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Hoffmann SW, Schierbauer J, Zimmermann P, Voit T, Grothoff A, Wachsmuth N, Rössler A, Lackner HK, Moser O. Effects of light-intensity physical activity on cardiometabolic parameters in young adults with overweight and obesity: The SED-ACT randomized controlled crossover trial. Diabetes Obes Metab 2024; 26:3849-3859. [PMID: 38923193 DOI: 10.1111/dom.15732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate how a change in body position with light-intensity physical activity (PA) 'snacks' (LIPAS, alternate sitting and standing, walking or standing continuously) compared with uninterrupted prolonged sitting affects glucose metabolism and heart rate variability (HRV) parameters in young adults with overweight and obesity. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a four-arm randomized controlled crossover trial. The following conditions were tested during an 8-h simulated workday: uninterrupted prolonged sitting (SIT), alternate sitting and standing (SIT-STAND; 2.5 h total), continuous standing (STAND), and continuous walking (1.0 mph; WALK). The primary outcome was to investigate how a change in body position (alternate sitting and standing, walking or standing continuously) compared with uninterrupted sitting affects mean 8-h glucose metabolism. Secondary outcomes included the effects on 2-h postprandial glucose concentrations, as well as on 8-h/24-h heart rate and HRV parameters, in the respective study arms. Capillary blood samples were drawn from an hyperemised earlobe in the fasted state and once every hour during each trial intervention by puncturing the earlobe with a lancet and collecting 20 μL of blood (Biosen S-Line Lab+; EKF diagnostics, Barleben, Germany). HRV was assessed for 24 h including the 8-h intervention phase, and a home phase by means of a Holter electrocardiogram. All participants received the same standardized non-relativised breakfast and lunch during the four trial visits. RESULTS Seventeen individuals (eight women, mean age 23.4 ± 3.3 years, body mass index 29.7 ± 3.8 kg/m2, glycated haemoglobin level 34.8 ± 3.1 mmol/mol [5.4 ± 0.3%], body fat 31.8 ± 8.2%) completed all four trial arms. Compared with SIT (89.4 ± 6.8 mg/dL), 8-h mean glucose was lower in all other conditions (p < 0.05) and this was statistically significant compared with WALK (86.3 ± 5.2 mg/dL; p = 0.034). Two-hour postprandial glucose after breakfast was approximately 7% lower for WALK compared with SIT (p = 0.002). Furthermore, significant time × condition effects on HRV parameters favouring light-intensity walking were observed (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Replacement and interruption of prolonged sitting with light-intensity walking showed a significant blood glucose-lowering effect and improved HRV during an 8-h work environment in young adults with overweight and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sascha W Hoffmann
- Division of Theory and Practice of Sports and Fields of Physical Activity, BaySpo-Bayreuth Center of Sport Science, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Janis Schierbauer
- Division of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, BaySpo-Bayreuth Center of Sport Science, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Paul Zimmermann
- Division of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, BaySpo-Bayreuth Center of Sport Science, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Thomas Voit
- Division of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, BaySpo-Bayreuth Center of Sport Science, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Auguste Grothoff
- Division of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, BaySpo-Bayreuth Center of Sport Science, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Nadine Wachsmuth
- Division of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, BaySpo-Bayreuth Center of Sport Science, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Andreas Rössler
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Helmut K Lackner
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Othmar Moser
- Division of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, BaySpo-Bayreuth Center of Sport Science, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Metabolic Medicine Trials Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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Hoffmann SW, Schierbauer J, Zimmermann P, Voit T, Grothoff A, Wachsmuth NB, Rössler A, Niedrist T, Lackner HK, Moser O. Effects of Interrupting Prolonged Sitting with Light-Intensity Physical Activity on Inflammatory and Cardiometabolic Risk Markers in Young Adults with Overweight and Obesity: Secondary Outcome Analyses of the SED-ACT Randomized Controlled Crossover Trial. Biomolecules 2024; 14:1029. [PMID: 39199416 DOI: 10.3390/biom14081029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2024] [Revised: 08/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Sedentary behavior (SB) is an essential risk factor for obesity, cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes. Though certain levels of physical activity (PA) may attenuate the detrimental effects of SB, the inflammatory and cardiometabolic responses involved are still not fully understood. The focus of this secondary outcome analysis was to describe how light-intensity PA snacks (LIPASs, alternate sitting and standing, walking or standing continuously) compared with uninterrupted prolonged sitting affect inflammatory and cardiometabolic risk markers. Seventeen young adults with overweight and obesity participated in this study (eight females, 23.4 ± 3.3 years, body mass index (BMI) 29.7 ± 3.8 kg/m2, glycated hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) 5.4 ± 0.3%, body fat 31.8 ± 8.2%). Participants were randomly assigned to the following conditions which were tested during an 8 h simulated workday: uninterrupted prolonged sitting (SIT), alternate sitting and standing (SIT-STAND, 2.5 h total standing time), continuous standing (STAND), and continuous walking (1.6 km/h; WALK). Each condition also included a standardized non-relativized breakfast and lunch. Venous blood samples were obtained in a fasted state at baseline (T0), 1 h after lunch (T1) and 8 h after baseline (T2). Inflammatory and cardiometabolic risk markers included interleukin-6 (IL-6), c-reactive protein (CRP), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides (TGs), visceral fat area (VFA), triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, two lipid ratio measures, TG/HDL-C and TC/HDL-C, albumin, amylase (pancreatic), total protein, uric acid, and urea. We found significant changes in a broad range of certain inflammatory and cardiometabolic risk markers during the intervention phase for IL-6 (p = 0.014), TG (p = 0.012), TC (p = 0.017), HDL-C (p = 0.020), LDL-C (p = 0.021), albumin (p = 0.003), total protein (p = 0.021), and uric acid (p = 0.040) in favor of light-intensity walking compared with uninterrupted prolonged sitting, alternate sitting and standing, and continuous standing. We found no significant changes in CRP (p = 0.529), creatinine (p = 0.199), TyG (p = 0.331), and the lipid ratios TG/HDL-C (p = 0.793) and TC/HDL-C (p = 0.221) in response to the PA snack. During a simulated 8 h work environment replacement and interruption of prolonged sitting with light-intensity walking, significant positive effects on certain inflammatory and cardiometabolic risk markers were found in young adults with overweight and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sascha W Hoffmann
- Division of Theory and Practice of Sports and Fields of Physical Activity, BaySpo-Bayreuth Center of Sport Science, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Janis Schierbauer
- Division of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, BaySpo-Bayreuth Center of Sport Science, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Paul Zimmermann
- Division of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, BaySpo-Bayreuth Center of Sport Science, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Thomas Voit
- Division of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, BaySpo-Bayreuth Center of Sport Science, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Auguste Grothoff
- Division of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, BaySpo-Bayreuth Center of Sport Science, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Nadine B Wachsmuth
- Division of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, BaySpo-Bayreuth Center of Sport Science, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Andreas Rössler
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Tobias Niedrist
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Helmut K Lackner
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Othmar Moser
- Division of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, BaySpo-Bayreuth Center of Sport Science, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Metabolic Medicine Trials Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
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Nazaret A, Sapiro G. A large-scale observational study of the causal effects of a behavioral health nudge. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadi1752. [PMID: 37738345 PMCID: PMC10516489 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi1752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Nudges are interventions promoting healthy behavior without forbidding options or substantial incentives; the Apple Watch, for example, encourages users to stand by delivering a notification if they have been sitting for the first 50 minutes of an hour. On the basis of 76 billion minutes of observational standing data from 160,000 subjects in the public Apple Heart and Movement Study, we estimate the causal effect of this notification using a regression discontinuity design for time series data with time-varying treatment. We show that the nudge increases the probability of standing by up to 43.9% and remains effective with time. The nudge's effectiveness increases with age and is independent of gender. Closing Apple Watch Activity Rings, a visualization of participants' daily progress in Move, Exercise, and Stand, further increases the nudge's impact. This work demonstrates the effectiveness of behavioral health interventions and introduces tools for investigating their causal effect from large-scale observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achille Nazaret
- Department of Computer Science, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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Syeda UA, Battillo D, Visaria A, Malin SK. The importance of exercise for glycemic control in type 2 diabetes. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE OPEN 2023; 9:100031. [PMID: 39035065 PMCID: PMC11256236 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajmo.2023.100031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Exercise is a first-line therapy recommended for patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Although moderate to vigorous exercise (e.g. 150 min/wk) is often advised alongside diet and/or behavior modification, exercise is an independent treatment that can prevent, delay or reverse T2D. Habitual exercise, consisting of aerobic, resistance or their combination, fosters improved short- and long-term glycemic control. Recent work also shows high-intensity interval training is successful at lowering blood glucose, as is breaking up sedentary behavior with short-bouts of light to vigorous movement (e.g. up to 3min). Interestingly, performing afternoon compared with morning as well as post-meal versus pre-meal exercise may yield slightly better glycemic benefit. Despite these efficacious benefits of exercise for T2D care, optimal exercise recommendations remain unclear when considering, dietary, medication, and/or other behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- U.S. Afsheen Syeda
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Daniel Battillo
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Aayush Visaria
- Center for Pharmacoepidemiology and Treatment Sciences, Rutgers Institute for Health, Health Care Policy, and Aging Research, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Steven K. Malin
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
- Center for Pharmacoepidemiology and Treatment Sciences, Rutgers Institute for Health, Health Care Policy, and Aging Research, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
- New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
- Institute of Translational Medicine and Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
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Wright A, Stavres J, Galloway R, Donahue P, Sha Z, McCoy S. Aortic stiffness increases during prolonged sitting independent of intermittent standing or prior exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol 2023; 123:533-546. [PMID: 36334128 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-022-05079-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adverse vascular responses can occur during prolonged sitting, including stiffening of the aortic artery which may contribute to cardiovascular disease. Few studies have investigated the impact of intermittent standing and/or prior exercise as strategies to attenuate these potentially deleterious vascular changes. PURPOSE To investigate central vascular health responses during prolonged sitting, with and without intermittent standing and/or prior exercise. METHODS Fifteen males aged 18 to 31 years were recruited. Subjects completed a control condition [Sitting Only (SO)], and three randomized strategy conditions [Sitting Plus Standing (SSt), Exercise Plus Sitting (ES), Exercise Plus Sitting Plus Standing (ESSt)]. For all conditions, measurements of carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) were taken at pre- and post-intervention, and brachial and central blood pressure (BP) at pre-, 1-h, 2-h, and 3-h intervention. RESULTS cfPWV significantly increased from pre- to post-intervention for all conditions (all p ≤ 0.043), as did brachial mean arterial pressure (MAP) and diastolic BP, and central MAP and diastolic BP for the control condition (all p ≤ 0.022). Brachial and central systolic BP were significantly higher during SO compared to ESSt at 1 h, and compared to ES for central systolic BP (all p ≤ 0.036). CONCLUSIONS Strategies of intermittent standing and/or prior exercise may not prevent aortic stiffening during sitting but may attenuate BP elevations in the brachial and aortic arteries. Future research should investigate causal mechanistic links between sitting and aortic stiffening, and other attenuation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Wright
- School of Kinesiology and Nutrition, College of Education and Human Sciences, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, USA.
| | - Jon Stavres
- School of Kinesiology and Nutrition, College of Education and Human Sciences, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, USA
| | - Riley Galloway
- School of Kinesiology and Nutrition, College of Education and Human Sciences, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, USA
| | - Paul Donahue
- School of Kinesiology and Nutrition, College of Education and Human Sciences, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, USA
| | - Zhanxin Sha
- School of Kinesiology and Nutrition, College of Education and Human Sciences, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, USA
| | - Stephanie McCoy
- School of Kinesiology and Nutrition, College of Education and Human Sciences, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, USA
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Bell AC, Richards J, Zakrzewski-Fruer JK, Smith LR, Bailey DP. Sedentary Behaviour-A Target for the Prevention and Management of Cardiovascular Disease. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 20:532. [PMID: 36612852 PMCID: PMC9819496 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is highly prevalent and can lead to disability and premature mortality. Sedentary behaviour, defined as a low energy expenditure while sitting or lying down, has been identified as an independent risk factor for CVD. This article discusses (1) the association of total sedentary time and patterns of accumulating sedentary time with CVD risk markers, CVD incidence and mortality; (2) acute experimental evidence regarding the acute effects of reducing and breaking up sedentary time on CVD risk markers; and (3) the effectiveness of longer-term sedentary behaviour interventions on CVD risk. Findings suggest that under rigorously controlled laboratory and free-living conditions, breaking up sedentary time improves cardiovascular risk markers in individuals who are healthy, overweight or obese, or have impaired cardiovascular health. Breaking up sedentary time with walking may have the most widespread benefits, whereas standing breaks may be less effective, especially in healthy individuals. There is also growing evidence that sedentary behaviour interventions may benefit cardiovascular risk in the longer term (i.e., weeks to months). Reducing and breaking up sedentary time may, therefore, be considered a target for preventing and managing CVD. Further research is needed to determine the effectiveness of sedentary behaviour interventions over the long-term to appropriately inform guidelines for the management of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbie C. Bell
- Institute for Sport and Physical Activity Research, School of Sport Science and Physical Activity, University of Bedfordshire, Bedford MK41 9EA, UK
| | - Joanna Richards
- Institute for Sport and Physical Activity Research, School of Sport Science and Physical Activity, University of Bedfordshire, Bedford MK41 9EA, UK
| | - Julia K. Zakrzewski-Fruer
- Institute for Sport and Physical Activity Research, School of Sport Science and Physical Activity, University of Bedfordshire, Bedford MK41 9EA, UK
| | - Lindsey R. Smith
- Institute for Sport and Physical Activity Research, School of Sport Science and Physical Activity, University of Bedfordshire, Bedford MK41 9EA, UK
| | - Daniel P. Bailey
- Centre for Physical Activity in Health and Disease, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK
- Division of Sport, Health and Exercise Sciences, Department of Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK
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Dhungana RR, Pedisic Z, de Courten M. Implementation of non-pharmacological interventions for the treatment of hypertension in primary care: a narrative review of effectiveness, cost-effectiveness, barriers, and facilitators. BMC PRIMARY CARE 2022; 23:298. [PMID: 36418958 PMCID: PMC9686020 DOI: 10.1186/s12875-022-01884-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current guidelines for the prevention, detection, evaluation, and management of hypertension recommend six types of non-pharmacological interventions: alcohol reduction, salt intake reduction, increased potassium intake, physical activity, weight loss, and heart-healthy diets. However, the non-pharmacological interventions are still not widely used in primary care. In this paper, we, therefore, reviewed and summarised the evidence on the effectiveness, cost-effectiveness, barriers, and facilitators of non-pharmacological interventions for the treatment of hypertension in primary care. METHODS A thorough literature search was conducted in Embase, Google Scholar, and PubMed databases, to identify the most recent reviews or, in their absence, primary studies on alcohol reduction, salt intake reduction, potassium supplementation, physical activity, weight reduction, heart-healthy diets, and other non-pharmacological interventions for the treatment of hypertension in primary care. RESULTS Alcohol reduction is a non-pharmacological intervention for the treatment of hypertension in primary care with proven effectiveness, feasibility, and acceptability. Interventions for sodium intake reduction, physical activity, and weight reduction are effective but there is insufficient evidence regarding their feasibility and acceptability in primary care settings. Evidence on the effectiveness of potassium intake and heart-healthy diets is limited and inconsistent. There is a lack of evidence on the cost-effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions in the treatment of hypertension. The most common barriers to deliver such interventions related to healthcare providers include a lack of time, knowledge, self-confidence, resources, clear guidelines, and financial incentives. The most common barriers related to patients include a lack of motivation and educational resources. Less evidence is available on facilitators of implementing non-pharmacological interventions in primary care. Besides, facilitators differed by different types of interventions. CONCLUSIONS Available evidence suggests that more pragmatic, clinically feasible, and logistically simple interventions are required for sodium intake reduction, physical activity, and weight reduction in primary care settings. Future studies should provide further evidence on the effectiveness of weight control, potassium intake, and heart-healthy diets. More research is also needed on cost-effectiveness and facilitators of all types of effective non-pharmacological interventions for the treatment of hypertension in primary care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raja Ram Dhungana
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia.
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Zeljko Pedisic
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
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Daniele A, Lucas SJE, Rendeiro C. Detrimental effects of physical inactivity on peripheral and brain vasculature in humans: Insights into mechanisms, long-term health consequences and protective strategies. Front Physiol 2022; 13:998380. [PMID: 36237532 PMCID: PMC9553009 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.998380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The growing prevalence of physical inactivity in the population highlights the urgent need for a more comprehensive understanding of how sedentary behaviour affects health, the mechanisms involved and what strategies are effective in counteracting its negative effects. Physical inactivity is an independent risk factor for different pathologies including atherosclerosis, hypertension and cardiovascular disease. It is known to progressively lead to reduced life expectancy and quality of life, and it is the fourth leading risk factor for mortality worldwide. Recent evidence indicates that uninterrupted prolonged sitting and short-term inactivity periods impair endothelial function (measured by flow-mediated dilation) and induce arterial structural alterations, predominantly in the lower body vasculature. Similar effects may occur in the cerebral vasculature, with recent evidence showing impairments in cerebral blood flow following prolonged sitting. The precise molecular and physiological mechanisms underlying inactivity-induced vascular dysfunction in humans are yet to be fully established, although evidence to date indicates that it may involve modulation of shear stress, inflammatory and vascular biomarkers. Despite the steady increase in sedentarism in our societies, only a few intervention strategies have been investigated for their efficacy in counteracting the associated vascular impairments. The current review provides a comprehensive overview of the evidence linking acute and short-term physical inactivity to detrimental effects on peripheral, central and cerebral vascular health in humans. We further examine the underlying molecular and physiological mechanisms and attempt to link these to long-term consequences for cardiovascular health. Finally, we summarize and discuss the efficacy of lifestyle interventions in offsetting the negative consequences of physical inactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Daniele
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel J. E. Lucas
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Centre for Human Brain Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Catarina Rendeiro
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Centre for Human Brain Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Catarina Rendeiro,
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Effect of a 16-week multi-level classroom standing desk intervention on cognitive performance and academic achievement in adolescents. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14504. [PMID: 36050353 PMCID: PMC9437021 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18248-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The replacement of traditional classroom desks for active-permissive desks has been tested to reduce sitting time during classes. However, their impact on other domains is still unclear. We aimed to verify the potential effects of a classroom standing desk intervention on cognitive function and academic achievement in 6th-grade students. This was a controlled trial conducted with two classes [intervention (n = 22) and control (n = 27)] from a public school in Lisbon, Portugal. The intervention was carried out for 16 weeks and consisted of multi-level actions (students, parents, and teachers) centered on the implementation of standing desks in the intervention classroom. The control group had traditional classes with no use of standing desks or any other interference/action from the research team. Pre- and post-assessments of executive functions (attention, inhibitory function, memory, and fluid intelligence) and academic achievement were obtained. No differences between groups were found at baseline. Both groups improved (time effect) academic achievement (p < 0.001), memory span (p < 0.001), and inhibitory function (p = 0.008). Group versus time interactions were observed regarding operational memory (intervention: + 18.0% and control: + 41.6%; p = 0.039) and non-verbal fluid intelligence (intervention: − 14.0% and control: + 3.9%; p = 0.017). We concluded that a 16-week classroom standing desk intervention did not improve cognitive performance or academic achievement more than the traditional sitting classes. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier (NCT03137836) (date of first registration: 03/05/2017).
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A 12-Week Cycling Workstation Intervention Improves Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Healthy Inactive Office Workers. J Occup Environ Med 2022; 64:e467-e474. [DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000002583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Leonard KS, Mullane SL, Golden CA, Rydell SA, Mitchell NR, Koskan A, Estabrooks PA, Pereira MA, Buman MP. Qualitative comparative analysis of the implementation fidelity of a workplace sedentary reduction intervention. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1086. [PMID: 35641923 PMCID: PMC9158295 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13476-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stand and Move at Work was a 12-month, multicomponent, peer-led (intervention delivery personnel) worksite intervention to reduce sedentary time. Although successful, the magnitude of reduced sedentary time varied by intervention worksite. The purpose of this study was to use a qualitative comparative analysis approach to examine potential explanatory factors that could distinguish higher from lower performing worksites based on reduced sedentary time. METHODS We assessed 12-month changes in employee sedentary time objectively using accelerometers at 12 worksites. We ranked worksites based on the magnitude of change in sedentary time and categorized sites as higher vs. lower performing. Guided by the integrated-Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services framework, we created an indicator of intervention fidelity related to adherence to the protocol and competence of intervention delivery personnel (i.e., implementer). We then gathered information from employee interviews and surveys as well as delivery personnel surveys. These data were aggregated, entered into a truth table (i.e., a table containing implementation construct presence or absence), and used to examine differences between higher and lower performing worksites. RESULTS There were substantive differences in the magnitude of change in sedentary time between higher (-75.2 min/8 h workday, CI95: -93.7, -56.7) and lower (-30.3 min/8 h workday, CI95: -38.3, -22.7) performing worksites. Conditions that were present in all higher performing sites included implementation of indoor/outdoor walking route accessibility, completion of delivery personnel surveys, and worksite culture supporting breaks (i.e., adherence to protocol). A similar pattern was found for implementer willingness to continue role and employees using face-to-face interaction/stair strategies (i.e., delivery personnel competence). However, each of these factors were also present in some of the lower performing sites suggesting we were unable to identify sufficient conditions to predict program success. CONCLUSIONS Higher intervention adherence and implementer competence is necessary for greater program success. These findings illustrate the need for future research to identify what factors may influence intervention fidelity, and in turn, effectiveness. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02566317 . Registered 2 October 2015, first participant enrolled 11 January 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krista S Leonard
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, 425 N 5 th Street, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA.
| | - Sarah L Mullane
- Johnson & Johnson Health and Wellness Solutions, Inc, New Brunswick, USA
| | - Caitlin A Golden
- College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical School, Omaha, USA
| | - Sarah A Rydell
- School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | | | - Alexis Koskan
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, 425 N 5 th Street, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | | | - Mark A Pereira
- School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Matthew P Buman
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, 425 N 5 th Street, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
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Straub ER, Dames H, Kiesel A, Dignath D. Does body posture reduce the Stroop effect? Evidence from two conceptual replications and a meta-analysis. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2022; 224:103497. [PMID: 35091208 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2022.103497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Standing compared to sitting, for instance at work, is associated with positive physical and mental health consequences. Indeed, studies suggest that performance in cognitive conflict tasks (e.g., Color Stroop tasks) is improved when subjects perform the task while standing compared to sitting (Rosenbaum et al., 2018; Smith et al., 2019). However, a recent study failed to replicate these findings in five attempts (Caron et al., 2020). We aimed to shed light on these discrepant results by means of two conceptual replications and a meta-analysis. Replication experiments showed typical congruency effects in the Color Stroop task, but failed to find any influence of posture on the Stroop effect even when we subjected data to a more sensitive analysis that controlled for individual variances between participants. Additionally, an explorative Bayesian analysis confirmed that both replications provided strong evidence against an interaction between body posture and the Stroop effect. Meta-analytic results showed that the confidence interval of the overall effect size for a modulation of the Stroop effect by body posture includes the null. Together, our results question whether standing modulates the Stroop effect in Color Stroop tasks and points out limitations of the influence of body posture on cognitive control tasks.
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Buffey AJ, Herring MP, Langley CK, Donnelly AE, Carson BP. The Acute Effects of Interrupting Prolonged Sitting Time in Adults with Standing and Light-Intensity Walking on Biomarkers of Cardiometabolic Health in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Sports Med 2022; 52:1765-1787. [PMID: 35147898 PMCID: PMC9325803 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-022-01649-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Increasing evidence highlights that accumulating sitting time in prolonged bouts is detrimental to cardiometabolic health.
Objectives
This systematic review aimed to compare the effects of fractionating prolonged sitting with frequent short bouts of standing and light-intensity walking on cardiometabolic health markers and conduct a meta-analysis for differences in systolic blood pressure (SBP), postprandial glucose and insulin.
Methods
Experimental randomised crossover trials with at least three intervention arms that assessed interrupting sitting with frequent short bouts of standing and light-intensity walking over a single day compared to a prolonged sitting condition were retrieved. These studies measured at minimum one marker of cardiometabolic health in adults > 18 years. An electronic search was completed on the 2nd of August 2021, searching PubMed and Web of Science Core Collection, Scopus, Embase, Cochrane Library and APA PsycINFO. Risk of bias was assessed using a modified Downs and Black checklist. A meta-analysis was conducted using calculated Cohen’s d quantifying the magnitude of difference between experimental conditions.
Results
Seven studies met the inclusion criteria for the systematic review. All seven studies were included within the meta-analysis for postprandial glucose, four studies were pooled for postprandial insulin and three for SBP. Biomarkers of cardiometabolic health were discussed qualitatively if fewer than three studies measured and reported the variable. A meta-analysis of seven acute, 1-day randomised crossover trials that sampled mixed-sex adults (aged > 18 years) who were predominately overweight or participants with obesity found that standing as an interruption to prolonged sitting significantly reduced postprandial glucose (∆ = − 0.31, 95% CI − 0.60, − 0.03; z = − 2.15, p < 0.04) but had no significant effect on insulin or SBP. Light-intensity walking was shown to significantly attenuate postprandial glucose (∆ = − 0.72, 95% CI − 1.03, − 0.41; z = − 4.57, p < 0.001) and insulin (∆ = − 0.83, 95% CI − 1.18, − 0.48; z = − 4.66, p < 0.001) compared to continued sitting. When comparing light-intensity walking breaks compared to standing breaks a significant reduction in glucose (∆ = − 0.30, 95% CI − 0.52, − 0.08; z = -2.64, p < 0.009) and insulin (∆ = − 0.54, 95% CI − 0.75, − 0.33; z = -4.98, p < 0.001) was observed. Both standing and light-intensity walking showed no effect on SBP.
Conclusions
Frequent short interruptions of standing significantly attenuated postprandial glucose compared to prolonged sitting; however, light-intensity walking was found to represent a superior physical activity break. The feasibility and longitudinal implications of breaking sedentary behaviour with light-intensity walking should be investigated in a free-living setting.
Registration
Not available.
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da Silva GO, Santini LB, Farah BQ, Germano-Soares AH, Correia MA, Ritti-Dias RM. Effects of Breaking Up Prolonged Sitting on Cardiovascular Parameters: A systematic Review. Int J Sports Med 2022; 43:97-106. [PMID: 34535019 DOI: 10.1055/a-1502-6787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this systematic review was to analyze the acute and chronic effects of sitting breaks on cardiovascular parameters. PubMed and Web of Science databases were searched by two independent researchers for relevant studies published until February 2020. Acute or chronic studies reporting the effects of sitting breaks or reduction in sitting time on cardiovascular parameters were examined. The eligibility criteria followed PICOS: Population - Humans ≥ 18 years old; Interventions - Sitting break strategies; Comparisons - Uninterrupted sitting; Outcomes - Cardiovascular parameters (blood pressure, heart rate, ambulatory blood pressure, vascular function, pulse-wave velocity, cerebral blood flow and biomarkers); Study design - Randomized controlled trials, non-randomized non-controlled trials and randomized crossover trials. Forty-five studies were included, where 35 investigated the acute and 10 the chronic effects of sitting breaks or reductions in sitting time. Walking was the main acute study strategy, used in different volumes (1 min 30 s to 30 min), intensities (light to vigorous) and frequencies (every 20 min to every 2 h). Acute studies found improvements on cardiovascular parameters, especially blood pressure, flow-mediated dilation, and biomarkers, whereas chronic studies found improvements mostly on blood pressure. Breaking up or reducing sitting time improves cardiovascular parameters, especially with walking.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luiza Batista Santini
- Instituto Israelita de Ensino e Pesquisa, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Breno Quintella Farah
- Departament of Physical Education, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
- Post-graduate Program in Physical Education, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
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Griffiths TD, Crone D, Stembridge M, Lord RN. Co-Production at Work: The Process of Breaking Up Sitting Time to Improve Cardiovascular Health. A Pilot Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 19:361. [PMID: 35010622 PMCID: PMC8744924 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19010361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Prolonged sitting negatively affects several cardiovascular disease biomarkers. Current workplace physical activity interventions to reduce sitting result in inconsistent uptake and adherence rates. Co-production attempts to improve the translation of evidence to practice through engaging the participants within the intervention design, improving the context sensitivity and acceptability of the intervention. A needs analysis questionnaire was initially conducted (n = 157) to scope workplace behaviours and attitudes. A development group (n = 11) was consulted in focus groups around the needs analysis findings and asked to comment on the feasibility of a proposed intervention. A pilot intervention was then carried out (n = 5). The needs analysis indicated that only 1.8% (n = 4) engaged in occupational physical activity, and 68.7% (n = 103) sat for ≥6 h during their working day. Through the focus groups, an intervention breaking up sitting time hourly with five-minute walking breaks was co-produced. Cultural and pragmatic issues concerning the implementation of frequent physical activity breaks from sitting and the subsequent impact on work productivity were highlighted. The pilot intervention increased the number of breaks from sedentary behaviour from 2 to 11. The co-production methodology resulted in a research- and stakeholder-guided compromise. Large-scale intervention implementation is required before firm effectiveness conclusions can be made.
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The Effects of Acute Exposure to Prolonged Sitting, with and Without Interruption, on Peripheral Blood Pressure Among Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Sports Med 2021; 52:1369-1383. [PMID: 34932203 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-021-01614-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous reviews have shown that exposure to acute prolonged sitting can have detrimental effects on several cardiovascular and cardiometabolic health markers. However, to date, there has been no synthesis of peripheral blood pressure data (including systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and mean arterial pressure), an important and translatable marker of cardiovascular health. Similarly, no previous study has consolidated the effects of sitting interruptions on peripheral blood pressure. OBJECTIVES We aimed to (1) assess the effect of exposure to acute prolonged sitting on peripheral blood pressure and (2) determine the efficacy of sitting interruption strategies as a means of offsetting any negative effects. Subgroup analyses by age and interruption modality were performed to explore heterogeneity. DATA SOURCES Electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science and, SPORTDiscus) were searched from inception to March 2021. Reference lists of eligible studies and relevant reviews were also screened. STUDY SELECTION Inclusion criteria for objective (1) were: (i) peripheral blood pressure was assessed non-invasively in the upper limb pre-sitting and post-sitting; (ii) studies were either randomised controlled, randomised crossover or quasi-experimental pre-test vs post-test trials; (iii) the sitting period was ≥ 1 h; (iv) pre-sitting and post-sitting measures were performed in the same posture; and (v) participants were adults (aged ≥ 18 years), free of autonomic or neuromuscular dysfunction. Additional criteria for objective (2) were: (i) the interruption strategy was during the sitting period; (ii) there was an uninterrupted sitting control condition; and (iii) the interruption strategy must have involved participants actively moving their upper or lower limbs. APPRAISAL AND SYNTHESIS METHODS In total, 9763 articles were identified, of which 33 met inclusion criteria for objective (1). Of those articles, 22 met inclusion criteria for objective (2). Weighted mean difference (WMD), 95% confidence intervals (95% CI), and standardised mean difference (SMD) were calculated for all trials using inverse variance heterogeneity meta-analysis modelling. Standardised mean difference was used to determine the magnitude of effect, where < 0.2, 0.2, 0.5 and 0.8 were defined as trivial, small, moderate and large, respectively. RESULTS (1) Prolonged uninterrupted sitting resulted in trivial and small significant increases in systolic blood pressure (WMD = 3.2 mmHg, 95% CI 0.6 to 5.8, SMD = 0.14) and mean arterial pressure (WMD = 3.3 mmHg, 95% CI 2.2 to 4.4, SMD = 0.37), respectively, and a non-significant trivial increase in diastolic blood pressure. Subgroup analyses indicated that the increases in systolic blood pressure and mean arterial pressure were more pronounced in younger age groups. (2) Interrupting bouts of prolonged sitting resulted in significantly lower systolic blood pressure (WMD = - 4.4 mmHg, 95% CI - 7.4 to - 1.5, SMD = 0.26) and diastolic blood pressure (WMD = - 2.4 mmHg, 95% CI - 4.5 to - 0.3, SMD = 0.19) compared with control conditions, particularly when using aerobic interruption strategies. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to acute prolonged uninterrupted sitting results in significant increases in systolic blood pressure and mean arterial pressure, particularly in younger age groups. Regularly interrupting bouts of prolonged sitting, particularly with aerobic interruption strategies may reduce negative effects.
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Nelson-Wong E, Corrigan J, Mertz P, Kutcher S, Carlson I, DiRocco T, Hall-Nelson B. Office-workers maintain decreased workplace sitting time long-term following participation in a sit-stand desk intervention study. ERGONOMICS 2021; 65:1-9. [PMID: 34694213 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2021.1998647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies report decreased workplace sitting time when standing desk interventions are provided to office workers. It is unclear whether decreased sedentary behaviours are maintained long-term. This was a follow-up to a previous intervention study to investigate whether observed sitting time decreases of 30-50% were sustained 12-24 months later. A secondary aim was to compare overall physical activity between office workers with and without standing desks. Although sitting time increased over the follow-up period, this did not reach significance and reductions in workplace sitting remained significantly lower (23.5% decrease) from baseline values. There were no differences in the physical activity measures between workers with and without access to standing desks, although this was a small sample size and further research is needed. Individuals who are motivated to try standing desks at work can benefit through decreased sitting time long-term, however this may not extend to increased overall physical activity levels. Practitioner summary: Providing standing desk options to office-based employees can have long-lasting impacts with reducing sitting time at work. Office workers who choose to stand at work do not appear to compensate with overall activity level reduction outside of work.Abbreviations: LBP: low back pain; OSPAQ: occupational sitting and physical activity questionnaire; VAS: visual analog scale; ANOVA: analysis of variance; BMI: body mass index; ICC: intraclass correlation coefficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Nelson-Wong
- Augustana University Department of Physical Therapy, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
- Regis University School of Physical Therapy, Denver, CO, USA
| | - John Corrigan
- Regis University School of Physical Therapy, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Patrick Mertz
- Regis University School of Physical Therapy, Denver, CO, USA
| | | | - Ingrid Carlson
- Regis University School of Physical Therapy, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Tara DiRocco
- Regis University School of Physical Therapy, Denver, CO, USA
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Oye-Somefun A, Azizi Z, Ardern CI, Rotondi MA. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effect of treadmill desks on energy expenditure, sitting time and cardiometabolic health in adults. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:2082. [PMID: 34774020 PMCID: PMC8590128 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-12094-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background As the health risks of sedentary working environments become more clear, greater emphasis on the implementation of walking interventions to reduce sitting time is needed. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we investigate the role of treadmill-desk interventions on energy expenditure, sitting time, and cardiometabolic health in adults with sedentary occupations. Methods Relevant studies published in English were identified using CINAHL, EMBASE, MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed databases up to December 2020. Random effects meta-analysis models were used to pool study results. Results Thirteen relevant studies (six workplaces and seven laboratories) were found with a total of 351 participants. Pooled analysis of laboratory studies showed a significant increase in energy expenditure (105.23 kcal per hour, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 90.41 to 120.4), as well as metabolic rate (5.0 mL/kg/min, 95% CI: 3.35 to 6.64), among treadmill desk users compared to sitting conditions. No evidence of significant differences in blood pressure were found. In workplace studies, we observed a significant reduction in sitting time over a 24-h period (− 1.73 min per hour, 95% CI: − 3.3 to − 0.17) among users of treadmill desks, compared to a conventional desk. However, there were no evidence of statistically significant changes in other metabolic outcomes. Conclusions Treadmill desks offer a feasible and effective intervention to increase energy expenditure and metabolic rate and reduce sitting time while performing work-related tasks. Future studies are needed to increase generalizability to different workplace settings and further evaluate their impact on cardiometabolic health. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-021-12094-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akinkunle Oye-Somefun
- 222A Bethune College, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada.
| | - Zahra Azizi
- McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, Centre for Outcomes Research and Evaluation (CORE), 5252 De Maisonneuve Blvd, Montréal, QC, H4A 3S5, Canada
| | - Chris I Ardern
- 344 Bethune College, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Michael A Rotondi
- 364 Bethune College, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada
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20
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Al-Raddadi R, Al-Ahmadi J, Bahijri S, Ajabnoor GM, Jambi H, Enani S, Eldakhakhny BM, Alsheikh L, Borai A, Tuomilehto J. Gender Differences in The Factors associated with Hypertension in Non-Diabetic Saudi Adults-A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182111371. [PMID: 34769893 PMCID: PMC8583204 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182111371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The association between lifestyle practices, obesity and increased BP are under-investigated. We aimed to investigate this association to identify the factors associated with hypertension and prehypertension in Saudis. Non-diabetic adults were recruited from public healthcare centers using a cross-sectional design. Recruits were interviewed using a predesigned questionnaire. Weight, height, waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), neck circumference (NC) and BP were measured. The variables were analyzed by comparing the prehypertensive and hypertensive groups with the normotensive group. A total of 1334 adults were included. The study found that 47.2% of men and 24.7% of women were prehypertensive, and 15.1% of men and 14.4% of women were hypertensive. High BMI, WC, NC, and WC: HC ratios were associated with an increased risk of prehypertension and hypertension in men and women. Low physical activity was associated with an increased risk of elevated BP in men, while sleep duration of ≤6 h and sitting for ≥4 h were associated with increased risk in women. Women from central Asia, southeast Asia, and those of mixed origin had a higher prevalence of hypertension compared to those from Arabian tribes. In conclusion, prehypertension and hypertension increase with age and obesity. Gender differences were apparent in the association between several lifestyle practices and prehypertension or hypertension among various ethnic/racial groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajaa Al-Raddadi
- Saudi Diabetes Research Group, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 3270, Saudi Arabia; (R.A.-R.); (J.A.-A.); (G.M.A.); (H.J.); (S.E.); (B.M.E.); (L.A.); (A.B.); (J.T.)
- Food, Nutrition and Lifestyle Research Unit, King Fahd for Medical Research Centre, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jawaher Al-Ahmadi
- Saudi Diabetes Research Group, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 3270, Saudi Arabia; (R.A.-R.); (J.A.-A.); (G.M.A.); (H.J.); (S.E.); (B.M.E.); (L.A.); (A.B.); (J.T.)
- Food, Nutrition and Lifestyle Research Unit, King Fahd for Medical Research Centre, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suhad Bahijri
- Saudi Diabetes Research Group, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 3270, Saudi Arabia; (R.A.-R.); (J.A.-A.); (G.M.A.); (H.J.); (S.E.); (B.M.E.); (L.A.); (A.B.); (J.T.)
- Food, Nutrition and Lifestyle Research Unit, King Fahd for Medical Research Centre, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-564-370-571
| | - Ghada M. Ajabnoor
- Saudi Diabetes Research Group, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 3270, Saudi Arabia; (R.A.-R.); (J.A.-A.); (G.M.A.); (H.J.); (S.E.); (B.M.E.); (L.A.); (A.B.); (J.T.)
- Food, Nutrition and Lifestyle Research Unit, King Fahd for Medical Research Centre, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanan Jambi
- Saudi Diabetes Research Group, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 3270, Saudi Arabia; (R.A.-R.); (J.A.-A.); (G.M.A.); (H.J.); (S.E.); (B.M.E.); (L.A.); (A.B.); (J.T.)
- Food, Nutrition and Lifestyle Research Unit, King Fahd for Medical Research Centre, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Sciences and Design, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 3270, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sumia Enani
- Saudi Diabetes Research Group, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 3270, Saudi Arabia; (R.A.-R.); (J.A.-A.); (G.M.A.); (H.J.); (S.E.); (B.M.E.); (L.A.); (A.B.); (J.T.)
- Food, Nutrition and Lifestyle Research Unit, King Fahd for Medical Research Centre, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Sciences and Design, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 3270, Saudi Arabia
| | - Basmah Medhat Eldakhakhny
- Saudi Diabetes Research Group, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 3270, Saudi Arabia; (R.A.-R.); (J.A.-A.); (G.M.A.); (H.J.); (S.E.); (B.M.E.); (L.A.); (A.B.); (J.T.)
- Food, Nutrition and Lifestyle Research Unit, King Fahd for Medical Research Centre, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lubna Alsheikh
- Saudi Diabetes Research Group, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 3270, Saudi Arabia; (R.A.-R.); (J.A.-A.); (G.M.A.); (H.J.); (S.E.); (B.M.E.); (L.A.); (A.B.); (J.T.)
- Food, Nutrition and Lifestyle Research Unit, King Fahd for Medical Research Centre, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anwar Borai
- Saudi Diabetes Research Group, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 3270, Saudi Arabia; (R.A.-R.); (J.A.-A.); (G.M.A.); (H.J.); (S.E.); (B.M.E.); (L.A.); (A.B.); (J.T.)
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), College of Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah 22384, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jaakko Tuomilehto
- Saudi Diabetes Research Group, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 3270, Saudi Arabia; (R.A.-R.); (J.A.-A.); (G.M.A.); (H.J.); (S.E.); (B.M.E.); (L.A.); (A.B.); (J.T.)
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Public Health Promotion Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, 00271 Helsinki, Finland
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Hall ME, Cohen JB, Ard JD, Egan BM, Hall JE, Lavie CJ, Ma J, Ndumele CE, Schauer PR, Shimbo D. Weight-Loss Strategies for Prevention and Treatment of Hypertension: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Hypertension 2021; 78:e38-e50. [PMID: 34538096 DOI: 10.1161/hyp.0000000000000202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular and renal diseases in the United States and worldwide. Obesity accounts for much of the risk for primary hypertension through several mechanisms, including neurohormonal activation, inflammation, and kidney dysfunction. As the prevalence of obesity continues to increase, hypertension and associated cardiorenal diseases will also increase unless more effective strategies to prevent and treat obesity are developed. Lifestyle modification, including diet, reduced sedentariness, and increased physical activity, is usually recommended for patients with obesity; however, the long-term success of these strategies for reducing adiposity, maintaining weight loss, and reducing blood pressure has been limited. Effective pharmacotherapeutic and procedural strategies, including metabolic surgeries, are additional options to treat obesity and prevent or attenuate obesity hypertension, target organ damage, and subsequent disease. Medications can be useful for short- and long-term obesity treatment; however, prescription of these drugs is limited. Metabolic surgery is effective for producing sustained weight loss and for treating hypertension and metabolic disorders in many patients with severe obesity. Unanswered questions remain related to the mechanisms of obesity-related diseases, long-term efficacy of different treatment and prevention strategies, and timing of these interventions to prevent obesity and hypertension-mediated target organ damage. Further investigation, including randomized controlled trials, is essential to addressing these questions, and emphasis should be placed on the prevention of obesity to reduce the burden of hypertensive cardiovascular and kidney diseases and subsequent mortality.
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Whipple MO, Masters KS, Huebschmann AG, Scalzo RL, Reusch JE, Bergouignan A, Regensteiner JG. Acute effects of sedentary breaks on vascular health in adults at risk for type 2 diabetes: A systematic review. Vasc Med 2021; 26:448-458. [PMID: 33977799 PMCID: PMC9074004 DOI: 10.1177/1358863x211009307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the available evidence regarding the acute effects of interrupting/breaking up prolonged sedentary behavior (SB) on vascular health among individuals at elevated risk for type 2 diabetes (T2D). Searches of MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases were conducted on April 7, 2020. Included studies: (1) examined the effect of breaking up prolonged SB in adults with or at elevated risk for T2D and (2) assessed a vascular health outcome, such as blood pressure (BP), flow-mediated dilation (FMD), pulse-wave velocity, or endothelin-1. A total of 20 articles (17 unique studies) were included. Only three studies reported adequate statistical power for the specified vascular outcome. The available evidence suggests that light and moderate intensity activity breaks are effective in acutely lowering BP when compared to prolonged sitting. The small number of studies that included FMD or other vascular outcomes prohibits conclusions regarding the impact of SB breaks on these outcomes. Few studies evaluating the impact of breaking up SB among adults at risk for T2D have included and been adequately powered to examine vascular outcomes, but our preliminary finding, that certain SB breaks improve BP, provides proof-of-concept for this line of inquiry. Future studies should examine both the acute and chronic vascular effects of breaking up SB among individuals most vulnerable to the effects of SB (e.g. older adults, those with T2D), as these individuals are both highly sedentary and at greatest risk of poor health outcomes. PROSPERO ID: CRD42020183423.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary O. Whipple
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
- Center for Women’s Health Research, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Kevin S. Masters
- Department of Psychology, Clinical Health Psychology, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO
- Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Amy G. Huebschmann
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
- Center for Women’s Health Research, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Rebecca L. Scalzo
- Center for Women’s Health Research, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
- Rocky Mountain Regional VA, Aurora, CO
| | - Jane E.B. Reusch
- Center for Women’s Health Research, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
- Rocky Mountain Regional VA, Aurora, CO
| | - Audrey Bergouignan
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
- Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, French National Center for Scientific Research, Université de Strasbourg, UMR 7178, Strasbourg, France
| | - Judith G. Regensteiner
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
- Center for Women’s Health Research, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
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23
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Silva GO, Carvalho JF, Kanegusuku H, Farah BQ, Correia MA, Ritti-Dias RM. Acute effects of breaking up sitting time with isometric exercise on cardiovascular health: Randomized crossover trial. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2021; 31:2044-2054. [PMID: 34270830 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to analyze the acute effects of breaking up prolonged sitting with isometric exercise on the cardiovascular health of sedentary adults. This is a three-condition randomized crossover trial. The sample was comprised of 17 subjects (11 women; 29 ± 10 years old; 25,1 ± 5,1 kg/m2 ). The participants completed, in randomized order, three experimental conditions (control, breaks with isometric leg extension exercise, and breaks with walking), with the order of the conditions determined through simple automatic randomization. All the conditions had in common a sitting period of 3 h. During the conditions with isometric exercise and walking breaks the participants performed breaks with isometric leg extension exercise and with walking every 30 min, while in the control condition they remained seated with no breaks. Before and after this period, vascular function (primary outcome), blood pressure, and cardiac autonomic modulation (secondary outcomes) were measured. Generalized estimated equations were used to analyze the data. The results did not indicate significant interaction effects for vascular function among experimental conditions (p > 0,05 for all). We also did not find significant interaction effects for systolic or diastolic blood pressure among the conditions (p > 0,05 for all). The heart rate variability parameters did not present significant interaction effects among conditions (p > 0,05 for all). In conclusion, breaking up sitting with isometric exercise does not seem to lead to significant effects on the cardiovascular health of sedentary adults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Breno Q Farah
- Physical Education Department, Rural Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife-PE, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, Brazil
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Barone Gibbs B, Conroy MB, Huber K, Muldoon MF, Perera S, Jakicic JM. Effect of Reducing Sedentary Behavior on Blood Pressure (RESET BP): Rationale, design, and methods. Contemp Clin Trials 2021; 106:106428. [PMID: 33971295 PMCID: PMC8222181 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2021.106428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Sedentary behavior (SB) has recently been recognized as a strong risk factor for cardiovascular disease, with new guidelines encouraging adults to 'sit less, move more.' Yet, there are few randomized trials demonstrating that reducing SB improves cardiovascular health. The Effect of Reducing Sedentary Behavior on Blood Pressure (RESET BP) randomized clinical trial addresses this gap by testing the effect of a 3-month SB reduction intervention on resting systolic BP. Secondary outcomes include other BP measures, pulse wave velocity, plasma renin activity and aldosterone, and objectively-measured SB (via thigh-mounted activPAL) and physical activity (via waist-worn GT3X accelerometer). RESET BP has a targeted recruitment of 300 adults with desk jobs, along with elevated, non-medicated BP (systolic BP 120-159 mmHg or diastolic BP 80-99 mmHg) and physical inactivity (self-reported aerobic physical activity below recommended levels). The multi-component intervention promotes 2-4 fewer hours of SB per day by replacing sitting with standing and light-intensity movement breaks. Participants assigned to the intervention condition receive a sit-stand desk attachment, a wrist-worn activity prompter, behavioral counseling every two weeks (alternating in-person and phone), and twice-weekly automated text messages. Herein, we review the study rationale, describe and evaluate recruitment strategies based on enrollment to date, and detail the intervention and assessment protocols. We also document our mid-trial adaptations to participant recruitment, intervention deployment, and outcome assessments due to the intervening COVID-19 pandemic. Our research methods, experiences to date, and COVID-specific accommodations could inform other research studying BP and hypertension or targeting working populations, including those seeking remote methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany Barone Gibbs
- Department of Health and Human Development, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America.
| | - Molly B Conroy
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America
| | - Kimberly Huber
- Department of Health and Human Development, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Matthew F Muldoon
- Department of Medicine, Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Subashan Perera
- Departments of Medicine and Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - John M Jakicic
- Department of Health and Human Development, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
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25
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The Effects of Interrupting Prolonged Sitting With Frequent Bouts of Light-Intensity Standing Exercises on Blood Pressure in Stroke Survivors: A Dose Escalation Trial. J Phys Act Health 2021; 18:988-997. [PMID: 34186510 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2020-0763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interrupting prolonged sitting acutely lowers blood pressure in nonstroke populations. However, the dose-response effect in stroke survivors is unknown. The authors investigated different doses of light-intensity standing exercises that interrupt prolonged sitting and reduce blood pressure immediately and over 24 hours in stroke survivors. METHODS Within-participant, laboratory-based, dose escalation trial. Conditions (8 h) were prolonged sitting and 2 experimental conditions of standing exercises with increasing frequency (3 cohorts, 2 × 5 min to 6 × 5 min). The primary outcome is the mean systolic blood pressure. RESULTS Twenty-nine stroke survivors (aged 66 [12] y) participated. Frequent bouts of standing exercises lowered the mean systolic blood pressure following the 4 × 5-minute (-2.1 mm Hg; 95% confidence interval [CI], -3.6 to -0.6) and 6 × 5-minute conditions (-2.3 mm Hg; 95% CI, -4.2 to -0.5) compared with prolonged sitting. Diastolic blood pressure was lowered following the 6 × 5-minute condition (-1.4 mm Hg; 95% CI, -2.7 to -0.2). The 24-hour systolic blood pressure increased following the 2 × 5-minute condition (6.9 mm Hg; 95% CI, 3.1 to 10.6). CONCLUSIONS Interrupting prolonged sitting with more frequent bouts of standing exercises lowers systolic and diastolic blood pressure in stroke survivors. However, reductions may only be short term, and investigations on sustained effects are warranted.
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Does Interrupting Prolonged Sitting With 10- or 20-Min Standing Attenuate Postprandial Glycemia and Blood Pressure in Middle-Aged and Older Adults With Type 2 Diabetes? J Aging Phys Act 2021; 29:968-975. [PMID: 34157676 DOI: 10.1123/japa.2020-0418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We carried out three types of 2-hr experimental sessions with middle-aged and older adults with Type 2 diabetes in order to examine the acute effect of interrupting prolonged sitting with varying periods of standing on postprandial glycemia and blood pressure (BP): (a) prolonged sitting after breakfast; (b) standing for 10 min, 30 min after breakfast; and (c) standing for 20 min, 30 min after breakfast. Glucose and BP were assessed before and after breakfast. A generalized linear model revealed no significant differences for the incremental area under the curve of glucose between standing for 10 min, 30 min after breakfast, versus prolonged sitting after breakfast (β = -4.5 mg/dl/2 hr, 95% CI [-17.3, 8.4]) and standing for 20 min, 30 min after breakfast, versus prolonged sitting after breakfast (β = 0.9 mg/dl/2 hr, 95% CI [-11.9, 13.7]). There was no difference in area under the curve of systolic and diastolic BP among the sessions. Interrupting prolonged sitting time with 10 or 20 min of standing 30 min after breakfast does not attenuate postprandial glycemia or BP in middle-aged and older adults with Type 2 diabetes.
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Hanif H, Orooj M, Parveen A. Effect of whole-body vibration after a resistance exercise bout on heart rate variability in hypertensive population. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 19:435-439. [PMID: 33991471 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2021-0064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the effect of whole-body vibration (WBV) in the recovery phase after resistance exercise (RE) bout on heart rate variability (HRV) and blood pressure (BP) in a hypertensive population. METHODS Twenty hypertensive males and females were randomly allocated into group A (RE bout), and group B (RE bout with WBV). Pre-test and post-test measure of HRV, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure were taken before and after RE and placebo WBV in one group and in another group of RE with WBV in the recovery phase. RESULTS There were no significant differences in both RE bout group and RE bout with WBV on HRV parameters but on BP it has shown significant improvement in both groups with a p value of SBP and DBP as 0.001 and 0.03 respectively but comparatively RE with WBV in recovery has greater improvement. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrated that RE bout using WBV has no improvement on HRV but it has significantly improved BP in hypertensive population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humaira Hanif
- Centre for Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi, India
| | - Munazzah Orooj
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Allied Health Sciences, Sharda University, Greater Noida, U.P., India
| | - Adila Parveen
- Centre for Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi, India
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English C, Weerasekara I, Carlos A, Chastin S, Crowfoot G, Fitzsimons C, Forster A, Holliday E, Janssen H, Mackie P, Mead G, Dunstan D. Investigating the rigour of research findings in experimental studies assessing the effects of breaking up prolonged sitting - extended scoping review. Braz J Phys Ther 2021; 25:4-16. [PMID: 32439303 PMCID: PMC7817869 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjpt.2020.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Sedentary behaviour research is a relatively new field, much of which has emerged since the widespread acceptance of clinical trial registration. The aim of this study was to investigate the trial registration and related issues in studies investigating the effect of frequent activity interruptions to prolonged sitting-time. METHODS Secondary analysis of a scoping review including systematic searches of databases and trial registries. We included experimental studies investigating the effects of frequent activity interruptions to prolonged sitting-time. RESULTS We identified 32 trials published in 45 papers. Only 16 (50%) trials were registered, with all 16 trials being completed and published. Of the unregistered trials, we identified three (19%) for which similarities in the sample size and participant demographics across papers was suggestive of duplicate publication. Identification of potential duplicate publications was difficult for the remaining 13 (81%). Results from 53 (76%) of the 70 registered outcomes were published, but 11 (69%) registered trials reported results from additional outcomes not prospectively registered. A total of 46 different outcomes (out of 53 reported outcome measures, similar measures were collated) were reported across all trials, 31 (67%) of which were collected in ≤2 trials. CONCLUSIONS We found direct evidence of trial registration issues in experimental trials of breaking up sitting-time. The lack of prospective registration of all trials, and the large number of outcomes measured per trial are key considerations for future research in this field. These issues are unlikely to be confined to the field of sedentary behaviour research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coralie English
- School of Health Sciences and Priority Research Centre for Stroke and Brain Injury, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia; Centre for Research Excellence in Stroke Recovery and Rehabilitation, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia.
| | - Ishanka Weerasekara
- School of Health Sciences and Priority Research Centre for Stroke and Brain Injury, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia; Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Anjelica Carlos
- School of Health Sciences and Priority Research Centre for Stroke and Brain Injury, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia; Hunter Stroke Service, Hunter New England Local Health District, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Sebastien Chastin
- Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; School of Health and Life Science, Institute of Applied Health Research, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK
| | - Gary Crowfoot
- School of Health Sciences and Priority Research Centre for Stroke and Brain Injury, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia; Centre for Research Excellence in Stroke Recovery and Rehabilitation, Florey Institute of Neuroscience, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Claire Fitzsimons
- Physical Activity for Health Research Centre, Institute of Sport, Physical Education and Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Anne Forster
- Academic Unit of Elderly Care and Rehabilitation, University of Leeds, Bradford, UK
| | - Elizabeth Holliday
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Heidi Janssen
- School of Health Sciences and Priority Research Centre for Stroke and Brain Injury, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia; Hunter Stroke Service, Hunter New England Local Health District, Newcastle, Australia; Centre for Research Excellence in Stroke Recovery and Rehabilitation, Florey Institute of Neuroscience, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Paul Mackie
- School of Health Sciences and Priority Research Centre for Stroke and Brain Injury, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia; Centre for Research Excellence in Stroke Recovery and Rehabilitation, Florey Institute of Neuroscience, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Gillian Mead
- Geriatric Medicine, Division of Health Sciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - David Dunstan
- Physical Activity Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
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Spehar SM, Gibbs BB, Muldoon M, Catov JM. Association of sedentary time with blood pressure in women of reproductive age. Prev Med Rep 2020; 20:101219. [PMID: 33145150 PMCID: PMC7593624 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2020.101219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
While the beneficial impact of moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) on blood pressure is well-understood, the relationship between sedentary time (ST) and blood pressure is less clear. We aimed to evaluate the associations between ST and BP in reproductive-age women. This cross-sectional analysis consisted of 431 women enrolled in the Placenta as a Window to Maternal Microvascular Disease Risk study at Magee-Womens Hospital. Blood pressure and self-reported physical activity and ST were collected 8-10 years after delivery at study enrollment. Logistic and linear regression models examined associations between ST and blood pressure and adjusted for MVPA. Women with the highest amount of ST were less likely to be normotensive and more likely to have elevated blood pressure and Stage II hypertension (p = 0.02). Each additional hour of ST was associated with an increased risk of Stage II hypertension (OR 1.12 [1.01-1.24]) and higher systolic blood pressure (0.45 mmHg [0.08-0.82]), diastolic blood pressure (0.29 mmHg [0.02-0.56]), and mean arterial pressure (0.34 mmHg [0.05-0.63]), after adjustment for covariates. This relationship was more apparent in women who participated in less MVPA (bottom 50th percentile) versus more MVPA (top 50th percentile). ST is associated with higher blood pressure, particularly in women who engage in less aerobic activity, and could serve as an important intervention target for reducing blood pressure and hypertension during the reproductive years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M. Spehar
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Bethany Barone Gibbs
- Department of Health and Physical Activity, School of Education, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Matthew Muldoon
- Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Janet M. Catov
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences and Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine and Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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Wanders L, Cuijpers I, Kessels RPC, van de Rest O, Hopman MTE, Thijssen DHJ. Impact of prolonged sitting and physical activity breaks on cognitive performance, perceivable benefits, and cardiometabolic health in overweight/obese adults: The role of meal composition. Clin Nutr 2020; 40:2259-2269. [PMID: 33873267 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Physical activity (PA) breaks may effectively attenuate the detrimental impact of prolonged sitting on acute cognitive performance, perceivable benefits (e.g. mood), vascular function, and metabolic health. To date, the impact of meal composition on the effects of sedentary behavior and/or PA breaks on health has been scarcely studied. Therefore, our aim was to investigate whether meal composition alters how sedentary behavior and PA breaks affect these acute health outcomes. METHODS A total of 24 overweight and obese, sedentary adults completed four conditions in randomized order in a cross-over design: [a] high-protein, low-fat breakfast (HPLF) + 4hrs uninterrupted sitting (SIT), [b] HPLF + 4hrs interrupted sitting (ACT; 5-min cycling every 30 min), [c] Western breakfast (WEST; higher in fats/simple sugars, lower in protein/fiber) + SIT, [d] WEST + ACT. WEST and HPLF were isocaloric. Linear mixed models were used to examine changes in cognitive performance (Test of Attentional Performance), perceivable benefits (Likert-scales, Profile of Mood States questionnaire), vascular health (carotid artery reactivity, blood pressure), and metabolic health (post-breakfast glucose, insulin, lipids). RESULTS Independent of meal composition, we did not observe any effect of PA breaks on cognitive performance, vascular health and post-breakfast lipid responses. PA breaks delayed post-breakfast mood and vigor decrements, as well as increases in fatigue and sleepiness (all p < 0.05), but effects were independent of meal composition (p > 0.05). WEST resulted in higher post-breakfast glucose levels compared to HPLF (p < 0.05), while PA breaks did not impact this response (p > 0.05). PA breaks reduced post-breakfast insulin (p < 0.05), which did not differ between meals (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The acute impact of PA breaks and/or prolonged sitting on cognitive performance, perceivable benefits, and vascular and metabolic health was not altered by the composition of a single meal in overweight/obese, sedentary adults. Possibly, breaking up prolonged sitting, rather than meal composition, is a more potent strategy to impact acute health outcomes, such as perceivable benefits and insulin levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Wanders
- TiFN, P.O. Box 557, 6700 AN, Wageningen, the Netherlands; Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Department of Physiology, Radboud university medical center, Radboudumc, Department of Physiology (392), P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Iris Cuijpers
- Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Department of Physiology, Radboud university medical center, Radboudumc, Department of Physiology (392), P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Roy P C Kessels
- Department of Medical Psychology, Radboud university medical center, Radboudumc, Department of Medical Psychology (925), P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, P.O. Box 9104, 6500 HE, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Ondine van de Rest
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, Division of Human Nutrition and Health (Bode 62), P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Maria T E Hopman
- Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Department of Physiology, Radboud university medical center, Radboudumc, Department of Physiology (392), P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Dick H J Thijssen
- Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Department of Physiology, Radboud university medical center, Radboudumc, Department of Physiology (392), P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, L3 3AF, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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31
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Alansare AB, Kowalsky RJ, Jones MA, Perdomo SJ, Stoner L, Gibbs BB. The Effects of a Simulated Workday of Prolonged Sitting on Seated versus Supine Blood Pressure and Pulse Wave Velocity in Adults with Overweight/Obesity and Elevated Blood Pressure. J Vasc Res 2020; 57:355-366. [PMID: 32937620 PMCID: PMC7666078 DOI: 10.1159/000510294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the effects of a simulated workday of prolonged sitting on blood pressure (BP) and pulse wave velocity (PWV) and examined whether posture (seated vs. supine) affected responses. Participants (n = 25) were adults, with overweight/obesity and elevated BP, and performed seated desk work for 7.5 h. BP and PWV were measured in seated and supine postures at baseline (7:15 a.m.), midday (12:05 p.m.), and afternoon (4:45 p.m.). Generalized linear mixed models evaluated the effects of prolonged sitting on BP and PWV within each posture and interactions by posture and sex. In the recommended postures, seated BP and supine carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) and carotid-ankle pulse wave velocity (caPWV), but not carotid-radial pulse wave velocity (crPWV), significantly increased over the simulated seated workday (all p < 0.05; effect sizes [d] ranged from 0.25 to 0.44). Whilst no posture-by-time interactions were observed (p > 0.05), BP, caPWV, and crPWV were higher when seated versus supine (main effects of posture p < 0.05; d ranged from 0.30 to 1.04). Exploratory analysis revealed that females had greater seated BP responses (p for interaction <0.05); seated PWV and supine BP and PWV responses were similar by sex (p for interaction >0.05). A simulated workday of prolonged sitting increased seated BP and supine cfPWV and caPWV, and posture minimally influenced these responses. These results add to the evidence suggesting a deleterious effect of prolonged sitting on cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Bandar Alansare
- Department of Health and Physical Activity, College of Education, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA,
- Department of Exercise Physiology, College of Sport Sciences and Physical Activity, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,
| | - Robert J Kowalsky
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, College of Education and Human Performance, Texas A&M University-Kingsville, Kingsville, Texas, USA
| | - Melissa A Jones
- Department of Health and Physical Activity, College of Education, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sophy J Perdomo
- Department of Health and Physical Activity, College of Education, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lee Stoner
- Department of Sport and Exercise, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Bethany Barone Gibbs
- Department of Health and Physical Activity, College of Education, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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32
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Nelson-Wong E, Gallagher K, Johnson E, Antonioli C, Ferguson A, Harris S, Johnson H, Miller JB. Increasing standing tolerance in office workers with standing-induced back pain. ERGONOMICS 2020; 63:804-817. [PMID: 32330093 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2020.1761034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Sit-stand desks are popular however many people have standing-induced low back pain (LBP). People with LBP have fewer standing weight shifts compared with back-healthy people. Participants were classified as standing-tolerant or intolerant. Participants were provided sit-stand desks for 12 weeks. Participants were assigned to intervention (graded standing exposure and exercise) or control (no instruction) conditions. Participants reported weekly sitting time and average/worst LBP. Standing weight shifts and LBP were re-assessed post-intervention. All groups decreased sitting time (range: 30-50%) over 12 weeks. Sitting time and average LBP were correlated in all standing-intolerant individuals, worst LBP and sitting time were correlated for intervention group only. All standing-intolerant individuals increased standing weight shifts and decreased LBP after 12-weeks. Standing-intolerant individuals benefitted from 12-weeks of sit-stand desk use regardless of intervention. Motivated individuals with standing-induced LBP may increase standing tolerance with sit-stand desk use. Additional benefits may exist when structured guidance is provided. Practitioner summary: Many people are standing-intolerant due to low back pain (LBP). This lab and field-based study showed some benefits from structured approaches to gradually progress standing time when transitioning to standing work. Using a sit-stand desk for 12 weeks resulted in decreased LBP and sitting time in standing-intolerant people. Abbreviations: LBP: low back pain; OSPAQ: Occupational Sitting and Physical Activity Questionnaire; VAS: visual analog scale; GRF: ground reaction force; WeekVASMAX: worst low back pain reported on visual analog scale for prior week; WeekVASAVE: average low back pain reported on visual analog scale for prior week; ICC: intraclass correlation coefficient; LabVASMAX: worst low back pain reported on visual analog scale during lab-based standing; LabVASAVE: average low back pain reported on visual analog scale during lab-based standing; FvR,L: vertical ground reaction force for right and left force plate; BWSSMALL: small (10-29% body weight) body weight shift; BWSLARGE: large (> 30% body weight) body weight shift; ActivPALSED: ActivePAL data for sedentary time; ActivPALSTND: ActivePAL data for standing time; ANOVA: analysis of variance; Standing Intolerant-INT: standing intolerant participants assigned to intervention condition; Standing Intolerant-CON: standing intolerant participants assigned to control condition; Standing Tolerant-INT: standing tolerant participants assigned to intervention condition; Standing Tolerant-CON: standing tolerant participants assigned to control condition; SI: standing intolerant; ST: standing tolerant; INT: intervention; CON: control.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kaitlin Gallagher
- College of Education and Health Professions, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | | | - Clare Antonioli
- School of Physical Therapy, Regis University, Denver, CO, USA
| | | | - Staci Harris
- School of Physical Therapy, Regis University, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Holly Johnson
- School of Physical Therapy, Regis University, Denver, CO, USA
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When Urban Environment Is Restorative: The Effect of Walking in Suburbs and Forests on Psychological and Physiological Relaxation of Young Polish Adults. FORESTS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/f11050591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Physical activity, recreation and walks successfully counteract negative symptoms of stress in people, especially in large cities, and have many positive psychological and physiological effects. There are many studies showing that contact with nature plays an important role in the regeneration of the human body. The city is not without green enclaves such as forests, parks or greenery along the streets. However, it is not entirely clear how the different physical characteristics of the urban space affect mood improvement, increase of positive feelings, vitality level, etc. Materials and Methods: In the study, two urban environments (apartment and green suburbs) were used, as well as two forests (coniferous and deciduous) to measure the impact of these environments on human physiological and psychological relaxation during a walk in a randomized experiment. The participants of the experiment were 75 young adult Poles studying in the largest Polish agglomeration, Warsaw. Before each experiment, the physiological and psychological state of the participant was measured indoors (pre-test). Four psychological questionnaires were used in the project (Profile of Mood States; Positive and Negative Affect Schedule; Restorative Outcome Scale; Subjective Vitality Scale), and physiological measurements (heart rate, blood pressure) before and after the short walking program were evaluated. Results: As a result of the analyses, it was shown that both staying in an urban environment with greenery and staying in a forest environment have a positive effect on the physiological and psychological relaxation of the subjects. A short walk in the suburbs was no less attractive than a walk in the forest in fall. The above indicates that various places with urban vegetation can be successfully used for recreation, just as in a forest where forest bathing is practiced. This indicates that different places with urban greenery can be successfully used for recreation, as can the forests where forest bathing is carried out.
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Controversies in the Science of Sedentary Behaviour and Health: Insights, Perspectives and Future directions from the 2018 Queensland Sedentary Behaviour Think Tank. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16234762. [PMID: 31783708 PMCID: PMC6926563 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16234762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The development in research concerning sedentary behaviour has been rapid over the past two decades. This has led to the development of evidence and views that have become more advanced, diverse and, possibly, contentious. These include the effects of standing, the breaking up of prolonged sitting and the role of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in the association between sedentary behaviour and health outcomes. The present aim is to report the views of experts (n = 21) brought together (one-day face-to-face meeting in 2018) to consider these issues and provide conclusions and recommendations for future work. Each topic was reviewed and presented by one expert followed by full group discussion, which was recorded, transcribed and analysed. The experts concluded that (a). standing may bring benefits that accrue from postural shifts. Prolonged (mainly static) standing and prolonged sitting are both bad for health; (b). ‘the best posture is the next posture’. Regularly breaking up of sitting with postural shifts and movement is vital; (c). health effects of prolonged sitting are evident even after controlling for MVPA, but high levels of MVPA can attenuate the deleterious effects of prolonged sitting depending on the health outcome of interest. Expert discussion addressed measurement, messaging and future directions.
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Wheeler MJ, Dunstan DW, Ellis KA, Cerin E, Phillips S, Lambert G, Naylor LH, Dempsey PC, Kingwell BA, Green DJ. Effect of Morning Exercise With or Without Breaks in Prolonged Sitting on Blood Pressure in Older Overweight/Obese Adults. Hypertension 2019; 73:859-867. [PMID: 30782027 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.118.12373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Both exercise and breaks in prolonged sitting can reduce blood pressure (BP) in older overweight/obese adults. We investigated whether there is an additive hypotensive effect when exercise is combined with subsequent breaks in sitting. Sex differences and changes in plasma catecholamines as a potential candidate mechanism underlying BP responses were also examined. Sedentary older adults (n=67; 67±7 years; 31.2±4.1 kg/m2) completed 3 conditions in random order-sitting (SIT): uninterrupted sitting (8 hours, control); exercise+sitting (EX+SIT): sitting (1 hour), moderate-intensity walking (30 minutes), uninterrupted sitting (6.5 hours); exercise+breaks (EX+BR): sitting (1 hour), moderate-intensity walking (30 minutes), sitting interrupted every 30 minutes with 3 minutes of light-intensity walking (6.5 hours). Serial BP and plasma epinephrine/norepinephrine measurements occurred during 8 hours. The 8-hour average systolic and diastolic BP (mm Hg 95% CI) was lower in EX+SIT -3.4 (-4.5 to -2.3), -0.8 (-1.6 to -0.04), and EX+BR -5.1 (-6.2 to -4.0), -1.1 (-1.8 to -0.3), respectively, relative to SIT (all P <0.05). There was an additional reduction in average systolic BP of -1.7 (-2.8 to -0.6) in EX+BR relative to EX+SIT ( P=0.003). This additional reduction in systolic BP was driven by women -3.2 (-4.7 to -1.7; P<0.001 EX+BR versus EX+SIT). Average epinephrine decreased in EX+SIT and EX+BR in women (-13% to -12%) but increased in men (+12% to +23%), respectively, relative to SIT ( P<0.05). No differences in average norepinephrine were observed. Morning exercise reduces BP during a period of 8 hours in older overweight/obese adults compared with prolonged sitting. Combining exercise with regular breaks in sitting may be of more benefit for lowering BP in women than in men. Clinical Trial Registration- URL: https://www.anzctr.org.au . Unique identifier: ACTRN12614000737639.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Wheeler
- From the School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), University of Western Australia, Perth (M.J.W., D.W.D., L.H.N., D.J.G.).,Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (M.J.W., D.W.D., E.C., S.P., G.L., P.C.D., B.A.K.)
| | - David W Dunstan
- From the School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), University of Western Australia, Perth (M.J.W., D.W.D., L.H.N., D.J.G.).,Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (M.J.W., D.W.D., E.C., S.P., G.L., P.C.D., B.A.K.).,Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Victoria (D.W.D., E.C.)
| | - Kathryn A Ellis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (K.A.E.)
| | - Ester Cerin
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (M.J.W., D.W.D., E.C., S.P., G.L., P.C.D., B.A.K.).,School of Public Health, University of Hong Kong (E.C.).,Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Victoria (D.W.D., E.C.)
| | - Sarah Phillips
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (M.J.W., D.W.D., E.C., S.P., G.L., P.C.D., B.A.K.).,Iverson Health Innovation Research Institute and School of Health Science, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (S.P., G.L.)
| | - Gavin Lambert
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (M.J.W., D.W.D., E.C., S.P., G.L., P.C.D., B.A.K.).,Iverson Health Innovation Research Institute and School of Health Science, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (S.P., G.L.)
| | - Louise H Naylor
- From the School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), University of Western Australia, Perth (M.J.W., D.W.D., L.H.N., D.J.G.)
| | - Paddy C Dempsey
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (M.J.W., D.W.D., E.C., S.P., G.L., P.C.D., B.A.K.).,Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (P.C.D.)
| | - Bronwyn A Kingwell
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (M.J.W., D.W.D., E.C., S.P., G.L., P.C.D., B.A.K.)
| | - Daniel J Green
- From the School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), University of Western Australia, Perth (M.J.W., D.W.D., L.H.N., D.J.G.)
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Chronic Standing Desk Use and Arterial Stiffness. J Phys Act Health 2019; 16:1022-1028. [DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2018-0668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background: Sedentary activity and sitting for at least 10 hours per day can increase the risk for cardiovascular disease by more than 60%. Use of standing desks may decrease sedentary time and improve cardiovascular health. Acute standing lowers pulse wave velocity (PWV), but chronic effects remain unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of chronic standing desk use on arterial stiffness versus seated controls. Methods: A total of 48 adults participated in this study. Twenty-four participants qualified as seated desk users (age 41 [10] y, body mass index 25 [4] kg/m2) and 24 as standing desk users (age 45 [12] y, body mass index 25 [5] kg/m2). Arterial stiffness was assessed as PWV within the aorta, arm, and leg. Results: Carotid–femoral PWV (cfPWV) was not different between seated (6.6 [1.3] m/s) and standing (6.9 [1.3] m/s) groups (P = .47). Similarly, there were no differences in arm or leg PWV between groups (P = .13 and P = .66, respectively). A secondary analysis of traditional factors of age and aerobic fitness revealed significant differences in cfPWV in seated and standing desk participants. Age also significantly influenced cfPWV across conditions. Conclusions: Standing for >50% of a workday did not affect PWV. Consistent with previous research, fitness and age are important modulators of arterial stiffness.
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Dogra S, Wolf M, Jeffrey MP, Foley RCA, Logan-Sprenger H, Jones-Taggart H, Green-Johnson JM. Disrupting prolonged sitting reduces IL-8 and lower leg swell in active young adults. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2019; 11:23. [PMID: 31636910 PMCID: PMC6798359 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-019-0138-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Background Evidence suggests that disrupting prolonged bouts of sitting with short bouts of physical activity can significantly reduce blood glucose and improve insulin sensitivity; however, limited research is available on the impact of such disruptions on inflammation and swelling. The purpose of this study was to determine whether short bouts of exercise performed each hour during a 4 h sitting session were able to negate the effects of prolonged sitting (PS) on several cardiometabolic outcomes. Methods Eligible participants (n = 10) attended two laboratory sessions: PS (uninterrupted sitting for 4 h) and disrupted sitting (DS; 4 h sitting session disrupted by 3 min of exercise each hour (60-s warm-up at 50 W, 5 s of unloaded cycling, 20-s sprint at 5% body weight, and 95-s cool-down at 50 W)). The exercise bouts were performed at minute 60, 120, and 180. Blood and saliva samples, and measures of heart rate and blood pressure were assessed before (T1) and after (T2) each session; leg swell was measured continuously. Results Concentrations of salivary IL-8 increased during PS (T1: 0.19 ± 0.32; T2: 0.50 ± 1.00 pg/μg of protein) but decreased during DS (T1: 0.41 ± 0.23; T2: 0.22 ± 0.11 pg/μg of protein, d: 0.51, p = 0.002). Leg swell increased and plateaued in PS, but was attenuated during DS. Conclusion It appears that short bouts of exercise significantly reduce swelling in the lower leg and IL-8 levels in the saliva, indicating that even among healthy, active, young adults, disrupting prolonged sitting can significantly reduce swelling and systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa Dogra
- 1Faculty of Health Sciences (Kinesiology), University of Ontario Institute of Technology, 2000 Simcoe St N, Oshawa, ON L1G-0C5 Canada
| | - Mitchell Wolf
- 1Faculty of Health Sciences (Kinesiology), University of Ontario Institute of Technology, 2000 Simcoe St N, Oshawa, ON L1G-0C5 Canada
| | - Michael P Jeffrey
- 2Faculty of Science, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, 2000 Simcoe St N, Oshawa, ON L1G-0C5 Canada
| | - Ryan C A Foley
- 1Faculty of Health Sciences (Kinesiology), University of Ontario Institute of Technology, 2000 Simcoe St N, Oshawa, ON L1G-0C5 Canada
| | - Heather Logan-Sprenger
- 1Faculty of Health Sciences (Kinesiology), University of Ontario Institute of Technology, 2000 Simcoe St N, Oshawa, ON L1G-0C5 Canada
| | - Holly Jones-Taggart
- 1Faculty of Health Sciences (Kinesiology), University of Ontario Institute of Technology, 2000 Simcoe St N, Oshawa, ON L1G-0C5 Canada
| | - Julia M Green-Johnson
- 2Faculty of Science, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, 2000 Simcoe St N, Oshawa, ON L1G-0C5 Canada
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Kowalsky RJ, Jakicic JM, Hergenroeder A, Rogers RJ, Gibbs BB. Acute cardiometabolic effects of interrupting sitting with resistance exercise breaks. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2019; 44:1025-1032. [DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2018-0633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Interrupting prolonged sitting with light activity breaks, such as short walks, improves cardiometabolic outcomes, yet less is known about the impact of resistance exercise breaks. This study examined the effects of hourly, guidelines-based simple resistance exercise breaks on acute cardiometabolic health outcomes over a simulated work period. Fourteen adults (age: 53.4 ± 9.5 years, body mass index: 30.9 ± 4.8 kg/m2) completed 2 randomized 4-h conditions: prolonged sitting (SIT) and hourly resistance exercise breaks (REX). Glucose, triglycerides, blood pressure, and heart rate were measured at baseline and then hourly. Pulse wave velocity (PWV) was measured before and after each condition. Linear mixed models evaluated overall condition effects and differences at each hour. Cohen’s d estimated magnitude of effects. Four-hour glucose area under the curve (AUC) did not differ by condition (REX vs. SIT: β = –0.35 mmol/L, p = 0.278, d = 0.51). However, an attenuation of postprandial glucose at 1 h (β = –0.69 mg/dL, p = 0.004, d = 1.02) in REX compared with SIT was observed. Triglyceride AUC, mean blood pressure, and PWV did not differ significantly between REX and SIT overall or any time point (all p > 0.05). Heart rate was higher across the experimental period in REX versus SIT (β = 3.3 bpm, p < 0.001, d = 0.35) and individual time points (β ≥ 3.2 bpm, p ≤ 0.044, d ≥ 0.34). Resistance exercise breaks can potentially improve 1-h postprandial glucose, but may not acutely benefit other cardiometabolic outcomes. Future studies employing guidelines-based resistance exercises to interrupt prolonged sitting with a larger sample and longer follow-up are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J. Kowalsky
- Department of Health & Kinesiology, Texas A&M University Kingsville, Kingsville, TX 78363, USA
- Department of Health & Physical Activity, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - John M. Jakicic
- Department of Health & Physical Activity, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
- Healthy Lifestyle Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Andrea Hergenroeder
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Renee J. Rogers
- Department of Health & Physical Activity, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
- Healthy Lifestyle Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Bethany Barone Gibbs
- Department of Health & Physical Activity, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
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Mullane SL, Connolly D, Buman MP. The Perceived Value of Reducing Sedentary Behavior in the Truck Driving Population. Front Public Health 2019; 7:214. [PMID: 31440493 PMCID: PMC6692874 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2019.00214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To conduct rapid qualitative analysis early in the intervention design process to establish the perceived value of reducing sedentary behavior in the truck driver population. Methods: A rapid assessment process for qualitative data collection was used to examine managerial and employee perceptions quickly and iteratively to inform intervention design. Managerial insights were collected during semi-structured interviews and employee insights were collected via an online survey and focus group. Thematic analyses were guided by the constructs of the Health Belief Model to establish; (a) perceived susceptibility to the health problem; (b) perceived severity of the health problem; (c) perceived benefits of the potential solutions; (d) perceived barriers to adopting the recommended solution; (e) cues to action; and (f) self-efficacy. Results: Three managers (2 females; 1 male) participated in semi-structured interviews. Seven truck drivers (1 female; 6 males) took part in a focus group. Sixteen survey responses (all male, mean age 49.8 ± 12.4 years, 86% white Caucasian) were collected in total (11 paper based; 6 online). The most important managerial motivators for engagement in an intervention included; improved sleep, alertness and quality of life. The most important employee motivators included; stress reduction (3.3 ± 1.3), improved quality of life (3.3 ± 1.3) and alertness (3.2 ± 1.4). Managerial and employee perspectives indicated that sedentary behavior may be of lower priority than diet and exercise, and may not resonate with the truck driving population as a health risk. Conclusion: Application of the Health Belief Model indicated a disconnect between the researcher, managerial and employee perspective and the perceived value of a sedentary behavior reduction intervention. Within the truck driving population, researchers should endeavor to include safety as well as health outcomes, use multi-level strategies, design for outcomes of high perceived value and leverage health communication strategies to communicate benefits that resonate with the end-user.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L Mullane
- School of Nutrition and Health Promotion, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | | | - Matthew P Buman
- School of Nutrition and Health Promotion, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, United States
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Mackie P, Weerasekara I, Crowfoot G, Janssen H, Holliday E, Dunstan D, English C. What is the effect of interrupting prolonged sitting with frequent bouts of physical activity or standing on first or recurrent stroke risk factors? A scoping review. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0217981. [PMID: 31194799 PMCID: PMC6563984 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this review was to ascertain the scope of the available literature on the effects of interrupting prolonged sitting time with frequent bouts of physical activity or standing on stroke and recurrent stroke risk factors. Databases Medline, Embase, AMED, CINAHL and Cochrane library were comprehensively searched from inception until 21st February 2018. Experimental trials which interrupted sitting time with frequent bouts of physical activity or standing in adults (≥ 18 years) were included. Comparison to a bout of prolonged sitting and a measure of at least one first or recurrent stroke risk factor was required to be included. Overall, 30 trials (35 articles) were identified to meet the inclusion criteria. Fifteen trials were completed in participants at an increased risk of having a first stroke and one trial in participants at risk of a recurrent stroke. Outcomes of hypertension and dysglycemia were found to be more favourable following predominately light- to moderate-intensity bouts of physical activity or standing compared to sitting in the majority of trials in participants at risk of having a first stroke. In the one trial of stroke survivors, only outcomes of hypertension were significantly improved. These findings are of significant importance taking into consideration hypertension is the leading risk factor for first and recurrent stroke. However, trials primarily focused on measuring outcomes of dysglycemia and without assessing a dose-response effect. Additional research is required on the dose-response effect of interrupting sitting with frequent bouts of physical activity or standing on first and recurrent stroke risk factors, in those high risk population groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Mackie
- School of Health Sciences and Priority Research Centre for Stroke and Brain Injury, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
- Centre for Research Excellence in Stroke Recovery and Rehabilitation, Florey Institute of Neuroscience, Melbourne, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Ishanka Weerasekara
- School of Health Sciences and Priority Research Centre for Stroke and Brain Injury, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Gary Crowfoot
- School of Health Sciences and Priority Research Centre for Stroke and Brain Injury, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
- Centre for Research Excellence in Stroke Recovery and Rehabilitation, Florey Institute of Neuroscience, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Heidi Janssen
- School of Health Sciences and Priority Research Centre for Stroke and Brain Injury, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
- Centre for Research Excellence in Stroke Recovery and Rehabilitation, Florey Institute of Neuroscience, Melbourne, Australia
- Hunter Stroke Service, Hunter New England Local Health District, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Holliday
- School of Medicine and Public Health University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - David Dunstan
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Coralie English
- School of Health Sciences and Priority Research Centre for Stroke and Brain Injury, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
- Centre for Research Excellence in Stroke Recovery and Rehabilitation, Florey Institute of Neuroscience, Melbourne, Australia
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Dempsey PC, Larsen RN, Dunstan DW, Owen N, Kingwell BA. Sitting Less and Moving More: Implications for Hypertension. Hypertension 2019; 72:1037-1046. [PMID: 30354827 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.118.11190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paddy C Dempsey
- From the Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (P.C.D., R.N.L., D.W.D., N.O., B.A.K.).,MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, United Kingdom (P.C.D.).,Centre for Urban Transitions, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (P.C.D., N.O.)
| | - Robyn N Larsen
- From the Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (P.C.D., R.N.L., D.W.D., N.O., B.A.K.)
| | - David W Dunstan
- From the Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (P.C.D., R.N.L., D.W.D., N.O., B.A.K.).,Mary MacKillop Institute of Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Victoria (D.W.D.)
| | - Neville Owen
- From the Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (P.C.D., R.N.L., D.W.D., N.O., B.A.K.).,Centre for Urban Transitions, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (P.C.D., N.O.)
| | - Bronwyn A Kingwell
- From the Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (P.C.D., R.N.L., D.W.D., N.O., B.A.K.)
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Josaphat KJ, Kugathasan TA, E R Reid R, Begon M, Léger PM, Labonté-Lemoyne E, Sénécal S, Arvisais D, Mathieu ME. Use of Active Workstations in Individuals with Overweight or Obesity: A Systematic Review. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2019; 27:362-379. [PMID: 30719877 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This systematic review aims to collect existing literature and summarize the impact of active workstations on the health and work outcomes of participants with overweight or obesity. METHODS Five databases were examined (until March 2018), and the keywords "desk," "workstation," "work station," and "work stations" were used with any one of the following terms: "active," "bik*," "cycling," "height adjustable," "stepping," "stand up," "standing," "treadmill*," "walk*," "elliptical," "bicycl*," "pedaling," "stability ball," "stability balls," "exercise ball," "exercise balls," "swiss ball," "swiss balls," "sit-to-stand," and "sit stand." RESULTS Nineteen studies (two with school-aged children) were included in this review. Nine studies used treadmill, three used cycling, one used stepping, and twelve used standing desks. A decrease in sedentary time and an increase in physical activity level and energy expenditure were observed for most of the active workstations. Both the treadmill and the cycle desk improved glycemic control, but the treadmill desk was the only workstation for which improved work performance and help in body-weight management (body fat percentage, body weight, waist and hip circumference) were reported. CONCLUSIONS Active workstations are a promising solution for decreasing occupational sedentariness. Overall, active workstations have a positive impact on energy expenditure and physical activity in individuals with overweight and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kapria-Jad Josaphat
- School of Kinesiology and Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Thiffya Arabi Kugathasan
- School of Kinesiology and Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ryan E R Reid
- School of Kinesiology and Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mickael Begon
- School of Kinesiology and Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Sainte-Justine University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | | | - Sylvain Sénécal
- École des Hautes Études Commerciales, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Denis Arvisais
- School of Kinesiology and Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marie-Eve Mathieu
- School of Kinesiology and Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Sainte-Justine University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Mackie P, Crowfoot G, Janssen H, Dunstan DW, Bernhardt J, Walker FR, Patterson A, Callister R, Spratt NJ, Holliday E, English C. Breaking up sitting time after stroke - How much less sitting is needed to improve blood pressure after stroke (BUST-BP-Dose): Protocol for a dose-finding study. Contemp Clin Trials Commun 2019; 13:100310. [PMID: 30740549 PMCID: PMC6355726 DOI: 10.1016/j.conctc.2018.100310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive sitting is detrimentally associated with cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality. Frequent breaks in prolonged sitting can improve cardiometabolic responses in non-stroke populations. However, this has not been established in stroke survivors. This study will determine the most effective dose of activity breaks that (i) produce clinically meaningful improvements in mean systolic blood pressure (primary outcome), postprandial glucose, and insulin responses (secondary outcomes), and (ii) is safe and feasible. We hypothesis that systolic blood pressure, postprandial insulin, and glucose responses will improve with increasing doses of activity and be most effective at the maximum safe and feasible dose of activity. Thirty participants in the most effective dose will provide 80% power to detect a within-person, between-condition, difference of 3.5 mmHg in systolic blood pressure assuming a SD of 15 mmHg, within-person correlation of 0.9, and α = 0.05. Stroke survivors will complete 3 experimental conditions in a within-participant, dose escalation design including (i) uninterrupted sitting (8 h), (ii) Dose 1: uninterrupted sitting with bouts of light-intensity exercises while standing (initial dose involves two 5-min breaks), and (iii) Dose 2: two additional 5-min breaks above Dose 1. Ambulatory blood pressure will be collected every 30 min during experimental conditions and hourly for 24-h post-experimental conditions. Blood samples will be collected every 30 min during 2-h postprandial periods. This study will identify the most effective dose of light-intensity exercises while standing to improve cardiometabolic responses in stroke survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Mackie
- School of Health Sciences, University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Stroke and Brain Injury, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, NSW, Australia.,National Health and Medical Research Council Centre of Research Excellence in Stroke Rehabilitation and Brain Recovery, Australia
| | - Gary Crowfoot
- School of Health Sciences, University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Stroke and Brain Injury, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, NSW, Australia.,National Health and Medical Research Council Centre of Research Excellence in Stroke Rehabilitation and Brain Recovery, Australia
| | - Heidi Janssen
- School of Health Sciences, University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Stroke and Brain Injury, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, NSW, Australia.,National Health and Medical Research Council Centre of Research Excellence in Stroke Rehabilitation and Brain Recovery, Australia.,Hunter Stroke Service, Hunter New England Local Health District, NSW, Australia
| | - David W Dunstan
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, VIC, Australia.,Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, VIC, Australia
| | - Julie Bernhardt
- National Health and Medical Research Council Centre of Research Excellence in Stroke Rehabilitation and Brain Recovery, Australia.,Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, VIC, Australia
| | - F Rohan Walker
- Priority Research Centre for Stroke and Brain Injury, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, NSW, Australia.,National Health and Medical Research Council Centre of Research Excellence in Stroke Rehabilitation and Brain Recovery, Australia.,School of Biomedical Science and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Amanda Patterson
- School of Health Sciences, University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, NSW, Australia
| | - Robin Callister
- School of Biomedical Science and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, NSW, Australia
| | - Neil J Spratt
- Priority Research Centre for Stroke and Brain Injury, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, NSW, Australia.,Department of Neurology, John Hunter Hospital, Hunter New England Local Health District, NSW, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Holliday
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Coralie English
- School of Health Sciences, University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Stroke and Brain Injury, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, NSW, Australia.,National Health and Medical Research Council Centre of Research Excellence in Stroke Rehabilitation and Brain Recovery, Australia
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44
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Mullane SL, Rydell SA, Larouche ML, Toledo MJL, Feltes LH, Vuong B, Crespo NC, Gaesser GA, Estabrooks PA, Pereira MA, Buman MP. Enrollment Strategies, Barriers to Participation, and Reach of a Workplace Intervention Targeting Sedentary Behavior. Am J Health Promot 2019; 33:225-236. [PMID: 29986592 PMCID: PMC7702267 DOI: 10.1177/0890117118784228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To review enrollment strategies, participation barriers, and program reach of a large, 2-year workplace intervention targeting sedentary behavior. APPROACH Cross-sectional, retrospective review. SETTING Twenty-four worksites balanced across academic, industry, and government sectors in Minneapolis/Saint Paul (Minnesota) and Phoenix (Arizona) regions. PARTICIPANTS Full-time (≥30+ h/wk), sedentary office workers. METHODS Reach was calculated as the proportion of eligible employees who enrolled in the intervention ([N enrolled/(proportion of eligible employees × N total employees)] × 100). Mean (1 standard deviation) and median worksite sizes were calculated at each enrollment step. Participation barriers and modifications were recorded by the research team. A survey was sent to a subset of nonparticipants (N = 57), and thematic analyses were conducted to examine reasons for nonparticipation, positive impacts, and negative experiences. RESULTS Employer reach was 65% (56 worksites invited to participate; 66% eligible of 56 responses; 24 enrolled). Employee reach was 58% (1317 invited to participate, 83% eligible of 906 responses; 632 enrolled). Postrandomization, on average, 59% (15%) of the worksites participated. Eighteen modifications were developed to overcome participant-, context-, and research-related participation barriers. CONCLUSION A high proportion of worksites and employees approached to participate in a sedentary behavior reduction intervention engaged in the study. Interventions that provide flexible enrollment, graded participant engagement options, and adopt a participant-centered approach may facilitate workplace intervention success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L. Mullane
- School of Nutrition and Health Promotion, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Sarah A. Rydell
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Miranda L. Larouche
- School of Nutrition and Health Promotion, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | | | | | | | - Noe C. Crespo
- Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Glenn A. Gaesser
- School of Nutrition and Health Promotion, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Paul A. Estabrooks
- College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Mark A. Pereira
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Matthew P. Buman
- School of Nutrition and Health Promotion, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
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45
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Dupont F, Léger PM, Begon M, Lecot F, Sénécal S, Labonté-Lemoyne E, Mathieu ME. Health and productivity at work: which active workstation for which benefits: a systematic review. Occup Environ Med 2019; 76:281-294. [PMID: 30692162 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2018-105397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In order to reduce sedentary behaviour at work, research has examined the effectiveness of active workstations. However, despite their relevance in replacing conventional desks, the comparison between types of active workstations and their respective benefits remains unclear. The purpose of this review article is thus to compare the benefits between standing, treadmill and cycling workstations. Search criteria explored Embase, PubMed and Web of Science databases. The review included studies concerning adults using at least two types of active workstations, evaluating biomechanical, physiological work performance and/or psychobiological outcomes. Twelve original articles were included. Treadmill workstations induced greater movement/activity and greater muscular activity in the upper limbs compared with standing workstations. Treadmill and cycling workstations resulted in elevated heart rate, decreased ambulatory blood pressure and increased energy expenditure during the workday compared with standing workstations. Treadmill workstations reduced fine motor skill function (ie, typing, mouse pointing and combined keyboard/mouse tasks) compared with cycling and standing workstations. Cycling workstations resulted in improved simple processing task speeds compared with standing and treadmill workstations. Treadmill and cycling workstations increased arousal and decreased boredom compared with standing workstations. The benefits associated with each type of active workstation (eg, standing, treadmill, cycling) may not be equivalent. Overall, cycling and treadmill workstations appear to provide greater short-term physiological changes than standing workstations that could potentially lead to better health. Cycling, treadmill and standing workstations appear to show short-term productivity benefits; however, treadmill workstations can reduce the performance of computer tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francois Dupont
- École de kinésiologie et des sciences de l'activité physique, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Mickael Begon
- École de kinésiologie et des sciences de l'activité physique, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Research Center, Sainte-Justine University Hospital Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - François Lecot
- École de kinésiologie et des sciences de l'activité physique, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | | | - Marie-Eve Mathieu
- École de kinésiologie et des sciences de l'activité physique, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Research Center, Sainte-Justine University Hospital Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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46
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Podrekar N, Kozinc Ž, Šarabon N. Effects of cycle and treadmill desks on energy expenditure and cardiometabolic parameters in sedentary workers: review and meta-analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND ERGONOMICS 2019; 27:728-736. [PMID: 30595127 DOI: 10.1080/10803548.2018.1562688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Purpose. The aim of this article was to evaluate the effects of cycle and treadmill desks on energy expenditure and cardiovascular and biochemical indicators in sedentary workers. Materials and methods. In February 2018, six databases were searched. Both parallel and crossover design studies evaluating workplace cycle and treadmill desks compared to a conventional seated condition were included. Results. Twenty-two studies met the inclusion criteria. Cycle and treadmill desks significantly increased energy expenditure (standard mean difference [SMD] = 3.84, p < 0.001, I2 = 95%) and the heart rate (SMD = 1.68, p < 0.001, I2 = 91%), and lowered blood glucose and insulin levels (SMD = -0.54, p < 0.001, I2 = 0% and SMD = -3.13, p < 0.001, I2 = 76%, respectively). The interventions had no effect on blood pressure and other biochemical indicators. Conclusion. Cycle and treadmill desks may positively influence energy expenditure in sedentary workers and could be effective for reducing negative effects of workplace-related sedentary behaviour. However, considerable heterogeneity is present in the measuring protocols for energy expenditure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nastja Podrekar
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Primorska, Slovenia.,InnoRenew CoE, Human Health in the Built Environment, Slovenia
| | - Žiga Kozinc
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Primorska, Slovenia.,Andrej Marusic Institute, University of Primorska, Slovenia
| | - Nejc Šarabon
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Primorska, Slovenia.,Laboratory for Motor Control and Motor Behavior, S2P, Science to Practice, Ltd., Slovenia
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47
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Larouche ML, Mullane SL, Toledo MJL, Pereira MA, Huberty JL, Ainsworth BE, Buman MP. Using Point-of-Choice Prompts to Reduce Sedentary Behavior in Sit-Stand Workstation Users. Front Public Health 2018; 6:323. [PMID: 30525017 PMCID: PMC6258737 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2018.00323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Desk-based office workers are at occupational risk for poor health outcomes from excessive time spent sitting. Sit-stand workstations are used to mitigate sitting, but lack of workstation usage has been observed. Point-of-choice (PoC) prompts offer a complementary strategy for office workers to break up their sitting time. Study purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the preliminary efficacy, preference, and acceptability of a theory-driven (i.e., 40 unique prompts encompassing social cognitive theory; TD-PoC) and an atheoretical basic reminder PoC prompt intervention (R-PoC) on reducing sedentary behavior in office workers with self-reported low sit-stand workstation usage (≤4 h per day). Methods: In a cross-over design, participants (N = 19, 78.9% female, 39.4 ± 10.7 years of age) completed a 5-days no-prompt control condition followed by a random and counterbalanced assignment to one of the TD-PoC and R-PoC active conditions with a 1-week washout period between. Preliminary efficacy was assessed during work hours with the activPAL micro accelerometer. Preference was assessed prior to each active condition and acceptability was assessed following each active condition via questionnaire. Results: The R-PoC prompt condition significantly decreased sitting time (b[se] = -49.0 [20.8], p = 0.03) and increased standing time (b[se] = 49.8 [19.7], p = 0.02) and displayed a significant increase in sit-stand transitions (b[se] = 2.3 [1.1], p = 0.04), relative to no-prompt control. Both the R-PoC and TD-PoC prompt conditions significantly decreased time spent in prolonged sitting bouts at b[se] = -68.1 [27.8], (p = 0.02), (b[se] = -76.7 [27.1], p = 0.008) relative to no-prompt control. Overall, the TD-PoC prompt condition displayed higher preference and acceptability ratings; however, these differences were not significant (p's > 0.05). Conclusion: While the R-PoC prompt condition was slightly more efficacious than the TD-PoC prompt condition, the TD-PoC prompt condition was rated with higher preference and acceptability scores. Large variations between participants in preference, acceptability, and intervention feedback may indicate need for tailored messaging which may facilitate sustained use in the long-term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda L. Larouche
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Sarah L. Mullane
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | | | - Mark A. Pereira
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Jennifer L. Huberty
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Barbara E. Ainsworth
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Matthew P. Buman
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, United States
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48
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Go Home, Sit Less: The Impact of Home Versus Hospital Rehabilitation Environment on Activity Levels of Stroke Survivors. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2018; 99:2216-2221.e1. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2018.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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49
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The Acute Metabolic and Vascular Impact of Interrupting Prolonged Sitting: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Sports Med 2018; 48:2347-2366. [DOI: 10.1007/s40279-018-0963-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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50
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Chastin SFM, De Craemer M, De Cocker K, Powell L, Van Cauwenberg J, Dall P, Hamer M, Stamatakis E. How does light-intensity physical activity associate with adult cardiometabolic health and mortality? Systematic review with meta-analysis of experimental and observational studies. Br J Sports Med 2018; 53:370-376. [PMID: 29695511 PMCID: PMC6579499 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2017-097563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Aim To assess the relationship between time spent in light physical activity and cardiometabolic health and mortality in adults. Design Systematic review and meta-analysis. Data sources Searches in Medline, Embase, PsycInfo, CINAHL and three rounds of hand searches. Eligibility criteria for selecting studies Experimental (including acute mechanistic studies and physical activity intervention programme) and observational studies (excluding case and case–control studies) conducted in adults (aged ≥18 years) published in English before February 2018 and reporting on the relationship between light physical activity (<3 metabolic equivalents) and cardiometabolic health outcomes or all-cause mortality. Study appraisal and synthesis Study quality appraisal with QUALSYST tool and random effects inverse variance meta-analysis. Results Seventy-two studies were eligible including 27 experimental studies (and 45 observational studies). Mechanistic experimental studies showed that short but frequent bouts of light-intensity activity throughout the day reduced postprandial glucose (−17.5%; 95% CI −26.2 to −8.7) and insulin (−25.1%; 95% CI −31.8 to –18.3) levels compared with continuous sitting, but there was very limited evidence for it affecting other cardiometabolic markers. Three light physical activity programme intervention studies (n ranging from 12 to 58) reduced adiposity, improved blood pressure and lipidaemia; the programmes consisted of activity of >150 min/week for at least 12 weeks. Six out of eight prospective observational studies that were entered in the meta-analysis reported that more time spent in daily light activity reduced risk of all-cause mortality (pooled HR 0.71; 95% CI 0.62 to 0.83). Conclusions Light-intensity physical activity could play a role in improving adult cardiometabolic health and reducing mortality risk. Frequent short bouts of light activity improve glycaemic control. Nevertheless, the modest volume of the prospective epidemiological evidence base and the moderate consistency between observational and laboratory evidence inhibits definitive conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastien F M Chastin
- School of Health and Life Science, Institute for Applied Health Research, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK.,Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marieke De Craemer
- Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Katrien De Cocker
- Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Research Foundation Flanders, Brussels, Belgium.,Institute for Resilient Regions, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Lauren Powell
- Epidemiology Unit, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Prevention Research Collaboration, School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jelle Van Cauwenberg
- Research Foundation Flanders, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Public Health, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Philippa Dall
- School of Health and Life Science, Institute for Applied Health Research, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK
| | - Mark Hamer
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Emmanuel Stamatakis
- Epidemiology Unit, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Prevention Research Collaboration, School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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