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Dietrich CG, Geier A. What is the impact of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease on drug transport and metabolism? Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2024; 20:107-110. [PMID: 38412106 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2024.2324015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Andreas Geier
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Wuerzburg (UKW), Würzburg, Germany
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2
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Furusawa S, Nomoto H, Yokoyama H, Suzuki Y, Tsuzuki A, Takahashi K, Miya A, Kameda H, Cho KY, Takeuchi J, Nagai S, Taneda S, Kurihara Y, Nakamura A, Atsumi T. Glycaemic control efficacy of switching from dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors to oral semaglutide in subjects with type 2 diabetes: A multicentre, prospective, randomized, open-label, parallel-group comparison study (SWITCH-SEMA 2 study). Diabetes Obes Metab 2024; 26:961-970. [PMID: 38073422 DOI: 10.1111/dom.15393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
AIM To assess whether oral semaglutide provides better glycaemic control, compared with dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (DPP-4i) continuation, in people with type 2 diabetes. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this multicentre, open-label, prospective, randomized, parallel-group comparison study, participants receiving DPP-4is were either switched to oral semaglutide (3-14 mg/day) or continued on DPP-4is. The primary endpoint was the change in glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) over 24 weeks. Secondary endpoints included changes in metabolic parameters and biomarkers, along with the occurrence of adverse events. Factors associated with HbA1c improvement were also explored. RESULTS In total, 174 eligible participants were enrolled; 17 dropped out of the study. Consequently, 82 participants in the DPP-4i group and 75 participants in the semaglutide group completed the study and were included in the analysis. Improvement in HbA1c at week 24 was significantly greater when switching to semaglutide compared with DPP-4i continuation [-0.65 (95% confidence interval: -0.79, -0.51) vs. +0.05 (95% confidence interval: -0.07, 0.16) (p < .001)]. Body weight, lipid profiles and liver enzymes were significantly improved in the semaglutide group than in the DPP-4i continuation group. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that baseline HbA1c and homeostasis model assessment 2-R were independently associated with HbA1c improvement after switching to semaglutide. Seven participants in the semaglutide group discontinued medication because of gastrointestinal symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Although the potential for gastrointestinal symptoms should be carefully considered, switching from DPP-4is to oral semaglutide may be beneficial for glycaemic control and metabolic abnormalities in people with higher HbA1c and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho Furusawa
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nomoto
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | - Yuka Suzuki
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Tsuzuki
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kiyohiko Takahashi
- Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Hakodate Central General Hospital, Hakodate, Japan
| | - Aika Miya
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiraku Kameda
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kyu Yong Cho
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Jun Takeuchi
- Sapporo Diabetes and Thyroid Clinic, Sapporo, Japan
| | - So Nagai
- Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Sapporo Medical Center, NTT East Corporation, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shinji Taneda
- Diabetes Center, Manda Memorial Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | - Akinobu Nakamura
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Atsumi
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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3
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Li J, Ma M, Li J, Xu L, Song D, Ma P, Fei Q. Visualizing Dipeptidyl Peptidase-IV with an Advanced Non-π-Conjugated Fluorescent Probe for Early Thyroid Disease Diagnosis. Anal Chem 2023; 95:17577-17585. [PMID: 38050673 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c02909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Early detection and effective treatment of thyroid cancer are vital due to the aggressiveness and high mortality rate of the cancer. Nevertheless, the exploration of dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) as a biomarker for thyroid diseases has not been widely conducted. In this study, we developed a novel non-π-conjugated near-infrared fluorescent probe, MB-DPP4, specifically designed to visualize and detect endogenous DPP-IV. Traditional DPP-IV-specific fluorescent probes rely primarily on the intramolecular charge transfer mechanism. For this reason, these probes are often hampered by high background levels that can inhibit their ability to achieve a fluorescence turn-on effect. MB-DPP4 successfully surmounts several drawbacks of traditional DPP-IV probes, boasting unique features such as exceptional selectivity, ultrahigh sensitivity (0.29 ng/mL), innovative structure, low background, and long-wavelength fluorescence. MB-DPP4 is an "off-on" chemosensor that exhibits strong fluorescence at 715 nm and releases a methylene blue (MB) fluorophore upon interacting with DPP-IV, resulting in a visible color change from colorless to blue. Given these remarkable attributes, MB-DPP4 shows great promise as a versatile tool for advancing research on biological processes and for evaluating the physiological roles of DPP-IV in living systems. Finally, we conducted a comprehensive investigation of DPP-IV expression in human serum, urine, thyroid cells, and mouse thyroid tumor models. Our findings could potentially establish a foundation for the early diagnosis and treatment of thyroid diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Li
- College of Chemistry, Jilin Province Research Center for Engineering and Technology of Spectral Analytical Instruments, Jilin University, Qianjin Street 2699, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Mo Ma
- College of Chemistry, Jilin Province Research Center for Engineering and Technology of Spectral Analytical Instruments, Jilin University, Qianjin Street 2699, Changchun 130012, China
- School of Pharmacy, Jilin University, Qianjin Street 2699, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Jingkang Li
- College of Chemistry, Jilin Province Research Center for Engineering and Technology of Spectral Analytical Instruments, Jilin University, Qianjin Street 2699, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Lanlan Xu
- College of Chemistry, Jilin Province Research Center for Engineering and Technology of Spectral Analytical Instruments, Jilin University, Qianjin Street 2699, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Daqian Song
- College of Chemistry, Jilin Province Research Center for Engineering and Technology of Spectral Analytical Instruments, Jilin University, Qianjin Street 2699, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Pinyi Ma
- College of Chemistry, Jilin Province Research Center for Engineering and Technology of Spectral Analytical Instruments, Jilin University, Qianjin Street 2699, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Qiang Fei
- College of Chemistry, Jilin Province Research Center for Engineering and Technology of Spectral Analytical Instruments, Jilin University, Qianjin Street 2699, Changchun 130012, China
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4
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Shinozaki S, Tahara T, Miura K, Lefor AK, Yamamoto H. Effectiveness of One-Year Pemafibrate Therapy on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Refractory to Long-Term Sodium Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitor Therapy: A Pilot Study. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1327. [PMID: 37374110 DOI: 10.3390/life13061327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Both pemafibrate and sodium glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitor can decrease serum transaminase levels in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) complicated with dyslipidemia and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), respectively. However, the effectiveness of combined therapy has been rarely reported. Methods: This is a two-center retrospective observational study. NAFLD patients complicated with T2DM treated with pemafibrate for >1 year were included, in whom prior treatment with SGLT2 inhibitor > 1 year failed to normalize serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels. Hepatic inflammation, function, and fibrosis were assessed by ALT, albumin-bilirubin (ALBI) score, and Mac-2 binding protein glycosylation isomer (M2BPGi) levels, respectively. Results: Seven patients were included. The median duration of prior treatment with SGLT2 inhibitors was 2.3 years. During the one year before starting pemafibrate therapy, the therapy did not significantly change hepatic enzymes. All patients received pemafibrate 0.1 mg twice daily without dose escalations. During one year of pemafibrate therapy, triglyceride, aspartate aminotransferase, ALT, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase, ALBI score, and M2BPGi levels significantly improved (p < 0.05), although weight or hemoglobin A1c did not significantly change. Conclusions: One year of pemafibrate therapy improves markers of hepatic inflammation, function, and fibrosis in NAFLD patients in whom long-term SGLT2 inhibitor therapy failed to normalize serum ALT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Shinozaki
- Shinozaki Medical Clinic, Utsunomiya 321-3223, Japan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi 329-0431, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Tahara
- Saiseikai Utsunomiya Hospital, 911-1 Takebayashi, Utsunomiya 321-0974, Japan
| | - Kouichi Miura
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi 329-0431, Japan
| | - Alan Kawarai Lefor
- Department of Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi 329-0431, Japan
| | - Hironori Yamamoto
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi 329-0431, Japan
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5
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Kelty TJ, Dashek RJ, Arnold WD, Rector RS. Emerging Links between Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Neurodegeneration. Semin Liver Dis 2023; 43:77-88. [PMID: 36764305 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1762585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
The association between liver and brain health has gained attention as biomarkers of liver function have been revealed to predict neurodegeneration. The liver is a central regulator in metabolic homeostasis. However, in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), homeostasis is disrupted which can result in extrahepatic organ pathologies. Emerging literature provides insight into the mechanisms behind the liver-brain health axis. These include the increased production of liver-derived factors that promote insulin resistance and loss of neuroprotective factors under conditions of NAFLD that increase insulin resistance in the central nervous system. In addition, elevated proinflammatory cytokines linked to NAFLD negatively impact the blood-brain barrier and increase neuroinflammation. Furthermore, exacerbated dyslipidemia associated with NAFLD and hepatic dysfunction can promote altered brain bioenergetics and oxidative stress. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the crosstalk between liver and brain as it relates to the pathophysiology between NAFLD and neurodegeneration, with an emphasis on Alzheimer's disease. We also highlight knowledge gaps and future areas for investigation to strengthen the potential link between NAFLD and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor J Kelty
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri - Columbia, Columbia, Missouri
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri - Columbia, Columbia, Missouri
- NextGen Precision Health, University of Missouri - Columbia, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Ryan J Dashek
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri - Columbia, Columbia, Missouri
- NextGen Precision Health, University of Missouri - Columbia, Columbia, Missouri
- Comparative Medicine Program, University of Missouri - Columbia, Columbia, Missouri
| | - W David Arnold
- NextGen Precision Health, University of Missouri - Columbia, Columbia, Missouri
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Missouri - Columbia, Columbia, Missouri
| | - R Scott Rector
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri - Columbia, Columbia, Missouri
- NextGen Precision Health, University of Missouri - Columbia, Columbia, Missouri
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, Missouri
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri - Columbia, Columbia, Missouri
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6
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Alves E, Tonet-Furioso A, Alves V, Moraes C, Pérez D, Bastos I, Córdova C, Nóbrega O. A haplotype in the dipeptidyl peptidase 4 gene impacts glycemic-related traits of Brazilian older adults. Braz J Med Biol Res 2022; 55:e12148. [PMID: 36197412 PMCID: PMC9529043 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x2022e12148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) regulates various physiological pathways and has a pivotal role in glucose homeostasis. The objective of this study was to verify the association of a haplotype constituted by two single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs2268894 and rs6741949) in the DPP4 gene with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and fasting glycemia-related variables in a sample of Brazilian older adults, taking serum levels and enzymatic activity of DPP4 into account. Clinical, biochemical, and anthropometric characteristics as well as DPP4 serum levels and enzymatic activity were determined in 800 elderly (≥60 years old) individuals. Assessment of polymorphic sites was performed by real-time PCR whereas haplotypes were inferred from genotypic frequencies. Statistical analyses compared measures and proportions according to T2DM diagnosis and DPP4 haplotypic groups. The most common haplotype consisted of the T-rs2268894/G-rs6741949 string, which was 20% more frequent among non-diabetics. Considering non-diabetic patients alone, carriers of the T/G haplotype had significantly lower levels of blood glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR index, and DPP4 activity. Among diabetic patients, the T/G haplotype was associated with lower DPP4 levels whereas glycemic scores were not affected by allelic variants. Our results suggested that the genetic architecture of DPP4 affects the glycemic profile and DPP4 serum levels and activity among elderly individuals according to the presence or absence of T2DM, with a possible implication of the T/G haplotype to the risk of T2DM onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- E.S. Alves
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brasil
| | - A.C. Tonet-Furioso
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brasil,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Gerontologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Taguatinga, DF, Brasil
| | - V.P. Alves
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Gerontologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Taguatinga, DF, Brasil
| | - C.F. Moraes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brasil,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Gerontologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Taguatinga, DF, Brasil
| | - D.I.V. Pérez
- Kinesiology School, Physical Activity and Sports Science Master Program, Universidad Santo Tomás, Puerto Mont, Chile
| | - I.M.D. Bastos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brasil
| | - C. Córdova
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brasil
| | - O.T. Nóbrega
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brasil
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7
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Barchetta I, Cimini FA, Dule S, Cavallo MG. Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 (DPP4) as A Novel Adipokine: Role in Metabolism and Fat Homeostasis. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10092306. [PMID: 36140405 PMCID: PMC9496088 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) is a molecule implicated in the regulation of metabolic homeostasis and inflammatory processes, and it exerts its main action through its enzymatic activity. DPP4 represents the enzyme most involved in the catabolism of incretin hormones; thus, its activity impacts appetite, energy balance, and the fine regulation of glucose homeostasis. Indeed, DPP4 inhibitors represent a class of antidiabetic agents widely used for the treatment of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). DPP4 also acts as an adipokine and is mainly secreted by the adipose tissue, mostly from mature adipocytes of the visceral compartment, where it exerts autocrine and paracrine activities. DPP4 can disrupt insulin signaling within the adipocyte and in other target cells and tissues, where it also favors the development of a proinflammatory environment. This is likely at the basis of the presence of elevated circulating DPP4 levels in several metabolic diseases. In this review, we summarize the most recent evidence of the role of the DPP4 as an adipokine-regulating glucose/insulin metabolism and fat homeostasis, with a particular focus on clinical outcomes associated with its increased secretion in the presence of adipose tissue accumulation and dysfunction.
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8
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Tarrant TK, Kelly SJ, Hershfield MS. Elucidating the pathogenesis of adenosine deaminase 2 deficiency: current status and unmet needs. Expert Opin Orphan Drugs 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/21678707.2021.2050367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michael S Hershfield
- Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, US
- Duke University School of Medicine, Medicine and Biochemistry, Durham, US
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9
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Nádasdi Á, Sinkovits G, Bobek I, Lakatos B, Förhécz Z, Prohászka ZZ, Réti M, Arató M, Cseh G, Masszi T, Merkely B, Ferdinandy P, Vályi-Nagy I, Prohászka Z, Firneisz G. Decreased circulating dipeptidyl peptidase-4 enzyme activity is prognostic for severe outcomes in COVID-19 inpatients. Biomark Med 2022; 16:317-330. [PMID: 35195023 PMCID: PMC8961475 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2021-0717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: To investigate the serum circulating DPP4 activity in patients with COVID-19 disease. Materials & methods: Serum samples from 102 hospitalized COVID-19 patients and 43 post-COVID-19 plasma donors and 39 SARS-CoV-2 naive controls and their medical data were used. Circulating DPP4 activities according to different COVID-19 disease peak severity (WHO) groups at sampling and at peak were assessed. Results: A significant decrease (p < 0.0001) in serum DPP4 activity was found in study groups of higher disease severity. When the circulating DPP4 activity was assessed as a prognostic marker, the logistic regression (p = 0.0023) indicated that the enzyme activity is a predictor of mortality (median 9.5 days before death) with receiver operating characteristic area under the curves of 73.33% (p[area = 0.5] < 0.0001) as single predictor and 83.45% (p[area = 0.5] < 0.0001) in combination with age among hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Conclusion: Decreased circulating DPP4 activity is associated with severe COVID-19 disease and is a strong prognostic biomarker of mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - György Sinkovits
- Department of Internal Medicine & Haematology, Research Laboratory, Semmelweis University, Budapest, H-1088, Hungary
| | - Ilona Bobek
- Department of Anaesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Central Hospital of Southern Pest, National Institute of Haematology & Infectious Diseases, Budapest, H-1097, Hungary
| | - Botond Lakatos
- Department of Infectology, Central Hospital of Southern Pest, National Institute of Haematology & Infectious Diseases, Budapest, H-1097, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Förhécz
- Department of Internal Medicine & Haematology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, H-1088, Hungary
| | - Zita Z Prohászka
- Department of Internal Medicine & Haematology, Research Laboratory, Semmelweis University, Budapest, H-1088, Hungary
| | - Marienn Réti
- Department of Haematology & Stem Cell Transplantation, Central Hospital of Southern Pest, National Institute of Haematology & Infectious Diseases, Budapest, H-1097, Hungary
| | | | | | - Tamás Masszi
- Department of Internal Medicine & Haematology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, H-1088, Hungary
| | - Béla Merkely
- Semmelweis University, Budapest, H-1085, Hungary
| | - Péter Ferdinandy
- Department of Pharmacology & Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, H-1089, Hungary.,Semmelweis University, Budapest, H-1085, Hungary
| | - István Vályi-Nagy
- Central Hospital of Southern Pest, National Institute of Haematology & Infectious Diseases, Budapest, H-1097, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Prohászka
- Department of Internal Medicine & Haematology, Research Laboratory, Semmelweis University, Budapest, H-1088, Hungary
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10
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Sharma A, Virmani T, Sharma A, Chhabra V, Kumar G, Pathak K, Alhalmi A. Potential Effect of DPP-4 Inhibitors Towards Hepatic Diseases and Associated Glucose Intolerance. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2022; 15:1845-1864. [PMID: 35733643 PMCID: PMC9208633 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s369712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 (DPP-4) is an enzyme having various properties and physiological roles in lipid accumulation, resistance to anticancer agents, and immune stimulation. DPP-4 includes membrane-bound peptidases and is a kind of enzyme that cleaves alanine or proline-containing peptides such as incretins, chemokines, and appetite-suppressing hormones (neuropeptide) at their N-terminal dipeptides. DPP-4 plays a role in the final breakdown of peptides produced by other endo and exo-peptidases from nutritious proteins and their absorption in these tissues. DPP-4 enzyme activity has different modes of action on glucose metabolism, hunger regulation, gastrointestinal motility, immune system function, inflammation, and pain regulation. According to the literature survey, as DPP-4 levels increase in individuals with liver conditions, up-regulation of hepatic DPP-4 expression is likely to be the cause of glucose intolerance or insulin resistance. This review majorly focuses on the cleavage of alanine or proline-containing peptides such as incretins by the DPP-4 and its resulting conditions like glucose intolerance and cause of DPP-4 level elevation due to some liver conditions. Thus, we have discussed the various effects of DPP-4 on the liver diseases like hepatitis C, non-alcoholic fatty liver, hepatic regeneration and stem cell, hepatocellular carcinoma, and the impact of elevated DPP-4 levels in association with liver diseases as a cause of glucose intolerance and their treatment drug of choices. In addition, the effect of DPP-4 inhibitors on obesity and their negative aspects are also discussed in brief.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwani Sharma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MVN University, Palwal, Haryana, 121105, India
| | - Tarun Virmani
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MVN University, Palwal, Haryana, 121105, India
| | - Anjali Sharma
- Freelancer, Pharmacovigilance Expert, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vaishnavi Chhabra
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MVN University, Palwal, Haryana, 121105, India
| | - Girish Kumar
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MVN University, Palwal, Haryana, 121105, India
| | - Kamla Pathak
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Uttar Pradesh, 206130, India
| | - Abdulsalam Alhalmi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Aden University, Aden, Yemen
- Correspondence: Abdulsalam Alhalmi, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Aden University, Aden, Yemen, Email
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11
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Smati S, Canivet CM, Boursier J, Cariou B. Anti-diabetic drugs and NASH: from current options to promising perspectives. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2021; 30:813-825. [PMID: 34214406 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2021.1951701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Accumulating evidence supports a bidirectional association between nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). There is a clinical challenge to consider pharmaceutical strategies targeting the metabolic dysfunction common to NASH and T2D pathogenesis.Areas covered: By using PubMed, we performed a literature search to review the potential beneficial effect of anti-diabetic and metabolic investigational drugs on NASH.Expert opinion: Since insulin resistance is central in the pathophysiology of both T2D and NASH, there is an urgent need for new insulin sensitizers. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) agonists, especially PPARγ and pan-PPARs agonists, have shown some beneficial effects on both NASH and liver fibrosis, but their routine use should be limited by their safety profile. Incretin-based therapies, including glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) and the polyagonists (GLP-1, GIP, glucagon) under development are the most promising anti-diabetic drugs for NASH treatment, mainly due to their action on body weight loss. Preliminary, preclinical and early phase studies suggest that SGLT2 inhibitors and fibroblast growth factor (FGF)19 and FGF21-based therapies are promising targets for NASH and T2D treatment. The common weakness for all of these drugs is their limited effect on liver fibrosis, potentially due to short-term trial design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarra Smati
- Department of Endocrinology, Université De Nantes, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, L'institut Du Thorax, Nantes, France
| | - Clémence M Canivet
- Hepato-Gastroenterology department, University Hospital, Angers, France.,HIFIH Laboratory, EA 3859, University of Angers, Angers, France
| | - Jérôme Boursier
- Hepato-Gastroenterology department, University Hospital, Angers, France.,HIFIH Laboratory, EA 3859, University of Angers, Angers, France
| | - Bertrand Cariou
- Department of Endocrinology, Université De Nantes, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, L'institut Du Thorax, Nantes, France
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12
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Effects of short-term calorie restriction on circulating DPP-4/sCD26 concentrations and body composition in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetol Int 2021; 12:286-292. [PMID: 34150437 DOI: 10.1007/s13340-020-00485-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4, is released from adipocytes in a differentiation-dependent manner and a marker for insulin resistance in obese individuals who have particularly high circulating DPP-4/soluble CD26 (sCD26) concentrations. In this study, we have evaluated the effects of short-term hospitalization with calorie restriction on body composition and circulating DPP-4/sCD26 concentrations in patients with type 2 diabetes. A total of 47 Japanese adults with type 2 diabetes were recruited to the study (age; 56.6 ± 13.0 years, body mass index (BMI); 27.3 ± 5.6 kg/m2). Body composition, circulating DPP-4/sCD26 concentrations and metabolic parameters were assessed upon admission and at discharge from hospital (average of the period: 13.0 ± 2.5 days). Visceral fat area (VFA) was also assessed by dual impedance method. During hospitalization, there was a significant reduction in body weight, BMI, lean body mass, VFA and circulating DPP-4/sCD26 concentrations, but not in body fat mass. Fasting circulating DPP-4/sCD26 concentrations were significantly correlated with fasting insulin, aspartate aminotransferase, γ-glutamyltransferase (γ-GTP) levels, and HOMA-IR (r = 0.477, 0.423, 0.415, 0.548, respectively), but not with VFA (r = - 0.056) by liner regression analyses at base line. It was also observed a positive correlation between changes in circulating DPP-4/sCD26 concentrations and γ-GTP level, HOMA-IR, and a negative correlation between the changes in circulating DPP-4/sCD26 concentrations and VFA significantly (r = 0.300, 0.633, - 0.343, respectively). In conclusion, our observations suggest that liver enzymes as well as VFA might be associated with the response of DPP-4/sCD26 concentrations.
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Barchetta I, Ceccarelli V, Cimini FA, Barone E, Sentinelli F, Coluzzi M, Chiappetta C, Bertoccini L, Tramutola A, Labbadia G, Di Cristofano C, Silecchia G, Leonetti F, Cavallo MG. Circulating dipeptidyl peptidase-4 is independently associated with the presence and severity of NAFLD/NASH in individuals with and without obesity and metabolic disease. J Endocrinol Invest 2021; 44:979-988. [PMID: 32852705 PMCID: PMC8049937 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-020-01392-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) levels are associated to metabolic and cardiovascular diseases in humans; initial evidence reported a relationship between DPP4 and chronic liver diseases. Aim of this study was to investigate hepatic and systemic DPP4 levels/activity in relation to NAFLD/NASH in individuals with and without metabolic disease. METHODS We recruited fifty-two obese individuals undergoing bariatric surgery and intra-operative liver biopsy at Sapienza University, Rome, Italy. The association between DPP4 levels/activity and NAFLD was also evaluated in 126 non-obese individuals recruited in the same setting. RESULTS NAFLD patients had significantly higher circulating DPP4 activity than no-NAFLD in both the obese and non-obese cohorts; plasma DPP4 activity and levels linearly correlated with steatosis grade and inflammation at the liver biopsy. Hepatic DPP4 mRNA was not associated to either its circulating levels/activity or NAFLD. In the multivariate logistic regression analysis on all the study participants (n = 178), higher circulating DPP4 activity was associated with NAFLD independently of potential confounders with OR (95% CI): 3.5 (1.2-10.21), p = 0.022. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates the coexistence of increased plasma DPP4 levels and activity in NAFLD. Circulating DPP4 measurement may represent a novel cost-effective strategy for NAFLD/NASH risk stratification and a potential tool for monitoring disease's progression in established NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Barchetta
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Flavia A Cimini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Eugenio Barone
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi-Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Sentinelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Mariagrazia Coluzzi
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Bio-Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Caterina Chiappetta
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Bio-Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Bertoccini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Tramutola
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi-Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Labbadia
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Di Cristofano
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Bio-Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Silecchia
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Bio-Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Frida Leonetti
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Bio-Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria G Cavallo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
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Sagara M, Iijima T, Kase M, Kato K, Sakurai S, Tomaru T, Jojima T, Usui I, Aso Y. Serum levels of soluble dipeptidyl peptidase-4 in type 2 diabetes are associated with severity of liver fibrosis evaluated by transient elastography (FibroScan) and the FAST (FibroScan-AST) score, a novel index of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis with significant fibrosis. J Diabetes Complications 2021; 35:107885. [PMID: 33602617 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2021.107885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the relationship in people with type 2 diabetes between serum soluble dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (sDDP-4) and degree of liver fibrosis assessed as the liver stiffness measurement (LSM) and FAST (FibroScan-AST) score, both of which were measured by transient elastography (FibroScan). SUBJECTS AND METHODS In this cross-sectional study, we examined 115 patients with type 2 diabetes. With transient elastography (FibroScan), we assessed the controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) and liver stiffness measurement (LSM) as measures of hepatic steatosis and liver fibrosis, respectively. We calculated the FAST score, which identifies progressive non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), from CAP, LSM, and the serum aspartate aminotransferase level. Significant hepatic steatosis was defined as CAP ≥280 dB/m; and significant liver fibrosis, as LSM ≥ 8.0 kPa. LSM was divided into 3 severity levels: significant fibrosis (8.0 to <9.7 kPa); advanced fibrosis, (9.7 to <13.0 kPa); and liver cirrhosis (≥ 13.0 kPa). RESULTS Serum sDPP-4 correlated positively with liver enzymes, CAP, LSM, and FAST score. Multivariate analysis showed that LSM remained to be an independent factor for serum sDDP-4. Serum sDPP-4 was significantly higher in patients with LSM ≥ 8.0 kPa than in those with LSM <8.0 kPa and was significantly elevated in patients who are at risk for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) with fibrosis (FAST score ≥ 035 or 0.67). Patients with both hepatic steatosis and liver fibrosis had the highest serum sDPP-4. CONCLUSION Serum sDPP-4 was strongly associated with severity of liver fibrosis evaluated by LSM and the FAST score and was markedly elevated in diabetic patients with LSM ≥ 13.0 kPa indicating probable cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaaki Sagara
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan
| | - Toshie Iijima
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan
| | - Masato Kase
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan
| | - Kanako Kato
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan
| | - Shintaro Sakurai
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan
| | - Takuya Tomaru
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan
| | - Teruo Jojima
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan
| | - Isao Usui
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Aso
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan.
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Cariou B, Byrne CD, Loomba R, Sanyal AJ. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease as a metabolic disease in humans: A literature review. Diabetes Obes Metab 2021; 23:1069-1083. [PMID: 33464677 PMCID: PMC8248154 DOI: 10.1111/dom.14322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To conduct a systematic literature review to identify recent epidemiological, biomarker, genetic and clinical evidence that expands our understanding of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) as a metabolic disorder. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed a literature search using PubMed to identify trials, observational studies and meta-analyses published in the past 5 years. RESULTS A total of 95 publications met prespecified inclusion criteria and reported on the interplay between NAFLD/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and metabolic dysfunction, in terms of disease burden and/or epidemiology (n = 10), pathophysiology, risk factors and associated conditions (n = 29), diagnosis and biomarkers (n = 34), and treatment approaches (n = 22). There is a growing body of evidence on the links between NAFLD/NASH pathogenesis and mechanisms of metabolic dysfunction, through liver lipid accumulation, insulin resistance, inflammation, apoptosis, and fibrogenic remodelling within the liver. The frequent co-occurrence of NAFLD with obesity, metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes supports this premise. Therapeutic approaches originally envisaged for type 2 diabetes or obesity (such as glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors, insulin sensitizers and bariatric surgery) have shown promising signs of benefit for patients with NAFLD/NASH. CONCLUSIONS Given the complex interplay between NAFLD and metabolic dysfunction, there is an urgent need for multidisciplinary collaboration and established protocols for care of patients with NAFLD that are individualized and ideally support reduction of overall metabolic risk as well as treatment for NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertrand Cariou
- L'institut du Thorax, Department of EndocrinologyUNIV Nantes, Inserm, CNRS, CHU NantesNantesFrance
| | - Christopher D. Byrne
- Endocrinology and Metabolism, Human Development and Health, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
- Southampton National Institute for Health Research, Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
| | - Rohit Loomba
- NAFLD Research Center, Division of GastroenterologyUniversity of California San DiegoSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Arun J. Sanyal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and NutritionVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVirginiaUSA
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Rohmann N, Schlicht K, Geisler C, Hollstein T, Knappe C, Krause L, Hagen S, Beckmann A, Seoudy AK, Wietzke-Braun P, Hartmann K, Schulte D, Türk K, Beckmann J, von Schönfels W, Hägele FA, Bosy-Westphal A, Franke A, Schreiber S, Laudes M. Circulating sDPP-4 is Increased in Obesity and Insulin Resistance but Is Not Related to Systemic Metabolic Inflammation. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:e592-e601. [PMID: 33084870 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Dipeptidylpeptidase (DPP)-4 is a key regulator of the incretin system. It exists in a membrane-bound form and a soluble form (sDPP-4). Initial human studies suggested sDPP-4 to be an adipokine involved in metabolic inflammation. However, recent mechanistic data in genetically modified mice has questioned these findings. OBJECTIVES We examined circulating sDPP-4 in a cohort of n = 451 humans with different metabolic phenotypes and during 3 different weight loss interventions (n = 101) to further clarify its role in human physiology and metabolic diseases. DESIGN sDPP-4 serum concentrations were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and related to several phenotyping data including gut microbiome analysis. RESULTS sDPP-4 increased with age and body weight and was positively associated with insulin resistance and hypertriglyceridemia but was reduced in manifest type 2 diabetes. In addition, we found reduced serum concentrations of sDPP-4 in subjects with arterial hypertension. In contrast to earlier reports, we did not identify an association with systemic markers of inflammation. Impaired kidney and liver functions significantly altered sDPP-4 concentrations while no relation to biomarkers for heart failure was observed. Having found increased levels of sDPP-4 in obesity, we studied surgical (gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy) and nonsurgical interventions, revealing a significant association of sDPP-4 with improvement of liver function tests but not with changes in body weight. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that sDPP-4 is related to hepatic abnormalities in obesity rather than primarily functioning as an adipokine and that sDPP-4 is implicated both in glucose and in lipid metabolism, but not fundamentally in systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Rohmann
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Medicine 1, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Kristina Schlicht
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Medicine 1, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Corinna Geisler
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Medicine 1, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Tim Hollstein
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Medicine 1, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Carina Knappe
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Medicine 1, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Laura Krause
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Medicine 1, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Stefanie Hagen
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Medicine 1, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Alexia Beckmann
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Medicine 1, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Anna Katharina Seoudy
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Medicine 1, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Perdita Wietzke-Braun
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Medicine 1, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Katharina Hartmann
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Medicine 1, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Dominik Schulte
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Medicine 1, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Kathrin Türk
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Medicine 1, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jan Beckmann
- Department of General, Visceral, Thoracic, Transplantation, and Pediatric Surgery, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Witigo von Schönfels
- Department of General, Visceral, Thoracic, Transplantation, and Pediatric Surgery, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Anja Bosy-Westphal
- Institut of Human Nutrition and Food Science, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Andre Franke
- Institut of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Stefan Schreiber
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Medicine 1, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- Institut of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Matthias Laudes
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Medicine 1, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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Sakai Y, Chen G, Ni Y, Zhuge F, Xu L, Nagata N, Kaneko S, Ota T, Nagashimada M. DPP-4 Inhibition with Anagliptin Reduces Lipotoxicity-Induced Insulin Resistance and Steatohepatitis in Male Mice. Endocrinology 2020; 161:5892311. [PMID: 32790863 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqaa139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Excessive hepatic lipid accumulation drives the innate immune system and aggravates insulin resistance, hepatic inflammation, and fibrogenesis, leading to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) regulates glucose metabolism and is expressed in many different cell types, including the cells of the immune system. In addition, DPP-4 may be involved in macrophage-mediated inflammation and insulin resistance. This study investigated the effects of anagliptin (Ana), an inhibitor of DPP-4, on macrophage polarity and phenotype in the livers of mice with steatohepatitis. We investigated the effects of Ana on steatohepatitis induced via a high-cholesterol high-fat (CL) diet or a choline-deficient L-amino acid-defined, high-fat (CDAHF) diet. DPP-4 activity, liver histology, and insulin sensitivity were evaluated, and liver DPP-4+ macrophages were quantified using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). Liver and plasma DPP-4 activity increased significantly in mice on both diets. FACS revealed that, compared with chow-fed mice, the CL-fed mice exhibited a significant increase in the proportion of DPP-4+ liver macrophages, particularly the M1-type macrophages. Ana decreased hepatic lipid and M1 macrophage accumulation and stimulated M2 macrophage accumulation in the liver, thereby attenuating insulin resistance, steatohepatitis, and fibrosis. Importantly, Ana alleviated hepatic fibrosis and steatohepatitis in mice fed CL diet and CDAHF diet. Using Ana to inhibit DPP-4 reduced lipotoxicity-induced hepatic insulin resistance through regulating the M1/M2 macrophage status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuriko Sakai
- Department of Cell Metabolism and Nutrition, Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Guanliang Chen
- Department of Cell Metabolism and Nutrition, Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yinhua Ni
- Department of Cell Metabolism and Nutrition, Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Fen Zhuge
- Department of Cell Metabolism and Nutrition, Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Liang Xu
- Department of Cell Metabolism and Nutrition, Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Naoto Nagata
- Department of Cell Metabolism and Nutrition, Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Shuichi Kaneko
- Department of Cell Metabolism and Nutrition, Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Tsuguhito Ota
- Department of Cell Metabolism and Nutrition, Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Mayumi Nagashimada
- Department of Cell Metabolism and Nutrition, Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
- Division of Health Sciences, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan
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Chung W, Promrat K, Wands J. Clinical implications, diagnosis, and management of diabetes in patients with chronic liver diseases. World J Hepatol 2020; 12:533-557. [PMID: 33033564 PMCID: PMC7522556 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v12.i9.533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) negatively affects the development and progression of chronic liver diseases (CLD) of various etiologies. Concurrent DM and CLD are also associated with worse clinical outcomes with respect to mortality, the occurrence of hepatic decompensation, and the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Unfortunately, early diagnosis and optimal treatment of DM can be challenging, due to the lack of established clinical guidelines as well as the medical complexity of this patient population. We conducted an exploratory review of relevant literature to provide an up-to-date review for internists and hepatologists caring for this patient population. We reviewed the epidemiological and pathophysiological associations between DM and CLD, the impact of insulin resistance on the progression and manifestations of CLD, the pathogenesis of hepatogenic diabetes, as well as the practical challenges in diagnosis and monitoring of DM in this patient population. We also reviewed the latest clinical evidence on various pharmacological antihyperglycemic therapies with an emphasis on liver disease-related clinical outcomes. Finally, we proposed an algorithm for managing DM in patients with CLD and discussed the clinical and research questions that remain to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waihong Chung
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI 02905, United States.
| | - Kittichai Promrat
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, RI 02908, United States
| | - Jack Wands
- Liver Research Center, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, United States
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Gut-Pancreas-Liver Axis as a Target for Treatment of NAFLD/NASH. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165820. [PMID: 32823659 PMCID: PMC7461212 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represents the most common form of chronic liver disease worldwide. Due to its association with obesity and diabetes and the fall in hepatitis C virus morbidity, cirrhosis in NAFLD is becoming the most frequent indication to liver transplantation, but the pathogenetic mechanisms are still not completely understood. The so-called gut-liver axis has gained enormous interest when data showed that its alteration can lead to NAFLD development and might favor the occurrence of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Moreover, several therapeutic approaches targeting the gut-pancreas-liver axis, e.g., incretins, showed promising results in NASH treatment. In this review, we describe the role of incretin hormones in NAFLD/NASH pathogenesis and treatment and how metagenomic/metabolomic alterations in the gut microbiota can lead to NASH in the presence of gut barrier modifications favoring the passage of bacteria or bacterial products in the portal circulation, i.e., bacterial translocation.
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20
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Johansson L, Hockings PD, Johnsson E, Dronamraju N, Maaske J, Garcia‐Sanchez R, Wilding JPH. Dapagliflozin plus saxagliptin add-on to metformin reduces liver fat and adipose tissue volume in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Obes Metab 2020; 22:1094-1101. [PMID: 32072735 PMCID: PMC7318158 DOI: 10.1111/dom.14004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIM To assess the effects of dapagliflozin plus saxagliptin plus metformin versus glimepiride plus metformin on liver fat (proton density fat fraction) and visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue volumes over 52 weeks of treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a magnetic resonance imaging substudy of a 52-week, multicentre, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group trial that evaluated the efficacy and safety of dapagliflozin 10 mg/day plus saxagliptin 5 mg/day versus titrated glimepiride 1-6 mg (1, 2, 3, 4 or 6 mg) in 82 patients with type 2 diabetes (HbA1c 7.5%-10.5%) on metformin ≥1500 mg/day background. Analyses were exploratory and not controlled for multiplicity; P-values are nominal. RESULTS Magnetic resonance imaging was performed on 59 patients; liver fat and adipose tissue volumes were analysed for 59 and 57 patients, respectively. There was a significant >30% reduction from baseline in liver fat (P = 0.007) and >10% reduction in adipose tissue volumes (P < 0.01) with dapagliflozin plus saxagliptin plus metformin at week 52 versus glimepiride plus metformin. In the full-study population, dapagliflozin plus saxagliptin plus metformin decreased body weight and serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels over 52 weeks. CONCLUSIONS Dapagliflozin plus saxagliptin significantly decreased liver fat and adipose tissue volume versus glimepiride, and reduced serum liver enzyme levels, indicating a favourable metabolic profile of dapagliflozin plus saxagliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes on metformin therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eva Johnsson
- Global Medicines Development, AstraZenecaGothenburgSweden
| | - Nalina Dronamraju
- Global Medicines Development, AstraZenecaGaithersburgMarylandUnited States
| | - Jill Maaske
- Global Medicines Development, AstraZenecaGaithersburgMarylandUnited States
| | | | - John P. H. Wilding
- Obesity and Endocrinology Research Group, Institute of Ageing and Chronic DiseaseUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUnited Kingdom
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Saran AR, Dave S, Zarrinpar A. Circadian Rhythms in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Fatty Liver Disease. Gastroenterology 2020; 158:1948-1966.e1. [PMID: 32061597 PMCID: PMC7279714 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.01.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Circadian clock proteins are endogenous timing mechanisms that control the transcription of hundreds of genes. Their integral role in coordinating metabolism has led to their scrutiny in a number of diseases, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Discoordination between central and peripheral circadian rhythms is a core feature of nearly every genetic, dietary, or environmental model of metabolic syndrome and NAFLD. Restricting feeding to a defined daily interval (time-restricted feeding) can synchronize the central and peripheral circadian rhythms, which in turn can prevent or even treat the metabolic syndrome and hepatic steatosis. Importantly, a number of proteins currently under study as drug targets in NAFLD (sterol regulatory element-binding protein [SREBP], acetyl-CoA carboxylase [ACC], peroxisome proliferator-activator receptors [PPARs], and incretins) are modulated by circadian proteins. Thus, the clock can be used to maximize the benefits and minimize the adverse effects of pharmaceutical agents for NAFLD. The circadian clock itself has the potential for use as a target for the treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand R. Saran
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Shravan Dave
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Amir Zarrinpar
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; Veterans Affairs Health Sciences San Diego, La Jolla, California; Institute of Diabetes and Metabolic Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California.
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Chen L, Zhang X, Zhang L, Zheng D. Effect of Saxagliptin, a Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitor, on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2020; 13:3507-3518. [PMID: 33116702 PMCID: PMC7547785 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s262284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represents a broad spectrum of chronic liver disease characterized by aberrant accumulation of triglycerides (TG) in hepatocytes without excessive alcohol consumption. Hepatic lipotoxicity derived from overaccumulation of free fatty acids is considered as one of the typical hallmarks of NAFLD. Insulin resistance (IR) and chronic inflammation are widely recognized as the key etiological factors associated with NAFLD. Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor (DPP4i) is a novel pharmacological agent extensively applied in the treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) for decades which also have a liver protective effect. METHODS In order to invest the therapeutic efficiency and underlying mechanism of DPP4i saxagliptin, we used high-fat diet (HFD) and streptozotocin-induced NAFLD treated with saxagliptin. Biochemical, histomorphological, genetic and protein expression of related pathways were investigated. RESULTS Fasting blood glucose (FBG), TG, total cholesterol (TC), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterin significantly increased in NAFLD group, which also exhibited severe steatosis. Other remarkable findings were hyperinsulinemia, increased DPP4, PTP-1B and TNF-α level and decreased GLP-1, ACOX-1, CPT-1A expression, concomitant with liver DPP4 expression enhancement and serum DPP4 elevation. These undesirable consequences were alleviated by saxagliptin to a certain degree. CONCLUSION DPP4i saxagliptin improves NAFLD by ameliorating IR, inflammation, downregulation of hepatic DPP4 and sDPP4, as well as subsequent steatosis. The elevation of hepatic DPP4 and sDPP4 and succedent post-treatment decrease suggested that DPP4 may involve in the development of NAFLD. The anti-lipotoxic effect of DPP4i may involve the activation of CPT1A and ACOX1 related β-oxidation signaling pathway suppression of TNF-α mediated inflammatory and PTP-1B. The results covered in this article showed that saxagliptin affects many aspects of the pathological characteristics of NAFLD, suggesting that DPP4i saxagliptin may offer a novel therapeutic option for NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Chen
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiujuan Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dongmei Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Dongmei Zheng Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong Province250021, People’s Republic of ChinaTel + 86 531 68776375 Email
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Kahraman S, Eroglu Altinova A, Elgun S, Yalcin MM, Aktas Yilmaz B, Ozkan C, Akturk M, Balos Toruner F. Serum activities of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 and adenosine deaminase in polycystic ovary syndrome: association with obesity. Gynecol Endocrinol 2019; 35:714-718. [PMID: 30896318 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2019.1581165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) plays a role in metabolic and inflammatory diseases. Increased adenosine deaminase (ADA) has been suggested to induce insulin resistance and inflammation. We measured serum DPP-4 and ADA activities. Serum ADA activity was significantly higher in PCOS group (p = .006), whereas there was no difference in serum DPP-4 activity between the groups (p > .05). When the study subjects were divided into four groups in terms of obesity; an increasing trend in serum ADA activity between the groups was observed and ADA activity was significantly higher in overweight and obese patients with PCOS than nonobese controls (p = .016), there were no significant differences between the other groups (p > .05). A positive correlation was found between ADA and BMI in the whole group (p = .022). Multivariate regression analyses revealed that significant determinants were diastolic blood pressure, ADA, and the presence of PCOS for DPP-4 (R2 = 0.344, F = 9.079, p < .001); the presence of PCOS and DPP-4 for ADA (R2 = 0.123, F = 6.302, p = .003). We demonstrated increased serum ADA activity as well as its association with obesity in PCOS, while there was no change in serum DPP-4 activity in women with PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seda Kahraman
- a Department of Internal Medicine , Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Alev Eroglu Altinova
- b Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism , Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Serenay Elgun
- c Department of Medical Biochemistry , Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Mehmet Muhittin Yalcin
- b Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism , Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Banu Aktas Yilmaz
- b Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism , Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Cigdem Ozkan
- b Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism , Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Mujde Akturk
- b Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism , Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Fusun Balos Toruner
- b Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism , Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University , Ankara , Turkey
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Aso Y, Kato K, Sakurai S, Kishi H, Shimizu M, Jojima T, Iijima T, Maejima Y, Shimomura K, Usui I. Impact of dapagliflozin, an SGLT2 inhibitor, on serum levels of soluble dipeptidyl peptidase-4 in patients with type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Int J Clin Pract 2019; 73:e13335. [PMID: 30810254 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.13335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Soluble dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (sDPP-4) is secreted by hepatocytes and induces adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance. Sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors can improve hepatic steatosis by inhibiting hepatic de novo lipogenesis. We investigated the effects of dapagliflozin (an SGLT2 inhibitor) on serum levels of sDPP-4 in patients with type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). METHODS Fifty-seven patients with type 2 diabetes and NAFLD were randomized to a dapagliflozin group (5 mg/d for 24 weeks) (n = 33) or the control group (n = 24). Serum levels of sDPP-4 were measured with a commercial ELISA kit. Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) areas were measured by dual bioelectrical impedance analysis. RESULTS In a total of 57 patients, baseline serum sDPP-4 was positively correlated with aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT) and HOMA-IR Both VAT and SAT areas decreased significantly in the dapagliflozin group alone. Liver enzymes were decreased at 24 weeks in the dapagliflozin group, but were unchanged in the control group. Although both groups showed significant reduction of serum sDPP-4 after 24 weeks of treatment, the magnitude of decrease was significantly larger in the dapagliflozin group. Changes in liver enzymes during treatment with dapagliflozin were positively correlated with the change in serum sDPP-4, but not with changes in VAT volume or HbA1c. CONCLUSIONS Improvement of liver dysfunction after treatment with dapagliflozin was associated with a decrease in serum sDPP-4, suggesting that reduction of serum sDPP-4 by SGLT2 inhibitors may be a therapeutic strategy for NAFLD/NASH in patients with type 2 diabetes that is independent of glucose lowering or weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshimasa Aso
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Kanako Kato
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Shintaro Sakurai
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Haruka Kishi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Masanori Shimizu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Teruo Jojima
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Toshie Iijima
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Yuko Maejima
- Department of Pharmacology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Kenju Shimomura
- Department of Pharmacology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Isao Usui
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu, Tochigi, Japan
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Sarkar J, Nargis T, Tantia O, Ghosh S, Chakrabarti P. Increased Plasma Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 (DPP4) Activity Is an Obesity-Independent Parameter for Glycemic Deregulation in Type 2 Diabetes Patients. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:505. [PMID: 31402899 PMCID: PMC6670725 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Increase in circulating dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) activity and levels has been reported to associate both with hyperglycemia and obesity. Here we aim to decipher the role of enhanced plasma DPP4 activity in obese type 2 diabetes (T2DM) patients. Materials and methods: Plasma DPP4 levels and activity were measured in obese and non-obese newly diagnosed T2DM patients (n = 123). Visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue DPP4 expression and activity were determined in 43 obese subjects (T2DM = 21 and non-T2DM = 22). 20 subjects undergoing Mini-Gastric Bypass (MGB) surgery were followed up over 4-6 weeks for plasma DPP4. Results: Plasma DPP4 levels and activity both were increased in T2DM patients compared to control group. However, DPP4 levels and not DPP4 activity were increased in obese T2DM patients compared to non-obese T2DM (62.49 ± 26.27 μg/ml vs. 48.4 ± 30.98 μg/ml, respectively, p = 0.028). DPP4 activity in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) from obese T2DM and obese non-T2DM groups were similar (5.05 ± 3.96 nmol/min/ml vs. 5.83 ± 4.13 nmol/min/ml respectively, p = 0.548) in spite of having increased DPP4 expression in the obese T2DM group. Moreover, in obese patients, plasma DPP4 levels and activity did not show any significant change after weight reduction and glycemic control following MGB surgery. Conclusion: Enhanced plasma DPP4 activity in T2DM occurs independently of obesity. Thus, adipose derived DPP4 may not be playing any significant role in glycemic deregulation in obese T2DM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jit Sarkar
- Division of Cell Biology and Physiology, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR), Kolkata, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, India
- Community Health Program, SWANIRVAR, North 24 Parganas, India
| | - Titli Nargis
- Division of Cell Biology and Physiology, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR), Kolkata, India
| | - Om Tantia
- Department of Minimal Access & Bariatric Surgery, ILS Hospitals, Kolkata, India
| | - Sujoy Ghosh
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, India
| | - Partha Chakrabarti
- Division of Cell Biology and Physiology, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR), Kolkata, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, India
- *Correspondence: Partha Chakrabarti
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Deacon CF. Physiology and Pharmacology of DPP-4 in Glucose Homeostasis and the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:80. [PMID: 30828317 PMCID: PMC6384237 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4), also known as the T-cell antigen CD26, is a multi-functional protein which, besides its catalytic activity, also functions as a binding protein and a ligand for a variety of extracellular molecules. It is an integral membrane protein expressed on cells throughout the body, but is also shed from the membrane and circulates as a soluble protein in the plasma. A large number of bioactive molecules can be cleaved by DPP-4 in vitro, but only a few of these have been demonstrated to be physiological substrates. One of these is the incretin hormone, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), which plays an important role in the maintenance of normal glucose homeostasis, and DPP-4 has been shown to be the key enzyme regulating its biological activity. This pathway has been targeted pharmacologically through the development of DPP-4 inhibitors, and these are now a successful class of anti-hyperglycaemic agents used to treat type 2 diabetes (T2DM). DPP-4 may additionally influence metabolic control via its proteolytic effect on other regulatory peptides, but it has also been reported to affect insulin sensitivity, potentially mediated through its non-enzymatic interactions with other membrane proteins. Given that altered expression and activity of DPP-4 are associated with increasing body mass index and hyperglycaemia, DPP-4 has been proposed to play a role in linking obesity and the pathogenesis of T2DM by functioning as a local mediator of inflammation and insulin resistance in adipose and hepatic tissue. As well as these broader systemic effects, it has also been suggested that DPP-4 may be able to modulate β-cell function as part of a paracrine system involving GLP-1 produced locally within the pancreatic islets. However, while it is evident that DPP-4 has the potential to influence glycaemic control, its overall significance for the normal physiological regulation of glucose homeostasis in humans and its role in the pathogenesis of metabolic disease remain to be established.
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Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibition protects the liver of insulin-resistant female rats against triglyceride accumulation by suppressing uric acid. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 110:869-877. [PMID: 30557836 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibition has been shown to exert beneficial effects against insulin resistance (IR) and type 2 diabetes. Combined oral contraceptive (COC) treatment is associated with impaired glucose and lipid metabolism but the mechanisms are elusive. We therefore, hypothesized that DPP-4 inhibition ameliorates COC-induced glucose dysregulation and hepatic triglyceride (TG) accumulation through adenosine deaminase (ADA) /xanthine oxidase (XO) /uric acid-dependent pathway. Female Wistar rats received (po) vehicle and COC (1.0 μg ethinylestradiol plus 5.0 μg levonorgestrel; po) with or without DPP-4 inhibitor (sitagliptin; 100 mg/kg; po) for 8 weeks (n = 6/group). Glucose dysmetabolism was assessed by elevated fasting blood glucose, impaired oral glucose tolerance test and homeostatic model assessment of IR. Treatment with COC led to increased plasma fasting glucose, triglyceride-glucose index, 1-h postload glucose response, insulin, free fatty acid, IR and impaired glucose tolerance. COC treatment also resulted in increased plasma and hepatic TG, TG/HDL-cholesterol ratio, malondialdehyde, uric acid (plasma; 25.2 ± 0.6 mg/dl; hepatic 128.9 ± 8.0 mg/100 mg tissue), lactate dehydrogenase, DPP-4, ADA and XO (plasma;10.5 ± 1.1 U/L; hepatic 21.2 ± 1.4 U/g protein) activities. Likewise, COC led to reduction in nitric oxide level. However, DPP-4 inhibition significantly ameliorated these alterations induced by COC treatment through suppression of uric acid (plasma; 15.1 ± 1.0 mg/dl, hepatic; 75.6 ± 5.0 mg/100 mg tissue), XO (plasma; 4.1 ± 0.9 U/L, hepatic; 8.7 ± 0.4 U/g protein), ADA and DPP-4 activities suggesting their involvement in glucose dysregulation and hepatic TG accumulation induced by COC treatment. Therefore, DPP-4 inhibition would impact positively on cardiometabolic disorders, at least in part, through XO, ADA and uric acid suppression.
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28
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Hamed AE, Elsahar M, Elwan NM, El-Nakeep S, Naguib M, Soliman HH, Ahmed Aboubakr A, AbdelMaqsod A, Sedrak H, Assaad SN, Elwakil R, Esmat G, Salh S, Mostafa T, Mogawer S, Sadek SE, Saber MM, Ezelarab H, Mahmoud AA, Sultan S, El Kassas M, Kamal E, ElSayed NM, Moussa S. Managing diabetes and liver disease association. Arab J Gastroenterol 2018; 19:166-179. [PMID: 30420265 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajg.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
There is strong association between liver diseases and diabetes (DM) which is higher than expected by a chance association of two very common disorders. It can be classified into three categories: Liver disease related to diabetes, hepatogenous diabetes (HD), and liver disease occurring coincidentally with DM. The criteria for the diagnosis of diabetes associating liver disease are the same for primary diabetes. Two hours post glucose load is a better screening test for HD. HbA1c may not be suitable for diagnosis or monitoring of diabetes associating advanced liver disease. Apart from the increased cardiovascular risk in patients with type 2 DM (T2 DM) and NAFLD, the cardiovascular and retinopathy risk is low in HD. Patients with metabolic derangement should be screened for NAFLD which in turn may predict T2 DM development. Similarly, patients with established T2 DM should also be screened for NAFLD which further contributes to diabetes worsening. Diabetes is a significant risk factor for progression of the chronic liver disease. It is associated with poor patient survival. Treatment of diabetes associating liver disease appears beneficial. Metformin, if tolerated and not contraindicated, is recommended as a first-line therapy for patients with diabetes and chronic liver disease (CLD). If the hepatic disease is severe, insulin secretagogues should be avoided because of the increased risk of hypoglycaemia. Pioglitazone may be useful in patients with fatty liver disease. DPP-4 inhibitors showed effectiveness and safety for the treatment of T2 DM in CLD patients up to those with child B stage. GLP-1 receptor agonists and SGLT-2 inhibitors exhibit positive effects on weight and are associated with minimal risk of hypoglycaemia. Insulin must be used with caution, as hypoglycaemia may be a problem. Insulin analogues are preferred in the context of hypoglycaemia Statins can be used to treat dyslipidaemia in NAFLD, also the use of angiotensin II receptor antagonist for hypertension is safe and beneficial Given the clear association between diabetes mellitus and hepatocellular carcinoma, the strict control of glycaemia with insulin sensitizers can be essential in its prevention. The addition of DM to the currently used scores (Child-Pugh and MELD scores) may enhance the sensitivity and the specificity for prediction of morbidity and mortality rates in cirrhotic patients. In the new era of directly acting antiviral agents (DAAs) for HCV treatment, it is recommended to follow up lipid profile and blood sugar levels following SVR in order to adjust doses of medications used in diabetic (SVR is associated with reduction in insulin requirements) and dyslipidaemic patients (rebound increase in the lipid profile after clearing the virus may increase risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD)). The issues of post liver transplant diabetes and relation between DM and chronic HBV are highlighted. This narrative review and Consensus-based practice guidance (under revision and criticism) are based on a formal review and analysis of the recently published world literature on the topic (Medline search up to September 2017); and the experience of the authors and independent reviewers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abd Elkhalek Hamed
- The Egyptian Association for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Disease (EASLGD), Egypt; Department of Internal Medicine, Hepatology, and Diabetes, Egyptian Military Medical Academy, Egypt.
| | - Medhat Elsahar
- The Egyptian Association for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Disease (EASLGD), Egypt; Police Medical Academy, Egypt
| | | | | | | | | | - Ashraf Ahmed Aboubakr
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hepatology, and Diabetes, Egyptian Military Medical Academy, Egypt
| | | | | | | | - Reda Elwakil
- The Egyptian Association for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Disease (EASLGD), Egypt; Ain Shams University, Egypt
| | - Gamal Esmat
- The Egyptian Association for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Disease (EASLGD), Egypt; Kasr Al Aini, Egypt
| | - Samira Salh
- Department of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Egypt
| | | | | | - Sameh Emil Sadek
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hepatology, and Diabetes, Egyptian Military Medical Academy, Egypt
| | - Maha M Saber
- Department of Clinical Nutrition National Research Centre, Egypt
| | - Hanan Ezelarab
- Department of Clinical Nutrition National Research Centre, Egypt
| | - Asem Ashraf Mahmoud
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hepatology, and Diabetes, Egyptian Military Medical Academy, Egypt
| | | | | | - Ehab Kamal
- Medical Department, National Research Centre, Egypt
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Sodium acetate improves disrupted glucoregulation and hepatic triglyceride content in insulin-resistant female rats: involvement of adenosine deaminase and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 activities. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2018; 392:103-116. [PMID: 30280312 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-018-1569-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Combined oral contraceptive (COC) treatment has been shown to be associated with glucose deregulation and increased triglyceride levels, but the mechanisms are elusive. Soluble dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (sDPP-4) and adenosine deaminase (ADA) are involved in the initiation and/or progression of cardiometabolic disorders. We therefore, hypothesized that increased DPP-4 and ADA activities are involved in glucose deregulation and hepatic triglyceride accumulation induced by COC treatment. This study also investigated whether short-chain fatty acid, acetate, would protect against COC-induced dysmetabolic effects. Female Wistar rats received (p.o.) vehicle and COC (1.0 μg ethinylestradiol plus 5.0 μg levonorgestrel) with or without sodium acetate (ACE; 200 mg) for 8 weeks. Treatment with COC led to increased plasma triglyceride-glucose index, 1-h postload glucose response, insulin, free fatty acid, insulin resistance, and impaired glucose tolerance. COC treatment also resulted in increased plasma and hepatic triglycerides (TG), TG/HDL-cholesterol ratio, malondialdehyde, uric acid, lactate dehydrogenase, DPP-4, ADA, and xanthine oxidase (XO) activities. On the other hand, COC led to reduction in nitric oxide level. However, ACE significantly ameliorated the alterations induced by COC treatment, but XO activity remains elevated during COC treatment. This result also demonstrates that increased DPP-4 and ADA activities are at least in part involved in glucose deregulation and hepatic TG accumulation induced by COC treatment. Therefore, sodium acetate would impact positively on cardiometabolic disorders, at least in part, by inhibition of DPP-4 and ADA activities.
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30
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Saxagliptin regulates M1/M2 macrophage polarization via CaMKKβ/AMPK pathway to attenuate NAFLD. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 503:1618-1624. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.07.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Silva TE, Ronsoni MF, Schiavon LL. Challenges in diagnosing and monitoring diabetes in patients with chronic liver diseases. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2018; 12:431-440. [PMID: 29279271 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2017.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence and mortality of diabetes mellitus and liver disease have risen in recent years. The liver plays an important role in glucose homeostasis, and various chronic liver diseases have a negative effect on glucose metabolism with the consequent emergence of diabetes. Some aspects related to chronic liver disease can affect diagnostic tools and the monitoring of diabetes and other glucose metabolism disorders, and clinicians must be aware of these limitations in their daily practice. In cirrhotic patients, fasting glucose may be normal in up until 23% of diabetes cases, and glycated hemoglobin provides falsely low results, especially in advanced cirrhosis. Similarly, the performance of alternative glucose monitoring tests, such as fructosamine, glycated albumin and 1,5-anhydroglucitol, also appears to be suboptimal in chronic liver disease. This review will examine the association between changes in glucose metabolism and various liver diseases as well as the particularities associated with the diagnosis and monitoring of diabetes in liver disease patients. Alternatives to routinely recommended tests will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Telma E Silva
- Division of Gastroenterology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário Reitor João David Ferreira Lima, Trindade Florianópolis, SC, 88040-970, Brazil.
| | - Marcelo F Ronsoni
- Division of Endocrinology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário Reitor João David Ferreira Lima, Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-970, Brazil
| | - Leonardo L Schiavon
- Division of Gastroenterology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário Reitor João David Ferreira Lima, Trindade Florianópolis, SC, 88040-970, Brazil
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Alam S, Ghosh J, Mustafa G, Kamal M, Ahmad N. Effect of sitagliptin on hepatic histological activity and fibrosis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis patients: a 1-year randomized control trial. Hepat Med 2018; 10:23-31. [PMID: 29740221 PMCID: PMC5931194 DOI: 10.2147/hmer.s158053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/purpose Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) expression is directly associated with hepatic lipogenesis and liver injury in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). This study has been designed to elucidate the histological improvement of NASH with the DPP-4 inhibitor sitagliptin. Materials and methods In this open-label randomized control trial, paired liver biopsy was taken from 40 NASH patients. Sitagliptin 100 mg was given once daily to the SL group and no sitagliptin was given to the L group for 1 year. Patients from both groups were encouraged to exercise moderately and advised to avoid saturated fat, excessive sugar, soft drinks, fast food, and refined carbohydrates to reduce weight. Results Steatosis improved in the SL group (from 2.3±0.6 to 1.2±0.8; P=0.000) and the L group (from 2.1±0.6 to 1.6±0.9; P=0.008), ballooning decreased from 1.8±0.6 to 1.3±06 (P=0.002) in the SL group, but not in the L group. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease activity score (NAS) attenuated in both groups: the SL group (from 5.8±0.9 to 3.9±1.4; P=0.000) and the L group (from 5.3±0.6 to 4.6±1.2; P=0.009). NAS improvement was much higher in the SL group (1.9±1.4) than in the L group (0.7±1.1) (P=0.006), with NAS improving by ≥2 in 13 patients from the SL group and five patients from the L group (P=0.01). Improvement was irrespective of diabetes. Regression analysis explored that sitagliptin had odds of 6.38 and weight reduction had odds of 4.51 for NAS reduction. Conclusion Sitagliptin 100 mg once daily for 1 year ameliorates NAS by improving steatosis and ballooning, irrespective of diabetes. Sitagliptin has stronger efficacy than that of weight reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mohammad Kamal
- Department of Pathology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Koh G. Association between Serum Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Concentration and Obesity-Related Factors in Health Screen Examinees (J Obes Metab Syndr 2017;26:188-96). J Obes Metab Syndr 2018; 27:71-72. [PMID: 31089543 PMCID: PMC6489484 DOI: 10.7570/jomes.2018.27.1.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gwanpyo Koh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Korea
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Liu T, Ning J, Wang B, Dong B, Li S, Tian X, Yu Z, Peng Y, Wang C, Zhao X, Huo X, Sun C, Cui J, Feng L, Ma X. Activatable Near-Infrared Fluorescent Probe for Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV and Its Bioimaging Applications in Living Cells and Animals. Anal Chem 2018; 90:3965-3973. [PMID: 29493228 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b04957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Visualization of endogenous disease-associated enzymes is of great clinical significance, as it could allow earlier clinical diagnosis and timely intervention. Herein, we first synthesized and characterized an enzyme-activatable near-infrared fluorescent probe, GP-DM, for determining the activity of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV), which is associated with various pathological processes, especially in diabetes and malignant tumors. GP-DM emitted significant turn-on NIR fluorescent signals simultaneously in response to DPP IV, making it favorable for accurately and dynamically monitoring DPP IV activity in vitro and in vivo. GP-DM exhibited excellent specificity and sensitivity in DPP IV imaging, as indicated by its higher catalytic activity than other human serine hydrolases and by its strong anti-interference ability to a complex biological matrix, which was fully characterized in a series of phenotyping reactions and inhibition assays. Encouraged by the advantages mentioned above, we successfully used GP-DM to evaluate endogenous DPP IV activity in various biological samples (plasma and tissue preparations) and living tumor cells and performed real-time in vivo bioimaging of DPP IV in zebrafish and tumor-bearing nude mice. All of the results reflected and highlighted the potential application value of GP-DM in the early detection of pathologies, individual tailoring of drug therapy, and image-guided tumor resection. Furthermore, our results revealed that DPP IV, a key target enzyme, is closely associated with the migration and proliferation of cancer cells and regulating the biological activity of DPP IV may be a useful approach for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Academy of Integrative Medicine , Dalian Medical University , Lvshun South Road No 9 , Dalian 116044 , China.,State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024 , China
| | - Jing Ning
- College of Pharmacy, Academy of Integrative Medicine , Dalian Medical University , Lvshun South Road No 9 , Dalian 116044 , China
| | - Bo Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Academy of Integrative Medicine , Dalian Medical University , Lvshun South Road No 9 , Dalian 116044 , China
| | - Bin Dong
- School of Physics and Materials Engineering , Dalian Nationalities University , 18 Liaohe West Road , Dalian 116600 , China
| | - Song Li
- College of Pharmacy, Academy of Integrative Medicine , Dalian Medical University , Lvshun South Road No 9 , Dalian 116044 , China
| | - Xiangge Tian
- College of Pharmacy, Academy of Integrative Medicine , Dalian Medical University , Lvshun South Road No 9 , Dalian 116044 , China
| | - Zhenlong Yu
- College of Pharmacy, Academy of Integrative Medicine , Dalian Medical University , Lvshun South Road No 9 , Dalian 116044 , China
| | - Yulin Peng
- College of Pharmacy, Academy of Integrative Medicine , Dalian Medical University , Lvshun South Road No 9 , Dalian 116044 , China
| | - Chao Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Academy of Integrative Medicine , Dalian Medical University , Lvshun South Road No 9 , Dalian 116044 , China
| | - Xinyu Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Academy of Integrative Medicine , Dalian Medical University , Lvshun South Road No 9 , Dalian 116044 , China
| | - Xiaokui Huo
- College of Pharmacy, Academy of Integrative Medicine , Dalian Medical University , Lvshun South Road No 9 , Dalian 116044 , China
| | - Chengpeng Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Academy of Integrative Medicine , Dalian Medical University , Lvshun South Road No 9 , Dalian 116044 , China
| | - Jingnan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024 , China
| | - Lei Feng
- College of Pharmacy, Academy of Integrative Medicine , Dalian Medical University , Lvshun South Road No 9 , Dalian 116044 , China.,State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024 , China
| | - Xiaochi Ma
- College of Pharmacy, Academy of Integrative Medicine , Dalian Medical University , Lvshun South Road No 9 , Dalian 116044 , China
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Qin CJ, Zhao LH, Zhou X, Zhang HL, Wen W, Tang L, Zeng M, Wang MD, Fu GB, Huang S, Huang WJ, Yang Y, Bao ZJ, Zhou WP, Wang HY, Yan HX. Inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase IV prevents high fat diet-induced liver cancer angiogenesis by downregulating chemokine ligand 2. Cancer Lett 2018; 420:26-37. [PMID: 29409972 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.01.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2017] [Revised: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a major risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and is typically accompanied by higher levels of serum dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4). However, the role of DPP4 in obesity-promoted HCC is unclear. Here, we found that consumption of a high-fat diet (HFD) promoted HCC cell proliferation and metastasis and led to poor survival in a carcinogen-induced model of HCC in rats. Notably, genetic ablation of DPP4 or treatment with a DPP4 inhibitor (vildagliptin) prevented HFD-induced HCC. Moreover, HFD-induced DPP4 activity facilitated angiogenesis and cancer cell metastasis in vitro and in vivo, and vildagliptin prevented tumor progression by mediating the pro-angiogenic role of chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2). Loss of DPP4 effectively reversed HFD-induced CCL2 production and angiogenesis, indicating that the DPP4/CCL2/angiogenesis cascade had key roles in HFD-associated HCC progression. Furthermore, concomitant changes in serum DPP4 and CCL2 were observed in 210 patients with HCC, and high serum DPP4 activity was associated with poor clinical prognosis. These results revealed a link between obesity-related high serum DPP4 activity and HCC progression. Inhibition of DPP4 may represent a novel therapeutic intervention for patients with HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Jie Qin
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Easten Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China; National Center for Liver Cancer Research, Shanghai 201805, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Ling-Hao Zhao
- National Center for Liver Cancer Research, Shanghai 201805, China; The Third Department of Easten Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xu Zhou
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Easten Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China; National Center for Liver Cancer Research, Shanghai 201805, China
| | - Hui-Lu Zhang
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Wen Wen
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Easten Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China; National Center for Liver Cancer Research, Shanghai 201805, China
| | - Liang Tang
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Easten Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China; National Center for Liver Cancer Research, Shanghai 201805, China
| | - Min Zeng
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Easten Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China; National Center for Liver Cancer Research, Shanghai 201805, China
| | - Ming-Da Wang
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Easten Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China; National Center for Liver Cancer Research, Shanghai 201805, China
| | - Gong-Bo Fu
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Easten Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China; National Center for Liver Cancer Research, Shanghai 201805, China
| | - Shuai Huang
- Department of Tumor Minimally Invasive Surgery, Reiji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Wei-Jian Huang
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Easten Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China; National Center for Liver Cancer Research, Shanghai 201805, China
| | - Yuan Yang
- The Third Department of Easten Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Zhi-Jun Bao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Wei-Ping Zhou
- National Center for Liver Cancer Research, Shanghai 201805, China; The Third Department of Easten Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Hong-Yang Wang
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Easten Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China; National Center for Liver Cancer Research, Shanghai 201805, China.
| | - He-Xin Yan
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Easten Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China; National Center for Liver Cancer Research, Shanghai 201805, China.
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Seghieri M, Christensen AS, Andersen A, Solini A, Knop FK, Vilsbøll T. Future Perspectives on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and GLP-1/glucagon Receptor Co-agonists in the Treatment of NAFLD. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:649. [PMID: 30459715 PMCID: PMC6232120 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Along the obesity pandemic, the prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), often regarded as the hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome, increases worldwide representing now the prevalent liver disease in western countries. No pharmacotherapy is approved for the treatment of NAFLD and, currently, the cornerstone treatment is lifestyle modifications focusing on bodyweight loss, notoriously difficult to obtain and even more difficult to maintain. Thus, novel therapeutic approaches are highly demanded. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) are approved for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and obesity. They exert their body weight-lowering effect by reducing satiety and food intake. GLP-1RAs have also been shown to reduce liver inflammation and fibrosis. Furthermore, glucagon receptor agonism is being investigated for the treatment of NAFLD due to its appetite and food intake-reducing effects, as well as its ability to increase lipid oxidation and thermogenesis. Recent studies suggest that glucagon receptor signaling is disrupted in NAFLD, indicating that supra-physiological glucagon receptor agonism might represent a new NAFLD treatment target. The present review provides (1) an overview in the pathophysiology of NAFLD, including the potential involvement of GLP-1 and glucagon, (2) an introduction to the currently available GLP-1RAs and (3) outlines the potential of emerging GLP-1RAs and GLP-1/glucagon receptor co-agonists in the treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Seghieri
- Clinical Metabolic Physiology, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alexander S. Christensen
- Clinical Metabolic Physiology, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas Andersen
- Clinical Metabolic Physiology, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anna Solini
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular and Critical Area Pathology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Filip K. Knop
- Clinical Metabolic Physiology, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tina Vilsbøll
- Clinical Metabolic Physiology, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- *Correspondence: Tina Vilsbøll
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Kosi-Trebotic L, Thomas A, Harreiter J, Chmelik M, Trattnig S, Kautzky-Willer A. Gliptin therapy reduces hepatic and myocardial fat in type 2 diabetic patients. Eur J Clin Invest 2017; 47:829-838. [PMID: 28815568 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased hepatic fat and cardiac fat are common in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and are associated with a greater risk of liver fibrosis and cardiovascular (CV) events. Sex-specific differences of dipeptidyl peptidase-four (DPP-4) inhibitor effects on hepatic (HCL) and myocardial fat content (MYCL) have not yet been evaluated. METHOD Forty-one T2DM patients (20 male, 21 female) received a gliptin add-on therapy if HbA1c goals were not reached under metformin monotherapy. They underwent cardiac and liver magnetic resonance tomography and spectroscopy before and 6 months after therapy initiation. Plasma samples were analysed for the growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15), a novel marker for cardiovascular risk. RESULTS Thirty-eight patients on gliptin therapy completed the study. We observed a positive correlation between MYCL and HCL before therapy (R = 0·41, P = 0·05). After 6 months of therapy, we noticed a significant weight reduction in women only (P = 0·02) whereas waist circumference decreased similarly in both sexes. HbA1c sunk significantly in both sexes (P = 0·002). HCL decreased significantly (P = 0·0004), with women featuring higher basal HCL (P < 0·05). MYCL decreased in women only (P = 0·01) and GDF-15 comparably in both sexes (P < 0·05). CONCLUSIONS 6 months of DPP-4-therapy led to a significant overall decrease in HCL and body weight such as a reduction of MYCL only in women. This preliminary data set could implicate that gliptin may be a feasible therapy option in fatty liver patients with diabetes potentially including positive effects on cardiovascular function particularly in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lana Kosi-Trebotic
- Gender Medicine Unit, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anita Thomas
- Gender Medicine Unit, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jürgen Harreiter
- Gender Medicine Unit, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marek Chmelik
- Department of Radiodiagnostics, Centre of Excellence, High-Field MR, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Siegfried Trattnig
- Department of Radiodiagnostics, Centre of Excellence, High-Field MR, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexandra Kautzky-Willer
- Gender Medicine Unit, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Baumeier C, Schlüter L, Saussenthaler S, Laeger T, Rödiger M, Alaze SA, Fritsche L, Häring HU, Stefan N, Fritsche A, Schwenk RW, Schürmann A. Elevated hepatic DPP4 activity promotes insulin resistance and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Mol Metab 2017; 6:1254-1263. [PMID: 29031724 PMCID: PMC5641684 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2017.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Increased hepatic expression of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) is associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Whether this is causative for the development of NAFLD is not yet clarified. Here we investigate the effect of hepatic DPP4 overexpression on the development of liver steatosis in a mouse model of diet-induced obesity. METHODS Plasma DPP4 activity of subjects with or without NAFLD was analyzed. Wild-type (WT) and liver-specific Dpp4 transgenic mice (Dpp4-Liv-Tg) were fed a high-fat diet and characterized for body weight, body composition, hepatic fat content and insulin sensitivity. In vitro experiments on HepG2 cells and primary mouse hepatocytes were conducted to validate cell autonomous effects of DPP4 on lipid storage and insulin sensitivity. RESULTS Subjects suffering from insulin resistance and NAFLD show an increased plasma DPP4 activity when compared to healthy controls. Analysis of Dpp4-Liv-Tg mice revealed elevated systemic DPP4 activity and diminished active GLP-1 levels. They furthermore show increased body weight, fat mass, adipose tissue inflammation, hepatic steatosis, liver damage and hypercholesterolemia. These effects were accompanied by increased expression of PPARγ and CD36 as well as severe insulin resistance in the liver. In agreement, treatment of HepG2 cells and primary hepatocytes with physiological concentrations of DPP4 resulted in impaired insulin sensitivity independent of lipid content. CONCLUSIONS Our results give evidence that elevated expression of DPP4 in the liver promotes NAFLD and insulin resistance. This is linked to reduced levels of active GLP-1, but also to auto- and paracrine effects of DPP4 on hepatic insulin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Baumeier
- German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Department of Experimental Diabetology, Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Luisa Schlüter
- German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Department of Experimental Diabetology, Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Germany
| | - Sophie Saussenthaler
- German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Department of Experimental Diabetology, Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Laeger
- German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Department of Experimental Diabetology, Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Maria Rödiger
- German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Department of Experimental Diabetology, Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Stella Amelie Alaze
- German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Department of Experimental Diabetology, Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Germany
| | - Louise Fritsche
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Institute of Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Hans-Ulrich Häring
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Institute of Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Norbert Stefan
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Institute of Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Fritsche
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Institute of Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Robert Wolfgang Schwenk
- German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Department of Experimental Diabetology, Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Annette Schürmann
- German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Department of Experimental Diabetology, Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany.
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Singh S, Osna NA, Kharbanda KK. Treatment options for alcoholic and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A review. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:6549-6570. [PMID: 29085205 PMCID: PMC5643281 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i36.6549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are serious health problems worldwide. These two diseases have similar pathological spectra, ranging from simple steatosis to hepatitis to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Although most people with excessive alcohol or calorie intake display abnormal fat accumulation in the liver (simple steatosis), a small percentage develops progressive liver disease. Despite extensive research on understanding the pathophysiology of both these diseases there are still no targeted therapies available. The treatment for ALD remains as it was 50 years ago: abstinence, nutritional support and corticosteroids (or pentoxifylline as an alternative if steroids are contraindicated). As for NAFLD, the treatment modality is mainly directed toward weight loss and co-morbidity management. Therefore, new pathophysiology directed therapies are urgently needed. However, the involvement of several inter-related pathways in the pathogenesis of these diseases suggests that a single therapeutic agent is unlikely to be an effective treatment strategy. Hence, a combination therapy towards multiple targets would eventually be required. In this review, we delineate the treatment options in ALD and NAFLD, including various new targeted therapies that are currently under investigation. We hope that soon we will be having an effective multi-therapeutic regimen for each disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukhpreet Singh
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, United States
| | - Natalia A Osna
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, United States
| | - Kusum K Kharbanda
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, United States
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Zhou H, Shi T, Yan J, Chen X, Liao L, Zhao S, Fang H, Zhuang R. Effects of activated carbon N-acetylcysteine sustained-release microcapsule on dipeptidyl peptidase IV expression in young rats with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:4737-4744. [PMID: 29201174 PMCID: PMC5704329 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.5128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in children has become the most common liver disease influencing adolescent health and one of the most influencing chronic liver diseases among children in Chinese wealthy families, particularly in coastal regions. However, the medicine available for the treatment of NAFLD is deficient. In order to solve this problem, our team studied the activated carbon N-acetylcysteine (NAC) sustained-release microcapsule, which improves the oxidation resistance, bioavailability and drug stability of acetylcysteine and reduces toxic and side effects. In addition, it accords with the characteristics of medication in infants and children. The present study mainly discusses whether the activated carbon NAC sustained-release microcapsule has effects on dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV) activity and protein in young rats with NAFLD, and whether it has the effect of an DPPIV inhibitor, hoping to provide new thoughts and methods with respect of basic studies on young rats with NAFLD/non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongping Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Children's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Tingting Shi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Preparation, The Xixi Hospital of Hangzhou Affiliated to Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310023, P.R. China
| | - Jun Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Children's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojin Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Children's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Li Liao
- Department of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Children's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Shiyong Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Children's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Hongying Fang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Preparation, The Xixi Hospital of Hangzhou Affiliated to Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310023, P.R. China
| | - Rangxiao Zhuang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Preparation, The Xixi Hospital of Hangzhou Affiliated to Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310023, P.R. China
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Lee JY, Jang BK, Song MK, Kim HS, Kim MK. Association between Serum Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Concentration and Obesity-related Factors in Health Screen Examinees. J Obes Metab Syndr 2017; 26:188-196. [PMID: 31089516 PMCID: PMC6484912 DOI: 10.7570/jomes.2017.26.3.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) is an aminopeptidase that inhibits the enzymatic degradation of glucagon-like peptide-1, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptides, neuropeptides, and various chemokines. Recent studies reported that serum DPP-4 concentration is correlated with clinical parameters of obesity. However, research on these correlations has never been conducted in Korea. Therefore, we investigated the relationship between serum DPP-4 concentration and various clinical parameters of obesity in the Korean population. Methods Patients who visited the Health Promotion Center at Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center for a regular medical examination between January 2013 and March 2013 and consented to participate in this study were included. We measured and analyzed parameters of obesity. In addition, serum DPP-4 concentration was determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. Results Serum DPP-4 concentration was positively correlated with lean body mass, total cholesterol level, and creatinine level. Serum DPP-4 concentration was higher in the obese group than in the normal body mass index (BMI) group. No significant difference in serum DPP-4 concentration was found between the metabolically healthy group and metabolically unhealthy group. Conclusion Serum DPP-4 concentration was higher in the obesity group than in the normal BMI group, which was associated with obesity-related factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Yeon Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Byoung Kuk Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea.,Institute for Cancer Research, Keimyung University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Min Kyung Song
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Graduate School, Keimyung University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Hye Soon Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Mi-Kyung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
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Zheng T, Chen B, Yang L, Hu X, Zhang X, Liu H, Qin L. Association of plasma dipeptidyl peptidase-4 activity with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in nondiabetic Chinese population. Metabolism 2017. [PMID: 28637594 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2017.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is attributed to a "multi-hits hypothesis" involving insulin resistance, oxidative stress and inflammation. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) was identified as a novel adipokine capable of enhancing the"multi-hits". Hence, we investigated the association between plasma DPP4 activity and NAFLD in nondiabetic Chinese population. DESIGN AND METHODS We performed a cross-sectional study using data from 1105 subjects (36-79years) in Guilin between 2015 and 2016. Plasma DPP4 activity, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), oxidative stress parameters, and inflammatory markers were measured in all participants. NAFLD and its severity were diagnosed by ultrasound after the exclusion of alcohol abuse and other liver diseases. RESULTS Participants in the highest quartile of DPP4 activity had higher HOMA-IR, nitrotyrosine, 8-iso-PGF2a, interleukin-6, CRP, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and γ-glutamyltransferase compared with those in the lowest quartile (all P<0.05). Plasma DPP4 activity gradually increased across the groups according to the ultrasonographic severity of steatosis (P<0.001 for the trend). In the highest DPP4 quartile, NAFLD risk was higher (odds ratio 1.88; 95% CI 1.04-3.37) than in the lowest quartile after adjustment for confounders. The risk for NAFLD increased more with higher levels of DPP4 activity, HOMA-IR, nitrotyrosine, 8-iso-PGF2a, interleukin-6 and CRP. CONCLUSIONS Plasma DPP4 activity is significantly associated with NAFLD. The underlying mechanisms may be partly attributed to the interactions between insulin resistance, oxidative stress, inflammation, and DPP4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianpeng Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, PR China; Center of Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, PR China.
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of Human Anatomy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Liuxue Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Xueping Hu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Xiaoxi Zhang
- Center of Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Hongbo Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Linyuan Qin
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
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Li JW, Chen YD, Chen WR, You Q, Li B, Zhou H, Zhang Y, Han TW. Prognostic value of plasma DPP4 activity in ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2017; 16:72. [PMID: 28587613 PMCID: PMC5461628 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-017-0553-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) regulates blood glucose levels and inflammation, and it is also implicated in the pathophysiological process of myocardial infarction (MI). Plasma DPP4 activity (DPP4a) may provide prognostic information regarding outcomes for ST-segment elevation MI (STEMI) patients. Methods Blood samples were obtained from 625 consecutively admitted, percutaneous coronary intervention-treated STEMI patients with a mean age of 57 years old. DPP4a was quantified using enzymatic assays. Results The median follow-up period was 30 months. Multivariate Cox-regression analyses (adjusted for confounding variables) showed that a 1 U/L increase of DPP4a did not associate with risks of major adverse cardiac or cerebrovascular events (MACCE), cardiovascular mortality, MI, heart failure readmission, stroke, non-cardiovascular mortality and repeated revascularization. However, in a subset of 149 diabetic STEMI patients, DPP4a associated with an increased risk of MACCE (HR 1.16; 95% CI 1.04–1.30; p = 0.01). Conclusions DPP4a did not associate with cardiovascular events and non-cardiovascular mortality in non-diabetic STEMI patients. However, DPP4a may be associated with future MACCE in diabetic STEMI patients. Trial registration NCT03046576, registered on 5 February, 2017, retrospectively registered Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12933-017-0553-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Wei Li
- Department of Cardiology, People's Liberation Army General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Wukesong, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China.,Department of Cardiology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yun-Dai Chen
- Department of Cardiology, People's Liberation Army General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Wukesong, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China.
| | - Wei-Ren Chen
- Department of Cardiology, People's Liberation Army General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Wukesong, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Qi You
- Department of Cardiology, People's Liberation Army General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Wukesong, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Cardiology, People's Liberation Army General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Wukesong, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Hao Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, People's Liberation Army General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Wukesong, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, People's Liberation Army General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Wukesong, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Tian-Wen Han
- Department of Cardiology, People's Liberation Army General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Wukesong, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China
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Firneisz G, Zóka A. Elevation of serum dipeptidyl peptidase-4 activity in type 1 diabetes: Potential explanations and implications. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2017; 127:291-292. [PMID: 27616644 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2016.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 07/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Firneisz
- Hungarian Academy of Sciences - Semmelweis University, Molecular Medicine Research Group, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - András Zóka
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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Gómez-Cardona EE, Hernández-Domínguez EE, Velarde-Salcedo AJ, Pacheco AB, Diaz-Gois A, De León-Rodríguez A, Barba de la Rosa AP. 2D-DIGE as a strategy to identify serum biomarkers in Mexican patients with Type-2 diabetes with different body mass index. Sci Rep 2017; 7:46536. [PMID: 28425473 PMCID: PMC5397846 DOI: 10.1038/srep46536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and type 2 diabetes(T2D) are the most prevalent and serious metabolic diseases affecting people worldwide. However racial and ethnic disparities seems to be a risk factor for their development. Mexico has been named as one of the largest populations with the highest prevalence of diabetes and obesity. The aim of this study was to identify novel T2D-associated proteins in Mexican patients. Blood samples were collected from 62 Mexican patients with T2D and they were grouped according to their body mass index(BMI). A panel of 10 diabetes and obesity serum markers was determined using MAGPIX. A comparative proteomics study was performed using two-dimensional difference in-gel electrophoresis(2D-DIGE) followed by mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS). We detected 113 spots differentially accumulated, in which 64 unique proteins were identified, proteins that were involved in metabolism pathways, molecular transport, and cellular signalling. Four proteins(14-3-3, ApoH, ZAG, and OTO3) showing diabetes-related variation and also changes in relation to obesity were selected for further validation by western blotting. Our results reveal new diabetes related proteins present in the Mexican population. These could provide additional insight into the understanding of diabetes development in Mexican population and may also be useful candidate biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik E Gómez-Cardona
- IPICyT, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica A.C. Camino a la Presa San Jose No. 2055, Lomas 4a sección, San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, 78216, Mexico
| | - Eric E Hernández-Domínguez
- IPICyT, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica A.C. Camino a la Presa San Jose No. 2055, Lomas 4a sección, San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, 78216, Mexico
| | - Aída J Velarde-Salcedo
- IPICyT, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica A.C. Camino a la Presa San Jose No. 2055, Lomas 4a sección, San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, 78216, Mexico
| | - Alberto-Barrera- Pacheco
- IPICyT, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica A.C. Camino a la Presa San Jose No. 2055, Lomas 4a sección, San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, 78216, Mexico
| | - Agustín Diaz-Gois
- Juridiscción Sanitaria No. 1, Centros de Salud San Luis Potosi, San Luis Potosi, Mexico
| | - Antonio De León-Rodríguez
- IPICyT, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica A.C. Camino a la Presa San Jose No. 2055, Lomas 4a sección, San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, 78216, Mexico.,Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EH, UK
| | - Ana P Barba de la Rosa
- IPICyT, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica A.C. Camino a la Presa San Jose No. 2055, Lomas 4a sección, San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, 78216, Mexico
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Zou LW, Wang P, Qian XK, Feng L, Yu Y, Wang DD, Jin Q, Hou J, Liu ZH, Ge GB, Yang L. A highly specific ratiometric two-photon fluorescent probe to detect dipeptidyl peptidase IV in plasma and living systems. Biosens Bioelectron 2017; 90:283-289. [PMID: 27923191 PMCID: PMC7127234 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.11.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a highly specific ratiometric two-photon fluorescent probe GP-BAN was developed and well-characterized to monitor dipeptidyl peptidase IV in plasma and living systems. GP-BAN was designed on the basis of the catalytic properties and substrate preference of DPP-IV, and it could be readily hydrolyzed upon addition of DPP-IV under physiological conditions. Both reaction phenotyping and inhibition assays demonstrated that GP-BAN displayed good reactivity and high selectivity towards DPP-IV over other human serine hydrolases including FAP, DPP-VIII, and DPP-IX. The probe was successfully used to monitor the real activities of DPP-IV in complex biological systems including diluted plasma, while it could be used for high throughput screening of DPP-IV inhibitors by using human plasma or tissue preparations as enzyme sources. As a two-photon fluorescent probe, GP-BAN was also successfully used for two-photon imaging of endogenous DPP-IV in living cells and tissues, and showed high ratiometric imaging resolution and deep-tissue penetration ability. Taken together, a ratiometric two-photon fluorescent probe GP-BAN was developed and well-characterized for highly selective and sensitive detection of DPP-IV in complex biological systems, which could serve as a promising imaging tool to explore the biological functions and physiological roles of this key enzyme in living systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Wei Zou
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xing-Kai Qian
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Lei Feng
- Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Dan-Dan Wang
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Qiang Jin
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Jie Hou
- Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Zhi-Hong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Guang-Bo Ge
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Ling Yang
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Dietrich CG, Rau M, Jahn D, Geier A. Changes in drug transport and metabolism and their clinical implications in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2017; 13:625-640. [PMID: 28359183 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2017.1314461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The incidence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is rising, especially in Western countries. Drug treatment in patients with NAFLD is common since it is linked to other conditions like diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular disease. Consequently, changes in drug metabolism may have serious clinical implications. Areas covered: A literature search for studies in animal models or patients with obesity, fatty liver, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) or NASH cirrhosis published before November 2016 was performed. After discussing epidemiology and animal models for NAFLD, we summarized both basic as well as clinical studies investigating changes in drug transport and metabolism in NAFLD. Important drug groups were assessed separately with emphasis on clinical implications for drug treatment in patients with NAFLD. Expert opinion: Given the frequency of NAFLD even today, a high degree of drug treatment in NAFLD patients appears safe and well-tolerated despite considerable changes in hepatic uptake, distribution, metabolism and transport of drugs in these patients. NASH causes changes in biliary excretion, systemic concentrations, and renal handling of drugs leading to alterations in drug efficacy or toxicity under specific circumstances. Future clinical drug studies should focus on this special patient population in order to avoid serious adverse events in NAFLD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph G Dietrich
- a Bethlehem Center of Health , Department of Medicine , Stolberg/Rhineland , Germany
| | - Monika Rau
- b Division of Hepatology, Department of Medicine II , University of Würzburg , Würzburg , Germany
| | - Daniel Jahn
- b Division of Hepatology, Department of Medicine II , University of Würzburg , Würzburg , Germany
| | - Andreas Geier
- b Division of Hepatology, Department of Medicine II , University of Würzburg , Würzburg , Germany
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Tsai MT, Chen YJ, Chen CY, Tsai MH, Han CL, Chen YJ, Mersmann HJ, Ding ST. Identification of Potential Plasma Biomarkers for Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease by Integrating Transcriptomics and Proteomics in Laying Hens. J Nutr 2017; 147:293-303. [DOI: 10.3945/jn.116.240358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Tsz Tsai
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jen Chen
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yi Chen
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Mong-Hsun Tsai
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Li Han
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei City, Taiwan
- Master Program for Clinical Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoproteomics, School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ju Chen
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Harry J Mersmann
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Torng Ding
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan
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Joy TR, McKenzie CA, Tirona RG, Summers K, Seney S, Chakrabarti S, Malhotra N, Beaton MD. Sitagliptin in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: A randomized, placebo-controlled trial. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:141-150. [PMID: 28104990 PMCID: PMC5221278 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i1.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the effect of sitagliptin vs placebo on histologic and non-histologic parameters of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH).
METHODS Twelve patients with biopsy-proven NASH were randomized to sitagliptin (100 mg daily) (n = 6) or placebo (n = 6) for 24 wk. The primary outcome was improvement in liver fibrosis after 24 wk. Secondary outcomes included evaluation of changes in NAFLD activity score (NAS), individual components of NAS (hepatocyte ballooning, lobular inflammation, and steatosis), glycemic control and insulin resistance [including measurements of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C) and adipocytokines], lipid profile including free fatty acids, adipose distribution measured using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and thrombosis markers (platelet aggregation and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 levels). We also sought to determine the correlation between changes in hepatic fat fraction (%) [as measured using the Iterative Decomposition of water and fat with Echo Asymmetry and Least-squares estimation (IDEAL) MRI technique] and changes in hepatic steatosis on liver biopsy.
RESULTS Sitagliptin was not significantly better than placebo at reducing liver fibrosis score as measured on liver biopsy (mean difference between sitagliptin and placebo arms, 0.40, P = 0.82). There were no significant improvements evident with the use of sitagliptin vs placebo for the secondary histologic outcomes of NAS total score as well as for the individual components of NAS. Compared to baseline, those patients who received sitagliptin demonstrated improved HbA1C (6.7% ± 0.4% vs 7.9% ± 1.0%, P = 0.02), and trended towards improved adiponectin levels (4.7 ± 3.5 μg/mL vs 3.9 ± 2.7 μg/mL, P = 0.06) and triglyceride levels (1.26 ± 0.43 mmol/L vs 2.80 ± 1.64 mmol/L, P = 0.08). However, when compared with placebo, sitagliptin did not cause a statistically significant improvement in HbA1C (mean difference, -0.7%, P = 0.19) nor triglyceride levels (mean difference -1.10 mmol/L, P = 0.19) but did trend towards improved adiponectin levels only (mean difference, 0.60 μg/mL, P = 0.095). No significant changes in anthropometrics, liver enzymes, other adipocytokines, lipid profile, thrombosis parameters, or adipose distribution were demonstrated. The MRI IDEAL procedure correlated well with steatosis scores obtained on liver biopsy in both groups at baseline and post-treatment, and the Spearman correlation coefficients ranged from r = 0.819 (baseline) to r = 0.878 (post-treatment), P = 0.002.
CONCLUSION Sitagliptin does not improve fibrosis score or NAS after 24 wk of therapy. The MRI IDEAL technique may be useful for non-invasive measurement of hepatic steatosis.
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Valerio CM, de Almeida JS, Moreira RO, Aguiar LBS, Siciliano PO, Carvalho DP, Godoy-Matos AF. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 levels are increased and partially related to body fat distribution in patients with familial partial lipodystrophy type 2. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2017; 9:26. [PMID: 28450900 PMCID: PMC5404683 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-017-0226-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DDP4) is an enzyme responsible for glucagon-like peptide-1 inactivation and plays an important role in glucose metabolism. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate DPP4 levels in patients with familial partial lipodystrophy type 2 (FPLD2) and correlate it with body fat distribution. METHODS Fourteen patients with FPLD2 were selected to participate in this study and matched to a healthy control group (n = 8). All participants had anthropometrical data registered. Body adiposity index (BAI) was used to evaluate fat distribution in this population. Body fat content and distribution were analyzed by dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Biochemical exams, including DPP4 levels, were performed in all individuals. RESULTS Despite the same body mass index, lipodystrophic patients had a significant lower hip (median 92.0 vs 94.5; p = 0.028), HDL cholesterol (42.6 ± 10.4 vs 66.1 ± 16.0; p < 0.01) and BAI (24.1 ± 2.8 vs 29.0 ± 3.7; p = 0.02), suggesting that BAI was able to catch differences in fat distribution between groups. On the other hand, patients with FPLD2 presented significant higher levels of insulin (median 11.2 vs 5.3; p = 0.015), triglycerides (184.9 ± 75.4 vs 89.1 ± 51.0; p < 0.01) and DPP4 (4.89 ± 0.92 vs 3.93 ± 1.08; p = 0.04). A trend toward an inverse statistical significance was observed between DPP4 levels and BAI (r = -0.38; p = 0.072). In the lipodistrophic group, a significant correlation was found between DPP4 levels and percentage of total body fat (r = 0.86; p = 0.0025) and android fat (r = 0.78; p = 0.014). CONCLUSIONS Patients with FPLD2 exhibit an increase in DDP4 levels in comparison to a healthy control group. The increase in the levels of this enzyme does not seem to be related to the diagnosis of diabetes and might be associated with an increase in central fat (estimated using BAI and measured using DXA). These results might be used to reinforce the concept that DDP4 is an adipokine related to central fat distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Melissa Valerio
- Metabolism Unit, Instituto Estadual de Diabetes e Endocrinologia (IEDE), Rua Moncorvo Filho 90, Rio de Janeiro, RJ CEP 20211-340 Brazil
| | - Juliana Severo de Almeida
- Metabolism Unit, Instituto Estadual de Diabetes e Endocrinologia (IEDE), Rua Moncorvo Filho 90, Rio de Janeiro, RJ CEP 20211-340 Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Oliveira Moreira
- Metabolism Unit, Instituto Estadual de Diabetes e Endocrinologia (IEDE), Rua Moncorvo Filho 90, Rio de Janeiro, RJ CEP 20211-340 Brazil
| | - Luiza Barreto. S. Aguiar
- Metabolism Unit, Instituto Estadual de Diabetes e Endocrinologia (IEDE), Rua Moncorvo Filho 90, Rio de Janeiro, RJ CEP 20211-340 Brazil
| | - Priscila O. Siciliano
- Metabolism Unit, Instituto Estadual de Diabetes e Endocrinologia (IEDE), Rua Moncorvo Filho 90, Rio de Janeiro, RJ CEP 20211-340 Brazil
| | - Denise P. Carvalho
- Endocrine Physiology Laboratory, Biophysics Institute of Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Prédio do CCS, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ CEP 21944-97 Brazil
| | - Amelio F. Godoy-Matos
- Metabolism Unit, Instituto Estadual de Diabetes e Endocrinologia (IEDE), Rua Moncorvo Filho 90, Rio de Janeiro, RJ CEP 20211-340 Brazil
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