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Li Y, Zhou E, Yu Y, Wang B, Zhang L, Lei R, Xue B, Tian X, Niu J, Liu J, Zhang K, Luo B. Butyrate attenuates cold-induced hypertension via gut microbiota and activation of brown adipose tissue. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 943:173835. [PMID: 38851345 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chronic exposure to cold temperature is known to elevate blood pressure, leading to a condition known as cold-induced hypertension (CIH). Our previous research suggested correlations between alterations in gut microbiota, decrease in butyrate level, and the onset and progression of CIH. However, the role of butyrate in CIH and the underlying mechanisms need further investigation. METHODS We exposed Specific Pathogen Free (SPF) rats to continuous cold temperature (4 ± 1 °C) for 6 weeks to establish a CIH rat model. Rats were divided into different groups by dose and duration, and the rats under cold were administered with butyrate (0.5 or 1 g/kg/day) daily. We assessed hypertension-associated phenotypes, pathological morphological changes, and endocrine-related phenotypes of brown adipose tissue (BAT). The effects of butyrate on gut microbiota and intestinal content metabolism were evaluated by 16s RNA sequencing and non-targeted metabolomics, respectively. RESULTS The systolic blood pressure (SBP) of rats exposed to cold after supplemented with butyrate were significantly lower than that of the Cold group. Butyrate may increase the species, abundance, and diversity of gut microbiota in rats. Specifically, butyrate intervention enriched beneficial bacterial genera, such as Lactobacillaceae, and decreased the levels of harmful bacteria genera, such as Actinobacteriota and Erysipeiotrichaceae. Cold exposure significantly increased BAT cells and the number of mitochondria. After butyrate supplementation, the levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1a and fibroblast growth factor 21 in BAT were significantly elevated (P < 0.05), and the volume and number of lipid droplets increased. The levels of ANG II and high-density lipoprotein were elevated in the Cold group but decreased after butyrate supplementation. CONCLUSION Butyrate may attenuate blood pressure in CIH by promoting the growth of beneficial bacteria and the secretion of beneficial derived factors produced by BAT, thus alleviating the elevation of blood pressure induced by cold. This study demonstrates the anti-hypertensive effects of butyrate and its potential therapeutic mechanisms, offering novel insights to the prevention and treatment of CIH in populations living or working in cold environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlin Li
- Institute of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Erkai Zhou
- Institute of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunhui Yu
- Institute of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Wang
- Institute of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Institute of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruoyi Lei
- Institute of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Baode Xue
- Institute of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Tian
- Institute of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingping Niu
- Institute of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangtao Liu
- Institute of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University at Albany, State University of New York, One University Place, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA.
| | - Bin Luo
- Institute of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Meteorology and Health, Shanghai Meteorological Bureau, Shanghai 200030, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Typhoon Institute, China Meteorological Administration, Shanghai 200030, People's Republic of China.
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Carneiro FS, Katashima CK, Dodge JD, Cintra DE, Pauli JR, Da Silva ASR, Ropelle ER. Tissue-specific roles of mitochondrial unfolded protein response during obesity. Obes Rev 2024; 25:e13791. [PMID: 38880974 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Obesity is a worldwide multifactorial disease caused by an imbalance in energy metabolism, increasing adiposity, weight gain, and promoting related diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegeneration, and cancer. Recent findings have reported that metabolic stress related to obesity induces a mitochondrial stress response called mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt), a quality control pathway that occurs in a nuclear DNA-mitochondria crosstalk, causing transduction of chaperones and proteases under stress conditions. The duality of UPRmt signaling, with both beneficial and detrimental effects, acts in different contexts depending on the tissue, cell type, and physiological states, affecting the mitochondrial function and efficiency and the metabolism homeostasis during obesity, which remains not fully clarified. Therefore, this review discusses the most recent findings regarding UPRmt signaling during obesity, bringing an overview of UPRmt across different metabolic tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda S Carneiro
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos K Katashima
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Joshua D Dodge
- Department of Biology, The University of Texas at Arlington (UTA), Arlington, Texas, USA
| | - Dennys E Cintra
- Laboratory of Nutritional Genomic, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Rodrigo Pauli
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adelino S R Da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo R Ropelle
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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Yuze Ma, Liu N, Shao X, Shi T, Lin J, Liu B, Shen T, Guo B, Jiang Q. Mechanical loading on osteocytes regulates thermogenesis homeostasis of brown adipose tissue by influencing osteocyte-derived exosomes. J Orthop Translat 2024; 48:39-52. [PMID: 39087139 PMCID: PMC11287067 DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2024.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Osteocytes are the main stress-sensing cells in bone. The substances secreted by osteocytes under mechanical loading play a crucial role in maintaining body homeostasis. Osteocytes have recently been found to release exosomes into the circulation, but whether they are affected by mechanical loading or participate in the regulation of systemic homeostasis remains unclear. Methods We used a tail-suspension model to achieve mechanical unloading on osteocytes. Osteocyte-specific CD63 reporter mice were used for osteocyte exosome tracing. Exosome detection and inhibitor treatment were performed to confirm the effect of mechanical loading on exosome secretion by osteocytes. Co-culture, GW4869 and exosome treatment were used to investigate the biological functions of osteocyte-derived exosomes on brown adipose tissue (BAT) and primary brown adipocytes. Osteocyte-specific Dicer KO mice were used to screen for loading-sensitive miRNAs. Dual luciferase assay was performed to validate the selected target gene. Results Firstly, we found the thermogenic activity was increased in BAT of mice subjected to tail suspension, which is due to the effect of unloaded bone on circulating exosomes. Further, we showed that the secretion of exosomes from osteocytes is regulated by mechanical loading, and osteocyte-derived exosomes can reach BAT and affect thermogenic activity. More importantly, we confirmed the effect of osteocyte exosomes on BAT both in vivo and in vitro. Finally, we discovered that let-7e-5p contained in exosomes is under regulation of mechanical loading and regulates thermogenic activity of BAT by targeting Ppargc1a. Conclusion Exosomes derived from osteocytes are loading-sensitive, and play a vital role in regulation on BAT, suggesting that regulation of exosomes secretion can restore homeostasis. The translational potential of this article This study provides a biological rationale for using osteocyte exosomes as potential agents to modulate BAT and even whole-body homeostasis. It also provides a new pathological basis and a new treatment approach for mechanical unloading conditions such as spaceflight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuze Ma
- Division of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Na Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoyan Shao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tianshu Shi
- Division of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiaquan Lin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Division of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tao Shen
- Division of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Baosheng Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qing Jiang
- Division of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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Hu Y, Huang Y, Jiang Y, Weng L, Cai Z, He B. The Different Shades of Thermogenic Adipose Tissue. Curr Obes Rep 2024; 13:440-460. [PMID: 38607478 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-024-00559-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW By providing a concise overview of adipose tissue types, elucidating the regulation of adipose thermogenic capacity in both physiological contexts and chronic wasting diseases (a protracted hypermetabolic state that precipitates sustained catabolism and consequent progressive corporeal atrophy), and most importantly, delving into the ongoing discourse regarding the role of adipose tissue thermogenic activation in chronic wasting diseases, this review aims to provide researchers with a comprehensive understanding of the field. RECENT FINDINGS Adipose tissue, traditionally classified as white, brown, and beige (brite) based on its thermogenic activity and potential, is intricately regulated by complex mechanisms in response to exercise or cold exposure. This regulation is adipose depot-specific and dependent on the duration of exposure. Excessive thermogenic activation of adipose tissue has been observed in chronic wasting diseases and has been considered a pathological factor that accelerates disease progression. However, this conclusion may be confounded by the detrimental effects of excessive lipolysis. Recent research also suggests that such activation may play a beneficial role in the early stages of chronic wasting disease and provide potential therapeutic effects. A more comprehensive understanding of the changes in adipose tissue thermogenesis under physiological and pathological conditions, as well as the underlying regulatory mechanisms, is essential for the development of novel interventions to improve health and prevent disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunwen Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Yijie Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Yangjing Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Lvkan Weng
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China.
| | - Zhaohua Cai
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China.
| | - Ben He
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China.
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Franco-Obregón A, Tai YK. Are Aminoglycoside Antibiotics TRPing Your Metabolic Switches? Cells 2024; 13:1273. [PMID: 39120305 PMCID: PMC11311832 DOI: 10.3390/cells13151273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are broadly implicated in the developmental programs of most tissues. Amongst these tissues, skeletal muscle and adipose are noteworthy for being essential in establishing systemic metabolic balance. TRP channels respond to environmental stimuli by supplying intracellular calcium that instigates enzymatic cascades of developmental consequence and often impinge on mitochondrial function and biogenesis. Critically, aminoglycoside antibiotics (AGAs) have been shown to block the capacity of TRP channels to conduct calcium entry into the cell in response to a wide range of developmental stimuli of a biophysical nature, including mechanical, electromagnetic, thermal, and chemical. Paradoxically, in vitro paradigms commonly used to understand organismal muscle and adipose development may have been led astray by the conventional use of streptomycin, an AGA, to help prevent bacterial contamination. Accordingly, streptomycin has been shown to disrupt both in vitro and in vivo myogenesis, as well as the phenotypic switch of white adipose into beige thermogenic status. In vivo, streptomycin has been shown to disrupt TRP-mediated calcium-dependent exercise adaptations of importance to systemic metabolism. Alternatively, streptomycin has also been used to curb detrimental levels of calcium leakage into dystrophic skeletal muscle through aberrantly gated TRPC1 channels that have been shown to be involved in the etiology of X-linked muscular dystrophies. TRP channels susceptible to AGA antagonism are critically involved in modulating the development of muscle and adipose tissues that, if administered to behaving animals, may translate to systemwide metabolic disruption. Regenerative medicine and clinical communities need to be made aware of this caveat of AGA usage and seek viable alternatives, to prevent contamination or infection in in vitro and in vivo paradigms, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Franco-Obregón
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Institute of Health Technology and Innovation (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
- BICEPS Lab (Biolonic Currents Electromagnetic Pulsing Systems), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
- NUS Centre for Cancer Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
- Competence Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore
| | - Yee Kit Tai
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Institute of Health Technology and Innovation (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
- BICEPS Lab (Biolonic Currents Electromagnetic Pulsing Systems), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
- NUS Centre for Cancer Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
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Markina NO, Matveev GA, Zasypkin GG, Golikova TI, Ryzhkova DV, Kononova YA, Danilov SD, Babenko AY. Role of Brown Adipose Tissue in Metabolic Health and Efficacy of Drug Treatment for Obesity. J Clin Med 2024; 13:4151. [PMID: 39064191 PMCID: PMC11277946 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13144151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is responsible for non-shivering thermogenesis, and its activation has become a new object as both a determinant of metabolic health and a target for therapy. This study aimed to identify the relationships between the presence of BAT, parameters that characterize metabolic health (glucose, lipids, blood pressure (BP)), and the dynamics of body mass index (BMI) during weight-reducing therapy. (2) Methods: The study included 72 patients with obesity. We investigated metabolic parameters, anthropometric parameters, and BP. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and positron emission tomography and computed tomography (PET/CT) imaging with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) were performed. (3) Results: Before weight-reducing therapy, BAT was revealed only in 19% patients with obesity. The presence of BAT was associated with a lower risk of metabolic deviations that characterize metabolic syndrome: shorter waist circumference (WC) (p = 0.02) and lower levels of glucose (p = 0.03) and triglycerides (p = 0.03). Thereafter, patients were divided into four groups according to the type of therapy (only lifestyle modification or with Liraglutide or Reduxin or Reduxin Forte). We did not find a relationship between the presence of BAT and response to therapy: percent weight reduction was 10.4% in patients with BAT and 8.5% in patients without BAT (p = 0.78) during six months of therapy. But we noted a significant positive correlation between the volume of BAT and the effectiveness of weight loss at 3 months (r = 0.52, p = 0.016). The dynamic analysis of BAT after 6 months of therapy showed a significant increase in the volume of cold-induced metabolically active BAT, as determined by PET/CT with 18F-FDG in the Liraglutide group (p = 0.04) and an increase in the activity of BAT standardized uptake value (SUV mean and SUV max) in the Reduxin (p = 0.02; p = 0.01, respectively) and Liraglutide groups (p = 0.02 in both settings). (4) Conclusions: The presence of brown adipose tissue is associated with a lower risk of metabolic abnormalities. In general, our study demonstrated that well-established drugs in the treatment of obesity (Liraglutide and Reduxin) have one more mechanism for implementing their effects. These drugs have the ability to increase the activity of BAT. A significant positive relationship between the total volume of BAT and the percentage of weight loss may further determine the priority mechanism of the weight-reducing effect of these medicaments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia O. Markina
- Laboratory of Prediabetes and Metabolic Disorders, WCRC “Centre for Personalized Medicine”, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petersburg 197341, Russia (G.A.M.); (G.G.Z.); (T.I.G.)
| | - Georgy A. Matveev
- Laboratory of Prediabetes and Metabolic Disorders, WCRC “Centre for Personalized Medicine”, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petersburg 197341, Russia (G.A.M.); (G.G.Z.); (T.I.G.)
| | - German G. Zasypkin
- Laboratory of Prediabetes and Metabolic Disorders, WCRC “Centre for Personalized Medicine”, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petersburg 197341, Russia (G.A.M.); (G.G.Z.); (T.I.G.)
| | - Tatiana I. Golikova
- Laboratory of Prediabetes and Metabolic Disorders, WCRC “Centre for Personalized Medicine”, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petersburg 197341, Russia (G.A.M.); (G.G.Z.); (T.I.G.)
| | - Daria V. Ryzhkova
- Laboratory of Prediabetes and Metabolic Disorders, WCRC “Centre for Personalized Medicine”, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petersburg 197341, Russia (G.A.M.); (G.G.Z.); (T.I.G.)
| | - Yulia A. Kononova
- Laboratory of Prediabetes and Metabolic Disorders, WCRC “Centre for Personalized Medicine”, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petersburg 197341, Russia (G.A.M.); (G.G.Z.); (T.I.G.)
| | - Sergey D. Danilov
- Facility of Digital Transformation, ITMO University, Saint Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | - Alina Yu. Babenko
- Laboratory of Prediabetes and Metabolic Disorders, WCRC “Centre for Personalized Medicine”, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petersburg 197341, Russia (G.A.M.); (G.G.Z.); (T.I.G.)
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Vasek D, Holicek P, Galatik F, Kratochvilova A, Porubska B, Somova V, Fikarova N, Hajkova M, Prevorovsky M, Zurmanova JM, Krulova M. Immune response to cold exposure: Role of γδ T cells and TLR2-mediated inflammation. Eur J Immunol 2024:e2350897. [PMID: 38988146 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202350897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
The mammalian body possesses remarkable adaptability to cold exposure, involving intricate adjustments in cellular metabolism, ultimately leading to thermogenesis. However, cold-induced stress can impact immune response, primarily through noradrenaline-mediated pathways. In our study, we utilized a rat model subjected to short-term or long-term mild cold exposure to investigate systemic immune response during the cold acclimation. To provide human relevance, we included a group of regular cold swimmers in our study. Our research revealed complex relationship between cold exposure, neural signaling, immune response, and thermogenic regulation. One-day cold exposure triggered stress response, including cytokine production in white adipose tissue, subsequently activating brown adipose tissue, and inducing thermogenesis. We further studied systemic immune response, including the proportion of leukocytes and cytokines production. Interestingly, γδ T cells emerged as possible regulators in the broader systemic response, suggesting their possible contribution in the dynamic process of cold adaptation. We employed RNA-seq to gain further insights into the mechanisms by which γδ T cells participate in the response to cold. Additionally, we challenged rats exposed to cold with the Toll-like receptor 2 agonist, showing significant modulation of immune response. These findings significantly contribute to understanding of the physiological acclimation that occur in response to cold exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Vasek
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Holicek
- Sotio Biotech, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Immunology, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Frantisek Galatik
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Kratochvilova
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Bianka Porubska
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Somova
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Natalie Fikarova
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Hajkova
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Prevorovsky
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka M Zurmanova
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Magdalena Krulova
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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Yang Z, Lu Y, Li T, Zhou X, Yang J, Yang S, Bu S, Duan Y. Osmanthus fragrans Flavonoid Extract Inhibits Adipogenesis and Induces Beiging in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes. Foods 2024; 13:1894. [PMID: 38928836 PMCID: PMC11202805 DOI: 10.3390/foods13121894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Osmanthus fragrans has a long history of cultivation in Asia and is widely used in food production for its unique aroma, which has important cultural and economic values. It is rich in flavonoids with diverse pharmacological properties, such as antioxidant, anti-tumor, and anti-lipid activities. However, little is known regarding the effects of Osmanthus fragrans flavonoid extract (OFFE) on adipogenesis and pre-adipocyte transdifferentiation. Herein, this research aimed to investigate the effect of OFFE on the differentiation, adipogenesis, and beiging of 3T3-L1 adipocytes and to elucidate the underlying mechanism. Results showed that OFFE inhibited adipogenesis, reduced intracellular reactive oxygen species levels in mature adipocytes, and promoted mitochondrial biogenesis as well as beiging/browning in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. This effect was accompanied by increased mRNA and protein levels of the brown adipose-specific marker gene Pgc-1a, and the upregulation of the expression of UCP1, Cox7A1, and Cox8B. Moreover, the research observed a dose-dependent reduction in the mRNA expression of adipogenic genes (C/EBPα, GLUT-4, SREBP-1C, and FASN) with increasing concentrations of OFFE. Additionally, OFFE activated the AMPK signaling pathway to inhibit adipogenesis. These findings elucidate that OFFE has an inhibitory effect on adipogenesis and promotes browning in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, which lays the foundation for further investigation of the lipid-lowering mechanism of OFFE in vivo in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiying Yang
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (Z.Y.); (Y.L.); (J.Y.); (S.Y.); (Y.D.)
| | - Yuxin Lu
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (Z.Y.); (Y.L.); (J.Y.); (S.Y.); (Y.D.)
| | - Tingting Li
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Light Industry and Food Engineer, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China;
| | - Xunyong Zhou
- HC Enzyme (Shenzhen) Biotech. Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518112, China;
| | - Jia Yang
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (Z.Y.); (Y.L.); (J.Y.); (S.Y.); (Y.D.)
| | - Shuwen Yang
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (Z.Y.); (Y.L.); (J.Y.); (S.Y.); (Y.D.)
| | - Su Bu
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (Z.Y.); (Y.L.); (J.Y.); (S.Y.); (Y.D.)
| | - Yifan Duan
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (Z.Y.); (Y.L.); (J.Y.); (S.Y.); (Y.D.)
- International Cultivar Registration Center for Osmanthus, Nanjing 210037, China
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Shay D, Welly R, Mao J, Kinkade J, Brown JK, Rosenfeld CS, Vieira-Potter VJ. Knockdown of Esr1 from DRD1-Rich Brain Regions Affects Adipose Tissue Metabolism: Potential Crosstalk between Nucleus Accumbens and Adipose Tissue. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6130. [PMID: 38892320 PMCID: PMC11172510 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Declining estrogen (E2) leads to physical inactivity and adipose tissue (AT) dysfunction. Mechanisms are not fully understood, but E2's effects on dopamine (DA) activity in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) brain region may mediate changes in mood and voluntary physical activity (PA). Our prior work revealed that loss of E2 robustly affected NAc DA-related gene expression, and the pattern correlated with sedentary behavior and visceral fat. The current study used a new transgenic mouse model (D1ERKO) to determine whether the abolishment of E2 receptor alpha (ERα) signaling within DA-rich brain regions affects PA and AT metabolism. Adult male and female wild-type (WT) and D1ERKO (KD) mice were assessed for body composition, energy intake (EE), spontaneous PA (SPA), and energy expenditure (EE); underwent glucose tolerance testing; and were assessed for blood biochemistry. Perigonadal white AT (PGAT), brown AT (BAT), and NAc brain regions were assessed for genes and proteins associated with DA, E2 signaling, and metabolism; AT sections were also assessed for uncoupling protein (UCP1). KD mice had greater lean mass and EE (genotype effects) and a visible change in BAT phenotype characterized by increased UCP1 staining and lipid depletion, an effect seen only among females. Female KD had higher NAc Oprm1 transcript levels and greater PGAT UCP1. This group tended to have improved glucose tolerance (p = 0.07). NAc suppression of Esr1 does not appear to affect PA, yet it may directly affect metabolism. This work may lead to novel targets to improve metabolic dysfunction following E2 loss, possibly by targeting the NAc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dusti Shay
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, Division of Food, Nutrition and Exercise Sciences, CAFNR, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; (D.S.)
| | - Rebecca Welly
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, Division of Food, Nutrition and Exercise Sciences, CAFNR, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; (D.S.)
| | - Jiude Mao
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, E102 Veterinary Medicine Building, Columbia, MO 65211, USA (C.S.R.)
| | - Jessica Kinkade
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, E102 Veterinary Medicine Building, Columbia, MO 65211, USA (C.S.R.)
| | - Joshua K. Brown
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, Division of Food, Nutrition and Exercise Sciences, CAFNR, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; (D.S.)
| | - Cheryl S. Rosenfeld
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, E102 Veterinary Medicine Building, Columbia, MO 65211, USA (C.S.R.)
- MU Institute of Data Science and Informatics, University of Missouri, E102 Veterinary Medicine Building, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Genetics Area Program, University of Missouri, E102 Veterinary Medicine Building, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Thompson Center for Autism and Neurobehavioral Disorders, University of Missouri, E102 Veterinary Medicine Building, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Victoria J. Vieira-Potter
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, Division of Food, Nutrition and Exercise Sciences, CAFNR, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; (D.S.)
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10
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李 雨, 王 瑗, 袁 泉. [Latest Findings on the Role of α-Ketoglutarate in Metabolic Syndrome]. SICHUAN DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF SICHUAN UNIVERSITY. MEDICAL SCIENCE EDITION 2024; 55:783-792. [PMID: 38948289 PMCID: PMC11211801 DOI: 10.12182/20240560302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Alpha-ketoglutarate (α-KG), an endogenous intermediate of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, is involved in a variety of cellular metabolic pathways. It serves as an energy donor, a precursor of amino acid biosynthesis, and an epigenetic regulator. α-KG plays physiological functions in immune regulation, oxidative stress, and anti-aging as well. In recent years, it has been reported that the level of α-KG in the body is closely associated with metabolic syndrome, including obesity, hyperglycemia, and other pathological factors. Exogenous supplementation of α-KG improves obesity, blood glucose levels, and cardiovascular disease risks associated with metabolic syndrome. Furthermore, α-KG regulates the common pathological mechanisms of metabolic syndrome, suggesting the potential application prospect of α-KG in metabolic syndrome. In order to provide a theoretical basis for further exploration of the application of α-KG in metabolic syndrome, we focused on α-KG and metabolic syndrome in this article and summarized the latest research progress in the role of α-KG in improving the pathological condition and disease progression of metabolic syndrome. For the next step, researchers may focus on the co-pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome and investigate whether α-KG can be used to achieve the therapeutic goal of "homotherapy for heteropathy" in the treatment of metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- 雨含 李
- 口腔疾病防治全国重点实验室 国家口腔医学中心 国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心 四川大学华西口腔医院 种植科 (成都 610041)State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Implant, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - 瑗 王
- 口腔疾病防治全国重点实验室 国家口腔医学中心 国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心 四川大学华西口腔医院 种植科 (成都 610041)State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Implant, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - 泉 袁
- 口腔疾病防治全国重点实验室 国家口腔医学中心 国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心 四川大学华西口腔医院 种植科 (成都 610041)State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Implant, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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11
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Meng Z, Liu C, Xu M, Tao Y, Li H, Wang X, Liao J, Wang M. Adipose transplantation improves metabolism and atherosclerosis but not perivascular adipose tissue abnormality or vascular dysfunction in lipodystrophic Seipin/Apoe null mice. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2024; 326:C1410-C1422. [PMID: 38525541 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00698.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Adipose dysfunction in lipodystrophic SEIPIN deficiency is associated with multiple metabolic disorders and increased risks of developing cardiovascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis, cardiac hypertrophy, and heart failure. Recently, adipose transplantation has been found to correct adipose dysfunction and metabolic disorders in lipodystrophic Seipin knockout mice; however, whether adipose transplantation could improve lipodystrophy-associated cardiovascular consequences is still unclear. Here, we aimed to explore the effects of adipose transplantation on lipodystrophy-associated metabolic cardiovascular diseases in Seipin knockout mice crossed into atherosclerosis-prone apolipoprotein E (Apoe) knockout background. At 2 months of age, lipodystrophic Seipin/Apoe double knockout mice and nonlipodystrophic Apoe knockout controls were subjected to adipose transplantation or sham operation. Seven months later, mice were euthanized. Our data showed that although adipose transplantation had no significant impact on endogenous adipose atrophy or gene expression, it remarkably increased plasma leptin but not adiponectin concentration in Seipin/Apoe double knockout mice. This led to significantly reduced hyperlipidemia, hepatic steatosis, and insulin resistance in Seipin/Apoe double knockout mice. Consequently, atherosclerosis burden, intraplaque macrophage infiltration, and aortic inflammatory gene expression were all attenuated in Seipin/Apoe double knockout mice with adipose transplantation. However, adipocyte morphology, macrophage infiltration, or fibrosis of the perivascular adipose tissue was not altered in Seipin/Apoe double knockout mice with adipose transplantation, followed by no significant improvement of vasoconstriction or relaxation. In conclusion, we demonstrate that adipose transplantation could alleviate lipodystrophy-associated metabolic disorders and atherosclerosis but has an almost null impact on perivascular adipose abnormality or vascular dysfunction in lipodystrophic Seipin/Apoe double knockout mice.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Adipose transplantation (AT) reverses multiply metabolic derangements in lipodystrophy, but whether it could improve lipodystrophy-related cardiovascular consequences is unknown. Here, using Seipin/Apoe double knockout mice as a lipodystrophy disease model, we showed that AT partially restored adipose functionality, which translated into significantly reduced atherosclerosis. However, AT was incapable of reversing perivascular adipose abnormality or vascular dysfunction. The current study provides preliminary experimental evidence on the therapeutic potential of AT on lipodystrophy-related metabolic cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Meng
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Chuangxing Liu
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Mengke Xu
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yongqiang Tao
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Haiyu Li
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xijia Wang
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jiawei Liao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Mengyu Wang
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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12
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Zeng B, Shen Q, Wang B, Tang X, Jiang J, Zheng Y, Huang H, Zhuo W, Wang W, Gao Y, Li X, Wang S, Li W, Qian G, Qin J, Hou M, Lv H. Spexin ameliorated obesity-related metabolic disorders through promoting white adipose browning mediated by JAK2-STAT3 pathway. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2024; 21:22. [PMID: 38658956 PMCID: PMC11040786 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-024-00790-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spexin, a 14 amino acid peptide, has been reported to regulate obesity and its associated complications. However, little is known about the underlying molecular mechanism. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of spexin on obesity and explore the detailed molecular mechanisms in vivo and in vitro. METHODS Male C57BL/6J mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks to induce obesity, and mice fed a standard fat diet were used as controls. Then, these mice were treated with SPX or Vehicle by intraperitoneal injection for an additional 12 weeks, respectively. The metabolic profile, fat-browning specific markers and mitochondrial contents were detected. In vitro, 3T3-L1 cells were used to investigate the molecular mechanisms. RESULTS After 12 weeks of treatment, SPX significantly decreased body weight, serum lipid levels, and improved insulin sensitivity in HFD-induced obese mice. Moreover, SPX was found to promote oxygen consumption in HFD mice, and it increased mitochondrial content as well as the expression of brown-specific markers in white adipose tissue (WAT) of HFD mice. These results were consistent with the increase in mitochondrial content and the expression of brown-specific markers in 3T3-L1 mature adipocytes. Of note, the spexin-mediated beneficial pro-browning actions were abolished by the JAK2/STAT3 pathway antagonists in mature 3T3-L1 cells. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that spexin ameliorates obesity-induced metabolic disorders by improving WAT browning via activation of the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. Therefore, SPX may serve as a new therapeutic candidate for treating obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bihe Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, 215025, Suzhou, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 223002, Huai'an, China
| | - Qin Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, 215025, Suzhou, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, 215025, Suzhou, China
| | - Xuan Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, 215025, Suzhou, China
| | - Jiaqi Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, 215025, Suzhou, China
| | - Yiming Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, 215025, Suzhou, China
| | - Hongbiao Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, 215025, Suzhou, China
| | - Wenyu Zhuo
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, 215025, Suzhou, China
| | - Wang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, 215025, Suzhou, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, 215025, Suzhou, China
| | - Xuan Li
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, 215025, Suzhou, China
| | - Shuhui Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, 215025, Suzhou, China
| | - Wenjie Li
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, 215025, Suzhou, China
| | - Guanghui Qian
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, 215025, Suzhou, China
| | - Jie Qin
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, 215025, Suzhou, China
| | - Miao Hou
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, 215025, Suzhou, China.
| | - Haitao Lv
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, 215025, Suzhou, China.
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13
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Wang L, Valencak TG, Shan T. Fat infiltration in skeletal muscle: Influential triggers and regulatory mechanism. iScience 2024; 27:109221. [PMID: 38433917 PMCID: PMC10907799 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Fat infiltration in skeletal muscle (also known as myosteatosis) is now recognized as a distinct disease from sarcopenia and is directly related to declining muscle capacity. Hence, understanding the origins and regulatory mechanisms of fat infiltration is vital for maintaining skeletal muscle development and improving human health. In this article, we summarized the triggering factors such as aging, metabolic diseases and metabolic syndromes, nonmetabolic diseases, and muscle injury that all induce fat infiltration in skeletal muscle. We discussed recent advances on the cellular origins of fat infiltration and found several cell types including myogenic cells and non-myogenic cells that contribute to myosteatosis. Furthermore, we reviewed the molecular regulatory mechanism, detection methods, and intervention strategies of fat infiltration in skeletal muscle. Based on the current findings, our review will provide new insight into regulating function and lipid metabolism of skeletal muscle and treating muscle-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyi Wang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Tizhong Shan
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
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14
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Zhou E, Zhang L, He L, Xiao Y, Zhang K, Luo B. Cold exposure, gut microbiota and health implications: A narrative review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 916:170060. [PMID: 38242473 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Temperature has been recognized as an important environmental factor affecting the composition and function of gut microbiota (GM). Although research on high-temperature impacts has been well studied, knowledge about the effect of cold exposure on GM remains limited. This narrative review aims to synthesize the latest scientific findings on the impact of cold exposure on mammalian GM, and its potential health implications. Chronic cold exposure could disrupt the α-diversity and the composition of GM in both experimental animals and wild-living hosts. Meanwhile, cold exposure could impact gut microbial metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids. We also discussed plausible biological pathways and mechanisms by which cold-induced changes may impact host health, including metabolic homeostasis, fitness and thermogenesis, through the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Intriguingly, alterations in GM may provide a tool for favorably modulating the host response to the cold temperature. Finally, current challenges and future perspectives are discussed, emphasizing the need for translational research in humans. GM could be manipulated by utilizing nutritional strategies, such as probiotics and prebiotics, to deal with cold-related health issues and enhance well-being in populations living or working in cold environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erkai Zhou
- Institute of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Institute of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Li He
- Institute of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Ya Xiao
- Institute of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA
| | - Bin Luo
- Institute of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China.
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15
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Romero-Becera R, Santamans AM, Arcones AC, Sabio G. From Beats to Metabolism: the Heart at the Core of Interorgan Metabolic Cross Talk. Physiology (Bethesda) 2024; 39:98-125. [PMID: 38051123 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00018.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The heart, once considered a mere blood pump, is now recognized as a multifunctional metabolic and endocrine organ. Its function is tightly regulated by various metabolic processes, at the same time it serves as an endocrine organ, secreting bioactive molecules that impact systemic metabolism. In recent years, research has shed light on the intricate interplay between the heart and other metabolic organs, such as adipose tissue, liver, and skeletal muscle. The metabolic flexibility of the heart and its ability to switch between different energy substrates play a crucial role in maintaining cardiac function and overall metabolic homeostasis. Gaining a comprehensive understanding of how metabolic disorders disrupt cardiac metabolism is crucial, as it plays a pivotal role in the development and progression of cardiac diseases. The emerging understanding of the heart as a metabolic and endocrine organ highlights its essential contribution to whole body metabolic regulation and offers new insights into the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases, such as obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disorders. In this review, we provide an in-depth exploration of the heart's metabolic and endocrine functions, emphasizing its role in systemic metabolism and the interplay between the heart and other metabolic organs. Furthermore, emerging evidence suggests a correlation between heart disease and other conditions such as aging and cancer, indicating that the metabolic dysfunction observed in these conditions may share common underlying mechanisms. By unraveling the complex mechanisms underlying cardiac metabolism, we aim to contribute to the development of novel therapeutic strategies for metabolic diseases and improve overall cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alba C Arcones
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Guadalupe Sabio
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas, Madrid, Spain
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16
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Cani PD, Van Hul M. Gut microbiota in overweight and obesity: crosstalk with adipose tissue. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 21:164-183. [PMID: 38066102 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-023-00867-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Overweight and obesity are characterized by excessive fat mass accumulation produced when energy intake exceeds energy expenditure. One plausible way to control energy expenditure is to modulate thermogenic pathways in white adipose tissue (WAT) and/or brown adipose tissue (BAT). Among the different environmental factors capable of influencing host metabolism and energy balance, the gut microbiota is now considered a key player. Following pioneering studies showing that mice lacking gut microbes (that is, germ-free mice) or depleted of their gut microbiota (that is, using antibiotics) developed less adipose tissue, numerous studies have investigated the complex interactions existing between gut bacteria, some of their membrane components (that is, lipopolysaccharides), and their metabolites (that is, short-chain fatty acids, endocannabinoids, bile acids, aryl hydrocarbon receptor ligands and tryptophan derivatives) as well as their contribution to the browning and/or beiging of WAT and changes in BAT activity. In this Review, we discuss the general physiology of both WAT and BAT. Subsequently, we introduce how gut bacteria and different microbiota-derived metabolites, their receptors and signalling pathways can regulate the development of adipose tissue and its metabolic capacities. Finally, we describe the key challenges in moving from bench to bedside by presenting specific key examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrice D Cani
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group (MNUT), Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
- Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology (WELBIO), WELBIO department, WEL Research Institute, Wavre, Belgium.
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Matthias Van Hul
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group (MNUT), Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology (WELBIO), WELBIO department, WEL Research Institute, Wavre, Belgium
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17
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Liu X, Yang J, Yan Y, Li Q, Huang RL. Unleashing the potential of adipose organoids: A revolutionary approach to combat obesity-related metabolic diseases. Theranostics 2024; 14:2075-2098. [PMID: 38505622 PMCID: PMC10945346 DOI: 10.7150/thno.93919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity-related metabolic diseases, including obesity, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases pose a significant threat to health. However, comprehensive pathogenesis exploration and effective therapy development are impeded by the limited availability of human models. Notably, advances in organoid technology enable the generation of adipose organoids that recapitulate structures and functions of native human adipose tissues to investigate mechanisms and develop corresponding treatments for obesity-related metabolic diseases. Here, we review the general principles, sources, and three-dimensional techniques for engineering adipose organoids, along with strategies to promote maturation. We also outline the application of white adipose organoids, primarily for disease modeling and drug screening, and highlight the therapeutic potential of thermogenic beige and brown adipose organoids in promoting weight loss and glucose and lipid metabolic homeostasis. We also discuss the challenges and prospects in the establishment and bench-to-bedside of adipose organoids, as well as their potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingran Liu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute for Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute for Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuxin Yan
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute for Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingfeng Li
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute for Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai, China
| | - Ru-Lin Huang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute for Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai, China
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18
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Jurado-Fasoli L, Sanchez-Delgado G, Di X, Yang W, Kohler I, Villarroya F, Aguilera CM, Hankemeier T, Ruiz JR, Martinez-Tellez B. Cold-induced changes in plasma signaling lipids are associated with a healthier cardiometabolic profile independently of brown adipose tissue. Cell Rep Med 2024; 5:101387. [PMID: 38262411 PMCID: PMC10897514 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Cold exposure activates brown adipose tissue (BAT) and potentially improves cardiometabolic health through the secretion of signaling lipids by BAT. Here, we show that 2 h of cold exposure in young adults increases the levels of omega-6 and omega-3 oxylipins, the endocannabinoids (eCBs) anandamide and docosahexaenoylethanolamine, and lysophospholipids containing polyunsaturated fatty acids. Contrarily, it decreases the levels of the eCBs 1-LG and 2-LG and 1-OG and 2-OG, lysophosphatidic acids, and lysophosphatidylethanolamines. Participants overweight or obese show smaller increases in omega-6 and omega-3 oxylipins levels compared to normal weight. We observe that only a small proportion (∼4% on average) of the cold-induced changes in the plasma signaling lipids are slightly correlated with BAT volume. However, cold-induced changes in omega-6 and omega-3 oxylipins are negatively correlated with adiposity, glucose homeostasis, lipid profile, and liver parameters. Lastly, a 24-week exercise-based randomized controlled trial does not modify plasma signaling lipid response to cold exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Jurado-Fasoli
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sports Science, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Carretera de Alfacar s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Guillermo Sanchez-Delgado
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sports Science, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Carretera de Alfacar s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain; Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, Ibs.Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Xinyu Di
- Metabolomics and Analytics Center, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Wei Yang
- Metabolomics and Analytics Center, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Isabelle Kohler
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Division of BioAnalytical Chemistry, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Center for Analytical Sciences Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Francesc Villarroya
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Concepcion M Aguilera
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, Ibs.Granada, Granada, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, "José Mataix Verdú" Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INYTA), Biomedical Research Centre (CIBM), University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Thomas Hankemeier
- Metabolomics and Analytics Center, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jonatan R Ruiz
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sports Science, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Carretera de Alfacar s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, Ibs.Granada, Granada, Spain.
| | - Borja Martinez-Tellez
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sports Science, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Carretera de Alfacar s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Education, Faculty of Education Sciences and SPORT Research Group (CTS-1024), CERNEP Research Center, University of Almería, Almería, Spain.
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19
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Cho YR, Lee S, Kim H, Park EC, Jeong SY, Hamishehkar H, Jung SM, Kim KH. Pinuseldarone, a Clerodane-Type Diterpene from Pinus eldarica Needles and Phytochemicals as Novel Agents for Regulating Brown Adipogenesis and Thermogenesis. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2024; 87:58-67. [PMID: 38159296 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.3c00779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Phytochemical investigation of the MeOH extract of Pinus eldarica needles led to the isolation and identification of a new clerodane-type diterpene, pinuseldarone (1), along with a known flavonoid, 5,4'-dihydroxy-3,7,8-trimethoxy-6-C-methylflavone (2), through HPLC purification. The structure of the new compound 1 was elucidated using spectroscopic methods, including 1D and 2D NMR, as well as HRESIMS. Its absolute configuration was established through NOESY analysis and computational methods, including electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations and gauge-including atomic orbital NMR chemical shift calculations, followed by DP4+ probability analysis. The metabolic implications of the isolated compounds were assessed using a cultured brown adipocyte model derived from murine brown adipose tissue. It was observed that treatment with dihydroxy-3,7,8-trimethoxy-6-C-methylflavone (2) downregulates the adipogenic marker C/EBPδ and fatty acid transporter CD36, resulting in a significant reduction in lipid accumulation during brown adipocyte differentiation. However, pinuseldarone (1) treatment did not affect brown adipocyte differentiation. Interestingly, pretreatment with pinuseldarone (1) potentiated the pharmacological stimulation of brown adipocytes, seemingly achieved by sensitizing their response to β3-adrenoreceptor signaling. Therefore, our findings indicate that phytochemicals derived from P. eldarica needles could potentially serve as valuable compounds for adjusting the metabolic activity of brown adipose tissue, a vital component in maintaining whole-body metabolic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeo Rang Cho
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghun Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoju Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Eon Chung Park
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Yun Jeong
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hamed Hamishehkar
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51656-65811, Iran
| | - Su Myung Jung
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Hyun Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
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20
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Chondronikola M, Yoshino J, Ramaswamy R, Giardina JD, Laforest R, Wahl RL, Patterson BW, Mittendorfer B, Klein S. Very-low-density lipoprotein triglyceride and free fatty acid plasma kinetics in women with high or low brown adipose tissue volume and overweight/obesity. Cell Rep Med 2024; 5:101370. [PMID: 38232692 PMCID: PMC10829791 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Although a high amount of brown adipose tissue (BAT) is associated with low plasma triglyceride concentration, the mechanism responsible for this relationship in people is not clear. Here, we evaluate the interrelationships among BAT, very-low-density lipoprotein triglyceride (VLDL-TG), and free fatty acid (FFA) plasma kinetics during thermoneutrality in women with overweight/obesity who had a low (<20 mL) or high (≥20 mL) volume of cold-activated BAT (assessed by using positron emission tomography in conjunction with 2-deoxy-2-[18F]-fluoro-glucose). We find that plasma TG and FFA concentrations are lower and VLDL-TG and FFA plasma clearance rates are faster in women with high BAT than low BAT volume, whereas VLDL-TG and FFA appearance rates in plasma are not different between the two groups. These findings demonstrate that women with high BAT volume have lower plasma TG and FFA concentrations than women with low BAT volumes because of increased VLDL-TG and FFA clearance rates. This study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02786251).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Chondronikola
- Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science-Metabolic Research Laboratories, Medical Research Council Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Harokopio University of Athens, Kallithea, Greece.
| | - Jun Yoshino
- Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Raja Ramaswamy
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Richard Laforest
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Richard L Wahl
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Bruce W Patterson
- Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Bettina Mittendorfer
- Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Samuel Klein
- Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Sansum Diabetes Research Institute, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.
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21
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Li J, He J, He H, Wang X, Zhang S, He Y, Zhang J, Yuan C, Wang H, Xu D, Pan C, Yu H, Zou K. Sweet triterpenoid glycoside from Cyclocarya paliurus ameliorates obesity-induced insulin resistance through inhibiting the TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 inflammatory pathway. Curr Res Food Sci 2024; 8:100677. [PMID: 38303998 PMCID: PMC10831159 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2024.100677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Our prophase studies have manifested that the sweet triterpenoid glycoside from the leaves of Cyclocarya paliurus (CPST) effectively improved the disorders of glucolipid metabolism in vitro and in patients. The current purpose was to further detect its mechanisms involved. The results demonstrated that CPST could ameliorate high-fat diet (HFD)-induced insulin resistance (IR), which was linked to reducing HFD-induced mice's body weight, serum glucose (GLUO), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (T-CHO) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), lowering the area under the oral glucose tolerance curve and insulin tolerance, elevating the percentage of brown adipose, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), reducing fat droplets of adipocytes in interscapular brown adipose tissue (iBAT) and cross-sectional area of adipocytes. Further studies manifested that CPST obviously downregulated TLR4, MyD88, NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1, cleased-caspase-1, IL-18, IL-1β, TXNIP, and GSDMD protein expressions and p-NF-кB/NF-кB ratio in iBAT. These aforementioned findings demonstrated that CPST ameliorated HFD induced IR by regulating TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway, which in turn enhancing insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development & Yichang Key Laboratory of Development and Utilization of Health Products with Drug and Food Homology, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, 443002, China
| | - Junyu He
- Basic Medical College of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, 443002, China
| | - Haibo He
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development & Yichang Key Laboratory of Development and Utilization of Health Products with Drug and Food Homology, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, 443002, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, 442000, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development & Yichang Key Laboratory of Development and Utilization of Health Products with Drug and Food Homology, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, 443002, China
| | - Shuran Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development & Yichang Key Laboratory of Development and Utilization of Health Products with Drug and Food Homology, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, 443002, China
| | - Yumin He
- Basic Medical College of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, 443002, China
| | - Jihong Zhang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of China Three Gorges University & Hubei Clinical Research Center for Functional Digestive Diseases of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yichang, Hubei, 443001, China
| | - Chengfu Yuan
- Basic Medical College of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, 443002, China
| | - HongWu Wang
- Department and Institute of Infectious Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Hua Zhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Daoxiang Xu
- Seventh People's Hospital of Wenzhou, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325005, China
| | - Chaowang Pan
- Medical College of Ezhou Vocational University, Ezhou, Hubei, 436000, China
| | - Huifan Yu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, 442000, China
| | - Kun Zou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development & Yichang Key Laboratory of Development and Utilization of Health Products with Drug and Food Homology, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, 443002, China
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22
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Ziqubu K, Dludla PV, Mabhida SE, Jack BU, Keipert S, Jastroch M, Mazibuko-Mbeje SE. Brown adipose tissue-derived metabolites and their role in regulating metabolism. Metabolism 2024; 150:155709. [PMID: 37866810 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2023.155709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
The discovery and rejuvenation of metabolically active brown adipose tissue (BAT) in adult humans have offered a new approach to treat obesity and metabolic diseases. Beyond its accomplished role in adaptive thermogenesis, BAT secretes signaling molecules known as "batokines", which are instrumental in regulating whole-body metabolism via autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine action. In addition to the intrinsic BAT metabolite-oxidizing activity, the endocrine functions of these molecules may help to explain the association between BAT activity and a healthy systemic metabolic profile. Herein, we review the evidence that underscores the significance of BAT-derived metabolites, especially highlighting their role in controlling physiological and metabolic processes involving thermogenesis, substrate metabolism, and other essential biological processes. The conversation extends to their capacity to enhance energy expenditure and mitigate features of obesity and its related metabolic complications. Thus, metabolites derived from BAT may provide new avenues for the discovery of metabolic health-promoting drugs with far-reaching impacts. This review aims to dissect the complexities of the secretory role of BAT in modulating local and systemic metabolism in metabolic health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khanyisani Ziqubu
- Department of Biochemistry, North-West University, Mmabatho 2745, South Africa
| | - Phiwayinkosi V Dludla
- Cochrane South Africa, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa
| | - Sihle E Mabhida
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa
| | - Babalwa U Jack
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa
| | - Susanne Keipert
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Jastroch
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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23
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Chou TJ, Lin LY, Lu CW, Hsu YJ, Huang CC, Huang KC. Effects of aerobic, resistance, and high-intensity interval training on thermogenic gene expression in white adipose tissue in high fat diet induced obese mice. Obes Res Clin Pract 2024; 18:64-72. [PMID: 38238145 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2024.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Global prevalence of obesity has continued to rise and poses public health concerns. Current anti-obesity medications are mainly focused on suppressing appetite. Thermogenic fat cells that increase energy expenditure may be a promising alternative target to combat obesity. Our study aims to investigate the effects of aerobic, resistance, and high-intensity interval training on thermogenic gene expression in white adipose tissue in high fat diet induced obese mice. METHODS Fifty 6-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were initially divided into control group and high fat diet group for obesity induction. After 8 weeks of obesity induction, obese mice were subdivided into sedentary, aerobic exercise, resistance exercise, and high intensity interval training groups. Trained obese mice were submitted to 8 weeks of exercise. RESULTS Our results showed that all three exercises significantly decreased body weight, and improved metabolic profiles including glucose tolerance, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Moreover, aerobic exercise training increases serum irisin levels and thermogenic gene expressions such as Prdm16, Cidea, and Pgc-1α in epididymal white adipose tissue of obese mice. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that when it comes to the adaption of thermogenic fat cells, the modality of exercise should be taken into consideration. Aerobic exercise may induce a modest increase in the expression levels of certain thermogenic genes in epididymal white adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Jung Chou
- Department of Family Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsinchu, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Yu Lin
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wen Lu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Family Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Family Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ju Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chang Huang
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Kuo-Chin Huang
- Department of Family Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsinchu, Taiwan; Department of Family Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Family Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
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24
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Wen X, Xiao Y, Xiao H, Tan X, Wu B, Li Z, Wang R, Xu X, Li T. Bisphenol S induces brown adipose tissue whitening and aggravates diet-induced obesity in an estrogen-dependent manner. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113504. [PMID: 38041811 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Bisphenol S (BPS) exposure has been implied epidemiologically to increase obesity risk, but the underlying mechanism is unclear. Here, we propose that BPS exposure at an environmentally relevant dose aggravates diet-induced obesity in female mice by inducing brown adipose tissue (BAT) whitening. We explored the underlying mechanism by which KDM5A-associated demethylation of the trimethylation of lysine 4 on histone H3 (H3K4me3) in thermogenic genes is overactivated in BAT upon BPS exposure, leading to the reduced expression of thermogenic genes. Further studies have suggested that BPS activates KDM5A transcription in BAT by binding to glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in an estrogen-dependent manner. Estrogen-estrogen receptors facilitate the accessibility of the KDM5A gene promoter to BPS-activated GR by recruiting the activator protein 1 (AP-1) complex. These results indicate that BAT is another important target of BPS and that targeting KDM5A-related signals may serve as an approach to counteract the BPS-induced susceptivity to obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Wen
- Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Department of Anesthesiology, Laboratory of Mitochondria and Metabolism, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yang Xiao
- Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Haitao Xiao
- Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xueqin Tan
- Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Department of Anesthesiology, Laboratory of Mitochondria and Metabolism, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Beiyi Wu
- Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Department of Anesthesiology, Laboratory of Mitochondria and Metabolism, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zehua Li
- Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Department of Anesthesiology, Laboratory of Mitochondria and Metabolism, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ru Wang
- Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xuewen Xu
- Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Laboratory of Mitochondria and Metabolism, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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25
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Ma J, Wu Y, Cen L, Wang Z, Jiang K, Lian B, Sun C. Cold-inducible lncRNA266 promotes browning and the thermogenic program in white adipose tissue. EMBO Rep 2023; 24:e55467. [PMID: 37824433 PMCID: PMC10702832 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202255467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cold-induced nonshivering thermogenesis has contributed to the improvement of several metabolic syndromes caused by obesity. Several long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been shown to play a role in brown fat biogenesis and thermogenesis. Here we show that the lncRNA lnc266 is induced by cold exposure in inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT). In vitro functional studies reveal that lnc266 promotes brown adipocyte differentiation and thermogenic gene expression. At room temperature, lnc266 has no effects on white fat browning and systemic energy consumption. However, in a cold environment, lnc266 promotes white fat browning and thermogenic gene expression in obese mice. Moreover, lnc266 increases core body temperature and reduces body weight gain. Mechanistically, lnc266 does not directly regulate Ucp1 expression. Instead, lnc266 sponges miR-16-1-3p and thus abolishes the repression of miR-16-1-3p on Ucp1 expression. As a result, lnc266 promotes preadipocyte differentiation toward brown-like adipocytes and stimulates thermogenic gene expression. Overall, lnc266 is a cold-inducible lncRNA in iWAT, with a key role in white fat browning and the thermogenic program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyu Ma
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory of Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, School of MedicineNantong UniversityNantongChina
| | - Yuting Wu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory of Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, School of MedicineNantong UniversityNantongChina
| | - Lixue Cen
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory of Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, School of MedicineNantong UniversityNantongChina
| | - Zhe Wang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory of Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, School of MedicineNantong UniversityNantongChina
| | - Ketao Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory of Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, School of MedicineNantong UniversityNantongChina
| | - Bolin Lian
- School of Life SciencesNantong UniversityNantongChina
| | - Cheng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory of Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, School of MedicineNantong UniversityNantongChina
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26
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Shen M, Zhang M, Mao N, Lin Z. Batokine in Central Nervous System Diseases. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:7021-7031. [PMID: 37526894 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03490-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a special type of fat tissue in mammals and is also a key endocrine organ in the human body. Batokine, the endocrine effector of BAT, plays a neuroprotective role and improves the prognosis by exerting anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory effects, as well as by improving vascular endothelial function and other mechanisms in nerve injury diseases. The present article briefly reviewed several types of batokines related to central nervous system (CNS) diseases. Following this, the potential therapeutic value and future research direction of batokines for CNS diseases were chiefly discussed from the aspects of protective mechanism and signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Shen
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Perinatal Medicine of Wenzhou, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Pediatric Disease, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Perinatal Medicine of Wenzhou, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Pediatric Disease, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Niping Mao
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Perinatal Medicine of Wenzhou, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Pediatric Disease, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhenlang Lin
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Perinatal Medicine of Wenzhou, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Pediatric Disease, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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27
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Haley JA, Jang C, Guertin DA. A new era of understanding in vivo metabolic flux in thermogenic adipocytes. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2023; 83:102112. [PMID: 37703635 PMCID: PMC10840980 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2023.102112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Nonshivering thermogenesis by brown adipose tissue (BAT) is an adaptive mechanism for maintaining body temperature in cold environments. BAT is critical in rodents and human infants and has substantial influence on adult human metabolism. Stimulating BAT therapeutically is also being investigated as a strategy against metabolic diseases because of its ability to function as a catabolic sink. Thus, understanding how brown adipocytes and the related brite/beige adipocytes use nutrients to fuel their demanding metabolism has both basic and translational implications. Recent advances in mass spectrometry and isotope tracing are improving the ability to study metabolic flux in vivo. Here, we review how such strategies are advancing our understanding of adipocyte thermogenesis and conclude with key future questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Haley
- Program in Molecular Medicine, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Cholsoon Jang
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - David A Guertin
- Program in Molecular Medicine, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
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28
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Carpentier AC, Blondin DP. Human brown adipose tissue is not enough to combat cardiometabolic diseases. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e175288. [PMID: 38038130 PMCID: PMC10688973 DOI: 10.1172/jci175288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Denis P. Blondin
- Neurology, Department of Medicine, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
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Ortiz GU, de Freitas EC. Physical activity and batokines. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2023; 325:E610-E620. [PMID: 37819193 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00160.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Brown and beige adipose tissue share similar functionality, being both tissues specialized in producing heat through nonshivering thermogenesis and also playing endocrine roles through the release of their secretion factors called batokines. This review elucidates the influence of physical exercise, and myokines released in response, on the regulation of thermogenic and secretory functions of these adipose tissues and discusses the similarity of batokines actions with physical exercise in the remodeling of adipose tissue. This adipose tissue remodeling promoted by autocrine and paracrine batokines or physical exercise seems to optimize its functionality associated with better health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Ueta Ortiz
- Department of Health Sciences, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo-FMRP USP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ellen Cristini de Freitas
- Department of Health Sciences, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo-FMRP USP, São Paulo, Brazil
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Xie L, Wang H, Wu D, Zhang F, Chen W, Ye Y, Hu F. CXCL13 promotes thermogenesis in mice via recruitment of M2 macrophage and inhibition of inflammation in brown adipose tissue. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1253766. [PMID: 37936696 PMCID: PMC10627189 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1253766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is mainly responsible for mammalian non-shivering thermogenesis and promotes energy expenditure. Meanwhile, similar to white adipose tissue (WAT), BAT also secretes a variety of adipokines to regulate metabolism through paracrine, autocrine, or endocrine ways. The chemokine C-X-C motif chemokine ligand-13 (CXCL13), a canonical B cell chemokine, functions in inflammation and tumor-related diseases. However, the role of CXCL13 in the adipose tissues is unclear. Methods The expression of CXCL13 in BAT and subcutaneous white adipose tissue (SWAT) of mice under cold stimulation were detected. Local injection of CXCL13 into BAT of normal-diet and high-fat-diet induced obese mice was used to detect thermogenesis and determine cold tolerance. The brown adipocytes were treated with CXCL13 alone or in the presence of macrophages to determine the effects of CXCL13 on thermogenic and inflammation related genes expression in vitro. Results In this study, we discovered that the expression of CXCL13 in the stromal cells of brown adipose tissue significantly elevated under cold stimulation. Overexpression of CXCL13 in the BAT via local injection could increase energy expenditure and promote thermogenesis in obese mice. Mechanically, CXCL13 could promote thermogenesis via recruiting M2 macrophages in the BAT and, in the meantime, inhibiting pro-inflammatory factor TNFα level. Discussion This study revealed the novel role of adipose chemokine CXCL13 in the regulation of BAT activity and thermogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Fang Hu
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Xiong S, Yu S, Wang K, Xiong X, Xia M, Zeng G, Huang Q. Dietary Apigenin Relieves Body Weight and Glycolipid Metabolic Disturbance via Pro-Browning of White Adipose Mediated by Autophagy Inhibition. Mol Nutr Food Res 2023; 67:e2200763. [PMID: 37436078 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202200763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Apigenin (AP) has many pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammation, hyperlipidemia-lowering, and so on. Previous studies show that AP can reduce lipid accumulation in adipocytes in vitro. However, it remains unclear whether and how AP can promote fat-browning. Therefore, mouse obesity model and preadipocyte induction model in vitro are used to investigate the effects of AP on glycolipid metabolism, browning and autophagy as well as the possible mechanisms. METHODS AND RESULTS The obese mice are intragastrically administrated with AP (0.1 mg g-1 d-1 ) for 4 weeks; meanwhile, the differentiating preadipocytes are respectively treated with the indicated concentrations of AP for 48 h. Metabolic phenotype, lipid accumulation, and fat-browning are respectively evaluated by morphological, functional, and specific markers analysis. The results show that AP treatment alleviates the body weight, glycolipid metabolic disorder, and insulin resistance in the obese mice , which is contributed to the pro-browning effects of AP in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, the study finds that the pro-browning effect of AP is accomplished through autophagy inhibition mediated by the activation of PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway. CONCLUSIONS The findings highlight that autophagy inhibition promotes the browning of white adipocytes and suggest that AP would prevent and treat obesity and the associated metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaofeng Xiong
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, P. R. China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, P. R. China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, P. R. China
| | - Shumin Yu
- Nanchang Joint Programme, Queen Mary University of London, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, P. R. China
- 302 Clinical Medical School, Peking University, Beijing, 100039, P. R. China
| | - Kun Wang
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, P. R. China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, P. R. China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, P. R. China
| | - Xiaowei Xiong
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, P. R. China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, P. R. China
| | - Min Xia
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, P. R. China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, P. R. China
| | - Guohua Zeng
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, P. R. China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, P. R. China
| | - Qiren Huang
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, P. R. China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, P. R. China
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Gu M, Cai H, Deng W, Tang Y, Du S, Wang P, Deng W, Wang H, Sun A, Kong S. Dingkun pill alleviates metabolic abnormalities in polycystic ovary syndrome through brown adipose tissue activation. J Ovarian Res 2023; 16:176. [PMID: 37633943 PMCID: PMC10463533 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-023-01215-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traditional Chinese medicine has been used for a long time to treat a variety of gynecological diseases. Among various traditional Chinese medicine, Dingkun Pill (DK) has been used for the treatment of female gynecological diseases. However, DK therapeutic effect on PCOS and the target tissue for its potential effect need to be explored. This study aims to explore the therapeutic effect of DK for PCOS in mice from three aspects: metabolism, endocrine and fertility, and determine whether the brown adipose tissue is the target organ to alleviate the PCOS phenotype. METHODS PCOS mouse model was constructed by subcutaneous injection of DHEA. The estrous cycle, ovulation, and pregnancy outcome was examined in mice. The level of hormone including the LH, FSH, estrogen and testosterone in the serum were measured by ELISA. Both the glucose sensitivity and insulin sensitivity were determined in mice with different treatment. The histomorphology and lipid contents in the brown adipose tissue were analyzed. RNA-Seq was conducted for the brown adipose tissue and different expression of critical metabolism marker genes was confirmed by real-time PCR. RESULTS The data showed that the fertility in PCOS mice with DK treatment was significantly increased, and the metabolic disorder was partially restored. Both the whiten of brown adipose tissue and reduced UCP1 expression induced by DHEA was rescued by the DK. The RNA-Seq data further demonstrated both the DHEA induced downregulation of lipolysis genes and oxidative phosphorylation genes were at least partially rescued by DK in the brown adipose tissue. CONCLUSIONS DK has therapeutic effect on PCOS in DHEA treated mice and the brown adipose tissue is at least one critical target organ to alleviate the PCOS. This is achieved by not only regulating the lipid mobilization of brown adipose, but also restoring its thermogenic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqing Gu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, 361102, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Han Cai
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, 361102, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Weinan Deng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yedong Tang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, 361102, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Shuailin Du
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, 361102, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Peiran Wang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, 361102, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Wenbo Deng
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, 361102, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Haibin Wang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, 361102, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Aijun Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100730, Beijing, China.
| | - Shuangbo Kong
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, 361102, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
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Bagon BB, Lee J, Matienzo ME, Lee SJ, Pak SW, Kim K, Lee J, Lee CM, Shin IS, Moon C, Park MJ, Kim DI. Cold-induced adaptive thermogenesis is impaired by exposure of Asian sand dust in mice. J Therm Biol 2023; 116:103675. [PMID: 37517326 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2023.103675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Desertification and desert sandstorms caused by the worsening global warming pose increasing risks to human health. In particular, Asian sand dust (ASD) exposure has been related to an increase in mortality and hospital admissions for respiratory diseases. In this study, we investigated the effects of ASD on metabolic tissues in comparison to diesel particulate matter (DPM) that is known to cause adverse health effects. We found that larger lipid droplets were accumulated in the brown adipose tissues (BAT) of ASD-administered but not DPM-administered mice. Thermogenic gene expression was decreased in these mice as well. When ASD-administered mice were exposed to the cold, they failed to maintain their body temperature, suggesting that the ASD administration had led to impairments in cold-induced adaptive thermogenesis. However, impaired thermogenesis was not observed in DPM-administered mice. Furthermore, mice fed a high-fat diet that were chronically administered ASD demonstrated unexplained weight loss, indicating that chronic administration of ASD could be lethal in obese mice. We further identified that ASD-induced lung inflammation was not exacerbated in uncoupling protein 1 knockout mice, whose thermogenic capacity is impaired. Collectively, ASD exposure can impair cold-induced adaptive thermogenic responses in mice and increase the risk of mortality in obese mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadette B Bagon
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
| | - Junhyeong Lee
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea; College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
| | - Merc Emil Matienzo
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea; College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
| | - Se-Jin Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea; Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
| | - So-Won Pak
- College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea; Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
| | - Keon Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea; Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
| | - Jeongmin Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea; Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Animal Behavior, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
| | - Chang-Min Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea; Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
| | - In-Sik Shin
- College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea; Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
| | - Changjong Moon
- College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea; Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Animal Behavior, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
| | - Min-Jung Park
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea.
| | - Dong-Il Kim
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea; College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea.
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Lin W, Song H, Shen J, Wang J, Yang Y, Yang Y, Cao J, Xue L, Zhao F, Xiao T, Lin R. Functional role of skeletal muscle-derived interleukin-6 and its effects on lipid metabolism. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1110926. [PMID: 37555019 PMCID: PMC10405179 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1110926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The detrimental impact of obesity on human health is increasingly evident with the rise in obesity-related diseases. Skeletal muscle, the crucial organ responsible for energy balance metabolism, plays a significant role as a secretory organ by releasing various myokines. Among these myokines, interleukin 6 (IL-6) is closely associated with skeletal muscle contraction. IL-6 triggers the process of lipolysis by mobilizing energy-storing adipose tissue, thereby providing energy for physical exercise. This phenomenon also elucidates the health benefits of regular exercise. However, skeletal muscle and adipose tissue maintain a constant interaction, both directly and indirectly. Direct interaction occurs through the accumulation of excess fat within skeletal muscle, known as ectopic fat deposition. Indirect interaction takes place when adipose tissue is mobilized to supply the energy for skeletal muscle during exercise. Consequently, maintaining a functional balance between skeletal muscle and adipose tissue becomes paramount in regulating energy metabolism and promoting overall health. IL-6, as a representative cytokine, participates in various inflammatory responses, including non-classical inflammatory responses such as adipogenesis. Skeletal muscle influences adipogenesis through paracrine mechanisms, primarily by secreting IL-6. In this research paper, we aim to review the role of skeletal muscle-derived IL-6 in lipid metabolism and other physiological activities, such as insulin resistance and glucose tolerance. By doing so, we provide valuable insights into the regulatory function of skeletal muscle-derived myokines in lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weimin Lin
- *Correspondence: Weimin Lin, ; Ruiyi Lin,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ruiyi Lin
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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Park G, Haley JA, Le J, Jung SM, Fitzgibbons TP, Korobkina ED, Li H, Fluharty SM, Chen Q, Spinelli JB, Trivedi CM, Jang C, Guertin DA. Quantitative analysis of metabolic fluxes in brown fat and skeletal muscle during thermogenesis. Nat Metab 2023; 5:1204-1220. [PMID: 37337122 PMCID: PMC10696589 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-023-00825-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Adaptive thermogenesis by brown adipose tissue (BAT) dissipates calories as heat, making it an attractive anti-obesity target. Yet how BAT contributes to circulating metabolite exchange remains unclear. Here, we quantified metabolite exchange in BAT and skeletal muscle by arteriovenous metabolomics during cold exposure in fed male mice. This identified unexpected metabolites consumed, released and shared between organs. Quantitative analysis of tissue fluxes showed that glucose and lactate provide ~85% of carbon for adaptive thermogenesis and that cold and CL316,243 trigger markedly divergent fuel utilization profiles. In cold adaptation, BAT also dramatically increases nitrogen uptake by net consuming amino acids, except glutamine. Isotope tracing and functional studies suggest glutamine catabolism concurrent with synthesis via glutamine synthetase, which avoids ammonia buildup and boosts fuel oxidation. These data underscore the ability of BAT to function as a glucose and amino acid sink and provide a quantitative and comprehensive landscape of BAT fuel utilization to guide translational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Park
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - John A Haley
- Program in Molecular Medicine, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Johnny Le
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Su Myung Jung
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Timothy P Fitzgibbons
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | | | - Huawei Li
- Program in Molecular Medicine, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Shelagh M Fluharty
- Program in Molecular Medicine, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Qingbo Chen
- Program in Molecular Medicine, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Jessica B Spinelli
- Program in Molecular Medicine, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Chinmay M Trivedi
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
- Li-Weibo Institute for Rare Diseases Research, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Cholsoon Jang
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
| | - David A Guertin
- Program in Molecular Medicine, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
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Khakisahneh S, Zhang XY, Han SY, Song EJ, Nam YD, Kim H. Yijung-tang improves thermogenesis and reduces inflammation associated with gut microbiota in hypothyroid rats. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2023; 9:32. [PMID: 37270649 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-023-00396-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, considerable attention is focused on exploring the potential relationship between herbal medicine (HM) and the gut microbiome in terms of thermoregulation, which is an important aspect of human health, in modern system biology. However, our knowledge of the mechanisms of HM in thermoregulation is inadequate. Here, we demonstrate that the canonical herbal formula, Yijung-tang (YJT), protects against hypothermia, hyperinflammation, and intestinal microbiota dysbiosis in PTU-induced hypothyroid rats. Notably, these properties were associated with alterations in the gut microbiota and signaling crosstalk between the thermoregulatory and inflammatory mediators in the small intestine and brown adipose tissue (BAT). In contrast to the conventional drug L-thyroxine for curing hypothyroidism, YJT has an efficacy for attenuating systematic inflammatory responses, related with depression in intestinal TLR4 and Nod2/Pglyrp1 signaling pathways. Our findings suggest that YJT could promote BAT thermogenesis and prevent systemic inflammation in PTU-induced hypothyroid rats, which was associated with its prebiotic effect on modulating of the gut microbiota and gene expression with relevance in the enteroendocrine function and innate immune systems. These findings may strengthen the rationale of the microbiota-gut-BAT axis for a paradigm shift to enable holobiont-centric medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Khakisahneh
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, 814 Siksa-dong, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Xue-Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Song-Yi Han
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, 814 Siksa-dong, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ji Song
- Research Group of Gut Microbiome, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, 245, Republic of Korea
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Wanju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Do Nam
- Research Group of Gut Microbiome, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, 245, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Wanju, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hojun Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, 814 Siksa-dong, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, 10326, Republic of Korea.
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37
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Blondin DP. Human thermogenic adipose tissue. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2023; 80:102054. [PMID: 37269791 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2023.102054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Human thermogenic adipose tissue has long been touted as a promising therapeutic target for obesity and its associated metabolic diseases. Here, we provide a brief overview of the current knowledge of in vivo human thermogenic adipose tissue metabolism. We explore the evidence provided by retrospective and prospective studies describing the association of brown adipose tissue (BAT) [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose accumulation and various cardiometabolic risk factors. Although these studies have been invaluable in generating hypothesis, it has also raised some questions about the reliability of this method as an indicator of BAT thermogenic capacity. We discuss the evidence in support of human BAT functioning as a local thermogenic organ and energy sink, as an endocrine organ, and as a biomarker of adipose tissue health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis P Blondin
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001, 12th Ave North, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H 5N4, Canada.
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Dolce A, Della Torre S. Sex, Nutrition, and NAFLD: Relevance of Environmental Pollution. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15102335. [PMID: 37242221 DOI: 10.3390/nu15102335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common form of chronic liver disease and represents an increasing public health issue given the limited treatment options and its association with several other metabolic and inflammatory disorders. The epidemic, still growing prevalence of NAFLD worldwide cannot be merely explained by changes in diet and lifestyle that occurred in the last few decades, nor from their association with genetic and epigenetic risk factors. It is conceivable that environmental pollutants, which act as endocrine and metabolic disruptors, may contribute to the spreading of this pathology due to their ability to enter the food chain and be ingested through contaminated food and water. Given the strict interplay between nutrients and the regulation of hepatic metabolism and reproductive functions in females, pollutant-induced metabolic dysfunctions may be of particular relevance for the female liver, dampening sex differences in NAFLD prevalence. Dietary intake of environmental pollutants can be particularly detrimental during gestation, when endocrine-disrupting chemicals may interfere with the programming of liver metabolism, accounting for the developmental origin of NAFLD in offspring. This review summarizes cause-effect evidence between environmental pollutants and increased incidence of NAFLD and emphasizes the need for further studies in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Dolce
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Della Torre
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
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Schirinzi V, Poli C, Berteotti C, Leone A. Browning of Adipocytes: A Potential Therapeutic Approach to Obesity. Nutrients 2023; 15:2229. [PMID: 37432449 DOI: 10.3390/nu15092229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity suggests that current strategies based on diet, exercise, and pharmacological knowledge are not sufficient to tackle this epidemic. Obesity results from a high caloric intake and energy storage, the latter by white adipose tissue (WAT), and when neither are counterbalanced by an equally high energy expenditure. As a matter of fact, current research is focused on developing new strategies to increase energy expenditure. Against this background, brown adipose tissue (BAT), whose importance has recently been re-evaluated via the use of modern positron emission techniques (PET), is receiving a great deal of attention from research institutions worldwide, as its main function is to dissipate energy in the form of heat via a process called thermogenesis. A substantial reduction in BAT occurs during normal growth in humans and hence it is not easily exploitable. In recent years, scientific research has made great strides and investigated strategies that focus on expanding BAT and activating the existing BAT. The present review summarizes current knowledge about the various molecules that can be used to promote white-to-brown adipose tissue conversion and energy expenditure in order to assess the potential role of thermogenic nutraceuticals. This includes tools that could represent, in the future, a valid weapon against the obesity epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittoria Schirinzi
- Endocrinology and Care of Diabetes Unit-Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria S. Orsola Malpighi, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Carolina Poli
- IRCCS-Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria S. Orsola Malpighi, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Chiara Berteotti
- PRISM Lab, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandro Leone
- International Center for the Assessment of Nutritional Status and the Development of Dietary Intervention Strategies (ICANS-DIS), Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
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Tsakiridis EE, Morrow MR, Desjardins EM, Wang D, Llanos A, Wang B, Wade MG, Morrison KM, Holloway AC, Steinberg GR. Effects of the pesticide deltamethrin on high fat diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance in male mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 176:113763. [PMID: 37030334 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2023]
Abstract
Worldwide, rates of metabolic diseases are rapidly increasing and environmental exposure to pesticides, pollutants and/or other chemicals may play a role. Reductions in Brown Adipose Tissue (BAT) thermogenesis, mediated in part by uncoupling protein 1 (Ucp1), are associated with metabolic diseases. In the current study, we investigated whether the pesticide deltamethrin (0.01-1 mg/kg bw/day) incorporated into a high-fat diet and fed to mice housed at either room temperature (21 °C) or thermoneutrality (29 °C) would suppress BAT activity and accelerate the development of metabolic disease. Importantly, thermoneutrality allows for more accurate modeling of human metabolic disease. We found that, 0.01mg/kg bw/day of deltamethrin induced weight loss, improved insulin sensitivity and increased energy expenditure, effects that were associated with increases in physical activity. In contrast, exposure to 0.1 and 1 mg/kg bw/day deltamethrin had no effect on any of the parameters examined. Deltamethrin treatment in mice did not alter molecular markers of BAT thermogenesis, despite observing suppression of UCP1 expression in cultured brown adipocytes. These data indicate that while deltamethrin inhibits UCP1 expression in vitro, 16wks exposure does not alter BAT thermogenesis markers nor exacerbates the development of obesity and insulin resistance in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia E Tsakiridis
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Marisa R Morrow
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Eric M Desjardins
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Dongdong Wang
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Andrea Llanos
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Bo Wang
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Michael G Wade
- Environmental Health Science & Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Katherine M Morrison
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Alison C Holloway
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Gregory R Steinberg
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
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Świątkiewicz I, Wróblewski M, Nuszkiewicz J, Sutkowy P, Wróblewska J, Woźniak A. The Role of Oxidative Stress Enhanced by Adiposity in Cardiometabolic Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076382. [PMID: 37047352 PMCID: PMC10094567 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs), including cardiovascular disease (CVD), metabolic syndrome (MetS), and type 2 diabetes (T2D), are associated with increased morbidity and mortality. The growing prevalence of CVD is mostly attributed to the aging population and common occurrence of risk factors, such as high systolic blood pressure, elevated plasma glucose, and increased body mass index, which led to a global epidemic of obesity, MetS, and T2D. Oxidant–antioxidant balance disorders largely contribute to the pathogenesis and outcomes of CMDs, such as systemic essential hypertension, coronary artery disease, stroke, and MetS. Enhanced and disturbed generation of reactive oxygen species in excess adipose tissue during obesity may lead to increased oxidative stress. Understanding the interplay between adiposity, oxidative stress, and cardiometabolic risks can have translational impacts, leading to the identification of novel effective strategies for reducing the CMDs burden. The present review article is based on extant results from basic and clinical studies and specifically addresses the various aspects associated with oxidant–antioxidant balance disorders in the course of CMDs in subjects with excess adipose tissue accumulation. We aim at giving a comprehensive overview of existing knowledge, knowledge gaps, and future perspectives for further basic and clinical research. We provide insights into both the mechanisms and clinical implications of effects related to the interplay between adiposity and oxidative stress for treating and preventing CMDs. Future basic research and clinical trials are needed to further examine the mechanisms of adiposity-enhanced oxidative stress in CMDs and the efficacy of antioxidant therapies for reducing risk and improving outcome of patients with CMDs.
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Tsuji T, Zhang Y, Tseng YH. Generation of Brown Fat-Specific Knockout Mice Using a Combined Cre-LoxP, CRISPR-Cas9, and Adeno-Associated Virus Single-Guide RNA System. J Vis Exp 2023:10.3791/65083. [PMID: 37036212 PMCID: PMC10403816 DOI: 10.3791/65083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is an adipose depot specialized in energy dissipation that can also serve as an endocrine organ via the secretion of bioactive molecules. The creation of BAT-specific knockout mice is one of the most popular approaches for understanding the contribution of a gene of interest to BAT-mediated energy regulation. The conventional gene targeting strategy utilizing the Cre-LoxP system has been the principal approach to generate tissue-specific knockout mice. However, this approach is time-consuming and tedious. Here, we describe a protocol for the rapid and efficient knockout of a gene of interest in BAT using a combined Cre-LoxP, CRISPR-Cas9, and adeno-associated virus (AAV) single-guide RNA (sgRNA) system. The interscapular BAT is located in the deep layer between the muscles. Thus, the BAT must be exposed in order to inject the AAV precisely and directly into the BAT within the visual field. Appropriate surgical handling is crucial to prevent damage to the sympathetic nerves and vessels, such as the Sultzer's vein that connects to the BAT. To minimize tissue damage, there is a critical need to understand the three-dimensional anatomical location of the BAT and the surgical skills required in the technical steps. This protocol highlights the key technical procedures, including the design of sgRNAs targeting the gene of interest, the preparation of AAV-sgRNA particles, and the surgery for the direct microinjection of AAV into both BAT lobes for generating BAT-specific knockout mice, which can be broadly applied to study the biological functions of genes in BAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadataka Tsuji
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School
| | - Yang Zhang
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School
| | - Yu-Hua Tseng
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School;
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Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) displays the unique capacity to generate heat through uncoupled oxidative phosphorylation that makes it a very attractive therapeutic target for cardiometabolic diseases. Here, we review BAT cellular metabolism, its regulation by the central nervous and endocrine systems and circulating metabolites, the plausible roles of this tissue in human thermoregulation, energy balance, and cardiometabolic disorders, and the current knowledge on its pharmacological stimulation in humans. The current definition and measurement of BAT in human studies relies almost exclusively on BAT glucose uptake from positron emission tomography with 18F-fluorodeoxiglucose, which can be dissociated from BAT thermogenic activity, as for example in insulin-resistant states. The most important energy substrate for BAT thermogenesis is its intracellular fatty acid content mobilized from sympathetic stimulation of intracellular triglyceride lipolysis. This lipolytic BAT response is intertwined with that of white adipose (WAT) and other metabolic tissues, and cannot be independently stimulated with the drugs tested thus far. BAT is an interesting and biologically plausible target that has yet to be fully and selectively activated to increase the body's thermogenic response and shift energy balance. The field of human BAT research is in need of methods able to directly, specifically, and reliably measure BAT thermogenic capacity while also tracking the related thermogenic responses in WAT and other tissues. Until this is achieved, uncertainty will remain about the role played by this fascinating tissue in human cardiometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- André C Carpentier
- Correspondence: André C. Carpentier, MD, Division of Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, 3001, 12th Ave N, Sherbrooke, Quebec, J1H 5N4, Canada.
| | - Denis P Blondin
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, J1H 5N4, Canada
| | | | - Denis Richard
- Centre de recherche de l’Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, G1V 4G5, Canada
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Gaspar RS, Delafiori J, Zuccoli G, Carregari VC, Prado TP, Morari J, Sidarta-Oliveira D, Solon CS, Catharino RR, Araujo EP, Martins-de-Souza D, Velloso LA. Exogenous succinate impacts mouse brown adipose tissue mitochondrial proteome and potentiates body mass reduction induced by liraglutide. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2023; 324:E226-E240. [PMID: 36724126 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00231.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is one of the leading noncommunicable diseases in the world. Despite intense efforts to develop strategies to prevent and treat obesity, its prevalence continues to rise worldwide. A recent study has shown that the tricarboxylic acid intermediate succinate increases body energy expenditure by promoting brown adipose tissue thermogenesis through the activation of uncoupling protein-1; this has generated interest surrounding its potential usefulness as an approach to treat obesity. It is currently unknown how succinate impacts brown adipose tissue protein expression, and how exogenous succinate impacts body mass reduction promoted by a drug approved to treat human obesity, the glucagon-like-1 receptor agonist, liraglutide. In the first part of this study, we used bottom-up shotgun proteomics to determine the acute impact of exogenous succinate on the brown adipose tissue. We show that succinate rapidly affects the expression of 177 brown adipose tissue proteins, which are mostly associated with mitochondrial structure and function. In the second part of this study, we performed a short-term preclinical pharmacological intervention, treating diet-induced obese mice with a combination of exogenous succinate and liraglutide. We show that the combination was more efficient than liraglutide alone in promoting body mass reduction, food energy efficiency reduction, food intake reduction, and an increase in body temperature. Using serum metabolomics analysis, we showed that succinate, but not liraglutide, promoted a significant increase in the blood levels of several medium and long-chain fatty acids. In conclusion, exogenous succinate promotes rapid changes in brown adipose tissue mitochondrial proteins, and when used in association with liraglutide, increases body mass reduction.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Exogenous succinate induces major changes in brown adipose tissue protein expression affecting particularly mitochondrial respiration and structural proteins. When given exogenously in drinking water, succinate mitigates body mass gain in a rodent model of diet-induced obesity; in addition, when given in association with the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, liraglutide, succinate increases body mass reduction promoted by liraglutide alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo S Gaspar
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling-Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jeany Delafiori
- INNOVARE Biomarkers Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Giuliana Zuccoli
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | | | - Thais P Prado
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling-Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Joseane Morari
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling-Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Davi Sidarta-Oliveira
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling-Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Carina S Solon
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling-Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo R Catharino
- INNOVARE Biomarkers Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Eliana P Araujo
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling-Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Daniel Martins-de-Souza
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education, São Paulo, Brazil
- Experimental Medicine Research Cluster (EMRC), University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- National Institute of Biomarkers in Neuropsychiatry, National Council for Scientific and Technological Development, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Licio A Velloso
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling-Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Zhang Y, Huang Q, Xiong X, Yin T, Chen S, Yuan W, Zeng G, Huang Q. Acacetin alleviates energy metabolism disorder through promoting white fat browning mediated by AC-cAMP pathway. J Physiol Biochem 2023:10.1007/s13105-023-00947-3. [PMID: 36781604 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-023-00947-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Acacetin (ACA), a flavone isolated from Chinese traditional medical herbs, has numerous pharmacological activities. However, little is known about the roles in white fat browning and energy metabolism. In the present study, we investigated whether and how ACA would improve energy metabolism in vivo and in vitro. ACA (20 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally injected to the mice with obesity induced by HFD for 14 consecutive days (in vivo); differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes were treated with ACA (20 µmol/L and 40 µmol/L) for 24 h (in vitro). The metabolic profile, lipid accumulation, fat-browning and mitochondrial contents, and so on were respectively detected. The results in vivo showed that ACA significantly reduced the body weight and visceral adipose tissue weight, alleviated the energy metabolism disorder, and enhanced the browning-related protein expressions in adipose tissue of rats. Besides, the data in vitro revealed that ACA significantly reduced the lipid accumulation, induced the expressions of the browning-related proteins and cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA), and increased the mitochondrium contents, especially enhanced the energy metabolism of adipocytes; however, treatment with beta-adrenergic receptor blocker (propranolol, Pro) or adenyl cyclase (AC) inhibitor (SQ22536, SQ) abrogated the ACA-mediated effects. The data demonstrate that ACA alleviates the energy metabolism disorder through the pro-browning effects mediated by the AC-cAMP pathway. The findings would provide the experimental foundation for ACA to prevent and treat obesity and related metabolism disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Zhang
- Key Provincial Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University, 461 Ba-Yi Street, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianqian Huang
- Key Provincial Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University, 461 Ba-Yi Street, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaowei Xiong
- Key Provincial Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University, 461 Ba-Yi Street, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Yin
- Key Provincial Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University, 461 Ba-Yi Street, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng Chen
- Key Provincial Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University, 461 Ba-Yi Street, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanwan Yuan
- Key Provincial Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University, 461 Ba-Yi Street, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Guohua Zeng
- Key Provincial Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University, 461 Ba-Yi Street, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiren Huang
- Key Provincial Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University, 461 Ba-Yi Street, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China.
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46
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Zhang S, Jiang Y, Wang X, Zhang H, Gu P, Gong Z, Jiang W, Zhang Y, Zhu Y. The effect of Xuezhikang capsule on gene expression profile in brown adipose tissue of obese spontaneously hypertensive rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 302:115700. [PMID: 36126782 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Obesity is a critical threat to global health, and brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a potential target for the treatment of obesity and comorbidities. Xuezhikang Capsule (XZK), an extract of red yeast rice, has remarkable clinical efficacy and is widely used for the treatment of hyperlipidemia and coronary heart disease. However, its modulatory effect on BAT remains unknown. AIM OF THIS STUDY The aim of this study was to investigate the protective mechanism of XZK in the obese spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) model by evaluating the regulatory effect of XZK on the BAT gene profile through transcriptome sequencing. MATERIALS AND METHODS The SHRs were randomly divided into four groups: the standard chow diet (STD) group, the STD supplemented with 126 mg/kg of XZK group, the high-fat diet (HFD) group, and the HFD supplemented with 126 mg/kg of XZK group. All SHRs were fed for 18 weeks. The metabolic phenotypes, including body weight, fat mass, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), and serum glucose and lipid levels, was evaluated, and hematoxylin and eosin staining (H&E) staining was performed to evaluate the adipose tissue histopathological phenotype. Transcriptome sequencing was performed to determine the mechanism by which XZK improves the metabolic phenotype and the expression of key differential expression genes was verified by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). RESULTS XZK inhibited HFD-induced weight gain and adipose tissue remodeling in SHRs and prevented hypertrophy of epididymal adipocytes and maintained the brown fat phenotype. XZK intervention also improved glucose and lipid metabolism in SHRs, as suggested by a reduction in serum triglyceride (TG), low-density cholesterol (LDL-C), and fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels as well as increasing in serum high-density cholesterol (HDL-C) levels. Transcriptome sequencing analysis confirmed the regulatory effect of XZK on the gene expression profile of BAT, and the expression patterns of 45 genes were reversed by the XZK intervention. Additionally, the results of the transcriptome analysis of 10 genes that are important for brown fat function were in line with the results of qRT-PCR. CONCLUSIONS XZK protected SHRs from HFD-induced obesity, inhibited fat accumulation and improved glucolipid metabolism. Additionally, the protective effect of XZK on the overall metabolism of obese SHRs might partly be related to its regulatory effect on the BAT gene expression profile. These findings might provide novel therapeutic strategies for obesity-related metabolic diseases in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujie Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210004, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yuning Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210004, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xiuming Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210004, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Han Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210004, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Ping Gu
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Zhijun Gong
- Departmentt of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210017, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Weimin Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210004, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Yajie Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210022, Jiangsu, PR China; Department of Biobank of Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210022, Jiang, PR China.
| | - Yao Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210004, Jiangsu, PR China.
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Lac M, Tavernier G, Moro C. Does housing temperature influence glucose regulation and muscle-fat crosstalk in mice? Biochimie 2023:S0300-9084(23)00028-7. [PMID: 36758717 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2023.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
The robustness of scientific results is partly based on their reproducibility. Working with animal models, particularly in the field of metabolism, requires to avoid any source of stress to rule out a maximum of bias. Housing at room temperature is sufficient to induce thermal stress activating key thermogenic organs such as brown adipose tissue (BAT) and skeletal muscle. BAT covers most of the non-shivering thermogenesis in mice and burns a variety of fuels such as glucose and lipids. A high prevalence of BAT is associated with a strong protection against type 2 diabetes risk in humans, implying that BAT plays a key role in glucose homeostasis. However, thermal stress is poorly and inconsistently considered in experimental research. This thermal stress can significantly impede interpretation of phenotypes by favoring compensatory signaling pathways. Indeed, various studies revealed that thermoneutrality is essential to study metabolism in mice in order to reach a suitable level of "humanization". In this review, we briefly discuss if and how ambient temperature influence blood glucose homeostasis through BAT and muscle-fat crosstalk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlène Lac
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Team MetaDiab, INSERM, Paul Sabatier University, UMR1297, Toulouse, France
| | - Geneviève Tavernier
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Team MetaDiab, INSERM, Paul Sabatier University, UMR1297, Toulouse, France
| | - Cedric Moro
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Team MetaDiab, INSERM, Paul Sabatier University, UMR1297, Toulouse, France.
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Liu J, Wang H, Zeng D, Xiong J, Luo J, Chen X, Chen T, Xi Q, Sun J, Ren X, Zhang Y. The novel importance of miR-143 in obesity regulation. Int J Obes (Lond) 2023; 47:100-108. [PMID: 36528726 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-022-01245-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and substantially increased risk of metabolic diseases have become a global epidemic. microRNAs have attracted a great deal of attention as a potential therapeutic target for obesity. MiR-143 has been known to specifically promote adipocyte differentiation by downregulating extracellular signal-regulated kinase 5. Our latest study found that miR-143 knockout is against diet-induced obesity by promoting brown adipose tissue thermogenesis and inhibiting white adipose tissue adipogenesis. Moreover, LPS- or IL-6-induced inhibition of miR-143 expression in brown adipocytes promotes thermogenesis by targeting adenylate cyclase 9. In this review, we will summarize the expression and functions of miR-143 in different tissues, the influence of obesity on miR-143 in various tissues, the important role of adipose-derived miR-143 in the development of obesity, the role of miR-143 in immune cells and thermoregulation and discuss the potential significance and application prospects of miR-143 in obesity management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Dewei Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jiali Xiong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Junyi Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xingping Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.,Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Qianyun Xi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jiajie Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xiaohui Ren
- Ocean College of Hebei Agricultural University, Qinhuangdao, 066003, China.
| | - Yongliang Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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Effects of Fatty Acid Metabolites on Adipocytes Britening: Role of Thromboxane A2. Cells 2023; 12:cells12030446. [PMID: 36766790 PMCID: PMC9913700 DOI: 10.3390/cells12030446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a complex disease highly related to diet and lifestyle and is associated with low amount of thermogenic adipocytes. Therapeutics that regulate brown adipocyte recruitment and activity represent interesting strategies to fight overweight and associated comorbidities. Recent studies suggest a role for several fatty acids and their metabolites, called lipokines, in the control of thermogenesis. The purpose of this work was to analyze the role of several lipokines in the control of brown/brite adipocyte formation. We used a validated human adipocyte model, human multipotent adipose-derived stem cell model (hMADS). In the absence of rosiglitazone, hMADS cells differentiate into white adipocytes, but convert into brite adipocytes upon rosiglitazone or prostacyclin 2 (PGI2) treatment. Gene expression was quantified using RT-qPCR and protein levels were assessed by Western blotting. We show here that lipokines such as 12,13-diHOME, 12-HEPE, 15dPGJ2 and 15dPGJ3 were not able to induce browning of white hMADS adipocytes. However, both fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFAs), 9-PAHPA and 9-PAHSA potentiated brown key marker UCP1 mRNA levels. Interestingly, CTA2, the stable analog of thromboxane A2 (TXA2), but not its inactive metabolite TXB2, inhibited the rosiglitazone and PGI2-induced browning of hMADS adipocytes. These results pinpoint TXA2 as a lipokine inhibiting brown adipocyte formation that is antagonized by PGI2. Our data open new horizons in the development of potential therapies based on the control of thromboxane A2/prostacyclin balance to combat obesity and associated metabolic disorders.
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Fatty Acids as Potent Modulators of Autophagy Activity in White Adipose Tissue. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13020255. [PMID: 36830623 PMCID: PMC9953325 DOI: 10.3390/biom13020255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
A high-fat diet is one of the causative factors of obesity. The dietary profile of fatty acids is also an important variable in developing obesity, as saturated fatty acids are more obesogenic than monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Overweight and obesity are inseparably connected with the excess of adipose tissue in the body, characterized by hypertrophy and hyperplasia of fat cells, which increases the risk of developing metabolic syndrome. Changes observed within hypertrophic adipocytes result in elevated oxidative stress, unfolded protein accumulation, and increased endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. One of the processes involved in preservation of cellular homeostasis is autophagy, which is defined as an intracellular lysosome-dependent degradation system that serves to recycle available macromolecules and eliminate damaged organelles. In obesity, activation of autophagy is increased and the process appears to be regulated by different types of dietary fatty acids. This review describes the role of autophagy in adipose tissue and summarizes the current understanding of the effects of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in autophagy modulation in adipocytes.
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