1
|
Stanek E, Czamara K, Kaczor A. Increased obesogenic action of palmitic acid during early stage of adipogenesis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2024; 1869:159525. [PMID: 38876269 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2024.159525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
The functional differences between preadipocytes and fully differentiated mature adipocytes derived from stromal vascular fraction stem cells, as well as primary adipocytes have been analysed by evaluating their response to the obesogenic factor (a saturated fatty acid) and TNF-triggered inflammation. The analysis of single adipocytes shows that the saturated fatty acid (palmitic acid) accumulation is accompanied by inflammation and considerably dependent on the stage of the adipogenesis. In particular, preadipocytes show the exceptional potential for palmitic acid uptake resulting in their hypertrophy and the elevated cellular expression of the inflammation marker (ICAM-1). Our research provides new information on the impact of obesogenic factors on preadipocytes that is important in the light of childhood obesity prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Stanek
- Jagiellonian University, Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, 11 Lojasiewicza Str., 30-348 Krakow, Poland; Jagiellonian University, Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), 14 Bobrzynskiego Str., 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Czamara
- Jagiellonian University, Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), 14 Bobrzynskiego Str., 30-348 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Kaczor
- Jagiellonian University, Faculty of Chemistry, 2 Gronostajowa Str., 30-387 Krakow, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liu H, Magaye R, Kaye DM, Wang BH. Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction: The Role of Inflammation. Eur J Pharmacol 2024:176858. [PMID: 39074526 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a debilitating clinical syndrome affecting 64.3 million patients worldwide. More than 50% of HF cases are attributed to HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), an entity growing in prevalence and mortality. Although recent breakthroughs reveal the prognostic benefits of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) in HFpEF, there is still a lack of effective pharmacological therapy available. This highlights a major gap in medical knowledge that must be addressed. Current evidence attributes HFpEF pathogenesis to an interplay between cardiometabolic comorbidities, inflammation, and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system (RAAS) activation, leading to cardiac remodelling and diastolic dysfunction. However, conventional RAAS blockade has demonstrated limited benefits in HFpEF, which emphasises that alternative therapeutic targets should be explored. Presently, there is limited literature examining the use of anti-inflammatory HFpEF therapies despite growing evidence supporting its importance in disease progression. Hence, this review aims to explore current perspectives on HFpEF pathogenesis, including the importance of inflammation-driven cardiac remodelling and the therapeutic potential of anti-inflammatory therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongyi Liu
- Monash Alfred Baker Centre for Cardiovascular Research, School of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004 Australia; Heart Failure Research Group, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Biomarker Discovery Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Ruth Magaye
- Monash Alfred Baker Centre for Cardiovascular Research, School of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004 Australia; Heart Failure Research Group, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - David M Kaye
- Monash Alfred Baker Centre for Cardiovascular Research, School of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004 Australia; Heart Failure Research Group, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Bing H Wang
- Monash Alfred Baker Centre for Cardiovascular Research, School of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004 Australia; Heart Failure Research Group, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Biomarker Discovery Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lu Z, Ding L, Jiang X, Zhang S, Yan M, Yang G, Tian X, Wang Q. Single-nucleus RNA transcriptome profiling reveals murine adipose tissue endothelial cell proliferation gene networks involved in obesity development. Arch Biochem Biophys 2024; 757:110029. [PMID: 38729594 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2024.110029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Endothelial cells play an important role in the metabolism of adipose tissue (AT). This study aimed to analyze the changes that adipose tissue in AT endothelial cells undergo during the development of obesity, using single-nucleus RNA sequence (snRNA-seq). Mouse paraepididymal AT cells were subjected to snRNA-seq with the 10X Genomics platform. The cell types were then clustered using t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding and unbiased computational informatics analyses. Protein-protein interactions network was established using the STRING database and visualized using Cytoscape. The dataset was subjected to differential gene enrichment analysis. In total, 21,333 cells acquired from 24 mouse paraepididymal AT samples were analyzed using snRNA-seq. This study identified 18 distinct clusters and annotated macrophages, fibroblasts, epithelial cells, T cells, endothelial cells, stem cells, neutrophil cells, and neutrophil cell types based on representative markers. Cluster 12 was defined as endothelial cells. The proportion of endothelial cells decreased with the development of obesity. Inflammatory factors, such as Vegfa and Prdm16 were upregulated in the medium obesity group but downregulated in the obesity group. Genes, such as Prox1, Erg, Flt4, Kdr, Flt1, and Pecam1 promoted the proliferation of AT endothelial cells and maintained the internal environment of AT. This study established a reference model and general framework for studying the mechanisms, biomarkers, and therapeutic targets of endothelial cell dysfunction-related diseases at the single-cell level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Lu
- College of Sport and Health, Shandong Sport University, 250102, Jinan, China
| | - Ling Ding
- College of Sport and Health, Shandong Sport University, 250102, Jinan, China
| | - Xing Jiang
- College of Sport and Health, Shandong Sport University, 250102, Jinan, China
| | - Sen Zhang
- College of Sport and Health, Shandong Sport University, 250102, Jinan, China
| | - Min Yan
- College of Sport and Health, Shandong Sport University, 250102, Jinan, China
| | - Guangxin Yang
- College of Sport and Health, Shandong Sport University, 250102, Jinan, China
| | - Xuewen Tian
- College of Sport and Health, Shandong Sport University, 250102, Jinan, China.
| | - Qinglu Wang
- College of Sport and Health, Shandong Sport University, 250102, Jinan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ertel A, Anderegg U, Franz S, Saalbach A. Dermal White Adipose Tissue-Derived Il-33 Regulates Il-4/13 Expression in Myeloid Cells during Inflammation. J Invest Dermatol 2024:S0022-202X(24)01862-1. [PMID: 38909842 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2024.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Effective tissue response to infection and injury essentially relies on the fine-tuned induction and subsequent resolution of inflammation. Recent research highlighted multiple functions of dermal white adipose tissue (dWAT) beyond its traditional role as an energy reservoir. However, in contrast to other fat depots, there are only limited data about putative immune-regulatory functions of dWAT. Therefore, we investigated the impact of dWAT in the control of an acute skin inflammation. Skin inflammation triggers the activation of dWAT. In turn, soluble mediators of activated dWAT stimulate the expression of numerous genes controlling skin inflammation, including the T helper 2 cell cytokines Il4 and Il13, in myeloid cells in vitro. Consistently, myeloid cells isolated from inflamed skin showed a significant upregulation of Il-4/13 expression compared with those isolated from healthy skin. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that IL-33 released from activated dWAT is responsible for IL-4/13 stimulation in myeloid cells. Interestingly, obesity attenuates IL-33 secretion in dWAT during inflammation, resulting in decreased Il-4 and Il-13 expressions in myeloid cells. Our data reveal an IL-33-IL-4/13 signaling cascade initiated from dWAT in a T helper 2-independent context of inflammation that may contribute to limitation of inflammation. This cascade seems to be disturbed in individuals with obesity with prolonged inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Ertel
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ulf Anderegg
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sandra Franz
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anja Saalbach
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ranji P, Jonasson E, Andersson L, Filges S, Luna Santamaría M, Vannas C, Dolatabadi S, Gustafsson A, Myklebost O, Håkansson J, Fagman H, Landberg G, Åman P, Ståhlberg A. Deciphering the role of FUS::DDIT3 expression and tumor microenvironment in myxoid liposarcoma development. J Transl Med 2024; 22:389. [PMID: 38671504 PMCID: PMC11046918 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05211-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myxoid liposarcoma (MLS) displays a distinctive tumor microenvironment and is characterized by the FUS::DDIT3 fusion oncogene, however, the precise functional contributions of these two elements remain enigmatic in tumor development. METHODS To study the cell-free microenvironment in MLS, we developed an experimental model system based on decellularized patient-derived xenograft tumors. We characterized the cell-free scaffold using mass spectrometry. Subsequently, scaffolds were repopulated using sarcoma cells with or without FUS::DDIT3 expression that were analyzed with histology and RNA sequencing. RESULTS Characterization of cell-free MLS scaffolds revealed intact structure and a large variation of protein types remaining after decellularization. We demonstrated an optimal culture time of 3 weeks and showed that FUS::DDIT3 expression decreased cell proliferation and scaffold invasiveness. The cell-free MLS microenvironment and FUS::DDIT3 expression both induced biological processes related to cell-to-cell and cell-to-extracellular matrix interactions, as well as chromatin remodeling, immune response, and metabolism. Data indicated that FUS::DDIT3 expression more than the microenvironment determined the pre-adipocytic phenotype that is typical for MLS. CONCLUSIONS Our experimental approach opens new means to study the tumor microenvironment in detail and our findings suggest that FUS::DDIT3-expressing tumor cells can create their own extracellular niche.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Parmida Ranji
- Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Emma Jonasson
- Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lisa Andersson
- Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Stefan Filges
- Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Manuel Luna Santamaría
- Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Christoffer Vannas
- Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Oncology, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Soheila Dolatabadi
- Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna Gustafsson
- Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ola Myklebost
- Department of Tumor Biology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute for Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Joakim Håkansson
- RISE Unit of Biological Function, Division Materials and Production, RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Borås, Sweden
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Henrik Fagman
- Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Göran Landberg
- Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Pierre Åman
- Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anders Ståhlberg
- Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
- Department of Clinical Genetics and Genomics, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Rezvani R, Shadmand Foumani Moghadam MR, Cianflone K. Acylation stimulating protein/C3adesArg in the metabolic states: role of adipocyte dysfunction in obesity complications. J Physiol 2024; 602:773-790. [PMID: 38305477 DOI: 10.1113/jp285127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue, as an endocrine organ, secretes several adipocyte-derived hormones named 'adipokines' that are implicated in regulating energy haemostasis. Substantial evidence shows that white adipose tissue-derived adipokines mediate the link between obesity-related exogenous factors (like diet and lifestyle) and various biological events (such as pre- and postmenopausal status) that have obesity consequences (cardiometabolic disorders). One of the critical aetiological factors for obesity-related diseases is the dysfunction of adipokine pathways. Acylation-stimulating protein (ASP) is an adipokine that stimulates triglyceride synthesis and storage in adipose tissue by enhancing glucose and fatty acid uptake. ASP acts via its receptor C5L2. The primary objective of this review is to address the existing gap in the literature regarding ASP by investigating its diverse responses and receptor interactions across multiple determinants of obesity. These determinants include diet composition, metabolic disorders, organ involvement, sex and sex hormone levels. Furthermore, this article explores the broader paradigm shift from solely focusing on adipose tissue mass, which contributes to obesity, to considering the broader implications of adipose tissue function. Additionally, we raise a critical question concerning the clinical relevance of the insights gained from this review, both in terms of potential therapeutic interventions targeting ASP and in the context of preventing obesity-related conditions, highlighting the potential of the ASP-C5L2 interaction as a pharmacological target. In conclusion, these findings validate that obesity is a low-grade inflammatory status with multiorgan involvement and sex differences, demonstrating dynamic interactions between immune and metabolic response determinants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reza Rezvani
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Katherine Cianflone
- Centre de Recherche Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie & Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Guo Y, Yin G, Hui F, Guo X, Shi B, Zhao Y, Yan S. Effects of dietary energy level on antioxidant capability, immune function and rectal microbiota in late gestation donkeys. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1308171. [PMID: 38414765 PMCID: PMC10896733 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1308171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study investigated the effects of dietary energy level on the antioxidant capability, immune function, and rectal microbiota in donkey jennets during the last 60 days of gestation. Methods Fifteen pregnant DeZhou donkeys with age of 6.0 ± 0.1 years, body weight of 292 ± 33 kg, parity of 2.7 ± 0.1 parities and similar expected date of confinement (74 ± 4 days) were randomly allocated to three groups and feed three diets: high energy (10.92 MJ/kg, H), medium energy (10.49 MJ/kg, M), and low energy (9.94 MJ/kg, L). Results and Discussion The serum activity of catalase (CAT), total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) in group M was significantly higher, whereas the concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA), interleukin 1 (IL-1), IL-2, and IL-6 were lower than those recorded for groups H and L (p ≤ 0.05). The dietary energy level significantly affected rectal microbial community structure in the jennet donkeys 35 days and 7 days before the parturition (p ≤ 0.05). The abundances of norank_f_norank_o_Coriobacteriales genus was significantly higher (p ≤ 0.05) in group H, and the abundances of norank_f_norank_o_Mollicutes_RF39 and the Candidatus_Saccharimonas were higher in group L (p ≤ 0.05). The abundance of Fibrobacter in group M was significantly increased (p ≤ 0.05). The abundance of norank_f_norank_o_Coriobacteriales was positively correlated with average daily gain (ADG) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) concentrations (p ≤ 0.05). The abundance of norank_f_norank_o_Mollicutes_RF39 was positively correlated with IL-2 and IL-6 concentrations. The abundance of Candidatus_Saccharimonas was positively correlated with CAT, T-SOD and GSH-Px activities (p ≤ 0.05). The abundance of Fibrobacter was positively correlated with CAT and T-SOD activities (p ≤ 0.05), but negatively correlated with IL-2 concentration (p ≤ 0.05). In conclusion, an appropriate dietary with an energy content of 10.49 MJ/kg for jennet donkeys during late gestation increased the prenatal antioxidant capacity, reduced inflammatory cytokines, and promoted fetal growth, and these changes were related to diet-induced changes in rectal microbiota compositions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Sumei Yan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Bao X, Liang Y, Chang H, Cai T, Feng B, Gordon K, Zhu Y, Shi H, He Y, Xie L. Targeting proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9): from bench to bedside. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:13. [PMID: 38185721 PMCID: PMC10772138 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01690-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) has evolved as a pivotal enzyme in lipid metabolism and a revolutionary therapeutic target for hypercholesterolemia and its related cardiovascular diseases (CVD). This comprehensive review delineates the intricate roles and wide-ranging implications of PCSK9, extending beyond CVD to emphasize its significance in diverse physiological and pathological states, including liver diseases, infectious diseases, autoimmune disorders, and notably, cancer. Our exploration offers insights into the interaction between PCSK9 and low-density lipoprotein receptors (LDLRs), elucidating its substantial impact on cholesterol homeostasis and cardiovascular health. It also details the evolution of PCSK9-targeted therapies, translating foundational bench discoveries into bedside applications for optimized patient care. The advent and clinical approval of innovative PCSK9 inhibitory therapies (PCSK9-iTs), including three monoclonal antibodies (Evolocumab, Alirocumab, and Tafolecimab) and one small interfering RNA (siRNA, Inclisiran), have marked a significant breakthrough in cardiovascular medicine. These therapies have demonstrated unparalleled efficacy in mitigating hypercholesterolemia, reducing cardiovascular risks, and have showcased profound value in clinical applications, offering novel therapeutic avenues and a promising future in personalized medicine for cardiovascular disorders. Furthermore, emerging research, inclusive of our findings, unveils PCSK9's potential role as a pivotal indicator for cancer prognosis and its prospective application as a transformative target for cancer treatment. This review also highlights PCSK9's aberrant expression in various cancer forms, its association with cancer prognosis, and its crucial roles in carcinogenesis and cancer immunity. In conclusion, this synthesized review integrates existing knowledge and novel insights on PCSK9, providing a holistic perspective on its transformative impact in reshaping therapeutic paradigms across various disorders. It emphasizes the clinical value and effect of PCSK9-iT, underscoring its potential in advancing the landscape of biomedical research and its capabilities in heralding new eras in personalized medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuhui Bao
- Institute of Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Oncology, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, China.
- Center for Clinical Research, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, China.
- Clinical Research Center for Cell-based Immunotherapy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Yongjun Liang
- Center for Medical Research and Innovation, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Hanman Chang
- Institute for Food Safety and Health, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Tianji Cai
- Department of Sociology, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Baijie Feng
- Department of Oncology, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Konstantin Gordon
- Medical Institute, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia
- A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Center, Obninsk, Russia
| | - Yuekun Zhu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Hailian Shi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhangjiang Hi-tech Park, Shanghai, China
| | - Yundong He
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Liyi Xie
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Çiftci H, Aşut G, Kaya H, Çakmak IB, Aydıner Yılmaz M, Çöpür A, Çalcı E, Fırat Oğuz E, Turhan T, Göka E. Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and inflammatory markers in schizophrenia: A comparative analysis of drug-naive schizophrenia patients, remitted patients, and healthy controls. J Psychiatr Res 2024; 169:14-21. [PMID: 37995497 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to examine the plasma concentrations of NGAL and other inflammatory parameters, including TNF-α, IL-1β, and IFN-γ, in schizophrenia patients and healthy volunteers. It also investigates potential associations between these biomarkers and symptom severity in schizophrenia and the utility of NGAL as a potential diagnostic and monitoring biomarker for schizophrenia. The study included 49 drug-naive schizophrenia patients (DNS), 59 patients with schizophrenia in remission (REM) on antipsychotic treatment, and 58 healthy volunteers (HC). The Positive and Negative Symptoms Evaluation Scale (PANSS) was utilized to assess the severity of symptoms in schizophrenia patients. Plasma levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IFN-γ, and NGAL were measured for all participants. NGAL levels were significantly lower in the DNS group than in HC. Significantly lower TNF-α levels were observed in both the DNS and REM groups compared to the HC group. Notably, a statistically significant positive correlation was detected between TNF-α and NGAL levels. The findings of this study are noteworthy, as they demonstrate that drug-naive individuals with schizophrenia exhibit significantly diminished levels of NGAL and TNF-α compared to healthy controls. These identified biomarkers hold promise for providing valuable insights into the complex and evolving pathophysiology of schizophrenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hatice Çiftci
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Health Sciences Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Gonca Aşut
- Department of Psychiatry, Baskent University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Hasan Kaya
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Health Sciences Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
| | | | - Meltem Aydıner Yılmaz
- Department of Psychiatry, Samsun Mental Health and Dıseases Hospital, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Çöpür
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Health Sciences Ankara Etlik City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Esin Çalcı
- Department of Clinical Biochemistery, Uşak Public Health Laboratory, Uşak, Turkey
| | - Esra Fırat Oğuz
- Department of Clinical Biochemistery, University of Health Sciences Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Turan Turhan
- Department of Clinical Biochemistery, University of Health Sciences Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Erol Göka
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Health Sciences Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Islam T, Scoggin S, Gong X, Zabet-Moghaddam M, Kalupahana NS, Moustaid-Moussa N. Anti-Inflammatory Mechanisms of Curcumin and Its Metabolites in White Adipose Tissue and Cultured Adipocytes. Nutrients 2023; 16:70. [PMID: 38201900 PMCID: PMC10780365 DOI: 10.3390/nu16010070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The plant-derived polyphenol curcumin alleviates the inflammatory and metabolic effects of obesity, in part, by reducing adipose tissue inflammation. We hypothesized that the benefits of curcumin supplementation on diet-induced obesity and systemic inflammation in mice occur through downregulation of white adipose tissue (WAT) inflammation. The hypothesis was tested in adipose tissue from high-fat diet-induced obese mice supplemented with or without curcumin and in 3T3-L1 adipocytes treated with or without curcumin. Male B6 mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD, 45% kcal fat) with or without 0.4% (w/w) curcumin supplementation (HFC). Metabolic changes in these mice have been previously reported. Here, we determined the serum levels of the curcumin metabolites tetrahydrocurcumin (THC) and curcumin-O-glucuronide (COG) using mass spectrometry. Moreover, we determined interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels and proteomic changes in LPS-stimulated 3T3-L1 adipocytes treated with or without curcumin by using immunoassays and mass spectrometry, respectively, to gain further insight into any altered processes. We detected both curcumin metabolites, THC and COG, in serum samples from the curcumin-fed mice. Both curcumin and its metabolites reduced LPS-induced adipocyte IL-6 secretion and mRNA levels. Proteomic analyses indicated that curcumin upregulated EIF2 and mTOR signaling pathways. Overall, curcumin exerted anti-inflammatory effects in adipocytes, in part by reducing IL-6, and these effects may be linked to the upregulation of the mTOR signaling pathway, warranting additional mechanistic studies on the effects of curcumin and its metabolites on metabolic health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tariful Islam
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (T.I.); (S.S.); (N.S.K.)
- Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA;
| | - Shane Scoggin
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (T.I.); (S.S.); (N.S.K.)
- Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA;
| | - Xiaoxia Gong
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomics, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA;
| | - Masoud Zabet-Moghaddam
- Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA;
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomics, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA;
| | - Nishan S. Kalupahana
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (T.I.); (S.S.); (N.S.K.)
- Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA;
- Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Naima Moustaid-Moussa
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (T.I.); (S.S.); (N.S.K.)
- Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Adipose Tissue Paracrine-, Autocrine-, and Matrix-Dependent Signaling during the Development and Progression of Obesity. Cells 2023; 12:cells12030407. [PMID: 36766750 PMCID: PMC9913478 DOI: 10.3390/cells12030407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is an ever-increasing phenomenon, with 42% of Americans being considered obese (BMI ≥ 30) and 9.2% being considered morbidly obese (BMI ≥ 40) as of 2016. With obesity being characterized by an abundance of adipose tissue expansion, abnormal tissue remodeling is a typical consequence. Importantly, this pathological tissue expansion is associated with many alterations in the cellular populations and phenotypes within the tissue, lending to cellular, paracrine, mechanical, and metabolic alterations that have local and systemic effects, including diabetes and cardiovascular disease. In particular, vascular dynamics shift during the progression of obesity, providing signaling cues that drive metabolic dysfunction. In this review, paracrine-, autocrine-, and matrix-dependent signaling between adipocytes and endothelial cells is discussed in the context of the development and progression of obesity and its consequential diseases, including adipose fibrosis, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease.
Collapse
|
12
|
The role of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) in the pathophysiology of psoriasis and systemic lupus erythematosus. Postepy Dermatol Alergol 2022; 39:645-650. [PMID: 36090718 PMCID: PMC9454343 DOI: 10.5114/ada.2022.118919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and atherogenic dyslipidaemia are often observed in skin diseases and represent an increased risk of cardiovascular disorders. Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 plays an important role in the regulation of serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Its biological role, however, seems to go much beyond the regulation of cholesterol metabolism. The article presents potential pathophysiological links between inflammatory process and lipid disorders based on the example of psoriasis and systemic lupus erythematosus.
Collapse
|
13
|
Rogal J, Roosz J, Teufel C, Cipriano M, Xu R, Eisler W, Weiss M, Schenke‐Layland K, Loskill P. Autologous Human Immunocompetent White Adipose Tissue-on-Chip. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2104451. [PMID: 35466539 PMCID: PMC9218765 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202104451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and associated diseases, such as diabetes, have reached epidemic proportions globally. In this era of "diabesity", white adipose tissue (WAT) has become a target of high interest for therapeutic strategies. To gain insights into mechanisms of adipose (patho-)physiology, researchers traditionally relied on animal models. Leveraging Organ-on-Chip technology, a microphysiological in vitro model of human WAT is introduced: a tailored microfluidic platform featuring vasculature-like perfusion that integrates 3D tissues comprising all major WAT-associated cellular components (mature adipocytes, organotypic endothelial barriers, stromovascular cells including adipose tissue macrophages) in an autologous manner and recapitulates pivotal WAT functions, such as energy storage and mobilization as well as endocrine and immunomodulatory activities. A precisely controllable bottom-up approach enables the generation of a multitude of replicates per donor circumventing inter-donor variability issues and paving the way for personalized medicine. Moreover, it allows to adjust the model's degree of complexity via a flexible mix-and-match approach. This WAT-on-Chip system constitutes the first human-based, autologous, and immunocompetent in vitro adipose tissue model that recapitulates almost full tissue heterogeneity and can become a powerful tool for human-relevant research in the field of metabolism and its associated diseases as well as for compound testing and personalized- and precision medicine applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Rogal
- Department for Microphysiological Systems, Institute of Biomedical EngineeringEberhard Karls University TübingenÖsterbergstr. 3Tübingen72074Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGBNobelstr. 12Stuttgart70569Germany
| | - Julia Roosz
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of TübingenMarkwiesenstr. 55Reutlingen72770Germany
| | - Claudia Teufel
- Department for Microphysiological Systems, Institute of Biomedical EngineeringEberhard Karls University TübingenÖsterbergstr. 3Tübingen72074Germany
| | - Madalena Cipriano
- Department for Microphysiological Systems, Institute of Biomedical EngineeringEberhard Karls University TübingenÖsterbergstr. 3Tübingen72074Germany
- 3R‐Center for In vitro Models and Alternatives to Animal TestingEberhard Karls University TübingenÖsterbergstr. 3Tübingen72074Germany
| | - Raylin Xu
- Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGBNobelstr. 12Stuttgart70569Germany
- Harvard Medical School (HMS)25 Shattuck StBostonMA02115USA
| | - Wiebke Eisler
- Clinic for PlasticReconstructiveHand and Burn SurgeryBG Trauma CenterEberhard Karls University TübingenSchnarrenbergstraße 95Tübingen72076Germany
| | - Martin Weiss
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of TübingenMarkwiesenstr. 55Reutlingen72770Germany
- Department of Women's HealthEberhard Karls University TübingenCalwerstrasse 7Tübingen72076Germany
| | - Katja Schenke‐Layland
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of TübingenMarkwiesenstr. 55Reutlingen72770Germany
- Department of Medicine/CardiologyCardiovascular Research LaboratoriesDavid Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA675 Charles E. Young Drive South, MRL 3645Los AngelesCA90095USA
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) “Image‐Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies”Eberhard Karls University TuebingenRöntgenweg 11Tuebingen72076Germany
- Department for Medical Technologies and Regenerative MedicineInstitute of Biomedical EngineeringEberhard Karls University TübingenSilcherstr. 7/1Tübingen72076Germany
| | - Peter Loskill
- Department for Microphysiological Systems, Institute of Biomedical EngineeringEberhard Karls University TübingenÖsterbergstr. 3Tübingen72074Germany
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of TübingenMarkwiesenstr. 55Reutlingen72770Germany
- 3R‐Center for In vitro Models and Alternatives to Animal TestingEberhard Karls University TübingenÖsterbergstr. 3Tübingen72074Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Bianconi V, Pirro M, Moallem SMH, Majeed M, Bronzo P, D'Abbondanza M, Jamialahmadi T, Sahebkar A. The Multifaceted Actions of Curcumin in Obesity. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1328:81-97. [PMID: 34981472 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-73234-9_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Obesity remains a pervasive health concern worldwide with concomitant comorbidities such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, inflammation, and other metabolic disorders. A wealth of data validates dietary and lifestyle modifications such as restricting caloric intake and increasing physical activity to slow the obesity development. Recently, the advent of phytochemicals such as curcumin, the active ingredient in turmeric, has attracted considerable research interest in tracking down their possible effects in protection against obesity and obesity-related comorbidities. According to the existing literature, curcumin may regulate lipid metabolism and suppress chronic inflammation interacting with white adipose tissue, which plays a central role in the complications associated with obesity. Curcumin also inhibits the differentiation of adipocyte and improves antioxidant properties. In the present review, we sought to deliberate the possible effects of curcumin in downregulating obesity and curtailing the adverse health effects of obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Bianconi
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Angiology, and Arteriosclerosis Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Matteo Pirro
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Angiology, and Arteriosclerosis Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | | | - Paola Bronzo
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Angiology, and Arteriosclerosis Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Marco D'Abbondanza
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Angiology, and Arteriosclerosis Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Tannaz Jamialahmadi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Quchan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Quchan, Iran.,Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. .,Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. .,School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Schreiter JS, Kurow LO, Langer S, Steinert M, Massier L. Effects of non-vascularized adipose tissue transplantation on its genetic profile. Adipocyte 2021; 10:131-141. [PMID: 33648423 PMCID: PMC7928050 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2021.1889815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) is recognized as a highly active metabolic and inflammatory tissue. Interestingly, adipose tissue transplantation is widely performed in plastic surgery via lipofilling, yet little is known about the gene alteration of adipocytes after transplantation. We performed an RNA-expression analysis of fat transplants before and after fat transplantation.In C57BL/6 N mice SAT was autologously transplanted. Samples of SAT were analysed before transplantation, 7, and 15 days after transplantation and gene expression profiles were measured.Analysis revealed that lipid metabolism-related genes were downregulated while inflammatory and extracellular matrix related genes were up-regulated 7 and 15 days after transplantation. When comparing gene expression profile 7 days after transplantation to 15 days after transplantation developmental pathways showed most changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - L. O Kurow
- Department of Orthopedics, Traumatology and Plastic Surgery
| | - S Langer
- Department of Orthopedics, Traumatology and Plastic Surgery
| | - M Steinert
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - L Massier
- University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany, Medical Department III – Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ruhl T, Lippold EF, Christer T, Schaefer B, Kim BS, Beier JP. Genetic deletion of the cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2 enhances inflammation with diverging effects on skin wound healing in mice. Life Sci 2021; 285:120018. [PMID: 34624321 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Inflammation during wound healing is both essential and critical for restoring tissue integrity. Participating cells secrete soluble factors to regulate the inflammatory phase and to induce the adjacent regenerative processes. If pro-inflammatory signals are overexpressed, the wound stagnates in the inflammatory phase, which decelerates regular wound healing. The endocannabinoid system is ascribed great significance in maintenance of tissue homeostasis. It mediates several effects through the cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2. MAIN METHODS In order to clarify the role of these receptors in wound healing, excisional wounds were created on wildtype and CB1 and CB2 knockout mice. The wound closure was analyzed over a period of 14 days, and cytokine concentrations of tissue homogenisates were measured by ELISA. MSCs were isolated from the animals' subcutaneous adipose tissue and analyzed for viability and differentiation capacity, in vitro. KEY FINDINGS Deletion of CB2 increased Interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α but did not affect tissue regeneration. In CB1-deficient animals, wound closure was delayed during early phases of healing, which was accompanied by increased concentrations of monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 and TNF-α. CB1 and CB2 knockout MSCs presented altered viability and differentiation capacity compared to wildtype MSCs. The CB1-deficient MSCs released high levels of MCP-1 upon stimulation with TNF-α and IL-1β. SIGNIFICANCE The data indicate that both cannabinoid receptors regulate inflammation, and this study emphasizes the important role of CB1 in wound repair. Furthermore, our findings suggest that the secretome of CB1-deficient MSCs may contribute to the wound healing delay, in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tim Ruhl
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Hand Surgery-Burn Center, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Ella F Lippold
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Hand Surgery-Burn Center, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Tim Christer
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Hand Surgery-Burn Center, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Benedikt Schaefer
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Hand Surgery-Burn Center, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Bong-Sung Kim
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Hand Surgery-Burn Center, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Justus P Beier
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Hand Surgery-Burn Center, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Abstract
Background and Objectives Obesity is the accumulation of adipose tissue caused by excess energy in the body, accompanied by long-term chronic low-grade inflammation of adipose tissue. More than 50% of interstitial cells in adipose tissue are macrophages, which produce cytokines closely related to insulin resistance. Macrophage biology is driven by two polarization phenotypes, M1 (proinflammatory) and M2 (anti-inflammatory). This study aimed to investigate the effect of gastric hormone des-acyl ghrelin (DAG) on the polarization phenotype of macrophages and elucidate the role of macrophages in adipose tissue inflammation and insulin sensitivity and its molecular mechanism. Methods Mice were subcutaneously administrated with DAG in osmotic minipumps. The mice were fed a normal diet or a high-fat diet (HFD). Different macrophage markers were detected by real-time revere transcription polymerase chain reaction. Results Exogenous administration of DAG significantly inhibited the increase of adipocyte volume caused by HFD and reduced the number of rosette-like structures in adipose tissue. HFD in the control group significantly increased M1 macrophage markers, tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), and inducible NO synthase (iNOS). However, these increases were reduced or even reversed after DAG administration in vitro. The M2 markers, macrophage galactose type C-type Lectin-1 (MGL1), arginase 1 (Arg1), and macrophage mannose receptor 1 (MRC1) were decreased by HFD, and the downward trend was inhibited or reversed after DAG administration. Although Arg1 was elevated after HFD, the fold increase after DAG administration in vitro was much greater than that in the control group. Conclusion DAG inhibits adipose tissue inflammation caused by HFD, reduces infiltration of macrophages in adipose tissue, and promotes polarization of macrophages to M2, thus alleviating obesity and improving insulin sensitivity.
Collapse
|
18
|
Dong HX, Wang Q, Wang Z, Wu XK, Cheng L, Zhou ZM, Yang L, Yi P, Huang DM. Impact of Low Frequency Electro-acupuncture on Glucose and Lipid Metabolism in Unmarried PCOS Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Chin J Integr Med 2021; 27:737-743. [PMID: 34319506 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-021-3482-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the effect of electro-acupuncture (EA) on glucose and lipid metabolism in unmarried patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). METHODS Fifty-four PCOS patients were equally randomized into true acupuncture group and sham acupuncture group (control) for totally 16 weeks of treatment by random method with a computerized randomization program. Patients in true acupuncture group accepted traditional acupuncture methods with EA and two sets of acupoint groups were used alternatively. The first set consisted of Zhongji (CV 3), Qihai (CV 6), Guilai (ST 29), Sanyinjiao (SP 6), Yinlingquan (SP 9), Hegu (LI4) and Baihui (GV 20), and the second set consisted of Tianshu (ST 25), ST 29, CV 3, CV 6, SP 6, Taichong (LR 3), Neiguan (PC) 6 and GV 20. Patients in the sham acupuncture group accepted shallow acupuncture methods through EA without electricity at 4 non-meridian points in each shoulder and upper arm. Outcome measures included body mass index (BMI), waist-hip-ratio (WHR), oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), insulin release test, glucose and lipid metabolism indicators such as total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), adiponectin, leptin, visfatin, resistin, and interleukin (IL-6). RESULTS Twenty-six subjects in the true acupuncture group and 20 subjects in the sham group completed the clinical trial. After 16 weeks of treatment, no significant difference in the outcome measures were observed between the two groups (P>0.05). However, as compared with baseline data, a reduction in weight, BMI, hipline, WHR, fasting glucose, homeostatic model assessment of insulin sensitivity, visfatin and HDL-C, and an increase in resistin and IL-6 were observed in the true acupuncture group (P<0.05). In addition, a reduction in visfatin and an increase in TC were also observed in the sham group (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Acupuncture may have a beneficial effect in the treatment of PCOS by improving glucose and lipid metabolism. Moreover, the sham acupuncture may be not completely ineffective. Sham acupuncture may improve some of the aspects of the glucose and lipid metabolism of PCOS patients through a placebo effect. (Registration Nos. ChiCTR-TRC-12002529 and NCT01812161).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Xu Dong
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Center of Wuhan Puren Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430081, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xiao-Ke Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 50040, China
| | - Ling Cheng
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, East Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Zhong-Ming Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hubei University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Li Yang
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ping Yi
- Department of Rehabilitation Center of Wuhan Puren Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430081, China
| | - Dong-Mei Huang
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Induction of the CD24 Surface Antigen in Primary Undifferentiated Human Adipose Progenitor Cells by the Hedgehog Signaling Pathway. Biologics 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/biologics1020008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In the murine model system of adipogenesis, the CD24 cell surface protein represents a valuable marker to label undifferentiated adipose progenitor cells. Indeed, when injected into the residual fat pads of lipodystrophic mice, these CD24 positive cells reconstitute a normal white adipose tissue (WAT) depot. Unluckily, similar studies in humans are rare and incomplete. This is because it is impossible to obtain large numbers of primary CD24 positive human adipose stem cells (hASCs). This study shows that primary hASCs start to express the glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored CD24 protein when cultured with a chemically defined medium supplemented with molecules that activate the Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway. Therefore, this in vitro system may help understand the biology and role in adipogenesis of the CD24-positive hASCs. The induced cells’ phenotype was studied by flow cytometry, Real-Time Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-qPCR) techniques, and their secretion profile. The results show that CD24 positive cells are early undifferentiated progenitors expressing molecules related to the angiogenic pathway.
Collapse
|
20
|
Dermal white adipose tissue: Much more than a metabolic, lipid-storage organ? Tissue Cell 2021; 71:101583. [PMID: 34171520 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2021.101583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The role of dermal white adipose tissue (dWAT) has emerged in the biomedical science as an ancillary fat district in the derma without a defined and distinct function respect to the subcutaneous adipose tissue (sWAT). Despite some evidence describing dWAT as an immune-competent compartment, particularly engaged in wound repair, very few reports dealing with dWAT has elucidated its major modulatory role within the skin biology. Whereas an increasing bulk of evidence allows researcher to describe the main activity of sWAT, in humans dWAT is not properly a separated fat compartment and therefore scarcely considered in the scientific debate. Due to its strategic position between epidermis and sWAT, dermal fat might play a much more intriguing role than expected. This review tries to shed light on this issue, by expanding the debate about a possible role of dWAT in skin physiology.
Collapse
|
21
|
Xu H, Zhu B, Li H, Jiang B, Wang Y, Yin Q, Cai J, Glaser S, Francis H, Alpini G, Wu C. Adipocyte inducible 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase suppresses adipose tissue inflammation and promotes macrophage anti-inflammatory activation. J Nutr Biochem 2021; 95:108764. [PMID: 33964465 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Obesity-associated inflammation in white adipose tissue (WAT) is a causal factor of systemic insulin resistance. To better understand how adipocytes regulate WAT inflammation, the present study generated chimeric mice in which inducible 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase was low, normal, or high in WAT while the expression of 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase 3 (Pfkfb3) was normal in hematopoietic cells, and analyzed changes in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced WAT inflammation and systemic insulin resistance in the mice. Indicated by proinflammatory signaling and cytokine expression, the severity of HFD-induced WAT inflammation in WT → Pfkfb3+/- mice, whose Pfkfb3 was disrupted in WAT adipocytes but not hematopoietic cells, was comparable with that in WT → WT mice, whose Pfkfb3 was normal in all cells. In contrast, the severity of HFD-induced WAT inflammation in WT → Adi-Tg mice, whose Pfkfb3 was over-expressed in WAT adipocytes but not hematopoietic cells, remained much lower than that in WT → WT mice. Additionally, HFD-induced insulin resistance was correlated with the status of WAT inflammation and comparable between WT → Pfkfb3+/- mice and WT → WT mice, but was significantly lower in WT → Adi-Tg mice than in WT → WT mice. In vitro, palmitoleate decreased macrophage phosphorylation states of Jnk p46 and Nfkb p65 and potentiated the effect of interleukin 4 on suppressing macrophage proinflammatory activation. Taken together, these results suggest that the Pfkfb3 in adipocytes functions to suppress WAT inflammation. Moreover, the role played by adipocyte Pfkfb3 is attributable to, at least in part, palmitoleate promotion of macrophage anti-inflammatory activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hang Xu
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Bilian Zhu
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA; Department of VIP Medical Service Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Honggui Li
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Boxiong Jiang
- Department of VIP Medical Service Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yina Wang
- Department of VIP Medical Service Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiongli Yin
- Department of VIP Medical Service Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - James Cai
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Shannon Glaser
- Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Bryan, Texas, USA
| | - Heather Francis
- Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA; Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Gianfranco Alpini
- Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA; Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Chaodong Wu
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Rajesh Y, Sarkar D. Association of Adipose Tissue and Adipokines with Development of Obesity-Induced Liver Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22042163. [PMID: 33671547 PMCID: PMC7926723 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22042163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is rapidly dispersing all around the world and is closely associated with a high risk of metabolic diseases such as insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), leading to carcinogenesis, especially hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). It results from an imbalance between food intake and energy expenditure, leading to an excessive accumulation of adipose tissue (AT). Adipocytes play a substantial role in the tumor microenvironment through the secretion of several adipokines, affecting cancer progression, metastasis, and chemoresistance via diverse signaling pathways. AT is considered an endocrine organ owing to its ability to secrete adipokines, such as leptin, adiponectin, resistin, and a plethora of inflammatory cytokines, which modulate insulin sensitivity and trigger chronic low-grade inflammation in different organs. Even though the precise mechanisms are still unfolding, it is now established that the dysregulated secretion of adipokines by AT contributes to the development of obesity-related metabolic disorders. This review focuses on several obesity-associated adipokines and their impact on obesity-related metabolic diseases, subsequent metabolic complications, and progression to HCC, as well as their role as potential therapeutic targets. The field is rapidly developing, and further research is still required to fully understand the underlying mechanisms for the metabolic actions of adipokines and their role in obesity-associated HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yetirajam Rajesh
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA;
| | - Devanand Sarkar
- Massey Cancer Center, Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-804-827-2339
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Cooper PO, Haas MR, Noonepalle SKR, Shook BA. Dermal Drivers of Injury-Induced Inflammation: Contribution of Adipocytes and Fibroblasts. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1933. [PMID: 33669239 PMCID: PMC7919834 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Irregular inflammatory responses are a major contributor to tissue dysfunction and inefficient repair. Skin has proven to be a powerful model to study mechanisms that regulate inflammation. In particular, skin wound healing is dependent on a rapid, robust immune response and subsequent dampening of inflammatory signaling. While injury-induced inflammation has historically been attributed to keratinocytes and immune cells, a vast body of evidence supports the ability of non-immune cells to coordinate inflammation in numerous tissues and diseases. In this review, we concentrate on the active participation of tissue-resident adipocytes and fibroblasts in pro-inflammatory signaling after injury, and how altered cellular communication from these cells can contribute to irregular inflammation associated with aberrant wound healing. Furthering our understanding of how tissue-resident mesenchymal cells contribute to inflammation will likely reveal new targets that can be manipulated to regulate inflammation and repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Brett A. Shook
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA; (P.O.C.); (M.R.H.); (S.k.R.N.)
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Yang PK, Chou CH, Huang CC, Wen WF, Chen HF, Shun CT, Ho HN, Chen MJ. Obesity alters ovarian folliculogenesis through disrupted angiogenesis from increased IL-10 production. Mol Metab 2021; 49:101189. [PMID: 33592337 PMCID: PMC7933796 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Obesity has been reported to have a modulatory effect on the ovulatory functions of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. The role of adipokines in this obesity-associated ovulatory disturbance has not been extensively explored. In this study, the relationships between obesity, adipokine production from visceral fat, and ovarian folliculogenesis were explored in a mice model of induced obesity. Methods Obesity was induced in female C57BL/6 mice fed ad libitum with high-fat feed and fructose water for 4 weeks. Follicular developments in the ovaries were assessed by histopathology in these diet-induced obese mice. Changes in adipokine expression in the peri-ovarian adipose tissues were screened with an adipokine array. The adipokine with the most significant increase over time was identified. The functions of the adipokine in angiogenic processes were evaluated in a cell model of endothelial proliferation. The in vivo effects of neutralizing this adipokine using specific antibodies were assessed in the same obesity model. Results A high-fat and fructose diet induced an accumulation of early ovarian follicles and a reduction in mature follicles and corpus lutea. The number of microvessels in the early follicles also decreased. The adipokine protein array of the peri-ovarian adipose tissues identified a progressive increase in IL-10 expression with the duration of the obesogenic diet. In vitro experiments in the endothelial cell model confirmed IL-10 as a disrupter of VEGF-induced angiogenesis. Administration of anti-IL-10 antibodies prevented the histopathological changes induced by the obesogenic diet and further highlighted the role of IL-10 in disrupting folliculogenesis. Conclusions Obesity may disrupt normal folliculogenesis through increased production of IL-10 in visceral fats. This relationship may help clarify the reported association between obesity and ovulatory dysfunction, which has been found in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. However, the duration of this study was short, which limited conclusions on the long-term reproductive outcomes. Obesity increases IL-10 expression in visceral adipose. IL-10 disrupts VEGF-induced angiogenesis in an endothelial cell model. Disrupted angiogenesis is associated with disturbed folliculogenesis. Anti-IL-10 antibody prevents the altered folliculogenesis induced by obesity. Abnormal production of IL-10 may be a cause of dysovulation in obese individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Po-Kai Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hung Chou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chu-Chun Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Fen Wen
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Fu Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medical Genomics and Proteomics, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Tung Shun
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Pathology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Nerng Ho
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Jou Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Livia Shang Yu Wan Chair Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Tini G, Varma V, Lombardo R, Nolen GT, Lefebvre G, Descombes P, Métairon S, Priami C, Kaput J, Scott-Boyer MP. DNA methylation during human adipogenesis and the impact of fructose. GENES AND NUTRITION 2020; 15:21. [PMID: 33243154 PMCID: PMC7691080 DOI: 10.1186/s12263-020-00680-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased adipogenesis and altered adipocyte function contribute to the development of obesity and associated comorbidities. Fructose modified adipocyte metabolism compared to glucose, but the regulatory mechanisms and consequences for obesity are unknown. Genome-wide methylation and global transcriptomics in SGBS pre-adipocytes exposed to 0, 2.5, 5, and 10 mM fructose, added to a 5-mM glucose-containing medium, were analyzed at 0, 24, 48, 96, 192, and 384 h following the induction of adipogenesis. RESULTS Time-dependent changes in DNA methylation compared to baseline (0 h) occurred during the final maturation of adipocytes, between 192 and 384 h. Larger percentages (0.1% at 192 h, 3.2% at 384 h) of differentially methylated regions (DMRs) were found in adipocytes differentiated in the glucose-containing control media compared to adipocytes differentiated in fructose-supplemented media (0.0006% for 10 mM, 0.001% for 5 mM, and 0.005% for 2.5 mM at 384 h). A total of 1437 DMRs were identified in 5237 differentially expressed genes at 384 h post-induction in glucose-containing (5 mM) control media. The majority of them inversely correlated with the gene expression, but 666 regions were positively correlated to the gene expression. CONCLUSIONS Our studies demonstrate that DNA methylation regulates or marks the transformation of morphologically differentiating adipocytes (seen at 192 h), to the more mature and metabolically robust adipocytes (as seen at 384 h) in a genome-wide manner. Lower (2.5 mM) concentrations of fructose have the most robust effects on methylation compared to higher concentrations (5 and 10 mM), suggesting that fructose may be playing a signaling/regulatory role at lower concentrations of fructose and as a substrate at higher concentrations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Tini
- The Microsoft Research - University of Trento Centre for Computational and Systems Biology, Piazza Manifattura 1, 38068, Rovereto, Italy.,Department of Mathematics, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 14, 38050, Povo, Italy.,Present address: Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCSS, Milan, Italy
| | - Vijayalakshmi Varma
- Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, FDA, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA.,Present Address: Cardiovascular Renal and Metabolism Division of MedImmune, Astrazeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, 20878, USA
| | - Rosario Lombardo
- The Microsoft Research - University of Trento Centre for Computational and Systems Biology, Piazza Manifattura 1, 38068, Rovereto, Italy
| | - Greg T Nolen
- Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, FDA, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | | | | | | | - Corrado Priami
- The Microsoft Research - University of Trento Centre for Computational and Systems Biology, Piazza Manifattura 1, 38068, Rovereto, Italy.,Department of Computer Science, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Jim Kaput
- Nestlé Institute of Health Science, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Present Addresses: Vydiant Inc., Folsom, CA, 95630, USA
| | - Marie-Pier Scott-Boyer
- The Microsoft Research - University of Trento Centre for Computational and Systems Biology, Piazza Manifattura 1, 38068, Rovereto, Italy. .,Present Address: CRCHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, Québec, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Rysz J, Franczyk B, Ławiński J, Olszewski R, Gluba-Brzózka A. The Role of Metabolic Factors in Renal Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7246. [PMID: 33008076 PMCID: PMC7582927 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
An increasing number of evidence indicates that metabolic factors may play an important role in the development and progression of certain types of cancers, including renal cell carcinoma (RCC). This tumour is the most common kidney cancer which accounts for approximately 3-5% of malignant tumours in adults. Numerous studies indicated that concomitant diseases, including diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypertension, as well as obesity, insulin resistance, and lipid disorders, may also influence the prognosis and cancer-specific overall survival. However, the results of studies concerning the impact of metabolic factors on RCC are controversial. It appears that obesity increases the risk of RCC development; however, it may be a favourable factor in terms of prognosis. Obesity is closely related to insulin resistance and the development of diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2T) since the adipocytes in visceral tissue secrete substances responsible for insulin resistance, e.g., free fatty acids. Interactions between insulin and insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system appear to be of key importance in the development and progression of RCC; however, the exact role of insulin and IGFs in RCC pathophysiology remains elusive. Studies indicated that diabetes increased the risk of RCC, but it might not alter cancer-related survival. The risk associated with a lipid profile is most mysterious, as numerous studies provided conflicting results. Even though large studies unravelling pathomechanisms involved in cancer growth are required to finally establish the impact of metabolic factors on the development, progression, and prognosis of renal cancers, it seems that the monitoring of health conditions, such as diabetes, low body mass index (BMI), and lipid disorders is of high importance in clear-cell RCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Rysz
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 90-549 Lodz, Poland; (J.R.); (B.F.)
| | - Beata Franczyk
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 90-549 Lodz, Poland; (J.R.); (B.F.)
| | - Janusz Ławiński
- Department of Urology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-055 Rzeszow, Poland;
| | - Robert Olszewski
- Department of Gerontology, Public Health and Education, National Institute of Geriatrics Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland;
- Department of Ultrasound, Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Gluba-Brzózka
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 90-549 Lodz, Poland; (J.R.); (B.F.)
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Liddle DM, Hutchinson AL, Monk JM, DeBoer AA, Ma DWL, Robinson LE. Dietary long-chain n-3 PUFAs mitigate CD4 + T cell/adipocyte inflammatory interactions in co-culture models of obese adipose tissue. J Nutr Biochem 2020; 86:108488. [PMID: 32827664 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2020.108488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Obese adipose tissue (AT) inflammation is partly driven by accumulation of CD4+ T helper (Th)1 cells and reduced Th2 and T regulatory subsets, which promotes macrophage chemotaxis and ensuing AT metabolic dysfunction. This study investigated CD4+ T cell/adipocyte cytokine-mediated paracrine interactions (cross talk) as a target for dietary intervention to mitigate obese AT inflammation. Using an in vitro co-culture model designed to recapitulate CD4+ T cell accumulation in obese AT (5% of stromal vascular cellular fraction), 3T3-L1 adipocytes were co-cultured with purified splenic CD4+ T cells from C57Bl/6 mice consuming one of two isocaloric diets containing either 10% w/w safflower oil (control, CON) or 7% w/w safflower oil+3% w/w fish oil (FO) for 4 weeks (n=8-11/diet). The FO diet provided 1.9% kcal from the long-chain (LC) n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, a dose that can be achieved by supplementation. Co-cultures were stimulated for 48 h with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to mimic in vivo obese endotoxin levels or with conditioned media collected from LPS-stimulated visceral AT isolated from CON-fed mice. In both stimulation conditions, FO reduced mRNA expression and/or secreted protein levels of Th1 markers (T-bet, IFN-γ) and increased Th2 markers (GATA3, IL-4), concomitant with reduced inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12p70, TNF-α), macrophage chemokines (MCP-1, MCP-3, MIP-1α, MIP-2) and levels of activated central regulators of inflammatory signaling (NF-κB, STAT-1, STAT-3) (P<.05). Therefore, CD4+ T cell/adipocyte cross talk represents a potential target for LC n-3 PUFAs to mitigate obese AT inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danyelle M Liddle
- Department of Hsuman Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 2W1
| | - Amber L Hutchinson
- Department of Hsuman Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 2W1
| | - Jennifer M Monk
- Department of Hsuman Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 2W1
| | - Anna A DeBoer
- Department of Hsuman Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 2W1
| | - David W L Ma
- Department of Hsuman Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 2W1
| | - Lindsay E Robinson
- Department of Hsuman Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 2W1.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Liddle DM, Kavanagh ME, Wright AJ, Robinson LE. Apple Flavonols Mitigate Adipocyte Inflammation and Promote Angiogenic Factors in LPS- and Cobalt Chloride-Stimulated Adipocytes, in Part by a Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-γ-Dependent Mechanism. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12051386. [PMID: 32408695 PMCID: PMC7284758 DOI: 10.3390/nu12051386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue (AT) expansion induces local hypoxia, a key contributor to the chronic low-grade inflammation that drives obesity-associated disease. Apple flavonols phloretin (PT) and phlorizin (PZ) are suggested anti-inflammatory molecules but their effectiveness in obese AT is inadequately understood. Using in vitro models designed to reproduce the obese AT microenvironment, 3T3-L1 adipocytes were cultured for 24 h with PT or PZ (100 μM) concurrent with the inflammatory stimulus lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 10 ng/mL) and/or the hypoxia mimetic cobalt chloride (CoCl2; 100 μM). Within each condition, PT was more potent than PZ and its effects were partially mediated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ (p < 0.05), as tested using the PPAR-γ antagonist bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE). In LPS-, CoCl2-, or LPS + CoCl2-stimulated adipocytes, PT reduced mRNA expression and/or secreted protein levels of inflammatory and macrophage chemotactic adipokines, and increased that of anti-inflammatory and angiogenic adipokines, which was consistent with reduced mRNA expression of M1 polarization markers and increased M2 markers in RAW 264.7 macrophages cultured in media collected from LPS + CoCl2-simulated adipocytes (p < 0.05). Further, within LPS + CoCl2-stimulated adipocytes, PT reduced reactive oxygen species accumulation, nuclear factor-κB activation, and apoptotic protein expression (p < 0.05). Overall, apple flavonols attenuate critical aspects of the obese AT phenotype.
Collapse
|
29
|
Tang X, Miao Y, Luo Y, Sriram K, Qi Z, Lin FM, Gu Y, Lai CH, Hsu CY, Peterson KL, Van Keuren-Jensen K, Fueger PT, Yeo GW, Natarajan R, Zhong S, Chen ZB. Suppression of Endothelial AGO1 Promotes Adipose Tissue Browning and Improves Metabolic Dysfunction. Circulation 2020; 142:365-379. [PMID: 32393053 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.119.041231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic disorders such as obesity and diabetes mellitus can cause dysfunction of endothelial cells (ECs) and vascular rarefaction in adipose tissues. However, the modulatory role of ECs in adipose tissue function is not fully understood. Other than vascular endothelial growth factor-vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-mediated angiogenic signaling, little is known about the EC-derived signals in adipose tissue regulation. We previously identified Argonaute 1 (AGO1; a key component of microRNA-induced silencing complex) as a crucial regulator in hypoxia-induced angiogenesis. In this study, we intend to determine the AGO1-mediated EC transcriptome, the functional importance of AGO1-regulated endothelial function in vivo, and the relevance to adipose tissue function and obesity. METHODS We generated and subjected mice with EC-AGO1 deletion (EC-AGO1-knockout [KO]) and their wild-type littermates to a fast food-mimicking, high-fat high-sucrose diet and profiled the metabolic phenotypes. We used crosslinking immunoprecipitation- and RNA-sequencing to identify the AGO1-mediated mechanisms underlying the observed metabolic phenotype of EC-AGO1-KO. We further leveraged cell cultures and mouse models to validate the functional importance of the identified molecular pathway, for which the translational relevance was explored using human endothelium isolated from healthy donors and donors with obesity/type 2 diabetes mellitus. RESULTS We identified an antiobesity phenotype of EC-AGO1-KO, evident by lower body weight and body fat, improved insulin sensitivity, and enhanced energy expenditure. At the organ level, we observed the most significant phenotype in the subcutaneous and brown adipose tissues of KO mice, with greater vascularity and enhanced browning and thermogenesis. Mechanistically, EC-AGO1 suppression results in inhibition of thrombospondin-1 (THBS1/TSP1), an antiangiogenic and proinflammatory cytokine that promotes insulin resistance. In EC-AGO1-KO mice, overexpression of TSP1 substantially attenuated the beneficial phenotype. In human endothelium isolated from donors with obesity or type 2 diabetes mellitus, AGO1 and THBS1 are expressed at higher levels than the healthy controls, supporting a pathological role of this pathway. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests a novel mechanism by which ECs, through the AGO1-TSP1 pathway, control vascularization and function of adipose tissues, insulin sensitivity, and whole-body metabolic state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Tang
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism (X.T., Y.M., Y.L., K.S., F.L., C.H.L., R.N., Z.C.), City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Yifei Miao
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism (X.T., Y.M., Y.L., K.S., F.L., C.H.L., R.N., Z.C.), City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Yingjun Luo
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism (X.T., Y.M., Y.L., K.S., F.L., C.H.L., R.N., Z.C.), City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Kiran Sriram
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism (X.T., Y.M., Y.L., K.S., F.L., C.H.L., R.N., Z.C.), City of Hope, Duarte, CA.,Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences (K.S., P.T.F., R.N., Z.C.), City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Zhijie Qi
- Department of Bioengineering (Z.Q., S.Z.), University of California at San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Feng-Mao Lin
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism (X.T., Y.M., Y.L., K.S., F.L., C.H.L., R.N., Z.C.), City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Yusu Gu
- Department of Medicine (Y.G., K.L.P.), University of California at San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Chih-Hung Lai
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism (X.T., Y.M., Y.L., K.S., F.L., C.H.L., R.N., Z.C.), City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Chien-Yi Hsu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taiwan (C.Y.H)
| | - Kirk L Peterson
- Department of Medicine (Y.G., K.L.P.), University of California at San Diego, La Jolla
| | | | - Patrick T Fueger
- Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences (K.S., P.T.F., R.N., Z.C.), City of Hope, Duarte, CA.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology (P.T.F.), City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Gene W Yeo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine (G.W.Y.), University of California at San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Rama Natarajan
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism (X.T., Y.M., Y.L., K.S., F.L., C.H.L., R.N., Z.C.), City of Hope, Duarte, CA.,Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences (K.S., P.T.F., R.N., Z.C.), City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Sheng Zhong
- Department of Bioengineering (Z.Q., S.Z.), University of California at San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Zhen Bouman Chen
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism (X.T., Y.M., Y.L., K.S., F.L., C.H.L., R.N., Z.C.), City of Hope, Duarte, CA.,Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences (K.S., P.T.F., R.N., Z.C.), City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
|
31
|
Chirumbolo S. Oxidative Stress, Nutrition and Cancer: Friends or Foes? World J Mens Health 2020; 39:19-30. [PMID: 32202081 PMCID: PMC7752511 DOI: 10.5534/wjmh.190167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between cancer and nutrition, as well as nutrition and oxidative stress, shares puzzling aspects that current research is investigating as the possible components of an intriguing regulating mechanism involving the complex interplay between adipose tissue and other compartments. Along the very recent biological evolution, humans underwent a rapid change in their lifestyles and henceforth the role of the adipocytes earned a much more complex task in the fine tuning of the tissue microenvironment. A lipidic signaling language probably evolved in association with the signaling role of reactive oxygen species, which gained a fundamental part in the regulation of cell stem and plasticity. The possible relationship with cancer onset might have some causative mechanism in the impairment of this complex task, usually deregulated by drastic changes in one's own lifestyle and dietary habit. This review tries to address this issue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Chirumbolo
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Presa N, Gomez-Larrauri A, Dominguez-Herrera A, Trueba M, Gomez-Muñoz A. Novel signaling aspects of ceramide 1-phosphate. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2020; 1865:158630. [PMID: 31958571 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2020.158630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The bioactive sphingolipid ceramide 1-phosphate (C1P) regulates key physiologic cell functions and is implicated in a number of metabolic alterations and pathological processes. Initial studies using different types of fibroblasts and monocytes/macrophages revealed that C1P was mitogenic and that it promoted cell survival through inhibition of apoptosis. Subsequent studies implicated C1P in inflammatory responses with a specific role as pro-inflammatory agent. Specifically, C1P potently stimulated cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) resulting in elevation of arachidonic acid and pro-inflammatory eicosanoid levels. However, increasing experimental evidence suggests that C1P can also exert anti-inflammatory actions in some cell types and tissues. Specifically, it has been demonstrated that C1P inhibits the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and blocks activation of the pro-inflammatory transcription factor NF-κB in some cell types. Moreover, C1P was shown to increase the release of anti-inflammatory interleukin-10 in macrophages, and to overcome airway inflammation and reduce lung emphysema in vivo. Noteworthy, C1P stimulated cell migration, an action that is associated with diverse physiological cell functions, as well as with inflammatory responses and tumor dissemination. More recently, ceramide kinase (CerK), the enzyme that produces C1P in mammalian cells, has been shown to be upregulated during differentiation of pre-adipocytes into mature adipocytes, and that exogenous C1P, acting through a putative Gi protein-coupled receptor, negatively regulates adipogenesis. Although the latter actions seem to be contradictory, it is plausible that exogenous C1P may balance the adipogenic effects of intracellularly generated (CerK-derived) C1P in adipose tissue. The present review highlights novel signaling aspects of C1P and its impact in the regulation of cell growth and survival, inflammation and tumor dissemination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Presa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), P.O. Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Vizcaya, Spain
| | - Ana Gomez-Larrauri
- Department of Pneumology, Cruces University Hospital, Barakaldo, Vizcaya, Spain
| | - Asier Dominguez-Herrera
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), P.O. Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Vizcaya, Spain
| | - Miguel Trueba
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), P.O. Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Vizcaya, Spain
| | - Antonio Gomez-Muñoz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), P.O. Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Vizcaya, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Bourgeois C, Gorwood J, Barrail-Tran A, Lagathu C, Capeau J, Desjardins D, Le Grand R, Damouche A, Béréziat V, Lambotte O. Specific Biological Features of Adipose Tissue, and Their Impact on HIV Persistence. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2837. [PMID: 31921023 PMCID: PMC6927940 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Although white AT can contribute to anti-infectious immune responses, it can also be targeted and perturbed by pathogens. The AT's immune involvement is primarily due to strong pro-inflammatory responses (with both local and paracrine effects), and the large number of fat-resident macrophages. Adipocytes also exert direct antimicrobial responses. In recent years, it has been found that memory T cells accumulate in AT, where they provide efficient secondary responses against viral pathogens. These observations have prompted researchers to re-evaluate the links between obesity and susceptibility to infections. In contrast, AT serves as a reservoir for several persistence pathogens, such as human adenovirus Ad-36, Trypanosoma gondii, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, influenza A virus, and cytomegalovirus (CMV). The presence and persistence of bacterial DNA in AT has led to the concept of a tissue-specific microbiota. The unexpected coexistence of immune cells and pathogens within the specific AT environment is intriguing, and its impact on anti-infectious immune responses requires further evaluation. AT has been recently identified as a site of HIV persistence. In the context of HIV infection, AT is targeted by both the virus and the antiretroviral drugs. AT's intrinsic metabolic features, large overall mass, and wide distribution make it a major tissue reservoir, and one that may contribute to the pathophysiology of chronic HIV infections. Here, we review the immune, metabolic, viral, and pharmacological aspects that contribute to HIV persistence in AT. We also evaluate the respective impacts of both intrinsic and HIV-induced factors on AT's involvement as a viral reservoir. Lastly, we examine the potential consequences of HIV persistence on the metabolic and immune activities of AT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christine Bourgeois
- Center for Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, IDMIT Department, IBFJ, CEA, Université Paris Sud, INSERM U1184, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Jennifer Gorwood
- INSERM UMR_S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire de Cardio-Métabolisme et Nutrition (ICAN), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Aurélie Barrail-Tran
- Center for Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, IDMIT Department, IBFJ, CEA, Université Paris Sud, INSERM U1184, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- AP-HP, Service de Médecine Interne et Immunologie Clinique, Hôpital Bicêtre, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Paris Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Claire Lagathu
- INSERM UMR_S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire de Cardio-Métabolisme et Nutrition (ICAN), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Jacqueline Capeau
- INSERM UMR_S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire de Cardio-Métabolisme et Nutrition (ICAN), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Delphine Desjardins
- Center for Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, IDMIT Department, IBFJ, CEA, Université Paris Sud, INSERM U1184, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Roger Le Grand
- Center for Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, IDMIT Department, IBFJ, CEA, Université Paris Sud, INSERM U1184, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Abderaouf Damouche
- Center for Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, IDMIT Department, IBFJ, CEA, Université Paris Sud, INSERM U1184, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Véronique Béréziat
- INSERM UMR_S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire de Cardio-Métabolisme et Nutrition (ICAN), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Lambotte
- Center for Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, IDMIT Department, IBFJ, CEA, Université Paris Sud, INSERM U1184, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- AP-HP, Service de Médecine Interne et Immunologie Clinique, Hôpital Bicêtre, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Paris Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Surendar J, Frohberger SJ, Karunakaran I, Schmitt V, Stamminger W, Neumann AL, Wilhelm C, Hoerauf A, Hübner MP. Adiponectin Limits IFN-γ and IL-17 Producing CD4 T Cells in Obesity by Restraining Cell Intrinsic Glycolysis. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2555. [PMID: 31736971 PMCID: PMC6828851 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Compared to the innate immune system, the contribution of the adaptive immune response during obesity and insulin resistance is still not completely understood. Here we demonstrate that high fat diet (HFD) increases the frequencies of activated CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and frequencies of T cells positive for IFN-γ and IL-17 in the adipose tissue. The adipocyte-derived soluble factor adiponectin reduces IFN-γ and IL-17 positive CD4+ T cells from HFD mice and dampens the differentiation of naïve T cells into Th1 cells and Th17 cells. Adiponectin reduces Th17 cell differentiation and restrains glycolysis in an AMPK dependent fashion. Treatment with adult worm extracts of the rodent filarial nematode Litomosoides sigmodontis (LsAg) reduces adipose tissue Th1 and Th17 cell frequencies during HFD and increases adiponectin levels. Stimulation of T cells in the presence of adipocyte-conditioned media (ACM) from LsAg-treated mice reduces Th1 and Th17 frequencies and this effect was abolished when ACM was treated with an adiponectin neutralizing antibody. Collectively, these data reveal a novel role of adiponectin in controlling pro-inflammatory CD4+ T cells during obesity and suggest that the beneficial role of helminth infections and helminth-derived products on obesity and insulin resistance may be in part mediated by adiponectin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jayagopi Surendar
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Unit for Immunopathology, Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefan J Frohberger
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Indulekha Karunakaran
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Vanessa Schmitt
- Unit for Immunopathology, Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Wiebke Stamminger
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Anna-Lena Neumann
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christoph Wilhelm
- Unit for Immunopathology, Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Achim Hoerauf
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, Bonn, Germany
| | - Marc P Hübner
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Leite F, Ribeiro L. Dopaminergic Pathways in Obesity-Associated Inflammation. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2019; 15:93-113. [DOI: 10.1007/s11481-019-09863-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
36
|
A Hazelnut-Enriched Diet Modulates Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Gene Expression without Weight Gain. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:4683723. [PMID: 31354906 PMCID: PMC6637671 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4683723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Inflammation is associated with obesity condition and plays a pivotal role in the onset and progression of many chronic diseases. Among several nutraceutical foods, hazelnuts (Corylus avellana L.) are considered an excellent anti-inflammatory and hypolipidemic food being the second richest source of monounsaturated fatty acids among nuts and because they are rich in vitamins, minerals, and phenolic compounds. Materials and Methods A prospective pilot clinical trial on 24 healthy volunteers who consumed daily, as a snack, 40 g of hazelnuts (261.99 kcal/1096.17 kJ) for six weeks was conducted. Anthropometric measurements, body composition analysis, and nutrigenomic analysis on 12 anti-inflammatory and antioxidant genes were evaluated at baseline (T0) and after hazelnut intervention (T1). Results No significant changes were detected on body composition analysis after hazelnut consumption. Conversely, significant upregulation was detected for SOD1 (2−ΔΔCt = 2.42), CAT (2−ΔΔCt = 2.41), MIF (2−ΔΔCt = 4.12), PPARγ (2−ΔΔCt = 5.89), VDR (2−ΔΔCt = 3.61), MTHFR (2−ΔΔCt = 2.40), and ACE (2−ΔΔCt = 2.16) at the end of the study. Conclusions According to emerging evidences, hazelnut consumption does not lead to weight gain probably due to the improvement of the body's antioxidant capacity by the upregulation of genes implied in oxidant reactions and inflammation.
Collapse
|
37
|
Igata M, Islam MA, Tada A, Takagi M, Kober AKMH, Albarracin L, Aso H, Ikeda-Ohtsubo W, Miyazawa K, Yoda K, He F, Takahashi H, Villena J, Kitazawa H. Transcriptome Modifications in Porcine Adipocytes via Toll-Like Receptors Activation. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1180. [PMID: 31191544 PMCID: PMC6549529 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipocytes are the most important cell type in adipose tissue playing key roles in immunometabolism. We previously reported that nine members of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family are expressed in an originally established porcine intramuscular pre-adipocyte (PPI) cell line. However, the ability of TLR ligands to modulate immunometabolic transcriptome modifications in porcine adipocytes has not been elucidated. Herein, we characterized the global transcriptome modifications in porcine intramuscular mature adipocytes (pMA), differentiated from PPI, following stimulation with Pam3csk4, Poly(I:C) or LPS which are ligands for TLR2, TLR3, and TLR4, respectively. Analysis of microarray data identified 530 (218 up, 312 down), 520 (245 up, 275 down), and 525 (239 up, 286 down) differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in pMA following the stimulation with Pam3csk4, Poly(I:C), and LPS, respectively. Gene ontology classification revealed that DEGs are involved in several biological processes including those belonging to immune response and lipid metabolism pathways. Functionally annotated genes were organized into two groups for downstream analysis: immune response related genes (cytokines, chemokines, complement factors, adhesion molecules, and signal transduction), and genes involved with metabolic and endocrine functions (hormones and receptors, growth factors, and lipid biosynthesis). Differential expression analysis revealed that EGR1, NOTCH1, NOS2, TNFAIP3, TRAF3IP1, INSR, CXCR4, PPARA, MAPK10, and C3 are the top 10 commonly altered genes of TLRs induced transcriptional modification of pMA. However, the protein-protein interaction network of DEGs identified EPOR, C3, STAR, CCL2, and SAA2 as the major hub genes, which were also exhibited higher centrality estimates in the Gene-Transcription factor interaction network. Our results provide new insights of transcriptome modifications associated with TLRs activation in porcine adipocytes and identified key regulatory genes that could be used as biomarkers for the evaluation of treatments having immunomodularoty and/or metabolic functional beneficial effects in porcine adipocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manami Igata
- Food and Feed Immunology Group, Laboratory of Animal Products Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Livestock Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Centre for Food and Agricultural Immunology (CFAI), Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Md Aminul Islam
- Food and Feed Immunology Group, Laboratory of Animal Products Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Livestock Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Centre for Food and Agricultural Immunology (CFAI), Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Asuka Tada
- Food and Feed Immunology Group, Laboratory of Animal Products Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Livestock Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Centre for Food and Agricultural Immunology (CFAI), Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Michihiro Takagi
- Food and Feed Immunology Group, Laboratory of Animal Products Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Livestock Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Centre for Food and Agricultural Immunology (CFAI), Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - A K M Humayun Kober
- Food and Feed Immunology Group, Laboratory of Animal Products Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Livestock Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Centre for Food and Agricultural Immunology (CFAI), Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Dairy and Poultry Science, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chittangong, Bangladesh
| | - Leonardo Albarracin
- Food and Feed Immunology Group, Laboratory of Animal Products Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Laboratory of Immunobiotechnology, Reference Centre for Lactobacilli (CERELA-CONICET), San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina.,Scientific Computing Laboratory, Computer Science Department, Faculty of Exact Science and Technology, National University of Tucuman, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Hisashi Aso
- Livestock Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Centre for Food and Agricultural Immunology (CFAI), Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Cell Biology Laboratory, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Wakako Ikeda-Ohtsubo
- Food and Feed Immunology Group, Laboratory of Animal Products Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Livestock Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Centre for Food and Agricultural Immunology (CFAI), Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kenji Miyazawa
- Technical Research Laboratory, Takanashi Milk Products Co., Ltd., Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kazutoyo Yoda
- Technical Research Laboratory, Takanashi Milk Products Co., Ltd., Yokohama, Japan
| | - Fang He
- Technical Research Laboratory, Takanashi Milk Products Co., Ltd., Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hideki Takahashi
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Plant Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Centre for Food and Agricultural Immunology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Julio Villena
- Food and Feed Immunology Group, Laboratory of Animal Products Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Laboratory of Immunobiotechnology, Reference Centre for Lactobacilli (CERELA-CONICET), San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Haruki Kitazawa
- Food and Feed Immunology Group, Laboratory of Animal Products Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Livestock Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Centre for Food and Agricultural Immunology (CFAI), Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Abar L, Sobiecki JG, Cariolou M, Nanu N, Vieira AR, Stevens C, Aune D, Greenwood DC, Chan DSM, Norat T. Body size and obesity during adulthood, and risk of lympho-haematopoietic cancers: an update of the WCRF-AICR systematic review of published prospective studies. Ann Oncol 2019; 30:528-541. [PMID: 30753270 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To summarise the evidence on the associations between body mass index (BMI) and BMI in early adulthood, height, waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and risk of lympho-haematopoietic cancers. METHOD We conducted a meta-analysis of prospective studies and identified relevant studies published up to December 2017 by searching PubMed. A random-effects model was used to calculate dose-response summary relative risks (RRs). RESULTS Our findings showed BMI, and BMI in early adulthood (aged 18-21 years) is associated with the risk of Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL and NHL), diffuse large beta-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), Leukaemia including acute and chronic myeloid lymphoma (AML and CML), and chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) and multiple myeloma (MM). The summary RR per 5 kg/m2 increase in BMI were 1.12 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.05-1.20] for HL, 1.05 (95% CI: 1.03-1.08) for NHL, 1.11 (95% CI: 1.05-1.16) for DLBCL, 1.06 (95% CI: 1.03-1.09) for ML, 1.09 (95% CI: 1.03-1.15) for leukaemia, 1.13 (95% CI: 1.04-1.24) for AML, 1.13 (95% CI: 1.05-1.22) for CML and 1.04 (95% CI: 1.00-1.09) for CLL, and were1.12 (95% CI: 1.05-1.19) for NHL, 1.22 (95% CI: 1.09-1.37) for DLBCL, and 1.19 (95% CI: 1.03-1.38) for FL for BMI in early adulthood analysis. Results on mortality showed a 15%, 16% and 17% increased risk of NHL, MM and leukaemia, respectively. Greater height increased the risk of NHL by 7%, DLBCL by 10%, FL by 9%, MM by 5% and Leukaemia by 7%. WHR was associated with increased risk of DLBCL by 12%. No association was found between higher WC and risk of MM. CONCLUSION Our results revealed that general adiposity in adulthood and early adulthood, and greater height may increase the risk of almost all types of lympho-haematopoietic cancers and this adds to a growing body of evidence linking body fatness to several types of cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Abar
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London.
| | - J G Sobiecki
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London; Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge
| | - M Cariolou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London
| | - N Nanu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London
| | - A R Vieira
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London
| | - C Stevens
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London
| | - D Aune
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London
| | | | - D S M Chan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London
| | - T Norat
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Laparra A, Tricot S, Le Van M, Damouche A, Gorwood J, Vaslin B, Favier B, Benoist S, Ho Tsong Fang R, Bosquet N, Le Grand R, Chapon C, Lambotte O, Bourgeois C. The Frequencies of Immunosuppressive Cells in Adipose Tissue Differ in Human, Non-human Primate, and Mouse Models. Front Immunol 2019; 10:117. [PMID: 30804937 PMCID: PMC6371887 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the metabolic properties of white adipose tissue have been extensively characterized, the tissue's immune properties are now attracting renewed interest. Early experiments in a mouse model suggested that white adipose tissue contains a high density of regulatory T cells (Tregs), and so it was assumed that all adipose tissue has an immunosuppressive profile—even though the investigation was limited to visceral body fat in relatively old male mice. This observation was also corroborated by high frequencies of other cell subsets with immunoregulatory properties, such as anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages, and regulatory B cells. Many studies have since evidenced the persistence of pathogens (trypanosomes, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, HIV, etc.) in adipose tissue. However, a recent report identified adipose tissue as a reservoir of memory T cells capable of protecting animals upon rechallenge. The immune potential of lean adipose tissue thus remains to be further investigated. Here, we compared the relative proportions of immune cells (and Tregs in particular) in lean adipose tissue collected from humans, a non-human primate (the cynomolgus macaque), and three mouse models. We demonstrated that the proportion of Foxp3+ Tregs in visceral adipose tissue was low in all models other than the C57Bl/6 mouse. These low values were not linked to correspondingly low proportions of effector cells because T lymphocytes (a main target of Treg suppression) were more frequent in cynomolgus macaques than in C57Bl/6 mice and (to a lesser extent) humans. In contrast, the proportions of macrophages and B cells were lower in cynomolgus macaques than in C57Bl/6 mice. We also observed a higher proportion of CD34+CD45- cells (which predominantly correspond to mesenchymal stem cells) in C57Bl/6 mouse and cynomolgus macaques than in humans and both for subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissues. Lastly, a microscopy analysis confirmed predominant proportion of adipocytes within adipose tissue, and highlighted a marked difference in adipocyte size among the three species studied. In conclusion, our study of lean, middle-aged, male individuals showed that the immune compartment of adipose tissue differed markedly in humans vs. mice, and suggesting the presence of a more inflammatory steady-state profile in humans than mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ariane Laparra
- CEA - Université Paris Sud 11 - INSERM U1184, Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, IDMIT Department, IBFJ, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Sabine Tricot
- CEA - Université Paris Sud 11 - INSERM U1184, Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, IDMIT Department, IBFJ, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Mélanie Le Van
- CEA - Université Paris Sud 11 - INSERM U1184, Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, IDMIT Department, IBFJ, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Abderaouf Damouche
- CEA - Université Paris Sud 11 - INSERM U1184, Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, IDMIT Department, IBFJ, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Jennifer Gorwood
- CEA - Université Paris Sud 11 - INSERM U1184, Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, IDMIT Department, IBFJ, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Bruno Vaslin
- CEA - Université Paris Sud 11 - INSERM U1184, Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, IDMIT Department, IBFJ, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Benoit Favier
- CEA - Université Paris Sud 11 - INSERM U1184, Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, IDMIT Department, IBFJ, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Stéphane Benoist
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bicêtre, Service de Chirurgie Digestive et Oncologique, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Raphael Ho Tsong Fang
- CEA - Université Paris Sud 11 - INSERM U1184, Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, IDMIT Department, IBFJ, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Nathalie Bosquet
- CEA - Université Paris Sud 11 - INSERM U1184, Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, IDMIT Department, IBFJ, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Roger Le Grand
- CEA - Université Paris Sud 11 - INSERM U1184, Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, IDMIT Department, IBFJ, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Catherine Chapon
- CEA - Université Paris Sud 11 - INSERM U1184, Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, IDMIT Department, IBFJ, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Olivier Lambotte
- CEA - Université Paris Sud 11 - INSERM U1184, Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, IDMIT Department, IBFJ, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.,Université Paris Sud, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France.,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Service de Médecine Interne et Immunologie Clinique, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Paris Sud, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Christine Bourgeois
- CEA - Université Paris Sud 11 - INSERM U1184, Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, IDMIT Department, IBFJ, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Wanjalla CN, McDonnell WJ, Koethe JR. Adipose Tissue T Cells in HIV/SIV Infection. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2730. [PMID: 30559739 PMCID: PMC6286992 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue comprises one of the largest organs in the body and performs diverse functions including energy storage and release, regulation of appetite and other neuroendocrine signaling, and modulation of immuity, among others. Adipocytes reside in a complex compartment where antigen, antigen presenting cells, innate immune cells, and adaptive immune cells interact locally and exert systemic effects on inflammation, circulating immune cell profiles, and metabolic homeostasis. T lymphocytes are a major component of the adipose tissue milieu which are altered in disease states such as obesity and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. While obesity, HIV infection, and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV; a non-human primate virus similar to HIV) infection are accompanied by enrichment of CD8+ T cells in the adipose tissue, major phenotypic differences in CD4+ T cells and other immune cell populations distinguish HIV/SIV infection from obesity. Furthermore, DNA and RNA species of HIV and SIV can be detected in the stromal vascular fraction of visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue, and replication-competent HIV resides in local CD4+ T cells. Here, we review studies of adipose tissue CD4+ and CD8+ T cell populations in HIV and SIV, and contrast the findings with those reported in obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Celestine N Wanjalla
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States.,Center for Translational Immunology and Infectious Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Wyatt J McDonnell
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States.,Center for Translational Immunology and Infectious Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States.,Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - John R Koethe
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States.,Center for Translational Immunology and Infectious Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Elkamshoushi AM, Omar SS, El Abd AM, Hassan SZ, Sultan EA, Abd Elkawy E. Subclinical atherosclerosis in psoriatic disease: relation to endocan, TNF-α, age of onset, and body fat. Int J Dermatol 2018; 58:456-464. [PMID: 30471086 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.14290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psoriasis is a common multisystem inflammatory disease with several associated comorbidities. Serological markers to detect associated subclinical atherosclerosis in psoriatic patients are needed. We aimed to study serum endocan levels in psoriasis vulgaris and its relation to severity of psoriasis, systemic inflammation, associated atherosclerosis, obesity, and the possible factors affecting its level in psoriatic patients. METHODS This study was conducted on 30 moderate-severe psoriasis vulgaris patients and 30 healthy controls. Body mass index, body fat percent, and PASI assessments were done. Serum endocan and tumor necrosis factor-α levels were measured by ELISA. Carotid artery intima-media thickness measurement by high-resolution ultrasound was performed. RESULTS Psoriasis patients showed significantly higher serum tumor necrosis factor-α and endocan levels (P1 = 0.008, P2 = 0.003). Additionally, there was a statistically significant difference between mean carotid artery intima-media thickness of both groups (P = 0.005). Serum endocan levels positively correlated with PASI score (P = 0.002), tumor necrosis factor-α levels (P < 0.001), mean carotid artery intima-media thickness (P = 0.001), and body mass index (P < 0.001) in the patients group. Additionally, the age of onset of disease negatively correlated with serum endocan (P = 0.003). CONCLUSION Serum endocan is a promising marker of severity of psoriasis and associated atherosclerosis. Early onset psoriasis is associated with higher serum endocan levels. Body mass index is positively correlated with serum endocan levels. The positive correlation of endocan and tumor necrosis factor-α supports the regulatory effect of the cytokine on endocan production and suggests the role of endocan as an inflammatory marker.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdelaal M Elkamshoushi
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Andrology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Salma S Omar
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Andrology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Amr M El Abd
- Department of Radiodiagnosis and Interventional Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Seham Z Hassan
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Eman A Sultan
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Eman Abd Elkawy
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Andrology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Rakotoarivelo V, Variya B, Ilangumaran S, Langlois MF, Ramanathan S. Inflammation in human adipose tissues-Shades of gray, rather than white and brown. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2018; 44:28-37. [PMID: 30301598 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation in adipose tissues has been associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome over the years. Various studies using animal models have contributed to our knowledge on the pro- and anti- inflammatory mediators that regulate obesity. Analyses of cytokine profiles in humans have not revealed a clear scenario. Likewise, treatments targeting inflammation to control obesity and insulin resistance has not yielded promising results. In this review we summarize the data available in human obesity and discuss the possible reasons that could explain the difficulties in treating obesity and insulin resistance by targeting pro-inflammatory cytokines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Volatiana Rakotoarivelo
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke and CRCHUS, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Bhavesh Variya
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke and CRCHUS, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Subburaj Ilangumaran
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke and CRCHUS, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Marie-France Langlois
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke and CRCHUS, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Sheela Ramanathan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke and CRCHUS, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Zeng Q, Sun X, Xiao L, Xie Z, Bettini M, Deng T. A Unique Population: Adipose-Resident Regulatory T Cells. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2075. [PMID: 30323806 PMCID: PMC6172295 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T (Treg) cell is well known for its anti-inflammatory function in a variety of tissues in health and disease. Accordingly, Treg cells that reside in adipose tissue exhibit specific phenotypes. Their numbers are regulated by age, gender and environmental factors, such as diet and cold stimulation. Adipose-resident Treg cells have been suggested to be critical regulators of immune and metabolic microenvironment in adipose tissue, as well as involved in pathogenesis of obesity-related metabolic disorders. This review surveys existing information on adipose-resident Treg cells. We first describe the origin, phenotype and function of adipose-resident Treg cells. We then describe the major regulators of adipose-resident Treg cells, and discuss how the adipose-resident Treg cells are regulated in lean and obese conditions, especially in humans. Finally, we highlight their therapeutic potential in obesity-related disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qin Zeng
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Sun
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Central South University, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China
| | - Liuling Xiao
- Center for Bioenergetics, Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Zhiguo Xie
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Maria Bettini
- Section of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, McNair Medical Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Tuo Deng
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Central South University, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China.,Center for Bioenergetics, Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Gourronc FA, Robertson LW, Klingelhutz AJ. A delayed proinflammatory response of human preadipocytes to PCB126 is dependent on the aryl hydrocarbon receptor. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:16481-16492. [PMID: 28699004 PMCID: PMC5764822 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9676-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation in adipose tissue is recognized as a causative factor in the development of type II diabetes. Adipocyte hypertrophy as well as bacterial and environmental factors have been implicated in causing inflammation in mature adipocytes. Exposure to persistent organic pollutants such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) has been associated with the development of type II diabetes. We show here that PCB126, a dioxin-like PCB, activates a robust proinflammatory state in fat cell precursors (preadipocytes). The response was found to be dependent on aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) activation, although induction of the response was delayed compared to upregulation of CYP1A1, a classic AhR-responsive gene. Treatment of preadipocytes with a nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cell (NF-κB) inhibitor partially attenuated the PCB126-induced inflammatory response and partly, but not completely, ameliorated disruption of adipogenesis caused by PCB126. Our results indicate a role for PCB126 in mediating an inflammatory response through AhR in preadipocytes that interferes with adipogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francoise A Gourronc
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Larry W Robertson
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Aloysius J Klingelhutz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, 2202 MERF, 375 Newton Road, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Xu L, Shen M, Chen X, Zhu R, Yang DR, Tsai Y, Keng PC, Chen Y, Lee SO. Adipocytes affect castration-resistant prostate cancer cells to develop the resistance to cytotoxic action of NK cells with alterations of PD-L1/NKG2D ligand levels in tumor cells. Prostate 2018; 78:353-364. [PMID: 29330929 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity affects prostate cancer (PCa) progression, and the periprostatic adipose tissue adjacent to the prostate is considered a driving force of disease progression. Adipocytes are the main cell population in adipose tissues and their paracrine role contributes to PCa progression, however its implication in modulating immune reactions remains largely unknown. We investigated the adipocyte role in controlling the susceptibility of castration-resistant PCa (CRPC) cells to the cytotoxic action of natural killer (NK) cells. METHODS Using primary NK cells as the NK cell source, NK cell cytotoxicities to CRPC cells, either control media treated or adipocyte-conditioned media (CM) treated, were tested in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release-based assays. The levels of programmed death receptor ligand (PD-L1) and NK group 2D (NKG2D) ligands in adipocyte CM-treated CRPC cells were analyzed in qPCR analyses. Effects of blocking adipocyte action on altering PD-L1/NKG2D ligand levels and the susceptibility of CRPC cells to NK cell cytotoxicity were investigated. RESULTS We found NK cell cytotoxicity to CRPC cells decreases when tumor cells are treated with adipocyte CM associated with PD-L1 and NKG2D ligand level alterations. Further, we discovered that the JAK/Stat3 signaling pathway was responsible for the adipocyte CM effect. Two adipokine molecules, IL-6 and leptin, were shown to be important in activation of the JAK/Stat3 signaling in CRPC cells to modulate the PD-L1/NKG2D ligand level alteration. Adding the inhibitors of JAK/Stat3 signaling or neutralizing antibodies of IL-6 or leptin increased the susceptibility of CRPC cells to NK cell action. CONCLUSIONS Blocking the adipocyte effect by inhibiting the IL-6/leptin-JAK/Stat3 signaling axis may enhance NK cell mediated immunity to CRPC cells and this strategy may help to develop future therapeutics to treat obese PCa patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York
- Dep, artment of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Mingjing Shen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York
- Dep, artment of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York
| | - Rongying Zhu
- Dep, artment of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Dong-Rong Yang
- Dep, artment of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Ying Tsai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York
| | - Peter C Keng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York
| | - Yuhchyau Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York
| | - Soo Ok Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Targeted disruption of the iNOS gene improves adipose tissue inflammation and fibrosis in leptin-deficient ob/ob mice: role of tenascin C. Int J Obes (Lond) 2018; 42:1458-1470. [PMID: 29449623 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-018-0005-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Obesity is related to a dynamic extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, which involves the synthesis and degradation of different proteins, such as tenascin C (TNC) in the adipose tissue (AT). Given the functional relationship between leptin and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), our aim was to analyze the impact of the absence of the iNOS gene in AT inflammation and ECM remodeling in ob/ob mice. SUBJECTS/METHODS The expression of genes involved in inflammation and ECM remodeling was evaluated in 10-week-old male double knockout (DBKO) mice simultaneously lacking the ob and iNOS genes as well as in ob/ob mice classified into three groups [control, leptin-treated (1 mg kg-1 day-1) and pair-fed]. RESULTS Leptin deficiency increased inflammation and fibrosis in AT. As expected, leptin treatment improved the obesity phenotype. iNOS deficiency in ob/ob mice improved insulin sensitivity, AT inflammation, and ECM remodeling, as evidenced by lower AT macrophage infiltration and collagen deposition, a downregulation of proinflammatory and profibrogenic genes Tnf, Emr1, Hif1a, Col6a1, Col6a3, and Tnc, as well as lower circulating TNC levels. Interestingly, leptin upregulated TNC expression and release in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, and iNOS knockdown in 3T3-L1 fat cells produced a significant decrease in basal and leptin-induced Tnc expression. CONCLUSIONS Ablation of iNOS in leptin-deficient mice improved AT inflammation and ECM remodeling-related genes, attenuating fibrosis, and metabolic dysfunction. The activation of iNOS by leptin is necessary for the synthesis and secretion of TNC in adipocytes, suggesting an important role of this alarmin in the development of AT inflammation and fibrosis.
Collapse
|
47
|
Zi Xu YX, Ande SR, Mishra S. Prohibitin: A new player in immunometabolism and in linking obesity and inflammation with cancer. Cancer Lett 2018; 415:208-216. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
48
|
Petrus P, Bialesova L, Checa A, Kerr A, Naz S, Bäckdahl J, Gracia A, Toft S, Dahlman-Wright K, Hedén P, Dahlman I, Wheelock CE, Arner P, Mejhert N, Gao H, Rydén M. Adipocyte Expression of SLC19A1 Links DNA Hypermethylation to Adipose Tissue Inflammation and Insulin Resistance. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2018; 103:710-721. [PMID: 29121255 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2017-01382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Insulin resistance (IR) is promoted by a chronic low-grade inflammation in white adipose tissue (WAT). The latter might be regulated through epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation. The one carbon cycle (1CC) is a central metabolic process governing DNA methylation. OBJECTIVE To identify adipocyte-expressed 1CC genes linked to WAT inflammation, IR, and their causal role. DESIGN Cohort study. SETTING Outpatient academic clinic. PARTICIPANTS Obese and nonobese subjects. METHODS Gene expression and DNA methylation arrays were performed in subcutaneous WAT and isolated adipocytes. In in vitro differentiated human adipocytes, gene knockdown was achieved by small interfering RNA, and analyses included microarray, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, DNA methylation by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and pyrosequencing, protein secretion by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, targeted metabolomics, and luciferase reporter and thermal shift assays. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Effects on adipocyte inflammation. RESULTS In adipocytes from obese individuals, global DNA hypermethylation was associated positively with gene expression of proinflammatory pathways. Among the 1CC genes, IR in vivo and proinflammatory gene expression in WAT were most strongly and inversely associated with SLC19A1, a gene encoding a membrane folate carrier. SLC19A1 knockdown in human adipocytes perturbed intracellular 1CC metabolism, induced global DNA hypermethylation, and increased expression of proinflammatory genes. Several CpG loci linked SLC19A1 to inflammation; validation studies were focused on the chemokine C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) in which methylation in the promoter (cg12698626) regulated CCL2 expression and CCL2 secretion through altered transcriptional activity. CONCLUSIONS Reduced SLC19A1 expression in human adipocytes induces DNA hypermethylation, resulting in increased expression of specific proinflammatory genes, including CCL2. This constitutes an epigenetic mechanism that might link dysfunctional adipocytes to WAT inflammation and IR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Petrus
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lucia Bialesova
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Antonio Checa
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alastair Kerr
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Shama Naz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jesper Bäckdahl
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ana Gracia
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sofia Toft
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karin Dahlman-Wright
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Hedén
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Akademikliniken, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Dahlman
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Craig E Wheelock
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Arner
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Niklas Mejhert
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hui Gao
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mikael Rydén
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Jazayeri O, Daghighi SM, Rezaee F. Lifestyle alters GUT-bacteria function: Linking immune response and host. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2017; 31:625-635. [PMID: 29566905 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpg.2017.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Microbiota in human is a "mixture society" of different species (i.e. bacteria, viruses, funguses) populations with a different way of relationship classification to Human. Human GUT serves as the host of the majority of different bacterial populations (GUT flora, more than 500 species), which are with us ("from the beginning") in an innate manner known as the commensal (no harm to each other) and symbiotic (mutual benefit) relationship. A homeostatic balance of host-bacteria relationship is very important and vital for a normal health process. However, this beneficial relationship and delicate homeostatic state can be disrupted by the imbalance of microbiome-composition of gut microbiota, expressing a pathogenic state. A strict homeostatic balance of microbiome-composition strongly depends on several factors; 1- lifestyle, 2- geography, 3- ethnicities, 4- "mom" as prime of the type of bacterial colonization in infant and 5- the disease. With such diversity in individuals combined with huge number of different bacterial species and their interactions, it is wise to perform an in-depth systems biology (e.g. genomics, proteomics, glycomics, and etcetera) analysis of personalized microbiome. Only in this way, we are able to generate a map of complete GUT microbiota and, in turn, to determine its interaction with host and intra-interaction with pathogenic bacteria. A specific microbiome analysis provides us the knowledge to decipher the nature of interactions between the GUT microbiota and the host and its response to the invading bacteria in a pathogenic state. The GUT-bacteria composition is independent of geography and ethnicity but lifestyle well affects GUT-bacteria composition and function. Microbiome knowledge obtained by systems biology also helps us to change the behavior of GUT microbiota in response to the pathogenic microbes as protection. Functional microbiome changes in response to environmental factors will be discussed in this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Omid Jazayeri
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Basic Science, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
| | - S Mojtaba Daghighi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biomaterials and Medical Biomaterials Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Farhad Rezaee
- Department of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Cell Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Integrated Immunomodulatory Mechanisms through which Long-Chain n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Attenuate Obese Adipose Tissue Dysfunction. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9121289. [PMID: 29186929 PMCID: PMC5748740 DOI: 10.3390/nu9121289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a global health concern with rising prevalence that increases the risk of developing other chronic diseases. A causal link connecting overnutrition, the development of obesity and obesity-associated co-morbidities is visceral adipose tissue (AT) dysfunction, characterized by changes in the cellularity of various immune cell populations, altered production of inflammatory adipokines that sustain a chronic state of low-grade inflammation and, ultimately, dysregulated AT metabolic function. Therefore, dietary intervention strategies aimed to halt the progression of obese AT dysfunction through any of the aforementioned processes represent an important active area of research. In this connection, fish oil-derived dietary long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in the form of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) have been demonstrated to attenuate obese AT dysfunction through multiple mechanisms, ultimately affecting AT immune cellularity and function, adipokine production, and metabolic signaling pathways, all of which will be discussed herein.
Collapse
|