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Lohitaksha K, Kumari D, Shukla M, Byagari L, Ashireddygari VR, Tammineni P, Reddanna P, Gorla M. Eicosanoid signaling in neuroinflammation associated with Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 976:176694. [PMID: 38821162 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative condition affecting a substantial portion of the global population. It is marked by a complex interplay of factors, including the accumulation of amyloid plaques and tau tangles within the brain, leading to neuroinflammation and neuronal damage. Recent studies have underscored the role of free lipids and their derivatives in the initiation and progression of AD. Eicosanoids, metabolites of polyunsaturated fatty acids like arachidonic acid (AA), emerge as key players in this scenario. Remarkably, eicosanoids can either promote or inhibit the development of AD, and this multifaceted role is determined by how eicosanoid signaling influences the immune responses within the brain. However, the precise molecular mechanisms dictating the dual role of eicosanoids in AD remain elusive. In this comprehensive review, we explore the intricate involvement of eicosanoids in neuronal function and dysfunction. Furthermore, we assess the therapeutic potential of targeting eicosanoid signaling pathways as a viable strategy for mitigating or halting the progression of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Deepika Kumari
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
| | - Manas Shukla
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Lavanya Byagari
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - Prasad Tammineni
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Pallu Reddanna
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India; Brane Enterprises Private Limited, Hyderabad, India.
| | - Madhavi Gorla
- National Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Hyderabad, India.
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2
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Khoshnam SE, Moalemnia A, Anbiyaee O, Farzaneh M, Ghaderi S. LncRNA MALAT1 and Ischemic Stroke: Pathogenesis and Opportunities. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:4369-4380. [PMID: 38087169 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03853-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke (IS) stands as a prominent cause of mortality and long-term disability around the world. It arises primarily from a disruption in cerebral blood flow, inflicting severe neural injuries. Hence, there is a pressing need to comprehensively understand the intricate mechanisms underlying IS and identify novel therapeutic targets. Recently, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as a novel class of regulatory molecules with the potential to attenuate pathogenic mechanisms following IS. Among these lncRNAs, MALAT1 (metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1) has been extensively studied due to its involvement in the pathophysiological processes of IS. In this review, we provide an in-depth analysis of the essential role of MALAT1 in the development and progression of both pathogenic and protective mechanisms following IS. These mechanisms include oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, cell death signaling, blood brain barrier dysfunction, and angiogenesis. Furthermore, we summarize the impact of MALAT1 on the susceptibility and severity of IS. This review highlights the potential risks associated with the therapeutic use of MALAT1 for IS, which are attributable to the stimulatory action of MALAT1 on ischemia/reperfusion injury. Ultimately, this review sheds light on the potential molecular mechanisms and associated signaling pathways underlying MALAT1 expression post-IS, with the aim of uncovering potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Esmaeil Khoshnam
- Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Arash Moalemnia
- Faculty of Medicine, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran
| | - Omid Anbiyaee
- School of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Center, Namazi Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Farzaneh
- Fertility, Infertility and Perinatology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Shahab Ghaderi
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Science and Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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3
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Van Hul M, Neyrinck AM, Everard A, Abot A, Bindels LB, Delzenne NM, Knauf C, Cani PD. Role of the intestinal microbiota in contributing to weight disorders and associated comorbidities. Clin Microbiol Rev 2024:e0004523. [PMID: 38940505 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00045-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
SUMMARYThe gut microbiota is a major factor contributing to the regulation of energy homeostasis and has been linked to both excessive body weight and accumulation of fat mass (i.e., overweight, obesity) or body weight loss, weakness, muscle atrophy, and fat depletion (i.e., cachexia). These syndromes are characterized by multiple metabolic dysfunctions including abnormal regulation of food reward and intake, energy storage, and low-grade inflammation. Given the increasing worldwide prevalence of obesity, cachexia, and associated metabolic disorders, novel therapeutic strategies are needed. Among the different mechanisms explaining how the gut microbiota is capable of influencing host metabolism and energy balance, numerous studies have investigated the complex interactions existing between nutrition, gut microbes, and their metabolites. In this review, we discuss how gut microbes and different microbiota-derived metabolites regulate host metabolism. We describe the role of the gut barrier function in the onset of inflammation in this context. We explore the importance of the gut-to-brain axis in the regulation of energy homeostasis and glucose metabolism but also the key role played by the liver. Finally, we present specific key examples of how using targeted approaches such as prebiotics and probiotics might affect specific metabolites, their signaling pathways, and their interactions with the host and reflect on the challenges to move from bench to bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Van Hul
- UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group (MNUT), Brussels, Belgium
- Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology (WELBIO), WELBIO department, WEL Research Institute, Wavre, Belgium
- NeuroMicrobiota, International Research Program (IRP) INSERM/UCLouvain, France/Belgium
| | - Audrey M Neyrinck
- UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group (MNUT), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Amandine Everard
- UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group (MNUT), Brussels, Belgium
- Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology (WELBIO), WELBIO department, WEL Research Institute, Wavre, Belgium
| | | | - Laure B Bindels
- UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group (MNUT), Brussels, Belgium
- Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology (WELBIO), WELBIO department, WEL Research Institute, Wavre, Belgium
| | - Nathalie M Delzenne
- UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group (MNUT), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Claude Knauf
- NeuroMicrobiota, International Research Program (IRP) INSERM/UCLouvain, France/Belgium
- INSERM U1220, Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive (IRSD), Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse III, CHU Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | - Patrice D Cani
- UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group (MNUT), Brussels, Belgium
- Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology (WELBIO), WELBIO department, WEL Research Institute, Wavre, Belgium
- NeuroMicrobiota, International Research Program (IRP) INSERM/UCLouvain, France/Belgium
- UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Brussels, Belgium
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4
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Tao Y, Zhou W, Chen C, Zhang Q, Liu Z, Xia P, Ye Z, Li C. O-sialoglycoprotein Endopeptidase (OSGEP) Suppresses Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury-Induced Ferroptosis Through Modulating the MEK/ERK Signaling Pathway. Mol Biotechnol 2024:10.1007/s12033-024-01084-y. [PMID: 38456959 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-024-01084-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (HIRI) was widely accepted as a critical complication of liver resection and transplantation. A growing body of evidence suggested that O-sialoglycoprotein endopeptidase (OSGEP) was involved in cell proliferation and mitochondrial metabolism. However, whether OSGEP could mediate the pathogenesis of HIRI has still remained unclarified. This study investigated whether OSGEP could be protective against HIRI and elucidated the potential mechanisms. The OSGEP expression level was detected in cases undergoing ischemia-related hepatectomy and a stable oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) condition in hepG2 cells. Additionally, it was attempted to establish a mouse model of HIRI, thus, the function and mechanism of OSGEP could be analyzed. At one day after hepatectomy, the negative association of OSGEP expression level with the elevated serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was noted. Moreover, it was attempted to carry out gain- and loss-of-function analyses of OSGEP in hepG2 cells to reveal its influences on OGD/R-induced injury and relevant signaling pathways. The findings suggested that OSGEP overexpression significantly protected hepG2 cells against ferroptotic cell death, while OSGEP consumption had opposite effects. Consistent with in vitro studies, OSGEP deficiency exacerbated liver functions and ferroptotic cell death in a mouse model of HIRI. The results also revealed that OSGEP mediated the progression of HIRI by regulating the MEK/ERK signaling pathway. Rescue experiments indicated that ERK1/2 knockdown or overexpression reversed the effects of OSGEP overexpression or knockdown on hepG2 cells under OGD/R condition. Taken together, the findings demonstrated that OSGEP could contribute to alleviate HIRI by mediating the MEK-ERK signaling pathway, which may serve as a potential prognostic marker and a therapeutic target for HIRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Tao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Wanqing Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Zhuoyi Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Central South University, Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Pingping Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Central South University, Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Zhi Ye
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Central South University, Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Chunling Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Central South University, Hunan Province, Changsha, China.
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Harwood JL. Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids: Conversion to Lipid Mediators, Roles in Inflammatory Diseases and Dietary Sources. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108838. [PMID: 37240183 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are important components of the diet of mammals. Their role was first established when the essential fatty acids (EFAs) linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid were discovered nearly a century ago. However, most of the biochemical and physiological actions of PUFAs rely on their conversion to 20C or 22C acids and subsequent metabolism to lipid mediators. As a generalisation, lipid mediators formed from n-6 PUFAs are pro-inflammatory while those from n-3 PUFAs are anti-inflammatory or neutral. Apart from the actions of the classic eicosanoids or docosanoids, many newly discovered compounds are described as Specialised Pro-resolving Mediators (SPMs) which have been proposed to have a role in resolving inflammatory conditions such as infections and preventing them from becoming chronic. In addition, a large group of molecules, termed isoprostanes, can be generated by free radical reactions and these too have powerful properties towards inflammation. The ultimate source of n-3 and n-6 PUFAs are photosynthetic organisms which contain Δ-12 and Δ-15 desaturases, which are almost exclusively absent from animals. Moreover, the EFAs consumed from plant food are in competition with each other for conversion to lipid mediators. Thus, the relative amounts of n-3 and n-6 PUFAs in the diet are important. Furthermore, the conversion of the EFAs to 20C and 22C PUFAs in mammals is rather poor. Thus, there has been much interest recently in the use of algae, many of which make substantial quantities of long-chain PUFAs or in manipulating oil crops to make such acids. This is especially important because fish oils, which are their main source in human diets, are becoming limited. In this review, the metabolic conversion of PUFAs into different lipid mediators is described. Then, the biological roles and molecular mechanisms of such mediators in inflammatory diseases are outlined. Finally, natural sources of PUFAs (including 20 or 22 carbon compounds) are detailed, as well as recent efforts to increase their production.
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Affiliation(s)
- John L Harwood
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, Wales, UK
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6
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Cambiaggi L, Chakravarty A, Noureddine N, Hersberger M. The Role of α-Linolenic Acid and Its Oxylipins in Human Cardiovascular Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076110. [PMID: 37047085 PMCID: PMC10093787 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
α-linolenic acid (ALA) is an essential C-18 n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), which can be elongated to longer n-3 PUFAs, such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). These long-chain n-3 PUFAs have anti-inflammatory and pro-resolution effects either directly or through their oxylipin metabolites. However, there is evidence that the conversion of ALA to the long-chain PUFAs is limited. On the other hand, there is evidence in humans that supplementation of ALA in the diet is associated with an improved lipid profile, a reduction in the inflammatory biomarker C-reactive protein (CRP) and a reduction in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and all-cause mortality. Studies investigating the cellular mechanism for these beneficial effects showed that ALA is metabolized to oxylipins through the Lipoxygenase (LOX), the Cyclooxygenase (COX) and the Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) pathways, leading to hydroperoxy-, epoxy-, mono- and dihydroxylated oxylipins. In several mouse and cell models, it has been shown that ALA and some of its oxylipins, including 9- and 13-hydroxy-octadecatrienoic acids (9-HOTrE and 13-HOTrE), have immunomodulating effects. Taken together, the current literature suggests a beneficial role for diets rich in ALA in human CVDs, however, it is not always clear whether the described effects are attributable to ALA, its oxylipins or other substances present in the supplemented diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Cambiaggi
- Division of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
- Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Akash Chakravarty
- Division of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
- Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nazek Noureddine
- Division of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
- Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Hersberger
- Division of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
- Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
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7
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Shu T, Zhang J, Zhou Y, Chen Z, Li J, Tang Q, Lei W, Xing Y, Wang J, Wang C. Eosinophils protect against pulmonary hypertension through 14-HDHA and 17-HDHA. Eur Respir J 2023; 61:13993003.00582-2022. [PMID: 36423907 PMCID: PMC9978164 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00582-2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a life-threatening disease featuring pulmonary vessel remodelling and perivascular inflammation. The effect, if any, of eosinophils (EOS) on the development of PH remains unclear. METHODS EOS infiltration and chemotaxis were investigated in peripheral blood and lung tissues from pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) patients without allergic history and from sugen/hypoxia-induced PH mice. The role of EOS deficiency in PH development was investigated using GATA1-deletion (ΔdblGATA) mice and anti-interleukin 5 antibody-treated mice and rats. Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) was conducted to identify the critical oxylipin molecule(s) produced by EOS. Culture supernatants and lysates of EOS were collected to explore the mechanisms in co-culture cell experiments. RESULTS There was a lower percentage of EOS in peripheral blood but higher infiltration in lung tissues from PAH patients and PH mice. PAH/PH lungs showed increased EOS-related chemokine expression, mainly C-C motif chemokine ligand 11 derived from adventitial fibroblasts. EOS deficiency aggravated PH in rodents, accompanied by increased neutrophil and monocyte/macrophage infiltration. EOS highly expressed arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase (ALOX15). 14-hydroxy docosahexaenoic acid (14-HDHA) and 17-HDHA were critical downstream oxylipins produced by EOS, which showed anti-inflammatory effects on recruitment of neutrophils and monocytes/macrophages through N-formyl peptide receptor 2. They also repressed pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell (PASMC) proliferation by activating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ and blunting Stat3 phosphorylation. CONCLUSIONS In PH development without external stimuli, peripheral blood exhibits a low EOS level. EOS play a protective role by suppressing perivascular inflammation and maintaining PASMC homeostasis via 14/17-HDHA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Dept of Pathophysiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- These authors contributed equally to this manuscript
| | - Jiawei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Dept of Pathophysiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- These authors contributed equally to this manuscript
| | - Yitian Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Dept of Pathophysiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- MD Program, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Dept of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jinqiu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Dept of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qihao Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Dept of Pathophysiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wenqi Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Dept of Pathophysiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yanjiang Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Dept of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- J. Wang and Y. Xing contributed equally to this article as lead authors and supervised the work
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Dept of Pathophysiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- J. Wang and Y. Xing contributed equally to this article as lead authors and supervised the work
| | - Chen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Dept of Pathophysiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Dept of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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8
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da Silva BPM, Fanalli SL, Gomes JD, de Almeida VV, Fukumasu H, Freitas FAO, Moreira GCM, Silva-Vignato B, Reecy JM, Koltes JE, Koltes D, de Carvalho Balieiro JC, de Alencar SM, da Silva JPM, Coutinho LL, Afonso J, Regitano LCDA, Mourão GB, Luchiari Filho A, Cesar ASM. Brain fatty acid and transcriptome profiles of pig fed diets with different levels of soybean oil. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:91. [PMID: 36855067 PMCID: PMC9976441 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09188-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The high similarity in anatomical and neurophysiological processes between pigs and humans make pigs an excellent model for metabolic diseases and neurological disorders. Lipids are essential for brain structure and function, and the polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) have anti-inflammatory and positive effects against cognitive dysfunction in neurodegenerative diseases. Nutrigenomics studies involving pigs and fatty acids (FA) may help us in better understanding important biological processes. In this study, the main goal was to evaluate the effect of different levels of dietary soybean oil on the lipid profile and transcriptome in pigs' brain tissue. RESULTS Thirty-six male Large White pigs were used in a 98-day study using two experimental diets corn-soybean meal diet containing 1.5% soybean oil (SOY1.5) and corn-soybean meal diet containing 3.0% soybean oil (SOY3.0). No differences were found for the brain total lipid content and FA profile between the different levels of soybean oil. For differential expression analysis, using the DESeq2 statistical package, a total of 34 differentially expressed genes (DEG, FDR-corrected p-value < 0.05) were identified. Of these 34 DEG, 25 are known-genes, of which 11 were up-regulated (log2 fold change ranging from + 0.25 to + 2.93) and 14 were down-regulated (log2 fold change ranging from - 3.43 to -0.36) for the SOY1.5 group compared to SOY3.0. For the functional enrichment analysis performed using MetaCore with the 34 DEG, four pathway maps were identified (p-value < 0.05), related to the ALOX15B (log2 fold change - 1.489), CALB1 (log2 fold change - 3.431) and CAST (log2 fold change + 0.421) genes. A "calcium transport" network (p-value = 2.303e-2), related to the CAST and CALB1 genes, was also identified. CONCLUSION The results found in this study contribute to understanding the pathways and networks associated with processes involved in intracellular calcium, lipid metabolism, and oxidative processes in the brain tissue. Moreover, these results may help a better comprehension of the modulating effects of soybean oil and its FA composition on processes and diseases affecting the brain tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Pereira Martins da Silva
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Simara Larissa Fanalli
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Julia Dezen Gomes
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vivian Vezzoni de Almeida
- grid.411195.90000 0001 2192 5801College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás Brazil
| | - Heidge Fukumasu
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Felipe André Oliveira Freitas
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Bárbara Silva-Vignato
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - James Mark Reecy
- grid.34421.300000 0004 1936 7312College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA USA
| | - James Eugene Koltes
- grid.34421.300000 0004 1936 7312College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA USA
| | - Dawn Koltes
- grid.34421.300000 0004 1936 7312College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA USA
| | - Júlio Cesar de Carvalho Balieiro
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Severino Matias de Alencar
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Julia Pereira Martins da Silva
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz Lehmann Coutinho
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana Afonso
- grid.460200.00000 0004 0541 873XEmbrapa Pecuária Sudeste, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Gerson Barreto Mourão
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Albino Luchiari Filho
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aline Silva Mello Cesar
- Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil. .,Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
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9
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Korbecki J, Rębacz-Maron E, Kupnicka P, Chlubek D, Baranowska-Bosiacka I. Synthesis and Significance of Arachidonic Acid, a Substrate for Cyclooxygenases, Lipoxygenases, and Cytochrome P450 Pathways in the Tumorigenesis of Glioblastoma Multiforme, Including a Pan-Cancer Comparative Analysis. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15030946. [PMID: 36765904 PMCID: PMC9913267 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most aggressive gliomas. New and more effective therapeutic approaches are being sought based on studies of the various mechanisms of GBM tumorigenesis, including the synthesis and metabolism of arachidonic acid (ARA), an omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA). PubMed, GEPIA, and the transcriptomics analysis carried out by Seifert et al. were used in writing this paper. In this paper, we discuss in detail the biosynthesis of this acid in GBM tumors, with a special focus on certain enzymes: fatty acid desaturase (FADS)1, FADS2, and elongation of long-chain fatty acids family member 5 (ELOVL5). We also discuss ARA metabolism, particularly its release from cell membrane phospholipids by phospholipase A2 (cPLA2, iPLA2, and sPLA2) and its processing by cyclooxygenases (COX-1 and COX-2), lipoxygenases (5-LOX, 12-LOX, 15-LOX-1, and 15-LOX-2), and cytochrome P450. Next, we discuss the significance of lipid mediators synthesized from ARA in GBM cancer processes, including prostaglandins (PGE2, PGD2, and 15-deoxy-Δ12,14-PGJ2 (15d-PGJ2)), thromboxane A2 (TxA2), oxo-eicosatetraenoic acids, leukotrienes (LTB4, LTC4, LTD4, and LTE4), lipoxins, and many others. These lipid mediators can increase the proliferation of GBM cancer cells, cause angiogenesis, inhibit the anti-tumor response of the immune system, and be responsible for resistance to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Korbecki
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Ewa Rębacz-Maron
- Department of Ecology and Anthropology, Institute of Biology, University of Szczecin, Wąska 13, 71-415 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Patrycja Kupnicka
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Dariusz Chlubek
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Irena Baranowska-Bosiacka
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-914-661-515
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10
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Gómez-Cañas M, Rodríguez-Cueto C, Satta V, Hernández-Fisac I, Navarro E, Fernández-Ruiz J. Endocannabinoid-Binding Receptors as Drug Targets. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2576:67-94. [PMID: 36152178 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2728-0_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cannabis plant has been used from ancient times with therapeutic purposes for treating human pathologies, but the identification of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the therapeutic properties of the phytocannabinoids, the active compounds in this plant, occurred in the last years of the past century. In the late 1980s and early 1990s, seminal studies demonstrated the existence of cannabinoid receptors and other elements of the so-called endocannabinoid system. These G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are a key element in the functions assigned to endocannabinoids and appear to serve as promising pharmacological targets. They include CB1, CB2, and GPR55, but also non-GPCRs can be activated by endocannabinoids, like ionotropic receptor TRPV1 and even nuclear receptors of the PPAR family. Their activation, inhibition, or simply modulation have been associated with numerous physiological effects at both central and peripheral levels, which may have therapeutic value in different human pathologies, then providing a solid experimental explanation for both the ancient medicinal uses of Cannabis plant and the recent advances in the development of cannabinoid-based specific therapies. This chapter will review the scientific knowledge generated in the last years around the research on the different endocannabinoid-binding receptors and their signaling mechanisms. Our intention is that this knowledge may help readers to understand the relevance of these receptors in health and disease conditions, as well as it may serve as the theoretical basis for the different experimental protocols to investigate these receptors and their signaling mechanisms that will be described in the following chapters.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Gómez-Cañas
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Rodríguez-Cueto
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Valentina Satta
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Inés Hernández-Fisac
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elisa Navarro
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Fernández-Ruiz
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
- Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain.
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11
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Burke ND, Nixon B, Roman SD, Schjenken JE, Walters JLH, Aitken RJ, Bromfield EG. Male infertility and somatic health - insights into lipid damage as a mechanistic link. Nat Rev Urol 2022; 19:727-750. [PMID: 36100661 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-022-00640-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, mounting evidence has shown an alarming association between male subfertility and poor somatic health, with substantial evidence supporting the increased incidence of oncological disease, cardiovascular disease, metabolic disorders and autoimmune diseases in men who have previously received a subfertility diagnosis. This paradigm is concerning, but might also provide a novel window for a crucial health reform in which the infertile phenotype could serve as an indication of potential pathological conditions. One of the major limiting factors in this association is the poor understanding of the molecular features that link infertility with comorbidities across the life course. Enzymes involved in the lipid oxidation process might provide novel clues to reconcile the mechanistic basis of infertility with incident pathological conditions. Building research capacity in this area is essential to enhance the early detection of disease states and provide crucial information about the disease risk of offspring conceived through assisted reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan D Burke
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Discipline of Biological Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Infertility and Reproduction Research Program, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Brett Nixon
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Discipline of Biological Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Infertility and Reproduction Research Program, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Shaun D Roman
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Discipline of Biological Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Infertility and Reproduction Research Program, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Drug Development, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Discipline of Biological Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - John E Schjenken
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Discipline of Biological Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Infertility and Reproduction Research Program, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jessica L H Walters
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Discipline of Biological Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Infertility and Reproduction Research Program, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - R John Aitken
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Discipline of Biological Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Infertility and Reproduction Research Program, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Elizabeth G Bromfield
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Discipline of Biological Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Infertility and Reproduction Research Program, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia.
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.
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12
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Benatzy Y, Palmer MA, Brüne B. Arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase type B: Regulation, function, and its role in pathophysiology. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1042420. [PMID: 36438817 PMCID: PMC9682198 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1042420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/30/2023] Open
Abstract
As a lipoxygenase (LOX), arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase type B (ALOX15B) peroxidizes polyenoic fatty acids (PUFAs) including arachidonic acid (AA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and linoleic acid (LA) to their corresponding fatty acid hydroperoxides. Distinctive to ALOX15B, fatty acid oxygenation occurs with positional specificity, catalyzed by the non-heme iron containing active site, and in addition to free PUFAs, membrane-esterified fatty acids serve as substrates for ALOX15B. Like other LOX enzymes, ALOX15B is linked to the formation of specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators (SPMs), and altered expression is apparent in various inflammatory diseases such as asthma, psoriasis, and atherosclerosis. In primary human macrophages, ALOX15B expression is associated with cellular cholesterol homeostasis and is induced by hypoxia. Like in inflammation, the role of ALOX15B in cancer is inconclusive. In prostate and breast carcinomas, ALOX15B is attributed a tumor-suppressive role, whereas in colorectal cancer, ALOX15B expression is associated with a poorer prognosis. As the biological function of ALOX15B remains an open question, this review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of research related to ALOX15B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Benatzy
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry I, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Megan A. Palmer
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry I, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Bernhard Brüne
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry I, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Frankfurt, Germany
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13
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Wang C, Lu J, Sun W, Merriman TR, Dalbeth N, Wang Z, Wang X, Han L, Cui L, Li X, Ji A, Li H, Ji X, He Y, Li C, Liu Z. Profiling of Serum Oxylipins Identifies Distinct Spectrums and Potential Biomarkers in Young People with Very Early Onset Gout. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2022; 62:1972-1979. [PMID: 36111871 PMCID: PMC10152281 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keac507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objective
Oxylipins modulate inflammation via complex pathways. The oxylipin profile in gout remains unexplored. In this study, we systemically profiled oxylipins in young men and identified new oxylipin biomarkers for clinical use in differentiating gout from hyperuricemia.
Methods
Oxylipin profiling was performed in 90 men (30 very early onset gout, 30 asymptomatic HU (HU) and 30 normouricemia (NU), all aged <20 years) divided into discovery and validation sample sets. The dataset was analyzed based on orthogonal projection to latent structure-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). Correlation network and pathway enrichment were conducted to reveal potential oxylipin-involved pathways of gout. Candidate oxylipins were further evaluated and optimized in the validation cohort, and differential oxylipin biomarkers combined with or without serum urate were applied to construct diagnosis models.
Results
In discovery stage 21 differential oxylipins between the gout vs HU comparisons and 14 differential oxylipins between the gout vs NU comparisons were discovered. Correlation network analysis was performed and 14(S)-HDHA(14S-hydroxy-4Z, 7Z, 10Z, 12E, 16Z, 19Z-docosahexaenoic acid)was identified as a hub metabolite in both comparisons. Seven down-regulated oxylipins in gout vs HU group and five down-regulated oxylipins in gout vs NU group were validated. Diagnostic models were constructed with the above oxylipins, with 14(S)-HDHA alone acquiring area under the curve (AUC) 1 (95%CI, 1–1) in both comparisons.
Conclusion
Young men with very early onset gout have distinct oxylipin spectrums, especially those derived from AA (arachidonic acid), EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) and DHA (docosahexaenoic acid). Differential oxylipins could serve as candidate serum biomarkers in differentiating gout from hyperuricemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases and Qingdao Key Laboratory of Gout, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University , Qingdao, China
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Qingdao University , Qingdao, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Immune Diseases and Gout , Qingdao, China
| | - Jie Lu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases and Qingdao Key Laboratory of Gout, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University , Qingdao, China
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Qingdao University , Qingdao, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Immune Diseases and Gout , Qingdao, China
| | - Wenyan Sun
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Qingdao University , Qingdao, China
| | - Tony R Merriman
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Qingdao University , Qingdao, China
- University of Alabama at Birmingham Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, , Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Nicola Dalbeth
- University of Auckland Department of Medicine, , Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Zhongjun Wang
- the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Department of Clinical Laboratory, , Qingdao, China
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases and Qingdao Key Laboratory of Gout, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University , Qingdao, China
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Qingdao University , Qingdao, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Immune Diseases and Gout , Qingdao, China
| | - Lin Han
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases and Qingdao Key Laboratory of Gout, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University , Qingdao, China
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Qingdao University , Qingdao, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Immune Diseases and Gout , Qingdao, China
| | - Lingling Cui
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases and Qingdao Key Laboratory of Gout, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University , Qingdao, China
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Qingdao University , Qingdao, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Immune Diseases and Gout , Qingdao, China
| | - Xinde Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases and Qingdao Key Laboratory of Gout, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University , Qingdao, China
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Qingdao University , Qingdao, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Immune Diseases and Gout , Qingdao, China
| | - Aichang Ji
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases and Qingdao Key Laboratory of Gout, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University , Qingdao, China
| | - Hailong Li
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Qingdao University , Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaopeng Ji
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases and Qingdao Key Laboratory of Gout, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University , Qingdao, China
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Qingdao University , Qingdao, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Immune Diseases and Gout , Qingdao, China
| | - Yuwei He
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases and Qingdao Key Laboratory of Gout, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University , Qingdao, China
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Qingdao University , Qingdao, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Immune Diseases and Gout , Qingdao, China
| | - Changgui Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases and Qingdao Key Laboratory of Gout, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University , Qingdao, China
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Qingdao University , Qingdao, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Immune Diseases and Gout , Qingdao, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases and Qingdao Key Laboratory of Gout, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University , Qingdao, China
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Qingdao University , Qingdao, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Immune Diseases and Gout , Qingdao, China
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14
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Du Y, Li DX, Lu DY, Zhang R, Zhao YL, Zhong QQ, Ji S, Wang L, Tang DQ. Lipid metabolism disorders and lipid mediator changes of mice in response to long-term exposure to high-fat and high sucrose diets and ameliorative effects of mulberry leaves. Food Funct 2022; 13:4576-4591. [PMID: 35355025 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo04146k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Mulberry leaves exhibit anti-lipogenic and lipid-lowering effects. However, the lipid biomarkers and underlying mechanisms for the improvement of the action of mulberry leaves on obesity and lipid metabolism disorders have not been sufficiently investigated yet. Herein, biochemical analysis combined with metabolomics targeting serum lipid mediators (oxylipins) were used to explore the efficacy and underlying mechanisms of mulberry leaf water extract (MLWE) in high-fat and high-sucrose diet (HFHSD)-fed mice. Our results showed that MLWE supplementation not only decreased body weight gain, serum total triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase levels, but also increased the serum level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. In addition, MLWE supplementation also ameliorated hepatic steatosis and lipid accumulation. These beneficial effects were associated with down-regulating genes involved in oxidative stress, inflammation, and lipogenesis such as acetyl-CoA carboxylase and fatty acid synthase, and up-regulating genes related to lipolysis that encoded peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α, adiponectin (ADPN), adiponectin receptor (AdipoR) 1, AdipoR2, adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and hormone-sensitive lipase. Moreover, a total of 54 serum lipid mediators were differentially changed in HFHSD-fed mice, among which 11 lipid mediators from n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) were apparently reversed by MLWE. These findings indicated that the ADPN/AMPK pathway, anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation, and n-3 PUFA metabolism played important roles in anti-obesity and improvement of lipid metabolism disorders modulated by MLWE supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Du
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China.
| | - Ding-Xiang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China.
| | - Dong-Yu Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, Suining People's Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Suining 221202, China
| | - Ran Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China.
| | - Yan-Lin Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Suining People's Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Suining 221202, China
| | - Qiao-Qiao Zhong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China.
| | - Shuai Ji
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China. .,Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221204, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China. .,Department of Bioinformatics, School of Medical Informatics and Engineering, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221204, China
| | - Dao-Quan Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China. .,Department of Pharmacy, Suining People's Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Suining 221202, China.,Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221204, China
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15
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Misheva M, Kotzamanis K, Davies LC, Tyrrell VJ, Rodrigues PRS, Benavides GA, Hinz C, Murphy RC, Kennedy P, Taylor PR, Rosas M, Jones SA, McLaren JE, Deshpande S, Andrews R, Schebb NH, Czubala MA, Gurney M, Aldrovandi M, Meckelmann SW, Ghazal P, Darley-Usmar V, White DA, O'Donnell VB. Oxylipin metabolism is controlled by mitochondrial β-oxidation during bacterial inflammation. Nat Commun 2022; 13:139. [PMID: 35013270 PMCID: PMC8748967 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27766-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxylipins are potent biological mediators requiring strict control, but how they are removed en masse during infection and inflammation is unknown. Here we show that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) dynamically enhances oxylipin removal via mitochondrial β-oxidation. Specifically, genetic or pharmacological targeting of carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1 (CPT1), a mitochondrial importer of fatty acids, reveal that many oxylipins are removed by this protein during inflammation in vitro and in vivo. Using stable isotope-tracing lipidomics, we find secretion-reuptake recycling for 12-HETE and its intermediate metabolites. Meanwhile, oxylipin β-oxidation is uncoupled from oxidative phosphorylation, thus not contributing to energy generation. Testing for genetic control checkpoints, transcriptional interrogation of human neonatal sepsis finds upregulation of many genes involved in mitochondrial removal of long-chain fatty acyls, such as ACSL1,3,4, ACADVL, CPT1B, CPT2 and HADHB. Also, ACSL1/Acsl1 upregulation is consistently observed following the treatment of human/murine macrophages with LPS and IFN-γ. Last, dampening oxylipin levels by β-oxidation is suggested to impact on their regulation of leukocyte functions. In summary, we propose mitochondrial β-oxidation as a regulatory metabolic checkpoint for oxylipins during inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariya Misheva
- Systems Immunity Research Institute and Division of Infection and Immunity, and School of Medicine, Cardiff University, CF14 4XN, Cardiff, UK
| | - Konstantinos Kotzamanis
- Systems Immunity Research Institute and Division of Infection and Immunity, and School of Medicine, Cardiff University, CF14 4XN, Cardiff, UK
| | - Luke C Davies
- Systems Immunity Research Institute and Division of Infection and Immunity, and School of Medicine, Cardiff University, CF14 4XN, Cardiff, UK
| | - Victoria J Tyrrell
- Systems Immunity Research Institute and Division of Infection and Immunity, and School of Medicine, Cardiff University, CF14 4XN, Cardiff, UK
| | - Patricia R S Rodrigues
- Systems Immunity Research Institute and Division of Infection and Immunity, and School of Medicine, Cardiff University, CF14 4XN, Cardiff, UK
| | - Gloria A Benavides
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Christine Hinz
- Systems Immunity Research Institute and Division of Infection and Immunity, and School of Medicine, Cardiff University, CF14 4XN, Cardiff, UK
| | - Robert C Murphy
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Paul Kennedy
- Cayman Chemical, 1180 E Ellsworth Rd, Ann Arbor, MI, 48108, USA
| | - Philip R Taylor
- Systems Immunity Research Institute and Division of Infection and Immunity, and School of Medicine, Cardiff University, CF14 4XN, Cardiff, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Cardiff, Cardiff University, CF14 4XN, Cardiff, UK
| | - Marcela Rosas
- Systems Immunity Research Institute and Division of Infection and Immunity, and School of Medicine, Cardiff University, CF14 4XN, Cardiff, UK
| | - Simon A Jones
- Systems Immunity Research Institute and Division of Infection and Immunity, and School of Medicine, Cardiff University, CF14 4XN, Cardiff, UK
| | - James E McLaren
- Systems Immunity Research Institute and Division of Infection and Immunity, and School of Medicine, Cardiff University, CF14 4XN, Cardiff, UK
| | - Sumukh Deshpande
- Systems Immunity Research Institute and Division of Infection and Immunity, and School of Medicine, Cardiff University, CF14 4XN, Cardiff, UK
| | - Robert Andrews
- Systems Immunity Research Institute and Division of Infection and Immunity, and School of Medicine, Cardiff University, CF14 4XN, Cardiff, UK
| | - Nils Helge Schebb
- Chair of Food Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Gausstraße 20, 42119, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Magdalena A Czubala
- Systems Immunity Research Institute and Division of Infection and Immunity, and School of Medicine, Cardiff University, CF14 4XN, Cardiff, UK
| | - Mark Gurney
- Systems Immunity Research Institute and Division of Infection and Immunity, and School of Medicine, Cardiff University, CF14 4XN, Cardiff, UK
| | - Maceler Aldrovandi
- Systems Immunity Research Institute and Division of Infection and Immunity, and School of Medicine, Cardiff University, CF14 4XN, Cardiff, UK
| | - Sven W Meckelmann
- Systems Immunity Research Institute and Division of Infection and Immunity, and School of Medicine, Cardiff University, CF14 4XN, Cardiff, UK
| | - Peter Ghazal
- Systems Immunity Research Institute and Division of Infection and Immunity, and School of Medicine, Cardiff University, CF14 4XN, Cardiff, UK
| | - Victor Darley-Usmar
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Daniel A White
- Systems Immunity Research Institute and Division of Infection and Immunity, and School of Medicine, Cardiff University, CF14 4XN, Cardiff, UK.
| | - Valerie B O'Donnell
- Systems Immunity Research Institute and Division of Infection and Immunity, and School of Medicine, Cardiff University, CF14 4XN, Cardiff, UK.
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Li Y, Zhang Y, Wu X, Gao Y, Guo J, Tian Y, Lin Z, Wang X. Discovery of natural 15-LOX small molecule inhibitors from Chinese herbal medicine using virtual Screening, biological evaluation and molecular dynamics studies. Bioorg Chem 2021; 115:105197. [PMID: 34426159 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Chinese herbal medicines (CHM) are frequently used to treat different types of inflammatory diseases and 15-Lipoxygenase (15-LOX) is a critical target enzyme for treating various inflammatory diseases. In this study, natural 15-LOX inhibitors were identified in CHM using an approach of virtual screening combined with the biological assays. First, an in-house Chinese medicine database containing 360 compounds was screened using a virtual screening approach based on pharmacophore and molecular docking to uncover several novel potential 15-LOX inhibitors. Secondly, the inhibitory effect of virtual screening hits against the 15-LOX enzyme was validated in an in vitro enzyme inhibition assay. Then, a tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) release assay was carried out to explore the anti-inflammatory response of the active compounds. Furthermore, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation and binding free energy calculation were applied to analyze the process of inhibitors binding and also compared the mode of binding of the inhibitors by using the Molecular Mechanics-Generalized Born Surface Area (MM/GBSA) method. Finally, licochalcone B and eriodictyol were confirmed as inhibitors of the 15-LOX enzyme with IC50 values of 9.67 and 18.99 μM, respectively. In vitro cell-based assay showed that licochalcone B and eriodictyol inhibited the release of TNF-α factor in RAW264.7 cells stimulated by lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in a dose-dependent manner. Molecular dynamics and binding free energy analysis showed that the two 15-LOX-ligand systems immediately attained equilibrium with almost 1 Å fluctuation, the calculated binding free energies were found around -18.89 and -12.96 kcal/mol for licochalcone B and eriodictyol, respectively. Thr412, Arg415, Val420, Thr429, Ile602 and Trp606 were the main amino acid residues for the inhibition of 15-LOX enzyme activity. The current study confirms that licochalcone B and eriodictyol are 15-LOX inhibitors and can suppress the release of the TNF-α factor in RAW264.7 cells stimulated by LPS, thus providing a basis for the follow-up research and development for 15-LOX inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yatong Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yuxin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine, School of Pharmacy, Ministry of Education, Minzu University of China, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xia Wu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Lab of Traditional Chinese Medicine Collateral Disease Theory Research, Capital Medical University, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yanbin Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Lab of Traditional Chinese Medicine Collateral Disease Theory Research, Capital Medical University, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Junfang Guo
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yulang Tian
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Ziyue Lin
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xing Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Lab of Traditional Chinese Medicine Collateral Disease Theory Research, Capital Medical University, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China.
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17
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Pils V, Terlecki-Zaniewicz L, Schosserer M, Grillari J, Lämmermann I. The role of lipid-based signalling in wound healing and senescence. Mech Ageing Dev 2021; 198:111527. [PMID: 34174292 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2021.111527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Lipid-based signalling modulates several cellular processes and intercellular communication during wound healing and tissue regeneration. Bioactive lipids include but are not limited to the diverse group of eicosanoids, phospholipids, and extracellular vesicles and mediate the attraction of immune cells, initiation of inflammatory responses, and their resolution. In aged individuals, wound healing and tissue regeneration are greatly impaired, resulting in a delayed healing process and non-healing wounds. Senescent cells accumulate with age in vivo, preferably at sites implicated in age-associated pathologies and their elimination was shown to alleviate many age-associated diseases and disorders. In contrast to these findings, the transient presence of senescent cells in the process of wound healing exerts beneficial effects and limits fibrosis. Hence, clearance of senescent cells during wound healing was repeatedly shown to delay wound closure in vivo. Recent findings established a dysregulated synthesis of eicosanoids, phospholipids and extracellular vesicles as part of the senescent phenotype. This intriguing connection between cellular senescence, lipid-based signalling, and the process of wound healing and tissue regeneration prompts us to compile the current knowledge in this review and propose future directions for investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Pils
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for the Biotechnology of Skin Aging, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lucia Terlecki-Zaniewicz
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for the Biotechnology of Skin Aging, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Schosserer
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Skin Multimodal Imaging of Aging and Senescence - SKINMAGINE, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Austria
| | - Johannes Grillari
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for the Biotechnology of Skin Aging, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, AUVA Research Center, Linz and Vienna, Austria; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Austria
| | - Ingo Lämmermann
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for the Biotechnology of Skin Aging, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria.
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18
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Abot A, Wemelle E, Laurens C, Paquot A, Pomie N, Carper D, Bessac A, Mas Orea X, Fremez C, Fontanie M, Lucas A, Lesage J, Everard A, Meunier E, Dietrich G, Muccioli GG, Moro C, Cani PD, Knauf C. Identification of new enterosynes using prebiotics: roles of bioactive lipids and mu-opioid receptor signalling in humans and mice. Gut 2021; 70:1078-1087. [PMID: 33020209 PMCID: PMC8108281 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2019-320230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The enteric nervous system (ENS) plays a key role in controlling the gut-brain axis under normal and pathological conditions, such as type 2 diabetes. The discovery of intestinal actors, such as enterosynes, able to modulate the ENS-induced duodenal contraction is considered an innovative approach. Among all the intestinal factors, the understanding of the role of gut microbes in controlling glycaemia is still developed. We studied whether the modulation of gut microbiota by prebiotics could permit the identification of novel enterosynes. DESIGN We measured the effects of prebiotics on the production of bioactive lipids in the intestine and tested the identified lipid on ENS-induced contraction and glucose metabolism. Then, we studied the signalling pathways involved and compared the results obtained in mice to human. RESULTS We found that modulating the gut microbiota with prebiotics modifies the actions of enteric neurons, thereby controlling duodenal contraction and subsequently attenuating hyperglycaemia in diabetic mice. We discovered that the signalling pathway involved in these effects depends on the synthesis of a bioactive lipid 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12-HETE) and the presence of mu-opioid receptors (MOR) on enteric neurons. Using pharmacological approaches, we demonstrated the key role of the MOR receptors and proliferator-activated receptor γ for the effects of 12-HETE. These findings are supported by human data showing a decreased expression of the proenkephalin and MOR messanger RNAs in the duodenum of patients with diabetic. CONCLUSIONS Using a prebiotic approach, we identified enkephalin and 12-HETE as new enterosynes with potential real beneficial and safety impact in diabetic human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Abot
- IRSD, INSERM, Toulouse, Occitanie, France,Enterosys, CRO, Toulouse, Occitanie, France,European Associated Laboratory (EAL) NeuroMicrobiota, Toulouse, Brussels, France, Belgium
| | - Eve Wemelle
- IRSD, INSERM, Toulouse, Occitanie, France,European Associated Laboratory (EAL) NeuroMicrobiota, Toulouse, Brussels, France, Belgium
| | - Claire Laurens
- CNRS, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France,CNES, Paris, France
| | - Adrien Paquot
- Bioanalysis and Pharmacology of Bioactive Lipids Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | | | - Arnaud Bessac
- IRSD, INSERM, Toulouse, Occitanie, France,IPBS, Toulouse, Midi-Pyrénées, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Jean Lesage
- Lille 2 University of Health and Law, Lille, Hauts-de-France, France
| | - Amandine Everard
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology (WELBIO), UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | | | - Giulio G Muccioli
- Bioanalysis and Pharmacology of Bioactive Lipids Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Patrice D Cani
- European Associated Laboratory (EAL) NeuroMicrobiota, Toulouse, Brussels, France, Belgium .,Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology (WELBIO), UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Claude Knauf
- IRSD, INSERM, Toulouse, Occitanie, France .,European Associated Laboratory (EAL) NeuroMicrobiota, Toulouse, Brussels, France, Belgium
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19
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Alaaeddine RA, Elzahhar PA, AlZaim I, Abou-Kheir W, Belal ASF, El-Yazbi AF. The Emerging Role of COX-2, 15-LOX and PPARγ in Metabolic Diseases and Cancer: An Introduction to Novel Multi-target Directed Ligands (MTDLs). Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:2260-2300. [PMID: 32867639 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327999200820173853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence supports an intertwining framework for the involvement of different inflammatory pathways in a common pathological background for a number of disorders. Of importance are pathways involving arachidonic acid metabolism by cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and 15-lipoxygenase (15-LOX). Both enzyme activities and their products are implicated in a range of pathophysiological processes encompassing metabolic impairment leading to adipose inflammation and the subsequent vascular and neurological disorders, in addition to various pro- and antitumorigenic effects. A further layer of complexity is encountered by the disparate, and often reciprocal, modulatory effect COX-2 and 15-LOX activities and metabolites exert on each other or on other cellular targets, the most prominent of which is peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ). Thus, effective therapeutic intervention with such multifaceted disorders requires the simultaneous modulation of more than one target. Here, we describe the role of COX-2, 15-LOX, and PPARγ in cancer and complications of metabolic disorders, highlight the value of designing multi-target directed ligands (MTDLs) modifying their activity, and summarizing the available literature regarding the rationale and feasibility of design and synthesis of these ligands together with their known biological effects. We speculate on the potential impact of MTDLs in these disorders as well as emphasize the need for structured future effort to translate these early results facilitating the adoption of these, and similar, molecules in clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana A Alaaeddine
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, The American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Perihan A Elzahhar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim AlZaim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, The American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Wassim Abou-Kheir
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ahmed S F Belal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ahmed F El-Yazbi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, The American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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20
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Takahashi N, Kikuchi H, Usui A, Furusho T, Fujimaru T, Fujiki T, Yanagi T, Matsuura Y, Asano K, Yamamoto K, Ando F, Susa K, Mandai S, Mori T, Rai T, Uchida S, Arita M, Sohara E. Deletion of Alox15 improves kidney dysfunction and inhibits fibrosis by increased PGD 2 in the kidney. Clin Exp Nephrol 2021; 25:445-455. [PMID: 33595729 PMCID: PMC8038997 DOI: 10.1007/s10157-021-02021-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lipid-metabolizing enzymes and their metabolites affect inflammation and fibrosis, but their roles in chronic kidney disease (CKD) have not been completely understood. METHODS To clarify their role in CKD, we measured the mRNA levels of major lipid-metabolizing enzymes in 5/6 nephrectomized (Nx) kidneys of C57BL/6 J mice. Mediator lipidomics was performed to reveal lipid profiles of CKD kidneys. RESULTS In 5/6 Nx kidneys, both mRNA and protein levels of Alox15 were higher when compared with those in sham kidneys. With respect to in situ hybridization, the mRNA level of Alox15 was higher in renal tubules of 5/6 Nx kidneys. To examine the role of Alox15 in CKD pathogenesis, we performed 5/6 Nx on Alox15-/- mice. Alox15-/- CKD mice exhibited better renal functions than wild-type mice. Interstitial fibrosis was also inhibited in Alox15-/- CKD mice. Mediator lipidomics revealed that Alox15-/- CKD mouse kidneys had significantly higher levels of PGD2 than the control. To investigate the effects of PGD2 on renal fibrosis, we administered PGD2 to TGF-β1-stimulated NRK-52E cells and HK-2 cells, which lead to a dose-dependent suppression of type I collagen and αSMA in both cell lines. CONCLUSION Increased PGD2 in Alox15-/- CKD mouse kidneys could inhibit fibrosis, thereby resulting in CKD improvement. Thus, Alox15 inhibition and PGD2 administration may be novel therapeutic targets for CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naohiro Takahashi
- Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kikuchi
- Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Ayaka Usui
- Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Taisuke Furusho
- Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Takuya Fujimaru
- Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Tamami Fujiki
- Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Tomoki Yanagi
- Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Matsuura
- Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Kenichi Asano
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, The School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kouhei Yamamoto
- Department of Comprehensive Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Ando
- Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Koichiro Susa
- Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Shintaro Mandai
- Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Takayasu Mori
- Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Tatemitsu Rai
- Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Shinichi Uchida
- Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Makoto Arita
- Laboratory for Metabolomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama City, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan.
- Division of Physiological Chemistry and Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Eisei Sohara
- Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan.
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21
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Szafran BN, Borazjani A, Seay CN, Carr RL, Lehner R, Kaplan BLF, Ross MK. Effects of Chlorpyrifos on Serine Hydrolase Activities, Lipid Mediators, and Immune Responses in Lungs of Neonatal and Adult Mice. Chem Res Toxicol 2021; 34:1556-1571. [PMID: 33900070 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.0c00488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is an organophosphate (OP) pesticide that causes acute toxicity by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in the nervous system. However, endocannabinoid (eCB) metabolizing enzymes in brain of neonatal rats are more sensitive than AChE to inhibition by CPF, leading to increased levels of eCBs. Because eCBs are immunomodulatory molecules, we investigated the association between eCB metabolism, lipid mediators, and immune function in adult and neonatal mice exposed to CPF. We focused on lung effects because epidemiologic studies have linked pesticide exposures to respiratory diseases. CPF was hypothesized to disrupt lung eCB metabolism and alter lung immune responses to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and these effects would be more pronounced in neonatal mice due to an immature immune system. We first assessed the biochemical effects of CPF in adult mice (≥8 weeks old) and neonatal mice after administering CPF (2.5 mg/kg, oral) or vehicle for 7 days. Tissues were harvested 4 h after the last CPF treatment and lung microsomes from both age groups demonstrated CPF-dependent inhibition of carboxylesterases (Ces), a family of xenobiotic and lipid metabolizing enzymes, whereas AChE activity was inhibited in adult lungs only. Activity-based protein profiling (ABPP)-mass spectrometry of lung microsomes identified 31 and 32 individual serine hydrolases in neonatal lung and adult lung, respectively. Of these, Ces1c/Ces1d/Ces1b isoforms were partially inactivated by CPF in neonatal lung, whereas Ces1c/Ces1b and Ces1c/BChE were partially inactivated in adult female and male lungs, respectively, suggesting age- and sex-related differences in their sensitivity to CPF. Monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) and fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) activities in lung were unaffected by CPF. When LPS (1.25 mg/kg, i.p.) was administered following the 7-day CPF dosing period, little to no differences in lung immune responses (cytokines and immunophenotyping) were noted between the CPF and vehicle groups. However, a CPF-dependent increase in the amounts of dendritic cells and certain lipid mediators in female lung following LPS challenge was observed. Experiments in neonatal and adult Ces1d-/- mice yielded similar results as wild type mice (WT) following CPF treatment, except that CPF augmented LPS-induced Tnfa mRNA in adult Ces1d-/- mouse lungs. This effect was associated with decreased expression of Ces1c mRNA in Ces1d-/- mice versus WT mice in the setting of LPS exposure. We conclude that CPF exposure inactivates several Ces isoforms in mouse lung and, during an inflammatory response, increases certain lipid mediators in a female-dependent manner. However, it did not cause widespread altered lung immune effects in response to an LPS challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany N Szafran
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Center for Environmental Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, United States
| | - Abdolsamad Borazjani
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Center for Environmental Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, United States
| | - Caitlin N Seay
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Center for Environmental Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, United States
| | - Russell L Carr
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Center for Environmental Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, United States
| | - Richard Lehner
- Departments of Cell Biology and Pediatrics, Group on Molecular & Cell Biology of Lipids, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Barbara L F Kaplan
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Center for Environmental Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, United States
| | - Matthew K Ross
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Center for Environmental Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, United States
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22
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Iannotti FA, Vitale RM. The Endocannabinoid System and PPARs: Focus on Their Signalling Crosstalk, Action and Transcriptional Regulation. Cells 2021; 10:586. [PMID: 33799988 PMCID: PMC8001692 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are a family of nuclear receptors including PPARα, PPARγ, and PPARβ/δ, acting as transcription factors to regulate the expression of a plethora of target genes involved in metabolism, immune reaction, cell differentiation, and a variety of other cellular changes and adaptive responses. PPARs are activated by a large number of both endogenous and exogenous lipid molecules, including phyto- and endo-cannabinoids, as well as endocannabinoid-like compounds. In this view, they can be considered an extension of the endocannabinoid system. Besides being directly activated by cannabinoids, PPARs are also indirectly modulated by receptors and enzymes regulating the activity and metabolism of endocannabinoids, and, vice versa, the expression of these receptors and enzymes may be regulated by PPARs. In this review, we provide an overview of the crosstalk between cannabinoids and PPARs, and the importance of their reciprocal regulation and modulation by common ligands, including those belonging to the extended endocannabinoid system (or "endocannabinoidome") in the control of major physiological and pathophysiological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Arturo Iannotti
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council (ICB-CNR), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli (NA), Italy
| | - Rosa Maria Vitale
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council (ICB-CNR), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli (NA), Italy
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23
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Fish Hydrolysate Supplementation Containing n-3 Long Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Peptides Prevents LPS-Induced Neuroinflammation. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13030824. [PMID: 33801489 PMCID: PMC7998148 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation constitutes a normal part of the brain immune response orchestrated by microglial cells. However, a sustained and uncontrolled production of proinflammatory factors together with microglial activation contribute to the onset of a chronic low-grade inflammation, leading to neuronal damage and cognitive as well as behavioral impairments. Hence, limiting brain inflammatory response and improving the resolution of inflammation could be particularly of interest to prevent these alterations. Dietary n-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) and low molecular weight peptides are good candidates because of their immunomodulatory and proresolutive properties. These compounds are present in a fish hydrolysate derived from marine-derived byproducts. In this study, we compared the effect of an 18-day supplementation with this fish hydrolysate to a supplementation with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in mice. In response to peripherally injected LPS, the fish hydrolysate supplementation decreased the hippocampal mRNA expression of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 (p < 0.001), IL-1β (p = 0.0008) and TNF-α (p < 0.0001), whereas the DHA supplementation reduced only the expression of IL-6 (p = 0.004). This decline in proinflammatory cytokine expressions was associated with an increase in the protein expression of IκB (p = 0.014 and p = 0.0054 as compared to the DHA supplementation and control groups, respectively) and to a modulation of microglial activation markers in the hippocampus. The beneficial effects of the fish hydrolysate could be due in part to the switch of the hippocampal oxylipin profile towards a more anti-inflammatory profile as compared to the DHA supplementation. Thus, the valorization of fish byproducts seems very attractive to prevent and counteract neuroinflammation.
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24
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Ramalingam V, Rajaram R. A paradoxical role of reactive oxygen species in cancer signaling pathway: Physiology and pathology. Process Biochem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2020.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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25
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Kumar A, Behl T, Jamwal S, Kaur I, Sood A, Kumar P. Exploring the molecular approach of COX and LOX in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disorder. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:9895-9912. [PMID: 33263931 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-06033-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is well established biomarker for the major neurodegenerative like Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). Cytokines/chemokines excite phospholipase A2 and cyclooxygenases (COX), facilitating the release of arachidonic acid (AA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) from membrane glycerophospholipids, in which the former is oxidized to produce pro-inflammatory eicosanoids (prostaglandins, leukotrienes and thromboxane's), which intensify the neuroinflammatory events in the brain. Similarly, resolvins and neuroprotectins are the metabolized products of docosahexaenoic acid, which exert an inhibitory effect on the production of eicosanoids. Furthermore, an oxidized product of arachidonic acid, lipoxin, is generated via 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) pathway, and contributes to the resolution of inflammation, along with anti-inflammatory actions. Moreover, DHA and its lipid mediators inhibit neuroinflammatory responses by blocking NF-κB, inhibiting eicosanoid production, preventing cytokine secretion and regulating leukocyte trafficking. Various epidemiological studies reported, elevated levels of COX-2 enzyme in patients with AD and PD, indicating its role in progression of the disease. Similarly, enhanced levels of 5-LOX and 12/15-LOX in PD models represent their role brain disorders, where the former is expressed in AD patients and the latter exhibits it involvement in PD. The present review elaborates the role of AA, DHA, eicosanoids and docosanoids, along with COX and LOX pathway which provides an opportunity to the researchers to understand the role of these lipid mediators in neurological disorders (AD and PD). The information gathered from the review will aid in facilitating the development of appropriate therapeutic options targeting COX and LOX pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Kumar
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India.
| | - Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Sumit Jamwal
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Ishnoor Kaur
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Archit Sood
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organisation (ARO), Rishon LeTsiyon, Israel
| | - Puneet Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151001, India
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Ding Y, Kang J, Liu S, Xu Y, Shao B. The Protective Effects of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma in Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Front Neurol 2020; 11:588516. [PMID: 33281727 PMCID: PMC7705069 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.588516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CI/RI) is a complex pathological process that often occurs secondary to trauma, surgery, and shock. Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is a subunit of the PPAR and is a ligand-activated nuclear transcription factor. After being activated by its ligand, PPARγ can combine with specific DNA response elements to regulate the transcription and expression of genes. It has a wide range of biological functions, such as regulating lipid metabolism, improving insulin sensitivity, modulating anti-tumor mechanisms, and inhibiting inflammation. In recent years, some studies have shown that PPARγ exerts a protective effect during CI/RI. This article aims to summarize the research progress of studies that have investigated the protective effects of PPARγ in CI/RI and the cellular and molecular mechanisms through which these effects are modulated, including inhibition of excitatory amino acid toxicity, reduced Ca2+ overload, anti-oxidative stress, anti-inflammation, inhibition of microglial activation, maintain the BBB, promotion of angiogenesis, and neurogenesis and anti-apoptotic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Ding
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jie Kang
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shuning Liu
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuqin Xu
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Baoping Shao
- College of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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Hu T, Zhu Q, Hu Y, Kamal GM, Feng Y, Manyande A, Wang J, Xu F. Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Regional Cerebral Free Fatty Acids in Rats Using the Stable Isotope Labeling Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Method. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25215163. [PMID: 33171987 PMCID: PMC7664212 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25215163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Free fatty acids serve as important bioactive molecules in the brain. They are involved in message transfer in the brain. There are many reports available in the literature regarding the role of cerebral fatty acids in message transfer; however, most of the studies are mainly focused on limited fatty acid species or only a few specific brain regions. To understand the relationship between cerebral functions and free fatty acids, it is necessary to investigate the distribution of the free fatty acids among different regions in the whole brain. In this study, free fatty acids were extracted from different brain regions and analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively using the stable isotopic labeling liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry approach. In total, 1008 potential free fatty acids were detected in the whole brain out of which 38 were found to be commonly present in all brain regions. Among different brain regions, the highest and the smallest amounts of potential free fatty acids were detected in the olfactory bulb and cerebellum, respectively. From a statistical point of view, 4-methyl-2-oxovaleric acid, cis-11, 14-eicosadienoic acid, tridecanoic acid, myristic acid, nonadecanoic acid, and arachidic acid were found to significantly vary among the four different brain regions (olfactory bulb, occipital lobe, hippocampus, and cerebellum). The variation in the composition of free fatty acids among different brain regions may be very important for investigating the relationship between free fatty acids and functions of cerebral regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China;
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Quanfei Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (Q.Z.); (Y.H.); (Y.F.)
| | - Yuning Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (Q.Z.); (Y.H.); (Y.F.)
| | - Ghulam Mustafa Kamal
- Department of Chemistry, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan 64200, Pakistan;
| | - Yuqi Feng
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (Q.Z.); (Y.H.); (Y.F.)
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Anne Manyande
- School of Human and Social Sciences, University of West London, Middlesex TW89GA, UK;
| | - Jie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China;
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Correspondence: (J.W.); (F.X.); Tel.: +86-27-8719-7653 (J.W.); +86-27-8719-7091 (F.X.); Fax: +86-27-8719-9543 (J.W. & F.X.)
| | - Fuqiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China;
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- Correspondence: (J.W.); (F.X.); Tel.: +86-27-8719-7653 (J.W.); +86-27-8719-7091 (F.X.); Fax: +86-27-8719-9543 (J.W. & F.X.)
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Yue W, Cunlin G, Lu H, Yuanqing Z, Yanjun T, Qiong W. Neuroprotective effect of intermittent hypobaric hypoxia preconditioning on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion in rats. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2020; 13:2860-2869. [PMID: 33284899 PMCID: PMC7716138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischemic tolerance is an endogenous protective mechanism in organs or tissues undergoing one or more short-term sublethal ischemias. Intermittent hypobaric hypoxia preconditioning (IHHP) can induce tolerance and thus protect brain tissues from cerebral ischemic injury (CIR). The current study evaluated the neuroprotective effect of IHHP. METHODS The established xenograft model was divided into the ischemia/reperfusion (I/R), IHHP, IHHP+I/R, and sham groups. Transmission electron microscopy was used to observe alterations in neuron ultrastructure. Neuron damage was detected using Nissl staining. Western blot and qRT-PCR were used to evaluate the relative expression of genes and proteins related to apoptosis. Immunohistochemistry was used to determine the expression of proteins involved in the processes of neuroprotection and repair. RESULTS Our results indicated that the damage to the neurons, organelles, and axons was significantly less following ischemia/reperfusion and intermittent hypobaric hypoxia reconditioning treatment than that in the ischemia/reperfusion group. Compared to the ischemia/reperfusion group, significant downregulation of pro-apoptotic gene/protein expressions along with upregulation of anti-apoptotic and nerve regeneration gene/protein expressions in the IHHP+I/R group were observed. CONCLUSION IHHP can significantly reduce ischemia/reperfusion injury in rat brain nerves and promote nerve repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Yue
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Qinghai UniversityXining 810000, Qinghai, P. R. China
| | - Gu Cunlin
- Department of Biochemistry, Qinghai UniversityXining 810000, Qinghai, P. R. China
| | - Huang Lu
- Department of Neurology, Qinghai Provincial People’s HospitalXining 810000, Qinghai, P. R. China
| | - Zhao Yuanqing
- Department of Pathology, People’s Hospital of Huzhu CountyXining 810000, Qinghai, P. R. China
| | - Tang Yanjun
- Department of Anatomy, Medical College of Qinghai UniversityXining 810000, Qinghai, P. R. China
| | - Wu Qiong
- Department of Function Laboratory, Medical College of Qinghai UniversityXining 810000, Qinghai, P. R. China
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Kim J, Choe J. A paracrine effect of 15 (S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid revealed in prostaglandin production by human follicular dendritic cell-like cells. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2020; 151:106487. [PMID: 33007445 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2020.106487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Lipid mediators play active roles in each stage of inflammation under physiological and pathologic conditions. We have investigated the cellular source and functions of several prostanoids in the immune inflammatory responses using follicular dendritic cell (FDC)-like cells. In this study, we report a novel finding on the role of 15(S)- hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (HETE). Our observation of 15(S)-HETE uptake by FDC-like cells prompted to hypothesize that 15(S)-HETE might have a regulatory role in the other branch of eicosanoid production. The effects of 15(S)-HETE on COX-2 expression and prostaglandin (PG) production were analyzed by immunoblotting and specific enzyme immunoassays. The addition of 15(S)-HETE resulted in elevated levels of COX-2 expression and PG production. The enhanced PG production was not due to growth stimulation of FDC-like cells since 15(S)-HETE did not modulate FDC-like cell proliferation by the culture period of PG measurement. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) seems to mediate the augmenting activity as the antagonist GW9662 dose- dependently prevented 15(S)-HETE from increasing PG production. In addition, PPARγ protein expression was readily detected in FDC-like cells. These effects of 15(S)-HETE were displayed in the combined addition with IL-1β. Based on these results, we suggest that 15(S)-HETE is an inflammatory costimulator of FDC acting in a paracrine fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jini Kim
- Institute of Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongseon Choe
- BIT Medical Convergence Graduate Program and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, Republic of Korea.
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Langbøl M, Saruhanian S, Baskaran T, Tiedemann D, Mouhammad ZA, Toft-Kehler AK, Jun B, Vohra R, Bazan NG, Kolko M. Increased Antioxidant Capacity and Pro-Homeostatic Lipid Mediators in Ocular Hypertension-A Human Experimental Model. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9092979. [PMID: 32942740 PMCID: PMC7563216 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9092979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The main risk factor for primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is increased intraocular pressure (IOP). It is of interest that about half of the patients have an IOP within the normal range (normal-tension glaucoma, NTG). Additionally, there is a group of patients with a high IOP but no glaucomatous neurodegeneration (ocular hypertension, OHT). Therefore, risk factors other than IOP are involved in the pathogenesis of glaucoma. Since the retina has a very high oxygen-demand, decreased autoregulation and a fluctuating oxygen supply to the retina have been linked to glaucomatous neurodegeneration. To assess the significance of these mechanisms, we have utilized a human experimental model, in which we stress participants with a fluctuating oxygen supply. Levels of oxidative stress molecules, antioxidants, and lipid mediators were measured in the plasma. Patients with NTG, OHT, and control subjects were found to have similar levels of oxidative stress markers. In contrast, patients with OHT had a higher level of total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and pro-homeostatic lipid mediators. Thus, we suggest that OHT patients manage fluctuating oxygen levels more efficiently and, thus, are less susceptible to glaucomatous neurodegenerations, due to enhanced systemic antioxidant protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia Langbøl
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (S.S.); (T.B.); (D.T.); (Z.A.M.); (A.K.T.-K.); (R.V.)
- Correspondence: (M.L.); (M.K.); Tel.: +45-30-50-26-62 (M.L.); +45-29-80-76-67 (M.K.)
| | - Sarkis Saruhanian
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (S.S.); (T.B.); (D.T.); (Z.A.M.); (A.K.T.-K.); (R.V.)
| | - Thisayini Baskaran
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (S.S.); (T.B.); (D.T.); (Z.A.M.); (A.K.T.-K.); (R.V.)
| | - Daniel Tiedemann
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (S.S.); (T.B.); (D.T.); (Z.A.M.); (A.K.T.-K.); (R.V.)
| | - Zaynab A. Mouhammad
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (S.S.); (T.B.); (D.T.); (Z.A.M.); (A.K.T.-K.); (R.V.)
| | - Anne Katrine Toft-Kehler
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (S.S.); (T.B.); (D.T.); (Z.A.M.); (A.K.T.-K.); (R.V.)
| | - Bokkyoo Jun
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (B.J.); (N.G.B.)
| | - Rupali Vohra
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (S.S.); (T.B.); (D.T.); (Z.A.M.); (A.K.T.-K.); (R.V.)
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Nicolas G. Bazan
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (B.J.); (N.G.B.)
| | - Miriam Kolko
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (S.S.); (T.B.); (D.T.); (Z.A.M.); (A.K.T.-K.); (R.V.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet-Glostrup, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark
- Correspondence: (M.L.); (M.K.); Tel.: +45-30-50-26-62 (M.L.); +45-29-80-76-67 (M.K.)
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Szafran BN, Pinkston R, Perveen Z, Ross MK, Morgan T, Paulsen DB, Penn AL, Kaplan BLF, Noël A. Electronic-Cigarette Vehicles and Flavoring Affect Lung Function and Immune Responses in a Murine Model. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176022. [PMID: 32825651 PMCID: PMC7504509 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS), also known as electronic-cigarettes (e-cigs), has raised serious public health concerns, especially in light of the 2019 outbreak of e-cig or vaping product use-associated acute lung injury (EVALI). While these cases have mostly been linked to ENDS that contain vitamin E acetate, there is limited research that has focused on the chronic pulmonary effects of the delivery vehicles (i.e., without nicotine and flavoring). Thus, we investigated lung function and immune responses in a mouse model following exposure to the nearly ubiquitous e-cig delivery vehicles, vegetable glycerin (VG) and propylene glycol (PG), used with a specific 70%/30% ratio, with or without vanilla flavoring. We hypothesized that mice exposed sub-acutely to these e-cig aerosols would exhibit lung inflammation and altered lung function. Adult female C57BL/6 mice (n = 11–12 per group) were exposed to filtered air, 70%/30% VG/PG, or 70%/30% VG/PG with a French vanilla flavoring for 2 h a day for 6 weeks. Prior to sacrifice, lung function was assessed. At sacrifice, broncho-alveolar lavage fluid and lung tissue were collected for lipid mediator analysis, flow cytometry, histopathology, and gene expression analyses. Exposures to VG/PG + vanilla e-cig aerosol increased lung tidal and minute volumes and tissue damping. Immunophenotyping of lung immune cells revealed an increased number of dendritic cells, CD4+ T cells, and CD19+ B cells in the VG/PG-exposed group compared to air, irrespective of the presence of vanilla flavoring. Quantification of bioactive lung lipids demonstrated a >3-fold increase of 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), an anti-inflammatory mediator, and a 2-fold increase of 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12-HETE), another inflammatory mediator, following VG/PG exposure, with or without vanilla flavoring. This suggests that e-cig aerosol vehicles may affect immunoregulatory molecules. We also found that the two e-cig aerosols dysregulated the expression of lung genes. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis revealed that the gene networks that are dysregulated by the VG/PG e-cig aerosol are associated with metabolism of cellular proteins and lipids. Overall, our findings demonstrate that VG and PG, the main constituents of e-liquid formulations, when aerosolized through an e-cig device, are not harmless to the lungs, since they disrupt immune homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany N. Szafran
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Basic Sciences, Mississippi State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA; (B.N.S.); (M.K.R.); (B.L.F.K.)
| | - Rakeysha Pinkston
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; (R.P.); (Z.P.); (A.L.P.)
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Zakia Perveen
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; (R.P.); (Z.P.); (A.L.P.)
| | - Matthew K. Ross
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Basic Sciences, Mississippi State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA; (B.N.S.); (M.K.R.); (B.L.F.K.)
| | - Timothy Morgan
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, Mississippi State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA;
| | - Daniel B. Paulsen
- Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA;
| | - Arthur L. Penn
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; (R.P.); (Z.P.); (A.L.P.)
| | - Barbara L. F. Kaplan
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Basic Sciences, Mississippi State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA; (B.N.S.); (M.K.R.); (B.L.F.K.)
| | - Alexandra Noël
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; (R.P.); (Z.P.); (A.L.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-225-578-9753
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Montero ML, Liu JW, Orozco J, Casiano CA, De Leon M. Docosahexaenoic acid protection against palmitic acid-induced lipotoxicity in NGF-differentiated PC12 cells involves enhancement of autophagy and inhibition of apoptosis and necroptosis. J Neurochem 2020; 155:559-576. [PMID: 32379343 PMCID: PMC7754135 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Lipotoxicity (LTx) leads to cellular dysfunction and cell death and has been proposed to be an underlying process during traumatic and hypoxic injuries and neurodegenerative conditions in the nervous system. This study examines cellular mechanisms responsible for docosahexaenoic acid (DHA 22:6 n‐3) protection in nerve growth factor‐differentiated pheochromocytoma (NGFDPC12) cells from palmitic acid (PAM)‐mediated lipotoxicity (PAM‐LTx). NGFDPC12 cells exposed to PAM show a significant lipotoxicity demonstrated by a robust loss of cell viability, apoptosis, and increased HIF‐1α and BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa protein‐interacting protein 3 gene expression. Treatment of NGFDPC12 cells undergoing PAM‐LTx with the pan‐caspase inhibitor ZVAD did not protect, but shifted the process from apoptosis to necroptosis. This shift in cell death mechanism was evident by the appearance of the signature necroptotic Topo I protein cleavage fragments, phosphorylation of mixed lineage kinase domain‐like, and inhibition with necrostatin‐1. Cultures exposed to PAM and co‐treated with necrostatin‐1 (necroptosis inhibitor) and rapamycin (autophagy promoter), showed a significant protection against PAM‐LTx compared to necrostatin‐1 alone. In addition, co‐treatment with DHA, as well as 20:5 n‐3, 20:4 n‐6, and 22:5 n‐3, in the presence of PAM protected NGFDPC12 cells against LTx. DHA‐induced neuroprotection includes restoring normal levels of HIF‐1α and BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa protein‐interacting protein 3 transcripts and caspase 8 and caspase 3 activity, phosphorylation of beclin‐1, de‐phosphorylation of mixed lineage kinase domain‐like, increase in LC3‐II, and up‐regulation of Atg7 and Atg12 genes, suggesting activation of autophagy and inhibition of necroptosis. Furthermore, DHA‐induced protection was suppressed by the lysosomotropic agent chloroquine, an inhibitor of autophagy. We conclude that DHA elicits neuroprotection by regulating multiple cell death pathways including enhancement of autophagy and inhibiting apoptosis and necroptosis. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel L Montero
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine and Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Jo-Wen Liu
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine and Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - José Orozco
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine and Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Carlos A Casiano
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine and Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Marino De Leon
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine and Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
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Modulation of arachidonic acid-evoked cardiorespiratory effects by the central lipoxygenase pathway. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2020; 278:103441. [PMID: 32339697 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2020.103441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported that intracerebroventricularly (ICV) injected arachidonic acid (AA) could produce pressor and bradycardic responses on the cardiovascular system and hyperventilation effect on the respiratory system by activating cyclooxygenase (COX). We also demonstrated that centrally injected AA-induced cardiovascular and respiratory responses were mediated by COX-metabolites, such as thromboxane A2 (TXA2), prostaglandin (PG) D, PGE, and PGF2α. Brain tissue is also able to express the lipoxygenase (LOX) enzyme and LOX-induced AA-metabolites. The current study was designed to investigate the possible mediation of the central LOX pathway in AA-induced cardiorespiratory effects in anesthetized rats. Central pretreatment with different doses of a non-selective LOX inhibitor, nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) (500 and 1000 μg; ICV) partially blocked the AA (0.5 μmol; ICV)-evoked pressor and bradycardic cardiovascular responses in male anesthetized Sprague Dawley rats. Pretreatment with different doses of NDGA (500 and 1000 μg; ICV) also reduced AA-induced hyperventilation responses, with an increase in tidal volume, respiratory rate and minute ventilation, in the rats. Moreover, AA-induced increasing pO2 and decreasing pCO2 responses were diminished by central NDGA pretreatment. In summary, our findings show that the central LOX pathway might mediate, at least in part, centrally administered AA-evoked cardiorespiratory and blood gases responses.
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Joffre C, Dinel AL, Chataigner M, Pallet V, Layé S. n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Their Derivates Reduce Neuroinflammation during Aging. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12030647. [PMID: 32121189 PMCID: PMC7146513 DOI: 10.3390/nu12030647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
: Aging is associated to cognitive decline, which can lead to loss of life quality, personal suffering, and ultimately neurodegenerative diseases. Neuroinflammation is one of the mechanisms explaining the loss of cognitive functions. Indeed, aging is associated to the activation of inflammatory signaling pathways, which can be targeted by specific nutrients with anti-inflammatory effects. Dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are particularly attractive as they are present in the brain, possess immunomodulatory properties, and are precursors of lipid derivates named specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPM). SPMs are crucially involved in the resolution of inflammation that is modified during aging, resulting in chronic inflammation. In this review, we first examine the effect of aging on neuroinflammation and then evaluate the potential beneficial effect of n-3 PUFA as precursors of bioactive derivates, particularly during aging, on the resolution of inflammation. Lastly, we highlight evidence supporting a role of n-3 PUFA during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne Joffre
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France; (M.C.); (V.P.); (S.L.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Anne-Laure Dinel
- NutriBrain Research and Technology Transfer, NutriNeuro, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Mathilde Chataigner
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France; (M.C.); (V.P.); (S.L.)
- Abyss Ingredients, 56850 Caudan, France
| | - Véronique Pallet
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France; (M.C.); (V.P.); (S.L.)
| | - Sophie Layé
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France; (M.C.); (V.P.); (S.L.)
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Banerjee S, Talukdar I, Banerjee A, Gupta A, Balaji A, Aduri R. Type II diabetes mellitus and obesity: Common links, existing therapeutics and future developments. J Biosci 2019; 44:150. [PMID: 31894131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity are two common pathophysiological conditions of metabolic syndrome (MetS), a collection of similar metabolic dysfunctions due to sedentary lifestyle and overnutrition. Obesity arises from improper adipogenesis which otherwise has a crucial role in maintaining proper metabolic functions. Downstream events arising from obesity have been linked to T2DM. The nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator activator gamma (PPAR-γ), responsible for maintaining lipid and glucose homeostasis, is down-regulated under obesity leading to a weakened insulin sensitivity of the human body. In course of our review we will outline details of the down-regulation mechanism, provide an overview of the current clinical therapeutics and their shortcomings. Toxicity studies on the seminal drug troglitazone, belonging to the most effective glitazone anti-diabetic category, is also discussed. This will lead to an overview about structural adaptations on the existing glitazones to alleviate their side effects and toxicity. Finally, we forward a concept of novel therapeutics mimicking the glitazone framework, based on some design concepts and preliminary in silico studies. These could be later developed into dual acting drugs towards alleviating the deleterious effects of obesity on normal glucose metabolism, and address obesity in itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhadeep Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, BITS Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus, Zuarinagar 403 726, Goa, India
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Severiano DLR, Oliveira-Lima OC, Vasconcelos GA, Lemes Marques B, Almeida de Carvalho G, Freitas EMM, Xavier CH, Gomez MV, Pinheiro ACO, Gomez RS, Vaz BG, Pinto MCX. Cerebral Lipid Dynamics in Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion Model by DESI-MS Imaging. Neuroscience 2019; 426:1-12. [PMID: 31785353 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Vascular dementia (VD) is a major cognitive disorder originated from a blood flow disruption in the brain. This process leads to chronic cerebral ischemia that deeply affects neuronal tissues and lipid homeostasis. The understanding of cerebral lipid dynamics during chronic ischemia can reveal biomarkers and novel pharmacological targets for the treatment of VD. In this study, we used the Desorption Electrospray Ionization - imaging mass spectrometry (DESI-IMS) technique to map lipids in the rat brain tissues after bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO) rat model of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. The brain imaging enabled the detection of differences in lipids from ischemic and non-ischemic brains. The analysis demonstrated that arachidonic acid (ARA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), dihomo-γ-linolenic acid, hydroxyeicosatetraenoic (HETE)-Ala and glycerophosphoethanolamine levels were significantly reduced in the hippocampus and cortex of animals submitted to BCCAO model when compared to control animals. Decanoic acid was increased after 30 days of BCCAO model. Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) could discriminate between BCCAO group and the control group, in which γ-linolenic acid (m/z 277) ion and stearic acid (m/z 283) had the highest discrimination potential. Taken together, these findings indicate that lipid dynamics are altered in chronic ischemia-induced by BCCAO in rats and indicate potential biomarkers and pharmacological targets for VD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dryelle L R Severiano
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Neurofarmacologia, Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás 74690-900, Brazil
| | - Onésia C Oliveira-Lima
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Neurofarmacologia, Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás 74690-900, Brazil
| | - Géssica A Vasconcelos
- Laboratório de Cromatografia e Espectrometria de Massas, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás 74690-900, Brazil
| | - Bruno Lemes Marques
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Neurofarmacologia, Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás 74690-900, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Almeida de Carvalho
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Neurofarmacologia, Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás 74690-900, Brazil
| | - Elis M M Freitas
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Neurofarmacologia, Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás 74690-900, Brazil
| | - Carlos H Xavier
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás 74690-900, Brazil
| | - Marcus V Gomez
- Instituto de Ensino e Pesquisa da Santa Casa de Misericórdia, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Antônio C O Pinheiro
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 30130-100, Brazil
| | - Renato S Gomez
- Departamento de Cirurgia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 30130-100, Brazil
| | - Boniek Gontijo Vaz
- Laboratório de Cromatografia e Espectrometria de Massas, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás 74690-900, Brazil.
| | - Mauro Cunha Xavier Pinto
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Neurofarmacologia, Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás 74690-900, Brazil.
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37
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Type II diabetes mellitus and obesity: Common links, existing therapeutics and future developments. J Biosci 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12038-019-9962-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Kim HG, Heo H, Sung MS, Park SW. Carnosine decreases retinal ganglion cell death in a mouse model of optic nerve crushing. Neurosci Lett 2019; 711:134431. [PMID: 31415801 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.134431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The objectives of this study were to investigate whether carnosine can increase retinal ganglion cell (RGC) survival in the mouse retina and to determine the possible association between nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) mediated oxidative stress and neuroprotection of RGCs following optic nerve crushing (ONC). METHODS C57BL/6 J mice underwent ONC and were treated with carnosine (250 mg/kg) or saline intraperitoneally once daily until sacrifice. Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR)-γ and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression were assessed at 1, 3, and 7 days after ONC. The effects of carnosine on the expression of PPAR-γ, GFAP, and NF-κB were assessed. To evaluate the effects of carnosine on mitochondrial biogenesis and function, we compared the expression of PPAR gamma coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) and mitochondrial transcription factor A (mtTFA) in retinas from mice that were treated with carnosine or saline at 3 days after ONC. RGC survival was assessed by labeling flat-mounted retinas with Brn3a at 2 weeks after ONC. RESULTS The expression levels of PPAR-γ and GFAP were upregulated in saline-treated retinas for 7 days after ONC, with maximal expression at 3 days, and carnosine treatment effectively attenuated this upregulation. In addition, upregulation of NF-κB, PGC-1α and mtTFA expression was also observed in saline-treated retinas after ONC, and this upregulation was blocked by carnosine treatment, resulting in a significant difference between carnosine-treated and saline-treated retinas after ONC. Immunohistochemical staining for Brn3a also showed that carnosine treatment protected against RGC loss after ONC. CONCLUSIONS Inhibition of NF-κB expression and oxidative stress by carnosine treatment plays a significant role in the prevention of RGC loss after ONC. The results also highlight the potential of carnosine as a neuroprotective agent against RGC loss in optic neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hwan Heo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chonnam National University Medical School & Hospital, 42 Jebong-ro, Dong-gu, Gwangju, 61469, South Korea
| | - Mi Sun Sung
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chonnam National University Medical School & Hospital, 42 Jebong-ro, Dong-gu, Gwangju, 61469, South Korea
| | - Sang Woo Park
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chonnam National University Medical School & Hospital, 42 Jebong-ro, Dong-gu, Gwangju, 61469, South Korea.
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Joffre C, Rey C, Layé S. N-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and the Resolution of Neuroinflammation. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1022. [PMID: 31607902 PMCID: PMC6755339 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past few decades, as a result of their anti-inflammatory properties, n-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFAs), have gained greater importance in the regulation of inflammation, especially in the central nervous system (in this case known as neuroinflammation). If sustained, neuroinflammation is a common denominator of neurological disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease and major depression, and of aging. Hence, limiting neuroinflammation is a real strategy for neuroinflammatory disease therapy and treatment. Recent data show that n-3 LC-PUFAs exert anti-inflammatory properties in part through the synthesis of specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) such as resolvins, maresins and protectins. These SPMs are crucially involved in the resolution of inflammation. They could be good candidates to resolve brain inflammation and to contribute to neuroprotective functions and could lead to novel therapeutics for brain inflammatory diseases. This review presents an overview 1) of brain n-3 LC-PUFAs as precursors of SPMs with an emphasis on the effect of n-3 PUFAs on neuroinflammation, 2) of the formation and action of SPMs in the brain and their biological roles, and the possible regulation of their synthesis by environmental factors such as inflammation and nutrition and, in particular, PUFA consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne Joffre
- INRA, Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, UMR 1286, Bordeaux, France.,Université de Bordeaux 2, Bordeaux, France
| | - Charlotte Rey
- INRA, Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, UMR 1286, Bordeaux, France.,Université de Bordeaux 2, Bordeaux, France.,ITERG, Nutrition Health and Lipid Biochemistry Department, Canéjan, France
| | - Sophie Layé
- INRA, Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, UMR 1286, Bordeaux, France.,Université de Bordeaux 2, Bordeaux, France
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40
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Biringer RG. The Role of Eicosanoids in Alzheimer's Disease. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16142560. [PMID: 31323750 PMCID: PMC6678666 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16142560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders known. Estimates from the Alzheimer's Association suggest that there are currently 5.8 million Americans living with the disease and that this will rise to 14 million by 2050. Research over the decades has revealed that AD pathology is complex and involves a number of cellular processes. In addition to the well-studied amyloid-β and tau pathology, oxidative damage to lipids and inflammation are also intimately involved. One aspect all these processes share is eicosanoid signaling. Eicosanoids are derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids by enzymatic or non-enzymatic means and serve as short-lived autocrine or paracrine agents. Some of these eicosanoids serve to exacerbate AD pathology while others serve to remediate AD pathology. A thorough understanding of eicosanoid signaling is paramount for understanding the underlying mechanisms and developing potential treatments for AD. In this review, eicosanoid metabolism is examined in terms of in vivo production, sites of production, receptor signaling, non-AD biological functions, and known participation in AD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger G Biringer
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, 5000 Lakewood Ranch Blvd., Bradenton, FL 34211, USA.
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41
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Sun L, Bian K. The Nuclear Export and Ubiquitin-Proteasome-Dependent Degradation of PPARγ Induced By Angiotensin II. Int J Biol Sci 2019; 15:1215-1224. [PMID: 31223281 PMCID: PMC6567814 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.29741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence has documented local angiotensin II (Ang II) as a pro-oxidant and pro-inflammatory molecule contributes to progressive deterioration of organ function in diseases. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), a ligand-activated transcription factor, plays crucial roles in protection against oxidative stress and inflammation. Ang II stimulation decreases PPARγ protein in multiple types of cells, while the regulatory role of Ang II on PPARγ is not clear. Here we show that Ang II down-regulated PPARγ in ECV304 cells through 2 actions, inducing nuclear export and loss of protein. The nuclear export of PPARγ occurred transiently in the early phase, while the reduction in PPARγ protein happened in the later phase and was more persistent. Both alterations in PPARγ were accompanied by the decrease in PPARγ-DNA binding activity. Reduction of PPARγ protein levels was also coupled with the inhibition of PPARγ target genes. In addition, activation of PPARγ by its ligand troglitazone could completely counteract both 2 actions of Ang II on PPARγ. Further studies demonstrated that the decline of PPARγ protein was in association with ubiquitin-proteasome-dependent degradation, which was supported by the increase in polyubiquitin-PPARγ conjugates and the inhibitory effect of lactacystin, a specific proteasome inhibitor, on the loss of PPARγ. Taken together, this study uncovers a novel means by which Ang II down-regulates PPARγ. This down-regulation disrupts nuclear PPARγ function, which may lead to the loss of beneficial effects of PPARγ in response to Ang II stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Sun
- Tianjin Medical University General Hospital; Tianjin Neurological Institute; Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin, 300052, PR China.,Murad Research Institute for Modernized Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, PR China
| | - Ka Bian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University, Ross Hall 2300 Eye Street, NW, Washington, DC 20037, USA
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Prismawan D, van der Vlag R, Guo H, Dekker FJ, Hirsch AKH. Replacement of an Indole Scaffold Targeting Human 15-Lipoxygenase-1 Using Combinatorial Chemistry. Helv Chim Acta 2019; 102:e1900040. [PMID: 31231138 PMCID: PMC6563716 DOI: 10.1002/hlca.201900040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Human 15-lipoxygenase-1 (15-LOX-1) belongs to the class of lipoxygenases, which catalyze oxygenation of polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as arachidonic and linoleic acid. Recent studies have shown that 15-LOX-1 plays an important role in physiological processes linked to several diseases such as airway inflammation disease, coronary artery disease, and several types of cancer such as rectal, colon, breast and prostate cancer. In this study, we aimed to extend the structural diversity of 15-LOX-1 inhibitors, starting from the recently identified indolyl core. In order to find new scaffolds, we employed a combinatorial approach using various aromatic aldehydes and an aliphatic hydrazide tail. This scaffold-hopping study resulted in the identification of the 3-pyridylring as a suitable replacement of the indolyl core with an inhibitory activity in the micromolar range (IC 50=16±6 μm) and a rapid and efficient structure-activity relationship investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deka Prismawan
- Stratingh Institute for ChemistryUniversity of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7NL-9747AG GroningenThe Netherlands
- Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy (GRIP)University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, NL-9713AV GroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Ramon van der Vlag
- Stratingh Institute for ChemistryUniversity of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7NL-9747AG GroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Hao Guo
- Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy (GRIP)University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, NL-9713AV GroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Frank J. Dekker
- Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy (GRIP)University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, NL-9713AV GroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Anna K. H. Hirsch
- Stratingh Institute for ChemistryUniversity of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7NL-9747AG GroningenThe Netherlands
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS) – Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI)Department of Drug Design and OptimizationCampus Building E8.1DE-66123SaarbrückenGermany
- Department of PharmacySaarland UniversityDE-66123SaarbrückenGermany
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Wang C, Qu Y, Suo R, Zhu Y. Long non-coding RNA MALAT1 regulates angiogenesis following oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:2970-2983. [PMID: 30784209 PMCID: PMC6433728 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been identified as playing critical roles in multiple diseases. However, little is known regarding their roles and mechanisms in post-stroke angiogenesis. Our studies focused on deciphering the functional roles and the underlying mechanisms of the lncRNA metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) in the process of angiogenesis following oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R). We characterized the up-regulation of MALAT1 expression in the process of angiogenesis after hypoxic injury in vivo and in vitro. We further showed that compared with the empty vector, MALAT1 knockdown had significantly reduced the capacity for angiogenesis, which was measured by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium (MTT), scratching, cell cycle and immunofluorescent staining. Thus, our findings suggest that MALAT1 may mediate proangiogenic function in OGD/R. To further explore the potential mechanisms, we used lentiviruses expressing shMALAT1 and empty vector; the results revealed that shMALAT1 reduced the expression of 15-lipoxygenase 1 (15-LOX1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and the phosphorylation of signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (pSTAT3). Taken together, our results are the first to propose that MALAT1 may regulate angiogenesis through the 15-LOX1/STAT3 signalling pathway, and they may provide a critical target for the treatment of hypoxic injury and an avenue for therapeutic angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengya Wang
- Department of NeurologySecond Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Youyang Qu
- Department of NeurologySecond Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Rui Suo
- Department of NeurologySecond Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Yulan Zhu
- Department of NeurologySecond Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbinChina
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The role of the 12( S)-HETE/GPR31/12-HETER axis in cancer and ischemia-reperfusion injury. Biochem Soc Trans 2019; 47:743-754. [PMID: 30902921 DOI: 10.1042/bst20180635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) constitute a large superfamily of seven transmembrane-spanning receptors that are activated by several classes of ligands, including bioactive lipids. GPCRs are attractive therapeutic targets for the treatment of human diseases, as they finely regulate a wide array of cellular functions. In this minireview, we summarized what is currently known about the G protein-coupled receptor GPR31/12-HETER. We highlighted, in particular, its structural similarity with human homologs, the biological functions of its recognized ligand 12(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (HETE), an arachidonic acid metabolite, and the role that GPR31/12-HETER-mediated signals play in cancer cell growth, invasion and metastasis, and in liver ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. Recent studies shed light and interest on the 12(S)-HETE/GPR31/12-HETER-activated signaling pathways and functions. The full spectrum of GPR31/12-HETER-mediated biological functions has yet to be characterized. Further studies are needed to identify other potential ligands, i.e. other than 12(S)-HETE. Another important remaining question is whether the multiple 12(S)-HETE-induced biological activities, including its role in diabetes, neurodegeneration, neuroprotection, and platelet function, occur via GPR31/12-HETER and/or involve the activation of other receptor molecules and pathways.
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Rey C, Delpech JC, Madore C, Nadjar A, Greenhalgh AD, Amadieu C, Aubert A, Pallet V, Vaysse C, Layé S, Joffre C. Dietary n-3 long chain PUFA supplementation promotes a pro-resolving oxylipin profile in the brain. Brain Behav Immun 2019; 76:17-27. [PMID: 30086401 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2018.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The brain is highly enriched in long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) that display immunomodulatory properties in the brain. At the periphery, the modulation of inflammation by LC-PUFAs occurs through lipid mediators called oxylipins which have anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving activities when derived from n-3 LC-PUFAs and pro-inflammatory activities when derived from n-6 LC-PUFAs. However, whether a diet rich in LC-PUFAs modulates oxylipins and neuroinflammation in the brain has been poorly investigated. In this study, the effect of a dietary n-3 LC-PUFA supplementation on oxylipin profile and neuroinflammation in the brain was analyzed. Mice were given diets deficient or supplemented in n-3 LC-PUFAs for a 2-month period starting at post-natal day 21, followed by a peripheral administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) at adulthood. We first showed that dietary n-3 LC-PUFA supplementation induced n-3 LC-PUFA enrichment in the hippocampus and subsequently an increase in n-3 PUFA-derived oxylipins and a decrease in n-6 PUFA-derived oxylipins. In response to LPS, n-3 LC-PUFA deficient mice presented a pro-inflammatory oxylipin profile whereas n-3 LC-PUFA supplemented mice displayed an anti-inflammatory oxylipin profile in the hippocampus. Accordingly, the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and 5-lipoxygenase, the enzymes implicated in pro- and anti-inflammatory oxylipin synthesis, was induced by LPS in both diets. In addition, LPS-induced pro-inflammatory cytokine increase was reduced by dietary n-3 LC-PUFA supplementation. These results indicate that brain n-3 LC-PUFAs increase by dietary means and promote the synthesis of anti-inflammatory derived bioactive oxylipins. As neuroinflammation plays a key role in all brain injuries and many neurodegenerative disorders, the present data suggest that dietary habits may be an important regulator of brain cytokine production in these contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Rey
- INRA, Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, UMR 1286, 33076 Bordeaux, France; ITERG, Institut des corps gras, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - J C Delpech
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - C Madore
- Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - A Nadjar
- INRA, Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, UMR 1286, 33076 Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux 2, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France
| | - A D Greenhalgh
- INRA, Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, UMR 1286, 33076 Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux 2, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France
| | - C Amadieu
- INRA, Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, UMR 1286, 33076 Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux 2, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France
| | - A Aubert
- INRA, Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, UMR 1286, 33076 Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux 2, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France
| | - V Pallet
- INRA, Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, UMR 1286, 33076 Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux 2, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France
| | - C Vaysse
- ITERG, Institut des corps gras, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - S Layé
- INRA, Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, UMR 1286, 33076 Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux 2, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France
| | - C Joffre
- INRA, Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, UMR 1286, 33076 Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux 2, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France.
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Singh NK, Rao GN. Emerging role of 12/15-Lipoxygenase (ALOX15) in human pathologies. Prog Lipid Res 2019; 73:28-45. [PMID: 30472260 PMCID: PMC6338518 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
12/15-lipoxygenase (12/15-LOX) is an enzyme, which oxidizes polyunsaturated fatty acids, particularly omega-6 and -3 fatty acids, to generate a number of bioactive lipid metabolites. A large number of studies have revealed the importance of 12/15-LOX role in oxidative and inflammatory responses. The in vitro studies have demonstrated the ability of 12/15-LOX metabolites in the expression of various genes and production of cytokine related to inflammation and resolution of inflammation. The studies with the use of knockout and transgenic animals for 12/15-LOX have further shown its involvement in the pathogenesis of a variety of human diseases, including cardiovascular, renal, neurological and metabolic disorders. This review summarizes our current knowledge on the role of 12/15-LOX in inflammation and various human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhlesh K Singh
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 71 S. Manassas Street Memphis, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Gadiparthi N Rao
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 71 S. Manassas Street Memphis, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
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Deuterated Arachidonic Acids Library for Regulation of Inflammation and Controlled Synthesis of Eicosanoids: An In Vitro Study. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23123331. [PMID: 30558277 PMCID: PMC6321560 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23123331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of signal lipids, including eicosanoids, is not fully understood, although it is key to the modulation of various inflammatory states. Recently, isotopologues of essential polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) deuterated at bis-allylic positions (D-PUFAs) have been proposed as inhibitors of non-enzymatic lipid peroxidation (LPO) in various disease models. Arachidonic acid (AA, 20:4 n-6) is the main precursor to several classes of eicosanoids, which are produced by cyclooxygenases (COX) and lipoxygenases (LOX). In this study we analyzed the relative activity of human recombinant enzymes COX-2, 5-LOX, and 15-LOX-2 using a library of arachidonic acids variably deuterated at the bis-allylic (C7, C10, and C13) positions. Kinetic parameters (KM, Vmax) and isotope effects calculated from kH/kD for seven deuterated arachidonic acid derivatives were obtained. Spectroscopic methods have shown that deuteration at the 13th position dramatically affects the kinetic parameters of COX-2 and 15-LOX-2. The activity of 5-LOX was evaluated by measuring hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (8-HETE and 5-HETE) using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Deuteration at the seventh and 10th positions affects the performance of the 5-LOX enzyme. A flowchart is proposed suggesting how to modulate the synthesis of selected eicosanoids using the library of deuterated isotopologues to potentially fine-tune various inflammation stages.
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Hydroxysafflor Yellow A Shows Protection against PPAR γ Inactivation in Nitrosative Neurons. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:9101740. [PMID: 30410641 PMCID: PMC6206554 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9101740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Peroxynitrite-mediated nitrosative stress in the brain has been associated with various neurodegenerative disorders. Recent evidence highlights peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) as a critical neuroprotective factor in neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we observed the effect of the herb hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA) during nitrosative stress in neurons and investigated the mechanism based on PPARγ protection. We found that a single exposure of primary neurons to peroxynitrite donor SIN-1 caused neuronal injury, which was accompanied by the increase of PPARγ nitration status and lack of activation of the receptor, as measured by PPARγ DNA-binding activity, by agonist (15d-PGJ2 or rosiglitazone) stimulation. The crucial role of PPARγ in neuronal defense against nitrosative stress was verified by showing that pretreatment with 15d-PGJ2 or rosiglitazone attenuated SIN-1-induced neuronal injury but pretreatment with GW9662, a PPARγ antagonist, aggravated SIN-1-induced neuronal injury. The addition of HSYA not only inhibited SIN-1-induced neuronal damage but prevented PPARγ nitrative modification and resumed PPARγ activity stimulated by either 15d-PGJ2 or rosiglitazone. Furthermore, HSYA also showed the ability to rescue the neuroprotective effect of 15d-PGJ2 or rosiglitazone when the agonists were coincubated with SIN-1. Finally, in vivo experiments demonstrated that the administration of HSYA also efficiently blocked PPARγ nitration and loss of activity in the SIN-1-injected hippocampus and reversed the increased neuronal susceptibility which was supported by the inhibition of Bcl-2 protein downregulation induced by SIN-1. The results suggest that HSYA protects neurons from nitrosative stress through keeping PPARγ as a functional receptor, allowing a more effective activation of this neuroprotective factor by the endogenous or exogenous agonist. Our findings provide new clues in understanding the role of the neuroprotective potential of the herbal HSYA.
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Kain V, Halade GV. Immune responsive resolvin D1 programs peritoneal macrophages and cardiac fibroblast phenotypes in diversified metabolic microenvironment. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:3910-3920. [PMID: 30191990 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Bioactive lipid mediators derived from n-3 and n-6 fatty acids are known to modulate leukocytes. Metabolic transformation of essential fatty acids to endogenous bioactive molecules plays a major role in human health. Here we tested the potential of substrates; linoleic acid (LA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and their bioactive products; resolvin D1 (RvD1) and 12- S-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETE) to modulate macrophage plasticity and cardiac fibroblast phenotype in presence or absence of lipid metabolizing enzyme 12/15-lipoxygenase (LOX). Peritoneal macrophages and cardiac fibroblasts were isolated from wild-type (C57BL/6J) and 12/15LOX -/- mice and treated with DHA, LA, 12(S)-HETE, and RvD1 for 4, 8, 12, and 24 hr. LA, DHA, 12(S)-HETE, and RvD1 elicited mRNA expression of proinflammatory markers; tumor necrosis factor-α ( Tnf-α), interleukin 6 ( IL-6), chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (Ccl2), and IL-1β in wild type (WT) and in 12/15LOX -/- macrophages at early time point (4 hr). Bioactive immunoresolvent RvD1 lowered the levels of Tnf-α, IL-6, and IL-1β at 24 hr time point. Both DHA and RvD1 stimulated the proresolving markers such as arginase 1 ( Arg-1), chitinase-like protein 3 ( Ym-1), and mannose receptor C-type 1 in WT macrophage. RvD1 induced proresolving phenotype Arg-1 expression in both WT 12/15LOX -/- macrophages even in presence of 12(S)-HETE. RvD1 peaked 5LOX expression in both WT and 12/15LOX -/- at 24 hr time point compared with DHA. RvD1 diminished cyclooxygenase-2 but upregulated 5LOX expression in fibroblast compared with DHA. In summary, the feed-forward enzymatic interaction with fatty acids substrates and direct mediators (RvD1 and 12(S)-HETE) are responsive in determining macrophages phenotype and cardiac fibroblast plasticity. Particularly, macrophages and fibroblast phenotypes are responsive to milieu and RvD1 governs the milieu-dependent chemokine signaling in presence or absence of 12/15LOX enzyme to resolve inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasundhara Kain
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Ganesh V Halade
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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Yeung J, Li W, Holinstat M. Platelet Signaling and Disease: Targeted Therapy for Thrombosis and Other Related Diseases. Pharmacol Rev 2018; 70:526-548. [PMID: 29925522 PMCID: PMC6013590 DOI: 10.1124/pr.117.014530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelets are essential for clotting in the blood and maintenance of normal hemostasis. Under pathologic conditions such as atherosclerosis, vascular injury often results in hyperactive platelet activation, resulting in occlusive thrombus formation, myocardial infarction, and stroke. Recent work in the field has elucidated a number of platelet functions unique from that of maintaining hemostasis, including regulation of tumor growth and metastasis, inflammation, infection, and immune response. Traditional therapeutic targets for inhibiting platelet activation have primarily been limited to cyclooxygenase-1, integrin αIIbβ3, and the P2Y12 receptor. Recently identified signaling pathways regulating platelet function have made it possible to develop novel approaches for pharmacological intervention in the blood to limit platelet reactivity. In this review, we cover the newly discovered roles for platelets as well as their role in hemostasis and thrombosis. These new roles for platelets lend importance to the development of new therapies targeted to the platelet. Additionally, we highlight the promising receptor and enzymatic targets that may further decrease platelet activation and help to address the myriad of pathologic conditions now known to involve platelets without significant effects on hemostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Yeung
- Departments of Pharmacology (J.Y., W.L., M.H.) and Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (M.H.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Wenjie Li
- Departments of Pharmacology (J.Y., W.L., M.H.) and Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (M.H.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Michael Holinstat
- Departments of Pharmacology (J.Y., W.L., M.H.) and Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (M.H.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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