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Barbosa BJAP, Souza-Talarico JND, Jesus MCFD, Mota GPS, Oliveira MOD, Cassimiro L, Avolio IMB, Trés ES, Borges CR, Teixeira TBM, Brucki SMD. Allostatic load measures in older adults with subjective cognitive decline and mild cognitive impairment: A cross-sectional analysis from the Brazilian Memory and Aging Study. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2024; 243:108365. [PMID: 38852227 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2024.108365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION An increasing body of research suggests that stress and allostatic load are related to cognitive dysfunction and neurodegeneration. OBJECTIVES to determine the relationship between allostatic load (AL) and cognitive status in older adults classified with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). METHODOLOGY Using the Brazilian Memory and Aging Study (BRAMS) database, we analyzed data from 57 older adults with SCD and MCI. Blood neuroendocrine (cortisol, DHEA-s), inflammatory (C-reactive protein, fibrinogen), metabolic (HbA1c, HDL-cholesterol, total cholesterol, creatinine), and cardiovascular (blood pressure, waist/hip ratio) were transformed into an AL index. RESULTS Despite a significant difference in the univariate analysis between waist/hip ratio (0.94 in the MCI group vs. 0, 88 in the SCD group, p = 0.03), total cholesterol levels (194 vs. 160, p = 0.02), and AL index (36.9 % in the MCI group vs. 27.2 % in the SCD group, p = 0.04), AL was not associated with SCD or MCI in the multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that different profiles of AL in MCI compared to individuals with SCD could be due to cofounding factors. These findings need to be confirmed in longitudinal studies investigating profiles of AL changes at preclinical and prodromal stages of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Breno José Alencar Pires Barbosa
- University of São Paulo, School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, São Paulo, Brazil; Federal University of Pernambuco, Centro de Ciências Médicas, Área Acadêmica de Neuropsiquiatria, Recife, Brazil.
| | - Juliana Nery de Souza-Talarico
- University of São Paulo, School of Nursing, Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, São Paulo, Brazil; The University of Iowa, College of Nursing, IA, USA.
| | | | | | | | - Luciana Cassimiro
- University of São Paulo, School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Conrado Regis Borges
- University of São Paulo, School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Feng L, Ye Z, Du Z, Pan Y, Canida T, Ke H, Liu S, Chen S, Hong LE, Kochunov P, Chen J, Lei DK, Shenassa E, Ma T. Association between allostatic load and accelerated white matter brain aging: findings from the UK Biobank. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.01.26.24301793. [PMID: 38343822 PMCID: PMC10854327 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.26.24301793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
White matter (WM) brain age, a neuroimaging-derived biomarker indicating WM microstructural changes, helps predict dementia and neurodegenerative disorder risks. The cumulative effect of chronic stress on WM brain aging remains unknown. In this study, we assessed cumulative stress using a multi-system composite allostatic load (AL) index based on inflammatory, anthropometric, respiratory, lipidemia, and glucose metabolism measures, and investigated its association with WM brain age gap (BAG), computed from diffusion tensor imaging data using a machine learning model, among 22 951 European ancestries aged 40 to 69 (51.40% women) from UK Biobank. Linear regression, Mendelian randomization, along with inverse probability weighting and doubly robust methods, were used to evaluate the impact of AL on WM BAG adjusting for age, sex, socioeconomic, and lifestyle behaviors. We found increasing one AL score unit significantly increased WM BAG by 0.29 years in association analysis and by 0.33 years in Mendelian analysis. The age- and sex-stratified analysis showed consistent results among participants 45-54 and 55-64 years old, with no significant sex difference. This study demonstrated that higher chronic stress was significantly associated with accelerated brain aging, highlighting the importance of stress management in reducing dementia and neurodegenerative disease risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Feng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Zhenyao Ye
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Zewen Du
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Yezhi Pan
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Travis Canida
- Department of Mathematics, The college of Computer, Mathematical, and Natural Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Hongjie Ke
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Song Liu
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shuo Chen
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - L. Elliot Hong
- Louis A. Faillace Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Peter Kochunov
- Louis A. Faillace Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - David K.Y. Lei
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Edmond Shenassa
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
- Maternal & Child Health Program, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, Rhode Island, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Tianzhou Ma
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
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Mosconi L, Williams S, Carlton C, Zarate C, Boneu C, Fauci F, Ajila T, Nerattini M, Jett S, Andy C, Battista M, Pahlajani S, Osborne J, Brinton RD, Dyke JP. Sex-specific associations of serum cortisol with brain biomarkers of Alzheimer's risk. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5519. [PMID: 38448497 PMCID: PMC10918173 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56071-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence implicates chronic psychological stress as a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Herein, we examined the relationships between serum cortisol and multimodality brain AD biomarkers in 277 cognitively normal midlife individuals at risk for AD. Overall, higher cortisol was associated with lower total brain volume, lower glucose metabolism (CMRglc) in frontal cortex, and higher β-amyloid (Aβ) load in AD-vulnerable regions; and marginally associated with phosphocreatine to ATP ratios (PCr/ATP) in precuneus and parietal regions. Sex-specific modification effects were noted: in women, cortisol exhibited stronger associations with Aβ load and frontal CMRglc, the latter being more pronounced postmenopause. In men, cortisol exhibited stronger associations with gray matter volume and PCr/ATP measures. Higher cortisol was associated with poorer delayed memory in men but not in women. Results were adjusted for age, Apolipoprotein E (APOE) epsilon 4 status, midlife health factors, and hormone therapy use. These results suggest sex-specific neurophysiological responses to stress, and support a role for stress reduction in AD prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Mosconi
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA.
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Schantel Williams
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Caroline Carlton
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Camila Zarate
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Camila Boneu
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Francesca Fauci
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Trisha Ajila
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Matilde Nerattini
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
- Department of Clinical Pathophysiology, Nuclear Medicine Unit, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Steven Jett
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Caroline Andy
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael Battista
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Silky Pahlajani
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joseph Osborne
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Roberta Diaz Brinton
- Department of Neurology and Pharmacology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Jonathan P Dyke
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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Schilliger Z, Alemán-Gómez Y, Magnus Smith M, Celen Z, Meuleman B, Binz PA, Steullet P, Do KQ, Conus P, Merglen A, Piguet C, Dwir D, Klauser P. Sex-specific interactions between stress axis and redox balance are associated with internalizing symptoms and brain white matter microstructure in adolescents. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:30. [PMID: 38233401 PMCID: PMC10794182 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02728-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Adolescence is marked by the maturation of systems involved in emotional regulation and by an increased risk for internalizing disorders (anxiety/depression), especially in females. Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA)-axis function and redox homeostasis (balance between reactive oxygen species and antioxidants) have both been associated with internalizing disorders and may represent critical factors for the development of brain networks of emotional regulation. However, sex-specific interactions between these factors and internalizing symptoms and their link with brain maturation remain unexplored. We investigated in a cohort of adolescents aged 13-15 from the general population (n = 69) whether sex-differences in internalizing symptoms were associated with the glutathione (GSH)-redox cycle homeostasis and HPA-axis function and if these parameters were associated with brain white matter microstructure development. Female adolescents displayed higher levels of internalizing symptoms, GSH-peroxidase (GPx) activity and cortisol/11-deoxycortisol ratio than males. There was a strong correlation between GPx and GSH-reductase (Gred) activities in females only. The cortisol/11-deoxycortisol ratio, related to the HPA-axis activity, was associated with internalizing symptoms in both sexes, whereas GPx activity was associated with internalizing symptoms in females specifically. The cortisol/11-deoxycortisol ratio mediated sex-differences in internalizing symptoms and the association between anxiety and GPx activity in females specifically. In females, GPx activity was positively associated with generalized fractional anisotropy in widespread white matter brain regions. We found that higher levels of internalizing symptoms in female adolescents than in males relate to sex-differences in HPA-axis function. In females, our results suggest an important interplay between HPA-axis function and GSH-homeostasis, a parameter strongly associated with brain white matter microstructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoé Schilliger
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Service of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yasser Alemán-Gómez
- Connectomics Lab, Department of Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mariana Magnus Smith
- Division of General Pediatrics, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Zeynep Celen
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ben Meuleman
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Pierre-Alain Binz
- Service of Clinical Chemistry, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Steullet
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kim Q Do
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Conus
- Service of General Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Arnaud Merglen
- Division of General Pediatrics, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Camille Piguet
- Division of General Pediatrics, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Daniella Dwir
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Paul Klauser
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Service of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Merz EC, Myers B, Hansen M, Simon KR, Strack J, Noble KG. Socioeconomic Disparities in Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Regulation and Prefrontal Cortical Structure. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY GLOBAL OPEN SCIENCE 2024; 4:83-96. [PMID: 38090738 PMCID: PMC10714216 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsgos.2023.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Socioeconomic disadvantage during childhood predicts an increased risk for mental health problems across the life span. Socioeconomic disadvantage shapes multiple aspects of children's proximal environments and increases exposure to chronic stressors. Drawing from multiple literatures, we propose that childhood socioeconomic disadvantage may lead to adaptive changes in the regulation of stress response systems including the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. These changes, in turn, affect the development of prefrontal cortical (PFC) circuitry responsible for top-down control over cognitive and emotional processes. Translational findings indicate that chronic stress reduces dendritic complexity and spine density in the medial PFC and anterior cingulate cortex, in part through altered HPA axis regulation. Socioeconomic disadvantage has frequently been associated with reduced gray matter in the dorsolateral and ventrolateral PFC and anterior cingulate cortex and lower fractional anisotropy in the superior longitudinal fasciculus, cingulum bundle, and uncinate fasciculus during middle childhood and adolescence. Evidence of socioeconomic disparities in hair cortisol concentrations in children has accumulated, although null findings have been reported. Coupled with links between cortisol levels and reduced gray matter in the PFC and anterior cingulate cortex, these results support mechanistic roles for the HPA axis and these PFC circuits. Future longitudinal studies should simultaneously consider multiple dimensions of proximal factors, including cognitive stimulation, while focusing on epigenetic processes and genetic moderators to elucidate how socioeconomic context may influence the HPA axis and PFC circuitry involved in cognitive and emotional control. These findings, which point to modifiable factors, can be harnessed to inform policy and more effective prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily C. Merz
- Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Brent Myers
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Melissa Hansen
- Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Katrina R. Simon
- Department of Biobehavioral Sciences, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Jordan Strack
- Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Kimberly G. Noble
- Department of Biobehavioral Sciences, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, New York
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Anguah KOB, Christ SE. Exposure to written content eliciting weight stigmatization: Neural responses in appetitive and food reward regions. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2024; 32:80-90. [PMID: 37861062 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Neural activity in food reward- and appetite-related regions was examined in response to high-calorie (HC), low-calorie, and non-food pictures after exposure to written weight stigma (WS) content. Relationships with eating behavior (by Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire [TFEQ]), blood glucose, and subjective appetite were also explored. METHODS Adults with overweight and obesity were randomized to read either a WS (n = 20) or control (n = 20) article and subsequently underwent brain scans while they rated pleasantness of food pictures. Fasting glucose, TFEQ, stigma experiences, and appetite were measured before reading the article, appetite after reading, and glucose and appetite again after the scan. RESULTS A priori region of interest analyses revealed significant group differences in activation to HC > low-calorie food cues in the caudate and thalamus whereas exploratory whole-brain analyses suggested significant differences in regions including left insula, left thalamus, left inferior temporal gyrus, right lingual gyrus, and bilateral middle occipital gyrus and superior parietal lobule (p < 0.005 uncorrected, k ≥ 200 m3 ). No significant relationships were observed between the pattern of activation and TFEQ, glucose, or subjective appetite in the WS group. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to WS was associated with increased responsiveness to HC food content in the dorsal striatum and thalamus in individuals with overweight and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherene O B Anguah
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Shawn E Christ
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
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Arcego DM, Buschdorf JP, O'Toole N, Wang Z, Barth B, Pokhvisneva I, Rayan NA, Patel S, de Mendonça Filho EJ, Lee P, Tan J, Koh MX, Sim CM, Parent C, de Lima RMS, Clappison A, O'Donnell KJ, Dalmaz C, Arloth J, Provençal N, Binder EB, Diorio J, Silveira PP, Meaney MJ. A Glucocorticoid-Sensitive Hippocampal Gene Network Moderates the Impact of Early-Life Adversity on Mental Health Outcomes. Biol Psychiatry 2024; 95:48-61. [PMID: 37406925 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early stress increases the risk for psychiatric disorders. Glucocorticoids are stress mediators that regulate transcriptional activity and morphology in the hippocampus, which is implicated in the pathophysiology of multiple psychiatric conditions. We aimed to establish the relevance of hippocampal glucocorticoid-induced transcriptional activity as a mediator of the effects of early life on later psychopathology in humans. METHODS RNA sequencing was performed with anterior and posterior hippocampal dentate gyrus from adult female macaques (n = 12/group) that were chronically treated with betamethasone (glucocorticoid receptor agonist) or vehicle. Coexpression network analysis identified a preserved gene network in the posterior hippocampal dentate gyrus that was strongly associated with glucocorticoid exposure. The single nucleotide polymorphisms in the genes in this network were used to create an expression-based polygenic score in humans. RESULTS The expression-based polygenic score significantly moderated the association between early adversity and psychotic disorders in adulthood (UK Biobank, women, n = 44,519) and on child peer relations (ALSPAC [Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children], girls, n = 1666 for 9-year-olds and n = 1594 for 11-year-olds), an endophenotype for later psychosis. Analyses revealed that this network was enriched for glucocorticoid-induced epigenetic remodeling in human hippocampal cells. We also found a significant association between single nucleotide polymorphisms from the expression-based polygenic score and adult brain gray matter density. CONCLUSIONS We provide an approach for the use of transcriptomic data from animal models together with human data to study the impact of environmental influences on mental health. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that hippocampal glucocorticoid-related transcriptional activity mediates the effects of early adversity on neural mechanisms implicated in psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danusa Mar Arcego
- Douglas Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Jan-Paul Buschdorf
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Nicholas O'Toole
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Zihan Wang
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Barbara Barth
- Douglas Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Irina Pokhvisneva
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Sachin Patel
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Patrick Lee
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Jennifer Tan
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Ming Xuan Koh
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Chu Ming Sim
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Carine Parent
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Andrew Clappison
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Kieran J O'Donnell
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Yale Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Carla Dalmaz
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Janine Arloth
- Department Genes and Environment, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany; Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Nadine Provençal
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada; BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Elisabeth B Binder
- Department Genes and Environment, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Josie Diorio
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Patrícia Pelufo Silveira
- Douglas Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Michael J Meaney
- Douglas Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Translational Neuroscience Program, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Singapore, Republic of Singapore; Brain Body Initiative, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore, Republic of Singapore; Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Republic of Singapore
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Nader MM, Cosarderelioglu C, Miao E, Whitson H, Xue QL, Grodstein F, Oh E, Ferrucci L, Bennett DA, Walston JD, George C, Abadir PM. Navigating and diagnosing cognitive frailty in research and clinical domains. NATURE AGING 2023; 3:1325-1333. [PMID: 37845509 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-023-00504-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
While physical frailty has been recognized as a clinical entity for some time, the concept of cognitive frailty (CF) is now gaining increasing attention in the geriatrics research community. CF refers to the co-occurrence of physical frailty and cognitive impairment in older adults, which has been suggested as a potential precursor to both dementia and adverse physical outcomes. However, this condition represents a challenge for researchers and clinicians, as there remains a lack of consensus regarding the definition and diagnostic criteria for CF, which has limited its utility. Here, using insights from both the physical frailty literature and cognitive science research, we describe emerging research on CF. We highlight areas of agreement as well as areas of confusion and remaining knowledge gaps, and provide our perspective on fine-tuning the current construct, aiming to stimulate further discussion in this developing field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica M Nader
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Caglar Cosarderelioglu
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Ankara University School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Emily Miao
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, New York, NY, USA
| | - Heather Whitson
- Duke University School of Medicine, Center for the Study of Aging, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Qian-Li Xue
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Johns Hopkins University Center on Aging and Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Francine Grodstein
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Esther Oh
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jeremy D Walston
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Claudene George
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, New York, NY, USA
| | - Peter M Abadir
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Zhu M, Pan G, Luo F, Sui S, Zhang Y. Modified Suanzaoren decoction in treating post-stroke cognitive impairment with comorbid insomnia symptoms: A clinical trial. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e35239. [PMID: 37800827 PMCID: PMC10553162 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000035239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive impairment and insomnia are common complications for stroke patients, and often coexist without effective therapy. Modified Suanzaoren decoction (M-SZRD), derived from a famous classic prescription, has been used as an alternative treatment for these patients. The objective of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of M-SZRD in treating post-stroke cognitive impairment with comorbid insomnia symptoms. METHODS A total of 80 participants were randomly assigned into 2 groups to 40 cases in the treatment group (treated with modified Suanzaoren decoction) and 40 cases in the control group (treated with zolpidem). The intervention period was 4 weeks. Cognitive function, sleep quality, depression, and anxiety disorders were evaluated in both groups before and after treatment. Clinical assessment of patients with stroke included National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale and Barthel Index evaluations. Hormone levels of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal and hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis were also measured. RESULTS Out of the total 80 participants, 5 withdrew during the experiment and did not complete the study, leaving 75 patients for analysis to 38 in the treatment group and 37 in the control group. The findings showed that M-SZRD was more effective than the control group in improving cognitive function (P = .006). However, both groups were found to have a similar effect in improving insomnia (P = .323). There was no significant difference between the 2 groups in terms of activities of daily living and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale improvement. M-SZRD was superior to the control group in improving depression state (P = .034), but when including dropouts in the intention-to-treat analysis, the difference was not statistically significant (P = .150). Furthermore, the M-SZRD group was better than the control group in reducing cortisol levels (P = .036), and the improvement in serum-free triiodothyronine (FT3) levels was also more significant in the M-SZRD group than in the control group (P = .0007). CONCLUSION M-SZRD is a more effective treatment for improving cognitive function in patients with post-stroke cognitive impairment and comorbid insomnia symptoms, possibly by regulating the cortisol levels of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and FT3 levels of the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjin Zhu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guoyua Pan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fang Luo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuyan Sui
- Department of Neurology, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yonghua Zhang
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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10
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Soteros BM, Tillmon H, Wollet M, General J, Chin H, Lee JB, Carreno FR, Morilak DA, Kim JH, Sia GM. Heterogeneous complement and microglia activation mediates stress-induced synapse loss. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.28.546889. [PMID: 37425856 PMCID: PMC10327081 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.28.546889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Spatially heterogeneous synapse loss is a characteristic of many psychiatric and neurological disorders, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Here, we show that spatially-restricted complement activation mediates stress-induced heterogeneous microglia activation and synapse loss localized to the upper layers of the mouse medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Single cell RNA sequencing also reveals a stress-associated microglia state marked by high expression of the apolipoprotein E gene (ApoE high ) localized to the upper layers of the mPFC. Mice lacking complement component C3 are protected from stress-induced layer-specific synapse loss, and the ApoE high microglia population is markedly reduced in the mPFC of these mice. Furthermore, C3 knockout mice are also resilient to stress-induced anhedonia and working memory behavioral deficits. Our findings suggest that region-specific complement and microglia activation can contribute to the disease-specific spatially restricted patterns of synapse loss and clinical symptoms found in many brain diseases.
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11
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Stadtler H, Neigh GN. Sex Differences in the Neurobiology of Stress. Psychiatr Clin North Am 2023; 46:427-446. [PMID: 37500242 DOI: 10.1016/j.psc.2023.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
This review highlights the existing knowledge and data that explain the physiologic impacts of stress, especially pertaining to neurobiology, and how these impacts differ by sex. Furthermore, this review explains the benefits of interventions aimed at preventing or mitigating the adverse effects of stress, because of both the significant toll of stress on the body and the disproportionate impact of these changes experienced by women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Stadtler
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, 1101 East Marshall Street Box 980709, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Gretchen N Neigh
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, 1101 East Marshall Street Box 980709, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
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12
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Guarnera J, Yuen E, Macpherson H. The Impact of Loneliness and Social Isolation on Cognitive Aging: A Narrative Review. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2023; 7:699-714. [PMID: 37483321 PMCID: PMC10357115 DOI: 10.3233/adr-230011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Social concepts such as loneliness and social isolation are fairly new factors that have been recently gaining attention as to their involvement in changes in cognitive function and association with dementia. The primary aim of this narrative review was to describe the current understanding of how loneliness and social isolation influence cognitive aging and how they are linked to dementia. Studies have shown that there is an association between loneliness, social isolation, and reduced cognitive function, in older adults, across multiple cognitive domains, as well as a heightened risk of dementia. Numerous changes to underlying neural biomechanisms including cortisol secretion and brain volume alterations (e.g., white/grey matter, hippocampus) may contribute to these relationships. However, due to poor quality research, mixed and inconclusive findings, and issues accurately defining and measuring loneliness and social isolation, more consistent high-quality interventions are needed to determine whether studies addressing loneliness and social isolation can impact longer term risk of dementia. This is especially important given the long-term impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on social isolation in older people is yet to be fully understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jade Guarnera
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Eva Yuen
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Quality and Patient Safety-Monash Health Partnership, Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Helen Macpherson
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
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13
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Xu Y, Sun X, Liu Y, Huang Y, Liang M, Sun R, Yin G, Song C, Ding Q, Du B, Bi X. Prediction of subjective cognitive decline after corpus callosum infarction by an interpretable machine learning-derived early warning strategy. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1123607. [PMID: 37416313 PMCID: PMC10321713 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1123607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose Corpus callosum (CC) infarction is an extremely rare subtype of cerebral ischemic stroke, however, the symptoms of cognitive impairment often fail to attract early attention of patients, which seriously affects the long-term prognosis, such as high mortality, personality changes, mood disorders, psychotic reactions, financial burden and so on. This study seeks to develop and validate models for early predicting the risk of subjective cognitive decline (SCD) after CC infarction by machine learning (ML) algorithms. Methods This is a prospective study that enrolled 213 (only 3.7%) CC infarction patients from a nine-year cohort comprising 8,555 patients with acute ischemic stroke. Telephone follow-up surveys were carried out for the patients with definite diagnosis of CC infarction one-year after disease onset, and SCD was identified by Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) questionnaire. Based on the significant features selected by the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), seven ML models including Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), Logistic Regression (LR), Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LightGBM), Adaptive Boosting (AdaBoost), Gaussian Naïve Bayes (GNB), Complement Naïve Bayes (CNB), and Support vector machine (SVM) were established and their predictive performances were compared by different metrics. Importantly, the SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) was also utilized to examine internal behavior of the highest-performance ML classifier. Results The Logistic Regression (LR)-model performed better than other six ML-models in SCD predictability after the CC infarction, with the area under the receiver characteristic operator curve (AUC) of 77.1% in the validation set. Using LASSO and SHAP analysis, we found that infarction subregions of CC infarction, female, 3-month modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score, age, homocysteine, location of angiostenosis, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, pure CC infarction, and number of angiostenosis were the top-nine significant predictors in the order of importance for the output of LR-model. Meanwhile, we identified that infarction subregion of CC, female, 3-month mRS score and pure CC infarction were the factors which independently associated with the cognitive outcome. Conclusion Our study firstly demonstrated that the LR-model with 9 common variables has the best-performance to predict the risk of post-stroke SCD due to CC infarcton. Particularly, the combination of LR-model and SHAP-explainer could aid in achieving personalized risk prediction and be served as a decision-making tool for early intervention since its poor long-term outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Bingying Du
- *Correspondence: Bingying Du, ; Xiaoying Bi,
| | - Xiaoying Bi
- *Correspondence: Bingying Du, ; Xiaoying Bi,
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14
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Zilioli S, Jiang Y, Byrd D, Joseph N. Lifetime discrimination, habitual and daily everyday discrimination, and diurnal cortisol among older African Americans adults. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2023; 152:106089. [PMID: 36965461 PMCID: PMC10164111 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2023.106089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023]
Abstract
Experiences of discrimination can be major life events or daily chronic hassles that occur in various social contexts (e.g., housing, education, employment) and have been found to predict adverse health outcomes, including dysregulation of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis. Previous work on daily cortisol dynamics has generally revealed an association between discrimination and flatter cortisol slopes, particularly among racial minorities. However, most of the existing studies have focused on youth and young adults, with little work among older adults. The current study aimed to investigate the relationship between three measures of discrimination (lifetime discrimination, habitual everyday discrimination, and daily everyday discrimination) and diurnal cortisol secretion in a sample of 203 older African Americans. Study results indicated that individuals reporting higher levels of lifetime discrimination experienced morning hypocortisolism and flatter diurnal cortisol slopes. Exploratory analyses also showed that prior daily everyday discrimination was significantly associated with blunted cortisol awakening response (CAR) the next day. Our findings underline the role of discrimination in modulating daily cortisol dynamics among older African American adults and advance knowledge on how social stressors influence healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuele Zilioli
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, United States; Department of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences, Wayne State University, United States.
| | - Yanping Jiang
- Institute for Health, Health Care Policy and Aging Research, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, United States; Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, United States
| | - DeAnnah Byrd
- Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovative, Arizona State University, United States; Center of Innovative, Healthy, and Resilient Aging, Arizona State University, United States
| | - Nataria Joseph
- Department of Psychology, Pepperdine University, United States
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15
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Dronse J, Ohndorf A, Richter N, Bischof GN, Fassbender R, Behfar Q, Gramespacher H, Dillen K, Jacobs HIL, Kukolja J, Fink GR, Onur OA. Serum cortisol is negatively related to hippocampal volume, brain structure, and memory performance in healthy aging and Alzheimer's disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1154112. [PMID: 37251803 PMCID: PMC10213232 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1154112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Elevated cortisol levels have been frequently reported in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and linked to brain atrophy, especially of the hippocampus. Besides, high cortisol levels have been shown to impair memory performance and increase the risk of developing AD in healthy individuals. We investigated the associations between serum cortisol levels, hippocampal volume, gray matter volume and memory performance in healthy aging and AD. Methods In our cross-sectional study, we analyzed the relationships between morning serum cortisol levels, verbal memory performance, hippocampal volume, and whole-brain voxel-wise gray matter volume in an independent sample of 29 healthy seniors (HS) and 29 patients along the spectrum of biomarker-based AD. Results Cortisol levels were significantly elevated in patients with AD as compared to HS, and higher cortisol levels were correlated with worse memory performance in AD. Furthermore, higher cortisol levels were significantly associated with smaller left hippocampal volumes in HS and indirectly negatively correlated to memory function through hippocampal volume. Higher cortisol levels were further related to lower gray matter volume in the hippocampus and temporal and parietal areas in the left hemisphere in both groups. The strength of this association was similar in HS and AD. Conclusion In AD, cortisol levels are elevated and associated with worse memory performance. Furthermore, in healthy seniors, higher cortisol levels show a detrimental relationship with brain regions typically affected by AD. Thus, increased cortisol levels seem to be indirectly linked to worse memory function even in otherwise healthy individuals. Cortisol may therefore not only serve as a biomarker of increased risk for AD, but maybe even more importantly, as an early target for preventive and therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Dronse
- Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Jülich Research Centre, Jülich, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Anna Ohndorf
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Nils Richter
- Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Jülich Research Centre, Jülich, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Gérard N. Bischof
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Multimodal Neuroimaging Group, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ronja Fassbender
- Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Jülich Research Centre, Jülich, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Qumars Behfar
- Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Jülich Research Centre, Jülich, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hannes Gramespacher
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Kim Dillen
- Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Jülich Research Centre, Jülich, Germany
- Department of Palliative Medicine, Multimodal Neuroimaging Group, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Heidi I. L. Jacobs
- Department of Radiology, Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Centre Limburg, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Juraj Kukolja
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Helios University Hospital Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
- Faculty of Health Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | - Gereon R. Fink
- Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Jülich Research Centre, Jülich, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Oezguer A. Onur
- Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Jülich Research Centre, Jülich, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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16
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Meruelo AD, Timmins MA, Irwin MR, Coccaro EF. Salivary cortisol awakening levels are reduced in human subjects with intermittent explosive disorder compared with controls. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2023; 151:106070. [PMID: 36863129 PMCID: PMC10262314 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2023.106070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in human aggressive behavior is poorly characterized, though some studies report that, unlike depression, circulating or salivary levels of cortisol are low compared with controls. METHODS In this study, we collected three salivary cortisol levels (two in the morning and one in the evening) on three separate days in 78 adult study participants with (n = 28) and without (n = 52) prominent histories of impulsive aggressive behavior. Plasma C-Reactive Protein (CRP) and Interleukin-6 (IL-6) were also collected in most study participants. Aggressive study participants meet DSM-5 criteria for Intermittent Explosive Disorder (IED) while non-aggressive participants either had a history of a psychiatric disorder or no such history (Controls). RESULTS Morning, but not evening, salivary cortisol levels were significantly lower in IED (p < 0.05), compared with control, study participants. In addition, salivary cortisol levels correlated with measures of trait anger (partial r = -0.26, p < 0.05) and aggression (partial r = -0.25, p < 0.05) but not with measures of impulsivity, psychopathy, depression, history of childhood maltreatment, or other tested variables that often differ in individuals with IED. Finally, plasma CRP levels correlated inversely with morning salivary cortisol levels (partial r = -0.28, p < 0.05); plasma IL-6 levels showed a similar, though not statistically significant (rp = -0.20, p = 0.12) relationship with morning salivary cortisol levels. CONCLUSION The cortisol awakening response appears to be lower in individuals with IED compared with controls. In all study participants, morning salivary cortisol levels correlated inversely with trait anger, trait aggression, and plasma CRP, a marker of systemic inflammation. This suggests the present of a complex interaction between chronic-low level inflammation, the HPA axis, and IED that warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro D Meruelo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Matthew A Timmins
- Clinical Neuroscience and Psychotherapeutics Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Michael R Irwin
- Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences and Medicine, Norman Cousins Center, and Semel Institute, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Emil F Coccaro
- Clinical Neuroscience and Psychotherapeutics Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA.
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van der Velpen IF, de Feijter M, Raina R, Özel F, Perry M, Ikram MA, Vernooij MW, Luik AI. Psychosocial health modifies associations between HPA-axis function and brain structure in older age. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2023; 153:106106. [PMID: 37028139 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2023.106106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysregulation of the negative feedback loop of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis may have damaging effects on the brain, potentially under influence of psychosocial health factors. We studied associations between functioning of the negative feedback loop of HPA-axis, measured with a very low-dose dexamethasone suppression test (DST), and brain structure in middle-aged and older adults, and whether these associations were modified by psychosocial health. METHODS From 2006 to 2008, 1259 participants (mean age 57.6 ± 6.4, 59.6 % female) of the population-based Rotterdam Study completed a very low-dose DST (0.25 mg) and underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain. Self-reported psychosocial health (depressive symptoms, loneliness, marital status, perceived social support) were assessed in the same time period. Multivariable linear and logistic regression were used to study cross-sectional associations between cortisol response and brain volumetrics, cerebral small vessel disease markers and white matter structural integrity. To assess the effect of psychosocial health on these associations, analyses were further stratified for psychosocial health markers. RESULTS Cortisol response was not associated with markers of global brain structure in the overall study sample. However, in participants with clinically relevant depressive symptoms, a diminished cortisol response was associated with smaller white matter volume (mean difference: - 1.00 mL, 95 %CI = - 1.89;- 0.10) and smaller white matter hyperintensity volume (mean difference: - 0.03 mL (log), 95 %CI = - 0.05;0.00). In participants with low/moderate perceived social support compared to those with high social support, a diminished cortisol response was associated with larger gray matter volume (mean difference: 0.70 mL, 95 %CI = 0.01;1.39) and higher fractional anisotropy (standardized mean difference 0.03, 95 %CI = 0.00;0.06). CONCLUSION Diminished function of the HPA-axis is differently associated with brain structure in community-dwelling middle-aged and older adults with clinically relevant depressive symptoms or suboptimal social support, but not in adults without depressive symptoms or with optimal social support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle F van der Velpen
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Maud de Feijter
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rutika Raina
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; OPEN Health, 4350 East-West Highway, Suite 1100, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Fatih Özel
- Department of Organismal Biology, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18 A, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marieke Perry
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Radboudumc Alzheimer Center, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Primary and Community Care, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - M Arfan Ikram
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Meike W Vernooij
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Annemarie I Luik
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
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18
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Abellaneda-Pérez K, Cattaneo G, Cabello-Toscano M, Solana-Sánchez J, Mulet-Pons L, Vaqué-Alcázar L, Perellón-Alfonso R, Solé-Padullés C, Bargalló N, Tormos JM, Pascual-Leone A, Bartrés-Faz D. Purpose in life promotes resilience to age-related brain burden in middle-aged adults. Alzheimers Res Ther 2023; 15:49. [PMID: 36915148 PMCID: PMC10009845 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-023-01198-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disease-modifying agents to counteract cognitive impairment in older age remain elusive. Hence, identifying modifiable factors promoting resilience, as the capacity of the brain to maintain cognition and function with aging and disease, is paramount. In Alzheimer's disease (AD), education and occupation are typical cognitive reserve proxies. However, the importance of psychological factors is being increasingly recognized, as their operating biological mechanisms are elucidated. Purpose in life (PiL), one of the pillars of psychological well-being, has previously been found to reduce the deleterious effects of AD-related pathological changes on cognition. However, whether PiL operates as a resilience factor in middle-aged individuals and what are the underlying neural mechanisms remain unknown. METHODS Data was obtained from 624 middle-aged adults (mean age 53.71 ± 6.9; 303 women) from the Barcelona Brain Health Initiative cohort. Individuals with lower (LP; N = 146) and higher (HP; N = 100) PiL rates, according to the division of this variable into quintiles, were compared in terms of cognitive status, a measure reflecting brain burden (white matter lesions; WMLs), and resting-state functional connectivity, examining system segregation (SyS) parameters using 14 common brain circuits. RESULTS Neuropsychological status and WMLs burden did not differ between the PiL groups. However, in the LP group, greater WMLs entailed a negative impact on executive functions. Subjects in the HP group showed lower SyS of the dorsal default-mode network (dDMN), indicating lesser segregation of this network from other brain circuits. Specifically, HP individuals had greater inter-network connectivity between specific dDMN nodes, including the frontal cortex, the hippocampal formation, the midcingulate region, and the rest of the brain. Greater functional connectivity in some of these nodes positively correlated with cognitive performance. CONCLUSION Expanding previous findings on AD pathology and advanced age, the present results suggest that higher rates of PiL may promote resilience against brain changes already observable in middle age. Furthermore, having a purposeful life implies larger functional integration of the dDMN, which may potentially reflect greater brain reserve associated to better cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kilian Abellaneda-Pérez
- Departament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, C/ Casanova, 143, 08036, Barcelona, Spain. .,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain. .,Institut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de Neurorehabilitació adscrit a la UAB, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain. .,Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain. .,Fundació Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Gabriele Cattaneo
- Institut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de Neurorehabilitació adscrit a la UAB, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.,Fundació Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Cabello-Toscano
- Departament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, C/ Casanova, 143, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Institut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de Neurorehabilitació adscrit a la UAB, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Solana-Sánchez
- Institut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de Neurorehabilitació adscrit a la UAB, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.,Fundació Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lídia Mulet-Pons
- Departament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, C/ Casanova, 143, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lídia Vaqué-Alcázar
- Departament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, C/ Casanova, 143, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Sant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau-Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ruben Perellón-Alfonso
- Departament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, C/ Casanova, 143, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Solé-Padullés
- Departament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, C/ Casanova, 143, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Bargalló
- Departament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, C/ Casanova, 143, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.,Neuroradiology Section, Radiology Department, Diagnostic Image Center, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Magnetic Resonance Image Core Facility (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep M Tormos
- Institut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de Neurorehabilitació adscrit a la UAB, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.,Fundació Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Traslacional San Alberto Magno, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alvaro Pascual-Leone
- Institut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de Neurorehabilitació adscrit a la UAB, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain.,Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research and Deanna and Sidney Wolk Center for Memory Health, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David Bartrés-Faz
- Departament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, C/ Casanova, 143, 08036, Barcelona, Spain. .,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain. .,Institut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de Neurorehabilitació adscrit a la UAB, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain.
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19
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Tian J, Wang Y, Guo L, Li S. Association of Income with Post-Stroke Cognition and the Underlying Neuroanatomical Mechanism. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13020363. [PMID: 36831905 PMCID: PMC9954609 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13020363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between income and post-stroke cognition at 3 months, and the underlying neuroanatomical mechanism. METHODS Patients with first-ever ischemic stroke were enrolled and analyzed. Baseline information on income and neuroimaging measurements with predictive values for post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) were collected within 7 days of the admission. Three months after the index stroke, all participants underwent a detailed neuropsychological test battery. The associations between income and PSCI and between income and brain structural measurements were investigated. RESULTS A total of 294 patients were recruited for this study. Lower income was independently associated with poor cognitive performance on Stroop tests, Clinical Dementia Rating, Boston Naming Test, and Verbal Fluency Test. Regarding neuroimaging parameters, lower income was associated with a lower total brain volume (TBV)/total intracranial volume (TICV) ratio (p = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS Lower income is associated with an increased chance of post-stroke cognitive decline, particularly in executive function and language domains. Since global brain atrophy (measured by TBV/TICV ratio) is a strong predictor for PSCI, its correlation with income may help explain the neuroanatomical mechanism between income and post-stroke cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyuan Tian
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Disease, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Li Guo
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
- Correspondence: (L.G.); (S.L.); Tel.: +86-18531135618 (L.G.)
| | - Shiping Li
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Disease, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
- Correspondence: (L.G.); (S.L.); Tel.: +86-18531135618 (L.G.)
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20
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Luthra NS, Clow A, Corcos DM. The Interrelated Multifactorial Actions of Cortisol and Klotho: Potential Implications in the Pathogenesis of Parkinson's Disease. Brain Sci 2022; 12:1695. [PMID: 36552155 PMCID: PMC9775285 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12121695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD) is complex, multilayered, and not fully understood, resulting in a lack of effective disease-modifying treatments for this prevalent neurodegenerative condition. Symptoms of PD are heterogenous, including motor impairment as well as non-motor symptoms such as depression, cognitive impairment, and circadian disruption. Aging and stress are important risk factors for PD, leading us to explore pathways that may either accelerate or protect against cellular aging and the detrimental effects of stress. Cortisol is a much-studied hormone that can disrupt mitochondrial function and increase oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, which are recognized as key underlying disease mechanisms in PD. The more recently discovered klotho protein, considered a general aging-suppressor, has a similarly wide range of actions but in the opposite direction to cortisol: promoting mitochondrial function while reducing oxidative stress and inflammation. Both hormones also converge on pathways of vitamin D metabolism and insulin resistance, also implicated to play a role in PD. Interestingly, aging, stress and PD associate with an increase in cortisol and decrease in klotho, while physical exercise and certain genetic variations lead to a decrease in cortisol response and increased klotho. Here, we review the interrelated opposite actions of cortisol and klotho in the pathogenesis of PD. Together they impact powerful and divergent mechanisms that may go on to influence PD-related symptoms. Better understanding of these hormones in PD would facilitate the design of effective interventions that can simultaneously impact the multiple systems involved in the pathogenesis of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nijee S. Luthra
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94127, USA
| | - Angela Clow
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Westminster, London W1B 2HW, UK
| | - Daniel M. Corcos
- Department of Physical Therapy & Human Movement Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60208, USA
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21
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Liu ZX, Whitehead B, Botoseneanu A. Association of Psychological distress and Physical Health with Subjective and Objective Memory in Older Adults. J Aging Health 2022:8982643221143828. [PMID: 36459693 DOI: 10.1177/08982643221143828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
ObjectivesTo investigate how indicators of psychological stress and physical health differentially influence subjective and objective memory in older adults. Methods: 404 adults aged ≥55 without cognitive impairment participated in remote assessment of physical health (PHY; multimorbidity, body-mass-index), psychological distress (PDS; perceived stress, anxiety, depression), subjective memory complaints (SM), and task-based objective memory performance (OM). Results: Separately, both PHY and PDS significantly predicted SM (p < 0.01), but only PHY was associated with OM (p = 0.05). Combined models showed that PHY and PDS maintained significant association with SM (p < 0.01, R2 = 0.30), while only PHY was associated with OM (p = .07, R2 = 0.03; for associative OM, p = 0.04). Discussion: SM is associated with participants' psychological profile, highlighting the importance of addressing these factors when assessing SM. The results also reveal that remotely-administered OM tasks are more immune to participants' psychological profile, and support previously-established links between physical health and objective and subjective memory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Xu Liu
- Department of Behavioral Sciences, 177870University of Michigan-Dearborn, Dearborn, MI, USA
| | - Brenda Whitehead
- Department of Behavioral Sciences, 177870University of Michigan-Dearborn, Dearborn, MI, USA.,School of Behavioral Science, 492177Grace College, Winona Lake, IN, USA
| | - Anda Botoseneanu
- Department of Health and Human Services, 14711University of Michigan-Dearborn, Dearborn, MI, USA.,Institute of Gerontology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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22
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Srinivasan M, Walker C. Circadian Clock, Glucocorticoids and NF-κB Signaling in Neuroinflammation- Implicating Glucocorticoid Induced Leucine Zipper as a Molecular Link. ASN Neuro 2022; 14:17590914221120190. [PMID: 36317290 PMCID: PMC9629546 DOI: 10.1177/17590914221120190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation including neuroinflammation is considered a protective response and is directed to repair, regenerate, and restore damaged tissues in the central nervous system. Persistent inflammation due to chronic stress, age related accrual of free radicals, subclinical infections or other factors lead to reduced survival and increased neuronal death. Circadian abnormalities secondary to altered sleep/wake cycles is one of the earliest signs of neurodegenerative diseases. Brain specific or global deficiency of core circadian trans-activator brain and muscle ARNT (Arylhydrocarbon Receptor Nuclear Translocator)-like protein 1 (BMAL1) or that of the transrepressor REV-ERBα, impaired neural function and cognitive performance in rodents. Consistently, transcripts of inflammatory cytokines and host immune responses have been shown to exhibit diurnal variation, in parallel with the disruption of the circadian rhythm. Glucocorticoids that exhibit both a circadian rhythm similar to that of the core clock transactivator BMAL1 and tissue specific ultradian rhythm are critical in the control of neuroinflammation and re-establishment of homeostasis. It is widely accepted that the glucocorticoids suppress nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) mediated transactivation and suppress inflammation. Recent mechanistic elucidations suggest that the core clock components also modulate NF-κB mediated transactivation in the brain and peripheral tissues. In this review we discuss evidence for interactions between the circadian clock components, glucocorticoids and NF-κB signaling responses in the brain and propose glucocorticoid induced leucine zipper (GILZ) encoded by Tsc22d3, as a molecular link that connect all three pathways in the maintenance of CNS homeostasis as well as in the pathogenesis of neuroinflammation-neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mythily Srinivasan
- Department of Oral Pathology, Medicine and Radiology, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indiana University Purdue University at Indianapolis, Indiana, USA,Provaidya LLC, Indiana Center for Biomedical Innovation, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA,Mythily Srinivasan, Oral Pathology, Radiology and Medicine, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States; Provaidya LLC, Indiana Center for Biomedical Innovation, 1800 North Capitol Av, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States.
;
| | - Chandler Walker
- Department of Oral Pathology, Medicine and Radiology, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indiana University Purdue University at Indianapolis, Indiana, USA,Department of Biomedical Sciences and Comprehensive Care, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indiana University Purdue University at Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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23
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Harris BN, Cooke JT, Littlefield AK, Tucker CA, Campbell CM, King KS. Relations among CRFR1 and FKBP5 genotype, cortisol, and cognitive function in aging humans: A Project FRONTIER study. Physiol Behav 2022; 254:113884. [PMID: 35718217 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.113884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Here we use the glucocorticoid cascade hypothesis framework to address the role of baseline cortisol on changes in cognitive function over a 3-year span in non-demented rural Americans. We also determine if genotype at 4 different single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) relates to change in cognitive function. We predicted 1) over time, increases in baseline cortisol will be associated with decline in cognitive function, 2) individuals homozygous for 3 CRFR1 SNP rare alleles (AA rs110402, TT rs7209436, and TT rs242924 vs. others) will show less cognitive decline and this will be particularly pronounced in those with lower baseline cortisol, and 3) FKBP5 T carriers (TT or CT vs. CC homozygotes) will have decreased cognitive performance and this will be particularly pronounced in individuals with higher baseline cortisol. Collectively, our data do not robustly support the glucocorticoid cascade hypothesis. In several cases, higher baseline cortisol related to better cognitive performance over time, but within individuals, increased cortisol over time related to decreased performance on some cognitive domains over time. Contrary to our predictions, individuals with the rare CRFR1 haplotype (AA, TT, TT) performed worse than individuals with the common haplotype across multiple domains of cognitive function. FKBP5 genotype status had minimal impacts on cognitive outcomes. Genotype effects were largely not dependent on cortisol. The Project FRONTIER dataset is supported by Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center Garrison Institute on Aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Breanna N Harris
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States of America.
| | - Jeffrey T Cooke
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States of America
| | - Andrew K Littlefield
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States of America
| | - Cody A Tucker
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States of America
| | - Callie M Campbell
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States of America
| | - Kaleb S King
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States of America
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24
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Association between cortisol and aging-related hippocampus volume changes in community-dwelling older adults: a 7-year follow-up study. BMC Geriatr 2022; 22:765. [PMID: 36131257 PMCID: PMC9491648 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-022-03455-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identifying peripheral biomarkers related to modifiable risk factors to prevent dementia at an early stage will be extremely beneficial. We have been studying how older adults can maintain their mental health and continue to live in a familiar community. The aim of this study is to investigate the association between serum cortisol levels and brain volume among older adults in rural Japan. METHODS This was a longitudinal study conducted in Kurokawa-cho, Imari, Saga Prefecture, Japan, among people aged 65 years and above, as reported previously. We conducted a survey twice. The first survey was conducted from October 2009 to March 2011 (Timepoint 1) and the second was conducted from November 2016 to September 2017 (Timepoint 2). Blood samples for serum cortisol levels analysis were collected from participants at Timepoint 1. Serum cortisol levels were measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The participants underwent brain MRI examinations, and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) for cognitive function assessment at Timepoint 1 and Timepoint 2. We obtained 70 participants (16 men, mean age 72.69 ± 3.18 years; 54 women, mean age 72.69 ± 4.60 years, at Timepoint 1) for analysis. Correlation analysis was performed between serum cortisol levels at baseline (Timepoint 1) and brain volume (Timepoint 1, Timepoint 2, and Timepoint 1-Timepoint 2 difference) using voxel-based morphometry method. RESULTS There was no significant difference in serum cortisol levels between men (72.32 ± 17.30 ng/ml) and women (76.60 ± 21.12 ng/ml) at baseline. Additionally, no effect of blood collection time on cortisol levels was observed in these participants. Small volume correction analysis at the cluster level by applying multiple comparison corrections (family-wise error; P < 0.05) showed a negative correlation between serum cortisol levels (Timepoint 1) and brain volume (Timepoint 2) within the region containing the left hippocampus. CONCLUSIONS Serum cortisol levels may serve as a peripheral biomarker of age-related volume changes involving the hippocampus in older adults aged 65 years and above.
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25
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Mitra J, Kodavati M, Provasek VE, Rao KS, Mitra S, Hamilton DJ, Horner PJ, Vahidy FS, Britz GW, Kent TA, Hegde ML. SARS-CoV-2 and the central nervous system: Emerging insights into hemorrhage-associated neurological consequences and therapeutic considerations. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 80:101687. [PMID: 35843590 PMCID: PMC9288264 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) continues to impact our lives by causing widespread illness and death and poses a threat due to the possibility of emerging strains. SARS-CoV-2 targets angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) before entering vital organs of the body, including the brain. Studies have shown systemic inflammation, cellular senescence, and viral toxicity-mediated multi-organ failure occur during infectious periods. However, prognostic investigations suggest that both acute and long-term neurological complications, including predisposition to irreversible neurodegenerative diseases, can be a serious concern for COVID-19 survivors, especially the elderly population. As emerging studies reveal sites of SARS-CoV-2 infection in different parts of the brain, potential causes of chronic lesions including cerebral and deep-brain microbleeds and the likelihood of developing stroke-like pathologies increases, with critical long-term consequences, particularly for individuals with neuropathological and/or age-associated comorbid conditions. Our recent studies linking the blood degradation products to genome instability, leading to cellular senescence and ferroptosis, raise the possibility of similar neurovascular events as a result of SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this review, we discuss the neuropathological consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection in COVID survivors, focusing on possible hemorrhagic damage in brain cells, its association to aging, and the future directions in developing mechanism-guided therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy Mitra
- Division of DNA Repair Research, Center for Neuroregeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Manohar Kodavati
- Division of DNA Repair Research, Center for Neuroregeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Vincent E Provasek
- Division of DNA Repair Research, Center for Neuroregeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - K S Rao
- Department of Biotechnology, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation Deemed to be University, Green Fields, Vaddeswaram, Andhra Pradesh 522502, India
| | - Sankar Mitra
- Division of DNA Repair Research, Center for Neuroregeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Dale J Hamilton
- Center for Bioenergetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, USA
| | - Philip J Horner
- Division of DNA Repair Research, Center for Neuroregeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, USA
| | - Farhaan S Vahidy
- Center for Outcomes Research, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Gavin W Britz
- Division of DNA Repair Research, Center for Neuroregeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, USA
| | - Thomas A Kent
- Center for Genomics and Precision Medicine, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Muralidhar L Hegde
- Division of DNA Repair Research, Center for Neuroregeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, USA.
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26
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Chroboczek M, Kujach S, Łuszczyk M, Grzywacz T, Soya H, Laskowski R. Acute Normobaric Hypoxia Lowers Executive Functions among Young Men despite Increase of BDNF Concentration. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:10802. [PMID: 36078520 PMCID: PMC9518314 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191710802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Decreased SpO2 during hypoxia can cause cognitive function impairment, and the effects of acute hypoxia on high-order brain functions such as executive processing remain unclear. This study's goal was to examine the impact of an acute normobaric hypoxia breathing session on executive function and biological markers. METHODS Thirty-two healthy subjects participated in a blind study performing two sessions of single 30 min breathing bouts under two conditions (normoxia (NOR) and normobaric hypoxia (NH), FIO2 = 0.135). The Stroop test was applied to assess cognitive function. RESULTS No significant difference was observed in the Stroop interference in the "reading" part of the test in either condition; however, there was a significant increase in the "naming" part under NH conditions (p = 0.003), which corresponded to a significant decrease in SpO2 (p < 0.001). There was a significant increase (p < 0.013) in the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) level after NH conditions compared to the baseline, which was not seen in NOR. In addition, a significant drop (p < 0.001) in cortisol levels in the NOR group and a slight elevation in the NH group was noticed. CONCLUSIONS According to these findings, acute hypoxia delayed cognitive processing for motor execution and reduced the neural activity in motor executive and inhibitory processing. We also noted that this negative effect was associated with decreased SpO2 irrespective of a rise in BDNF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Chroboczek
- Department of Physiology, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Sylwester Kujach
- Department of Physiology, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Marcin Łuszczyk
- Department of Physiology, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Tomasz Grzywacz
- Department of Sport, Institute of Physical Education, Kazimierz Wielki University, 85-064 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Hideaki Soya
- Sports Neuroscience Division, Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8574, Japan
| | - Radosław Laskowski
- Department of Physiology, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Department of Sports Neuroscience, Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance (ARIHHP), Faculty of Health and Sports Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
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27
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Ouanes S, Clark C, Richiardi J, Maréchal B, Lewczuk P, Kornhuber J, Kirschbaum C, Popp J. Cerebrospinal Fluid Cortisol and Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate, Alzheimer’s Disease Pathology, and Cognitive Decline. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:892754. [PMID: 35875796 PMCID: PMC9301040 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.892754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Elevated cortisol levels have been reported in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and may accelerate the development of brain pathology and cognitive decline. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) has anti-glucocorticoid effects and it may be involved in the AD pathophysiology. Objectives To investigate associations of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cortisol and DHEAS levels with (1) cognitive performance at baseline; (2) CSF biomarkers of amyloid pathology (as assessed by CSF Aβ levels), neuronal injury (as assessed by CSF tau), and tau hyperphosphorylation (as assessed by CSF p-tau); (3) regional brain volumes; and (4) clinical disease progression. Materials and Methods Individuals between 49 and 88 years (n = 145) with mild cognitive impairment or dementia or with normal cognition were included. Clinical scores, AD biomarkers, brain MRI volumetry along with CSF cortisol and DHEAS were obtained at baseline. Cognitive and functional performance was re-assessed at 18 and 36 months from baseline. We also assessed the following covariates: apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype, BMI, and education. We used linear regression and mixed models to address associations of interest. Results Higher CSF cortisol was associated with poorer global cognitive performance and higher disease severity at baseline. Cortisol and cortisol/DHEAS ratio were positively associated with tau and p-tau CSF levels, and negatively associated with the amygdala and insula volumes at baseline. Higher CSF cortisol predicted more pronounced cognitive decline and clinical disease progression over 36 months. Higher CSF DHEAS predicted more pronounced disease progression over 36 months. Conclusion Increased cortisol in the CNS is associated with tau pathology and neurodegeneration, and with decreased insula and amygdala volume. Both CSF cortisol and DHEAS levels predict faster clinical disease progression. These results have implications for the identification of patients at risk of rapid decline as well as for the development of interventions targeting both neurodegeneration and clinical manifestations of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami Ouanes
- Service of Old Age Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Psychiatry, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Christopher Clark
- Centre for Gerontopsychiatric Medicine, Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital of Psychiatry Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jonas Richiardi
- Department of Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bénédicte Maréchal
- Department of Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Piotr Lewczuk
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Clemens Kirschbaum
- Chair of Biopsychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Andreas-Schubert-Bau, Dresden, Germany
| | - Julius Popp
- Service of Old Age Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Centre for Gerontopsychiatric Medicine, Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital of Psychiatry Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Julius Popp,
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28
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Role of Dopamine Transporter in the Relationship Between Plasma Cortisol and Cognition. Psychosom Med 2022; 84:685-694. [PMID: 35472074 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000001089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cortisol is associated with cognition in both healthy individuals and patients with neuropsychiatric disorders. Regarding the effects of cortisol on the dopamine system and the association between dopamine transporter (DAT) and cognition, DAT might be a central target linking cortisol and cognition. This study explored the role of striatal DAT in the cortisol-cognition relationship. METHODS We recruited 33 patients with carbon monoxide poisoning and 33 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. All participants underwent cognitive assessments of attention, memory, and executive function. Single-photon emission computed tomography with 99mTc-TRODAT was used to determine striatal DAT availability. Plasma cortisol, tumor necrosis factor α, and interleukin-10 levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. RESULTS Compared with healthy controls, patients with carbon monoxide poisoning had lower cognitive performance, bilateral striatal DAT availability, and plasma tumor necrosis factor-α levels and higher cortisol and interleukin-10 levels. In all participants, plasma cortisol level and bilateral striatal DAT availability were negatively and positively related to cognition, respectively, including memory and executive function with β from -0.361 (95% confidence interval [CI] = -0.633 to -0.090) to 0.588 (95% CI = 0.319 to 0.858). Moreover, bilateral striatal DAT mediated the cortisol-cognition relationship with indirect effects from -0.067 (95% CI = -0.179 to -0.001) to -0.135 (95% CI = -0.295 to -0.024). The cytokine levels did not influence the mediation effects. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to demonstrate that striatal DAT mediates the cortisol-cognition relationship. Future studies are needed to comprehensively evaluate the role of the dopamine system in cortisol-cognition associations and treatment implications.
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Environmental stimulation in Huntington disease patients and animal models. Neurobiol Dis 2022; 171:105725. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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Ascorbebeitia J, Ferreira E, Orbe S. Testing conditional multivariate rank correlations: the effect of institutional quality on factors influencing competitiveness. TEST-SPAIN 2022; 31:931-949. [PMID: 35382496 PMCID: PMC8972772 DOI: 10.1007/s11749-022-00806-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Joint distribution between two or more variables could be influenced by the outcome of a conditioning variable. In this paper, we propose a flexible Wald-type statistic to test for such influence. The test is based on a conditioned multivariate Kendall’s tau nonparametric estimator. The asymptotic properties of the test statistic are established under different null hypotheses to be tested for, such as conditional independence or testing for constant conditional dependence. Two simulation studies are presented: The first shows that the estimator proposed and the bandwidth selection procedure perform well. The second presents different bivariate and multivariate models to check the size and power of the test and runs comparisons with previous proposals when appropriate. The results support the contention that the test is accurate even in complex situations and that its computational cost is low. As an empirical application, we study the dependence between some pillars of European Regional Competitiveness when conditioned on the quality of regional institutions. We find interesting results, such as weaker links between innovation and higher education in regions with lower institutional quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jone Ascorbebeitia
- Department of Quantitative Methods, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avda. Lehendakari Aguirre 83, 48015 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Eva Ferreira
- Department of Quantitative Methods, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avda. Lehendakari Aguirre 83, 48015 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Susan Orbe
- Department of Quantitative Methods, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avda. Lehendakari Aguirre 83, 48015 Bilbao, Spain
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Angoff R, Himali JJ, Maillard P, Aparicio HJ, Vasan RS, Seshadri S, Beiser AS, Tsao CW. Relations of Metabolic Health and Obesity to Brain Aging in Young to Middle-Aged Adults. J Am Heart Assoc 2022; 11:e022107. [PMID: 35229662 PMCID: PMC9075324 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.121.022107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background We aimed to evaluate the association between metabolic health and obesity and brain health measured via magnetic resonance imaging and neurocognitive testing in community dwelling adults. Methods and Results Framingham Heart Study Third Generation Cohort members (n=2170, 46±9 years of age, 54% women) without prevalent diabetes, stroke, dementia, or other neurologic conditions were grouped by metabolic unhealthiness (≥2 criteria for metabolic syndrome) and obesity (body mass index ≥30 kg/m2): metabolically healthy (MH) nonobese, MH obese, metabolically unhealthy (MU) nonobese, and MU obese. We evaluated the relationships of these groups with brain structure (magnetic resonance imaging) and function (neurocognitive tests). In multivariable-adjusted analyses, metabolically unhealthy individuals (MU nonobese and MU obese) had lower total cerebral brain volume compared with the MH nonobese referent group (both P<0.05). Additionally, the MU obese group had greater white matter hyperintensity volume (P=0.004), whereas no association was noted between white matter hyperintensity volume and either groups of metabolic health or obesity alone. Obese individuals had less favorable cognitive scores: MH obese had lower scores on global cognition, Logical Memory-Delayed Recall and Similarities tests, and MU obese had lower scores on Similarities and Visual Reproductions-Delayed tests (all P≤0.04). MU and obese groups had higher free water content and lower fractional anisotropy in several brain regions, consistent with loss of white matter integrity. Conclusions In this cross-sectional cohort study of younger to middle-aged adults, poor metabolic health and obesity were associated with structural and functional evidence of brain aging. Improvement in metabolic health and obesity may present opportunities to improve long-term brain health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Angoff
- Cardiovascular DivisionBeth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA
| | - Jayandra J. Himali
- Department of NeurologySchool of MedicineBoston UniversityBostonMA
- The Department of BiostatisticsBoston UniversityBostonMA
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer’s & Neurodegenerative DiseasesUniversity of Texas Health Sciences CenterSan AntonioTX
- The Framingham Heart StudyFraminghamMA
| | - Pauline Maillard
- Department of Neurology and Center for NeuroscienceUniversity of California at DavisDavisCA
| | - Hugo J. Aparicio
- Department of NeurologySchool of MedicineBoston UniversityBostonMA
- The Framingham Heart StudyFraminghamMA
| | - Ramachandran S. Vasan
- Department of MedicineSchool of MedicineBoston UniversityBostonMA
- Department of EpidemiologyBoston UniversityBostonMA
- The Framingham Heart StudyFraminghamMA
| | - Sudha Seshadri
- Department of NeurologySchool of MedicineBoston UniversityBostonMA
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer’s & Neurodegenerative DiseasesUniversity of Texas Health Sciences CenterSan AntonioTX
- Department of Population Health SciencesUniversity of Texas Health Science CenterSan AntonioTX
- The Framingham Heart StudyFraminghamMA
| | - Alexa S. Beiser
- Department of NeurologySchool of MedicineBoston UniversityBostonMA
- The Department of BiostatisticsBoston UniversityBostonMA
- The Framingham Heart StudyFraminghamMA
| | - Connie W. Tsao
- Cardiovascular DivisionBeth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA
- The Framingham Heart StudyFraminghamMA
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Brown J, Jonason A, Asp E, McGinn V, Carter MN, Spiller V, Jozan A. Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder and confabulation in psycholegal settings: A beginner's guide for criminal justice, forensic mental health, and legal interviewers. BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES & THE LAW 2022; 40:46-86. [PMID: 34689366 DOI: 10.1002/bsl.2540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) are neurodevelopmental/neurobehavioral conditions caused by prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE). Impairments caused by PAE contribute to the over-representation of individuals with FASD in the United States juvenile and adult criminal justice systems. These same impairments can equally impact on individuals with FASD who are witnesses to or victims of crime who also have to navigate the complexities of the criminal justice system. Difficulties include increased susceptibility to confabulation throughout the legal process that, in turn, can contribute to increased rates of poor outcomes including false confessions and wrongful convictions. Individuals with FASD are particularity at risk of confabulation when they are subjected to tactics, such as stressful and anxiety-provoking situations, threats, and leading, suggestive, or coercive questioning. Many professionals in the forensic context are unfamiliar with FASD or related confabulation risk and may unintentionally utilize tactics that intensify impacts of pre-existing impairment. This article serves as a beginner's guide for professionals working in criminal justice settings by (a) providing research-based overviews of FASD and confabulation, (b) describing how FASD may lead to confabulation, and (c) suggesting ways that professionals can modify protocols when interacting with individuals with FASD. Suggestions in this article hold the potential to decrease the risk of confabulation in the criminal justice system and decrease problematic outcomes, such as false confessions and wrongful convictions among individuals with FASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerrod Brown
- Pathways Counseling Center, Inc., St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
- Concordia University, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
- American Institute for the Advancement of Forensic Studies, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Alec Jonason
- Department of Psychology, Hamline University, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
- Wesley & Lorene Artz Cognitive Neuroscience Research Center, Hamline University, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Erik Asp
- Department of Psychology, Hamline University, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
- Wesley & Lorene Artz Cognitive Neuroscience Research Center, Hamline University, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Valerie McGinn
- The FASD Centre, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Population Health, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Megan N Carter
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Social and Health Services, Special Commitment Center, Steilacoom, Washington, USA
| | | | - Amy Jozan
- American Institute for the Advancement of Forensic Studies, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
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Qiu Q, Zhou X, Wu L, Zhang Y, Yu Z, Wang M, Huang H, Luo X, Pan D. Serum Cortisol Is Associated With Cerebral Small Vessel Disease-Related Brain Changes and Cognitive Impairment. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 13:809684. [PMID: 35126094 PMCID: PMC8814515 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.809684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the relationship between serum cortisol, cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) neuroimaging markers, and cognitive performance. Methods We recruited patients over 50 years old who attended our hospital for physical examination between November 2020 and July 2021. All participants were subject to brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), serum cortisol examination, and the Montreal cognitive function assessment (MoCA). On brain MRI, we scored the presence of each marker of CSVD, including white matter hyperintensity (WMH), lacunes, cerebral microbleeds (CMBs), and enlarged perivascular spaces (EPVS). One point was awarded for the presence of each marker, producing a score between 0 and 4. Results In total, 158 participants were included in this study with a mean age of 60.5 (56.0–66.3) years; 55.1% were male. In the multivariable analyses, serum cortisol level was an independent predictor of WMH severity, the presence of lacunes/CMBs, moderate-severe EPVS and total CSVD burden after adjusting for confounding factors. Serum cortisol level had positive associations with periventricular/deep Fazekas score, burdens of lacunes/CMBs, moderate-severe EPVS, and total CSVD burden in dose-dependent manner, and was an independent predictor of cognitive impairment. Furthermore, the results of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis revealed an area under curve (AUC) of 0.745 with 64.1% sensitivity and 82.5% specificity, and an AUC of 0.705 with 52.1% sensitivity and 85.5 specificity of cortisol in detecting patients with high CSVD burden and MCI, respectively. Conclusions Serum cortisol level is independently associated with each CSVD MRI markers, total CSVD burden and cognitive impairment. These findings provide clues for pathological mechanisms and suggest serum cortisol as a promising biomarker associated with CSVD.
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Ruat J, Heinz DE, Binder FP, Stark T, Neuner R, Hartmann A, Kaplick PM, Chen A, Czisch M, Wotjak CT. Structural correlates of trauma-induced hyperarousal in mice. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 111:110404. [PMID: 34303744 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2021.110404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a chronic disease caused by traumatic incidents. Numerous studies have revealed grey matter volume differences in affected individuals. The nature of the disease renders it difficult to distinguish between a priori versus a posteriori changes. To overcome this difficulty, we studied the consequences of a traumatic event on brain morphology in mice before and 4 weeks after exposure to brief foot shocks (or sham treatment), and correlated morphology with symptoms of hyperarousal. In the latter context, we assessed hyperarousal upon confrontation with acoustic, visual, or composite (acoustic/visual/tactile) threats and integrated the individual readouts into a single Hyperarousal Score using logistic regression analysis. MRI scans with subsequent whole-brain deformation-based morphometry (DBM) analysis revealed a volume decrease of the dorsal hippocampus and an increase of the reticular nucleus in shocked mice when compared to non-shocked controls. Using the Hyperarousal Score as regressor for the post-exposure MRI measurement, we observed negative correlations with several brain structures including the dorsal hippocampus. If the development of changes with respect to the basal MRI was considered, reduction in globus pallidus volume reflected hyperarousal severity. Our findings demonstrate that a brief traumatic incident can cause volume changes in defined brain structures and suggest the globus pallidus as an important hub for the control of fear responses to threatening stimuli of different sensory modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Ruat
- Department Stress Neurobiology and Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804 Munich, Germany; International Max Planck Research School for Translational Psychiatry (IMPRS-TP), 80804 Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel E Heinz
- Research Group Neuronal Plasticity, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804 Munich, Germany; Max Planck School of Cognition, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Florian P Binder
- International Max Planck Research School for Translational Psychiatry (IMPRS-TP), 80804 Munich, Germany; Department Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804 Munich, Germany
| | - Tibor Stark
- Scientific Core Unit Neuroimaging, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804 Munich, Germany; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czechia
| | - Robert Neuner
- Research Group Neuronal Plasticity, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804 Munich, Germany
| | - Alice Hartmann
- Research Group Neuronal Plasticity, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804 Munich, Germany
| | - Paul M Kaplick
- Research Group Neuronal Plasticity, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804 Munich, Germany
| | - Alon Chen
- Department Stress Neurobiology and Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804 Munich, Germany; Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Michael Czisch
- Scientific Core Unit Neuroimaging, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804 Munich, Germany
| | - Carsten T Wotjak
- Research Group Neuronal Plasticity, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804 Munich, Germany; Max Planck School of Cognition, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Central Nervous System Diseases Research (CNSDR), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, 88397, Biberach an der Riss, Germany.
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Demnitz-King H, Göehre I, Marchant NL. The neuroanatomical correlates of repetitive negative thinking: A systematic review. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2021; 316:111353. [PMID: 34390952 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2021.111353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Repetitive negative thinking (RNT) is a cognitive process characterised by intrusive, repetitive, and difficult-to-disengage-from negative thoughts. Heightened RNT levels are prevalent across clinical disorders and have been associated with ill-health (e.g. cardiovascular disease), even at lower, non-clinical levels. Identifying the neuroanatomical correlates of RNT could help characterise structural alterations that transcend diagnostic boundaries and further understanding of the pathogenesis of clinical disorders. We therefore conducted a systematic review to investigate associations between RNT and brain morphology. Following title/abstract and full-text screening, 24 studies were included. We found evidence that RNT severity is associated with grey and white matter volumes/microstructure, particularly in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex and superior longitudinal fasciculus, regions heavily implicated in cognitive control, and emotional processing and regulation. However, inconsistent associations, potentially due to the heterogeneity of included studies (e.g. methodological differences, type of RNT assessed), preclude specific conclusions being reached regarding any one region's association with RNT. Further, given the defuse nature of thoughts, it may be that RNT is associated with distributed brain regions operating within large-scale networks, rather than with a single structure. High quality longitudinal studies, investigating structural networks, are required to confirm the neuroanatomical basis of RNT and elucidate the direction of relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harriet Demnitz-King
- Division of Psychiatry, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, 6th Floor, Maple House, 149 Tottenham Court Road, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Isabelle Göehre
- Division of Psychiatry, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, 6th Floor, Maple House, 149 Tottenham Court Road, London, United Kingdom; Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychological Treatment, Department of Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Leopoldstr. 13, 80802, Munich, Germany
| | - Natalie L Marchant
- Division of Psychiatry, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, 6th Floor, Maple House, 149 Tottenham Court Road, London, United Kingdom
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Green C, Stolicyn A, Harris MA, Shen X, Romaniuk L, Barbu MC, Hawkins EL, Wardlaw JM, Steele JD, Waiter GD, Sandu AL, Campbell A, Porteous DJ, Seckl JR, Lawrie SM, Reynolds RM, Cavanagh J, McIntosh AM, Whalley HC. Hair glucocorticoids are associated with childhood adversity, depressive symptoms and reduced global and lobar grey matter in Generation Scotland. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:523. [PMID: 34642301 PMCID: PMC8511057 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01644-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis dysregulation has been commonly reported in major depressive disorder (MDD), but with considerable heterogeneity of results; potentially due to the predominant use of acute measures of an inherently variable/phasic system. Chronic longer-term measures of HPA-axis activity have yet to be systematically examined in MDD, particularly in relation to brain phenotypes, and in the context of early-life/contemporaneous stress. Here, we utilise a temporally stable measure of cumulative HPA-axis function (hair glucocorticoids) to investigate associations between cortisol, cortisone and total glucocorticoids with concurrent measures of (i) lifetime-MDD case/control status and current symptom severity, (ii) early/current-life stress and (iii) structural neuroimaging phenotypes, in N = 993 individuals from Generation Scotland (mean age = 59.1 yrs). Increased levels of hair cortisol were significantly associated with reduced global and lobar brain volumes with reductions in the frontal, temporal and cingulate regions (βrange = -0.057 to -0.104, all PFDR < 0.05). Increased levels of hair cortisone were significantly associated with MDD (lifetime-MDD status, current symptoms, and severity; βrange = 0.071 to 0.115, all PFDR = < 0.05), with early-life adversity (β = 0.083, P = 0.017), and with reduced global and regional brain volumes (global: β = -0.059, P = 0.043; nucleus accumbens: β = -0.075, PFDR = 0.044). Associations with total glucocorticoids followed a similar pattern to the cortisol findings. In this large community-based sample, elevated glucocorticoids were significantly associated with MDD, with early, but not later-life stress, and with reduced global and regional brain phenotypes. These findings provide important foundations for future mechanistic studies to formally explore causal relationships between early adversity, chronic rather than acute measures of glucocorticoids, and neurobiological associations relevant to the aetiology of MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Green
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Aleks Stolicyn
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Mathew A Harris
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Xueyi Shen
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Liana Romaniuk
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Miruna C Barbu
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Emma L Hawkins
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Joanna M Wardlaw
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Edinburgh Medical School, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - J Douglas Steele
- Division of Imaging Science and Technology, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Gordon D Waiter
- Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Anca-Larisa Sandu
- Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Archie Campbell
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - David J Porteous
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jonathan R Seckl
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Rebecca M Reynolds
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jonathan Cavanagh
- Institute of Infection, Immunity & Inflammation, College of Medical and Veterinary Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Andrew M McIntosh
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Almeida ILDL, Rego JF, Teixeira ACG, Moreira MR. Social isolation and its impact on child and adolescent development: a systematic review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 40:e2020385. [PMID: 34614137 PMCID: PMC8543788 DOI: 10.1590/1984-0462/2022/40/2020385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective: This study aims to analyze the effects of social isolation on children's and teenagers’ development, with emphasis on the possible impacts over their physical and mental health. Data source: Review of the literature following the standards of PRISMA using the SciELO, LILACS and PubMed databases. The following key-words were used: “social isolation” and “child development”, “quarantine” and “adolescent development” according to the Medical Subject Headings (MESH) and their translation to the Portuguese. Studies in English, Portuguese and Spanish from inception were included. Data synthesis: 519 studies were screened and 12 were included in the systematic review. Five of those focused the psychology and social issues, two of them the effects of pandemics on these issues; four studies reported on impacts on general health and two consequences over the hypothalamus- hypophysis - adrenal axis and the cognitive and social development. Conclusions: The review shows a strong association between social isolation and anxiety and depression in children and adolescents. Social isolation leads to higher levels of cortisol and worse cognitive development. Therefore, the mental and physical health of children and adolescents need a careful follow up by health professionals during and after the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Computer Programming E-Learners' Personality Traits, Self-Reported Cognitive Abilities, and Learning Motivating Factors. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11091205. [PMID: 34573226 PMCID: PMC8465581 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11091205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Educational systems around the world encourage students to engage in programming activities, but programming learning is one of the most challenging learning tasks. Thus, it was significant to explore the factors related to programming learning. This study aimed to identify computer programming e-learners’ personality traits, self-reported cognitive abilities and learning motivating factors in comparison with other e-learners. We applied a learning motivating factors questionnaire, the Big Five Inventory—2, and the SRMCA instruments. The sample consisted of 444 e-learners, including 189 computer programming e-learners, the mean age was 25.19 years. It was found that computer programming e-learners demonstrated significantly lower scores of extraversion, and significantly lower scores of motivating factors of individual attitude and expectation, reward and recognition, and punishment. No significant differences were found in the scores of self-reported cognitive abilities between the groups. In the group of computer programming e-learners, extraversion was a significant predictor of individual attitude and expectation; conscientiousness and extraversion were significant predictors of challenging goals; extraversion and agreeableness were significant predictors of clear direction; open-mindedness was a significant predictor of a diminished motivating factor of punishment; negative emotionality was a significant predictor of social pressure and competition; comprehension-knowledge was a significant predictor of individual attitude and expectation; fluid reasoning and comprehension-knowledge were significant predictors of challenging goals; comprehension-knowledge was a significant predictor of clear direction; and visual processing was a significant predictor of social pressure and competition. The SEM analysis demonstrated that personality traits (namely, extraversion, conscientiousness, and reverted negative emotionality) statistically significantly predict learning motivating factors (namely, individual attitude and expectation, and clear direction), but the impact of self-reported cognitive abilities in the model was negligible in both groups of participants and non-participants of e-learning based computer programming courses; χ² (34) = 51.992, p = 0.025; CFI = 0.982; TLI = 0.970; NFI = 0.950; RMSEA = 0.051 [0.019–0.078]; SRMR = 0.038. However, as this study applied self-reported measures, we strongly suggest applying neurocognitive methods in future research.
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Ni L, Zhuge F, Yang S, Ma L, Zheng A, Zhao Y, Hu L, Fu Z, Ni Y. Hydrolyzed Chicken Meat Extract Attenuates Neuroinflammation and Cognitive Impairment in Middle-Aged Mouse by Regulating M1/M2 Microglial Polarization. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:9800-9812. [PMID: 34404209 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c03541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Aging is the most common cause of several neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. The pathological hallmarks of age-dependent neuropathology consist of chronic neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, gliosis, learning disability, and cognitive decline. A novel hydrolyzed bioactive peptide mixture extracted from chicken meat, that is, hydrolyzed chicken extract (HCE) has been previously demonstrated to exert neuroprotective effects in rodents and humans. However, the mechanism of HCE on age-related neurological disorders remains unclear. Herein, we aimed to clarify the impact and mechanism of isolated bioactive components (BCs) from HCE on age-dependent neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment in middle-aged mice. We found that both BC and HCE supplementation ameliorated age-induced memory loss, alleviated hippocampal neuroinflammation and oxidative stress, followed by promoting hippocampal neurogenesis in mice. BC and HCE treatment also ameliorated age-dependent morphological anomalies and alleviated microgliosis and astrogliosis. In parallel, BC and HCE treatment showed a significant decrease in the NF-κB p65 and p38 MAPK signaling, which were associated with the enhancement of antioxidative enzymes activities. Furthermore, BC treatment attenuated the neuroinflammatory phenotypes by the decrease in M1-polarized microglia and the increase in M2-polarized microglia in vivo and in vitro. In addition, we found that cyclo(Phe-Phe), one of the cyclopeptides purified from BC, showed notable anti-inflammatory effects in BV2 cells. Taken together, BC might be used as a dietary supplement for alleviating age-dependent neuropathology in middle-aged individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyang Ni
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Fen Zhuge
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Song Yang
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Lingyan Ma
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Aqian Zheng
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Yufeng Zhao
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Luting Hu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Zhengwei Fu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Yinhua Ni
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
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Diagnosis and Treatment Effect of Convolutional Neural Network-Based Magnetic Resonance Image Features on Severe Stroke and Mental State. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2021; 2021:8947789. [PMID: 34385898 PMCID: PMC8328714 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8947789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to explore the impact of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) image features based on convolutional neural network (CNN) algorithm and conditional random field on the diagnosis and mental state of patients with severe stroke. 208 patients with severe stroke who all received MRI examination were recruited as the research objects. According to cerebral small vascular disease (CSVD) score, the patients were divided into CSVD 0∼4 groups. The patients who completed the three-month follow-up were classified into cognitive impairment group (124 cases) and the noncognitive impairment group (84 cases) according to the cut-off point of the Montreal cognitive assessment (MOCA) scale score of 26. A novel image segmentation algorithm was proposed based on U-shaped fully CNN (U-Net) and conditional random field, which was compared with the fully CNN (FCN) algorithm and U-Net algorithm, and was applied to the MRI segmentation training of patients with severe stroke. It was found that the average symmetric surface distance (ASSD) (3.13 ± 1.35), Hoffman distance (HD) (28.71 ± 9.05), Dice coefficient (0.78 ± 1.35), accuracy (0.74 ± 0.11), and sensitivity (0.85 ± 0.13) of the proposed algorithm were superior to those of FCN algorithm and U-Net algorithm. There were significant differences in the MOCA scores among the five groups of patients from CSVD 0 to CSVD 4 in the three time periods (0, 1, and 3 months) (P < 0.05). Differences in cerebral microhemorrhage (CMB), perivascular space (PVS), and number of cavities, Fazekas, and total CSVD scores between the two groups were significant (P < 0.05). Multivariate regression found that the number of PVS, white matter hyperintensity (WMH) Fazekas, and total CSVD score were independent factors of cognitive impairment. In short, MRI images based on deep learning image segmentation algorithm had good application value for clinical diagnosis and treatment of stroke and can effectively improve the detection effect of brain domain characteristics and psychological state of patients after stroke.
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Lee JH, Cho SH, Jang EH, Kim SA. Sex-specific Changes in Brain Estrogen Metabolism Induced by Acute Trimethyltin Exposure. In Vivo 2021; 35:793-797. [PMID: 33622871 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.12319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM In this study, we investigated sex-specific effects of acute exposure to trimethyltin, a known neurotoxicant on metabolic steroids. MATERIALS AND METHODS We administered intraperitoneally 2.3 mg/kg trimethyltin to 4-week-old male mice and measured the levels of metabolic steroids 24 h after treatment. We also measured mRNA and protein levels of cytochrome P450 1B1 using real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. RESULTS Cortisol levels in the cortex increased in both sexes following acute trimethyltin exposure. The estradiol levels decreased, and the 4-hydroxyestradiol levels increased only in females. We also observed increased cytochrome P450 1B1 mRNA and protein levels only in the female cortex. CONCLUSION Acute trimethyltin exposure induces distinct sex-specific metabolic changes in the brain before significant sexual maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Ho Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Eulji University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hee Cho
- Chemical Analysis Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Hye Jang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Eulji University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Ae Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Eulji University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea;
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Moon SY, Hong CH, Jeong JH, Park YK, Na HR, Song HS, Kim BC, Park KW, Park HK, Choi M, Lee SM, Chun BO, Koh SH, Park SA, Park HH, Jin JH, Lee EH, Kim SM, Han SM, Kim JS, Ha J, Choi SH. Facility-based and home-based multidomain interventions including cognitive training, exercise, diet, vascular risk management, and motivation for older adults: a randomized controlled feasibility trial. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:15898-15916. [PMID: 34148030 PMCID: PMC8266338 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to evaluate the feasibility of multidomain intervention (MI) tailored to the Korean context. In an outcome assessor-blinded, randomized controlled trial, participants without dementia and with one or more modifiable dementia risk factors, aged 60-79 years, were randomly assigned to the facility-based MI (FMI; n=51), the home-based MI (HMI; n=51), or the control group receiving general health advice (n=50). The 24-week intervention comprised vascular risk management, cognitive training, social activity, physical exercise, nutrition guidance, and motivational enhancement. The FMI participants performed all intervention programs at a facility three times a week. The HMI participants performed some programs at a facility once every 1-2 weeks and performed others at home. The primary outcome was feasibility measured through retention, adherence, and at least no differences from the control group in the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS). In the FMI and HMI groups, the retention rates were 88.2% and 96.1%, and adherence to the intervention was 94.5% and 96.8%, respectively. The RBANS total scale index score improved significantly in the FMI (5.46 ± 7.50, P = 0.004) and HMI (5.50 ± 8.14, P = 0.004) groups compared to the control group (-0.74 ± 11.51). The FMI and HMI are feasible and there are indicators of efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Young Moon
- Department of Neurology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hyung Hong
- Department of Psychiatry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee Hyang Jeong
- Department of Neurology, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul 07804, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo Kyoung Park
- Department of Medical Nutrition, Graduate School of East-West Medical Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Ri Na
- Department of Neurology, Bobath Memorial Hospital, Seongnam 13552, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Sun Song
- Department of Sports Sciences, Korea Institute of Sports Science, Seoul 01794, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong C Kim
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Won Park
- Department of Neurology, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan 49201, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Kyung Park
- Department of Neurology, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul 07804, Republic of Korea
| | - Muncheong Choi
- Department of Physical Education, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Min Lee
- Department of Neurology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Buong-O Chun
- Department of Sports Sciences, Korea Institute of Sports Science, Seoul 01794, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Ho Koh
- Department of Neurology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea.,Department of Translational Medicine, Hanyang University Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Ah Park
- Department of Neurology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea.,Lab for Neurodegenerative Dementia, Department of Anatomy, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Hee Park
- Department of Neurology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hwa Jin
- Department of Neurology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Hye Lee
- Department of Neurology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Sue Min Kim
- Lab for Neurodegenerative Dementia, Department of Anatomy, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Song Mi Han
- Lab for Neurodegenerative Dementia, Department of Anatomy, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Seok Kim
- Department of Biomedical Systems Engineering, Korea Polytechnics University, Gyeonggi 13122, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungsoon Ha
- Department of Neurology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Hye Choi
- Department of Neurology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 22332, Republic of Korea
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Costa J, Martins S, Ferreira PA, Cardoso AMS, Guedes JR, Peça J, Cardoso AL. The old guard: Age-related changes in microglia and their consequences. Mech Ageing Dev 2021; 197:111512. [PMID: 34022277 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2021.111512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Among all major organs, the brain is one of the most susceptible to the inexorable effects of aging. Throughout the last decades, several studies in human cohorts and animal models have revealed a plethora of age-related changes in the brain, including reduced neurogenesis, oxidative damage, mitochondrial dysfunction and cell senescence. As the main immune effectors and first responders of the nervous tissue, microglia are at the center of these events. These cells experience irrevocable changes as a result from cumulative exposure to environmental triggers, such as stress, infection and metabolic dysregulation. The age-related immunosenescent phenotype acquired by microglia is characterized by profound modifications in their transcriptomic profile, secretome, morphology and phagocytic activity, which compromise both their housekeeping and defensive functions. As a result, aged microglia are no longer capable of establishing effective immune responses and sustaining normal synaptic activity, directly contributing to age-associated cognitive decline and neurodegeneration. This review discusses how lifestyle and environmental factors drive microglia dysfunction at the molecular and functional level, also highlighting possible interventions to reverse aging-associated damage to the nervous and immune systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Costa
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; PhD Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine (PDBEB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Solange Martins
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Pedro A Ferreira
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; PhD Program in Biosciences, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana M S Cardoso
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Joana R Guedes
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Peça
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana L Cardoso
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
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Psychobiological mechanisms underlying the mood benefits of meditation: A narrative review. COMPREHENSIVE PSYCHONEUROENDOCRINOLOGY 2021; 6:100037. [PMID: 35757358 PMCID: PMC9216450 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpnec.2021.100037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Psychological stressors can lead to distress and result in autonomic arousal and activation of a stress response. Ongoing or persistent stress can disrupt the stress response feedback mechanisms and result in elevated cortisol and pro-inflammatory cytokines which can cause damage to brain regions involved in the regulation of mood and emotion. We propose that the magnitude of the stress response experienced in response to psychological stressors depends on a number of modifiable psychological processes including an individual’s level of self-compassion, dispositional mindfulness, tendency to ruminate and attentional bias. We further propose that the stress response elected by psychological stressors can be meditated by influencing these modifiable psychological processes, and that meditation practices can decrease stress and improve mood by decreasing stress reactivity on a psychological, physiological and neurobiological level. We explore this in a narrative review. Meditation decreases blood pressure, heart rate, cortisol and cytokine levels. Meditation increases self-compassion, dispositional mindfulness and meta-cognition. Meditation improves attention and memory. Meditation results in brain changes in regions related to emotion regulation.
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45
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Tortella GR, Seabra AB, Padrão J, Díaz-San Juan R. Mindfulness and Other Simple Neuroscience-Based Proposals to Promote the Learning Performance and Mental Health of Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Brain Sci 2021; 11:552. [PMID: 33925627 PMCID: PMC8145019 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11050552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a negative impact on education. The restrictions imposed have undoubtedly led to impairment of the psychological well-being of both teachers and students, and of the way they experience interpersonal relationships. As reported previously in the literature, adverse effects such as loneliness, anxiety, and stress have resulted in a decrease in the cognitive performance of school and higher education students. Therefore, the objective of this work is to present a general overview of the reported adverse effects of the COVID-19 pandemic which may potentially influence the learning performance of students. Some neuroscientific findings related to memory and cognition, such as neuroplasticity and long-term potentiation, are also shown. We also discuss the positive effects of the practice of mindfulness, as well as other simple recommendations based on neuroscientific findings such as restful sleep, physical activity, and nutrition, which can act on memory and cognition. Finally, we propose some practical recommendations on how to achieve more effective student learning in the context of the pandemic. The aim of this review is to provide some assistance in this changing and uncertain situation in which we all find ourselves, and we hope that some of the information could serve as a starting point for hypotheses to be tested in educational research and their association with neuroscience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo R. Tortella
- Center of Excellence (CIBAMA-BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
- PhD Program in Natural Resource Sciences, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Amedea B. Seabra
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences (CCNH), Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Av. dos Estados, 5001-Bangú, Santo André 09210-580, SP, Brazil;
| | - Jorge Padrão
- Centre for Textile Science and Technology (2C2T), University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal;
| | - Rodrigo Díaz-San Juan
- Educational Neurosciences and Psychology Department, Centenario School, Temuco 4810936, Chile;
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Obleser J, Kreitewolf J, Vielhauer R, Lindner F, David C, Oster H, Tune S. Circadian fluctuations in glucocorticoid level predict perceptual discrimination sensitivity. iScience 2021; 24:102345. [PMID: 33870139 PMCID: PMC8047178 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Slow neurobiological rhythms, such as the circadian secretion of glucocorticoid (GC) hormones, modulate a variety of body functions. Whether and how endocrine fluctuations also exert an influence on perceptual abilities is largely uncharted. Here, we show that phasic increases in GC availability prove beneficial to auditory discrimination. In an age-varying sample of N = 68 healthy human participants, we characterize the covariation of saliva cortisol with perceptual sensitivity in an auditory pitch discrimination task at five time points across the sleep-wake cycle. First, momentary saliva cortisol levels were captured well by the time relative to wake-up and overall sleep duration. Second, within individuals, higher cortisol levels just prior to behavioral testing predicted better pitch discrimination ability, expressed as a steepened psychometric curve. This effect of GCs held under a set of statistical controls. Our results pave the way for more in-depth studies on neuroendocrinological determinants of sensory encoding and perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Obleser
- Department of Psychology, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
- Center for Brain, Behavior, and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jens Kreitewolf
- Department of Psychology, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Ricarda Vielhauer
- Department of Psychology, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Fanny Lindner
- Department of Psychology, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Carolin David
- Department of Psychology, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Henrik Oster
- Institute of Neurobiology, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
- Center for Brain, Behavior, and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Sarah Tune
- Department of Psychology, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
- Center for Brain, Behavior, and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
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Toledo-Corral CM, Alderete TL, Herting MM, Habre R, Peterson AK, Lurmann F, Goran MI, Weigensberg MJ, Gilliland FD. Ambient air pollutants are associated with morning serum cortisol in overweight and obese Latino youth in Los Angeles. Environ Health 2021; 20:39. [PMID: 33832509 PMCID: PMC8034084 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-021-00713-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA)-axis dysfunction has been associated with a variety of mental health and cardio-metabolic disorders. While causal models of HPA-axis dysregulation have been largely focused on either pre-existing health conditions or psychosocial stress factors, recent evidence suggests a possible role for central nervous system activation via air pollutants, such as nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone (O3) and particulate matter (PM). Therefore, in an observational study of Latino youth, we investigated if monthly ambient NO2, O3, and PM with aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 (PM2.5) exposure were associated with morning serum cortisol levels. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, morning serum cortisol level was assessed after a supervised overnight fast in 203 overweight and obese Latino children and adolescents (female/male: 88/115; mean age: 11.1 ± 1.7 years; pre-pubertal/pubertal/post-pubertal: 85/101/17; BMI z-score: 2.1 ± 0.4). Cumulative concentrations of NO2, O3 and PM2.5 were spatially interpolated at the residential addresses based on measurements from community monitors up to 12 months prior to testing. Single and multi-pollutant linear effects models were used to test the cumulative monthly lag effects of NO2, O3, and PM2.5 on morning serum cortisol levels after adjusting for age, sex, seasonality, social position, pubertal status, and body fat percent by DEXA. RESULTS Single and multi-pollutant models showed that higher O3 exposure (derived from maximum 8-h exposure windows) in the prior 1-7 months was associated with higher serum morning cortisol (p < 0.05) and longer term PM2.5 exposure (4-10 months) was associated with lower serum morning cortisol levels (p < 0.05). Stratification by pubertal status showed associations in pre-pubertal children compared to pubertal and post-pubertal children. Single, but not multi-pollutant, models showed that higher NO2 over the 4-10 month exposure period associated with lower morning serum cortisol (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Chronic ambient NO2, O3 and PM2.5 differentially associate with HPA-axis dysfunction, a mechanism that may serve as an explanatory pathway in the relationship between ambient air pollution and metabolic health of youth living in polluted urban environments. Further research that uncovers how ambient air pollutants may differentially contribute to HPA-axis dysfunction are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Toledo-Corral
- Department of Health Sciences, California State University Northridge, 18111 Nordhoff Street, Northridge, 91330, USA.
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Environmental Health Division, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, USA.
| | - T L Alderete
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, USA
| | - M M Herting
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Environmental Health Division, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, USA
| | - R Habre
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Environmental Health Division, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, USA
| | - A K Peterson
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Environmental Health Division, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, USA
| | - F Lurmann
- Sonoma Technology, Inc., Petaluma, USA
| | - M I Goran
- Childrens Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, USA
| | - M J Weigensberg
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, USA
| | - F D Gilliland
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Environmental Health Division, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, USA
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Wheelock MD, Goodman AM, Harnett NG, Wood KH, Mrug S, Granger DA, Knight DC. Sex-related Differences in Stress Reactivity and Cingulum White Matter. Neuroscience 2021; 459:118-128. [PMID: 33588003 PMCID: PMC7965343 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The prefrontal cortex and limbic system are important components of the neural circuit that underlies stress and anxiety. These brain regions are connected by white matter tracts that support neural communication including the cingulum, uncinate fasciculus, and the fornix/stria-terminalis. Determining the relationship between stress reactivity and these white matter tracts may provide new insight into factors that underlie stress susceptibility and resilience. Therefore, the present study investigated sex differences in the relationship between stress reactivity and generalized fractional anisotropy (GFA) of the white matter tracts that link the prefrontal cortex and limbic system. Diffusion weighted images were collected and deterministic tractography was completed in 104 young adults (55 men, 49 women; mean age = 18.87 SEM = 0.08). Participants also completed self-report questionnaires (e.g., Trait Anxiety) and donated saliva (later assayed for cortisol) before, during, and after the Trier Social Stress Test. Results revealed that stress reactivity (area under the curve increase in cortisol) and GFA of the cingulum bundle varied by sex. Specifically, men demonstrated greater cortisol reactivity and greater GFA within the cingulum than women. Further, an interaction between sex, stress reactivity, and cingulum GFA was observed in which men demonstrated a positive relationship while women demonstrated a negative relationship between GFA and cortisol reactivity. Finally, trait anxiety was positively associated with the GFA of the fornix/stria terminalis - the white matter pathways that connect the hippocampus/amygdala to the hypothalamus. These findings advance our understanding of factors that underlie individual differences in stress reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Wheelock
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1720 2nd Ave S, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - A M Goodman
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1720 2nd Ave S, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - N G Harnett
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1720 2nd Ave S, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - K H Wood
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1720 2nd Ave S, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - S Mrug
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1720 2nd Ave S, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - D A Granger
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Salivary Bioscience Research, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, and Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 525 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - D C Knight
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1720 2nd Ave S, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
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Watermeyer T, Robb C, Gregory S, Udeh-Momoh C. Therapeutic implications of hypothalamic-pituitaryadrenal-axis modulation in Alzheimer's disease: A narrative review of pharmacological and lifestyle interventions. Front Neuroendocrinol 2021; 60:100877. [PMID: 33045258 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2020.100877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
With disease-modifying treatments for Alzheimer's disease (AD) still elusive, the search for alternative intervention strategies has intensified. Growing evidence suggests that dysfunction in hypothalamic-pituitaryadrenal-axis (HPAA) activity may contribute to the development of AD pathology. The HPAA, may therefore offer a novel target for therapeutic action. This review summarises and critically evaluates animal and human studies investigating the effects of pharmacological and non-pharmacological intervention on HPAA modulation alongside cognitive performance. The interventions discussed include glucocorticoid receptor antagonists and 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase inhibitors as well as lifestyle treatments such as physical activity, diet, sleep and contemplative practices. Pharmacological HPAA modulators improve pathology and cognitive deficit in animal AD models, but human pharmacological trials are yet to provide definitive support for such benefits. Lifestyle interventions may offer promising strategies for HPAA modification and cognitive health, but several methodological caveats across these studies were identified. Directions for future research in AD studies are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamlyn Watermeyer
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle, UK; Edinburgh Dementia Prevention, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Catherine Robb
- Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London, UK
| | - Sarah Gregory
- Edinburgh Dementia Prevention, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Chinedu Udeh-Momoh
- Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London, UK; Translational Health Sciences, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
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Krivanek TJ, Gale SA, McFeeley BM, Nicastri CM, Daffner KR. Promoting Successful Cognitive Aging: A Ten-Year Update. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 81:871-920. [PMID: 33935078 PMCID: PMC8293659 DOI: 10.3233/jad-201462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A decade has passed since we published a comprehensive review in this journal addressing the topic of promoting successful cognitive aging, making this a good time to take stock of the field. Because there have been limited large-scale, randomized controlled trials, especially following individuals from middle age to late life, some experts have questioned whether recommendations can be legitimately offered about reducing the risk of cognitive decline and dementia. Despite uncertainties, clinicians often need to at least make provisional recommendations to patients based on the highest quality data available. Converging lines of evidence from epidemiological/cohort studies, animal/basic science studies, human proof-of-concept studies, and human intervention studies can provide guidance, highlighting strategies for enhancing cognitive reserve and preventing loss of cognitive capacity. Many of the suggestions made in 2010 have been supported by additional research. Importantly, there is a growing consensus among major health organizations about recommendations to mitigate cognitive decline and promote healthy cognitive aging. Regular physical activity and treatment of cardiovascular risk factors have been supported by all of these organizations. Most organizations have also embraced cognitively stimulating activities, a heart-healthy diet, smoking cessation, and countering metabolic syndrome. Other behaviors like regular social engagement, limiting alcohol use, stress management, getting adequate sleep, avoiding anticholinergic medications, addressing sensory deficits, and protecting the brain against physical and toxic damage also have been endorsed, although less consistently. In this update, we review the evidence for each of these recommendations and offer practical advice about behavior-change techniques to help patients adopt brain-healthy behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor J. Krivanek
- Center for Brain/Mind Medicine, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Hale Building for Transformative Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Seth A. Gale
- Center for Brain/Mind Medicine, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Hale Building for Transformative Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brittany M. McFeeley
- Center for Brain/Mind Medicine, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Hale Building for Transformative Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Casey M. Nicastri
- Center for Brain/Mind Medicine, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Hale Building for Transformative Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kirk R. Daffner
- Center for Brain/Mind Medicine, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Hale Building for Transformative Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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