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Jiang Y, Guo JQ, Wu Y, Zheng P, Wang SF, Yang MC, Ma GS, Yao YY. Excessive or sustained endoplasmic reticulum stress: one of the culprits of adipocyte dysfunction in obesity. Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab 2024; 15:20420188241282707. [PMID: 39381518 PMCID: PMC11459521 DOI: 10.1177/20420188241282707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 10/10/2024] Open
Abstract
As the prevalence of obesity continues to rise globally, the research on adipocytes has attracted more and more attention. In the presence of nutrient overload, adipocytes are exposed to pressures such as hypoxia, inflammation, mechanical stress, metabolite, and oxidative stress that can lead to organelle dysfunction. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a vital organelle for sensing cellular pressure, and its homeostasis is essential for maintaining adipocyte function. Under conditions of excess nutrition, ER stress (ERS) will be triggered by the gathering of abnormally folded proteins in the ER lumen, resulting in the activation of a signaling response known as the unfolded protein responses (UPRs), which is a response system to relieve ERS and restore ER homeostasis. However, if the UPRs fail to rescue ER homeostasis, ERS will activate pathways to damage cells. Studies have shown a role for disturbed activation of adipocyte ERS in the pathophysiology of obesity and its complications. Prolonged or excessive ERS in adipocytes can aggravate lipolysis, insulin resistance, and apoptosis and affect the bioactive molecule production. In addition, ERS also impacts the expression of some important genes. In view of the fact that ERS influences adipocyte function through various mechanisms, targeting ERS may be a viable strategy to treat obesity. This article summarizes the effects of ERS on adipocytes during obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jia-Qi Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ya Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peng Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shao-Fan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Meng-Chen Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Gen-Shan Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu-Yu Yao
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
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Al-Harbi LN. Morin Prevents Non-Alcoholic Hepatic Steatosis in Obese Rats by Targeting the Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Alpha (PPARα). Life (Basel) 2024; 14:945. [PMID: 39202687 PMCID: PMC11355712 DOI: 10.3390/life14080945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 07/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity has become a widespread issue globally. Morin, a flavonoid with traditional use in managing hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia, has demonstrated antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties in experimental studies. This research aims to explore the anti-obesity potential of morin in rats subjected to a high-fat diet (HFD) and investigate whether its effects are mediated through PPARα regulation. METHODS Young adult male Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups (n = 8/group): normal, morin (50 mg/kg/BWT, oral), HFD, and HFD + morin (50 mg/kg/BWT, oral). Treatments were administered daily for 17 consecutive weeks. RESULTS Morin mitigated the elevation in glucose levels and decreased fasting glucose and insulin levels, along with the HOMA-IR index, in HFD-fed rats. Furthermore, morin reduced calorie intake, final body weights, and the masses of subcutaneous, epididymal, peritoneal, and mesenteric fat in these rats. It also attenuated the rise in systolic blood pressure in HFD-fed rats and decreased serum levels of triglycerides, cholesterol, free fatty acids, LDL-c, and leptin, while increasing levels of HDL-c and adiponectin in both normal and HFD-fed rats. Moreover, morin restored normal liver structure and reduced fat vacuole accumulation in HFD-fed rats. Notably, it upregulated mRNA levels of PPARα in the livers and white adipose tissue of both normal and HFD-fed rats. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest the potential use of morin to enhance fatty acid oxidation in white adipose tissue and mitigate obesity, warranting further clinical investigation into its therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laila Naif Al-Harbi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Agriculture, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Ozcagli E, Kubickova B, Jacobs MN. Addressing chemically-induced obesogenic metabolic disruption: selection of chemicals for in vitro human PPARα, PPARγ transactivation, and adipogenesis test methods. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1401120. [PMID: 39040675 PMCID: PMC11260640 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1401120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Whilst western diet and sedentary lifestyles heavily contribute to the global obesity epidemic, it is likely that chemical exposure may also contribute. A substantial body of literature implicates a variety of suspected environmental chemicals in metabolic disruption and obesogenic mechanisms. Chemically induced obesogenic metabolic disruption is not yet considered in regulatory testing paradigms or regulations, but this is an internationally recognised human health regulatory development need. An early step in the development of relevant regulatory test methods is to derive appropriate minimum chemical selection lists for the target endpoint and its key mechanisms, such that the test method can be suitably optimised and validated. Independently collated and reviewed reference and proficiency chemicals relevant for the regulatory chemical universe that they are intended to serve, assist regulatory test method development and validation, particularly in relation to the OECD Test Guidelines Programme. To address obesogenic mechanisms and modes of action for chemical hazard assessment, key initiating mechanisms include molecular-level Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor (PPAR) α and γ agonism and the tissue/organ-level key event of perturbation of the adipogenesis process that may lead to excess white adipose tissue. Here we present a critical literature review, analysis and evaluation of chemicals suitable for the development, optimisation and validation of human PPARα and PPARγ agonism and human white adipose tissue adipogenesis test methods. The chemical lists have been derived with consideration of essential criteria needed for understanding the strengths and limitations of the test methods. With a weight of evidence approach, this has been combined with practical and applied aspects required for the integration and combination of relevant candidate test methods into test batteries, as part of an Integrated Approach to Testing and Assessment for metabolic disruption. The proposed proficiency and reference chemical list includes a long list of negatives and positives (20 chemicals for PPARα, 21 for PPARγ, and 11 for adipogenesis) from which a (pre-)validation proficiency chemicals list has been derived.
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Goerdeler C, Engelmann B, Aldehoff AS, Schaffert A, Blüher M, Heiker JT, Wabitsch M, Schubert K, Rolle-Kampczyk U, von Bergen M. Metabolomics in human SGBS cells as new approach method for studying adipogenic effects: Analysis of the effects of DINCH and MINCH on central carbon metabolism. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 252:118847. [PMID: 38582427 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests that exposure to certain metabolism-disrupting chemicals (MDCs), such as the phthalate plasticizer DEHP, might promote obesity in humans, contributing to the spread of this global health problem. Due to the restriction on the use of phthalates, there has been a shift to safer declared substitutes, including the plasticizer diisononyl-cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylate (DINCH). Notwithstanding, recent studies suggest that the primary metabolite monoisononyl-cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid ester (MINCH), induces differentiation of human adipocytes and affects enzyme levels of key metabolic pathways. Given the lack of methods for assessing metabolism-disrupting effects of chemicals on adipose tissue, we used metabolomics to analyze human SGSB cells exposed to DINCH or MINCH. Concentration analysis of DINCH and MINCH revealed that uptake of MINCH in preadipocytes was associated with increased lipid accumulation during adipogenesis. Although we also observed intracellular uptake for DINCH, the solubility of DINCH in cell culture medium was limited, hampering the analysis of possible effects in the μM concentration range. Metabolomics revealed that MINCH induces lipid accumulation similar to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG)-agonist rosiglitazone through upregulation of the pyruvate cycle, which was recently identified as a key driver of de novo lipogenesis. Analysis of the metabolome in the presence of the PPARG-inhibitor GW9662 indicated that the effect of MINCH on metabolism was mediated at least partly by a PPARG-independent mechanism. However, all effects of MINCH were only observed at high concentrations of 10 μM, which are three orders of magnitudes higher than the current concentrations of plasticizers in human serum. Overall, the assessment of the effects of DINCH and MINCH on SGBS cells by metabolomics revealed no adipogenic potential at physiologically relevant concentrations. This finding aligns with previous in vivo studies and supports the potential of our method as a New Approach Method (NAM) for the assessment of adipogenic effects of environmental chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelius Goerdeler
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Beatrice Engelmann
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Alix Sarah Aldehoff
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Alexandra Schaffert
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Department of Endocrinology, Nephrology and Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - John T Heiker
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Martin Wabitsch
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Kristin Schubert
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Ulrike Rolle-Kampczyk
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Martin von Bergen
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Leipzig, Germany; Institute of Biochemistry, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany; German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
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Verbunt J, Jocken J, Blaak E, Savelkoul P, Stassen F. Gut-bacteria derived membrane vesicles and host metabolic health: a narrative review. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2359515. [PMID: 38808455 PMCID: PMC11141482 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2359515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The intestinal microbiota, consisting of an estimated 10^10-10^11 organisms, regulate physiological processes involved in digestion, metabolism, and immunity. Surprisingly, these intestinal microorganisms have been found to influence tissues that are not directly in contact with the gut, such as adipose tissue, the liver, skeletal muscle, and the brain. This interaction takes place even when intestinal barrier function is uncompromised. An increasing body of evidence suggests that bacterial membrane vesicles (bMVs), in addition to bacterial metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids, are able to mediate effects of the microbiota on these host tissues. The ability of bMVs to dissipate from the intestinal lumen into systemic circulation hereby facilitates the transport and presentation of bacterial components and metabolites to host organs. Importantly, there are indications that the interaction between bMVs and tissues or immune cells may play a role in the etiology of (chronic metabolic) disease. For example, the gut-derived bMV-mediated induction of insulin resistance in skeletal muscle cells and pro-inflammatory signaling by adipocytes possibly underlies diseases such as type 2 diabetes and obesity. Here, we review the current knowledge on bMVs in the microbiota's effects on host energy/substrate metabolism with a focus on etiological roles in the onset and progression of metabolic disease. We furthermore illustrate that vesicle production by bacterial microbiota could potentially be modulated through lifestyle intervention to improve host metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jari Verbunt
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Infectious Diseases & Infection Prevention, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Human Biology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Johan Jocken
- Department of Human Biology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen Blaak
- Department of Human Biology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Savelkoul
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Infectious Diseases & Infection Prevention, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frank Stassen
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Infectious Diseases & Infection Prevention, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Kwon J, Aoki Y, Takahashi H, Nakata R, Kawarasaki S, Ni Z, Yu R, Inoue H, Inoue K, Kawada T, Goto T. Inflammation-induced nitric oxide suppresses PPARα expression and function via downregulation of Sp1 transcriptional activity in adipocytes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2023; 1866:194987. [PMID: 37739218 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2023.194987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
The activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα), a ligand-dependent transcription factor that regulates lipid oxidation-related genes, has been employed to treat hyperlipidemia. Emerging evidence indicates that Ppara gene expression decreases in adipose tissue under obese conditions; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we demonstrate that nitric oxide (NO) suppresses Ppara expression by regulating its promoter activity via suppression of specificity protein 1 (Sp1) transcriptional activity in adipocytes. NO derived from lipopolysaccharide (LPS) -activated macrophages or a NO donor (NOR5) treatment, suppressed Ppara mRNA expression in 10T1/2 adipocytes. In addition, Ppara transcript levels were reduced in the white adipose tissue (WAT) in both acute and chronic inflammation mouse models; however, such suppressive effects were attenuated via a nitric oxide synthase 2 (NOS2) inhibitor. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress inhibitors attenuated the NO-induced repressive effects on Ppara gene expression in 10T1/2 adipocytes. Promoter mutagenesis and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays revealed that NO decreased the Sp1 occupancy in the proximal promoter regions of the Ppara gene, which might partially result from the reduced Sp1 expression levels by NO. This study delineated the molecular mechanism that modulates Ppara gene transcription upon NO stimulation in white adipocytes, suggesting a possible mechanism for the transcriptional downregulation of Ppara in WAT under obese conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungin Kwon
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji 611-0011, Japan
| | - Yumeko Aoki
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji 611-0011, Japan
| | - Haruya Takahashi
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji 611-0011, Japan
| | - Rieko Nakata
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women's University, Nara 630-8506, Japan
| | - Satoko Kawarasaki
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji 611-0011, Japan
| | - Zheng Ni
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji 611-0011, Japan
| | - Rina Yu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Republic of Korea
| | - Hiroyasu Inoue
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women's University, Nara 630-8506, Japan
| | - Kazuo Inoue
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji 611-0011, Japan; Research Unit for Physiological Chemistry, The Center for the Promotion of Interdisciplinary Education and Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Teruo Kawada
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji 611-0011, Japan; Research Unit for Physiological Chemistry, The Center for the Promotion of Interdisciplinary Education and Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Goto
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji 611-0011, Japan; Research Unit for Physiological Chemistry, The Center for the Promotion of Interdisciplinary Education and Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
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Jacouton E, Mondot S, Langella P, Bermúdez-Humarán LG. Impact of Oral Administration of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum Strain CNCM I-4459 on Obesity Induced by High-Fat Diet in Mice. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:1151. [PMID: 37892881 PMCID: PMC10604482 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10101151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that some lactobacilli strains, particularly Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, have a beneficial effect on obesity-associated syndromes. Several studies have investigated probiotic challenges in models of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity, specifically with respect to its impact on hepatic and/or adipocyte metabolism, gut inflammation and epithelial barrier integrity, and microbiota composition. However, only a few studies have combined these aspects to generate a global understanding of how probiotics exert their protective effects. Here, we used the probiotic strain L. plantarum CNCM I-4459 and explored its impact on a mouse model of HFD-induced obesity. Briefly, mice were administered 1 × 109 CFUs/day and fed HFD for 12 weeks. Treatment with this strain improved insulin sensitivity by lowering serum levels of fasting glucose and fructosamine. Administration of the probiotic also affected the transport and metabolism of glucose, resulting in the downregulation of the hepatic Glut-4 and G6pase genes. Additionally, L. plantarum CNCM I-4459 promoted a decreased concentration of LDL-c and modulated hepatic lipid metabolism (downregulation of Fasn, Plin, and Cpt1α genes). Probiotic treatment also restored HFD-disrupted intestinal microbial composition by increasing microbial diversity and lowering the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes. In conclusion, this probiotic strain represents a potential approach for at least partial restoration of the glucose sensitivity and lipid disruption that is associated with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Luis G. Bermúdez-Humarán
- Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture et l’Environnement (INRAE), AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (E.J.); (S.M.); (P.L.)
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Bharanidharan R, Thirugnanasambantham K, Kim J, Xaysana P, Viengsakoun N, Ibidhi R, Oh J, Kim NY, Beak SH, Smith SB, Kim KH. Supplementation with rumen-inert fat in the growing phase altered adipogenic gene expression and the size and number of adipocytes in Hanwoo steers. J Anim Sci 2023; 101:skad315. [PMID: 37768168 PMCID: PMC10583981 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skad315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
We hypothesized that the provision of rumen-inert fat (RIF) to growing cattle (9 to 13 mo of age) would affect the expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism and thereby affect the size and number of adipocytes of steers slaughtered at 30 mo of age. Thirty steers with an average initial body weight (BW) of 239 ± 25 kg were allocated to six pens, balanced for BW and genetic merit for marbling, and assigned to one of two treatment groups: control (only basal diet) or test diet (basal diet with 200 g of RIF per day, on an as-fed basis) for 5 mo. Biopsy samples of longissimus lumborum (LM) muscle were then collected for analysis of fatty acid composition and gene expression. Both groups were then fed the same basal diets during the early and late fattening phases, without RIF, until slaughter (average shrunk BW = 759 kg). Supplementation with RIF increased the longissimus thoracis (LT) intramuscular fatty acid concentration at slaughter (P = 0.087) and numerically increased the quality grade score (P = 0.106). The LM intramuscular relative mRNA expression of genes such as PPARα, ZFP423 and SREBP1, FASN, SCD, FABP4, GPAT1, and DGAT2 were downregulated (P < 0.1) following RIF supplementation. Supplementation of RIF decreased (P < 0.1) diameter and concomitantly increased intramuscular adipocytes per viewing section at slaughter. This likely was caused by promotion of triacylglycerol hydrolysis during the growing phase. Another possible explanation is that the relative mRNA expression of gene ATGL was upregulated by RIF supplementation during the growing (P < 0.1) and the fattening phases (P < 0.05), while the genes associated with fatty acid uptake (FABP4) and esterification (DGAT2) were downregulated during the growing phase and upregulated (P < 0.1) during the fattening phase. This implies that the lipid turnover rate was higher for steers during the growing than fattening phase. This study demonstrated that RIF supplementation during the growing phase induced a carryover effect on the lipogenic transcriptional regulation involved in adipocyte lipid content of intramuscular adipose tissue; increased triacylglycerol hydrolysis during the growing phase subsequently was followed by increased lipid accumulation during the fattening phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajaraman Bharanidharan
- Department of Eco-friendly Livestock Science, Institute of Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Republic of Korea
| | - Krishnaraj Thirugnanasambantham
- Department of Eco-friendly Livestock Science, Institute of Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Republic of Korea
- Pondicherry Centre for Biological Science and Educational Trust, Puducherry 605004, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai 602105, India
| | - Jayeon Kim
- Department of International Agricultural Technology, Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Republic of Korea
| | - Panyavong Xaysana
- Department of International Agricultural Technology, Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Republic of Korea
| | - Napasirth Viengsakoun
- Department of Livestock and Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture, National University of Laos, Vientiane Capital, 856, Lao People’s Democratic Republic
| | - Ridha Ibidhi
- Agroécologie, INRAE, Institut Agro, Univ. Bourgogne, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Joonpyo Oh
- Cargill Animal Nutrition Korea, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Na-Yeon Kim
- Asia Pacific Ruminant Institute, Icheon 17385, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Hyeon Beak
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Stephen B Smith
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
- Institute for Advancing Health through Agriculture, Texas A&M AgriLife, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Kyoung Hoon Kim
- Department of Eco-friendly Livestock Science, Institute of Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Republic of Korea
- Department of International Agricultural Technology, Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Republic of Korea
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Alwadani AH, Almasri SA, Aloud AA, Albadr NA, Alshammari GM, Yahya MA. The Synergistic Protective Effect of γ-Oryzanol (OZ) and N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) against Experimentally Induced NAFLD in Rats Entails Hypoglycemic, Antioxidant, and PPARα Stimulatory Effects. Nutrients 2022; 15:nu15010106. [PMID: 36615764 PMCID: PMC9823776 DOI: 10.3390/nu15010106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This study estimated that the combined effect of γ-Oryzanol and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) against high-fat diet (HFD)-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in rats also estimated some of their mechanisms of action. Adult male rats were divided into seven groups (n = 8 each) as control, control + NAC, control + γ-Oryzanol, HFD, HFD + NAC, HFD + γ-Oryzanol, and HFD + NAC + γ-Oryzanol. NAC was administered orally at a final concentration of 200 mg/kg, whereas γ-Oryzanol was added to diets at a concentration of 0.16. All treatments were conducted for 17 weeks and daily. Both NAC and γ-Oryzanol were able to reduce final body weights, fat weights, fasting glucose, fasting insulin, serum, and serum levels of liver function enzymes as well as the inflammatory markers such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukine-6 (IL-6), and leptin in HFD-fed rats. They also improved hepatic structure and glucose tolerance, increased adiponectin levels, and reduced serum and hepatic levels of triglycerides (TGs) and cholesterol (CHOL) in these rats. These effects were concomitant with a reduction in the hepatic levels of lipid peroxides (MDA) and serum levels of LDL-C, but also with an increment in the hepatic levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH). Interestingly, only treatment with γ-Oryzanol stimulated the mRNA levels of proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1) in the liver and white adipose tissue (WAT) of rats. Of note, the combination therapy of both drugs resulted in maximum effects and restored almost normal liver structure and basal levels of all the above-mentioned metabolic parameters. In conclusion, a combination therapy of γ-Oryzanol and NAC is an effective therapy to treat NAFLD, which can act via several mechanisms on the liver and adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwag H. Alwadani
- Department of of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Home Economics, University College in Farasan, Jazan University, Jazan 54943, Saudi Arabia
| | - Soheir A. Almasri
- Department of of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence:
| | - Amal A. Aloud
- Department of of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nawal A. Albadr
- Department of of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghedeir M. Alshammari
- Department of of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Abdo Yahya
- Department of of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Maciejewska-Skrendo A, Massidda M, Tocco F, Leźnicka K. The Influence of the Differentiation of Genes Encoding Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors and Their Coactivators on Nutrient and Energy Metabolism. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14245378. [PMID: 36558537 PMCID: PMC9782515 DOI: 10.3390/nu14245378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic components may play an important role in the regulation of nutrient and energy metabolism. In the presence of specific genetic variants, metabolic dysregulation may occur, especially in relation to the processes of digestion, assimilation, and the physiological utilization of nutrients supplied to the body, as well as the regulation of various metabolic pathways and the balance of metabolic changes, which may consequently affect the effectiveness of applied reduction diets and weight loss after training. There are many well-documented studies showing that the presence of certain polymorphic variants in some genes can be associated with specific changes in nutrient and energy metabolism, and consequently, with more or less desirable effects of applied caloric reduction and/or exercise intervention. This systematic review focused on the role of genes encoding peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) and their coactivators in nutrient and energy metabolism. The literature review prepared showed that there is a link between the presence of specific alleles described at different polymorphic points in PPAR genes and various human body characteristics that are crucial for the efficacy of nutritional and/or exercise interventions. Genetic analysis can be a valuable element that complements the work of a dietitian or trainer, allowing for the planning of a personalized diet or training that makes the best use of the innate metabolic characteristics of the person who is the subject of their interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Maciejewska-Skrendo
- Faculty of Physical Culture, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland
- Institute of Physical Culture Sciences, University of Szczecin, 71-065 Szczecin, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Myosotis Massidda
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Sport and Exercise Sciences Degree Courses, University of Cagliari, 72-09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Filippo Tocco
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Sport and Exercise Sciences Degree Courses, University of Cagliari, 72-09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Katarzyna Leźnicka
- Faculty of Physical Culture, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland
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Zhou Z, Zhang A, Liu X, Yang Y, Zhao R, Jia Y. m 6A-Mediated PPARA Translational Suppression Contributes to Corticosterone-Induced Visceral Fat Deposition in Chickens. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415761. [PMID: 36555401 PMCID: PMC9779672 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Excess fat deposition in broilers leads to great economic losses and is harmful to consumers' health. Chronic stress in the life cycle of chickens could be an important trigger. However, the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. In this study, 30-day-old chickens were subcutaneously injected with 2 mg/kg corticosterone (CORT) twice a day for 14 days to simulate long-term stress. It was shown that chronic CORT exposure significantly increased plasma triglyceride concentrations and enlarged the adipocyte sizes in chickens. Meanwhile, chronic CORT administration significantly enlarged the adipocyte sizes, increased the protein contents of FASN and decreased HSL, ATGL, Beclin1 and PPARA protein levels. Moreover, global m6A methylations were significantly reduced and accompanied by downregulated METTL3 and YTHDF2 protein expression by CORT treatment. Interestingly, the significant differences of site-specific m6A demethylation were observed in exon7 of PPARA mRNA. Additionally, a mutation of the m6A site in the PPARA gene fused GFP and revealed that demethylated RRACH in PPARA CDS impaired protein translation in vitro. In conclusion, these results indicated that m6A-mediated PPARA translational suppression contributes to CORT-induced visceral fat deposition in chickens, which may provide a new target for the treatment of Cushing's syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixuan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Aijia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xinyi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ruqian Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yimin Jia
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing 210095, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-2584396413; Fax: +86-2584398669
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12
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Rumanova VS, Okuliarova M, Foppen E, Kalsbeek A, Zeman M. Exposure to dim light at night alters daily rhythms of glucose and lipid metabolism in rats. Front Physiol 2022; 13:973461. [PMID: 36105299 PMCID: PMC9465160 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.973461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Nocturnal light pollution has been rapidly increasing during the last decades and even though dim artificial light at night (ALAN) has been associated with metabolic diseases, its mechanism is still far from clear. Therefore, the aim of our study was to thoroughly analyze the effects of ALAN on energy metabolism, metabolites, metabolic hormones, and gene expression. Male Wistar rats were kept in either the standard light:dark (12:12) cycle or exposed to ALAN (∼2 lx) during the whole 12-h dark phase for 2 weeks. Energy metabolism was measured in metabolic cages. In addition, we measured plasma and hepatic metabolites, clock and metabolic gene expression in the liver and epididymal adipose tissue, and plasma hormone levels. In ALAN rats, we observed an unexpected transitory daytime peak of locomotor activity and a suppression of the peak in locomotor activity at the beginning of the dark period. These changes were mirrored in the respiratory exchange ratio. Plasma metabolites became arrhythmic, and plasma and hepatic cholesterol levels were increased. Lost rhythmicity of metabolites was associated with disrupted behavioral rhythms and expression of metabolic genes. In the liver, the rhythms of metabolic sensors were either phase-advanced (Ppara, Pgc1a, Nampt) or arrhythmic (Sirt1, Lxra) after ALAN. The rhythmic pattern of Ppara and Sirt1 was abolished in the adipose tissue. In the liver, the amplitude of the daily rhythm in glycogen content was attenuated, the Glut2 rhythm was phase-advanced and Foxo1 lost its daily rhythmicity. Moreover, hepatic Foxo1 and Gck were up-regulated after ALAN. Interestingly, several parameters of lipid metabolism gained rhythmicity (adiponectin, Hmgcs2, Lpl, Srebf1c) in the liver, whereas Noct became arrhythmic in the adipose tissue. Peripheral clock genes maintained their robust oscillations with small shifts in their acrophases. Our data show that even a low level of ALAN can induce changes in the daily pattern of behavior and energy metabolism, and disturb daily rhythms of genes encoding key metabolic sensors and components of metabolic pathways in the liver and adipose tissue. Disturbed metabolic rhythms by ALAN could represent a serious risk factor for the development and progression of metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Sophia Rumanova
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ethology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), An Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism (AGEM), Amsterdam, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Valentina Sophia Rumanova,
| | - Monika Okuliarova
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ethology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ewout Foppen
- Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), An Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism (AGEM), Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Andries Kalsbeek
- Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), An Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism (AGEM), Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Michal Zeman
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ethology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
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Combining metabolome and clinical indicators with machine learning provides some promising diagnostic markers to precisely detect smear-positive/negative pulmonary tuberculosis. BMC Infect Dis 2022; 22:707. [PMID: 36008772 PMCID: PMC9403968 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-022-07694-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tuberculosis (TB) had been the leading lethal infectious disease worldwide for a long time (2014–2019) until the COVID-19 global pandemic, and it is still one of the top 10 death causes worldwide. One important reason why there are so many TB patients and death cases in the world is because of the difficulties in precise diagnosis of TB using common detection methods, especially for some smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis (SNPT) cases. The rapid development of metabolome and machine learning offers a great opportunity for precision diagnosis of TB. However, the metabolite biomarkers for the precision diagnosis of smear-positive and smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis (SPPT/SNPT) remain to be uncovered. In this study, we combined metabolomics and clinical indicators with machine learning to screen out newly diagnostic biomarkers for the precise identification of SPPT and SNPT patients. Methods Untargeted plasma metabolomic profiling was performed for 27 SPPT patients, 37 SNPT patients and controls. The orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) was then conducted to screen differential metabolites among the three groups. Metabolite enriched pathways, random forest (RF), support vector machines (SVM) and multilayer perceptron neural network (MLP) were performed using Metaboanalyst 5.0, “caret” R package, “e1071” R package and “Tensorflow” Python package, respectively. Results Metabolomic analysis revealed significant enrichment of fatty acid and amino acid metabolites in the plasma of SPPT and SNPT patients, where SPPT samples showed a more serious dysfunction in fatty acid and amino acid metabolisms. Further RF analysis revealed four optimized diagnostic biomarker combinations including ten features (two lipid/lipid-like molecules and seven organic acids/derivatives, and one clinical indicator) for the identification of SPPT, SNPT patients and controls with high accuracy (83–93%), which were further verified by SVM and MLP. Among them, MLP displayed the best classification performance on simultaneously precise identification of the three groups (94.74%), suggesting the advantage of MLP over RF/SVM to some extent. Conclusions Our findings reveal plasma metabolomic characteristics of SPPT and SNPT patients, provide some novel promising diagnostic markers for precision diagnosis of various types of TB, and show the potential of machine learning in screening out biomarkers from big data. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12879-022-07694-8.
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Expression and Genetic Effects of GLI Pathogenesis-Related 1 Gene on Backfat Thickness in Pigs. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13081448. [PMID: 36011359 PMCID: PMC9407767 DOI: 10.3390/genes13081448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Backfat thickness (BFT) is an important carcass composition trait and regarded as a breeding focus. Our initial transcriptome analysis of pig BFT identified GLI pathogenesis-related 1 (GLIPR1) as one of the promising candidate genes. This study was conducted to identify the expression profiles, polymorphisms, and genetic effects of the GLIPR1 gene on BFT in pigs. The expression of the GLIPR1 gene existed in every detected tissue, and there was a significantly higher expression in spleen and adipose tissue than others (p < 0.05). At the different ages of pig, the expression of the GLIPR1 gene was low at an early age, increased with growth, and reached the highest level at 180 days. Genetic polymorphism analysis was detected in 553 individuals of the Large White × Minzhu F2 population. Four SNPs in the promoter significantly associated with 6−7 rib BFT (p < 0.05) were predicted to alter the transcription factor binding sites (TFBS), and the mutations of g.38758089 T>G and g.38758114 G>C were predicted to change the TFs associated with the regulation of adipogenesis. Haplotypes were formed by the detected SNPs, and one block showed a strong association with BFT (p < 0.05). In summary, our results indicate that the expression profiles and genetic variants of GLIPR1 affected the BFT of pigs. To our knowledge, this study is the first to demonstrate the biological function and genetic effects of the GLIPR1 gene on the BFT of pig and provide genetic markers to optimize breeding for BFT in pigs.
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Cizkova K, Koubova K, Tauber Z. Lipid Messenger Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-Bisphosphate Is Increased by Both PPARα Activators and Inhibitors: Relevance for Intestinal Cell Differentiation. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11070997. [PMID: 36101378 PMCID: PMC9312331 DOI: 10.3390/biology11070997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Fibrates, such as fenofibrate, are widely used drugs for dyslipidaemia treatment. It is known that they activate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) which serves as a lipid sensor in the organism. This article addresses how activators and inhibitor of the PPARα could affect differentiation of intestinal cells. Carcinogenesis is a disruption of normal differentiation process and colorectal carcinoma is the third most common cancer in terms of incidence, but the secondp in terms of mortality. One of the important signalling pathways in intestinal cell differentiation as well as carcinogenesis is PI3K/Akt/PTEN. We showed that PPARα activators as well as inhibitor affected the levels of one member of this pathway called phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate. This molecule is important for formation of microvilli, the essential structures of fully differentiated intestinal cells. Abstract We investigated the effects of PPARα activators fenofibrate and WY-14643 as well as the PPARα inhibitor GW6471 on the PI3K/Akt/PTEN pathway of intestinal cell differentiation. Our previous study showed that all these compounds increased the expression of villin, a specific marker of intestinal cell differentiation in HT-29 and Caco2 cells. Our current results confirmed the central role of lipid messenger phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2), a known player in brush border formation, in mediating the effects of tested PPARα ligands. Although all tested compounds increased its levels, surprisingly, each of them affected different PIP2-metabolizing enzymes, especially the levels of PIP5K1C and PTEN. Moreover, we found a positive relationship between the expression of PPARα itself and PIP2 as well as PIP5K1C. By contrast, PPARα was negatively correlated with PTEN. However, the expression of antigens of interest was independent of PPARα subcellular localization, suggesting that it is not directly involved in their regulation. In colorectal carcinoma tissues we found a decrease in PTEN expression, which was accompanied by a change in its subcellular localization. This change was also observed for the regulatory subunit of PI3K. Taken together, our data revealed that fenofibrate, WY-14643, and GW6471 affected different members of the PI3K/Akt/PTEN pathway. However, these effects were PPARα-independent.
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Effects of active, inactive, and derivatives of Akkermansia muciniphila on the expression of the endocannabinoid system and PPARs genes. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10031. [PMID: 35705595 PMCID: PMC9200819 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13840-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of active and heat-inactivated forms of Akkermansia muciniphila, bacterium-derived outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), and cell-free supernatant on the transcription of endocannabinoid system (ECS) members, including cannabinoid receptors 1 and 2 (CB1 and CB2), fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) genes (i.e., α, β/δ, and δ) in Caco-2 and HepG-2 cell lines. After the inoculation of A. muciniphila in brain heart infusion enriched medium, OMVs and cell-free supernatant were extracted. For the investigation of the effects of bacteria and its derivatives on the expression of ECS and PPARs genes, the aforementioned cells were treated by active and heat-inactivated bacteria, OMVs, and cell-free supernatant. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that both forms of the bacterium, bacterial-derived OMVs, and cell-free supernatant could affect the expression of CB1, CB2, FAAH, and PPARs genes (i.e., α, β/δ, and δ) significantly (P < 0.05). Considering the engagement of the aforementioned genes in metabolic pathways, it might be suggested that both forms of the bacterium, OMVs, and cell-free supernatant might have the potential to serve as a probiotic, paraprobiotic, and postbiotic candidate to prevent obesity, metabolic disorders, and liver diseases.
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Lee S, Benvie AM, Park HG, Spektor R, Harlan B, Brenna JT, Berry DC, Soloway PD. Remodeling of gene regulatory networks underlying thermogenic stimuli-induced adipose beiging. Commun Biol 2022; 5:584. [PMID: 35701601 PMCID: PMC9197980 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03531-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Beige adipocytes are induced by cold temperatures or β3-adrenergic receptor (Adrb3) agonists. They create heat through glucose and fatty acid (FA) oxidation, conferring metabolic benefits. The distinct and shared mechanisms by which these treatments induce beiging are unknown. Here, we perform single-nucleus assay for transposase-accessible chromatin sequencing (snATAC-seq) on adipose tissue from mice exposed to cold or an Adrb3 agonist to identify cellular and chromatin accessibility dynamics during beiging. Both stimuli induce chromatin remodeling that influence vascularization and inflammation in adipose. Beige adipocytes from cold-exposed mice have increased accessibility at genes regulating glycolytic processes, whereas Adrb3 activation increases cAMP responses. While both thermogenic stimuli increase accessibility at genes regulating thermogenesis, lipogenesis, and beige adipocyte development, the kinetics and magnitudes of the changes are distinct for the stimuli. Accessibility changes at lipogenic genes are linked to functional changes in lipid composition of adipose. Both stimuli tend to decrease the proportion of palmitic acids, a saturated FA in adipose. However, Adrb3 activation increases the proportion of monounsaturated FAs, whereas cold increases the proportion of polyunsaturated FAs. These findings reveal common and distinct mechanisms of cold and Adrb3 induced beige adipocyte biogenesis, and identify unique functional consequences of manipulating these pathways in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seoyeon Lee
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, NY, USA
| | - Abigail M Benvie
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hui Gyu Park
- Dell Pediatric Research Institute, Departments of Chemistry, Pediatrics, and Nutrition, Dell Medical School and the College of Natural Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Roman Spektor
- Field of Genetics, Genomics, and Development, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, NY, USA
| | - Blaine Harlan
- Field of Genetics, Genomics, and Development, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, NY, USA
| | - J Thomas Brenna
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, NY, USA
- Dell Pediatric Research Institute, Departments of Chemistry, Pediatrics, and Nutrition, Dell Medical School and the College of Natural Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Daniel C Berry
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, NY, USA
| | - Paul D Soloway
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, NY, USA.
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Shao Y, Xie Z, Liang S, Chen C, Tocher DR, Lin L, Huang Y, Li Y, Xie D, Hong Y, Wang S, You C. Dietary calcium pyruvate could improve growth performance and reduce excessive lipid deposition in juvenile golden pompano (Trachinotus ovatus) fed a high fat diet. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2022; 48:555-570. [PMID: 35461391 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-022-01077-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Excessive lipid deposition in farmed fish is a challenge in the aquaculture industry. To study the effect of dietary calcium pyruvate (CaP) on lipid accumulation in fish, we used a high fat diet (HFD) to establish a lipid accumulation model in juvenile golden pompano (Trachinotus ovatus) and supplemented with 0%, 0.25%, 0.50%, 0.75% and 1.0% CaP (diets D0-D4, respectively). After 8-week feeding in floating cages, dietary CaP significantly improved growth performance, which peaked in fish fed diet D3. Supplementation of CaP significantly decreased whole body lipid content in fish fed D2-D4 and hepatosomatic index and liver lipid content in fish fed D3 and D4. Serum and hepatic antioxidant indices, including glutathione, catalase and superoxide dismutase, showed generally increasing trends in fish fed diets with CaP. In addition, increasing dietary CaP increasingly reduced hepatic activities of hexokinase, phosphofructokinase and pyruvate kinase involved in glycolysis, and increased glycogen contents of the liver and muscle. Dietary CaP up-regulated the liver mRNA expression of pparα, cpt1, hsl and fabp1, but down-regulated expression of srebp-1, fas and acc. In conclusion, 0.75% CaP improved growth performance and reduced excessive lipid deposition by affecting fatty acid synthesis and lipolysis in juvenile T. ovatus fed HFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiru Shao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology & Research Center for Nutrition & Feed and Healthy Breeding of Aquatic Animals, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Zhiyong Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology & Research Center for Nutrition & Feed and Healthy Breeding of Aquatic Animals, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Shusheng Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology & Research Center for Nutrition & Feed and Healthy Breeding of Aquatic Animals, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Cuiying Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology & Research Center for Nutrition & Feed and Healthy Breeding of Aquatic Animals, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Douglas R Tocher
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology & Research Center for Nutrition & Feed and Healthy Breeding of Aquatic Animals, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Li Lin
- Innovative Institute of Animal Healthy Breeding, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanhua Huang
- Innovative Institute of Animal Healthy Breeding, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanyou Li
- School of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dizhi Xie
- School of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yucong Hong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Larvae Feed, Guangdong Yuequn Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Jieyang, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuqi Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology & Research Center for Nutrition & Feed and Healthy Breeding of Aquatic Animals, Shantou University, Shantou, China.
| | - Cuihong You
- Innovative Institute of Animal Healthy Breeding, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China.
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Franko A, Irmler M, Prehn C, Heinzmann SS, Schmitt-Kopplin P, Adamski J, Beckers J, von Kleist-Retzow JC, Wiesner R, Häring HU, Heni M, Birkenfeld AL, de Angelis MH. Bezafibrate Reduces Elevated Hepatic Fumarate in Insulin-Deficient Mice. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10030616. [PMID: 35327418 PMCID: PMC8945094 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10030616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucotoxic metabolites and pathways play a crucial role in diabetic complications, and new treatment options which improve glucotoxicity are highly warranted. In this study, we analyzed bezafibrate (BEZ) treated, streptozotocin (STZ) injected mice, which showed an improved glucose metabolism compared to untreated STZ animals. In order to identify key molecules and pathways which participate in the beneficial effects of BEZ, we studied plasma, skeletal muscle, white adipose tissue (WAT) and liver samples using non-targeted metabolomics (NMR spectroscopy), targeted metabolomics (mass spectrometry), microarrays and mitochondrial enzyme activity measurements, with a particular focus on the liver. The analysis of muscle and WAT demonstrated that STZ treatment elevated inflammatory pathways and reduced insulin signaling and lipid pathways, whereas BEZ decreased inflammatory pathways and increased insulin signaling and lipid pathways, which can partly explain the beneficial effects of BEZ on glucose metabolism. Furthermore, lysophosphatidylcholine levels were lower in the liver and skeletal muscle of STZ mice, which were reverted in BEZ-treated animals. BEZ also improved circulating and hepatic glucose levels as well as lipid profiles. In the liver, BEZ treatment reduced elevated fumarate levels in STZ mice, which was probably due to a decreased expression of urea cycle genes. Since fumarate has been shown to participate in glucotoxic pathways, our data suggests that BEZ treatment attenuates the urea cycle in the liver, decreases fumarate levels and, in turn, ameliorates glucotoxicity and reduces insulin resistance in STZ mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andras Franko
- Division of Diabetology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany; (A.F.); (H.-U.H.); (M.H.); (A.L.B.)
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Centre Munich, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany;
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (M.I.); (J.A.)
| | - Martin Irmler
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (M.I.); (J.A.)
| | - Cornelia Prehn
- Metabolomics and Proteomics Core (MPC), Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany;
| | - Silke S. Heinzmann
- Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (S.S.H.); (P.S.-K.)
| | - Philippe Schmitt-Kopplin
- Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (S.S.H.); (P.S.-K.)
| | - Jerzy Adamski
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (M.I.); (J.A.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Johannes Beckers
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany;
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (M.I.); (J.A.)
- Chair of Experimental Genetics, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Jürgen-Christoph von Kleist-Retzow
- Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Vegetative Physiology, University of Köln, 50931 Cologne, Germany; (J.-C.v.K.-R.); (R.W.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Rudolf Wiesner
- Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Vegetative Physiology, University of Köln, 50931 Cologne, Germany; (J.-C.v.K.-R.); (R.W.)
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Köln, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Köln, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Hans-Ulrich Häring
- Division of Diabetology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany; (A.F.); (H.-U.H.); (M.H.); (A.L.B.)
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Centre Munich, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany;
| | - Martin Heni
- Division of Diabetology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany; (A.F.); (H.-U.H.); (M.H.); (A.L.B.)
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Centre Munich, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany;
| | - Andreas L. Birkenfeld
- Division of Diabetology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany; (A.F.); (H.-U.H.); (M.H.); (A.L.B.)
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Centre Munich, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany;
| | - Martin Hrabě de Angelis
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany;
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (M.I.); (J.A.)
- Chair of Experimental Genetics, Center of Life and Food Sciences, Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, 85354 Freising, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-89-3187-3302
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20
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Osorio-Conles Ó, Vega-Beyhart A, Ibarzabal A, Balibrea JM, Vidal J, de Hollanda A. Biological Determinants of Metabolic Syndrome in Visceral and Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue from Severely Obese Women. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042394. [PMID: 35216509 PMCID: PMC8878297 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of the most dangerous heart attack risk factors: diabetes or raised fasting plasma glucose, abdominal obesity, high cholesterol and high blood pressure. The goal of this study is to compare the state of the main features of obesity-associated white adipose tissue (WAT) dysfunction in 66 women with severe obesity without (MetS-) or with MetS (MetS+). Fat cell area, adipocyte size distribution and histological fibrosis were analysed in visceral (VAT) and abdominal subcutaneous WAT (SAT) in 33 age- and BMI-matched pairs of MetS- and MetS+ subjects. The mRNA expression of 93 genes implicated in obesity-associated WAT dysfunction was analysed by RT-qPCR in both fat depots. MetS+ females showed higher adipocyte hypertrophy in both fat depots and increased fibrosis and expression of macrophage and hypoxia markers in SAT. Transcriptional data suggest increased fatty acid oxidation in SAT and impaired thermogenesis and extracellular matrix remodelling in VAT from MetS+ subjects. A sPLS-DA model, including SAT expression of PPARA and LEPR genes identified MetS with an AUC = 0.87. Despite equal age, BMI and body composition, MetS+ females display morphological and transcriptional differences in both WAT depots, especially in SAT. These factors may contribute to the transition to MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Óscar Osorio-Conles
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain;
- Correspondence: (Ó.O.-C.); (A.d.H.); Tel.: +34-932275707 (ext. 2910) (Ó.O.-C.); +34-932279846 (A.d.H.); Fax: +34932275589 (A.d.H.)
| | - Arturo Vega-Beyhart
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Ainitze Ibarzabal
- Gastrointestinal Surgery Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (A.I.); (J.M.B.)
| | - José María Balibrea
- Gastrointestinal Surgery Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (A.I.); (J.M.B.)
| | - Josep Vidal
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain;
- Obesity Unit, Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana de Hollanda
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain;
- Obesity Unit, Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (Ó.O.-C.); (A.d.H.); Tel.: +34-932275707 (ext. 2910) (Ó.O.-C.); +34-932279846 (A.d.H.); Fax: +34932275589 (A.d.H.)
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21
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Davoli R, Vegni J, Cesarani A, Dimauro C, Zappaterra M, Zambonelli P. Identification of differentially expressed genes in early-postmortem Semimembranosus muscle of Italian Large White heavy pigs divergent for glycolytic potential. Meat Sci 2022; 187:108754. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2022.108754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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22
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Liu Y, Lu Q, Xi L, Gong Y, Su J, Han D, Zhang Z, Liu H, Jin J, Yang Y, Zhu X, Xie S. Effects of Replacement of Dietary Fishmeal by Cottonseed Protein Concentrate on Growth Performance, Liver Health, and Intestinal Histology of Largemouth Bass ( Micropterus salmoides). Front Physiol 2022; 12:764987. [PMID: 34992547 PMCID: PMC8724133 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.764987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
An 8-week feeding trial was conducted to explore the effects of replacement of dietary fishmeal by cottonseed protein concentrate (CPC) on growth performance, liver health, and intestine histology of largemouth bass. Four isoproteic and isolipidic diets were formulated to include 0, 111, 222, and 333 g/kg of CPC, corresponding to replace 0% (D1), 25% (D2), 50% (D3), and 75% (D4) of fishmeal. Two hundred and forty largemouth bass (15.11 ± 0.02 g) were randomly divided into four groups with three replicates per group. During the experiment, fish were fed to apparent satiation twice daily. Results indicated that CPC could replace up to 50% fishmeal in a diet for largemouth bass without significant adverse effects on growth performance. However, weight gain rate (WGR), specific growth rate (SGR), feed efficiency (FE), and condition factor (K) of the largemouth bass were significantly decreased when 75% of dietary fishmeal that was replaced by CPC. The whole body lipid content was increased with the increasing of dietary CPC levels. Oil red O staining results indicated that fish fed the D4 diet showed an aggravated fat deposition in the liver. Hepatocytes exhibited serious degeneration, volume shrinkage, and inflammatory cells infiltration in the D4 group. Intestinal villi appeared shorter and sparse with severe epithelial damage in the D4 group. The transcription levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as transforming growth factor β (tgf-β), interleukin 10 (il-10), and interleukin 11 β (il-11β), were downregulated in the D4 group. The lipid metabolism-related genes carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1 (cpt1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (pparα), and target of rapamycin (TOR) pathway were also significantly downregulated in the D4 group. It was concluded that suitable replacement of fishmeal by less than 222 g CPC/kg diet had a positive effect on growth performance of fish, but an excessive substitution of 75% fishmeal by CPC would lead to the suppressed growth, liver inflammation, and intestinal damage of largemouth bass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qisheng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Longwei Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yulong Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jingzhi Su
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Han
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Hubei Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhimin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Haokun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Junyan Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yunxia Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoming Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Shouqi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
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23
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Hinds TD, Kipp ZA, Xu M, Yiannikouris FB, Morris AJ, Stec DF, Wahli W, Stec DE. Adipose-Specific PPARα Knockout Mice Have Increased Lipogenesis by PASK-SREBP1 Signaling and a Polarity Shift to Inflammatory Macrophages in White Adipose Tissue. Cells 2021; 11:4. [PMID: 35011564 PMCID: PMC8750478 DOI: 10.3390/cells11010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The nuclear receptor PPARα is associated with reducing adiposity, especially in the liver, where it transactivates genes for β-oxidation. Contrarily, the function of PPARα in extrahepatic tissues is less known. Therefore, we established the first adipose-specific PPARα knockout (PparaFatKO) mice to determine the signaling position of PPARα in adipose tissue expansion that occurs during the development of obesity. To assess the function of PPARα in adiposity, female and male mice were placed on a high-fat diet (HFD) or normal chow for 30 weeks. Only the male PparaFatKO animals had significantly more adiposity in the inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT) with HFD, compared to control littermates. No changes in adiposity were observed in female mice compared to control littermates. In the males, the loss of PPARα signaling in adipocytes caused significantly higher cholesterol esters, activation of the transcription factor sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 (SREBP-1), and a shift in macrophage polarity from M2 to M1 macrophages. We found that the loss of adipocyte PPARα caused significantly higher expression of the Per-Arnt-Sim kinase (PASK), a kinase that activates SREBP-1. The hyperactivity of the PASK-SREBP-1 axis significantly increased the lipogenesis proteins fatty acid synthase (FAS) and stearoyl-Coenzyme A desaturase 1 (SCD1) and raised the expression of genes for cholesterol metabolism (Scarb1, Abcg1, and Abca1). The loss of adipocyte PPARα increased Nos2 in the males, an M1 macrophage marker indicating that the population of macrophages had changed to proinflammatory. Our results demonstrate the first adipose-specific actions for PPARα in protecting against lipogenesis, inflammation, and cholesterol ester accumulation that leads to adipocyte tissue expansion in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry D. Hinds
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40508, USA; (Z.A.K.); (M.X.); (F.B.Y.)
- Barnstable Brown Diabetes Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40508, USA
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40508, USA
| | - Zachary A. Kipp
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40508, USA; (Z.A.K.); (M.X.); (F.B.Y.)
| | - Mei Xu
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40508, USA; (Z.A.K.); (M.X.); (F.B.Y.)
| | - Frederique B. Yiannikouris
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40508, USA; (Z.A.K.); (M.X.); (F.B.Y.)
- Barnstable Brown Diabetes Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40508, USA
| | - Andrew J. Morris
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40508, USA;
- Lexington Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Lexington, KY 40508, USA
| | - Donald F. Stec
- Small Molecule NMR Facility Core, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA;
| | - Walter Wahli
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Clinical Sciences Building, Singapore 308232, Singapore;
- Toxalim Research Center in Food Toxicology (UMR 1331), INRAE, ENVT, INP—PURPAN, UPS, Université de Toulouse, F-31300 Toulouse, France
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Université de Lausanne, Le Génopode, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - David E. Stec
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Cardiorenal and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
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24
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Comeglio P, Sarchielli E, Filippi S, Cellai I, Guarnieri G, Morelli A, Rastrelli G, Maseroli E, Cipriani S, Mello T, Galli A, Bruno BJ, Kim K, Vangara K, Papangkorn K, Chidambaram N, Patel MV, Maggi M, Vignozzi L. Treatment potential of LPCN 1144 on liver health and metabolic regulation in a non-genomic, high fat diet induced NASH rabbit model. J Endocrinol Invest 2021; 44:2175-2193. [PMID: 33586025 PMCID: PMC8421272 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-021-01522-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Low free testosterone (T) level in men is independently associated with presence and severity of Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH). The histological and molecular effects of oral testosterone prodrug LPCN 1144 treatment on hepatic fibrosis and NASH features are unknown. A metabolic syndrome-induced NASH model in rabbits consuming high fat diet (HFD) has been previously used to assess treatment effects of injectable T on hepatic fibrosis and NASH features. Here we present results on LPCN 1144 in this HFD-induced, NASH preclinical model. METHODS Male rabbits were randomly assigned to five groups: regular diet (RD), HFD, HFD + 1144 vehicle (HFD + Veh), HFD + 1144 (1144), and HFD + 1144 + α-tocopherol (1144 + ALPHA). Rabbits were sacrificed after 12 weeks for liver histological, biochemical and genetic analyses. Histological scores were obtained through Giemsa (inflammation), Masson's trichrome (steatosis and ballooning), and Picrosirius Red (fibrosis) staining. RESULTS Compared to RD, HFD and HFD + Veh significantly worsened NASH features and hepatic fibrosis. Considering HFD and HFD + Veh arms, histological and biomarker features were not significantly different. Both 1144 and 1144 + ALPHA arms improved mean histological scores of NASH as compared to HFD arm. Importantly, percentage of fibrosis was improved in both 1144 (p < 0.05) and 1144 + ALPHA (p = 0.05) treatment arms vs. HFD. Both treatment arms also reduced HFD-induced inflammation and fibrosis mRNA markers. Furthermore, 1144 treatments significantly improved HFD-induced metabolic dysfunctions. CONCLUSIONS Histological and biomarker analyses demonstrate that LPCN 1144 improved HFD-induced hepatic fibrosis and NASH biochemical, biomolecular and histochemical features. These preclinical findings support a therapeutic potential of LPCN 1144 in the treatment of NASH and of hepatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Comeglio
- Andrology, Women's Endocrinology and Gender Incongruence Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - E Sarchielli
- Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - S Filippi
- Interdepartmental Laboratory of Functional and Cellular Pharmacology of Reproduction, Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - I Cellai
- Andrology, Women's Endocrinology and Gender Incongruence Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - G Guarnieri
- Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - A Morelli
- Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - G Rastrelli
- Andrology, Women's Endocrinology and Gender Incongruence Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - E Maseroli
- Andrology, Women's Endocrinology and Gender Incongruence Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - S Cipriani
- Andrology, Women's Endocrinology and Gender Incongruence Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - T Mello
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Experimental Clinical and Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - A Galli
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Experimental Clinical and Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - B J Bruno
- Lipocine Inc., Salt Lake City, Utah, 84088, USA
| | - K Kim
- Lipocine Inc., Salt Lake City, Utah, 84088, USA
| | - K Vangara
- Lipocine Inc., Salt Lake City, Utah, 84088, USA
| | | | | | - M V Patel
- Lipocine Inc., Salt Lake City, Utah, 84088, USA
| | - M Maggi
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Experimental Clinical and Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- I.N.B.B. (Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture E Biosistemi), Rome, Italy
| | - L Vignozzi
- Andrology, Women's Endocrinology and Gender Incongruence Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139, Florence, Italy.
- I.N.B.B. (Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture E Biosistemi), Rome, Italy.
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25
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Daniel T, Ben-Shachar M, Drori E, Hamad S, Permyakova A, Ben-Cnaan E, Tam J, Kerem Z, Rosenzweig T. Grape pomace reduces the severity of non-alcoholic hepatic steatosis and the development of steatohepatitis by improving insulin sensitivity and reducing ectopic fat deposition in mice. J Nutr Biochem 2021; 98:108867. [PMID: 34571189 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
While non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represents the common cause of chronic liver disease, specific therapies are currently unavailable. The wine industry produces millions of tons of residue (pomace), which contains high levels of bioactive phytochemicals. The aim of this study was to clarify the potential benefits of grape pomace for the treatment of NAFLD at different levels of severity, and to clarify the mechanism of action. C57Bl/6 mice were given high fat diet (HFD) or western diet (WD) as models of obesity and hepatic steatosis or steatohepatitis, respectively, with or without pomace supplementation (50-250 mg/day). Pomace inhibited food intake, and reduced serum leptin and body weight gain. Ectopic fat deposition was reduced, while white adipose tissue mass was preserved. In addition, pomace improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity, prevented the development of adipose tissue inflammation, and reduced hepatic steatosis. Higher expression of genes involved in fatty acids transport and oxidation was observed in adipose tissue, while lipogenic genes were attenuated in the liver of pomace-treated mice. In WD-fed mice, pomace reduced the severity of hepatic steatosis and inflammation and improved blood lipid profile, but was ineffective in reversing hepatic damage of advanced NASH. In conclusion, pomace improved insulin sensitivity and reduced ectopic fat deposition, leading to a healthier metabolic profile. Pomace may hold the potential as a supplement with beneficial health outcomes for the prevention and treatment of hepatic steatosis and other obesity-related pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tehila Daniel
- Departments of Molecular Biology and Nutrition Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Michaella Ben-Shachar
- Departments of Molecular Biology and Nutrition Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Elyashiv Drori
- Agriculture and Oenology Research Department, Eastern Regional R&D Center, Ariel, Israel; Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Materials, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Sharleen Hamad
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Anna Permyakova
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Elad Ben-Cnaan
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Joseph Tam
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Zohar Kerem
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Tovit Rosenzweig
- Departments of Molecular Biology and Nutrition Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel.
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Cizkova K, Foltynkova T, Hanyk J, Kamencak Z, Tauber Z. When Activator and Inhibitor of PPARα Do the Same: Consequence for Differentiation of Human Intestinal Cells. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9091255. [PMID: 34572440 PMCID: PMC8472525 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9091255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) is a ligand-dependent transcription factor that plays a role in various processes including differentiation of several cell types. We investigated the role of PPARα in the differentiation of intestinal cells using HT-29 and Caco2 cell lines as a model as well as human normal colon and colorectal carcinoma tissues. We detected a significant increase in PPARα expression in differentiated HT-29 cells as well as in normal surface colon epithelium where differentiated cells are localised. Thus, it seems that PPARα may play a role in differentiation of intestinal cells. Interestingly, we found that both PPARα activators (fenofibrate and WY-14643) as well as its inhibitor (GW6471) regulated proliferation and differentiation of HT-29 cells in vitro in the same way. Both compounds led to a decrease in proliferation accompanied by a significant increase in expression of villin, intestinal alkaline phosphatase (differentiation markers). Moreover, the same trend in villin expression was observed in Caco2 cells. Furthermore, villin expression was independent of subcellular localisation of PPARα. In addition, we found similar levels of PPARα expression in colorectal carcinomas in comparison to adjacent normal epithelium. All these findings support the hypothesis that differentiation of intestinal epithelium is PPARα-independent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Zdenek Tauber
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +420-585-632-283; Fax: +420-585-632-966
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27
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Effect of Antarctic krill phospholipid (KOPL) on high fat diet-induced obesity in mice. Food Res Int 2021; 148:110456. [PMID: 34507719 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Phospholipids are the main lipid components in Antarctic krill oil, and the combination of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) shows multiple nutritional advantages. At present, the research about Antarctic krill phospholipid (KOPL) mainly focuses on the purification, and there are few reports on the anti-obesity effect. Thus, this study aimed at evaluating the effect of KOPL on the high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity mice. All the mice were divided into five groups, which were fed chow diet, HFD, and different doses of KOPL + HFD, respectively. The results showed that KOPL treatment could reduce the weight gain, fat accumulation, and liver tissue damage in HFD-induced mice. KOPL treatment could reduce the levels of serum lipid (TC, TG, L-LDL) and fasting blood glucose in HFD-induced mice, and the inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and TNF-α) in serum. Further analysis showed that KOPL could promote the normal expression of lipid-synthesis-related genes and proteins, including sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c), fatty acid synthetase (FAS), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR-α) in liver tissue. Besides, it inhibited the overexpression of inflammatory cytokine genes (IL-1β and TNF-α), but increased the expression of tight junction genes (ZO-1 and Occludin) in the colon tissue. Additionally, KOPL improved the decrease of diversity and imbalance of intestinal microbiota, which could contribute to its beneficial effects. In summary, the KOPL treatment improves the effects of HFD-induced obese mice by maintaining normal lipid levels, protecting the liver tissue, reducing inflammation response and intestinal damage, and regulating intestinal microbiota abnormalities. It refer to KOPL could be a promising dietary strategy for treating obesity and improving its related metabolic diseases.
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Choi C, Son Y, Kim J, Cho YK, Saha A, Kim M, Im H, Kim K, Han J, Lee JW, Seong JK, Lee YH. TM4SF5 Knockout Protects Mice From Diet-Induced Obesity Partly by Regulating Autophagy in Adipose Tissue. Diabetes 2021; 70:2000-2013. [PMID: 34187836 PMCID: PMC8576418 DOI: 10.2337/db21-0145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Transmembrane 4 L six family member 5 (TM4SF5) functions as a sensor for lysosomal arginine levels and activates the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1). While the mTORC1 signaling pathway plays a key role in adipose tissue metabolism, the regulatory function of TM4SF5 in adipocytes remains unclear. In this study we aimed to establish a TM4SF5 knockout (KO) mouse model and investigated the effects of TM4SF5 KO on mTORC1 signaling-mediated autophagy and mitochondrial metabolism in adipose tissue. TM4SF5 expression was higher in inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT) than in brown adipose tissue and significantly upregulated by a high-fat diet (HFD). TM4SF5 KO reduced mTORC1 activation and enhanced autophagy and lipolysis in adipocytes. RNA sequencing analysis of TM4SF5 KO mouse iWAT showed that the expression of genes involved in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α signaling pathways and mitochondrial oxidative metabolism was upregulated. Consequently, TM4SF5 KO reduced adiposity and increased energy expenditure and mitochondrial oxidative metabolism. TM4SF5 KO prevented HFD-induced glucose intolerance and inflammation in adipose tissue. Collectively, the results of our study demonstrate that TM4SF5 regulates autophagy and lipid catabolism in adipose tissue and suggest that TM4SF5 could be therapeutically targeted for the treatment of obesity-related metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheoljun Choi
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonho Son
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinyoung Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Keun Cho
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Abhirup Saha
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Minsu Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonyeong Im
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungmin Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhyeong Han
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Weon Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Je Kyung Seong
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, BK21 Plus Program for Advanced Veterinary Science, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Hee Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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PPARs-Orchestrated Metabolic Homeostasis in the Adipose Tissue. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168974. [PMID: 34445679 PMCID: PMC8396609 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been more than three decades since peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) were first discovered. Many investigations have revealed the central regulators of PPARs in lipid and glucose homeostasis in response to different nutrient conditions. PPARs have attracted much attention due to their ability to improve metabolic syndromes, and they have also been proposed as classical drug targets for the treatment of hyperlipidemia and type 2 diabetes (T2D) mellitus. In parallel, adipose tissue is known to play a unique role in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and metabolic syndromes due to its ability to “safely” store lipids and secrete cytokines that regulate whole-body metabolism. Adipose tissue relies on a complex and subtle network of transcription factors to maintain its normal physiological function, by coordinating various molecular events, among which PPARs play distinctive and indispensable roles in adipocyte differentiation, lipid metabolism, adipokine secretion, and insulin sensitivity. In this review, we discuss the characteristics of PPARs with special emphasis on the roles of the different isotypes in adipocyte biology.
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Choi RY, Lee MK. Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. Hot Water Extract Reverses High-Fat Diet-Induced Lipid Metabolism of White and Brown Adipose Tissues in Obese Mice. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10081509. [PMID: 34451554 PMCID: PMC8398201 DOI: 10.3390/plants10081509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to determine whether an anti-obesity effect of a Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. hot water extract (PW) was involved in the lipid metabolism of white adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT) in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced C57BL/6N obese mice. Mice freely received a normal diet (NCD) or an HFD for 12 weeks; HFD-fed mice were orally given PW (100 or 300 mg/kg) or garcinia cambogia (GC, 200 mg/kg) once a day. After 12 weeks, PW (300 mg/kg) or GC significantly alleviated adiposity by reducing body weight, WAT weights, and food efficiency ratio. PW (300 mg/kg) improved hyperinsulinemia and enhanced insulin sensitivity. In addition, PW (300 mg/kg) significantly down-regulated expression of carbohydrate-responsive element-binding protein (ChREBP) and diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 2 (DGAT2) genes in WAT compared with the untreated HFD group. HFD increased BAT gene levels such as adrenoceptor beta 3 (ADRB3), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL), cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36), fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4), PPARγ coactivator 1-α (PGC-1α), PPARα, and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1B (CPT1B) compared with the NCD group; however, PW or GC effectively reversed those levels. These findings suggest that the anti-obesity activity of PW was mediated via suppression of lipogenesis in WAT, leading to the normalization of lipid metabolism in BAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ra-Yeong Choi
- Department of Agricultural Biology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea;
| | - Mi-Kyung Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-61-750-3656; Fax: +82-61-750-3650
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Caito SW, Newell-Caito J, Martell M, Crawford N, Aschner M. Methylmercury Induces Metabolic Alterations in Caenorhabditis elegans: Role for C/EBP Transcription Factor. Toxicol Sci 2021; 174:112-123. [PMID: 31851340 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfz244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Methylmercury (MeHg) is a well-known neurotoxicant; however, its role in metabolic diseases has been gaining wider attention. We have previously shown that MeHg causes metabolic alterations in Caenorhabditis elegans, leading to decreased nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide cofactor, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress. We were, therefore, interested in whether MeHg also affects nutrient metabolism, particularly lipid homeostasis, which may contribute to the development of metabolic conditions such as obesity or metabolic syndrome (MS). RNA from wild-type worms exposed to MeHg was collected immediately after treatment and used for gene expression analysis by DNA microarray. MeHg differentially regulated 215 genes, 17 genes involved in lipid homeostasis, and 12 genes involved in carbohydrate homeostasis. Of particular interest was cebp-1, the worm ortholog to human C/EBP, a pro-adipogenic transcription factor implicated in MS. MeHg increased the expression of cebp-1 as well as pro-adipogenic transcription factors sbp-1 and nhr-49, triglyceride synthesis enzyme acl-6, and lipid transport proteins vit-2 and vit-6. Concurrent with the altered gene expression, MeHg increased triglyceride levels, lipid storage, and feeding behaviors. Worms expressing mutant cebp-1 were protected from MeHg-induced alterations in lipid content, feeding behaviors, and gene expression, highlighting the importance of this transcription factor in the worm's response to MeHg. Taken together, our data demonstrate that MeHg induces biochemical, metabolic, and behavioral changes in C. elegans that can lead to metabolic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel W Caito
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Husson University School of Pharmacy, Bangor, Maine
| | | | - Megan Martell
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Husson University School of Pharmacy, Bangor, Maine
| | - Nicole Crawford
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Husson University School of Pharmacy, Bangor, Maine
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
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Gene Expression Analysis of Environmental Temperature and High-Fat Diet-Induced Changes in Mouse Supraclavicular Brown Adipose Tissue. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061370. [PMID: 34199472 PMCID: PMC8226907 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity, a dysregulation of adipose tissue, is a major health risk factor associated with many diseases. Brown adipose tissue (BAT)-mediated thermogenesis can potentially regulate energy expenditure, making it an attractive therapeutic target to combat obesity. Here, we characterize the effects of cold exposure, thermoneutrality, and high-fat diet (HFD) feeding on mouse supraclavicular BAT (scBAT) morphology and BAT-associated gene expression compared to other adipose depots, including the interscapular BAT (iBAT). scBAT was as sensitive to cold induced thermogenesis as iBAT and showed reduced thermogenic effect under thermoneutrality. While both scBAT and iBAT are sensitive to cold, the expression of genes involved in nutrient processing is different. The scBAT also showed less depot weight gain and more single-lipid adipocytes, while the expression of BAT thermogenic genes, such as Ucp1, remained similar or increased more under our HFD feeding regime at ambient and thermoneutral temperatures than iBAT. Together, these findings show that, in addition to its anatomical resemblance to human scBAT, mouse scBAT possesses thermogenic features distinct from those of other adipose depots. Lastly, this study also characterizes a previously unknown mouse deep neck BAT (dnBAT) depot that exhibits similar thermogenic characteristics as scBAT under cold exposure and thermoneutrality.
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Yamazaki T, Li D, Ikaga R. Fish Oil Increases Diet-Induced Thermogenesis in Mice. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:278. [PMID: 34067796 PMCID: PMC8156710 DOI: 10.3390/md19050278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing energy expenditure (EE) is beneficial for preventing obesity. Diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT) is one of the components of total EE. Therefore, increasing DIT is effective against obesity. We examined how much fish oil (FO) increased DIT by measuring absolute values of DIT in mice. C57BL/6J male mice were given diets of 30 energy% fat consisting of FO or safflower oil plus butter as control oil (Con). After administration for 9 days, respiration in mice was monitored, and then the data were used to calculate DIT and EE. DIT increased significantly by 1.2-fold in the FO-fed mice compared with the Con-fed mice. Body weight gain was significantly lower in the FO-fed mice. FO increased the levels of uncoupling protein 1 (Ucp1) mRNA and UCP1 protein in brown adipose tissue (BAT) by 1.5- and 1.2-fold, respectively. In subcutaneous white adipose tissue (subWAT), the levels of Ucp1 mRNA and UCP1 protein were increased by 6.3- and 2.7-fold, respectively, by FO administration. FO also significantly increased the expression of markers of browning in subWAT such as fibroblast growth factor 21 and cell death-inducing DNA fragmentation factor α-like effector a. Thus, dietary FO seems to increase DIT in mice via the increased expressions of Ucp1 in BAT and induced browning of subWAT. FO might be a promising dietary fat in the prevention of obesity by upregulation of energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomomi Yamazaki
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8636, Japan; (D.L.); (R.I.)
| | - Dongyang Li
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8636, Japan; (D.L.); (R.I.)
- The Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University, 2-1-1 Otsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan
| | - Reina Ikaga
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8636, Japan; (D.L.); (R.I.)
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Majeed Y, Halabi N, Madani AY, Engelke R, Bhagwat AM, Abdesselem H, Agha MV, Vakayil M, Courjaret R, Goswami N, Hamidane HB, Elrayess MA, Rafii A, Graumann J, Schmidt F, Mazloum NA. SIRT1 promotes lipid metabolism and mitochondrial biogenesis in adipocytes and coordinates adipogenesis by targeting key enzymatic pathways. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8177. [PMID: 33854178 PMCID: PMC8046990 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87759-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The NAD+-dependent deacetylase SIRT1 controls key metabolic functions by deacetylating target proteins and strategies that promote SIRT1 function such as SIRT1 overexpression or NAD+ boosters alleviate metabolic complications. We previously reported that SIRT1-depletion in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes led to C-Myc activation, adipocyte hyperplasia, and dysregulated adipocyte metabolism. Here, we characterized SIRT1-depleted adipocytes by quantitative mass spectrometry-based proteomics, gene-expression and biochemical analyses, and mitochondrial studies. We found that SIRT1 promoted mitochondrial biogenesis and respiration in adipocytes and expression of molecules like leptin, adiponectin, matrix metalloproteinases, lipocalin 2, and thyroid responsive protein was SIRT1-dependent. Independent validation of the proteomics dataset uncovered SIRT1-dependence of SREBF1c and PPARα signaling in adipocytes. SIRT1 promoted nicotinamide mononucleotide acetyltransferase 2 (NMNAT2) expression during 3T3-L1 differentiation and constitutively repressed NMNAT1 and 3 levels. Supplementing preadipocytes with the NAD+ booster nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) during differentiation increased expression levels of leptin, SIRT1, and PGC-1α and its transcriptional targets, and reduced levels of pro-fibrotic collagens (Col6A1 and Col6A3) in a SIRT1-dependent manner. Investigating the metabolic impact of the functional interaction of SIRT1 with SREBF1c and PPARα and insights into how NAD+ metabolism modulates adipocyte function could potentially lead to new avenues in developing therapeutics for obesity complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasser Majeed
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Najeeb Halabi
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Aisha Y Madani
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Rudolf Engelke
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Aditya M Bhagwat
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry, Max-Plank Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Ludwigstr 43, 61231, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Houari Abdesselem
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
- Neurological Disorders Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Maha V Agha
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
- Interim Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Muneera Vakayil
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Raphael Courjaret
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Neha Goswami
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hisham Ben Hamidane
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
- CSL Behring, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Arash Rafii
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Johannes Graumann
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry, Max-Plank Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Ludwigstr 43, 61231, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Frank Schmidt
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Nayef A Mazloum
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar.
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Huo W, Weng K, Gu T, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Xu Q, Chen G. Identification and characterization of the adipogenesis in intramuscular and subcutaneous adipocytes of the goose ( Anser cygnoides). Anim Biotechnol 2021; 33:1181-1189. [PMID: 33749492 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2021.1880420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Chinese geese are domesticated from wild swan (Anser cygnoides), which have maintained a strong capacity of fat deposit. Fat mainly distributes subcutaneous, abdominal, intermuscular or intramuscular in poultry, and they display some special physiological and biochemical characteristics in different parts. This study aimed to characterize the adipogenesis in intramuscular (IM) and subcutaneous (SC) adipocytes of the goose. Here, IM and SC preadipocytes were isolated from the 26-day-old Yangzhou goose embryos, and subsequently induced them to differentiate into mature adipocytes. The results showed that SC preadipocytes grew a little faster than IM preadipocytes during the logarithmic multiplication phase (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, SC adipocytes accumulated more lipid than IM adipocytes during the differentiation process in vitro (p < 0.01). In addition, the expression level of key genes involved in adipogenesis, including peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ/α (PPARγ/α), CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-α/β (C/EBPα/β), adipocyte fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4), and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) were detected. PPARγ, C/EBPα, FABP4, and LPL, were predominantly expressed in SC adipocytes, whereas C/EBPβ was highly expressed in IM adipocytes. Taken together, these results demonstrated that SC preadipocytes tended to grow faster and accumulate more lipid than IM adipocytes, and show greater potential for adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiran Huo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Kaiqi Weng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Tiantian Gu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Qi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Guohong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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Tung YC, Shih YA, Nagabhushanam K, Ho CT, Cheng AC, Pan MH. Coleus forskohlii and Garcinia indica extracts attenuated lipid accumulation by regulating energy metabolism and modulating gut microbiota in obese mice. Food Res Int 2021; 142:110143. [PMID: 33773654 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is related to energy imbalance and energy metabolism. In this study, we investigated the anti-obesity effects of Garcinia indica extract (GIE), Coleus forskohlii extract (CFE), and the combinations of these two extracts in a 3T3-L1 cells and high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. In vitro, GIE showed better effect on TG content than CFE, CFE showed better effect on glycerol released than GIE, and the combinations of GIE and CFE showed both effects compared with GIE and CFE alone. In vivo, GIE, LMIX (0.005% GIE + 0.025% CFE), and HMIX (0.01% GIE + 0.025% CFE) down-regulated adipogenesis-related transcription factors PPARγ and C/EBPα protein expression, CFE promoted lipolysis by up-regulated p-HSL and p-PKA protein expression, and four supplementations promoted fatty acid β-oxidation by up-regulating CPT-1A and PPARα protein expression to decrease lipid accumulation in adipose tissue. Moreover, we found that CFE, LMIX and HMIX, except GIE exert increasing the abundance of Bacteroides caccae compared with HFD group. Overall, GIE, CFE, and the combinations of GIE and CFE were able to decrease body weight and adipocyte size by promoting fatty acid β-oxidation and modulating gut microbiota in HFD-induced obese mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Chen Tung
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taiwan; Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ang Shih
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taiwan
| | | | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - An-Chin Cheng
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Min-Hsiung Pan
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Anti-Obesity Effects of a Prunus persica and Nelumbo nucifera Mixture in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12113392. [PMID: 33158191 PMCID: PMC7694277 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Prunus persica and Nelumbo nucifera are major crops cultivated worldwide. In East Asia, both P. persica flowers and N. nucifera leaves are traditionally used for therapeutic purposes and consumed as teas for weight loss. Herein, we investigated the anti-obesity effects of an herbal extract mixture of P. persica and N. nucifera (HT077) and the underlying mechanism using a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity model. Male C57BL/6 mice were fed a normal diet, HFD, HFD containing 0.02% orlistat (positive control), or HFD containing 0.1, 0.2, or 0.4% HT077 for 12 weeks. HT077 significantly reduced final body weights, weight gain, abdominal fat weights, liver weights, and hepatic levels of triglycerides and total cholesterol. HT077 also lowered glucose, cholesterol, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and leptin levels and increased AST/ALT and adiponectin/leptin ratios and adiponectin levels. Real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that HT077 decreased the expression of lipogenic genes and increased the expression of fatty acid oxidation-related genes in adipose tissue. Our results indicate that HT077 exerts anti-obesity effects and prevents the development of obesity-related metabolic disorders. These beneficial effects might be partially attributed to ameliorating adipokine imbalances and regulating lipid synthesis and fatty acid oxidation in adipose tissue.
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Carneros D, Medina-Gómez G, Giralt M, León-Camacho M, Campbell M, Moreno-Aliaga MJ, Villarroya F, Bustos M. Cardiotrophin-1 contributes to metabolic adaptations through the regulation of lipid metabolism and to the fasting-induced fatty acid mobilization. FASEB J 2020; 34:15875-15887. [PMID: 33047392 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000109r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
It is becoming clear that several human pathologies are caused by altered metabolic adaptations. During liver development, there are physiological changes, from the predominant utilization of glucose (fetal life) to the use of lipids (postnatal life). Fasting is another physiological stress that elicits well-known metabolic adjustments. We have reported the metabolic properties of cardiotrophin-1 (CT-1), a member of the interleukin-6 family of cytokines. Here, we aimed at analyzing the role of CT-1 in response to these metabolic changes. We used different in vivo models. Furthermore, a differential study was carried out with wild-type and CT-1 null mice in fed (ad libitum) and food-restricted conditions. We demonstrated that Ct-1 is a metabolic gene induced in the liver via PPARα in response to lipids in mice (neonates- and food-restricted adults). We found that Ct-1 mRNA expression in white adipose tissue directly involved PPARα and PPARγ. Finally, the physiological role of CT-1 in fasting is confirmed by the impaired food restriction-induced adipose tissue lipid mobilization in CT-1 null mice. Our findings support a previously unrecognized physiological role of CT-1 in metabolic adaptations, through the regulation of lipid metabolism and contributes to fasting-induced free fatty acid mobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Carneros
- Area of Liver, Digestive and Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), University of Seville, Virgen del Rocio University Hospital, Seville, Spain
| | - Gema Medina-Gómez
- Department of Basic Sciences of Health, Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rey Juan Carlos University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Giralt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Barcelona University, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel León-Camacho
- Department of Lipid Characterization and Quality, Instituto de la Grasa (CSIC), Seville, Spain
| | - Mark Campbell
- MRC MDU, Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Maria J Moreno-Aliaga
- CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Centre for Nutrition Research and Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Navarra's Health Research Institute (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Francesc Villarroya
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Barcelona University, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Matilde Bustos
- Area of Liver, Digestive and Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), University of Seville, Virgen del Rocio University Hospital, Seville, Spain
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39
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Wu H, Jang J, Dridi S, Ferrando AA, Wolfe RR, Kim IY, Baum JI. Net protein balance correlates with expression of autophagy, mitochondrial biogenesis, and fat metabolism-related genes in skeletal muscle from older adults. Physiol Rep 2020; 8:e14575. [PMID: 33063954 PMCID: PMC7556313 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms leading to sarcopenia, the main cause for frailty in older adults, are still unclear. Autophagy and the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) may play a role in mediating muscle protein breakdown related to sarcopenia. In addition to loss of muscle mass, compromised muscle performance observed in sarcopenic patients has been linked to muscle mitochondria dysfunction. Increased fat deposition and fat cell infiltration in muscle frequently seen in skeletal muscle of older adults may play an additional role for the pathogenesis of sarcopenia. Therefore, the first objective of this study was to understand differences in expression of genes related to autophagy, UPS, mitochondrial biogenesis, and fat metabolism in skeletal muscle of older adults compared with young adults. Our second objective was to determine the correlation between whole body protein kinetics (WBPK) and gene expression with age. Real-time quantitative PCR was used to determine the relative expression of targeted genes, and hierarchical regression analysis was used to determine if age had a moderating effect on the correlation between expression of targeted genes and WBPK. Increases in the expression of autophagy-related genes and fat metabolism-related genes were observed in muscle of older adults compared with young adults. In addition, age enhanced the negative correlations between mitochondrial biogenesis genes and net protein balance. These results suggest that dysregulated gene expression of mitochondrial biogenesis could play a role in muscle loss in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hexirui Wu
- Center for Human Nutrition, Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Jiwoong Jang
- Korea Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sami Dridi
- Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Arny A Ferrando
- Department of Geriatrics, Center for Translational Research in Aging and Longevity, Donald W. Reynolds Institute on Aging, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Robert R Wolfe
- Department of Geriatrics, Center for Translational Research in Aging and Longevity, Donald W. Reynolds Institute on Aging, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Il-Young Kim
- Korea Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jamie I Baum
- Center for Human Nutrition, Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
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40
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Cai H, Wen Z, Li X, Meng K, Yang P. Lactobacillus plantarum FRT10 alleviated high-fat diet-induced obesity in mice through regulating the PPARα signal pathway and gut microbiota. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:5959-5972. [PMID: 32409945 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10620-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies showed that probiotics supplementation contributed to alleviate obesity. This work was to assess the efficacy of Lactobacillus plantarum FRT10 from sour dough in alleviating obesity in mice fed with a high-fat diet (HFD), and the underlying mechanisms focusing on modulation of the gut microbiota profile. Kunming mice were fed with a regular diet (CT), a high-fat diet (HFD), and two HFDs containing low and high doses of L. plantarum FRT10 for 8 weeks. The physiological and biochemical modulations in liver were analyzed. Cecal contents were analyzed by high-throughput 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing. FRT10 supplementation significantly reduced body weight gain, fat weight, and liver triacylglycerols (TGs) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) concentrations (P < 0.05). FRT10 significantly ameliorated the HFD-induced gut dysbiosis, as evidenced by increased abundance of microbes, including Butyricicoccus, Butyricimonas, Intestinimonas, Odoribacter, and Alistipes, and decreased abundance of Desulfovibrionaceae, Roseburia, and Lachnoclostridium. Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and Akkermansia were markedly increased after FRT10 intervention. In addition, real-time quantitative PCR revealed that FRT10 upregulated the mRNA expression levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPARα) and carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1α (CPT1α), and downregulated the mRNA expression levels of sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP-1) and TG-synthesizing enzyme diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) in liver. These findings suggested that FRT10 had anti-obesity effects in obese mice partly related to the activation of PPARα/CPT1α pathway. FRT10 can be considered a single probiotic agent for preventing HFD-induced obesity in humans and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongying Cai
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.,National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zhiguo Wen
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xiumei Li
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Kun Meng
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Peilong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China. .,National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Beijing, 100081, China.
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Gordon DM, Neifer KL, Hamoud ARA, Hawk CF, Nestor-Kalinoski AL, Miruzzi SA, Morran MP, Adeosun SO, Sarver JG, Erhardt PW, McCullumsmith RE, Stec DE, Hinds TD. Bilirubin remodels murine white adipose tissue by reshaping mitochondrial activity and the coregulator profile of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:9804-9822. [PMID: 32404366 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.013700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of lipid-burning pathways in the fat-storing white adipose tissue (WAT) is a promising strategy to improve metabolic health and reduce obesity, insulin resistance, and type II diabetes. For unknown reasons, bilirubin levels are negatively associated with obesity and diabetes. Here, using mice and an array of approaches, including MRI to assess body composition, biochemical assays to measure bilirubin and fatty acids, MitoTracker-based mitochondrial analysis, immunofluorescence, and high-throughput coregulator analysis, we show that bilirubin functions as a molecular switch for the nuclear receptor transcription factor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα). Bilirubin exerted its effects by recruiting and dissociating specific coregulators in WAT, driving the expression of PPARα target genes such as uncoupling protein 1 (Ucp1) and adrenoreceptor β 3 (Adrb3). We also found that bilirubin is a selective ligand for PPARα and does not affect the activities of the related proteins PPARγ and PPARδ. We further found that diet-induced obese mice with mild hyperbilirubinemia have reduced WAT size and an increased number of mitochondria, associated with a restructuring of PPARα-binding coregulators. We conclude that bilirubin strongly affects organismal body weight by reshaping the PPARα coregulator profile, remodeling WAT to improve metabolic function, and reducing fat accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren M Gordon
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, USA.,Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research (CeDER), University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Kari L Neifer
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Abdul-Rizaq Ali Hamoud
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Charles F Hawk
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Andrea L Nestor-Kalinoski
- Advanced Microscopy and Imaging Center, Department of Surgery, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Scott A Miruzzi
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Michael P Morran
- Advanced Microscopy and Imaging Center, Department of Surgery, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Samuel O Adeosun
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Cardiorenal and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Jeffrey G Sarver
- Center for Drug Design and Development (CD3), Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Toledo College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Paul W Erhardt
- Center for Drug Design and Development (CD3), Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, University of Toledo College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Robert E McCullumsmith
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, USA.,ProMedica, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - David E Stec
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Cardiorenal and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Terry D Hinds
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, USA .,Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research (CeDER), University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, USA
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Tada A, Misawa E, Tanaka M, Saito M, Nabeshima K, Yamauchi K, Abe F, Goto T, Kawada T. Investigating Anti-Obesity Effects by Oral Administration of Aloe vera Gel Extract (AVGE): Possible Involvement in Activation of Brown Adipose Tissue (BAT). J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2020; 66:176-184. [PMID: 32350179 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.66.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the mechanism of anti-obesity effects of Aloe vera gel extract (AVGE) containing Aloe sterols. Previously, we reported that oral intake of Aloe vera components has an anti-diabetic and anti-obesity effect. This study was designed to assess the role of brown adipose tissue (BAT) in the anti-obesity effect of AVGE. Six-week-old male mice were divided into three groups; STD (standard diet), HFD (60% high fat diet) and AVGE (60% high fat diet with AVGE treatment). During 11 wk of AVGE administration, body weight has been monitored. Tissue samples were obtained to be measured the weight and evaluated the gene expressions. Mice treated with AVGE had suppressed body weight, and liver and fat weight gain. To investigate BAT activation, we measured the expression of mRNA related to BAT thermogenesis. Mice in the AVGE group had higher expression of Ucp1, Adrb3, and Cidea in BAT compared to HFD. Next, to investigate the possibility that AVGE induced hepatic FGF21, which is an important factor for nutrient and energy homeostasis including BAT regulation, in vitro study was conducted. HepG2 cell stimulated by AVGE were highly expressed FGF21. These results suggested that BAT activation partially contributes to mechanism of anti-obesity effect of Aloe sterols in diet-induced obesity (DIO) models. However, further study is needed to determine the predominant mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asuka Tada
- Food Ingredients & Technology Institute, R&D Division, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd
| | - Eriko Misawa
- Food Ingredients & Technology Institute, R&D Division, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd
| | - Miyuki Tanaka
- Food Ingredients & Technology Institute, R&D Division, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd
| | - Marie Saito
- Food Ingredients & Technology Institute, R&D Division, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd
| | - Kazumi Nabeshima
- Food Ingredients & Technology Institute, R&D Division, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd
| | - Koji Yamauchi
- Food Ingredients & Technology Institute, R&D Division, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd
| | - Fumiaki Abe
- Food Ingredients & Technology Institute, R&D Division, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd
| | - Tsuyoshi Goto
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University.,The Center for the Promotion of Interdisciplinary Education and Research (C-PIER), Kyoto University
| | - Teruo Kawada
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University.,The Center for the Promotion of Interdisciplinary Education and Research (C-PIER), Kyoto University
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43
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Ahn EM, Asamenew G, Kim HW, Lee SH, Yoo SM, Cho SM, Cha YS, Kang MS. Anti-Obesity Effects of Petasites japonicus (Meowi) Ethanol Extract on RAW 264.7 Macrophages and 3T3-L1 Adipocytes and Its Characterization of Polyphenolic Compounds. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12051261. [PMID: 32365527 PMCID: PMC7282023 DOI: 10.3390/nu12051261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Koreans have been consuming Petasites Japonicus (PJ) as food. Although the therapeutic effect of PJ on allergic or inflammatory reactions associated with asthma has been proven, its effect on obesity is unclear. Therefore, the present study was aimed to assess the obesity related anti-inflammatory and anti-adipogenic effects of ethanol extract PJ (EPJ) on the inflammatory response in RAW 264.7 macrophages and on differentiation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. In addition, the polyphenolic compound was quantitatively characterized from the EPJ using ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detector, quadrupole time-of-flight-mass spectrometry (UPLC-DAD-QToF-MS). In RAW 264.7 or 3T3-L1, reduction of nitric oxide (in macrophages) production as well as monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and tumor necrosis factor-α were observed. Treatment of EPJ in adipocyte differentiation showed an improvement in adiponectin and lipid accumulation and a significant reduction of PPARγ and FABP-4 mRNA expression levels. On the other hand, mRNA expression of UCP-1, PPARα, and ACO increased in the EPJ treated group. In addition, a total of 26 polyphenolic compounds were detected and of which 12 are reported for the first time from PJ. The higher content of diverse polyphenolic compounds presented in EPJ might be responsible for the observed anti-inflammatory and anti-adipogenic effect. These results suggest that PJ is valuable in improving obesity-related inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Mi Ahn
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do 54896, Korea
| | - Gelila Asamenew
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do 54896, Korea
- Department of Agrofood Resources, Food and Nutrition Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, 166 Nongsaengmyeong-ro Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Korea
| | - Heon Woong Kim
- Department of Agrofood Resources, Food and Nutrition Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, 166 Nongsaengmyeong-ro Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Korea
| | - Sang Hoon Lee
- Department of Agrofood Resources, Food and Nutrition Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, 166 Nongsaengmyeong-ro Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Korea
| | - Seon-Mi Yoo
- Department of Agrofood Resources, Food and Nutrition Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, 166 Nongsaengmyeong-ro Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Korea
| | - Soo-Muk Cho
- Department of Agrofood Resources, Food and Nutrition Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, 166 Nongsaengmyeong-ro Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Korea
| | - Youn-Soo Cha
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do 54896, Korea
| | - Min-Sook Kang
- Department of Agrofood Resources, Food and Nutrition Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, 166 Nongsaengmyeong-ro Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-63-238-3581
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Régnier M, Polizzi A, Smati S, Lukowicz C, Fougerat A, Lippi Y, Fouché E, Lasserre F, Naylies C, Bétoulières C, Barquissau V, Mouisel E, Bertrand-Michel J, Batut A, Saati TA, Canlet C, Tremblay-Franco M, Ellero-Simatos S, Langin D, Postic C, Wahli W, Loiseau N, Guillou H, Montagner A. Hepatocyte-specific deletion of Pparα promotes NAFLD in the context of obesity. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6489. [PMID: 32300166 PMCID: PMC7162950 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63579-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor α (PPARα) acts as a fatty acid sensor to orchestrate the transcription of genes coding for rate-limiting enzymes required for lipid oxidation in hepatocytes. Mice only lacking Pparα in hepatocytes spontaneously develop steatosis without obesity in aging. Steatosis can develop into non alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which may progress to irreversible damage, such as fibrosis and hepatocarcinoma. While NASH appears as a major public health concern worldwide, it remains an unmet medical need. In the current study, we investigated the role of hepatocyte PPARα in a preclinical model of steatosis. For this, we used High Fat Diet (HFD) feeding as a model of obesity in C57BL/6 J male Wild-Type mice (WT), in whole-body Pparα- deficient mice (Pparα−/−) and in mice lacking Pparα only in hepatocytes (Pparαhep−/−). We provide evidence that Pparα deletion in hepatocytes promotes NAFLD and liver inflammation in mice fed a HFD. This enhanced NAFLD susceptibility occurs without development of glucose intolerance. Moreover, our data reveal that non-hepatocytic PPARα activity predominantly contributes to the metabolic response to HFD. Taken together, our data support hepatocyte PPARα as being essential to the prevention of NAFLD and that extra-hepatocyte PPARα activity contributes to whole-body lipid homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Régnier
- Toxalim, INRAE UMR 1331, ENVT, INP-Purpan, University of Toulouse, Paul Sabatier University, F-31027, Toulouse, France
| | - Arnaud Polizzi
- Toxalim, INRAE UMR 1331, ENVT, INP-Purpan, University of Toulouse, Paul Sabatier University, F-31027, Toulouse, France
| | - Sarra Smati
- Toxalim, INRAE UMR 1331, ENVT, INP-Purpan, University of Toulouse, Paul Sabatier University, F-31027, Toulouse, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR1048, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Toulouse, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
| | - Céline Lukowicz
- Toxalim, INRAE UMR 1331, ENVT, INP-Purpan, University of Toulouse, Paul Sabatier University, F-31027, Toulouse, France
| | - Anne Fougerat
- Toxalim, INRAE UMR 1331, ENVT, INP-Purpan, University of Toulouse, Paul Sabatier University, F-31027, Toulouse, France
| | - Yannick Lippi
- Toxalim, INRAE UMR 1331, ENVT, INP-Purpan, University of Toulouse, Paul Sabatier University, F-31027, Toulouse, France
| | - Edwin Fouché
- Toxalim, INRAE UMR 1331, ENVT, INP-Purpan, University of Toulouse, Paul Sabatier University, F-31027, Toulouse, France
| | - Frédéric Lasserre
- Toxalim, INRAE UMR 1331, ENVT, INP-Purpan, University of Toulouse, Paul Sabatier University, F-31027, Toulouse, France
| | - Claire Naylies
- Toxalim, INRAE UMR 1331, ENVT, INP-Purpan, University of Toulouse, Paul Sabatier University, F-31027, Toulouse, France
| | - Colette Bétoulières
- Toxalim, INRAE UMR 1331, ENVT, INP-Purpan, University of Toulouse, Paul Sabatier University, F-31027, Toulouse, France
| | - Valentin Barquissau
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR1048, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Toulouse, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
| | - Etienne Mouisel
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR1048, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Toulouse, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
| | - Justine Bertrand-Michel
- Metatoul-Lipidomic Facility, MetaboHUB, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR1048, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Toulouse, France
| | - Aurélie Batut
- Metatoul-Lipidomic Facility, MetaboHUB, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR1048, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Toulouse, France
| | - Talal Al Saati
- Service d'Histopathologie Expérimentale Unité INSERM/UPS/ENVT-US006/CREFRE Inserm, CHU Purpan, 31024, Toulouse, cedex 3, France
| | - Cécile Canlet
- Toxalim, INRAE UMR 1331, ENVT, INP-Purpan, University of Toulouse, Paul Sabatier University, F-31027, Toulouse, France
| | - Marie Tremblay-Franco
- Toxalim, INRAE UMR 1331, ENVT, INP-Purpan, University of Toulouse, Paul Sabatier University, F-31027, Toulouse, France
| | - Sandrine Ellero-Simatos
- Toxalim, INRAE UMR 1331, ENVT, INP-Purpan, University of Toulouse, Paul Sabatier University, F-31027, Toulouse, France
| | - Dominique Langin
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR1048, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Toulouse, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France.,Toulouse University Hospitals, Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, Toulouse, France
| | - Catherine Postic
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Walter Wahli
- Toxalim, INRAE UMR 1331, ENVT, INP-Purpan, University of Toulouse, Paul Sabatier University, F-31027, Toulouse, France.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Clinical Sciences Building, 11 Mandalay Road, Nanyang, Singapore.,Center for Integrative Genomics, Université de Lausanne, Le Génopode, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Loiseau
- Toxalim, INRAE UMR 1331, ENVT, INP-Purpan, University of Toulouse, Paul Sabatier University, F-31027, Toulouse, France
| | - Hervé Guillou
- Toxalim, INRAE UMR 1331, ENVT, INP-Purpan, University of Toulouse, Paul Sabatier University, F-31027, Toulouse, France.
| | - Alexandra Montagner
- Toxalim, INRAE UMR 1331, ENVT, INP-Purpan, University of Toulouse, Paul Sabatier University, F-31027, Toulouse, France. .,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR1048, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Toulouse, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France.
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Urtica dioica Whole Vegetable as a Functional Food Targeting Fat Accumulation and Insulin Resistance-a Preliminary Study in a Mouse Pre-Diabetic Model. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12041059. [PMID: 32290353 PMCID: PMC7231388 DOI: 10.3390/nu12041059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The shoot of Urtica dioica is used in several cultures as a vegetable or herb. However, not much has been studied about the potential of this plant when consumed as a whole food/vegetable rather than an extract for dietary supplements. In a 12-week dietary intervention study, we tested the effect of U. dioica vegetable on high fat diet induced obesity and insulin resistance in C57BL/6J mice. Mice were fed ad libitum with isocaloric diets containing 10% fat or 45% fat with or without U. dioica. The diet supplemented with U. dioica attenuated high fat diet induced weight gain (p < 0.005; n = 9), fat accumulation in adipose tissue (p < 0.005; n = 9), and whole-body insulin resistance (HOMA-IR index) (p < 0.001; n = 9). Analysis of gene expression in skeletal muscle showed no effect on the constituents of the insulin signaling pathway (AKT, IRS proteins, PI3K, GLUT4, and insulin receptor). Notable genes that impact lipid or glucose metabolism and whose expression was changed by U. dioica include fasting induced adipocyte factor (FIAF) in adipose and skeletal muscle, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (Ppar-α) and forkhead box protein (FOXO1) in muscle and liver, and Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (Cpt1) in liver (p < 0.01). We conclude that U. dioica vegetable protects against diet induced obesity through mechanisms involving lipid accumulation and glucose metabolism in skeletal muscle, liver, and adipose tissue.
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Cisneros-Zevallos L, Bang WY, Delgadillo-Puga C. Ellagic Acid and Urolithins A and B Differentially Regulate Fat Accumulation and Inflammation in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes While Not Affecting Adipogenesis and Insulin Sensitivity. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21062086. [PMID: 32197417 PMCID: PMC7139477 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21062086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ellagic acid (EA) is a component of ellagitannins, present in crops such as pecans, walnuts, and many berries, which metabolized by the gut microbiota forms urolithins A, B, C, or D. In this study, ellagic acid, as well as urolithins A and B, were tested on 3T3-L1 preadipocytes for differentiation and lipid accumulation. In addition, inflammation was studied in mature adipocytes challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Results indicated that EA and urolithins A and B did not affect differentiation (adipogenesis) and only EA and urolithin A attenuated lipid accumulation (lipogenesis), which seemed to be through gene regulation of glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) and adiponectin. On the other hand, gene expression of cytokines and proteins associated with the inflammation process indicate that urolithins and EA differentially inhibit tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1). Urolithins A and B were found to reduce nuclear levels of phosphorylated nuclear factor κB (p-NF-κB), whereas all treatments showed expression of nuclear phosphorylated protein kinase B (p-AKT) in challenged LPS cells when treated with insulin, indicating the fact that adipocytes remained insulin sensitive. In general, urolithin A is a compound able to reduce lipid accumulation, without affecting the protein expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ), CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-α (c/EBPα), and PPARα, whereas EA and urolithin B were found to enhance PPARγ and c/EBPα protein expressions as well as fatty acid (FA) oxidation, and differentially affected lipid accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Cisneros-Zevallos
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2133, USA;
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-979-845-3244
| | - Woo Young Bang
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2133, USA;
| | - Claudia Delgadillo-Puga
- Departamento de Nutrición Animal Dr. Fernando Pérez-Gil Romo, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán (INCMNSZ), CDMX 14080, Mexico;
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Jung YJ, Kim HK, Cho Y, Choi JS, Woo CH, Lee KS, Sul JH, Lee CM, Han J, Park JH, Jo DG, Cho YW. Cell reprogramming using extracellular vesicles from differentiating stem cells into white/beige adipocytes. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaay6721. [PMID: 32232152 PMCID: PMC7096171 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aay6721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) offer alternative approaches to stem cell-based therapy for regenerative medicine. In this study, stem cell EVs derived during differentiation are developed to use as cell-free therapeutic systems by inducing tissue-specific differentiation. EVs are isolated from human adipose-derived stem cells (HASCs) during white and beige adipogenic differentiation (D-EV and BD-EV, respectively) via tangential flow filtration. D-EV and BD-EV can successfully differentiate HASCs into white and beige adipocytes, respectively. D-EV are transplanted with collagen/methylcellulose hydrogels on the backs of BALB/c mice, and they produce numerous lipid droplets in injected sites. Treatments of BD-EV attenuate diet-induced obesity through browning of adipose tissue in mice. Furthermore, high-fat diet-induced hepatic steatosis and glucose tolerance are improved by BD-EV treatment. miRNAs are responsible for the observed effects of BD-EV. These results reveal that secreted EVs during stem cell differentiation into white adipocytes or beige adipocytes can promote cell reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youn Jae Jung
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University ERICA, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
- ExoStemTech Inc., Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Hark Kyun Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonsuk Cho
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Suk Choi
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University ERICA, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
- ExoStemTech Inc., Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hee Woo
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University ERICA, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
- ExoStemTech Inc., Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Soo Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University ERICA, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hoon Sul
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Mi Lee
- ExoStemTech Inc., Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihoon Han
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hyung Park
- ExoStemTech Inc., Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Institute for Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Gyu Jo
- ExoStemTech Inc., Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Institute for Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Corresponding author. (D.-G.J.); (Y.W.C.)
| | - Yong Woo Cho
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University ERICA, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
- ExoStemTech Inc., Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
- Corresponding author. (D.-G.J.); (Y.W.C.)
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Iwase M, Sakai S, Seno S, Yeh YS, Kuo T, Takahashi H, Nomura W, Jheng HF, Horton P, Osato N, Matsuda H, Inoue K, Kawada T, Goto T. Long non-coding RNA 2310069B03Rik functions as a suppressor of Ucp1 expression under prolonged cold exposure in murine beige adipocytes. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2020; 84:305-313. [DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2019.1677451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Specific conditions, such as exposure to cold, can induce the production of brown-like adipocytes in white adipose tissue. These adipocytes express high levels of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) and energy expended by generating heat. Thus, these are a potential target for the prevention or treatment of obesity. The present study involved a comprehensive analysis of the adipose tissue to understand the relationship between long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) 2310069B03Rik and UCP1. Cold exposure increased both lncRNA 2310069B03Rik and Ucp1 expression in inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT). However, overexpression of lncRNA 2310069B03Rik suppressed the Ucp1 mRNA expression and the promoter activity of UCP1 in the iWAT primary adipocytes. In addition, compared to the early induction of Ucp1 expression by cold stimulation, the induction of lncRNA 2310069B03Rik expression was later. These results suggest that lncRNA 2310069B03Rik functions as a suppression factor of Ucp1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Iwase
- Laboratory of Molecular Functions of Food, Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shoko Sakai
- Laboratory of Molecular Functions of Food, Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shigeto Seno
- Department of Bioinformatic Engineering, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Yu-Sheng Yeh
- Laboratory of Molecular Functions of Food, Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tony Kuo
- Artificial Intelligence Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruya Takahashi
- Laboratory of Molecular Functions of Food, Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Wataru Nomura
- Laboratory of Molecular Functions of Food, Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Huei-Fen Jheng
- Laboratory of Molecular Functions of Food, Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Paul Horton
- Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Cheng Kung University (NCKU), Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Naoki Osato
- Department of Bioinformatic Engineering, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Hideo Matsuda
- Department of Bioinformatic Engineering, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Kazuo Inoue
- Laboratory of Molecular Functions of Food, Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Teruo Kawada
- Laboratory of Molecular Functions of Food, Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Research Unit for Physiological Chemistry, Center for the Promotion of Interdisciplinary Education and Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Goto
- Laboratory of Molecular Functions of Food, Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Research Unit for Physiological Chemistry, Center for the Promotion of Interdisciplinary Education and Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Mazzoli A, Spagnuolo MS, Gatto C, Nazzaro M, Cancelliere R, Crescenzo R, Iossa S, Cigliano L. Adipose Tissue and Brain Metabolic Responses to Western Diet-Is There a Similarity between the Two? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21030786. [PMID: 31991770 PMCID: PMC7036881 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary fats and sugars were identified as risk factors for overweight and neurodegeneration, especially in middle-age, an earlier stage of the aging process. Therefore, our aim was to study the metabolic response of both white adipose tissue and brain in middle aged rats fed a typical Western diet (high in saturated fats and fructose, HFF) and verify whether a similarity exists between the two tissues. Specific cyto/adipokines (tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), adiponectin), critical obesity-inflammatory markers (haptoglobin, lipocalin), and insulin signaling or survival protein network (insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS), Akt, Erk) were quantified in epididymal white adipose tissue (e-WAT), hippocampus, and frontal cortex. We found a significant increase of TNF-α in both e-WAT and hippocampus of HFF rats, while the expression of haptoglobin and lipocalin was differently affected in the various tissues. Interestingly, adiponectin amount was found significantly reduced in e-WAT, hippocampus, and frontal cortex of HFF rats. Insulin signaling was impaired by HFF diet in e-WAT but not in brain. The above changes were associated with the decrease in brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and synaptotagmin I and the increase in post-synaptic protein PSD-95 in HFF rats. Overall, our investigation supports for the first time similarities in the response of adipose tissue and brain to Western diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Mazzoli
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80134 Naples, Italy; (A.M.); (C.G.); (M.N.); (R.C.); (R.C.)
| | - Maria Stefania Spagnuolo
- Department of Bio-Agrofood Science, Institute for the Animal Production System in Mediterranean Environment, National Research Council Naples (CNR-ISPAAM), 80147 Naples, Italy;
| | - Cristina Gatto
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80134 Naples, Italy; (A.M.); (C.G.); (M.N.); (R.C.); (R.C.)
| | - Martina Nazzaro
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80134 Naples, Italy; (A.M.); (C.G.); (M.N.); (R.C.); (R.C.)
| | - Rosa Cancelliere
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80134 Naples, Italy; (A.M.); (C.G.); (M.N.); (R.C.); (R.C.)
| | - Raffaella Crescenzo
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80134 Naples, Italy; (A.M.); (C.G.); (M.N.); (R.C.); (R.C.)
| | - Susanna Iossa
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80134 Naples, Italy; (A.M.); (C.G.); (M.N.); (R.C.); (R.C.)
- Correspondence: (S.I.); (L.C.)
| | - Luisa Cigliano
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80134 Naples, Italy; (A.M.); (C.G.); (M.N.); (R.C.); (R.C.)
- Correspondence: (S.I.); (L.C.)
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50
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Andres Contreras G, De Koster J, de Souza J, Laguna J, Mavangira V, Nelli RK, Gandy J, Lock AL, Sordillo LM. Lipolysis modulates the biosynthesis of inflammatory lipid mediators derived from linoleic acid in adipose tissue of periparturient dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2019; 103:1944-1955. [PMID: 31759597 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-17256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Oxidized linoleic acid metabolites (OXLAM) are products of adipocyte lipolysis with the potential to modulate adipose tissue (AT) lipid metabolism and inflammation. In periparturient cows, linoleic acid is preferentially mobilized from AT during lipolysis by hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) compared with other polyunsaturated fatty acids. Enzymatic and nonenzymatic reactions generate OXLAM from linoleic acid. Among OXLAM, 9-, 10-, and 12-hydroxy-octadecadienoic acids (HODE) are associated with pro-inflammatory responses, whereas 9- and 13-oxo-octadecadienoic acids (oxoODE) and 13-HODE can facilitate inflammation resolution and promote lipogenesis. This study evaluated the effect of HSL activity on OXLAM biosynthesis using subcutaneous AT explants collected from multiparous dairy cows at 10 d before and again at 10 and 24 d after calving. Explants were treated for 3 h without or with the β-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol (ISO; 1 µM; MilliporeSigma, Burlington, MA) to induce HSL activity. The contribution of HSL to OXLAM biosynthesis was determined by inhibiting its activity with CAY10499 (2 µM; Cayman Chemical, Ann Arbor, MI). After treatments, media and explants were collected for lipidomic analysis using HPLC-tandem mass spectroscopy. Results indicated that ISO increased the biosynthesis of 9-, 12-, and 13-HODE and 9-oxoODE, and this effect was reduced at 24 d after calving. Inhibiting HSL activity partially reversed ISO effects on HODE and 9-oxoODE. Our ex vivo model demonstrated for the first time a direct effect of HSL activity on the biosynthesis of OXLAM in AT, especially at 10 d before and 10 d after calving. The biosynthesis of anti-inflammatory OXLAM is limited during the first weeks after parturition and may promote AT inflammation and lipolytic responses to negative energy balance. These results indicate that HSL activity releases linoleic acid for OXLAM biosynthesis in concentrations of a magnitude that may bypass the need for the activation of phospholipases linked with the inflammatory cascade and thus supports, in part, lipolysis-driven inflammation within AT of periparturient cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Andres Contreras
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824.
| | - Jenne De Koster
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824
| | - Jonas de Souza
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824
| | - Juliana Laguna
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824; Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824
| | - Vengai Mavangira
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824
| | - Rahul K Nelli
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824
| | - Jeff Gandy
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824
| | - Adam L Lock
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824
| | - Lorraine M Sordillo
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824
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