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Zimowska M, Rolbiecka M, Antoniak-Pietrynczak K, Jaskulak M, Zorena K. Dynamics of Serum Inflammatory Markers and Adipokines in Patients: Implications for Monitoring Abnormal Body Weight: Preliminary Research. Metabolites 2024; 14:260. [PMID: 38786737 PMCID: PMC11122760 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14050260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the influence of abnormal body weight on inflammatory markers and adipokine levels across varied body mass index (BMI) categories. The cohort included 46 participants categorized into normal BMI (group I; n = 19), overweight (group II; n = 14), and obesity (group III; n = 13). Inflammatory markers (hsCRP and IL-6) and adipokines (Adiponectin, Leptin, Nesfatin-1, and Zinc-α2-glycoprotein) were assessed to discern effective indicators of inflammation in individuals with abnormal body weight. Additionally, the full lipid profile was also assessed (total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-C, HDL-C). The results indicated significant biochemical changes, particularly in IL-6 and Leptin levels, in participants with a BMI over 25. The levels of ZAG protein were negatively correlated with the HDL-C and LDC-L levels with statistical significance (Pearson: -0.57, p = 0.001, and Pearson: -0.41, p = 0.029, for HDL-C and LDL-C, respectively), suggesting that the level of ZAG is also inversely proportional to the amount of cholesterol. Statistical analyses revealed decreased Zinc-α2-glycoprotein (ZAG) levels and increased Adiponectin, Leptin, and IL-6 levels in individuals with abnormal body weight. Correlation analyses demonstrated a statistically significant upward trend for IL-6 (p = 0.0008) and Leptin (p = 0.00001), with a similar trend observed for hsCRP without statistical significance (p = 0.113). IL-6 levels in the overweight group were 158.71% higher than in the normal-weight group, while the obese group exhibited a 229.55% increase compared to the normal-weight group. No notable changes have been recorded for the levels of Nesfatin-1. Based on our results, we propose IL-6, Leptin, and ZAG as potential biomarkers for monitoring interventions and assessing patient conditions in those with abnormal BMIs. Further research with a larger patient cohort is warranted to validate these correlations in overweight and obese individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Marta Jaskulak
- Department of Immunobiology and Environment Microbiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 7, 80-211 Gdańnsk, Poland; (M.Z.); (M.R.); (K.A.-P.); (K.Z.)
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You A, Li Y, Shen C, Fan H, He J, Liu Z, Xue Q, Zhang Y, Zheng L. Associations of non-traditional cardiovascular risk factors and body mass index with metabolic syndrome in the Chinese elderly population. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2023; 15:129. [PMID: 37322514 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-023-01047-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome (MetS), a clustering of traditional cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF), is currently one of the major global public health burdens. However, associations between MetS and non-traditional CVRF represented by uric acid (UA), homocysteine (HCY) and hypersensitive C-reactive protein (HsCRP) have not been well explored in the elderly population, especially when considering body mass index (BMI). METHODS Participants from the Shanghai Elderly Cardiovascular Health (SHECH) study cohort in 2017 were analyzed. MetS was defined using the modified American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Scientific Statement. Logistic regression models were used to assess associations of non-traditional CVRF, BMI with MetS. RESULTS Of the 4360 participants analyzed, 2378 (54.5%) had MetS, the mean (SD) UA was 331 (86) µmol/L, and the median (IQR) HCY and HsCRP were 15 (13-18) µmol/L and 1.0 (0.5-2.1) mg/L, respectively. Participants with higher non-traditional CVRF tended to have a higher significant risk of MetS (P < 0.001), which did not changed substantially in most population subgroups (P-interaction > 0.05). BMI mediated 43.89% (95%CI: 30.38-57.40%), 37.34% (95% CI: 13.86-60.83%) and 30.99% (95%CI: 13.16-48.83%) of associations of hyperuricemia (HUA), hyperhomocysteinemia (HHCY) and high HsCRP (HHsCRP) with MetS, respectively. Abnormal non-traditional CVRF combined with overweight/obesity greatly increased MetS risk (adjusted OR(95%CI): HUA + Overweight: 5.860(4.059-8.461); 6.148(3.707-10.194); HHCY + Overweight: 3.989(3.107-5.121); HHCY + Obese: 5.746(4.064-8.123); HHsCRP + Overweight: 4.026(2.906-5.580); HHsCRP + Obese: 7.717(4.508-13.210)). CONCLUSIONS In the Chinese elderly population, HUA, HHCY, and HHsCRP were all significantly and independently associated with MetS, supporting the potential of focusing on non-traditional CVRF interventions for preventing and controlling MetS. BMI played moderate mediating roles in associations between non-traditional CVRF and MetS, and abnormal non-traditional CVRF combined with overweight/obesity had significant synergistic effects on MetS risk, highlighting the importance of better weight management in the elderly population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aijun You
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
- Changhai Clinical Research Unit, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yaxin Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Chaonan Shen
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Cardiovascular Chronic Diseases, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Huimin Fan
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Cardiovascular Chronic Diseases, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Jia He
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
- Department of Health Statistics, Faculty of Health Service, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- Changhai Clinical Research Unit, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Zhongmin Liu
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Cardiovascular Chronic Diseases, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Qian Xue
- Changhai Clinical Research Unit, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Yuzhen Zhang
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China.
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Cardiovascular Chronic Diseases, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China.
| | - Liang Zheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China.
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China.
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Cardiovascular Chronic Diseases, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China.
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Khalafi M, Symonds M. Impact of exercise training plus caloric restriction on cardiometabolic health in menopausal women who are overweight or obese: A meta-analysis. Sci Sports 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scispo.2022.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Bacha AA, Din ZU, Khan I. Effect of Psyllium husk fiber and lifestyle modification on human body insulin resistance. Nutr Metab Insights 2022; 15:11786388221107797. [PMID: 35769394 PMCID: PMC9234916 DOI: 10.1177/11786388221107797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance is a metabolic disorder that is increasing worldwide and is associated with some of the most common diseases affecting modern societies including diabetes, hypertension, obesity, and coronary heart disease. Changes in diet and physical activity have a profound effect on lowering the risk and cost of managing insulin resistance compared to the pharmacological approach. An interventional study of 16 weeks explored the effect of Psyllium husk fiber in combination with lifestyle modification on insulin resistance among the centrally obese school teachers of district Malakand Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. One Hundred twenty school teachers with central obesity, aged 40-60 years, with no chronic disease history were divided into four subgroups (n = 30) with equal gender bifurcation; a control group, lifestyle modification (LSM) group, psyllium husk fiber (PSH) group, and the combined intervention of LSM & PSH group. Fasting serum was collected to analyze fasting blood glucose, and insulin resistance by using the HOMA-IR method at baseline and post-intervention. A significant effect of the intervention was observed on fasting blood glucose. The combined group of LSM&PSH showed the highest mean change of -7.5 ± 2.6 mg/dl (-9%), followed by the PSH group with a mean change of -6.3 ± 2.1 mg/dl, (-7%). Likewise a significant effect (P < 0.05) on HOMA-IR was observed in the combined group of LSM&PSH with a mean of 1.02 ± 0.14 molar units (-58%), followed by the PSH group with a mean of 1.55 ± 0.14 molar units (-33%). The current study was carried out to assess the effect of regular consumption of Psyllium husk fiber in combination with lifestyle modification on insulin resistance and fasting blood glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amjad Ali Bacha
- Department of Human Nutrition, the University of Agriculture Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Zia Ud Din
- Department of Human Nutrition, the University of Agriculture Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Imran Khan
- Department of Human Nutrition, the University of Agriculture Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
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Abstract
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is characterized with a wide range of clinical presentations from asymptomatic to severe disease. In patients with severe disease, the main causes of mortality have been acute respiratory distress syndrome, cytokine storm and thrombotic events. Although all factors that may be associated with disease severity are not yet clear, older age remains a leading risk factor. While age-related immune changes may be at the bottom of severe course of COVID-19, age-related hormonal changes have considerable importance due to their interactions with these immune alterations, and also with endothelial dysfunction and comorbid cardiometabolic disorders. This review aims to provide the current scientific evidence on the pathogenetic mechanisms underlying the pathway to severe COVID-19, from a collaborative perspective of age-related immune and hormonal changes together, in accordance with the clinical knowledge acquired thus far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seda Hanife Oguz
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Meltem Koca
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Bulent Okan Yildiz
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
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Córdoba-Rodríguez DP, Iglesia I, Gomez-Bruton A, Rodríguez G, Casajús JA, Morales-Devia H, Moreno LA. Fat-free/lean body mass in children with insulin resistance or metabolic syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Pediatr 2022; 22:58. [PMID: 35065638 PMCID: PMC8783460 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-021-03041-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lean / Fat Free Body Mass (LBM) is metabolically involved in active processes such as resting energy expenditure, glucose uptake, and myokine secretion. Nonetheless, its association with insulin sensitivity / resistance / glucose tolerance and metabolic syndrome remains unclear in childhood. METHODS The current investigation aimed to examine the differences in fat-free mass /lean body mass according to the presence of insulin sensitivity/insulin resistance/glucose tolerance/metabolic syndrome in children. A systematic search was carried out in Medline/PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and SciELO, covering the period from each database's respective start to 21 June 2021. Two researchers evaluated 7111 studies according to the inclusion criteria: original human studies, written in English or Spanish, evaluating fat-free mass/lean body mass in children and adolescents including both with and without insulin sensitivity/insulin resistance /glucose tolerance and metabolic syndrome and reported the differences between them in terms of fat free mass/lean body mass. The results of the studies were combined with insulin sensitivity, insulin, resistance, glucose tolerance and metabolic syndrome. The standardized mean difference (SMD) in each study was calculated and combined using the random-effects model. Heterogeneity between studies was tested using the index of heterogeneity (I2), leave-one-out sensitivity analyses were performed, and publication bias was assessed using the Egger and Begg tests. RESULTS Finally, 15 studies which compared groups defined according to different glucose homeostasis criteria or metabolic syndrome out of 103 eligible studies were included in this systematic review and 12 studies in the meta-analysis. Meta-analysis showed lower fat-free mass/lean body mass percentage in participants with insulin resistance/glucose tolerance/metabolic syndrome (SMD -0.47; 95% CI, - 0.62 to - 0.32) while in mass units (kg), higher values were found in the same group (SMD, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.43 to 1.60). CONCLUSIONS Our results identified lower values of fat-free mass/lean body mass (%) in children and adolescents with insulin resistance/glucose tolerance/metabolic syndrome and higher values of fat-free mass/lean body mass when these are expressed in kg. The evidence of the impact of lean mass on children's glucose homeostasis or metabolic syndrome is limited, so future studies research should focus on explaining the effect of fat-free mass/lean body mass on different metabolic outcomes. Moreover, it may be interesting to evaluate the quality (muscle density) or functional (muscle strength) outcomes in addition to both absolute (kg) and relative (%) values in future studies. The systematic review was prospectively registered at PROSPERO (registration number CRD42019124734; available at: http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero [accessed: 05 April 2019]).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Iris Iglesia
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
- Red de Salud Materno Infantil y del Desarrollo (SAMID), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Gomez-Bruton
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences (FCSD), Department of Physiatry and Nursing, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gerardo Rodríguez
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
- Red de Salud Materno Infantil y del Desarrollo (SAMID), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Pediatría, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - José Antonio Casajús
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences (FCSD), Department of Physiatry and Nursing, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Hernan Morales-Devia
- Biblioteca General Alfonso Borrero Cabal, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Luis A. Moreno
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Red de Salud Materno Infantil y del Desarrollo (SAMID), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Dai W, Choubey M, Patel S, Singer HA, Ozcan L. Adipocyte CAMK2 deficiency improves obesity-associated glucose intolerance. Mol Metab 2021; 53:101300. [PMID: 34303021 PMCID: PMC8365526 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obesity-related adipose tissue dysfunction has been linked to the development of insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Impaired calcium homeostasis is associated with altered adipose tissue metabolism; however, the molecular mechanisms that link disrupted calcium signaling to metabolic regulation are largely unknown. Here, we investigated the contribution of a calcium-sensing enzyme, calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CAMK2), to adipocyte function, obesity-associated insulin resistance, and glucose intolerance. METHODS To determine the impact of adipocyte CAMK2 deficiency on metabolic regulation, we generated a conditional knockout mouse model and acutely deleted CAMK2 in mature adipocytes. We further used in vitro differentiated adipocytes to dissect the mechanisms by which CAMK2 regulates adipocyte function. RESULTS CAMK2 activity was increased in obese adipose tissue, and depletion of adipocyte CAMK2 in adult mice improved glucose intolerance and insulin resistance without an effect on body weight. Mechanistically, we found that activation of CAMK2 disrupted adipocyte insulin signaling and lowered the amount of insulin receptor. Further, our results revealed that CAMK2 contributed to adipocyte lipolysis, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα)-induced inflammation, and insulin resistance. CONCLUSIONS These results identify a new link between adipocyte CAMK2 activity, metabolic regulation, and whole-body glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Dai
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Cardiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mayank Choubey
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sonal Patel
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Harold A Singer
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Lale Ozcan
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
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Ognjanović S, Antić J, Pekmezović T, Popović B, Isailović T, Antić IB, Bogavac T, Kovačević VE, Ilić D, Opalić M, Macut D. The association of glucocorticoid receptor polymorphism with metabolic outcomes in menopausal women with adrenal incidentalomas. Maturitas 2021; 151:15-21. [PMID: 34446274 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2021.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate whether BclI polymorphism in the glucocorticoid receptor gene influences hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis regulation, body composition and metabolic parameters in women with adrenal incidentalomas (AIs). STUDY DESIGN A cross-sectional study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES We analyzed 106 women with AIs. Insulin resistance was assessed using a homeostasis model while HPA activity was assessed using dexamethasone suppression tests (DST), basal ACTH, urinary free cortisol, and midnight serum cortisol level. Body composition was analyzed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. DNA was obtained from peripheral blood leucocytes and BclI polymorphism was detected using PCR, RFLP and DNA sequencing. RESULTS BclI carriers in comparison with those with wild-type BclI had less suppressed cortisol after DST-0.5 mg (126.4 ± 111.4 vs 80.9 ± 75.7 nmol/l, p = 0.026) and had a lower prevalence of impaired glucose tolerance and of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). BclI carriers had a higher percentage of leg fat mass (FM), lower left-sided limb muscle mass and a decline in total lean body mass. Duration of menopause remained a strong predictor of appendicular lean mass index (ALMI) (β=-0.125, p = 0.034). BclI polymorphism was significantly associated with sum of legs FM percentage (β=0.327, p = 0.048). T2DM was negatively associated with BclI polymorphism, after adjusting for age, truncal FM, ALMI, and sum of legs FM (OR=0.158, 95%CI 0.031-0.806, p = 0.027). CONCLUSIONS BclI polymorphism is associated with tissue-specific glucocorticoid sensitivity, relative glucocorticoid resistance of the HPA axis and peripheral adipose tissue, and glucocorticoid hypersensitivity at the muscle level. By modulating glucocorticoid and insulin sensitivity, BclI polymorphism appears to reduce the risk of T2DM in women with AIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanja Ognjanović
- Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jadranka Antić
- Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tatjana Pekmezović
- Institute of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Bojana Popović
- Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tatjana Isailović
- Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana Božić Antić
- Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tamara Bogavac
- Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Dušan Ilić
- Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milica Opalić
- Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Djuro Macut
- Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
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Kim HK, Lee MJ, Kim EH, Bae SJ, Kim KW, Kim CH. Comparison of muscle mass and quality between metabolically healthy and unhealthy phenotypes. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2021; 29:1375-1386. [PMID: 34235892 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine whether higher skeletal muscle mass is associated with a metabolically healthy phenotype and whether muscle quality affects metabolic health. METHODS This cross-sectional analysis included 20,659 participants (7,966 women) who underwent abdominal computed tomography scans during health checkups. The total abdominal muscle area (TAMA) on the third lumbar vertebral level was demarcated. Intermuscular adipose tissue and skeletal muscle area were measured. The skeletal muscle area was divided into normal attenuation muscle area (NAMA) and low attenuation muscle area (LAMA). The NAMA/TAMA index was calculated. The metabolically unhealthy phenotype was defined as having two or more components of metabolic syndrome or the presence of hypertension or diabetes. RESULTS TAMA and skeletal muscle area were not significantly different or even lower in metabolically healthy phenotypes compared with metabolically unhealthy phenotypes. However, metabolically healthy phenotypes had significantly higher NAMA (except in women with obesity) and NAMA/TAMA index than in the metabolically unhealthy phenotypes. In people without obesity, lower NAMA/TAMA index was independently associated with higher risk of the metabolically unhealthy phenotype in the fully adjusted model. CONCLUSIONS The metabolically healthy phenotypes had more good-quality muscles than did the metabolically unhealthy phenotypes. These results suggest that not only muscle mass but also muscle quality (i.e., degree of myosteatosis) are associated with metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Kyu Kim
- Subdivision of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Health Screening and Promotion Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jung Lee
- Subdivision of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Health Screening and Promotion Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Hee Kim
- Subdivision of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Health Screening and Promotion Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Jin Bae
- Subdivision of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Health Screening and Promotion Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Won Kim
- Department of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Hee Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon, Korea
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Nagai M. Relationships among Lifestyle Awareness, Age, and Lifestyle-related Diseases in Healthy Japanese Community Residents. Asian Pac Isl Nurs J 2020; 5:103-110. [PMID: 33043138 PMCID: PMC7544015 DOI: 10.31372/20200502.1092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: It is widely known that the risk of lifestyle-related diseases can be reduced by reviewing lifestyles, and a variety of efforts for their prevention, such as health education, are being implemented. This study examined community residents' lifestyle awareness, examining their views on their health and lifestyles, age, and lifestyle-related diseases. Methods: Study subjects were 180 healthy people (28 men and 152 women) who participated in a health checkup. Participants answered a questionnaire about their awareness of health and lifestyle and their views of disorders. Subsequent measurements of speed of sound (SOS), acceleration plethysmography (APG), and visceral fat area (VFA) were also obtained. Results: The results of the study suggest that age was correlated with some health-related attitudes and behaviors. When health awareness among members of a group is high, it is necessary to provide them with the required information and continuing intervention to motivate them to continue their health improvement. Conclusion: It seems that health awareness influences lifestyle, and its improvement slows the progress of lifestyle-related diseases and reduces the effects of aging.
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Effect of Post-Stroke Rehabilitation on Body Mass Composition in Relation to Socio-Demographic and Clinical Factors. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17145134. [PMID: 32708623 PMCID: PMC7400096 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17145134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background and objectives: Stroke is one of the leading causes of morbidity, mortality and long-term adult disability. The aim of this study was to assess the changes in body mass composition in patients after stroke in connection with selected socio-demographic and clinical factors (sex, age, type of stroke and time from the first symptoms) following the rehabilitation process. Materials and Methods: The study group consisted of 100 post-stroke subjects who participated in a comprehensive rehabilitation program for a duration of five weeks. The measurements of body composition by a Tanita MC 780 MA analyser were performed on the day of admission to hospital, on the day of discharge (after 5 weeks) and 12 weeks after discharge from hospital. Results: It was shown that before rehabilitation (Exam I) in the study group there were significant differences in body composition relative to sex, age and time from stroke. The rates of fat mass % and visceral fat level decreased after rehabilitation (Exam II) in both males and females. Exam II, at the end hospital rehabilitation, showed lower levels of fat mass %, visceral fat level, as well as fat-free mass % and higher values of total body water % and muscle mass %. In Exam III, i.e., 12 weeks after discharge, all of the parameters retained their values. Conclusions: The study shows an association between stroke risk factors (primarily age, sex and time from the onset of the first symptoms of stroke) and body mass composition resulting from rehabilitation. The type of stroke and the effects of rehabilitation on body mass components showed no differences. Comprehensive rehabilitation had a positive effect on the body mass components.
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Ara I, Auerbach P, Larsen S, Mata E, Stallknecht B, Ploug T, Prats C, Helge JW. Low-Grade Inflammation Is Not Present in Former Obese Males but Adipose Tissue Macrophage Infiltration Persists. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8050123. [PMID: 32423179 PMCID: PMC7277299 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8050123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophage infiltration in two subcutaneous adipose tissue depots and systemic low-grade inflammation were studied in post-obese (PO), obese (O), and control (C) subjects. Young males were recruited into PO: (n = 10, weight-loss avg. 26%, BMI: 26.6 ± 0.7, mean ±SEM kg/m2), O: (n = 10, BMI: 33.8 ± 1.0kg/m2) and C: (n = 10, BMI: 26.6 ± 0.6 kg/m2). PO and C were matched by BMI. Blood and abdominal and gluteal subcutaneous adipose tissue were obtained in the overnight fasted state. Plasma concentrations of IL-6 and CRP were higher (p < 0.05) in O than in PO and C, TNF-α was higher (p < 0.05) only in O compared to PO and IL-18 was similar between groups. The number of CD68+ macrophages was higher (p < 0.05) in the gluteal than the abdominal depot, and higher (p < 0.05) in O and PO compared to C in both depots. The content of CD163+ macrophages was similar between depots but was higher (p < 0.05) in PO compared to C and O in the gluteal depot. In post obese men with a long-term sustained weight loss, systemic low-grade inflammation was similar to non-obese controls despite a higher subcutaneous adipose tissue CD68+ macrophage content. Interestingly, the anti-inflammatory CD163+ macrophage adipose tissue content was consistently higher in post obese than obese and controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Ara
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development—GENUD Toledo Research Group, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain; (I.A.); (E.M.)
- Biomedical Research Networking Center on Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200N Copenhagen, Denmark; (S.L.); (C.P.)
| | - Pernille Auerbach
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200N Copenhagen, Denmark; (P.A.); (B.S.); (T.P.)
| | - Steen Larsen
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200N Copenhagen, Denmark; (S.L.); (C.P.)
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Esmeralda Mata
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development—GENUD Toledo Research Group, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain; (I.A.); (E.M.)
| | - Bente Stallknecht
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200N Copenhagen, Denmark; (P.A.); (B.S.); (T.P.)
| | - Thorkil Ploug
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200N Copenhagen, Denmark; (P.A.); (B.S.); (T.P.)
| | - Clara Prats
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200N Copenhagen, Denmark; (S.L.); (C.P.)
| | - Jørn W. Helge
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200N Copenhagen, Denmark; (S.L.); (C.P.)
- Correspondence:
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Farhadi Z, Khaksari M, Azizian H, Dabiri S, Fallah H, Nozari M. Aging is associated with loss of beneficial effects of estrogen on leptin responsiveness in mice fed high fat diet: Role of estrogen receptor α and cytokines. Mech Ageing Dev 2020; 186:111198. [PMID: 31904410 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2019.111198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Aging causes changes in body composition and energy balance. Estrogen plays an important role in body's metabolism. The aim of this study was to determine whether estrogen has beneficial effects on leptin responsiveness in aged mice. Young 4 months and aged 19-21 female mice fed High Fat Diet (HFD) or Standard Diet (SD) for 12 weeks and following received estrogen for 4 weeks. Responsiveness to leptin was compared by measuring energy balance parameters. Results showed that HFD caused weight gain compared to SD in young, but had no effect on aged animals. Estrogen reduced body weight, energy intake and visceral fat in young, while none of these parameters was affected in aged animals. Although there was leptin sensitivity in aged compared to ovariectomized animals, estrogen only improved the sensitivity of young to leptin. Estrogen prevented increase in TNF-α and a decrease in IL-10 in HFD young and aged animals. Response to estrogen depended on age, and estrogen increased leptin sensitivity only in young animals. Determining the exact mechanism of this action is suggested in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Farhadi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Khaksari
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research, and Physiology Research Centers, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Hossein Azizian
- Neurobiomedical Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Shahriar Dabiri
- Pathology and Stem Cell Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Hossein Fallah
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Nozari
- Neuroscience Research, and Physiology Research Centers, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Hong GB, Gao PC, Chen YY, Xia Y, Ke XS, Shao XF, Xiong CX, Chen HS, Xiao H, Ning J, Zou HQ. High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein Leads to Increased Incident Metabolic Syndrome in Women but Not in Men: A Five-Year Follow-Up Study in a Chinese Population. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2020; 13:581-590. [PMID: 32184637 PMCID: PMC7055523 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s241774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Metabolic syndrome (MetS), characterized by a constellation of insulin resistance, central obesity, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia, is a global health threat. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) has been shown to be associated with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease; however, its association with incident MetS is less known. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the prospective association between hs-CRP and MetS among a Chinese population in a 5-year follow-up study. PATIENTS AND METHODS The levels of hs-CRP were measured using serum samples collected at baseline recruitment in 2012 from 886 participants without MetS. Follow-up interviews were conducted in 2018, and MetS was diagnosed by 2017 criteria from the Chinese Diabetes Society. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to assess the overall and sex-specific associations between hs-CRP and incident MetS. The odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were computed with adjustment for demographic, socioeconomic, clinical, and lifestyle factors. RESULTS After a mean follow-up duration of 5.40 ± 0.56 years, 116 (13.3%) participants developed MetS. In the total study population, increased hs-CRP levels were associated with a higher risk of MetS (OR comparing extreme quartiles of hs-CRP: 4.06 [95% CI: 1.91-8.65]) in the fully-adjusted model. When stratified by sex, the positive association was only observed in women (OR: 4.82 [1.89-12.3]) but not in men (OR: 3.15 [0.82-12.1]; P-interaction = 0.039). CONCLUSION In this study of a Chinese population, a positive association between hs-CRP and incident MetS was found only in women and not in men. Sex-specific prediction and intervention of MetS using hs-CRP as a target should be further evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-bao Hong
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology and Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong510630, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Nanhai Hospital of Southern Medical University, Foshan528200, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pei-chun Gao
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology and Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong510630, People’s Republic of China
- School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong510630, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yun-yin Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology and Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong510630, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yue Xia
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology and Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong510630, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-su Ke
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology and Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong510630, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-fei Shao
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology and Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong510630, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chong-xiang Xiong
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology and Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong510630, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hai-shan Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology and Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong510630, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hua Xiao
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology and Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong510630, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Ning
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology and Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong510630, People’s Republic of China
| | - He-qun Zou
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology and Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong510630, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: He-qun Zou Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology and Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong510630, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86-20-6278-4391 Email
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Shen HH, Yang CY, Kung CW, Chen SY, Wu HM, Cheng PY, Lam KK, Lee YM. Raloxifene inhibits adipose tissue inflammation and adipogenesis through Wnt regulation in ovariectomized rats and 3 T3-L1 cells. J Biomed Sci 2019; 26:62. [PMID: 31470850 PMCID: PMC6717377 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-019-0556-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Loss of ovarian function, as in menopause or after ovariectomy (OVX), is closely associated with obesity and white adipose tissue (WAT) inflammation. Estrogen replacement protects against postmenopausal obesity but increases the risks of carcinogenesis. In the present study, we investigated the effects of long-term treatment of raloxifene (RAL), a selective estrogen receptor modulator, on the features of estrogen deficiency-induced obesity and explored the involvement of canonical and non-canonical Wnt regulation in vivo and in vitro. METHODS Adult female rats received bilateral OVX and divided into 5 groups: (1) Sham, (2) OVX, (3) OVX + E2: OVX rats were administered with E2 (50 μg/kg, s.c., 3 times/week), (4) OVX + RAL: OVX rats were treated with RAL (gavage, 1 mg/kg/day) suspended in 0.8% carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), (5) OVX + CMC: 0.8% CMC as vehicle control. All treatments were given for 8 weeks beginning at 1 week after OVX. In 3 T3-L1 cells, the effects of RAL on adipogenesis and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation were evaluated. RESULTS Treatment with RAL significantly decreased body weight, visceral fat pad mass, adipocyte size and plasma levels of glucose but increased plasma adiponectin. RAL reduced the elevation of HIF-1α, VEGF-A and proinflammatory cytokines (MCP-1 and TNF-α) expression by inhibition of NF-κB p65 and JNK cascades in retroperitoneal WAT. This anti-inflammatory capacity of RAL may result from upregulation of secreted frizzle-related protein 5 (SFRP5), an adipokine that repressed Wnt5a signaling. Furthermore, RAL inhibited adipogenic factors such as PPAR-γ, C/EBP-α, and FABP4, and preserved canonical Wnt10b/β-catenin protein expression. In 3 T3-L1 adipocytes, RAL (20 μM) diminished lipid accumulation and inhibited adipogenic factors accompanied with the induction of β-catenin, which were effectively reversed by the β-catenin inhibitor IWR-1-endo. In addition, RAL reduced LPS-induced NF-κB p65 and p-IκB expression as well as TNF-α secretion. Suppression of SFRP5 by small interfering RNA significantly abrogated the anti-inflammatory effects of RAL. CONCLUSIONS Distinct activation of canonical β-catenin on inhibition of adipogenesis and non-canonical SFRP5 on suppression of WAT inflammation may contribute to the beneficial effects of RAL. Therefore, this study provides a rationale for the therapeutic potential of RAL for postmenopausal obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Hsueh Shen
- 0000 0004 0634 0356grid.260565.2Department and Institute of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- 0000 0004 0634 0356grid.260565.2Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- 0000 0004 0634 0356grid.260565.2Department of Pharmacy Practice, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Yi Yang
- 0000 0004 0638 9360grid.278244.fDivision of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital Sungshan Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Wen Kung
- 0000 0004 0622 7222grid.411824.aDepartment of Nursing, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Ying Chen
- 0000 0004 1770 3722grid.411432.1Department of Nursing, Hung Kuang University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Min Wu
- 0000 0004 0634 0356grid.260565.2Department and Institute of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pao-Yun Cheng
- 0000 0004 0634 0356grid.260565.2Department of Physiology & Biophysics, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kwok-Keung Lam
- 0000 0000 9337 0481grid.412896.0Department of Pharmacology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Catholic Mercy Hospital, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Mei Lee
- 0000 0004 0634 0356grid.260565.2Department and Institute of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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Association of proinflammatory genes expression with serum interleukin 1β and free fatty acids in metabolically healthy and unhealthy abdominally obese individuals: a case-control study. BMC Immunol 2019; 20:23. [PMID: 31272370 PMCID: PMC6611037 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-019-0303-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Proinflammatory genes are highly expressed in several metabolic disorders associated with obesity. But it is not clarified whether gene expression levels and downstream inflammatory markers are related to the metabolic state or the presence of obesity. Hence, the present study aimed to compare Toll-Like Receptor 2 (TLR2), Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88 (MyD88), and NFĸB mRNA expression levels between metabolically healthy abdominally obese (MHAO) and metabolically unhealthy abdominally obese (MUAO) individuals. Results We compared mRNA expression levels of the genes as well as serum FFAs and IL-1β in MUAO (n = 36) and MHAO (n = 34) groups. Serum FBS, TG, and HDL-C in addition to systolic and diastolic blood pressure were significantly higher in MUAO than MHAO groups (p < 0.05). The odds of MUAO was significantly decreased with high HDL-C (OR = 0.22, 95%CI: 0.08–0.63) and increased with high FBS (OR = 7.04, 95%CI: 1.42–34.69) and TG (OR = 30.55, 95%CI: 7.48–60.67). There were no significant differences in proinflammatory genes as well as serum FFAs and IL-1β between the two groups. No associations were found between the genes expression and serum markers. However, NFĸB expression was significantly correlated with TLR2 and MyD88 (r = 0.747; p < 0.001). Significant correlations were also noticed between TLR2 and MyD88 expression as well as between serum FFAs and IL-1β in each group (p < 0.001). Conclusion Serum concentration of IL-1β, FFAs, and mRNA expression levels of TLR2, MyD88, and NFĸB may be resulted from abdominal obesity and not be related to the presence or absence of metabolic health.
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Lee YH, Lim W, Sung MK. Carnosic Acid Modulates Increased Hepatic Lipogenesis and Adipocytes Differentiation in Ovariectomized Mice Fed Normal or High-Fat Diets. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10121984. [PMID: 30558262 PMCID: PMC6315337 DOI: 10.3390/nu10121984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
As postmenopausal women experience a rapid increase in cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk with an increase in abdominal fat, dietary interventions to reduce CVD risk have been emphasized. This study was aimed at investigating the effect of a high-fat diet (HFD) in combination with an ovariectomy on liver and adipose tissue fat metabolism. The efficacy of carnosic acid (CA) supplementation in the suppression of HFD- and ovariectomy-induced obesity was also evaluated. Ovariectomized (OVX) or sham-operated mice at eight weeks of age were fed with a normal diet (ND), HFD, ND and 0.02% CA, or HFD and 0.02% CA for 12 weeks. All of the animals were sacrificed at the age of 20 weeks. The blood and tissue markers of the lipogenesis and adipocyte differentiation were measured. As expected, ovariectomy decreased the uterus weight and serum 17β-estradiol concentration. The HFD and ovariectomy significantly contributed to increases in the body weight and total fat mass, which were effectively inhibited by CA supplementation. The circulating concentrations of insulin, leptin, and TG (triglyceride) were significantly higher in the HFD group, and the concentrations were two to five times higher in the OVX and HFD group compared with those of the ND group. The CA supplementation significantly lowered the insulin, leptin, and TG concentrations in the OVX and HFD mice. The hepatic protein expressions of pAMPK and pACC were up-regulated by CA supplementation in OVX mice fed either ND or HFD. The expressions of hepatic SREBP1c and FAS mRNA were the highest in the OVX and HFD group, which were suppressed by CA supplementation. The adipose tissue PPARγ, aP2, and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) mRNA expressions were up-regulated by a HFD or ovariectomy, while they were significantly reduced in the mice fed a CA supplemented diet. The TNF-α and IL-6 mRNA levels in the adipose tissue were decreased by providing CA in the OVX groups. These results suggest that HFD and ovariectomy independently contribute to body fat accumulation, and CA effectively alleviated the ovariectomy-induced increases in lipogenesis and adipocyte differentiation. Further human trials are required in order to evaluate the efficacy of rosemary-derive CA as natural anti-adipogenic compounds, especially in postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon-Hee Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Sookmyung Women's University, Chungpa-ro 47-gil 100, Yongsan-gu, Seoul 140-742, Republic of Korea.
| | - Whasun Lim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Catholic Kwandong University, 24 Beomil-ro 579 beon-gil, Gangneung-si, Gangwon-do 210-701, Republic of Korea.
| | - Mi-Kyung Sung
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Sookmyung Women's University, Chungpa-ro 47-gil 100, Yongsan-gu, Seoul 140-742, Republic of Korea.
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Rasaei N, Mirzababaei A, Arghavani H, Tajik S, Keshavarz SA, Yekaninejad MS, Imani H, Mirzaei K. A comparison of the sensitivity and specificity of anthropometric measurements to predict unhealthy metabolic phenotype in overweight and obese women. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2018; 12:1147-1153. [PMID: 30017504 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2018.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
AIM Metabolically Healthy Obese (MHO) is called to obese people that their insulin sensitivity, lipid profiles and inflammatory profiles are favorable, and there are no signs of hypertension and cardio-metabolic diseases. The metabolically unhealthy obese (MUHO) is the opposite. A Body Shape Index (ABSI) is a marker to identifying abdominal obesity that is derived from weight, height and waist circumference (WC). Several studies have reported ABSI is associated with diabetes, metabolic syndrome, hypertension and higher mortality rate. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 305 overweight and obese women were included in the current comparative cross-sectional study. Body composition was measured using body composition analyzer. Blood samples were obtained. The usual food intake of evaluated through the use of a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. RESULTS The results of this study revealed that there is a significant relationship between ABSI and MHO and MUHO (p = 0.04) and area under the ROC curve was 0.60. Also there is a significant relationship between BMI, fat mass index (FMI), free fat mass index (FFMI), neck circumference (NC), WC, fat mass (FM) and metabolic healthy status (MHS). The largest area under the ROC curve belonged to NC, WC, FM and BMI (0.66). CONCLUSION The findings of this study suggest that there is a significant relationship between ABSI, BMI, FMI, FFMI, NC, WC, FM and MHS. The largest area under the ROC curve was related to the NC, WC, FM and BMI not ABSI, that means NC, WC, FM and BMI have maximum sensitivity and specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloufar Rasaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Atieh Mirzababaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Hana Arghavani
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayeh Tajik
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Ali Keshavarz
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mir Saeed Yekaninejad
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Imani
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Mirzaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.
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Hajihashemi P, Haghighatdoost F. Effects of Whole-Grain Consumption on Selected Biomarkers of Systematic Inflammation: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. J Am Coll Nutr 2018; 38:275-285. [PMID: 30183552 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2018.1490935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Whole grains have potential benefits in preventing cardiovascular diseases and diabetes; nevertheless, results from randomized clinical trials (RCTs) on inflammatory markers are controversial. The aim of this meta-analysis of RCTs was to examine the effect of whole grains on inflammatory markers A systematic literature search was conducted by using the online database of PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar, and Scopus for relevant studies up to November 2017, using Medical Subject Headings and other related keywords. Only studies that compared the effects of whole grains on inflammatory markers with refined grains were included. From more than 2278 articles, 17 RCTs met the inclusion criteria and were systematically reviewed. Weighted mean differences were estimated and pooled effect size was calculated by random effects model. Thirteen RCTs with 466 participants were included in the meta-analysis. Whole-grain consumption had a significant effect on serum concentration of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP; Hedges' g: -0.22; 95% confidence interval (CI): -0.45, 0.00; p = 0.047), interleukin-6 (IL-6; -0.28 pg/mL; 95% CI: -0.55, -0.02; p = 0.037) but did not result in a significant decline in serum concentration of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α; -0.12 pg/mL; 95% CI: -0.39, 0.15; p = 0.396). Significant heterogeneity was observed between studies for hs-CRP (I2 = 69.0%, p < 0.0001), IL-6 (I2 = 96.6%, p < 0.001), and TNF-α (I2 = 95.4%, p < 0.001). In sensitivity analysis, the effect of whole grain intake on hs-CRP, IL-6, and TNF-α was not substantially modified by the result of a single study. Meta-regression for duration showed no significant association between the duration of study and changes in serum C-reactive protein levels (β coefficient = 0.006, standard error = 0.036; p = 0.870). Conclusions: This meta-analysis of RCTs suggested that whole grains might affect health status via improving systematic inflammation. Key teaching points: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Whole grains consumption was associated with lower serum levels of hs-CRP and IL-6. Whole grains cannot significantly decrease serum levels of TNF-α. We could not found any source for heterogeneity. The effect of whole grains on serum inflammatory biomarkers was independent from duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Hajihashemi
- a Food Security Research Center , Isfahan University of Medical Sciences , Isfahan , Iran.,b Department of Community Nutrition , School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences , Isfahan , Iran.,c Students' Research Committee , Isfahan University of Medical Sciences , Isfahan , Iran
| | - Fahimeh Haghighatdoost
- a Food Security Research Center , Isfahan University of Medical Sciences , Isfahan , Iran.,b Department of Community Nutrition , School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences , Isfahan , Iran
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Black tea affects obesity by reducing nutrient intake and activating AMP-activated protein kinase in mice. Mol Biol Rep 2018; 45:689-697. [PMID: 29923153 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-018-4205-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The effects of certain tea components on the prevention of obesity in humans have been reported recently. However, whether Yinghong NO. 9 black tea consumption has beneficial effects on obesity are not known. Here, we obtained a Yinghong NO. 9 black tea infusion (Y9 BTI) and examined the anti-obesity effects of its oral administration. ICR mice were fed a standard diet supplemented with Y9 BTI at 0.5, 1.0, or 2.0 g/kg body weight for two weeks, and the body weight were recorded. HE staining was used to evaluate the effect of Y9 BTI on mice liver. Western blot analysis was used to detect the expression levels of related proteins in the mice liver and adipose. We found that the body weights of the mice in the control group were significantly higher than those of the mice in the middle and high dose groups. The results of western blot showed that Y9 BTI up-regulated the expression of liver kinase B1 (LKB1) and adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and also increased in AMPK phosphorylation (p-AMPK) and LKB1 phosphorylation (p-LKB1). Y9 BTI significantly down-regulated Fas Cell Surface Death Receptor(FAS) and activated the phosphorylation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC). Furthermore, Y9 BTI (2.0 g/kg BW) down-regulated the expression of three factors (IL-1β, Cox-2, and iNOS). Altogether, Y9 BTI supplementation reduced the feed intake of mice and may prevent obesity by inhibiting lipid absorption. These results suggest that Y9 BTI may regulate adipogenic processes through the LKB1/AMPK pathway.
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Iwasa T, Matsuzaki T, Yano K, Irahara M. The effects of ovariectomy and lifelong high-fat diet consumption on body weight, appetite, and lifespan in female rats. Horm Behav 2018; 97:25-30. [PMID: 29054797 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 09/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
In females, ovarian hormones play pivotal roles in metabolic, appetite, and body weight regulation. In addition, it has been reported that ovarian hormones also affect longevity in some species. Recently, it was found that the consumption of a high-fat diet aggravates ovariectomy-associated metabolic dysregulation in female rodents. The aim of this study was to investigate the hypothesis that long-term high-fat diet consumption and ovariectomy interact to worsen body weight regulation and longevity in female rats. At 21days of age, female rats were weaned and randomly divided into two groups, one of which was given the high-fat diet, and the other was supplied with standard chow. At 23weeks of age, each group was further divided into ovariectomized and sham-operated groups, and then their body weight changes, food intake, and longevity were measured until 34months of age. The sham - high-fat diet rats exhibited greater body weight changes and higher feed efficiency than the sham - standard chow rats. On the other hand, the ovariectomized - high-fat diet and ovariectomized - standard chow rats displayed similar body weight changes and feed efficiency. The sham - high-fat diet and ovariectomized - standard chow rats demonstrated similar body weight changes and feed efficiency, indicating that the impact of ovariectomy on the regulation of body weight and energy metabolism might be similar to that of high-fat diet. Contrary to our expectations, ovariectomy and high-fat diet consumption both had small favorable effects on longevity. As the high-fat diet used in the present study not only had a high fat content, but also had a high caloric content and a low carbohydrate content compared with the standard chow, it is possible that the effects of the high-fat diet on body weight and longevity were partially induced by its caloric/carbohydrate contents. These findings indicate that the alterations in body weight and energy metabolism induced by ovariectomy and high-fat diet might not directly affect the lifespan of female rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Iwasa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan.
| | - Toshiya Matsuzaki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Kiyohito Yano
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Minoru Irahara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
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Hopkins JL, Hopkins PN, Brinton EA, Adams TD, Davidson LE, Nanjee MN, Hunt SC. Expression of Metabolic Syndrome in Women with Severe Obesity. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2017; 15:283-290. [PMID: 28657427 DOI: 10.1089/met.2016.0116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) generally rises with increasing adiposity, but tends to plateau at the highest levels of body mass index (BMI) with some individuals, even with severe obesity, expressing few or no components of MetS. We examined factors associated with the expression of MetS in severely obese women participating in a large observational study. METHODS Anthropometrics, including Heath equation-adjusted bioimpedance-determined fat-free mass (FFM) and fat mass (FM), lipids and related laboratory measurements, resting energy expenditure (REE), and respiratory quotient (RQ), were studied in 949 women with severe obesity. RESULTS Even though the mean BMI was 45.7 kg/m2 and all participants met MetS criteria for increased waist circumference, 30% of subjects did not have MetS. Unadjusted FM (P = 0.0011), FFM (P < 0.0001), and REE (P < 0.0001) were greater in the women with MetS. Surprisingly, in multivariate logistic regression FFM was positively associated with MetS (P = 0.0002), while FM was not (P = 0.89). Moreover, FFM, not FM, was significantly associated with all five components of MetS except for triglyceride levels. REE and RQ were higher in those with MetS, and REE was strongly associated with multiple components of MetS. CONCLUSIONS In women with severe obesity, higher FFM and REE were paradoxically associated with increased rather than decreased risk of MetS, while FFM-adjusted FM was unrelated to MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- James L Hopkins
- 1 Cardiovascular Genetics, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine , Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Paul N Hopkins
- 1 Cardiovascular Genetics, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine , Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Eliot A Brinton
- 2 The Utah Lipid Center and Utah Foundation for Biomedical Research , Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Ted D Adams
- 1 Cardiovascular Genetics, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine , Salt Lake City, Utah.,3 Intermountain Live Well Center , Intermountain Healthcare, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Lance E Davidson
- 1 Cardiovascular Genetics, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine , Salt Lake City, Utah.,4 Department of Exercise Sciences, Brigham Young University , Provo, Utah
| | - M Nazeem Nanjee
- 1 Cardiovascular Genetics, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine , Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Steven C Hunt
- 1 Cardiovascular Genetics, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine , Salt Lake City, Utah.,5 Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine in Qatar, Doha, Qatar
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Panneerselvam S, Packirisamy RM, Bobby Z, Elizabeth Jacob S, Sridhar MG. Soy isoflavones ( Glycine max ) ameliorate hypertriglyceridemia and hepatic steatosis in high fat-fed ovariectomized Wistar rats (an experimental model of postmenopausal obesity). J Nutr Biochem 2016; 38:57-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2016.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Dynapenia and Metabolic Health in Obese and Nonobese Adults Aged 70 Years and Older: The LIFE Study. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2016; 18:312-319. [PMID: 27914851 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between dynapenia and metabolic risk factors in obese and nonobese older adults. METHODS A total of 1453 men and women (age ≥70 years) from the Lifestyle Interventions and Independence for Elders (LIFE) Study were categorized as (1) nondynapenic/nonobese (NDYN-NO), (2) dynapenic/nonobese (DYN-NO), (3) nondynapenic/obese (NDYN-O), or (4) dynapenic/obese (DYN-O), based on muscle strength (Foundation for the National Institute of Health criteria) and body mass index. Dependent variables were blood lipids, fasting glucose, blood pressure, presence of at least 3 metabolic syndrome (MetS) criteria, and other chronic conditions. RESULTS A significantly higher likelihood of having abdominal obesity criteria in NDYN-NO compared with DYN-NO groups (55.6 vs 45.1%, P ≤ .01) was observed. Waist circumference also was significantly higher in obese groups (DYN-O = 114.0 ± 12.9 and NDYN-O = 111.2 ± 13.1) than in nonobese (NDYN-NO = 93.1 ± 10.7 and DYN-NO = 92.2 ± 11.2, P ≤ .01); and higher in NDYN-O compared with DYN-O (P = .008). Additionally, NDYN-O demonstrated higher diastolic blood pressure compared with DYN-O (70.9 ± 10.1 vs 67.7 ± 9.7, P ≤ .001). No significant differences were found across dynapenia and obesity status for all other metabolic components (P > .05). The odds of having MetS or its individual components were similar in obese and nonobese, combined or not with dynapenia (nonsignificant odds ratio [95% confidence interval]). CONCLUSION Nonobese dynapenic older adults had fewer metabolic disease risk factors than nonobese and nondynapenic older adults. Moreover, among obese older adults, dynapenia was associated with lower risk of meeting MetS criteria for waist circumference and diastolic blood pressure. Additionally, the presence of dynapenia did not increase cardiometabolic disease risk in either obese or nonobese older adults.
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Association between fat free mass and glucose homeostasis: Common knowledge revisited. Ageing Res Rev 2016; 28:46-61. [PMID: 27112523 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2016.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Ouyang S, Li W, Liu Z, Li Y, Li S, Wu J. Association between serum soluble tumor necrosis factor-α receptors and early childhood obesity. Endocr J 2016; 63:581-7. [PMID: 27040725 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej15-0628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to characterize the inflammatory cytokine profiles and further validate the significantly different cytokines in the serum obtained from obese children aged 36-48 months. Four obese children and four lean controls were randomly selected for inflammatory cytokine array assay, in which two cytokines [soluble tumor necrosis factor-α receptors (sTNFRs) 1 and 2] were found to be significantly different. Both cytokines (sTNFR1 and sTNFR2) were then further validated through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 61 obese children and 52 lean children. ELISA results revealed that serum sTNFR1 level in obese children significantly increased (p = 0.003), whereas sTNFR2 did not change significantly (p = 0.069). Stratified analysis by gender showed that only obese girls presented increased sTNFR1 (p = 0.005) and sTNFR2 (p = 0.049) levels. We conclude that serum sTNFR1 is elevated in early childhood obesity. Moreover, serum sTNFR1 and sTNFR2 are associated with obese girls but not obese boys, thereby suggesting that serum sTNFRs in early childhood obesity may be sex related.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengrong Ouyang
- Dept. of Biochemistry, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China
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Choi YJ. Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry: Beyond Bone Mineral Density Determination. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2016; 31:25-30. [PMID: 26996419 PMCID: PMC4803557 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2016.31.1.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Significant improvements in dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) concerning quality, image resolution and image acquisition time have allowed the development of various functions. DXA can evaluate bone quality by indirect analysis of micro- and macro-architecture of the bone, which and improve the prediction of fracture risk. DXA can also detect existing fractures, such as vertebral fractures or atypical femur fractures, without additional radiologic imaging and radiation exposure. Moreover, it can assess the metabolic status by the measurement of body composition parameters like muscle mass and visceral fat. Although more studies are required to validate and clinically use these parameters, it is clear that DXA is not just for bone mineral densitometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Jun Choi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.
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Lee H, Choi J, Shin SS, Yoon M. Effects of Korean red ginseng (Panax ginseng) on obesity and adipose inflammation in ovariectomized mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 178:229-237. [PMID: 26707750 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Revised: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Korean red ginseng (ginseng, Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) is a famous traditional drug used in Korea for the treatment and prevention of obesity, type 2 diabetes, cancer, and liver and cardiovascular diseases. Menopause is strongly associated with many of the aforementioned metabolic diseases and increased visceral obesity. The aims of this study were to investigate whether ginseng inhibits obesity and related disorders in ovariectomized (OVX) C57BL/6J mice, which is a mouse model of postmenopausal women, and to determine the mechanism of action involved in this process. MATERIALS AND METHODS After OVX mice were treated with 5% (w/w) ginseng for 15 weeks, we determined the effects of ginseng on obesity and adipose inflammation, angiogenesis, metalloproteinase (MMP) activity and metabolic parameters. RESULTS OVX mice had higher body weight, adipose tissue mass and adipocyte size when fed a high fat diet (HFD) compared with HFD-fed sham-operated mice. All of these parameters were significantly reduced in OVX mice fed a HFD supplemented with ginseng. Ginseng treatment also decreased blood vessel density, MMP activity, and mRNA levels of angiogenic factors (e.g., VEGF-A and FGF-2) and MMPs (e.g., MMP-2 and MMP-9) in adipose tissues of OVX mice. Infiltrating inflammatory cells and expression of inflammatory cytokines (e.g., CD68, TNFα and MCP-1) in adipose tissue were reduced by ginseng. Ginseng not only reduced the circulating levels of free fatty acids and triglycerides, but also normalized hyperinsulinemia and hyperglycemia in OVX mice. Hepatic lipid droplets were almost completely abolished by ginseng. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that ginseng inhibited ovariectomy-induced obesity, adiposity, and adipocyte hypertrophy by modulating angiogenesis and MMP activity. Ginseng also suppressed adipose inflammation, insulin resistance, and hepatic steatosis in OVX mice. Thus, it is likely that ginseng may be a promising drug for the prevention and treatment of obesity and related disorders in obese postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunghee Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Mokwon University, Daejeon 35349, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeonghyun Choi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Mokwon University, Daejeon 35349, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Shik Shin
- Department of Formula Sciences, College of Korean Medicine, Dongeui University, Busan 47227, Republic of Korea.
| | - Michung Yoon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Mokwon University, Daejeon 35349, Republic of Korea.
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Han SH, Lee TH, Jang JY, Song HK, Hong SK, Kim YR, Han BS. Mixture of Extracts of Cynanchum wilfordii and Phlomis umbrosa Turcz. Does Not Have an Estrogenic Effect in Ovariectomized Rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.9721/kjfst.2015.47.5.667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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30
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Bea JW, Thomson CA, Wertheim BC, Nicholas JS, Ernst KC, Hu C, Jackson RD, Cauley JA, Lewis CE, Caan B, Roe DJ, Chen Z. Risk of Mortality According to Body Mass Index and Body Composition Among Postmenopausal Women. Am J Epidemiol 2015; 182:585-96. [PMID: 26350478 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwv103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity, often defined as a body mass index (BMI; weight (kg)/height (m)(2)) of 30 or higher, has been associated with mortality, but age-related body composition changes can be masked by stable BMI. A subset of Women's Health Initiative participants (postmenopausal women aged 50-79 years) enrolled between 1993 and 1998 who had received dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scans for estimation of total body fat (TBF) and lean body mass (LBM) (n = 10,525) were followed for 13.6 (standard deviation, 4.6) years to test associations between BMI, body composition, and incident mortality. Overall, BMI ≥35 was associated with increased mortality (adjusted hazard ratio (HR) = 1.45, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.16, 1.82), while TBF and LBM were not. However, an interaction between age and body composition (P < 0.001) necessitated age stratification. Among women aged 50-59 years, higher %TBF increased risk of death (HR = 2.44, 95% CI: 1.38, 4.34) and higher %LBM decreased risk of death (HR = 0.41, 95% CI: 0.23, 0.74), despite broad-ranging BMIs (16.4-69.1). However, the relationships were reversed among women aged 70-79 years (P < 0.05). BMI did not adequately capture mortality risk in this sample of postmenopausal women. Our data suggest the clinical utility of evaluating body composition by age group to more robustly assess mortality risk among postmenopausal women.
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Normandin E, Doucet E, Rabasa-Lhoret R, Brochu M. Effects of a weight loss program on body composition and the metabolic profile in obese postmenopausal women displaying various obesity phenotypes: a MONET group study. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2015; 40:695-702. [DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2014-0451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a heterogeneous condition, since the metabolic profile may differ greatly from one individual to another. The objective of this study was to compare the effect of a 6-month diet-induced weight loss program on body composition and the metabolic profile in obese individuals displaying different obesity phenotypes. Secondary analyses were done on 129 obese (% body fat: 46% ± 4%) postmenopausal women (age: 57 ± 4 years). Outcome measures included body composition, body fat distribution, glucose homeostasis, fasting lipids, and blood pressure. Obesity phenotypes were determined based on lean body mass (LBM) index (LBMI = LBM/height2) and visceral fat (VF) accumulation, as follows: 1, lower VF and lower LBMI (n = 35); 2, lower VF and higher LBMI (n = 19); 3, higher VF and lower LBMI (n = 14); and 4, higher VF and higher LBMI (n = 61). All groups had significantly improved measures of body composition after the intervention (P < 0.0001). Greater decreases in LBM and LBMI were observed in the higher LBMI groups than in the lower LBMI groups (P < 0.0001). Similarly, decreases in VF were greater in the higher VF groups than in the lower VF groups (P < 0.05). Overall, fasting insulin levels and glucose disposal improved following the intervention, with higher LBMI groups showing a trend for greater improvements (P = 0.06 and 0.07, respectively). Overall, no difference was observed among the different obesity phenotypes regarding improvements in the metabolic profile in response to weight loss. Individuals displaying higher VF or higher LBMI at baseline experienced significantly greater decreases for these variables after the intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eve Normandin
- Faculty of Physical Activity Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- Research Centre on Aging, Institute of Geriatrics of Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Eric Doucet
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Rémi Rabasa-Lhoret
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Montreal Diabetes Research Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Martin Brochu
- Faculty of Physical Activity Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- Research Centre on Aging, Institute of Geriatrics of Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
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Additive effects of isoflavones and exercise training on inflammatory cytokines and body composition in overweight and obese postmenopausal women: a randomized controlled trial. Menopause 2015; 21:869-75. [PMID: 24378766 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000000177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Isoflavones and exercise have been shown to affect C-reactive protein (CRP) and body composition and to act synergistically on trunk and total fat mass (FM), glucose metabolism, and lean body mass in postmenopausal women with a body mass index higher than 25 kg/m. We hypothesized that exercise and isoflavone supplementation (Ex + ISO) could reduce inflammation in the same subpopulation of women. The objective of this study was to investigate if 6 months of mixed exercise combined with isoflavones could have greater effects on specific inflammatory markers than exercise alone in overweight or obese postmenopausal women. METHODS Thirty-four postmenopausal women aged 50 to 70 years were randomly assigned to exercise and placebo (Ex + PLA; n = 15) or Ex + ISO (n = 19). At baseline and after 6 months, waist circumference, hip circumference, total FM, trunk FM, leg FM, and muscle mass index (MMI; = total fat free mass [kg] / height [m]) were assessed (dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry). Inflammatory markers (CRP, tumor necrosis factor-α [TNF-α], and interleukin-6) were obtained by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. T tests were used to compare groups at baseline. RESULTS The Ex + PLA group showed significant changes in MMI (+0.33 kg/m, P ≤ 0.009) and FM compartments (waist circumference, -5.13 cm; % FM, -1.31%; P ≤ 0.001), whereas inflammation remained unchanged. However, the Ex + ISO group showed significant changes in total FM (-1.70 kg, P < 0.0001), FM compartments (hip circumference [-2.51 cm, P = 0.019], leg FM [-1.16 kg, P = 0.037], and trunk FM [-0.72 kg, P = 0.006]), MMI (+0.39 kg, P = 0.011), and inflammation (CRP, -1.14 mg/L, P = 0.029; TNF-α, +0.29 pg/mL, P = 0.010). CONCLUSIONS Despite an increase in TNF-α, the use of isoflavones-when body weight remains stable-seems to enhance the beneficial effects of mixed-exercise training on body composition and CRP in overweight or obese postmenopausal women.
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Janket SJ, Javaheri H, Ackerson LK, Ayilavarapu S, Meurman JH. Oral Infections, Metabolic Inflammation, Genetics, and Cardiometabolic Diseases. J Dent Res 2015; 94:119S-27S. [PMID: 25840582 DOI: 10.1177/0022034515580795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Although several epidemiologic studies reported plausible and potentially causal associations between oral infections and cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs), controversy still lingers. This might be due to unrecognized confounding from metabolic inflammation and genetics, both of which alter the immune responses of the host. Low-grade inflammation termed metainflammation is the hallmark of obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and CMDs. According to the common soil theory, the continuum of obesity to CMDs is the same pathology at different time points, and early metainflammations, such as hyperglycemia and obesity, display many adverse cardiometabolic characteristics. Consequently, adipose tissue is now considered a dynamic endocrine organ that expresses many proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-6, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1, and IL-1β. In metainflammation, IL-1β and reactive oxygen species are generated, and IL-1β is a pivotal molecule in the pathogenesis of CMDs. Note that the same cytokines expressed in metainflammation are also reported in oral infections. In metabolic inflammation and oral infections, the innate immune system is activated through pattern recognition receptors-which include transmembrane receptors such as toll-like receptors (TLRs), cytosolic receptors such as nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptors, and multiprotein complexes called inflammasome. In general, TLR-2s are presumed to recognize lipoteichoic acid of Gram-positive microbes-and TLR-4s, lipopolysaccharide of Gram-negative microbes-while nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptors detect both Gram-positive and Gram-negative peptidoglycans on the bacterial cell walls. However, a high-fat diet activates TLR-2s, and obesity activates TLR-4s and induces spontaneous increases in serum lipopolysaccharide levels (metabolic endotoxemia). Moreover, genetics controls lipid-related transcriptome and the differentiation of monocyte and macrophages. Additionally, genetics influences CMDs, and this creates a confounding relationship among oral infections, metainflammation, and genetics. Therefore, future studies must elucidate whether oral infections can increase the risk of CMDs independent of the aforementioned confounding factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- S-J Janket
- General Dentistry, Boston University H. M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA Periodontology, Boston University H. M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - H Javaheri
- General Dentistry, Boston University H. M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - L K Ackerson
- Community Health and Sustainability, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA, USA
| | - S Ayilavarapu
- General Dentistry, Boston University H. M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J H Meurman
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Choi YJ, Seo YK, Lee EJ, Chung YS. Quantification of visceral fat using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and its reliability according to the amount of visceral fat in Korean adults. J Clin Densitom 2015; 18:192-7. [PMID: 25937307 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocd.2015.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Revised: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Recently, a fully automated method for segmenting abdominal fat into subcutaneous fat and visceral fat (VF) within the android region using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) has been newly developed. The purpose of this study was to validate a new DXA method by comparing it to the gold standard, computed tomography (CT), in the Korean population. Furthermore, we examined its reliability regarding VF and explored whether it is applicable to the Asian population, which has relatively larger amount of VF. We studied 123 adult men and women, aged 22-73 yr, representing a wide range of body mass index values (17.1-36.0 kg/m(2)), who underwent both DXA and CT in a fasting state within 1 h. The coefficient of determination (r(2)) for regression of the CT on DXA values was 0.892 for females, 0.838 for males, and 0.931 combined. Bland-Altman bias was -451.4 cm(3) with 95% limits of agreement of 149.8 to -1052.6 cm(3). The DXA-measured VF showed a better correlation with CT-measured VF volume than common indices for adiposity, including the body mass index and waist circumference. There was a lesser discrepancy ratio between DXA- and CT-measured VF with an increase of VF volume. DXA, a relatively convenient, inexpensive, and safe method with minimum radiation dosage, can be a reliable technique for VF assessment in the Asian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Jun Choi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Young Kyun Seo
- Department of Radiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Eun Ju Lee
- Department of Radiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Yoon-Sok Chung
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea.
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Cho WK, Kim H, Lee HY, Han KD, Jeon YJ, Jung IA, Kim SH, Cho KS, Park SH, Jung MH, Suh BK. Insulin Resistance of Normal Weight Central Obese Adolescents in Korea Stratified by Waist to Height Ratio: Results from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys 2008-2010. Int J Endocrinol 2015; 2015:158758. [PMID: 26257779 PMCID: PMC4519535 DOI: 10.1155/2015/158758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. To evaluate insulin resistance of normal weight central obese 13-18-year-old male and female adolescents stratified by waist to height ratio (WHR). Methods. Data were obtained from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (K-NHANES) conducted during 2008-2010. Central obesity was defined as that in the upper quartile of age and sex specific WHR. Subjects were classified into no central obesity normal weight (NW), central obesity normal weight (CONW), no central obesity overweight (OW), and central obesity overweight (COOW). Results. The prevalence of CONW was 9.6% (83/832) in female and 7.0% (61/909) in male. CONW showed higher levels of insulin (P < 0.006), HOMA-IR (P < 0.006), and ALT (P < 0.001) than NW in female. CONW had higher levels of insulin (P < 0.0001), HOMA-IR (P < 0.0001), and WBC count (P < 0.021) and lower level of HDL (P < 0.0001) than NW in male. WHR and BMI had similar significant correlations with MS components. CONW showed 2.5 times (95% confidence interval, 1.21-5.00) more likelihood to have high insulin resistance than NW in male. Conclusions. Screening for central obesity using WHR in clinical setting is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Kyoung Cho
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyojin Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Young Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Do Han
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Jin Jeon
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea
| | - In Ah Jung
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin Hee Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Soon Cho
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea
| | - So Hyun Park
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Ho Jung
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Kyu Suh
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea
- *Byung-Kyu Suh:
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Changes in glucose disposal after a caloric restriction–induced weight loss program in obese postmenopausal women. Menopause 2015; 22:96-103. [DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000000273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Badoud F, Perreault M, Zulyniak MA, Mutch DM. Molecular insights into the role of white adipose tissue in metabolically unhealthy normal weight and metabolically healthy obese individuals. FASEB J 2014; 29:748-58. [PMID: 25411437 DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-263913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. However, it is now recognized that a subset of individuals have reduced cardiometabolic risk despite being obese. Paradoxically, a subset of lean individuals is reported to have high risk for cardiometabolic complications. These distinct subgroups of individuals are referred to as metabolically unhealthy normal weight (MUNW) and metabolically healthy obese (MHO). Although the clinical relevance of these subgroups remains debated, evidence shows a critical role for white adipose tissue (WAT) function in the development of these phenotypes. The goal of this review is to provide an overview of our current state of knowledge regarding the molecular and metabolic characteristics of WAT associated with MUNW and MHO. In particular, we discuss the link between different WAT depots, immune cell infiltration, and adipokine production with MUNW and MHO. Furthermore, we also highlight recent molecular insights made with genomic technologies showing that processes such as oxidative phosphorylation, branched-chain amino acid catabolism, and fatty acid β-oxidation differ between these phenotypes. This review provides evidence that WAT function is closely linked with cardiometabolic risk independent of obesity and thus contributes to the development of MUNW and MHO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Badoud
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maude Perreault
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael A Zulyniak
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - David M Mutch
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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Estrogen signaling in metabolic inflammation. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:615917. [PMID: 25400333 PMCID: PMC4226184 DOI: 10.1155/2014/615917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
There is extensive evidence supporting the interference of inflammatory activation with metabolism. Obesity, mainly visceral obesity, is associated with a low-grade inflammatory state, triggered by metabolic surplus where specialized metabolic cells such as adipocytes activate cellular stress initiating and sustaining the inflammatory program. The increasing prevalence of obesity, resulting in increased cardiometabolic risk and precipitating illness such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, fatty liver, cirrhosis, and certain types of cancer, constitutes a good example of this association. The metabolic actions of estrogens have been studied extensively and there is also accumulating evidence that estrogens influence immune processes. However, the connection between these two fields of estrogen actions has been underacknowledged since little attention has been drawn towards the possible action of estrogens on the modulation of metabolism through their anti-inflammatory properties. In the present paper, we summarize knowledge on the modification inflammatory processes by estrogens with impact on metabolism and highlight major research questions on the field. Understanding the regulation of metabolic inflammation by estrogens may provide the basis for the development of therapeutic strategies to the management of metabolic dysfunctions.
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Mavros Y, Kay S, Simpson KA, Baker MK, Wang Y, Zhao RR, Meiklejohn J, Climstein M, O'Sullivan AJ, de Vos N, Baune BT, Blair SN, Simar D, Rooney K, Singh NA, Fiatarone Singh MA. Reductions in C-reactive protein in older adults with type 2 diabetes are related to improvements in body composition following a randomized controlled trial of resistance training. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2014; 5:111-20. [PMID: 24687180 PMCID: PMC4053559 DOI: 10.1007/s13539-014-0134-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reductions in skeletal muscle mass and increased adiposity are key elements in the aging process and in the pathophysiology of several chronic diseases. Systemic low grade inflammation associated with obesity has been shown to accelerate the age-related decline in skeletal muscle. The aim of this investigation was to determine the effects of 12 months of progressive resistance training (PRT) on systemic inflammation, and whether reductions in systemic inflammation were associated with changes in body composition. We hypothesized that reductions in systemic inflammation following 12 months of PRT in older adults with type 2 diabetes would be associated with reductions in adiposity and increases in skeletal muscle mass. METHODS Participants (n = 103) were randomized to receive either PRT or sham-exercise, 3 days a week for 12 months. C-reactive protein (CRP) was used to assess systemic inflammation. Skeletal muscle mass and total fat mass were determined using bioelectrical impedance. RESULTS Twelve months of PRT tended to reduce CRP compared to sham exercise (β = -0.25, p = 0.087). Using linear mixed-effects models, the hypothesized relationships between body composition adaptations and CRP changes were significantly stronger for skeletal muscle mass (p = 0.04) and tended to be stronger for total fat mass (p = 0.07) following PRT when compared to sham-exercise. Using univariate regression models, stratified by group allocation, reductions in CRP were associated with increases in skeletal muscle mass (p = 0.01) and reductions in total fat mass (p = 0.02) in the PRT group, but not in the sham-exercise group (p = 0.87 and p = 0.32, respectively). CONCLUSIONS We have shown for the first time that reductions in systemic inflammation in older adults with type 2 diabetes following PRT were associated with increases in skeletal muscle mass. Furthermore, reductions in CRP were associated with reductions in adiposity, but only when associated with PRT. Lifestyle interventions aimed at reducing systemic inflammation in older adults with type 2 diabetes should therefore incorporate anabolic exercise such as PRT to optimize the anti-inflammatory benefits of favorable body composition adaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yorgi Mavros
- Exercise Health and Performance Faculty Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia,
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Menopause and metabolic syndrome in tunisian women. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:457131. [PMID: 24800228 PMCID: PMC3988895 DOI: 10.1155/2014/457131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Objectives. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of menopausal status on the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in Tunisian women. Methods. We analyzed a total of 2680 women aged between 35 and 70 years. Blood pressure, anthropometric indices, fasting glucose, and lipid profile were measured. The MetS was assessed by the modified NCEP-ATPIII definition. Results. The mean values of waist circumference, blood pressure, plasma lipids, and fasting glucose were significantly higher in postmenopausal than in premenopausal women, a difference that was no longer present when adjusting for age. Except for hypertriglyceridaemia, the frequency of central obesity, hyperglycemia, high blood pressure, and high total cholesterol was significantly higher in postmenopausal than in premenopausal women. After adjusting for age, the significance persisted only for hyperglycemia. The overall prevalence of MetS was 35.9%, higher in postmenopausal (45.7% versus 25.6%) than in premenopausal women. A binary logistic regression analysis showed that menopause was independently associated with MetS (OR = 1.41, 95% CI 1.10–1.82) after adjusting for age, residence area, marital status, family history of cardiovascular disease, education level, and occupation. Conclusions. The present study provides evidence that the MetS is highly prevalent in this group of women. Menopause can be a predictor of MetS independent of age in Tunisian women.
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Khan UI, Ogorodnikova AD, Xu L, Wang D, Wassertheil-Smoller S, Ho GYF, Sowers MFR, Rajpathak SN, Allison MA, Mackey RH, Vitolins MZ, Manson JE, Wildman RP. The adipokine profile of metabolically benign obese and at-risk normal weight postmenopausal women: the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2014; 22:786-94. [PMID: 24357553 PMCID: PMC3883802 DOI: 10.1002/oby.20139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2012] [Accepted: 10/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Nearly, a third of obese individuals, termed metabolically benign obese, have a low burden of adiposity-related cardiometabolic abnormalities, whereas a substantial proportion of normal-weight individuals possess risk factors. METHODS In cross-sectional analyses of 699 normal weight and 1,294 overweight/obese postmenopausal women enrolled in a nested case-control stroke study ancillary to the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study, we compared levels of adiponectin, leptin, and resistin among metabolically benign normal weight, at-risk normal weight, metabolically benign obese, and at-risk obese women using components of the ATP III definition of the metabolic syndrome (metabolically benign: ≤1 of the four components; at-risk phenotype: ≥2 components or diabetes). RESULTS Overall, 382/699 normal-weight women (54.6%) and 328/1,194 overweight/obese women (27.5%) were metabolically benign. Among normal-weight women, at-risk women had higher leptin and lower adiponectin levels compared to metabolically benign women; multivariate-adjusted odds ratios were significant for having leptin (OR: 2.51; 95% CI: 1.28-5.01) and resistin (1.46; 1.03-2.07) in the top tertile and adiponectin in the bottom tertile (2.64; 1.81-3.84). Compared to metabolically benign overweight/obese women, at-risk obese women had higher odds of having leptin in the top tertile (1.62; 1.24-2.12) and adiponectin in the bottom tertile (2.78; 2.04-3.77). CONCLUSIONS Overall, metabolically benign overweight/obese women had an intermediate adipokine profile (between at-risk obese and metabolically benign normal-weight women), whereas at-risk normal-weight women had a less favorable profile compared to metabolically benign normal-weight women. As adiponectin was the only adipokine independent of BMI, it may be most likely to have a role in the etiological pathway of these phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Unab I Khan
- Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
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Peppa M, Koliaki C, Boutati E, Garoflos E, Papaefstathiou A, Siafakas N, Katsilambros N, Raptis SA, Hadjidakis DI, Dimitriadis GD. Association of lean body mass with cardiometabolic risk factors in healthy postmenopausal women. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2014; 22:828-35. [PMID: 23512933 DOI: 10.1002/oby.20389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2012] [Accepted: 01/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Aim of this study was to investigate the association of total and regional lean body mass (LBM) with cardiometabolic risk factors in healthy obese and nonobese postmenopausal women. METHODS A total of 150 postmenopausal women (age 54 ± 7 years, BMI 29.6 ± 5.8 kg/m2) underwent a comprehensive assessment of cardiometabolic risk, including metabolic syndrome (MS). Body composition analysis was performed with Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry, and multiple height-adjusted indices of total and regional LBM were evaluated. RESULTS After controlling for age, diet, physical activity, and total fat mass, most indices of total, central, and peripheral LBM displayed significant positive correlations with cardiometabolic risk factors. Most associations were no longer significant after controlling for waist circumference, with the only exception of lean mass in the arms, which remained significantly associated with the presence and severity of MS (number of MS abnormalities), independently of central adiposity. A significant additive interaction was found between lean mass in the arms and waist circumference in increasing the prevalence of MS. CONCLUSIONS LBM is unfavorably associated with cardiometabolic risk factors in healthy postmenopausal women. Whether LBM, especially in arms, is associated with cardiometabolic health independently of central fat distribution in postmenopausal women, merits further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melpomeni Peppa
- Endocrine Unit, Second Department of Internal Medicine-Propaedeutic, Research Institute and Diabetes Center, Attikon University Hospital, Athens University Medical School, Athens, Greece
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Lee YS, Asai M, Choi SS, Yonezawa T, Teruya T, Nagai K, Woo JT, Cha BY. Nobiletin Prevents Body Weight Gain and Bone Loss in Ovariectomized C57BL/6J Mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.4236/pp.2014.510108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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The adipokines and inflammatory marker in young type 2 diabetics with metabolic syndrome: A pilot study. Obes Res Clin Pract 2013; 7:e206-10. [PMID: 23697589 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2011.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2011] [Revised: 11/11/2011] [Accepted: 12/08/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) concept was to early identify subjects having risk for developing cardiovascular diseases and diabetes, which of both are involved in low grade inflammation and obesity. We wish to explore the role of adipokines and inflammatory marker in young type 2 diabetics (YDM) with MetS. METHODS Forty-eight YDM patients were divided to 2 and 3 groups according to the presence of the MetS (MetS+ and MetS-), and the numbers of MetS component (MetS-2 to MetS-4 with 1-2, 3, and 4-5 components) respectively. Plasma adipokines (tumor necrosis factor-α; TNF-α and adiponectin) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured and compared among groups. RESULTS Blood pressure (BP), body mass index (BMI), and plasma triglyceride (TG) levels were higher in the group with MetS+ than that of MetS-. Except for diastolic BP, BMI, waist, and plasma TG levels, which were generally lower in the MetS-2 group, the rest demographic characteristics were not different among these three groups. Finally, the plasma adiponectin, CRP and TNF-αlevels were not different between both groups with or without MetS; and also among these three groups regardless the component numbers they had. CONCLUSION YDM with MetS might have non-significant lower adiponectin and higher CRP levels compared to subjects without MetS. It needs prospective study with larger scale to explicit the role of cytokines and inflammatory markers in YDM with MetS.
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Differences in body composition between metabolically healthy obese and metabolically abnormal obese adults. Int J Obes (Lond) 2013; 38:1142-5. [PMID: 24216712 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2013.208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Revised: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Potential differences in body composition between metabolically healthy obese (MHO) and metabolically abnormal obese (OA) adults were explored with 395 obese adults from the Pennington Center Longitudinal Study (18-68 years). Adults were classified as OA (≥2 risk factors: blood pressure ≥130/85 mmHg; triglycerides ≥150 mg dl(-1); high-density lipoprotein cholesterol: men <40, women <50 mg dl(-1); fasting glucose ≥100 mg dl(-1); waist circumference: ≥102 cm men, women ≥88 cm) or MHO (<2 risk factors). Whole-body bone mineral density and content, percent body fat, fat mass, lean mass and trunk adipose tissue mass were measured with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Visceral (VAT), subcutaneous (SAT) and total abdominal adipose tissue (TAT) were measured with computed tomography. Gender-specific general linear regression models were used to determine differences in body composition between MHO and OA controlling for age, race, smoking status and menopause status. In men, MHO had lower fat mass (kg and %), trunk adipose tissue, VAT, SAT, TAT and lean mass compared with OA. MHO women had lower fat mass (kg), lean mass, trunk adipose tissue, VAT and TAT when compared with OA women. In conclusion, OA and MHO cardiometabolic profiles are characterized by differences in body composition consistent between genders.
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Barsalani R, Brochu M, Dionne IJ. Is there a skeletal muscle mass threshold associated with the deterioration of insulin sensitivity in sedentary lean to obese postmenopausal women? Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2013; 102:123-8. [PMID: 24120357 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2013.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Revised: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
AIM The purpose of this study was to determine an optimal cut-off point of skeletal muscle mass, using appendicular lean body mass (LBM) index, that identifies at risk individuals with deteriorated insulin sensitivity, using an established quantitative insulin sensitivity index (QUICKI) cut-off. METHODS We performed a cross-sectional analysis in 231 lean and obese (BMI: 18.7-51.0 kg/m(2)) menopausal women. Fasting plasma glucose and insulin were obtained to calculate QUICKI as an index of insulin sensitivity. Skeletal muscle mass was measured as appendicular LBM by DXA and expressed as appendicular LBM index [appendicular LBM (kg)/height (m(2))]. Cut-offs were determined using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses. RESULTS The best cut-off value for skeletal muscle mass index to identify menopausal women with reduced insulin sensitivity was 7.025 kg/m(2) which had a sensitivity of 69.5% and specificity of 58.2%. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that sedentary postmenopausal women with an appendicular skeletal muscle mass index above 7.025 kg/m(2) may be at greater risk of insulin resistance. Prospective studies are needed to validate our result.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razieh Barsalani
- Research Center on Aging, University of Sherbrooke, QC, Canada; Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
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Hanks LJ, Tanner RM, Muntner P, Kramer H, McClellan WM, Warnock DG, Judd SE, Gutiérrez OM. Metabolic subtypes and risk of mortality in normal weight, overweight, and obese individuals with CKD. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2013; 8:2064-71. [PMID: 24178980 DOI: 10.2215/cjn.00140113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Higher body mass index (BMI) is paradoxically associated with lower mortality in persons with CKD, but whether cardiometabolic abnormalities modulate this association is unclear. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS Participants with CKD from the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study (n=4374) were analyzed. The harmonized criteria for metabolic syndrome were used to define metabolic health, and participants were categorized into one of six mutually exclusive categories defined by combined measures of metabolic health (metabolically healthy, <3 criteria for metabolic syndrome; metabolically unhealthy, ≥3 criteria) and weight status (normal weight, BMI 18.5-24.9 kg/m(2); overweight, BMI 25-29.9 kg/m(2); obese, BMI ≥30 kg/m(2)). Cox models were used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) of death as a function of each category. RESULTS A total of 683 deaths were observed over a mean 4.5 years of follow-up. In analyses adjusted for age, race, sex, and geographic region of residence, compared with metabolically healthy normal weight persons, the HRs of mortality in metabolically healthy overweight and obese persons were 0.68 (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.53 to 0.87) and 0.71 (95% CI, 0.51 to 0.98), respectively, whereas there were no statistically significant differences in survival among metabolically unhealthy overweight or obese individuals. After further adjustment for lifestyle, clinical and laboratory factors including markers of kidney function, the HR of mortality remained lower in metabolically healthy overweight individuals compared with metabolically healthy normal weight individuals (HR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.57 to 0.96). CONCLUSIONS Metabolic abnormalities may attenuate the magnitude and strength of survival benefits associated with higher BMI in individuals with CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynae J Hanks
- Departments of Medicine, , †Nutrition Sciences, , ‡Epidemiology, and , ¶Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; , §Department of Preventive Medicine, Loyola University, Maywood, Illinois, ‖Departments of Epidemiology and Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
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MIAO YULIAN, REN JIANMIN, JIANG LING, LIU JINBO, JIANG BEI, ZHANG XIAOLI. α-lipoic acid attenuates obesity-associated hippocampal neuroinflammation and increases the levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in ovariectomized rats fed a high-fat diet. Int J Mol Med 2013; 32:1179-86. [DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2013.1482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Ogorodnikova AD, Khan UI, McGinn AP, Zeb I, Budoff MJ, Harman SM, Miller VM, Brinton EA, Manson JE, Hodis HN, Merriam GR, Cedars MI, Taylor HS, Naftolin F, Lobo RA, Santoro N, Wildman RP. Ectopic fat and adipokines in metabolically benign overweight/obese women: the Kronos Early Estrogen Prevention Study. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2013; 21:1726-33. [PMID: 23670850 PMCID: PMC3748250 DOI: 10.1002/oby.20200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2012] [Accepted: 11/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It is unclear why despite a comparable cardiometabolic risk profile, "metabolically benign" overweight/obese individuals show an elevated risk of cardiovascular disease compared to normal weight individuals. DESIGN AND METHODS In cross-sectional analyses, we compared levels of ectopic fat (epicardial, pericardial, and hepatic fat) and adipokines (leptin, soluble leptin receptor, and high molecular weight [HMW] adiponectin) among metabolically benign (MBO) and at-risk overweight/obese (ARO), and metabolically benign normal weight (MBNW) women, screened for the Kronos Early Estrogen Prevention Study. We defined "metabolically benign" with ≤ 1, and "at-risk" with ≥2 components of the metabolic syndrome. RESULTS Compared to MBO women, ARO women had significantly elevated odds of being in the top tertile of epicardial fat (OR: 1.76, 95% CI: 1.04-2.99), hepatic fat (OR: 1.90, 95% CI:1.12-3.24) and leptin (OR: 2.15, 95% CI: 1.23-3.76), and the bottom tertile of HMW-adiponectin (OR: 2.90, 95% CI: 1.62-5.19). Compared to MBNW women, MBO women had significantly higher odds of being in the top tertile of epicardial fat (OR: 5.17, 95% CI: 3.22-8.29), pericardial fat (OR: 9.27, 95% CI: 5.52-15.56) and hepatic fat (OR: 2.72, 95% CI: 1.77-4.19) and the bottom tertile of HMW adiponectin levels (OR: 2.51, 95% CI: 1.60-3.94). CONCLUSIONS Levels of ectopic fat and the adverse adipokine profile increase on a continuum of BMI, suggesting that the metabolically benign phenotype may be a transient state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra D Ogorodnikova
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
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Response. Exerc Sport Sci Rev 2013; 41:183. [PMID: 23792492 DOI: 10.1097/jes.0b013e318292f1a2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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