used to verify the target of miR-202-3p. The expression levels of BNDF, CREB1 and p-CREB1 were detected by Western blot. RESULTS Upregulation of miR-202-3p was associated with decreased expression of BDNF in the hippocampus of the CUMS model. Antidepressant was observed when LV-BDNF or LV-si-miR-202-3p was injected into the hippocampus. In addition, in the rat hippocampus and cultured nerve cells, the expression levels of BDNF and cyclic AMP response element binding protein 1 (CREB1), which is a target gene of BDNF, were reduced after LV-miR-202-3p injection. Overexpression of miR-202-3p aggravated depressive behavior and decreased the expression levels of BDNF. Luciferase reporter assay also confirmed that BDNF was a target of miR-202-3p. CONCLUSION Silencing miR-202-3p can reduce the damage to hippocampal nerve in CUMS rats; the mechanism may be related to the upregulation of BNDF expression. miR-202-3p may be an effective target for the treatment of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiyu Xin
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Qingdao Mental Health Center, Qingdao City, Shandong Province266034, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiejing Xia
- Department of Psychosis Ⅶ, Qingdao Mental Health Center, Qingdao City, Shandong Province266034, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yulan Liu
- Department of Psychosis Ⅴ, Qingdao Mental Health Center, Qingdao City, Shandong Province266034, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongdong Zhang
- Department of Psychosis Ⅳ, Qingdao Mental Health Center, Qingdao City, Shandong Province266034, People’s Republic of China
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Nowacki J, Wingenfeld K, Kaczmarczyk M, Chae WR, Salchow P, Abu-Tir I, Piber D, Hellmann-Regen J, Otte C. Steroid hormone secretion after stimulation of mineralocorticoid and NMDA receptors and cardiovascular risk in patients with depression. Transl Psychiatry 2020; 10:109. [PMID: 32313032 PMCID: PMC7171120 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-0789-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with altered mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) and glucocorticoid receptor function, and disturbed glutamatergic signaling. Both systems are closely intertwined and likely contribute not only to the pathophysiology of MDD, but also to the increased cardiovascular risk in MDD patients. Less is known about other steroid hormones, such as aldosterone and DHEA-S, and how they affect the glutamatergic system and cardiovascular disease risk in MDD. We examined salivary cortisol, aldosterone, and DHEA-S secretion after stimulation of MR and glutamatergic NMDA receptors in 116 unmedicated depressed patients, and 116 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Patients (mean age = 34.7 years, SD = ±13.3; 78% women) and controls were randomized to four conditions: (a) control condition (placebo), (b) MR stimulation (0.4 mg fludrocortisone), (c) NMDA stimulation (250 mg D-cycloserine (DCS)), and (d) combined MR/NMDA stimulation (fludrocortisone + DCS). We additionally determined the cardiovascular risk profile in both groups. DCS had no effect on steroid hormone secretion, while cortisol secretion decreased in both fludrocortisone conditions across groups. Independent of condition, MDD patients showed (1) increased cortisol, increased aldosterone, and decreased DHEA-S concentrations, and (2) increased glucose levels and decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels compared with controls. Depressed patients show profound alterations in several steroid hormone systems that are associated both with MDD pathophysiology and increased cardiovascular risk. Prospective studies should examine whether modulating steroid hormone levels might reduce psychopathology and cardiovascular risk in depressed patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Nowacki
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Katja Wingenfeld
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Kaczmarczyk
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203, Berlin, Germany
| | - Woo Ri Chae
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203, Berlin, Germany
| | - Paula Salchow
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ikram Abu-Tir
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dominique Piber
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julian Hellmann-Regen
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Otte
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203, Berlin, Germany
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Douglas JL, Harmer CJ. Early morning cortisol response and emotional processing in adults exposed to postnatal depression in infancy. Eur Psychiatry 2020; 26:479-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2010.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2009] [Revised: 01/08/2010] [Accepted: 01/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractEmotional processing and cortisol were investigated in non-depressed young adults whose mothers experienced PND. PND-exposed participants (n = 11) had higher waking salivary cortisol and slower performance on an emotional categorization task than controls (n = 15). This supports the hypothesis that early exposure to maternal depression is associated with characteristics reminiscent of vulnerability to depression.
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