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Zhang Y, Zheng P, Shi J, Ma Y, Chen Z, Wang T, Jia G. The modification effect of fasting blood glucose level on the associations between short-term ambient air pollution and blood lipids. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2024; 34:2998-3010. [PMID: 37975287 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2023.2283048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
The association between short-term ambient air pollution (AAP) exposure and blood lipids is inconsistent across populations. This study aimed to investigate the modifying effects of fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels on the associations between short-term AAP exposure and blood lipids in 110,637 male participants from Beijing, China. The results showed that FBG modified the association between short-term AAP exposure and blood lipids, especially low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). In the hyperglycemia group, a 10-μg/m3 increase in particles with diameters ≤ 2.5 μm (PM2.5), particles with diameters ≤ 10 μm (PM10), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), or a 1-mg/m3 increase in carbon monoxide (CO) was associated with a 0.454%, 0.305%, 1.507%, 0.872%, or 3.961% increase in LDL-C, respectively. In the nonhyperglycemic group, short-term increases in air pollutants were even associated with small decreases in LDL-C. The findings demonstrate that lipids in hyperglycemic individuals are more vulnerable to short-term AAP exposure than those in normal populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Pai Zheng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaqi Shi
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Ma
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhangjian Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Tiancheng Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Guang Jia
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Jiang M, Hu CJ, Rowe CL, Kang H, Gong X, Dagucon CP, Wang J, Lin Y, Sood A, Guo Y, Zhu Y, Alexis NE, Gilliland FD, Belinsky SA, Yu X, Leng S. Application of artificial intelligence in quantifying lung deposition dose of black carbon in people with exposure to ambient combustion particles. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2024; 34:529-537. [PMID: 37848612 PMCID: PMC11021374 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-023-00607-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding lung deposition dose of black carbon is critical to fully reconcile epidemiological evidence of combustion particles induced health effects and inform the development of air quality metrics concerning black carbon. Macrophage carbon load (MaCL) is a novel cytology method that quantifies lung deposition dose of black carbon, however it has limited feasibility in large-scale epidemiological study due to the labor-intensive manual counting. OBJECTIVE To assess the association between MaCL and episodic elevation of combustion particles; to develop artificial intelligence based counting algorithm for MaCL assay. METHODS Sputum slides were collected during episodic elevation of ambient PM2.5 (n = 49, daily PM2.5 > 10 µg/m3 for over 2 weeks due to wildfire smoke intrusion in summer and local wood burning in winter) and low PM2.5 period (n = 39, 30-day average PM2.5 < 4 µg/m3) from the Lovelace Smokers cohort. RESULTS Over 98% individual carbon particles in macrophages had diameter <1 µm. MaCL levels scored manually were highly responsive to episodic elevation of ambient PM2.5 and also correlated with lung injury biomarker, plasma CC16. The association with CC16 became more robust when the assessment focused on macrophages with higher carbon load. A Machine-Learning algorithm for Engulfed cArbon Particles (MacLEAP) was developed based on the Mask Region-based Convolutional Neural Network. MacLEAP algorithm yielded excellent correlations with manual counting for number and area of the particles. The algorithm produced associations with ambient PM2.5 and plasma CC16 that were nearly identical in magnitude to those obtained through manual counting. IMPACT STATEMENT Understanding lung black carbon deposition is crucial for comprehending health effects of combustion particles. We developed "Machine-Learning algorithm for Engulfed cArbon Particles (MacLEAP)", the first artificial intelligence algorithm for quantifying airway macrophage black carbon. Our study bolstered the algorithm with more training images and its first use in air pollution epidemiology. We revealed macrophage carbon load as a sensitive biomarker for heightened ambient combustion particles due to wildfires and residential wood burning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menghui Jiang
- School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Chelin Jamie Hu
- College of Nursing, University of New Mexico College of Nursing, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Cassie L Rowe
- School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Huining Kang
- School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Xi Gong
- Department of Geography & Environmental Studies, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | | | - Jialiang Wang
- School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Yan Lin
- Department of Geography & Environmental Studies, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Akshay Sood
- School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- Miners Colfax Medical Center, Raton, NM, USA
| | - Yan Guo
- School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Yiliang Zhu
- School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Neil E Alexis
- Center for Environmental Medicine Asthma and Lung Biology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Frank D Gilliland
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Steven A Belinsky
- University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Biomedical Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Xiaozhong Yu
- College of Nursing, University of New Mexico College of Nursing, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
| | - Shuguang Leng
- School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
- University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
- Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Biomedical Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
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Mallah MA, Soomro T, Ali M, Noreen S, Khatoon N, Kafle A, Feng F, Wang W, Naveed M, Zhang Q. Cigarette smoking and air pollution exposure and their effects on cardiovascular diseases. Front Public Health 2023; 11:967047. [PMID: 38045957 PMCID: PMC10691265 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.967047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) has no socioeconomic, topographical, or sex limitations as reported by the World Health Organization (WHO). The significant drivers of CVD are cardio-metabolic, behavioral, environmental, and social risk factors. However, some significant risk factors for CVD (e.g., a pitiable diet, tobacco smoking, and a lack of physical activities), have also been linked to an elevated risk of cardiovascular disease. Lifestyles and environmental factors are known key variables in cardiovascular disease. The familiarity with smoke goes along with the contact with the environment: air pollution is considered a source of toxins that contribute to the CVD burden. The incidence of myocardial infarction increases in males and females and may lead to fatal coronary artery disease, as confirmed by epidemiological studies. Lipid modification, inflammation, and vasomotor dysfunction are integral components of atherosclerosis development and advancement. These aspects are essential for the identification of atherosclerosis in clinical investigations. This article aims to show the findings on the influence of CVD on the health of individuals and human populations, as well as possible pathology and their involvement in smoking-related cardiovascular diseases. This review also explains lifestyle and environmental factors that are known to contribute to CVD, with indications suggesting an affiliation between cigarette smoking, air pollution, and CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tahmina Soomro
- Department of Sociology, Shah Abdul Latif University, Khairpur, Pakistan
| | - Mukhtiar Ali
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering, Science and Technology, Nawabshah, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Sobia Noreen
- Department of Pharmaceutics Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Insbruck, Austria
| | - Nafeesa Khatoon
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Akriti Kafle
- School of Nursing, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Feifei Feng
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Muhammad Naveed
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Qiao Zhang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Li M, Do V, Brooks JL, Hilpert M, Goldsmith J, Chillrud SN, Ali T, Best LG, Yracheta J, Umans JG, van Donkelaar A, Martin RV, Navas-Acien A, Kioumourtzoglou MA. Fine particulate matter composition in American Indian vs. Non-American Indian communities. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 237:117091. [PMID: 37683786 PMCID: PMC10591960 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure is a known risk factor for numerous adverse health outcomes, with varying estimates of component-specific effects. Populations with compromised health conditions such as diabetes can be more sensitive to the health impacts of air pollution exposure. Recent trends in PM2.5 in primarily American Indian- (AI-) populated areas examined in previous work declined more gradually compared to the declines observed in the rest of the US. To further investigate components contributing to these findings, we compared trends in concentrations of six PM2.5 components in AI- vs. non-AI-populated counties over time (2000-2017) in the contiguous US. METHODS We implemented component-specific linear mixed models to estimate differences in annual county-level concentrations of sulfate, nitrate, ammonium, organic matter, black carbon, and mineral dust from well-validated surface PM2.5 models in AI- vs. non-AI-populated counties, using a multi-criteria approach to classify counties as AI- or non-AI-populated. Models adjusted for population density and median household income. We included interaction terms with calendar year to estimate whether concentration differences in AI- vs. non-AI-populated counties varied over time. RESULTS Our final analysis included 3108 counties, with 199 (6.4%) classified as AI-populated. On average across the study period, adjusted concentrations of all six PM2.5 components in AI-populated counties were significantly lower than in non-AI-populated counties. However, component-specific levels in AI- vs. non-AI-populated counties varied over time: sulfate and ammonium levels were significantly lower in AI- vs. non-AI-populated counties before 2011 but higher after 2011 and nitrate levels were consistently lower in AI-populated counties. CONCLUSIONS This study indicates time trend differences of specific components by AI-populated county type. Notably, decreases in sulfate and ammonium may contribute to steeper declines in total PM2.5 in non-AI vs. AI-populated counties. These findings provide potential directives for additional monitoring and regulations of key emissions sources impacting tribal lands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maggie Li
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Vivian Do
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jada L Brooks
- University of North Carolina School of Nursing, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Markus Hilpert
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jeff Goldsmith
- Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Steven N Chillrud
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, NY, USA
| | - Tauqeer Ali
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Center for American Indian Health Research, Hudson College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, OK, USA
| | - Lyle G Best
- Missouri Breaks Industries Research, Inc., Eagle Butte, SD, USA
| | | | - Jason G Umans
- MedStar Health Research Institute, Hyattsville, MD, USA; Georgetown/Howard Universities Center for Clinical and Translational Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Aaron van Donkelaar
- Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Randall V Martin
- Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ana Navas-Acien
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
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Cimmino G, Natale F, Alfieri R, Cante L, Covino S, Franzese R, Limatola M, Marotta L, Molinari R, Mollo N, Loffredo FS, Golino P. Non-Conventional Risk Factors: "Fact" or "Fake" in Cardiovascular Disease Prevention? Biomedicines 2023; 11:2353. [PMID: 37760794 PMCID: PMC10525401 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), such as arterial hypertension, myocardial infarction, stroke, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, etc., still represent the main cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. They significantly modify the patients' quality of life with a tremendous economic impact. It is well established that cardiovascular risk factors increase the probability of fatal and non-fatal cardiac events. These risk factors are classified into modifiable (smoking, arterial hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, low HDL cholesterol, diabetes, excessive alcohol consumption, high-fat and high-calorie diet, reduced physical activity) and non-modifiable (sex, age, family history, of previous cardiovascular disease). Hence, CVD prevention is based on early identification and management of modifiable risk factors whose impact on the CV outcome is now performed by the use of CV risk assessment models, such as the Framingham Risk Score, Pooled Cohort Equations, or the SCORE2. However, in recent years, emerging, non-traditional factors (metabolic and non-metabolic) seem to significantly affect this assessment. In this article, we aim at defining these emerging factors and describe the potential mechanisms by which they might contribute to the development of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Cimmino
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Section of Cardiology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80131 Naples, Italy (F.S.L.)
- Cardiology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Natale
- Vanvitelli Cardiology Unit, Monaldi Hospital, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Roberta Alfieri
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Section of Cardiology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80131 Naples, Italy (F.S.L.)
- Vanvitelli Cardiology Unit, Monaldi Hospital, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Cante
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Section of Cardiology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80131 Naples, Italy (F.S.L.)
- Vanvitelli Cardiology Unit, Monaldi Hospital, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Simona Covino
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Section of Cardiology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80131 Naples, Italy (F.S.L.)
- Vanvitelli Cardiology Unit, Monaldi Hospital, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Rosa Franzese
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Section of Cardiology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80131 Naples, Italy (F.S.L.)
- Vanvitelli Cardiology Unit, Monaldi Hospital, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Mirella Limatola
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Section of Cardiology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80131 Naples, Italy (F.S.L.)
- Vanvitelli Cardiology Unit, Monaldi Hospital, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Marotta
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Section of Cardiology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80131 Naples, Italy (F.S.L.)
- Vanvitelli Cardiology Unit, Monaldi Hospital, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Riccardo Molinari
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Section of Cardiology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80131 Naples, Italy (F.S.L.)
- Vanvitelli Cardiology Unit, Monaldi Hospital, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Noemi Mollo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Section of Cardiology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80131 Naples, Italy (F.S.L.)
- Vanvitelli Cardiology Unit, Monaldi Hospital, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco S Loffredo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Section of Cardiology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80131 Naples, Italy (F.S.L.)
- Vanvitelli Cardiology Unit, Monaldi Hospital, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo Golino
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Section of Cardiology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80131 Naples, Italy (F.S.L.)
- Vanvitelli Cardiology Unit, Monaldi Hospital, 80131 Naples, Italy
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6
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Goossens J, Jonckheere AC, Seys SF, Dilissen E, Decaesteker T, Goossens C, Peers K, Vanbelle V, Stappers J, Aertgeerts S, De Wilde B, Leus J, Verelst S, Raes M, Dupont L, Bullens DM. Activation of epithelial and inflammatory pathways in adolescent elite athletes exposed to intense exercise and air pollution. Thorax 2023; 78:775-783. [PMID: 36927754 PMCID: PMC10359548 DOI: 10.1136/thorax-2022-219651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Participation in high-intensity exercise in early life might act as stressor to the airway barrier. OBJECTIVES To investigate the effect of intense exercise and associated exposure to air pollution on the airway barrier in adolescent elite athletes compared with healthy controls and to study exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) in this population. METHODS Early-career elite athletes attending 'Flemish-Elite-Sports-Schools' (12-18 years) of 4 different sport disciplines (n=90) and control subjects (n=25) were recruited. Presence of EIB was tested by the eucapnic voluntary hyperventilation (EVH) test. Markers at mRNA and protein level; RNA-sequencing; carbon load in airway macrophages were studied on induced sputum samples. RESULTS 444 genes were differentially expressed in sputum from athletes compared with controls, which were related to inflammation and epithelial cell damage and sputum samples of athletes contained significantly more carbon loaded airway macrophages compared with controls (24%, 95% CI 20% to 36%, p<0.0004). Athletes had significantly higher substance P (13.3 pg/mL, 95% CI 2.0 to 19.2) and calprotectin (1237 ng/mL, 95% CI 531 to 2490) levels as well as IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α mRNA levels compared with controls (p<0.05). The incidence of EIB in athletes was 9%. The maximal fall in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (%) after EVH test in athletes was significantly associated with prior PM10 and PM2.5 exposure. CONCLUSION Early-career elite athletes showed increased markers of air pollution exposure, epithelial damage and airway inflammation compared with controls. Acute exposure to increased air pollution PM10 levels was linked to increased airway hyper-reactivity. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT03587675.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janne Goossens
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Group, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anne-Charlotte Jonckheere
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Group, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sven F Seys
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Group, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ellen Dilissen
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Group, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tatjana Decaesteker
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Group, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Camille Goossens
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Group, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Koen Peers
- Sport Medical Advice Centre, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | - Sven Aertgeerts
- Academic Centre for General Practitioners, Catholic University, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Jasmine Leus
- Pediatric Allergy, AZ Maria Middelares, Sint-Niklaas, Belgium
- Clinical Division of Paediatrics, Katholieke Universiteit, Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Sophie Verelst
- Clinical Division of Paediatrics, Katholieke Universiteit, Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
- Pediatrics, Jessa Hospital Campus Virga Jesse, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Marc Raes
- Clinical Division of Paediatrics, Katholieke Universiteit, Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
- Pediatrics, Jessa Hospital Campus Virga Jesse, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Lieven Dupont
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery (BREATHE), Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dominique M Bullens
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Group, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Clinical Division of Paediatrics, Katholieke Universiteit, Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
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7
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Wei X, Tang X, Liu N, Liu Y, Guan G, Liu Y, Wu X, Liu Y, Wang J, Dong H, Wang S, Zheng Y. PyCoCa:A quantifying tool of carbon content in airway macrophage for assessment the internal dose of particles. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 851:158103. [PMID: 35988636 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Given the lack of a comprehensive understanding of the complex metabolism and variable exposure environment, carbon particles in macrophages have become a potentially valuable biomarker to assess the exposure level of atmospheric particles, such as black carbon. However, the tedious and subjective quantification method limits the application of carbon particles as a valid biomarker. Aiming to obtain an accurate carbon particles quantification method, the deep learning and binarization algorithm were implemented to develop a quantitative tool for carbon content in airway macrophage (CCAM), named PyCoCa. Two types of macrophages, normal and foamy appearance, were applied for the development of PyCoCa. In comparison with the traditional methods, PyCoCa significantly improves the identification efficiency for over 100 times. Consistency assessment with the gold standard revealed that PyCoCa exhibits outstanding prediction ability with the Interclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) values of over 0.80. And a proper fresh dye will enhance the performance of PyCoCa (ICC = 0.89). Subsequent sensitivity analysis confirmed an excellent performance regarding accuracy and robustness of PyCoCa under high/low exposure environments (sensitivity > 0.80). Furthermore, a successful application of our quantitative tool in cohort studies indicates that carbon particles induce macrophage foaming and the foaming decrease the carbon particles internalization in reverse. Our present study provides a robust and efficient tool to accurately quantify the carbon particles loading in macrophage for exposure assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoran Wei
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xiaowen Tang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Nan Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yuansheng Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Ge Guan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yi Liu
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaohan Wu
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Yingjie Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jingwen Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Hanqi Dong
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Shengke Wang
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.
| | - Yuxin Zheng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
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8
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Tejwani V, Woo H, Liu C, Tillery AK, Gassett AJ, Kanner RE, Hoffman EA, Martinez FJ, Woodruff PG, Barr RG, Fawzy A, Koehler K, Curtis JL, Freeman CM, Cooper CB, Comellas AP, Pirozzi C, Paine R, Tashkin D, Krishnan JA, Sack C, Putcha N, Paulin LM, Zusman M, Kaufman JD, Alexis NE, Hansel NN. Black carbon content in airway macrophages is associated with increased severe exacerbations and worse COPD morbidity in SPIROMICS. Respir Res 2022; 23:310. [PMID: 36376879 PMCID: PMC9664618 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-022-02225-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Airway macrophages (AM), crucial for the immune response in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), are exposed to environmental particulate matter (PM), which they retain in their cytoplasm as black carbon (BC). However, whether AM BC accurately reflects environmental PM2.5 exposure, and can serve as a biomarker of COPD outcomes, is unknown. METHODS We analyzed induced sputum from participants at 7 of 12 sites SPIROMICS sites for AM BC content, which we related to exposures and to lung function and respiratory outcomes. Models were adjusted for batch (first vs. second), age, race (white vs. non-white), income (<$35,000, $35,000~$74,999, ≥$75,000, decline to answer), BMI, and use of long-acting beta-agonist/long-acting muscarinic antagonists, with sensitivity analysis performed with inclusion of urinary cotinine and lung function as covariates. RESULTS Of 324 participants, 143 were current smokers and 201 had spirometric-confirmed COPD. Modeled indoor fine (< 2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter) particulate matter (PM2.5) and urinary cotinine were associated with higher AM BC. Other assessed indoor and ambient pollutant exposures were not associated with higher AM BC. Higher AM BC was associated with worse lung function and odds of severe exacerbation, as well as worse functional status, respiratory symptoms and quality of life. CONCLUSION Indoor PM2.5 and cigarette smoke exposure may lead to increased AM BC deposition. Black carbon content in AMs is associated with worse COPD morbidity in current and former smokers, which remained after sensitivity analysis adjusting for cigarette smoke burden. Airway macrophage BC, which may alter macrophage function, could serve as a predictor of experiencing worse respiratory symptoms and impaired lung function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vickram Tejwani
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, A90, 44195, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Han Woo
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Chen Liu
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Anna K Tillery
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung Biology, Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Amanda J Gassett
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Richard E Kanner
- Division of Respiratory, Critical Care and Occupational Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Eric A Hoffman
- Department of Radiology, Medicine and Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Fernando J Martinez
- Division of Pulmonology and Critical Care Medicine, Weill-Cornell Medical Center, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Prescott G Woodruff
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - R Graham Barr
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ashraf Fawzy
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kirsten Koehler
- Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Curtis
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Christine M Freeman
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Christopher B Cooper
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alejandro P Comellas
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | | | - Robert Paine
- University of Utah Hospital, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Donald Tashkin
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jerry A Krishnan
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Coralynn Sack
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nirupama Putcha
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Laura M Paulin
- Pulmonary/Critical Care, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Marina Zusman
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Joel D Kaufman
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Neil E Alexis
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung Biology, Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Nadia N Hansel
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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9
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Hasegawa K, Tsukahara T, Nomiyama T. Short-term associations of ambient air pollution with hospital admissions for ischemic stroke in 97 Japanese cities. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:78821-78831. [PMID: 35701697 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21206-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The short-term association between ambient air pollution and hospital admissions for ischemic stroke is not fully understood. We examined the association between four regularly measured major ambient air pollutants, i.e., sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), photochemical oxidants (Ox), and particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters ≤ 2.5 μm (PM2.5), and hospital admissions for ischemic stroke by analyzing 3 years of nationwide claims data from 97 cities in Japan. We first estimated city-specific results by using generalized additive models with a quasi-Poisson regression, and we obtained the national average by combining city-specific results with the use of random-effect models. We identified a total of 335,248 hospital admissions for ischemic stroke during the 3-year period. Our analysis results demonstrated that interquartile range increases in the following four ambient air pollutants were significantly associated with hospital admissions for ischemic stroke on the same day: SO2 (1.05 ppb), 1.05% (95% CI: 0.59-1.50%); NO2 (6.40 ppb), 1.10% (95% CI: 0.61-1.59%); Ox (18.32 ppb), 1.43% (95% CI: 0.81-2.06%); and PM2.5 (7.86 μg/m3), 0.90% (95% CI: 0.35-1.45%). When the data were stratified by the hospital admittees' medication use, we observed stronger associations with SO2, NO2, and PM2.5 among the patients who were taking antihypertensive drugs and weaker associations with SO2, NO2, and Ox among those taking antiplatelet drugs. Short-term exposure to ambient air pollution was associated with increased hospital admissions for ischemic stroke, and medication use and season may modify the association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Hasegawa
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan.
| | - Teruomi Tsukahara
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan
- Department of Occupational Medicine, School of Medicine, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Nomiyama
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan
- Department of Occupational Medicine, School of Medicine, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan
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10
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Wang T, Chen X, Li H, Chen W, Xu Y, Yao Y, Zhang H, Han Y, Zhang L, Que C, Gong J, Qiu X, Zhu T. Pro-thrombotic changes associated with exposure to ambient ultrafine particles in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: roles of lipid peroxidation and systemic inflammation. Part Fibre Toxicol 2022; 19:65. [PMID: 36280873 PMCID: PMC9590143 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-022-00503-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to particulate matter air pollution is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular mortality in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but the underlying mechanisms are not yet understood. Enhanced platelet and pro-thrombotic activity in COPD patients may explain their increased cardiovascular risk. We aim to explore whether short-term exposure to ambient particulate matter is associated with pro-thrombotic changes in adults with and without COPD, and investigate the underlying biological mechanisms in a longitudinal panel study. Serum concentration of thromboxane (Tx)B2 was measured to reflect platelet and pro-thrombotic activity. Lipoxygenase-mediated lipid peroxidation products (hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids [HETEs]) and inflammatory biomarkers (interleukins [ILs], monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 [MCP-1], tumour necrosis factor alpha [TNF-α], and macrophage inflammatory proteins [MIPs]) were measured as potential mediating determinants of particle-associated pro-thrombotic changes. RESULTS 53 COPD and 82 non-COPD individuals were followed-up on a maximum of four visits conducted from August 2016 to September 2017 in Beijing, China. Compared to non-COPD individuals, the association between exposure to ambient ultrafine particles (UFPs) during the 3-8 days preceding clinical visits and the TxB2 serum concentration was significantly stronger in COPD patients. For example, a 103/cm3 increase in the 6-day average UFP level was associated with a 25.4% increase in the TxB2 level in the COPD group but only an 11.2% increase in the non-COPD group. The association in the COPD group remained robust after adjustment for the levels of fine particulate matter and gaseous pollutants. Compared to the non-COPD group, the COPD group also showed greater increases in the serum concentrations of 12-HETE (16.6% vs. 6.5%) and 15-HETE (9.3% vs. 4.5%) per 103/cm3 increase in the 6-day UFP average. The two lipid peroxidation products mediated 35% and 33% of the UFP-associated increase in the TxB2 level of COPD patients. UFP exposure was also associated with the increased levels of IL-8, MCP-1, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, TNF-α, and IL-1β in COPD patients, but these inflammatory biomarkers did not mediate the TxB2 increase. CONCLUSIONS Short-term exposure to ambient UFPs was associated with a greater pro-thrombotic change among patients with COPD, at least partially driven by lipoxygenase-mediated pathways following exposure. Trial registration ChiCTR1900023692 . Date of registration June 7, 2019, i.e. retrospectively registered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Wang
- BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Chen
- BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Hebei Technology Innovation Center of Human Settlement in Green Building (TCHS), Shenzhen Institute of Building Research Co., Ltd., Xiongan, China
| | - Haonan Li
- BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Wu Chen
- BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yifan Xu
- BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Yao
- BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Hanxiyue Zhang
- BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yiqun Han
- BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Environmental Research Group, MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Lina Zhang
- Shi Cha Hai Community Health Service Center, Beijing, China
| | - Chengli Que
- Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jicheng Gong
- BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinghua Qiu
- BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Zhu
- BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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11
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Miri M, Rezaei H, Momtaz SM, Najafi ML, Adli A, Pajohanfar NS, Abroudi M, Bazghandi MS, Razavi Z, Alonso L, Tonne C, Basagaña X, Nieuwenhuijsen MJ, Sunyer J, Nawrot TS, Dadvand P. Determinants of carbon load in airway macrophages in pregnant women. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 297:118765. [PMID: 34973383 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The airway macrophages carbon loading (AMCL) has been suggested to be a biomarker of the long-term exposure to air pollution; however, to date no study has characterized AMCL for the pregnancy period. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the determinants of AMCL during pregnancy in Iran, a middle-income country. This study was based on a sample of 234 pregnant women with term and normal vaginal delivery who were residing in Sabzevar, Iran (2019). We characterized 35 potential determinants of personal exposure to air pollution for each participant, including six personal, nine indoor, and 20 home-outdoor factors. We applied Deletion/Substitution/Addition algorithm to identify the most relevant determinants that could predict AMCL levels. The median (IQR) of AMCL level was 0.12 (0.30) μm2 with a successful sputum induction in 82.9% (194) of participants. Ambient residential PM2.5 levels were positively associated with higher AMCL levels. On the other hand, increased residential distance to the traffic lights, squares and ring-roads, the duration of opening window per day, and opening window during cooking were inversely associated with AMCL levels. Our findings provide novel insights on the different personal, indoor, and outdoor determinants of personal exposure to air pollution during pregnancy in a middle-income country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Miri
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Department of Environmental Health, School of Health, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Hossein Rezaei
- Student Research Committee, Department of Environmental Health, School of Health, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Seyed Mojtaba Momtaz
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Zarand School of Nursing, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Moslem Lari Najafi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Cosmetic Products Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Adli
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Nasim Sadat Pajohanfar
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Mina Abroudi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Malihe Sadat Bazghandi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Zahra Razavi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Lucia Alonso
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Cathryn Tonne
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Xavier Basagaña
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Mark J Nieuwenhuijsen
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Jordi Sunyer
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Tim S Nawrot
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium; Department of Public Health & Primary Care, Leuven University, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Payam Dadvand
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain.
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12
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Alarabi AB, Lozano PA, Khasawneh FT, Alshbool FZ. The effect of emerging tobacco related products and their toxic constituents on thrombosis. Life Sci 2022; 290:120255. [PMID: 34953893 PMCID: PMC9118784 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Although conventional cigarette smoking is declining, emerging tobacco related products (ETRPs) are currently gaining ground, especially among the youth. These products include electronic cigarettes, waterpipes/hookah, cigars/cigarillo, smokeless tobacco, and heat-not-burn cigarettes. The observed increase in the use of ETRPs is multifactorial and complex but appears to be mainly driven by efforts from the major tobacco companies to reinvent themselves, and present more appealing and allegedly safe(r) tobacco products. However, it is becoming apparent that these products produce substantial amounts of toxic chemicals, many of which have been shown to exert negative health effects, including in the context of the cardiovascular system. Thus, there has been research efforts, albeit limited in general, to characterize the health impact of these products on occlusive/thrombotic cardiovascular diseases (CVD). In this review, we will discuss the potential impact of ETRPs on thrombosis-based CVD. Specifically, we will review how these products and the major chemicals they produce and/or emit can trigger key players in the process of thrombosis, namely inflammation, oxidative stress, platelets, coagulation, and the vascular endothelium, and the relationship between these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed B Alarabi
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy Texas A&M University, Kingsville, TX, USA
| | - Patricia A Lozano
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy Texas A&M University, Kingsville, TX, USA
| | - Fadi T Khasawneh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy Texas A&M University, Kingsville, TX, USA.
| | - Fatima Z Alshbool
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy Texas A&M University, Kingsville, TX, USA.
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13
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Yin G, Wu X, Wu Y, Li H, Gao L, Zhu X, Jiang Y, Wang W, Shen Y, He Y, Chen C, Niu Y, Zhang Y, Mao R, Zeng Y, Kan H, Chen Z, Chen R. Evaluating carbon content in airway macrophages as a biomarker of personal exposure to fine particulate matter and its acute respiratory effects. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 283:131179. [PMID: 34146873 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
It remains unclear whether carbon content in airway macrophages (AM) can predict personal short-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) air pollution and its respiratory health effects. We aimed to evaluate the pathway from personal PM2.5 exposure to adverse respiratory outcomes through AM carbon content. We designed a longitudinal panel study with 3 scheduled follow-ups among 113 non-smoking patients of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Shanghai, China, from April 2017 to January 2019. We quantified AM carbon content from induced sputum by image analysis, tested lung function and measured sputum levels of 4 pro-inflammatory cytokines and 2 anti-inflammatory cytokines. We applied the "meet in the middle" approach incorporating linear mixed-effect models to evaluate the associations from external PM2.5 exposure to respiratory outcomes through AM carbon content. Our results indicated that personal exposure to PM2.5 within 24 h was significantly associated with decreased forced expiratory volume in 1s and anti-inflammatory cytokines, as well as increased macrophages and pro-inflammatory cytokines. These changes were accompanied by increased areas of AM carbon and higher percentage of AM area occupied by carbon, both of which were associated with increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and decreased levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines. Exposure to ambient black carbon and organic carbon in PM2.5 within 2 days was significantly associated with increased AM carbon area and percentage of AM area occupied by carbon. Our findings reinforced the causality in respiratory health effects of PM2.5 in which increased AM carbon content might serve as a valid exposure biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanjin Yin
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment of the Ministry of Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiaodan Wu
- Respiratory Division of Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Respiratory Disease, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yihan Wu
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment of the Ministry of Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hongjin Li
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment of the Ministry of Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Lei Gao
- Respiratory Division of Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Respiratory Disease, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xinlei Zhu
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment of the Ministry of Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yixuan Jiang
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment of the Ministry of Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Weidong Wang
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment of the Ministry of Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yanling Shen
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment of the Ministry of Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yu He
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment of the Ministry of Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chen Chen
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment of the Ministry of Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yue Niu
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment of the Ministry of Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Air Liquide (China) Holding Co., Ltd., Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Ruolin Mao
- Respiratory Division of Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Respiratory Disease, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yuzhen Zeng
- Respiratory Division of Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Respiratory Disease, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Haidong Kan
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment of the Ministry of Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhihong Chen
- Respiratory Division of Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Respiratory Disease, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Renjie Chen
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment of the Ministry of Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China; Shanghai Typhoon Institute/CMA, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Meteorology and Health, Shanghai, 200030, China.
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14
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Wang YY, Li Q, Guo Y, Zhou H, Wang QM, Shen HP, Zhang YP, Yan DH, Li S, Chen G, Lin LZ, He Y, Yang Y, Peng ZQ, Wang HJ, Ma X. Association between air particulate matter pollution and blood cell counts of women preparing for pregnancy: Baseline analysis of a national birth cohort in China. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 200:111399. [PMID: 34077756 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited evidence is known about whether long-term exposures to air borne particulate matters of 2.5 μm or less (PM2.5) impact human hematologic index for women preparing for pregnancy. No study assessed the effect of PM1, which is small enough to reach the blood circulation. OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether exposure to PM1 and PM2.5 is associated with blood cell count of woman preparing for pregnancy. METHOD Based on the baseline data of a national birth cohort in China, we analysed the white blood cell (WBC), red blood cells (RBC) and thrombocyte counts of 1,203,565 women who are aged 18-45 years, being Han ethnicity, had no chronic disease and preparing for pregnancy. We matched their home addresses and examination date with daily concentrations of PM1 and PM2.5 which were estimated by a machine learning method with remote sensing, meteorological and land use information. Generalized additive mixed model to examine the associations between exposure to one-year average exposure to PMs prior to the health examination and the blood cells counts, after adjustment for potential individual variables. RESULTS A 10 μg/m3 PM1 increment was associated with -1.49% (95%CI: 1.56%, -1.42%) difference in WBC count; with 0.33% (95%CI: 0.30%, 0.36%) difference of RBC count; and with 1.08% (95%CI: 1.01%, 1.15%) difference of thrombocyte count. For PM2.5, the corresponding difference was -0.47% (95%CI: 0.54%, -0.39%) for WBC; was 0.06% (95%CI: 0.03%, 0.09%) for RBC; and was 1.10% (95%CI: 1.02%, 1.18%) for thrombocyte. Women working as workers, being overweight and with tobacco smoking exposure had higher associations between PMs and hematologic index than their counterparts (p < 0.05 for interaction test). CONCLUSION Long-term exposure to PMs were associated with decrement in WBC, as well as increment in RBC and thrombocytes among Han Chinese women preparing for pregnancy. Measures such as using air purifiers and wearing a mask in polluted areas should be improved to prevent women from the impact of PMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Wang
- Environmental and Spatial Epidemiology Research Center, National Human Genetic Resources Center, Beijing, China; National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China
| | - Qin Li
- Environmental and Spatial Epidemiology Research Center, National Human Genetic Resources Center, Beijing, China; Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuming Guo
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Hong Zhou
- Environmental and Spatial Epidemiology Research Center, National Human Genetic Resources Center, Beijing, China; Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiao-Mei Wang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, National Health and Family Planning Commission of the PR China, Beijing, China
| | - Hai-Ping Shen
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, National Health and Family Planning Commission of the PR China, Beijing, China
| | - Yi-Ping Zhang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, National Health and Family Planning Commission of the PR China, Beijing, China
| | - Dong-Hai Yan
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, National Health and Family Planning Commission of the PR China, Beijing, China
| | - Shanshan Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Gongbo Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Li-Zi Lin
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan He
- National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Yang
- National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China
| | - Zuo-Qi Peng
- National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China
| | - Hai-Jun Wang
- Environmental and Spatial Epidemiology Research Center, National Human Genetic Resources Center, Beijing, China; Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Xu Ma
- Environmental and Spatial Epidemiology Research Center, National Human Genetic Resources Center, Beijing, China; National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China.
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15
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Cao X, Lin L, Sood A, Ma Q, Zhang X, Liu Y, Liu H, Li Y, Wang T, Tang J, Jiang M, Zhang R, Yu S, Yu Z, Zheng Y, Han W, Leng S. Small Airway Wall Thickening Assessed by Computerized Tomography Is Associated With Low Lung Function in Chinese Carbon Black Packers. Toxicol Sci 2021; 178:26-35. [PMID: 32818265 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfaa134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanoscale carbon black as virtually pure elemental carbon can deposit deep in the lungs and cause pulmonary injury. Airway remodeling assessed using computed tomography (CT) correlates well with spirometry in patients with obstructive lung diseases. Structural airway changes caused by carbon black exposure remain unknown. Wall and lumen areas of sixth and ninth generations of airways in 4 lobes were quantified using end-inhalation CT scans in 58 current carbon black packers (CBPs) and 95 non-CBPs. Carbon content in airway macrophage (CCAM) in sputum was quantified to assess the dose-response. Environmental monitoring and CCAM showed a much higher level of elemental carbon exposure in CBPs, which was associated with higher wall area and lower lumen area with no change in total airway area for either airway generation. This suggested small airway wall thickening is a major feature of airway remodeling in CBPs. When compared with wall or lumen areas, wall area percent (WA%) was not affected by subject characteristics or lobar location and had greater measurement reproducibility. The effect of carbon black exposure status on WA% did not differ by lobes. CCAM was associated with WA% in a dose-dependent manner. CBPs had lower FEV1 (forced expiratory volume in 1 s) than non-CBPs and mediation analysis identified that a large portion (41-72%) of the FEV1 reduction associated with carbon black exposure could be explained by WA%. Small airway wall thickening as a major imaging change detected by CT may underlie the pathology of lung function impairment caused by carbon black exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Cao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health
| | - Li Lin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Akshay Sood
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131
| | - Qianli Ma
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Xiangyun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environment and Resources, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yuansheng Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Yanting Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health
| | - Jinglong Tang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health
| | - Menghui Jiang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Shanfa Yu
- Henan Institute of Occupational Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Zhiqiang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environment and Resources, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yuxin Zheng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health
| | - Wei Han
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Shuguang Leng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131.,Cancer Control and Population Sciences, University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131
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16
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Hehua Z, Qing C, Yuhong Z. Association between ambient particulate matter exposure and platelet counts in adults: a retrospective cohort study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:31268-31275. [PMID: 33599925 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12865-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Associations between ambient particulate matter exposure and platelet counts are inconsistent in previous studies, and study on the effect of long-term exposure especially in Asian populations is limited. We explored the associations between long-term PM2.5 (particulate matter < 2.5 μm) exposure and platelet counts using a prospective cohort study in Northeast China. We used a logistic regression model to analyze the effects of different PM2.5 increments and platelet count elevation. Mixed linear models were used to analyze the association between PM2.5 concentration and platelet counts. Interaction and sub-group analyses were also conducted. Results showed that every 1 μg/m3 increment of PM2.5 exposure was associated with 0.29% (95%CI: 0.25-0.32%) increase in platelet counts and 10% (95%CI: 8-12%) higher risk of platelet elevation. Effects of long-term PM2.5 exposure on platelet elevation were stronger in male participants, of Han ethnicity, and without diabetes. Long-term PM2.5 exposure would increase platelet counts in adults in Northeast area of China, which might add more evidence to the potential biological mechanisms responsible for the effect of air pollution exposure on cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Hehua
- Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Huaxiang Road No. 39, Tiexi District, Shenyang, China
| | - Chang Qing
- Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Huaxiang Road No. 39, Tiexi District, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhao Yuhong
- Clinical Research Center, Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shenjing Hospital of China Medical University, Sanhao Street, No. 36, Heping District, Shenyang, China.
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17
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Montresor-López JA, Reading SR, Yanosky JD, Mittleman MA, Bell RA, Crume TL, Dabelea D, Dolan L, D'Agostino RB, Marcovina SM, Pihoker C, Reynolds K, Urbina E, Liese AD, Quirós-Alcalá L, Smith JC, Bueno de Mesquita PJ, Puett RC. The relationship between traffic-related air pollution exposures and allostatic load score among youth with type 1 diabetes in the SEARCH cohort. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 197:111075. [PMID: 33798519 PMCID: PMC8187288 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated the effects of chronic exposures to particulate and traffic-related air pollution on allostatic load (AL) score, a marker of cumulative biological risk, among youth with type 1 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Participants were drawn from five clinical sites of the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth (SEARCH) study (n = 2338). Baseline questionnaires, anthropometric measures, and a fasting blood test were taken at a clinic visit between 2001 and 2005. AL was operationalized using 10 biomarkers reflecting cardiovascular, metabolic, and inflammatory risk. Annual residential exposures to PM2.5 and proximity to heavily-trafficked major roadways were estimated for each participant. Poisson regression models adjusted for sociodemographic and lifestyle factors were conducted for each exposure. RESULTS No significant associations were observed between exposures to PM2.5 or proximity to traffic and AL score, however analyses were suggestive of effect modification by race for residential distance to heavily-trafficked major roadways (p = 0.02). In stratified analyses, residing <100, 100-<200 and 200-<400 m compared to 400 m or more from heavily-trafficked major roadways was associated with 11%, 26% and 14% increases in AL score, respectively (95% CIs: -4, 29; 9, 45; -1, 30) for non-white participants compared to 6%, -2%, and -2% changes (95% CIs: -2, 15; -10, 7; -8, 6) for white participants. CONCLUSIONS Among this population of youth with type 1 diabetes, we did not observe consistent relationships between chronic exposures to particulate and traffic-related air pollution and changes in AL score, however associations for traffic-related pollution exposures may differ by race/ethnicity and warrant further examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Montresor-López
- Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, 255 Valley Dr., Suite 2234, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Stephanie R Reading
- Department of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, 100 S Los Robles Ave #2, Pasadena, CA, 91101, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Yanosky
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 700 HMC Crescent Road, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Murray A Mittleman
- Department of Epidemiology, TH Chan Harvard School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Ronny A Bell
- Department of Public Health, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, 115 Heart Dr., Greenville, NC, 27834, USA
| | - Tessa L Crume
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado-Denver Anschutz Medical Center, 13001 E. 17th Place, Mail Stop B119, Fitzsimons Building, Room W3110, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Dana Dabelea
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado-Denver Anschutz Medical Center, 13001 E. 17th Place, Mail Stop B119, Fitzsimons Building, Room W3110, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Lawrence Dolan
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Ralph B D'Agostino
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, 475 Vine Street, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA
| | - Santica M Marcovina
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Northwest Lipid Metabolism and Diabetes Research Laboratories, 401 Queen Anne Avenue North UW, Mailbox 359119, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Catherine Pihoker
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, 4245 Roosevelt Way NE 4th Floor, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
| | - Kristi Reynolds
- Department of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, 100 S Los Robles Ave #2, Pasadena, CA, 91101, USA
| | - Elaine Urbina
- Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, C4 Clinic, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Angela D Liese
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Discovery 1 461, 915 Greene St, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Lesliam Quirós-Alcalá
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Room E6616, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - J Carson Smith
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, 255 Valley Dr., Suite 2234, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - P Jacob Bueno de Mesquita
- Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, 255 Valley Dr., Suite 2234, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Robin C Puett
- Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, 255 Valley Dr., Suite 2234, College Park, MD, 20742, USA.
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18
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Misiukiewicz-Stepien P, Paplinska-Goryca M. Biological effect of PM 10 on airway epithelium-focus on obstructive lung diseases. Clin Immunol 2021; 227:108754. [PMID: 33964432 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2021.108754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recently, a continuous increase in environmental pollution has been observed. Despite wide-scale efforts to reduce air pollutant emissions, the problem is still relevant. Exposure to elevated levels of airborne particles increased the incidence of respiratory diseases. PM10 constitute the largest fraction of air pollutants, containing particles with a diameter of less than 10 μm, metals, pollens, mineral dust and remnant material from anthropogenic activity. The natural airway defensive mechanisms against inhaled material, such as mucus layer, ciliary clearance and macrophage phagocytic activity, may be insufficient for proper respiratory function. The epithelium layer can be disrupted by ongoing oxidative stress and inflammatory processes induced by exposure to large amounts of inhaled particles as well as promote the development and exacerbation of obstructive lung diseases. This review draws attention to the current state of knowledge about the physical features of PM10 and its impact on airway epithelial cells, and obstructive pulmonary diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Misiukiewicz-Stepien
- Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland; Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Diseases and Allergy, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland.
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19
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Liu H, Li J, Ma Q, Tang J, Jiang M, Cao X, Lin L, Kong N, Yu S, Sood A, Zheng Y, Leng S, Han W. Chronic exposure to diesel exhaust may cause small airway wall thickening without lumen narrowing: a quantitative computerized tomography study in Chinese diesel engine testers. Part Fibre Toxicol 2021; 18:14. [PMID: 33766066 PMCID: PMC7992811 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-021-00406-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Diesel exhaust (DE) is a major source of ultrafine particulate matters (PM) in ambient air and contaminates many occupational settings. Airway remodeling assessed using computerized tomography (CT) correlates well with spirometry in patients with obstructive lung diseases. Structural changes of small airways caused by chronic DE exposure is unknown. Wall and lumen areas of 6th and 9th generations of four candidate airways were quantified using end-inhalation CT scans in 78 diesel engine testers (DET) and 76 non-DETs. Carbon content in airway macrophage (CCAM) in sputum was quantified to assess the dose-response relationship. Results Environmental monitoring and CCAM showed a much higher PM exposure in DETs, which was associated with higher wall area and wall area percent for 6th generation of airways. However, no reduction in lumen area was identified. No study subjects met spirometry diagnosis of airway obstruction. This suggested that small airway wall thickening without lumen narrowing may be an early feature of airway remodeling in DETs. The effect of DE exposure status on wall area percent did not differ by lobes or smoking status. Although the trend test was of borderline significance between categorized CCAM and wall area percent, subjects in the highest CCAM category has a 14% increase in wall area percent for the 6th generation of airways compared to subjects in the lowest category. The impact of DE exposure on FEV1 can be partially explained by the wall area percent with mediation effect size equal to 20%, Pperm = 0.028). Conclusions Small airway wall thickening without lumen narrowing may be an early image feature detected by CT and underlie the pathology of lung injury in DETs. The pattern of changes in small airway dimensions, i.e., thicker airway wall without lumen narrowing caused by occupational DE exposure was different to that (i.e., thicker airway wall with lumen narrowing) seen in our previous study of workers exposed to nano-scale carbon black aerosol, suggesting constituents other than carbon cores may contribute to such differences. Our study provides some imaging indications of the understanding of the pulmonary toxicity of combustion derived airborne particulate matters in humans. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12989-021-00406-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China
| | - Jianyu Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, Shandong, China
| | - Qianli Ma
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China
| | - Jinglong Tang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, Shandong, China
| | - Menghui Jiang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, Shandong, China
| | - Xue Cao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, Shandong, China
| | - Li Lin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China
| | - Nan Kong
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, Shandong, China
| | - Shanfa Yu
- Henan Institute of Occupational Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Akshay Sood
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Yuxin Zheng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, Shandong, China.
| | - Shuguang Leng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, Shandong, China. .,Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA. .,Cancer Control and Population Sciences, University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA.
| | - Wei Han
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China.
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20
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Altuwayjiri A, Taghvaee S, Mousavi A, Sowlat MH, Hassanvand MS, Kashani H, Faridi S, Yunesian M, Naddafi K, Sioutas C. Association of systemic inflammation and coagulation biomarkers with source-specific PM 2.5 mass concentrations among young and elderly subjects in central Tehran. JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION (1995) 2021; 71:191-208. [PMID: 32758070 DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2020.1806140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the association between short-term exposure to different sources of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and biomarkers of coagulation and inflammation in two different panels of elderly and healthy young individuals in central Tehran. Five biomarkers, including white blood cells (WBC), high sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP), tumor necrosis factor-soluble receptor-II (sTNF-RII), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and von Willebrand factor (vWF) were analyzed in the blood samples drawn every 8 weeks from the subjects between May 2012 and May 2013. The studied populations consisted of 44 elderly individuals at a retirement home as well as 40 young adults residing at a school dormitory. Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF)-resolved source-specific PM2.5 mass concentrations and biomarker levels were used as the input to the linear mixed-effects regression model to evaluate the impact of exposure to previously identified PM sources at retirement home and school dormitory in two time lag configurations: lag 1-3 (1-3 days before the blood sampling), and lag 4-6 (4-6 days before the blood sampling). Our analysis of the elderly revealed positive associations of all biomarkers (except hsCRP) with particles of secondary origin in both time lags, further corroborating the toxicity of secondary aerosols formed by photochemical processing in central Tehran. Moreover, industrial emissions, and road dust particles were positively associated with WBC, sTNF-RII, and IL-6 among seniors, while vehicular emissions exhibited positive associations with all biomarkers in either first- or second-time lag. In contrast, most of the PM2.5 sources showed insignificant associations with biomarkers of inflammation in the panel of healthy young subjects. Therefore, findings from this study indicated that various PM2.5 sources increase the levels of inflammation and coagulation biomarkers, although the strength and significance of these associations vary depending on the type of PM sources, demographic characteristics, and differ across the different time lags. Implications: Tehran, the capital of Iran with a population of more than 9 million people, has been facing serious air pollution challenges as a result of extensive vehicular, and industrial activities in the previous years. Among various air pollutants in Tehran, fine particulate matters (PM2.5, particles with aerodynamic diameters < 2.5 µm) are known as one of the most important critical pollutants, causing several adverse health impacts including lung cancer, respiratory, cardiovascular, and cardiopulmonary diseases. Therefore, a number of studies in the area have tried to investigate the adverse health impacts of exposure to PM2.5. However, no studies have ever been conducted in Tehran to examine the association between specific PM2.5 sources and biomarkers of coagulation and systemic inflammation as indicators of cardiovascular disorders. Indeed, this is the first study in the area investigating the association of source-specific PM2.5 with biomarkers of inflammation including white blood cells (WBC), high sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP), tumor necrosis factor-soluble receptor-II (sTNF-RII), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and von Willebrand factor (vWF). Our results have important implications for policy makers in identifying the most toxic sources of PM2.5, and in turn designing schemes for mitigating adverse health impacts of air pollution in Tehran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulmalik Altuwayjiri
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sina Taghvaee
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Amirhosein Mousavi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mohammad H Sowlat
- Advanced Monitoring Technologies, Science and Technology Advancement Division, South Coast Air Quality Management District , Diamond Bar, CA, USA
| | - Mohammad Sadegh Hassanvand
- Center for Air Pollution Research (CAPR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Homa Kashani
- Department of Research Methodology and Data Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Sasan Faridi
- Center for Air Pollution Research (CAPR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Masud Yunesian
- Department of Research Methodology and Data Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Kazem Naddafi
- Center for Air Pollution Research (CAPR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Constantinos Sioutas
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA, USA
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21
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Tejwani V, Moughames E, Suresh K, Tang SE, Mair LG, Romero K, Putcha N, Alexis NE, Woo H, D’Alessio FR, Hansel NN. Black Carbon Content in Airway Macrophages is Associated with Reduced CD80 Expression and Increased Exacerbations in Former Smokers With COPD. CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASES (MIAMI, FLA.) 2021; 8:91-99. [PMID: 33156984 PMCID: PMC8047619 DOI: 10.15326/jcopdf.2020.0170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by recurrent exacerbations. Macrophages play a critical role in immune response and tissue repair in COPD. Airway macrophages (AM) are exposed to environmental exposures which are retained in the cytoplasmic material. Both biomass and particulate matter have been linked to higher AM black carbon. It is unknown if AM black carbon is associated with COPD morbidity and macrophage phenotype. METHODS Former smokers with COPD were enrolled and sputum induction was performed to obtain airway macrophages. Macrophages underwent black carbon quantification and flow cytometry phenotyping. Health information was obtained the same day as sputum induction and prospective exacerbations were assessed by monthly telephone calls. RESULTS We studied 30 former smokers with COPD who had a mean age of 67 years and mean forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1)% predicted of 60.8%. Higher AM black carbon content was associated with increased total exacerbations and severe exacerbations and reduced CD80 expression. CONCLUSION AM black carbon association with respiratory morbidity is largely unexplored and this is the first study to identify association with prospective exacerbations. Macrophages expressed reduced CD80, a surface marker providing costimulatory signals required for development of antigen-specific immune responses. Our findings suggest that reduced CD80 expression is the pathophysiologic mechanism for the association of AM black carbon content and increased exacerbations. Therefore, beyond solely serving as a marker for increased exposures, AM black carbon content may be a predictor of future exacerbations given a macrophage less equipped to respond to an acute infectious exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vickram Tejwani
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Eric Moughames
- Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Karthik Suresh
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Shih-En Tang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Laura G. Mair
- Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Karina Romero
- Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Nirupama Putcha
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Neil E. Alexis
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
| | - Han Woo
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Franco R. D’Alessio
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
- **These authors share senior authorship
| | - Nadia N. Hansel
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
- **These authors share senior authorship
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22
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Bijnens EM, Derom C, Thiery E, Weyers S, Nawrot TS. Residential green space and child intelligence and behavior across urban, suburban, and rural areas in Belgium: A longitudinal birth cohort study of twins. PLoS Med 2020; 17:e1003213. [PMID: 32810193 PMCID: PMC7446904 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to green space has beneficial effects on several cognitive and behavioral aspects. However, to our knowledge, no study addressed intelligence as outcome. We investigated whether the level of urbanicity can modify the association of residential green space with intelligence and behavior in children. METHODS AND FINDINGS This study includes 620 children and is part of the East Flanders Prospective Twin Survey (EFPTS), a registry of multiple births in the province of East Flanders, Belgium. Intelligence was assessed with the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised (WISC-R) in 620 children (310 twin pairs) between 7 and 15 years old. From a subset of 442 children, behavior was determined based on the Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Prenatal and childhood residential addresses were geocoded and used to assign green space indicators. Mixed modeling was performed to investigate green space in association with intelligence and behavior while adjusting for potential confounding factors including sex, age, parental education, neighborhood household income, year of assessment, and zygosity and chorionicity. We found that residential green space in association with both intelligence and behavior in children was modified by the degree of urbanicity (p < 0.001). In children living in an urban environment, multivariable adjusted mixed modeling analysis revealed that an IQR increment of residential green space (3,000-m radius) was associated with a 2.6 points (95% CI 1.4-3.9; p < 0.001) higher total intelligence quotient (IQ) and 2.0 points (95% CI -3.5 to -0.4; p = 0.017) lower externalizing behavioral score. In children residing in a rural or suburban environment, no association was found. A limitation of this study is that no information was available on school location and the potential for unmeasured confounding (e.g., time spend outdoors). CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that residential green space may be beneficial for the intellectual and the behavioral development of children living in urban areas. These findings are relevant for policy makers and urban planners to create an optimal environment for children to develop their full potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmée M. Bijnens
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Catherine Derom
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- Centre of Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Evert Thiery
- Department of Neurology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Steven Weyers
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tim S. Nawrot
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
- Department of Public Health, Leuven University (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
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Fauzie AK, Venkataramana GV. Exposure to organic and inorganic traffic-related air pollutants alters haematological and biochemical indices in albino mice Mus musculus. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2020; 30:117-133. [PMID: 30758226 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2019.1577367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between air pollution exposure and haematology remains controversial. Evidences in the effect of trace organic air pollutants and in the impact of such exposure on lipid and protein levels are scarce. This work investigated the health effects of medium-term exposure to traffic-related air pollution on both haematological and biochemical indices in animal models. Two groups of albino mice (Mus musculus) were exposed to ambient air polluted by vehicle exhaust for three and six months, and one group was kept as control. Results found significant depletions (p < 0.05) in red blood cells, packed cell volume, neutrophils, eosinophils, monocytes, and total cholesterol after air pollution exposure. On the contrary, significant elevations (p < 0.05) were observed in platelet, lymphocytes, and serum albumin compared to control condition. Correlation data suggested that significant changes in blood parameters may be altered by the synergistic effect of several organic and inorganic air pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azis Kemal Fauzie
- Department of Studies in Environmental Science, University of Mysore, Mysore, India
| | - G V Venkataramana
- Department of Studies in Environmental Science, University of Mysore, Mysore, India
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Cheng W, Liu Y, Tang J, Duan H, Wei X, Zhang X, Yu S, Campen MJ, Han W, Rothman N, Belinsky SA, Lan Q, Zheng Y, Leng S. Carbon content in airway macrophages and genomic instability in Chinese carbon black packers. Arch Toxicol 2020; 94:761-771. [PMID: 32076763 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02678-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Carbon black (CB) particulates as virtually pure elemental carbon can deposit deep in the lungs of humans. International Agency for Research on Cancer classified CB as a Group 2B carcinogen due to inconclusive human evidence. A molecular epidemiological study was conducted in an established cohort of CB packers (CBP) to assess associations between CB exposure and genomic instability in peripheral lymphocytes using cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay (CBMN). Carbon content in airway macrophages (CCAM) was quantified as a bio-effective dosimeter for chronic CB exposure. Dose-response observed in CBPs was compared to that seen in workers exposed to diesel exhaust. The association between CB exposure status and CBMN endpoints was identified in 85 CBPs and 106 non-CBPs from a 2012 visit and replicated in 127 CBPs and 105 non-CBPs from a 2018 visit. The proportion of cytoplasm area occupied by carbon particles in airway macrophages was over fivefold higher in current CBPs compared to non-CBPs and was associated with CBMN endpoints in a dose-dependent manner. CB aerosol and diesel exhaust shared the same potency of inducing genomic instability in workers. Circulatory pro-inflammatory factors especially TNF-α was found to mediate associations between CB exposure and CBMN endpoints. In vitro functional validation supported the role of TNF-α in inducing genomic instability. An estimated range of lower limits of benchmark dose of 4.19-7.28% of CCAM was recommended for risk assessment. Chronic CB exposure increased genomic instability in human circulation and this provided novel evidence supporting its reclassification as a human carcinogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Cheng
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, Shandong, China
| | - Yuansheng Liu
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, Shandong, China
| | - Jinglong Tang
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, Shandong, China
| | - Huawei Duan
- National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoran Wei
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, Shandong, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Shanfa Yu
- Henan Institute of Occupational Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Henan Medical College, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Matthew J Campen
- College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Wei Han
- Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Nathaniel Rothman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Steven A Belinsky
- Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Qing Lan
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Yuxin Zheng
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, Shandong, China
| | - Shuguang Leng
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, Shandong, China.
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Gondalia R, Holliday KM, Baldassari A, Justice AE, Stewart JD, Liao D, Yanosky JD, Engel SM, Jordahl KM, Bhatti P, Horvath S, Assimes TL, Pankow JS, Demerath EW, Guan W, Fornage M, Bressler J, North KE, Conneely KN, Li Y, Hou L, Baccarelli AA, Whitsel EA. Leukocyte Traits and Exposure to Ambient Particulate Matter Air Pollution in the Women's Health Initiative and Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2020; 128:17004. [PMID: 31903802 PMCID: PMC7015624 DOI: 10.1289/ehp5360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory effects of ambient particulate matter (PM) air pollution exposures may underlie PM-related increases in cardiovascular disease risk and mortality, although evidence of PM-associated leukocytosis is inconsistent and largely based on small, cross-sectional, and/or unrepresentative study populations. OBJECTIVES Our objective was to estimate PM-leukocyte associations among U.S. women and men in the Women's Health Initiative and Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study (n = 165,675 ). METHODS We based the PM-leukocyte estimations on up to four study visits per participant, at which peripheral blood leukocytes and geocoded address-specific concentrations of PM ≤ 10 , ≤ 2.5 , and 2.5 - 10 μ m in diameter (PM 10 , PM 2.5 , and PM 2.5 - 10 , respectively) were available. We multiply imputed missing data using chained equations and estimated PM-leukocyte count associations over daily to yearly PM exposure averaging periods using center-specific, linear, mixed, longitudinal models weighted for attrition and adjusted for sociodemographic, behavioral, meteorological, and geographic covariates. In a subset of participants with available data (n = 8,457 ), we also estimated PM-leukocyte proportion associations in compositional data analyses. RESULTS We found a 12 cells / μ L (95% confidence interval: - 9 , 33) higher leukocyte count, a 1.2% (0.6%, 1.8%) higher granulocyte proportion, and a - 1.1 % (- 1.9 % , - 0.3 % ) lower CD 8 + T-cell proportion per 10 - μ g / m 3 increase in 1-month mean PM 2.5 . However, shorter-duration PM 10 exposures were inversely and only modestly associated with leukocyte count. DISCUSSION The PM 2.5 -leukocyte estimates, albeit imprecise, suggest that among racially, ethnically, and environmentally diverse U.S. populations, sustained, ambient exposure to fine PM may induce subclinical, but epidemiologically important, inflammatory effects. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP5360.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Gondalia
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Katelyn M. Holliday
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Antoine Baldassari
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Anne E. Justice
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Geisinger Health System, Danville, Pennsylvania
| | - James D. Stewart
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Duanping Liao
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Jeff D. Yanosky
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Stephanie M. Engel
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Kristina M. Jordahl
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Parveen Bhatti
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Steve Horvath
- Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | | | - James S. Pankow
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Ellen W. Demerath
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Weihua Guan
- Division of Biostatistics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Myriam Fornage
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Jan Bressler
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Kari E. North
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Carolina Center for Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Karen N. Conneely
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Yun Li
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Department of Computer Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Lifang Hou
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
- Center for Population Epigenetics, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Andrea A. Baccarelli
- Laboratory of Environmental Epigenetics, Departments of Environmental Health Sciences and Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York
| | - Eric A. Whitsel
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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26
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Puett RC, Yanosky JD, Mittleman MA, Montresor-Lopez J, Bell RA, Crume TL, Dabelea D, Dolan LM, D'Agostino RB, Marcovina SM, Pihoker C, Reynolds K, Urbina E, Liese AD. Inflammation and acute traffic-related air pollution exposures among a cohort of youth with type 1 diabetes. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 132:105064. [PMID: 31419765 PMCID: PMC7717111 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence remains equivocal regarding the association of inflammation, a precursor to cardiovascular disease, and acute exposures to ambient air pollution from traffic-related particulate matter. Though youth with type 1 diabetes are at higher risk for cardiovascular disease, the relationship of inflammation and ambient air pollution exposures in this population has received little attention. OBJECTIVES Using five geographically diverse US sites from the racially- and ethnically-diverse SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Cohort, we examined the relationship of acute exposures to PM2.5 mass, Atmospheric Dispersion Modeling System (ADMS)-Roads traffic-related PM concentrations near roadways, and elemental carbon (EC) with biomarkers of inflammation including interleukin-6 (IL-6), c-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and fibrinogen. METHODS Baseline questionnaires and blood were obtained at a study visit. Using a spatio-temporal modeling approach, pollutant exposures for 7 days prior to blood draw were assigned to residential addresses. Linear mixed models for each outcome and exposure were adjusted for demographic and lifestyle factors identified a priori. RESULTS Among the 2566 participants with complete data, fully-adjusted models showed positive associations of EC average week exposures with IL-6 and hs-CRP, and PM2.5 mass exposures on lag day 3 with IL-6 levels. Comparing the 25th and 75th percentiles of average week EC exposures resulted in 8.3% higher IL-6 (95%CI: 2.7%,14.3%) and 9.8% higher hs-CRP (95%CI: 2.4%,17.7%). We observed some evidence of effect modification for the relationships of PM2.5 mass exposures with hs-CRP by gender and with IL-6 by race/ethnicity. CONCLUSIONS Indicators of inflammation were associated with estimated traffic-related air pollutant exposures in this study population of youth with type 1 diabetes. Thus youth with type 1 diabetes may be at increased risk of air pollution-related inflammation. These findings and the racial/ethnic and gender differences observed deserve further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin C Puett
- Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD, USA.
| | - Jeff D Yanosky
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Murray A Mittleman
- Department of Epidemiology, TH Chan Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jessica Montresor-Lopez
- Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Ronny A Bell
- Department of Public Health, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
| | - Tessa L Crume
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado-Denver Anschutz Medical Center, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Dana Dabelea
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado-Denver Anschutz Medical Center, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Lawrence M Dolan
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Ralph B D'Agostino
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Santica M Marcovina
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Northwest Lipid Metabolism and Diabetes Research Laboratories, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Kristi Reynolds
- Department of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Elaine Urbina
- Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Angela D Liese
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
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27
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Rajagopalan S, Al-Kindi SG, Brook RD. Air Pollution and Cardiovascular Disease: JACC State-of-the-Art Review. J Am Coll Cardiol 2019; 72:2054-2070. [PMID: 30336830 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2018.07.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 645] [Impact Index Per Article: 129.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Fine particulate matter <2.5 μm (PM2.5) air pollution is the most important environmental risk factor contributing to global cardiovascular (CV) mortality and disability. Short-term elevations in PM2.5 increase the relative risk of acute CV events by 1% to 3% within a few days. Longer-term exposures over several years increase this risk by a larger magnitude (∼10%), which is partially attributable to the development of cardiometabolic conditions (e.g., hypertension and diabetes mellitus). As such, ambient PM2.5 poses a major threat to global public health. In this review, the authors provide an overview of air pollution and health, including assessment of exposure, impact on CV outcomes, mechanistic underpinnings, and impact of air pollution reduction strategies to mitigate CV risk. The review concludes with future challenges, including the inextricable link between air pollution and climate change, and calls for large-scale trials to allow the promulgation of formal evidence-based recommendations to lower air pollution-induced health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Rajagopalan
- Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals, Cleveland, Ohio; Case Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio.
| | - Sadeer G Al-Kindi
- Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Robert D Brook
- Michigan Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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28
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Bai Y, Laenen A, Haufroid V, Nawrot TS, Nemery B. Urinary lead in relation to combustion-derived air pollution in urban environments. A longitudinal study of an international panel. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 125:75-81. [PMID: 30710802 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urinary lead (Pb) is generally considered to have limited use in biomonitoring environmental exposure to lead. Carbon load in airway macrophages (AM BC) is an internal marker to assess long-term exposure to combustion-derived aerosol particles. In urban environments, atmospheric Pb and black carbon may have common sources. We aimed to study the temporal change of urinary Pb (U-Pb) when exposure to outdoor air pollution changes, and the relationship between U-Pb and AM BC. METHODS A panel of 50 young healthy adults [mean (SD) 26.7 (5.2) years], including 17 long-term (>1 year) residents in Leuven, Belgium (BE), 15 and 18 newcomers (arrived <3 weeks) from low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) and high-income countries (HIC), respectively, underwent 8 repeated measurements at 6 weeks intervals. In urine spot samples obtained at 5 time points (T1, T2, T4, T6, T8), 24 trace elements were quantified by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. At each time point, AM BC was quantified as the median surface of black inclusions (in μm2) by means of image analysis of 25 macrophages obtained by induced sputum. Changes in urinary metal concentrations (with and without creatinine correction) and the relationship between U-Pb and AM BC were estimated using linear mixed models adjusted for covariates and potential confounders. RESULTS Only U-Pb differed between groups and exhibited significant time trends. Participants from the LMIC group had significantly higher initial U-Pb (1.18 μg/g creat) than the HIC group (0.44 μg/g creat) and BE group (0.45 μg/g creat). In the LMIC group, U-Pb decreased significantly with time by 0.061 μg/g creatinine per 30 days [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.034, 0.088]. U-Pb remained unchanged in the other two groups. An increase in AM BC of 1 μm2 was associated with an increase in U-Pb of 0.369 μg/g creat (95% CI: 0.145, 0.593). CONCLUSION This panel study demonstrates that U-Pb may be a valid alternative to blood Pb for biomonitoring changes in exposure to lead, at least at group level. In addition, we identified a positive association between U-Pb and AM BC, a biomarker of exposure to traffic-related air pollution, suggesting the existence of common sources of Pb and black carbon in urban environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Bai
- Centre for Environment and Health, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, O&N 1 box 706, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Annouschka Laenen
- Leuven Biostatistics and Statistical Bioinformatics Centre (L-BioStat), Kapucijnenvoer 35 blok d, box 7001, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Vincent Haufroid
- Louvain Centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (LTAP), Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue Mounier 52/B1.52.12, 1200 Woluwe-Saint-Lambert, Belgium.
| | - Tim S Nawrot
- Centre for Environment and Health, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, O&N 1 box 706, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium.
| | - Benoit Nemery
- Centre for Environment and Health, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, O&N 1 box 706, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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29
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Rezaei Hachesu V, Naderyan Fe'li S, Kargar Shouroki F, Mehrparvar AH, Zavar Reza J, Azimi M, Zare Sakhvidi MJ. Carbon load in airway macrophages, DNA damage and lung function in taxi drivers exposed to traffic-related air pollution. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:6868-6876. [PMID: 30632047 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04179-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the potential applicability of carbon load in airway macrophages as a marker of exposure to traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) and its association with parameters of comet assay as a marker of DNA damage, and pulmonary function tests (PFTs) in the group of taxi drivers in Iran. One hundred four male taxi drivers with at least 1-year job history were randomly selected from registered drivers in the taxi union. Airway macrophages were obtained via sputum induction, and then the area of airway macrophages occupied by carbon was measured. DNA damage was determined by comet assay. PFTs were measured by the spirometer. Most of the participants (89.4%) were non-smoker. In this study, 52.7% of non-smoker participants were able to give a sample of sputum with macrophage. Carbon content of airway macrophages was 0.2 μm2. There was no significant difference in pulmonary function and comet assay parameters in terms of smoking status. There was an inverse correlation between carbon load with each of comet assay and PFTs parameters, although not statistically significant. This study identified that long-term exposure to TRAP can be a risk factor for pulmonary disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vida Rezaei Hachesu
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
| | - Shadi Naderyan Fe'li
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Kargar Shouroki
- Occupational Health Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Amir Houshang Mehrparvar
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Javad Zavar Reza
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mohammad Azimi
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Zare Sakhvidi
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
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30
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Diabetes Status and Susceptibility to the Effects of PM2.5 Exposure on Cardiovascular Mortality in a National Canadian Cohort. Epidemiology 2019; 29:784-794. [PMID: 30074537 DOI: 10.1097/ede.0000000000000908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes is infrequently coded as the primary cause of death but may contribute to cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in response to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure. We analyzed all contributing causes of death to examine susceptibility of diabetics to CVD mortality from long-term exposure. METHODS We linked a subset of the 2001 Canadian Census Health and Environment Cohort (CanCHEC) with 10 years of follow-up to all causes of death listed on death certificates. We used survival models to examine the association between CVD deaths (n = 123,500) and exposure to PM2.5 among deaths that co-occurred with diabetes (n = 20,600) on the death certificate. More detailed information on behavioral covariates and diabetes status at baseline available in the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS)-mortality cohort (n = 12,400 CVD deaths, with 2,800 diabetes deaths) complemented the CanCHEC analysis. RESULTS Among CanCHEC subjects, comention of diabetes on the death certificate increased the magnitude of association between CVD mortality and PM2.5 (HR = 1.51 [1.39-1.65] per 10 μg/m) versus all CVD deaths (HR = 1.25 [1.21-1.29]) or CVD deaths without diabetes (HR = 1.20 [1.16-1.25]). Among CCHS subjects, diabetics who used insulin or medication (included as proxies for severity) had higher HR estimates for CVD deaths from PM2.5 (HR = 1.51 [1.08-2.12]) relative to the CVD death estimate for all respondents (HR = 1.31 [1.16-1.47]). CONCLUSIONS Mention of diabetes on the death certificate resulted in higher magnitude associations between PM2.5 and CVD mortality, specifically among those who manage their diabetes with insulin or medication. Analyses restricted to the primary cause of death likely underestimate the role of diabetes in air pollution-related mortality. See video abstract at, http://links.lww.com/EDE/B408.
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31
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Saenen ND, Provost EB, Cuypers A, Kicinski M, Pieters N, Plusquin M, Vrijens K, De Boever P, Nawrot TS. Child's buccal cell mitochondrial DNA content modifies the association between heart rate variability and recent air pollution exposure at school. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 123:39-49. [PMID: 30496980 PMCID: PMC6329889 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies investigating short-term exposure to ambient air pollution and heart rate variability (HRV) suggest that particulate matter (PM) exposure is associated with reductions in measures of HRV. Mitochondria are sensitive to PM exposure and may represent a biologically relevant underlying mechanism. However, evidence in children is lacking. OBJECTIVES Here we examine whether PM has an influence on children's HRV and evaluate whether mitochondrial DNA content (mtDNAc) reflects individual susceptibility. METHODS Within a panel study in primary school children (aged 9-12 years), we measured HRV in a subset of 60 children on three different days during school-time using four indicators: normal-to-normal intervals (SDNN), square root of mean squared difference of normal-to-normal intervals (rMSSD), high frequency (HF), and low frequency (LF). This resulted in a total number of 150 visits (median number of visits per child: 2.5/child). MtDNAc was measured using qPCR in buccal cells. We measured recent PM exposure at the school. Residential 24-hour mean exposure to PM was modelled with a high resolution spatial temporal model. Mixed-effects models were used to estimate the association between HRV and recent PM exposure and potential effect-modification by mtDNAc. RESULTS Children were on average [SD] 9.9 [1.2] years and comprised 39 girls. Median [25th-75th] recent outdoor PM2.5 and PM10 exposure at school was 6.20 [2.8-12.8] μg/m3 and 29.3 [24.7-42.0] μg/m3, respectively. In children with low mtDNAc (25th percentile), we observed for each 10 μg/m3 increment in recent PM2.5 exposure a lowering in the LF parameter with 9.76% (95% CI: -16.9 to -1.99%, p = 0.02; pint = 0.007). Children with high mtDNAc did not show this association. For PM10 exposure, we observed an inverse association with three HRV indicators in children with low mtDNAc: -2.24% (95% CI: -4.27 to -0.16%; p = 0.04; pint = 0.02) for SDNN, -5.67% (95% CI: -10.5 to -0.59%; p = 0.03; pint = 0.04) for HF and -6.64% (95% CI: -10.7 to -2.38%; p = 0.003; pint = 0.005) for LF. CONCLUSIONS HRV is inversely associated with recent PM air pollution, especially in children with low mtDNAc. Our data revealed that mtDNAc determines susceptibility to adverse autonomic effects of recent PM exposure in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelly D Saenen
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Eline B Provost
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium; Unit Environmental Risk & Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium
| | - Ann Cuypers
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Michal Kicinski
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Nicky Pieters
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Michelle Plusquin
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Karen Vrijens
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Patrick De Boever
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium; Unit Environmental Risk & Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium
| | - Tim S Nawrot
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium; Department of Public Health & Primary Care, Occupational & Environmental Medicine, Leuven, Belgium.
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Momtaz SM, Mehdipour P, Dadvand P, Ehrampoush MH, Ghaneian MT, Lotfi MH, Aliabad AS, Molavi F, Zare Sakhvidi MJ. Environmental and behavioral determinants affecting the association of airway macrophages carbon load with distance to major roads and traffic density. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 217:680-685. [PMID: 30447615 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.11.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Biomarkers are promising indicators to evaluate human exposure to air pollutants and to predict the health outcomes. Area of Airway macrophages that is occupied by Black Carbon could be used as a biomarker of personal long term exposure to traffic related air pollution. Association of airway macrophages carbon load with weighted average distance and environmental and subject-specific behavior are considered in this study. Sputum samples were taken from 160 healthy adult women and airway macrophages carbon load (AMCL) were determined in 93 subjects, which represent a success rate of 62% in sputum induction. Nearest distance of the subjects to major roads and average weighted distance were calculated for each subject. A questionnaire was field according to general and behavioral characteristics of the participants. There was not any significant difference (P-value >0.05) between induced and non-induced subjects. Subjects with indoor kitchen without separation wall, passive smokers and those with longer presence time in high traffic streets showed higher carbon area. Weighted average distance had a better association (β = -0.186, 95%CI: -0.139, -0.230, P-value = 0.00) with AMCL than nearest distance to major roads (β = -0.155, 95%CI: -0.109, -0.201, P-value = 0.19). Association of Weighted average distance with AMCL was interrupted in subjects with a garage connected to house environment, those with IK kitchen, those with a hood above the stove and passive smokers. The findings indicated that more generation and distribution of indoor air pollutants can completely enhance the internal exposure and indoor pollution has the same importance as outdoor pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mojtaba Momtaz
- Environmental Science and Technology Research Center, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Parvin Mehdipour
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Payam Dadvand
- ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), C/Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mohammad Hassan Ehrampoush
- Environmental Science and Technology Research Center, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Taghi Ghaneian
- Environmental Science and Technology Research Center, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hassan Lotfi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | | | - Fereshte Molavi
- Environmental Science and Technology Research Center, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Zare Sakhvidi
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
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Luyts K, Van Den Broucke S, Hemmeryckx B, Poels K, Scheers H, Casas L, Vanoirbeek J, Nemery B, Hoet PHM. Nanoparticles in the lungs of old mice: Pulmonary inflammation and oxidative stress without procoagulant effects. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 644:907-915. [PMID: 30743888 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary exposure to nanoparticles (NPs) has been shown to induce pulmonary as well as cardiovascular toxicity. These effects might be enhanced in elderly subjects as a result of a compromised immunity and/or declined organ functions. To study the adverse in vivo effects of NPs in a model for the elderly, we exposed 18-month-old C75Bl/6 mice to multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) or ZnO NPs by intratracheal instillation once a week during 5 consecutive weeks. Pulmonary and hemostatic toxicity was determined 24 h (T1) and 8 weeks (T2) after the last administration. Both NP types significantly increased the pulmonary macrophages at both time points. The MWCNTs and ZnO NPs also induced a pulmonary influx of neutrophils, which was even larger at T2 compared to T1. All NPs induced only a modest increase of pulmonary IL-1β, IL-6 and KC levels. Both types of NPs also increased blood neutrophils. Red blood cells were not significantly affected. Both NPs significantly increased coagulation factor VIII levels at both time points. Histological analysis revealed the presence of MWCNTs in the alveolar macrophages up to 8 weeks after the last administration and the ZnO NPs induced a pronounced alveolar inflammation. In these 18-month-old mice, NPs caused pulmonary inflammation (without evidence of oxidative stress) accompanied by large increases in coagulation factor VIII up to 8 weeks after the last NP exposure. The persistence of the MWCNTs in the lungs resulted in translocation from the lungs to the left heart and the ZnO NPs induced a fibrosis-like pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrien Luyts
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Occupational and Environmental Toxicology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sofie Van Den Broucke
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Occupational and Environmental Toxicology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bianca Hemmeryckx
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Katrien Poels
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Laboratory for Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hans Scheers
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Occupational and Environmental Toxicology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lidia Casas
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Occupational and Environmental Toxicology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jeroen Vanoirbeek
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Occupational and Environmental Toxicology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Laboratory for Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Benoit Nemery
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Occupational and Environmental Toxicology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter H M Hoet
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Occupational and Environmental Toxicology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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Hamanaka RB, Mutlu GM. Particulate Matter Air Pollution: Effects on the Cardiovascular System. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:680. [PMID: 30505291 PMCID: PMC6250783 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Air pollution is a complex mixture of gaseous and particulate components, each of which has detrimental effects on human health. While the composition of air pollution varies greatly depending on the source, studies from across the world have consistently shown that air pollution is an important modifiable risk factor for significantly increased morbidity and mortality. Moreover, clinical studies have generally shown a greater impact of particulate matter (PM) air pollution on health than the gaseous components. PM has wide-ranging deleterious effects on human health, particularly on the cardiovascular system. Both acute and chronic exposure to PM air pollution is associated with increased risk of death from cardiovascular diseases including ischemic heart disease, heart failure, and ischemic/thrombotic stroke. Particulate matter has also been shown to be an important endocrine disrupter, contributing to the development of metabolic diseases such as obesity and diabetes mellitus, which themselves are risk factors for cardiovascular disease. While the epidemiological evidence for the deleterious effects of PM air pollution on health is increasingly accepted, newer studies are shedding light on the mechanisms by which PM exerts its toxic effects. A greater understanding of how PM exerts toxic effects on human health is required in order to prevent and minimize the deleterious health effects of this ubiquitous environmental hazard. Air pollution is a growing public health problem and mortality due to air pollution is expected to double by 2050. Here, we review the epidemiological evidence for the cardiovascular effects of PM exposure and discuss current understanding about the biological mechanisms, by which PM exerts toxic effects on cardiovascular system to induce cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gökhan M. Mutlu
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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Bai Y, Casas L, Scheers H, Janssen BG, Nemery B, Nawrot TS. Mitochondrial DNA content in blood and carbon load in airway macrophages. A panel study in elderly subjects. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2018; 119:47-53. [PMID: 29933237 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondria are sensitive to air pollutants due to their lack of repair capacity. Changes in mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn) or content is a proxy of mitochondrial damage and has been associated with recent exposure to traffic-derived air pollutants, nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and black carbon (BC). Inhaled BC can be phagocytosed by airway macrophages (AMs), and its amount in AM reflects personal exposure to traffic-related air pollution. OBJECTIVES The present study investigated the relation between the internal marker AM BC and ambient NO2 concentration and examined the associations of mtDNAcn with NO2 and AM BC. METHODS A panel of 20 healthy retired participants (10 couples) living in Belgium underwent repeated assessments of health and air pollution exposure at 11 time points over one year. We increased exposure contrast temporarily by moving participants for 10 days to Milan, Italy (high exposure) and to Vindeln, Sweden (low exposure). Personal exposure to NO2 was measured during 5 consecutive days prior to each assessment time point. The amount of BC was assessed by image analysis in AMs retrieved from induced sputum collected at 7 time points. Blood mtDNAcn was determined by qPCR at each time point. Associations between AM BC and NO2, and of mtDNAcn with NO2 and AM BC were estimated using linear mixed effect models adjusted for covariates and potential confounders. RESULTS Mean concentrations of 5-day average NO2 were higher in Milan (64 μg/m3) and lower in Vindeln (4 μg/m3) than Belgium (26 μg/m3). Each 10 μg/m3 increment in NO2 exposure during the last 5 days was associated with 0.07 μm2 (95% CI: 0.001 to 0.012) increase in median area of AM BC. A 10 μg/m3 increase in NO2 was associated with 3.9% (95% CI: 2.2 to 5.5%) decrease in mtDNAcn. Consistently, each 1 μm2 increment in median area of AM BC was associated with 24.8% (95% CI: 6.8 to 39.3%) decrease in mtDNAcn. CONCLUSION In this quasi-experimental setting involving moving persons to places with high and low ambient air pollution, we found changes in AM BC according to ambient air pollution levels measured during the previous 5 days. Both higher ambient NO2 and the internal lung BC load, paralleled mitochondrial compromises as exemplified by lower mtDNA content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Bai
- Center for Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Lidia Casas
- Center for Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Hans Scheers
- Center for Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bram G Janssen
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Campus Diepenbeek, Agoralaan Gebouw D, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium.
| | - Benoit Nemery
- Center for Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Tim S Nawrot
- Center for Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Campus Diepenbeek, Agoralaan Gebouw D, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium.
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Zhang Z, Chan TC, Guo C, Chang LY, Lin C, Chuang YC, Jiang WK, Ho KF, Tam T, Woo KS, Lau AKH, Lao XQ. Long-term exposure to ambient particulate matter (PM 2.5) is associated with platelet counts in adults. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 240:432-439. [PMID: 29753251 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.04.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prothrombotic effects of particulate matter (PM) may underlie the association of air pollution with increased risks of cardiovascular disease. This study aimed to investigate the association between long-term exposure to PM with an aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5) and platelet counts, a marker of coagulation profiles. METHODS The study participants were from a cohort consisting of 362,396 Taiwanese adults who participated in a standard medical examination program between 2001 and 2014. Platelet counts were measured through Complete Blood Count tests. A satellite-based spatio-temporal model was used to estimate 2-year average ambient PM2.5 concentration at each participant's address. Mixed-effects linear regression models were used to investigate the association between PM2.5 exposure and platelet counts. RESULTS This analysis included 175,959 men with 396,248 observations and 186,437 women with 397,877 observations. Every 10-μg/m3 increment in the 2-year average PM2.5 was associated with increases of 0.42% (95% CI: 0.38%, 0.47%) and 0.49% (95% CI: 0.44%, 0.54%) in platelet counts in men and women, respectively. A series of sensitivity analyses, including an analysis in participants free of cardiometabolic disorders, confirmed the robustness of the observed associations. Baseline data analyses showed that every 10-μg/m3 increment in PM2.5 was associated with higher risk of 17% and 14% of having elevated platelet counts (≥90th percentile) in men and women, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Long-term exposure to PM2.5 appears to be associated with increased platelet counts, indicating potential adverse effects on blood coagulability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilong Zhang
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Ta-Chien Chan
- Research Center for Humanities and Social Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taiwan
| | - Cui Guo
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Ly-Yun Chang
- MJ Health Research Foundation, MJ Group, Taiwan; Institute of Sociology, Academia Sinica, Taiwan
| | - Changqing Lin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong; Division of Environment and Sustainability, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong
| | | | | | - Kin Fai Ho
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Tony Tam
- Department of Sociology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Kam S Woo
- Institute of Future Cities, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Alexis K H Lau
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong; Division of Environment and Sustainability, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong
| | - Xiang Qian Lao
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Shenzhen Research Institute of the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China.
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Abstract
Air pollution has a great impact on health, representing one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Previous experimental and epidemiological studies suggested the role of pollutants as risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. For this reason, international guidelines included specific statements regarding the contribution of particulate matter exposure to increase the risk of these events. In this review, we summarise the main evidence concerning the mechanisms involved in the processes linking air pollutants to the development of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Vidale
- 1 Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit, Sant'Anna Hospital, Italy
| | - Carlo Campana
- 2 Department of Cardiology, Sant'Anna Hospital, Italy
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Wilson SJ, Miller MR, Newby DE. Effects of Diesel Exhaust on Cardiovascular Function and Oxidative Stress. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 28:819-836. [PMID: 28540736 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Air pollution is a major global health concern with particulate matter (PM) being especially associated with increases in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Diesel exhaust emissions are a particularly rich source of the smallest sizes of PM ("fine" and "ultrafine") in urban environments, and it is these particles that are believed to be the most detrimental to cardiovascular health. Recent Advances: Controlled exposure studies to diesel exhaust in animals and man demonstrate alterations in blood pressure, heart rate, vascular tone, endothelial function, myocardial perfusion, thrombosis, atherogenesis, and plaque stability. Oxidative stress has emerged as a highly plausible pathobiological mechanism by which inhalation of diesel exhaust PM leads to multiple facets of cardiovascular dysfunction. CRITICAL ISSUES Diesel exhaust inhalation promotes oxidative stress in several biological compartments that can be directly associated with adverse cardiovascular effects. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Further studies with more sensitive and specific in vivo human markers of oxidative stress are required to determine if targeting oxidative stress pathways involved in the actions of diesel exhaust PM could be of therapeutic value. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 28, 819-836.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon J Wilson
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Mark R Miller
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - David E Newby
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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Bai Y, Bové H, Nawrot TS, Nemery B. Carbon load in airway macrophages as a biomarker of exposure to particulate air pollution; a longitudinal study of an international Panel. Part Fibre Toxicol 2018. [PMID: 29540230 PMCID: PMC5853150 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-018-0250-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Carbon load in airway macrophages (AM) has been proposed as an internal marker to assess long-term exposure to combustion-derived pollutant particles. However, it is not known how this biomarker is affected by changes in exposure. We studied the clearance kinetics of black carbon (BC) in AM, obtained by sputum induction, in a one-year panel study. Methods AM BC was measured 8 times with 6 weeks intervals in healthy young subjects: 15 long-term residents in Leuven, Belgium (BE, mean annual PM10 20–30 μg/m3) and 30 newcomers having arrived recently (< 3 weeks) in Leuven from highly polluted cities (mean annual PM10 > 50 μg/m3) in low and middle-income countries (LMIC, n = 15), or from low to moderately polluted cities in high-income countries (HIC, n = 15). The median and 90th percentile values of AM BC were quantified by image analysis of 25 macrophages per sputum sample; the carbonaceous nature of the black inclusions in AM was verified by Femtosecond Pulsed Laser Microscopy in 30 macrophages. We used a Bayesian hierarchical single-exponential decay model to describe the evolution of AM BC. Results In the LMIC group, the mean (95% credible interval) initial quantity (R0) of median AM BC [1.122 (0.750–1.509) μm2] was higher than in the HIC group [0.387 (0.168–0.613) μm2] and BE group [0.275 (0.147–0.404) μm2]. Median AM BC content decreased in the LMIC group (decay constant 0.013 μm2/day), but remained stable over one year in the other two groups. In the LMIC group, clearance half-lives of 53 (30–99) and 116 (63–231) days, were calculated for median and 90th percentile AM BC, respectively. Conclusions In this real-life study of an international panel of healthy young subjects, we demonstrated that carbon load in airway macrophages obtained by induced sputum reflects past long-term exposure to particulate air pollution. Values of AM BC do not change over one year when exposure remains stable, but AM BC decreases upon moving from high to moderate exposure, with average half-lives of 53 and 116 days depending on the carbon load. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12989-018-0250-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Bai
- Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, O&N 1, box 706, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hannelore Bové
- Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building C, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium.,Center for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tim S Nawrot
- Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, O&N 1, box 706, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.,Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Benoit Nemery
- Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, O&N 1, box 706, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
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Argacha JF, Bourdrel T, van de Borne P. Ecology of the cardiovascular system: A focus on air-related environmental factors. Trends Cardiovasc Med 2018; 28:112-126. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2017.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 07/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Ambient Air Pollution-related Mortality in Dairy Cattle: Does It Corroborate Human Findings? Epidemiology 2018; 27:779-86. [PMID: 27468004 DOI: 10.1097/ede.0000000000000545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite insights for humans, short-term associations of air pollution with mortality to our knowledge have never been studied in animals. We investigated the association between ambient air pollution and risk of mortality in dairy cows and assessed effect modification by season. METHODS We collected ozone (O3), particulate matter (PM10), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentrations at the municipality level for 87,108 dairy cow deaths in Belgium from 2006 to 2009. We combined a case-crossover design with time-varying distributed lag models. RESULTS We found acute and delayed associations between air pollution and dairy cattle mortality during the warm season. The increase in mortality for a 10 μg/m increase in 2-day (lag 0-1) O3 was 1.2% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.3%, 2.1%), and the corresponding estimates for a 10 μg/m increase in same-day (lag 0) PM10 and NO2 were 1.6% (95% CI = 0.0%, 3.1%) and 9.2% (95% CI = 6.3%, 12%), respectively. Compared with the acute increases, the cumulative 26-day (lag 0-25) estimates were considerably larger for O3 (3.0%; 95% CI = 0.2%, 6.0%) and PM10 (3.2%; 95% CI = -0.6%, 7.2%), but not for NO2 (1.4%; 95% CI = -4.9%, 8.2%). In the cold season, we only observed increased mortality risks associated with same-day (lag 0) exposure to NO2 (1.4%; 95% CI = -0.1%, 3.1%) and with 26-day (lag 0-25) exposure to O3 (4.6%; 95% CI = 2.2%, 7.0%). CONCLUSIONS Our study adds to the epidemiologic findings in humans and reinforces the evidence on the plausibility of causal effects. Furthermore, our results indicate that air pollution associations go beyond short-term mortality displacement. (See video abstract at http://links.lww.com/EDE/B105.).
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Emmerechts J, De Vooght V, Haenen S, Loyen S, Van kerckhoven S, Hemmeryckx B, Vanoirbeek JAJ, Hoet PH, Nemery B, Hoylaerts MF. Thrombogenic changes in young and old mice upon subchronic exposure to air pollution in an urban roadside tunnel. Thromb Haemost 2017; 108:756-68. [DOI: 10.1160/th12-03-0161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2012] [Accepted: 07/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
SummaryEpidemiological studies indicate that elderly persons are particularly susceptible to the cardiovascular health complications of air pollution, but pathophysiological mechanisms behind the increased susceptibility remain unclear. Therefore, we investigated how continuous traffic-related air pollution exposure affects haemostasis parameters in young and old mice. Young (10 weeks) and old (20 months) mice were placed in an urban roadside tunnel or in a clean environment for 25 or 26 days and markers of inflammation and endothelial cells or blood platelet activation were measured, respectively. Plasma microvesicles and pro/ anticoagulant factors were analysed, and thrombin generation analysis was performed. Despite elevated macrophage carbon load, tunnel mice showed no overt pulmonary or systemic inflammation, yet manifested reduced pulmonary thrombomudulin expression and elevated endothelial von Willebrand factor (VWF) expression in lung capillaries. In young mice, soluble P-selectin (sP-sel) increased with exposure and correlated with soluble E-selectin and VWF. Baseline plasma factor VIII (FVIII), sP-sel and VWF were higher in old mice, but did not pronouncedly increase further with exposure. Traffic-related air pollution markedly raised red blood cell and blood platelet numbers in young and old mice and procoagulant blood platelet-derived microvesicle numbers in old animals. Changes in coagulation factors and thrombin generation were mild or absent. Hence, continuous traffic-related air pollution did not trigger overt lung inflammation, yet modified pulmonary endothelial cell function and enhanced platelet activity. In old mice, subchronic exposure to polluted air raised platelet numbers, VWF, sP-sel and microvesicles to the highest values presently recorded, collectively substantiating a further elevation of thrombogenicity, already high at old age.
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Esmaeilzadeh F, Bladt S, Beukinga I, Wijns W, Borne PVD, Pradier O, Argacha JF, Wauters A. Pro-thrombotic effect of exercise in a polluted environment: a P-selectin- and CD63-related platelet activation effect. Thromb Haemost 2017; 113:118-24. [DOI: 10.1160/th14-03-0251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
SummaryExposure to diesel exhaust is an important cardiovascular risk factor and may promote atherothrombotic events. Some data suggest that polluted air exposure could affect haemostasis through platelet activation. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of acute exposure to diesel exhaust on platelet activation and platelet function. We tested the hypothesis in a randomised, crossover study in 25 healthy men exposed to ambient and polluted air; 11 of the subjects also performed exercise during exposure sessions. Platelet activation was evaluated by surface expression of CD62P (P-selectin) and CD63 (dense granule glycoprotein) using flow cytometry of labelled platelets. Platelet function was measured using the PFA-100 platelet function analyser and by Multiplate whole blood impedance platelet aggregometry. Acute diesel exhaust exposure had no effect on platelet activation at rest, but exercise in polluted air increased the collagen- induced expression of CD62P and CD63 (both p< 0.05). The increase in the expression of CD62P and CD63 was related to the total amount of PM2.5 inhaled during the exercise sessions (r=+0.58 and +0.60, respectively, both p< 0.05). Platelet aggregation was not impaired after polluted air exposure at rest or during exercise. In conclusion, in healthy subjects, diesel exhaust exposure induces platelet activation as illustrated by a dose-response increase in the release of CD62P and CD63. This platelet priming effect could be a contributor to the triggering of atherothrombotic events related to air pollution exposure.
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Saenen ND, Bové H, Steuwe C, Roeffaers MBJ, Provost EB, Lefebvre W, Vanpoucke C, Ameloot M, Nawrot TS. Children’s Urinary Environmental Carbon Load. A Novel Marker Reflecting Residential Ambient Air Pollution Exposure? Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2017; 196:873-881. [DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201704-0797oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hannelore Bové
- Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis and
| | | | | | | | - Wouter Lefebvre
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research, Mol, Belgium; and
| | | | - Marcel Ameloot
- Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Tim S. Nawrot
- Centre for Environmental Sciences and
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leuven University, Leuven, Belgium
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Kelly FJ, Fussell JC. Role of oxidative stress in cardiovascular disease outcomes following exposure to ambient air pollution. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 110:345-367. [PMID: 28669628 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to ambient air pollution is associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes. These are manifested through several, likely overlapping, pathways including at the functional level, endothelial dysfunction, atherosclerosis, pro-coagulation and alterations in autonomic nervous system balance and blood pressure. At numerous points within each of these pathways, there is potential for cellular oxidative imbalances to occur. The current review examines epidemiological, occupational and controlled exposure studies and research employing healthy and diseased animal models, isolated organs and cell cultures in assessing the importance of the pro-oxidant potential of air pollution in the development of cardiovascular disease outcomes. The collective body of data provides evidence that oxidative stress (OS) is not only central to eliciting specific cardiac endpoints, but is also implicated in modulating the risk of succumbing to cardiovascular disease, sensitivity to ischemia/reperfusion injury and the onset and progression of metabolic disease following ambient pollution exposure. To add to this large research effort conducted to date, further work is required to provide greater insight into areas such as (a) whether an oxidative imbalance triggers and/or worsens the effect and/or is representative of the consequence of disease progression, (b) OS pathways and cardiac outcomes caused by individual pollutants within air pollution mixtures, or as a consequence of inter-pollutant interactions and (c) potential protection provided by nutritional supplements and/or pharmacological agents with antioxidant properties, in susceptible populations residing in polluted urban cities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank J Kelly
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Health Impact of Environmental Hazards, Facility of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK.
| | - Julia C Fussell
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Health Impact of Environmental Hazards, Facility of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK
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Altemose B, Robson MG, Kipen HM, Ohman Strickland P, Meng Q, Gong J, Huang W, Wang G, Rich DQ, Zhu T, Zhang J. Association of air pollution sources and aldehydes with biomarkers of blood coagulation, pulmonary inflammation, and systemic oxidative stress. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2017; 27:244-250. [PMID: 27436693 DOI: 10.1038/jes.2016.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Using data collected before, during, and after the 2008 Summer Olympic Games in Beijing, this study examines associations between biomarkers of blood coagulation (vWF, sCD62P and sCD40L), pulmonary inflammation (EBC pH, EBC nitrite, and eNO), and systemic oxidative stress (urinary 8-OHdG) with sources of air pollution identified utilizing principal component analysis and with concentrations of three aldehydes of health concern. Associations between the biomarkers and the air pollution source types and aldehydes were examined using a linear mixed effects model, regressing through seven lag days and controlling for ambient temperature, relative humidity, gender, and day of week for the biomarker measurements. The biomarkers for pulmonary inflammation, particularly EBC pH and eNO, were most consistently associated with vehicle and industrial combustion, oil combustion, and vegetative burning. The biomarkers for blood coagulation, particularly vWF and sCD62p, were most consistently associated with oil combustion. Systemic oxidative stress biomarker (8-OHdG) was most consistently associated with vehicle and industrial combustion. The associations of the biomarkers were generally not significant or consistent with secondary formation of pollutants and with the aldehydes. The findings support policies to control anthropogenic pollution sources rather than natural soil or road dust from a cardio-respiratory health standpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brent Altemose
- School of Public Health, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Mark G Robson
- School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Howard M Kipen
- Environmental and Occupational Sciences Institute (EOHSI), Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | | | - Qingyu Meng
- School of Public Health, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Jicheng Gong
- Nicholas School of the Environment and Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Global Health Research Center, Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Guangfa Wang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - David Q Rich
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Tong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Junfeng Zhang
- Nicholas School of the Environment and Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Global Health Research Center, Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, Jiangsu, China
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Vrijens K, Winckelmans E, Tsamou M, Baeyens W, De Boever P, Jennen D, de Kok TM, Den Hond E, Lefebvre W, Plusquin M, Reynders H, Schoeters G, Van Larebeke N, Vanpoucke C, Kleinjans J, Nawrot TS. Sex-Specific Associations between Particulate Matter Exposure and Gene Expression in Independent Discovery and Validation Cohorts of Middle-Aged Men and Women. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2017; 125:660-669. [PMID: 27740511 PMCID: PMC5381989 DOI: 10.1289/ehp370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Particulate matter (PM) exposure leads to premature death, mainly due to respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. OBJECTIVES Identification of transcriptomic biomarkers of air pollution exposure and effect in a healthy adult population. METHODS Microarray analyses were performed in 98 healthy volunteers (48 men, 50 women). The expression of eight sex-specific candidate biomarker genes (significantly associated with PM10 in the discovery cohort and with a reported link to air pollution-related disease) was measured with qPCR in an independent validation cohort (75 men, 94 women). Pathway analysis was performed using Gene Set Enrichment Analysis. Average daily PM2.5 and PM10 exposures over 2-years were estimated for each participant's residential address using spatiotemporal interpolation in combination with a dispersion model. RESULTS Average long-term PM10 was 25.9 (± 5.4) and 23.7 (± 2.3) μg/m3 in the discovery and validation cohorts, respectively. In discovery analysis, associations between PM10 and the expression of individual genes differed by sex. In the validation cohort, long-term PM10 was associated with the expression of DNAJB5 and EAPP in men and ARHGAP4 (p = 0.053) in women. AKAP6 and LIMK1 were significantly associated with PM10 in women, although associations differed in direction between the discovery and validation cohorts. Expression of the eight candidate genes in the discovery cohort differentiated between validation cohort participants with high versus low PM10 exposure (area under the receiver operating curve = 0.92; 95% CI: 0.85, 1.00; p = 0.0002 in men, 0.86; 95% CI: 0.76, 0.96; p = 0.004 in women). CONCLUSIONS Expression of the sex-specific candidate genes identified in the discovery population predicted PM10 exposure in an independent cohort of adults from the same area. Confirmation in other populations may further support this as a new approach for exposure assessment, and may contribute to the discovery of molecular mechanisms for PM-induced health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Vrijens
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Ellen Winckelmans
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Maria Tsamou
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Willy Baeyens
- Department of Analytical and Environmental Chemistry, Free University of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Patrick De Boever
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
- Environmental Risk and Health Unit, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium
| | - Danyel Jennen
- Department of Toxicogenomics, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Theo M. de Kok
- Department of Toxicogenomics, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Elly Den Hond
- Environmental Risk and Health Unit, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium
- Provincial Institute for Hygiene, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Wouter Lefebvre
- Environmental Risk and Health Unit, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium
| | - Michelle Plusquin
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Hans Reynders
- Environment, Nature and Energy Department, Flemish Government, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Greet Schoeters
- Environmental Risk and Health Unit, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- University of Southern Denmark, Institute of Public Health, Department of Environmental Medicine, Odense, Denmark
| | - Nicolas Van Larebeke
- Department of Radiotherapy and Nuclear Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Jos Kleinjans
- Department of Toxicogenomics, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Tim S. Nawrot
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leuven University, Leuven, Belgium
- Address correspondence to T.S. Nawrot, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan gebouw D, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium. Telephone: 0032/11-26.83.82. E-mail:
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Hussain S, Ji Z, Taylor AJ, DeGraff LM, George M, Tucker CJ, Chang CH, Li R, Bonner JC, Garantziotis S. Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube Functionalization with High Molecular Weight Hyaluronan Significantly Reduces Pulmonary Injury. ACS NANO 2016; 10:7675-88. [PMID: 27459049 PMCID: PMC5340294 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b03013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Commercialization of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT)-based applications has been hampered by concerns regarding their lung toxicity potential. Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a ubiquitously found polysaccharide, which is anti-inflammatory in its native high molecular weight form. HA-functionalized smart MWCNTs have shown promise as tumor-targeting drug delivery agents and can enhance bone repair and regeneration. However, it is unclear whether HA functionalization could reduce the pulmonary toxicity potential of MWCNTs. Using in vivo and in vitro approaches, we investigated the effectiveness of MWCNT functionalization with HA in increasing nanotube biocompatibility and reducing lung inflammatory and fibrotic effects. We utilized three-dimensional cultures of differentiated primary human bronchial epithelia to translate findings from rodent assays to humans. We found that HA functionalization increased stability and dispersion of MWCNTs and reduced postexposure lung inflammation, fibrosis, and mucus cell metaplasia compared with nonfunctionalized MWCNTs. Cocultures of fully differentiated bronchial epithelial cells (cultivated at air-liquid interface) and human lung fibroblasts (submerged) displayed significant reduction in injury, oxidative stress, as well as pro-inflammatory gene and protein expression after exposure to HA-functionalized MWCNTs compared with MWCNTs alone. In contrast, neither type of nanotubes stimulated cytokine production in primary human alveolar macrophages. In aggregate, our results demonstrate the effectiveness of HA functionalization as a safer design approach to eliminate MWCNT-induced lung injury and suggest that HA functionalization works by reducing MWCNT-induced epithelial injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salik Hussain
- Clinical Research Unit, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS)/National Institute of Health (NIH), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Zhaoxia Ji
- UC Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Alexia J. Taylor
- Toxicology Program, Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Laura M. DeGraff
- Immunity Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Margaret George
- Clinical Research Unit, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS)/National Institute of Health (NIH), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Charles J. Tucker
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Chong Hyun Chang
- UC Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Ruibin Li
- UC Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - James C. Bonner
- Toxicology Program, Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Stavros Garantziotis
- Clinical Research Unit, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS)/National Institute of Health (NIH), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
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Louwies T, Vuegen C, Panis LI, Cox B, Vrijens K, Nawrot TS, De Boever P. miRNA expression profiles and retinal blood vessel calibers are associated with short-term particulate matter air pollution exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2016; 147:24-31. [PMID: 26836502 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 01/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Air pollution, a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, can exert its effects through the microcirculation. Retinal blood vessel width is considered a marker for microvascular health and is associated with short-term PM10 exposure. microRNAs are key regulators of complex biological processes in cardiovascular health and disease and miRNA expression can be affected by air pollution exposure. Studies investigating the effect of ambient air pollution exposure on miRNA expression in combination with an assessment of the microvasculature do not exist. METHODS 50 healthy adults (50% women, 23-58 years old) were examined once a month from December 2014 until April 2015 in Flanders (Belgium). Fundus photos and venous blood samples were collected during the study visits. PM10 data were obtained from a nearby monitoring station. Image analysis was used to calculate the width of retinal blood vessels, represented as the Central Retinal Arteriolar/Venular Equivalent (CRAE/CRVE). Total miRNA was isolated from blood and the expression of miR-21, -146a and, -222 were measured using quantitative real-time PCR. Mixed models were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS Each short-term increase of 10µg/m(3) PM10 during the 24h preceding the study visit was associated with a 0.58µm decrease (95% CI: -1.16, -0.0005; p=0.056) in CRAE, a 0.99µm increase (95% CI: 0.18, 1.80; p=0.021) in CRVE, a 6.6% decrease (95% CI: -11.07, -2.17; p=0.0038) in miR-21 expression and a 6.7% decrease (95% CI: -10.70, -2.75; p=0.0012) in miR-222 expression. Each 10% increase in miR-21 was associated with a 0.14µm increase (95% CI: 0.0060, 0.24; p=0.046) in CRAE whereas a similar increase in miR-222 expression was associated with a 0.28µm decrease (95% CI: -0.50, -0.062; p=0.016) in CRVE. These associations were also found in exposure windows ranging from 2h to 1 week. Finally, we observed that the association between PM10 exposure and CRAE was mediated by miRNA-21 expression. CONCLUSION PM10 exposure was associated with retinal arteriolar narrowing and venular widening. PM10 exposure affected miRNAs that are involved in inflammatory and oxidative stress pathways. We suggest that miRNA changes may be relevant to explain the association between PM10 and retinal vessel calibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tijs Louwies
- Environmental Risk and Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium; Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Caroline Vuegen
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Luc Int Panis
- Environmental Risk and Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium; Transportation Research Institute, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Bianca Cox
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Karen Vrijens
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Tim S Nawrot
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium; Department of Public Health & Primary Care, Leuven University, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Patrick De Boever
- Environmental Risk and Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium; Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium.
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