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Chanda D, Del Rivero T, Ghimire R, More S, Mitrani MI, Bellio MA, Channappanavar R. Acellular Human Amniotic Fluid-Derived Extracellular Vesicles as Novel Anti-Inflammatory Therapeutics against SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Viruses 2024; 16:273. [PMID: 38400048 PMCID: PMC10892347 DOI: 10.3390/v16020273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 is associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and fatal pneumonia. Excessive inflammation caused by SARS-CoV-2 is the key driver of ARDS and lethal disease. Several FDA-approved drugs that suppress virus replication are in clinical use. However, despite strong evidence for the role of virus-induced inflammation in severe COVID-19, no effective anti-inflammatory drug is available to control fatal inflammation as well as efficiently clear the virus. Therefore, there is an urgent need to identify biologically derived immunomodulators that suppress inflammation and promote antiviral immunity. In this study, we evaluated acellular human amniotic fluid (acAF) containing extracellular vesicles (hAF-EVs) as a potential non-toxic and safe biologic for immunomodulation during COVID-19. Our in vitro results showed that acAF significantly reduced inflammatory cytokine production in TLR2/4/7 and SARS-CoV-2 structural protein-stimulated mouse macrophages. Importantly, an intraperitoneal administration of acAF reduced morbidity and mortality in SARS-CoV-2-infected mice. A detailed examination of SARS-CoV-2-infected lungs revealed that the increased protection in acAF-treated mice was associated with reduced viral titers and levels of inflammatory myeloid cell infiltration. Collectively, our results identify a novel biologic that has potential to suppress excessive inflammation and enhance survival following SARS-CoV-2 infection, highlighting the translational potential of acAF against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debarati Chanda
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA; (D.C.); (R.G.); (S.M.)
| | - Tania Del Rivero
- Organicell Regenerative Medicine, Davie, FL 33314, USA; (T.D.R.); (M.I.M.)
| | - Roshan Ghimire
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA; (D.C.); (R.G.); (S.M.)
| | - Sunil More
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA; (D.C.); (R.G.); (S.M.)
| | - Maria Ines Mitrani
- Organicell Regenerative Medicine, Davie, FL 33314, USA; (T.D.R.); (M.I.M.)
| | - Michael A. Bellio
- Organicell Regenerative Medicine, Davie, FL 33314, USA; (T.D.R.); (M.I.M.)
| | - Rudragouda Channappanavar
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA; (D.C.); (R.G.); (S.M.)
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2
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Głowienka-Stodolak M, Bagińska-Drabiuk K, Szubert S, Hennig EE, Horala A, Dąbrowska M, Micek M, Ciebiera M, Zeber-Lubecka N. Human Papillomavirus Infections and the Role Played by Cervical and Cervico-Vaginal Microbiota-Evidence from Next-Generation Sequencing Studies. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:399. [PMID: 38254888 PMCID: PMC10814012 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16020399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
This comprehensive review encompasses studies examining changes in the cervical and cervico-vaginal microbiota (CM and CVM) in relation to human papillomavirus (HPV) using next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology. HPV infection remains a prominent global health concern, with a spectrum of manifestations, from benign lesions to life-threatening cervical cancers. The CM and CVM, a unique collection of microorganisms inhabiting the cervix/vagina, has emerged as a critical player in cervical health. Recent research has indicated that disruptions in the CM and CVM, characterized by a decrease in Lactobacillus and the overgrowth of other bacteria, might increase the risk of HPV persistence and the progression of cervical abnormalities. This alteration in the CM or CVM has been linked to a higher likelihood of HPV infection and cervical dysplasia. NGS technology has revolutionized the study of the cervical microbiome, providing insights into microbial diversity, dynamics, and taxonomic classifications. Bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequencing, has proven invaluable in characterizing the cervical microbiome, shedding light on its role in HPV infections and paving the way for more tailored strategies to combat cervical diseases. NGS-based studies offer personalized insights into an individual's cervical microbiome. This knowledge holds promise for the development of novel diagnostic tools, targeted therapies, and preventive interventions for cervix-related conditions, including cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Głowienka-Stodolak
- Department of Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781Warsaw, Poland; (M.G.-S.); (K.B.-D.); (E.E.H.); (M.D.)
| | - Katarzyna Bagińska-Drabiuk
- Department of Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781Warsaw, Poland; (M.G.-S.); (K.B.-D.); (E.E.H.); (M.D.)
| | - Sebastian Szubert
- Division of Gynaecological Oncology, Department of Gynaecology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland; (S.S.); (A.H.)
| | - Ewa E. Hennig
- Department of Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781Warsaw, Poland; (M.G.-S.); (K.B.-D.); (E.E.H.); (M.D.)
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Clinical Oncology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Horala
- Division of Gynaecological Oncology, Department of Gynaecology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland; (S.S.); (A.H.)
| | - Michalina Dąbrowska
- Department of Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781Warsaw, Poland; (M.G.-S.); (K.B.-D.); (E.E.H.); (M.D.)
| | - Martyna Micek
- Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 00-189 Warsaw, Poland; (M.M.); (M.C.)
- Warsaw Institute of Women’s Health, 00-189 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Ciebiera
- Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 00-189 Warsaw, Poland; (M.M.); (M.C.)
- Warsaw Institute of Women’s Health, 00-189 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Natalia Zeber-Lubecka
- Department of Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781Warsaw, Poland; (M.G.-S.); (K.B.-D.); (E.E.H.); (M.D.)
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Clinical Oncology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland
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3
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Shah A, Sanders C, Difilippantonio S, Edmondson E, Dobrovolskaia MA. Analysis of Nanoparticles' Effects on Drug-Induced Psoriasis. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2789:129-135. [PMID: 38506998 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3786-9_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Psoriasis, an auto-inflammatory disorder, has major manifestations in the skin but can affect other organs. Currently, this condition has no cure, and the treatments include anti-inflammatory medications. Nanoparticles are widely used for drug delivery and have found successful applications in therapy for cancer and infectious diseases. Nanoparticles can also be used to deliver anti-inflammatory drugs to sites of inflammation. Moreover, some nanotechnology platforms possess intrinsic anti-inflammatory properties and may benefit the therapy of inflammation-driven disorders. Herein, we present a protocol to study nanotechnology concepts' anti-inflammatory properties in a chemically-induced psoriasis model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Shah
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Chelsea Sanders
- Animal Research Technical Support, Laboratory of Animal Sciences Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Simone Difilippantonio
- Animal Research Technical Support, Laboratory of Animal Sciences Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Elijah Edmondson
- Molecular Histopathology Laboratory, Laboratory of Animal Sciences Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Marina A Dobrovolskaia
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA.
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4
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Englert KA, Dyduch G, Kłosowicz A, Spałkowska M, Jaworek AK, Migacz-Gruszka K, Jarosz-Chudek A, Mercuri SR, Szpor J, Mazzoccoli G, Damiani G, Wojas-Pelc A. Cutaneous Toll-like Receptor 9 Pre-Defines Hydroxychloroquine Dosage in Patients with Both Discoid and Subacute Lupus Erythematosus. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:2022. [PMID: 38004071 PMCID: PMC10673105 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59112022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) presents clinically heterogeneous manifestations, partially explained by the different expression of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) type 8 and 9, located to endosomal compartments where they are poised to recognize microbial nucleic acids. This disease is empirically treated with hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), which is hallmarked with a safe and effective profile, but induces a slow and sometimes clinically insufficient therapeutic response. Currently, no biomarkers predictive of response are validated or even proposed in the scientific literature. We aimed to evaluate endosomal TLR type 7, 8 and 9 as predictive biomarkers of HCQ efficacy. Materials and Methods: We conducted a case-control study comparing CLE patients retrospectively assigned to three subgroups based on 3-6-month Cutaneous LE Disease Area and Severity Index (CLASI) reduction upon treatment with HCQ (I = <40% vs. II = 40-80% vs. III = >80%). Before HCQ, lesional skin specimens were collected in untreated CLE and through immunohistochemistry; TLR-7, -8 and -9 expression was evaluated in the epidermis and the lymphocytic infiltrate was evaluated in the dermis. Results: Sixty-six lesional skin biopsies were compared with healthy controls. CLE patients displayed lower epidermal expression of total TLR 8 and 9 as well as infiltrating TLR-8, TLR9 + lymphocytes compared to controls. High HCQ responders differed from low responders for TLR-9 positivity (high vs. low) and for the lymphocytic dermal infiltrate (high vs. low). Conclusions: TLR9 could be envisaged as a possible biomarker to predict HCQ response level and dosage in CLE patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina A. Englert
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital in Krakow, 31-501 Kraków, Poland; (K.A.E.); (A.K.); (M.S.); (A.K.J.); (K.M.-G.); (A.J.-C.); (A.W.-P.)
| | - Grzegorz Dyduch
- Department of Pathomorphology, Jagiellonian University Medical College in Krakow, 33-332 Kraków, Poland; (G.D.); (J.S.)
| | - Agata Kłosowicz
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital in Krakow, 31-501 Kraków, Poland; (K.A.E.); (A.K.); (M.S.); (A.K.J.); (K.M.-G.); (A.J.-C.); (A.W.-P.)
| | - Magdalena Spałkowska
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital in Krakow, 31-501 Kraków, Poland; (K.A.E.); (A.K.); (M.S.); (A.K.J.); (K.M.-G.); (A.J.-C.); (A.W.-P.)
| | - Andrzej Kazimierz Jaworek
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital in Krakow, 31-501 Kraków, Poland; (K.A.E.); (A.K.); (M.S.); (A.K.J.); (K.M.-G.); (A.J.-C.); (A.W.-P.)
| | - Kamila Migacz-Gruszka
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital in Krakow, 31-501 Kraków, Poland; (K.A.E.); (A.K.); (M.S.); (A.K.J.); (K.M.-G.); (A.J.-C.); (A.W.-P.)
| | - Aleksandra Jarosz-Chudek
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital in Krakow, 31-501 Kraków, Poland; (K.A.E.); (A.K.); (M.S.); (A.K.J.); (K.M.-G.); (A.J.-C.); (A.W.-P.)
| | - Santo Raffaele Mercuri
- Unit of Dermatology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, 20132 Milan, Italy;
- Italian Center of Precision Medicine and Chronic Inflammation, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Joanna Szpor
- Department of Pathomorphology, Jagiellonian University Medical College in Krakow, 33-332 Kraków, Poland; (G.D.); (J.S.)
| | - Gianluigi Mazzoccoli
- Division of Internal Medicine and Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Fondazione IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Giovanni Damiani
- Unit of Dermatology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, 20132 Milan, Italy;
- Italian Center of Precision Medicine and Chronic Inflammation, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Wojas-Pelc
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital in Krakow, 31-501 Kraków, Poland; (K.A.E.); (A.K.); (M.S.); (A.K.J.); (K.M.-G.); (A.J.-C.); (A.W.-P.)
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Mantovani S, Oliviero B, Varchetta S, Renieri A, Mondelli MU. TLRs: Innate Immune Sentries against SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098065. [PMID: 37175768 PMCID: PMC10178469 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has been responsible for a devastating pandemic since March 2020. Toll-like receptors (TLRs), crucial components in the initiation of innate immune responses to different pathogens, trigger the downstream production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, interferons, and other mediators. It has been demonstrated that they contribute to the dysregulated immune response observed in patients with severe COVID-19. TLR2, TLR3, TLR4 and TLR7 have been associated with COVID-19 severity. Here, we review the role of TLRs in the etiology and pathogenesis of COVID-19, including TLR7 and TLR3 rare variants, the L412F polymorphism in TLR3 that negatively regulates anti-SARS-CoV-2 immune responses, the TLR3-related cellular senescence, the interaction of TLR2 and TLR4 with SARS-CoV-2 proteins and implication of TLR2 in NET formation by SARS-CoV-2. The activation of TLRs contributes to viral clearance and disease resolution. However, TLRs may represent a double-edged sword which may elicit dysregulated immune signaling, leading to the production of proinflammatory mediators, resulting in severe disease. TLR-dependent excessive inflammation and TLR-dependent antiviral response may tip the balance towards the former or the latter, altering the equilibrium that drives the severity of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Mantovani
- Department of Research, Division of Clinical Immunology-Infectious Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Barbara Oliviero
- Department of Research, Division of Clinical Immunology-Infectious Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Stefania Varchetta
- Department of Research, Division of Clinical Immunology-Infectious Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Alessandra Renieri
- Medical Genetics, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
- Med Biotech Hub and Competence Center, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
- Genetica Medica, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Senese, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Mario U Mondelli
- Department of Research, Division of Clinical Immunology-Infectious Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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6
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Shahine Y, El-Aal SAA, Reda AM, Sheta E, Atia NM, Abdallah OY, Ibrahim SSA. Diosmin nanocrystal gel alleviates imiquimod-induced psoriasis in rats via modulating TLR7,8/NF-κB/micro RNA-31, AKT/mTOR/P70S6K milieu, and Tregs/Th17 balance. Inflammopharmacology 2023; 31:1341-1359. [PMID: 37010718 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01198-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
Diosmin is a flavonoid with promising anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. However, it has difficult physicochemical characteristics since its solubility demands a pH level of 12, which has an impact on the drug's bioavailability. The aim of this work is the development and characterization of diosmin nanocrystals using anti-solvent precipitation technique to be used for topical treatment of psoriasis. Results revealed that diosmin nanocrystals stabilized with hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC E15) in ratio (diosmin:polymer; 1:1) reached the desired particle size (276.9 ± 16.49 nm); provided promising colloidal properties and possessed high drug release profile. Additionally, in-vivo assessment was carried out to evaluate and compare the activities of diosmin nanocrystal gel using three different doses and diosmin powder gel in alleviating imiquimod-induced psoriasis in rats and investigating their possible anti-inflammatory mechanisms. Herein, 125 mg of 5% imiquimod cream (IMQ) was applied topically for 5 consecutive days on the shaved backs of rats to induce psoriasis. Diosmin nanocrystal gel especially in the highest dose used offered the best anti-inflammatory effect. This was confirmed by causing the most statistically significant reduction in the psoriasis area severity index (PASI) score and the serum inflammatory cytokines levels. Furthermore, it was capable of maintaining the balance between T helper (Th17) and T regulatory (Treg) cells. Moreover, it tackled TLR7/8/NF-κB, miRNA-31, AKT/mTOR/P70S6K and elevated the TNFAIP3/A20 (a negative regulator of NF-κB) expression in psoriatic skin tissues. This highlights the role of diosmin nanocrystal gel in tackling imiquimod-induced psoriasis in rats, and thus it could be a novel promising therapy for psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmine Shahine
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Sarah A Abd El-Aal
- Department of Pharmacy, Kut University College, Al Kut, Wasit, 52001, Iraq
| | - Ahmed M Reda
- Department of Pharmacy, Kut University College, Al Kut, Wasit, 52001, Iraq
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Badr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eman Sheta
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Nouran M Atia
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ossama Y Abdallah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Sherihan Salaheldin Abdelhamid Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharos University in Alexandria (PUA), Canal El- Mahmoudia Street, Smouha, Alexandria, Egypt.
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7
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Impact of Obesity on the IL-6 Immune Marker and Th17 Immune Cells in C57BL/6 Mice Models with Imiquimod-Induced Psoriasis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065592. [PMID: 36982669 PMCID: PMC10059802 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Obese psoriatic patients experience higher disease severity and exhibit poorer treatment responses and clinical outcomes. It has been proposed that proinflammatory cytokines produced by adipose tissue exacerbate psoriasis; however, the role of obesity in psoriasis remains unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the role of obesity in the pathogenesis of psoriasis, focusing on immunological changes. To induce obesity, mice were fed a high-fat diet for 20 weeks. We then applied imiquimod to the skin on a mouse’s back for seven consecutive days to induce psoriasis and scored lesion severity every day for seven days. Cytokine levels in serum and the Th17 cell population in the spleen and draining lymph nodes were studied to identify immunological differences. The clinical severity was more remarkable, and histologically the epidermis was also significantly thicker in the obese group. Increased levels of IL-6 and TNF-α were observed in serum after psoriasis. They were elevated to a greater degree, with greater expansion of the functional Th17 cell population in the obese group. It is concluded that obesity could exacerbate psoriasis through mechanisms that involve elevated proinflammatory cytokine secretion and an expanded Th17 cell population.
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8
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Li N, Huang C, Chen W, Li Z, Hu G, Li G, Liu P, Hu R, Zhuang Y, Luo J, Gao X, Guo X. Nephropathogenic Infectious Bronchitis Virus Mediates Kidney Injury in Chickens via the TLR7/NF-κB Signaling Axis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:865283. [PMID: 35402297 PMCID: PMC8983847 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.865283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Nephropathogenic infectious bronchitis virus (NIBV) is one of the most important viral pathogens in the world poultry industry. Here, we used RT–qPCR, WB and immunofluorescence to explore the interaction between NIBV and the host innate immune system of the kidney. Multiple virions were found in the kidney tissues of the disease group under electron microscopy, and pathological changes such as structural damage of renal tubules and bleeding were observed by HE staining. In addition, we found that the mRNA levels of TLR7, TRAF6, and IKKβ were upregulated after NIBV infection. IRF7 mRNA levels decreased significantly at 5 dpi and increased significantly at 11 to 18 dpi. The NF-κB P65 mRNA level increased significantly at 5 to 18 dpi and decreased at 28 dpi. However, NIBV infection-induced NF-κB P65 protein levels were downregulated at multiple time points. Moreover, we demonstrated that the cytokine (IFN-γ, IL-8, and IL-6) mRNA and protein expression levels were increased significantly at multiple time points after NIBV infection. Furthermore, immunofluorescence analysis showed that NF-κB P65 and IFN-γ were mainly located in the nuclear or perinuclear region. The positive signal intensity of NF-κB P65 was significantly lower than that of the normal group at 1 to 5 dpi, and there was no significant change in the subsequent time period. The positive signal intensity of IFN-γ decreased significantly at 5 dpi, and increased significantly at 11 to 28 dpi. In conclusion, we found that NIBV promoted cytokine release through the TLR7/NF-κB signaling axis, thus causing kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xiaona Gao
- *Correspondence: Xiaoquan Guo, ; Xiaona Gao,
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9
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Sylviningrum T, Wasita B, Purwanto B, Kariosentono H, Soetrisno S. Indonesian Ciplukan Extract Inhibited TGF-β1/NF-κB Pathway in Experimental Psoriasis Mouse Models. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2022.9913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background:The global prevalence of psoriasis, a chronic inflammatory skin disease, has substantially increased in the last decade. The increase activity of Transforming Growth Factor ß1 (TGFß1)/nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) pathway which cause inflammation, is the major pathological mechanism in psoriasis. Current psoriasis treatment using chemical agents is hampered by the side-effects when used long-term, which underlines the need for alternative, low side-effect anti-psoriatic agents. The extract of Physalis angulata L., also known as Ciplukan in Indonesia, contains Physalins, compounds known for their anti-inflammatory effects, but whose effect on psoriasis has not been studied.
Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effect of Ciplukan extract (CE) to TGFß1/NF-κB pathway in psoriasis mouse models.
Methods: This was experimental study with posttest-only control group design. The CE active ingredients were identified using Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Twenty-five female imiquimod (IMQ) induced psoriasis-like dermatitis mice were allocated into five groups, with three groups receiving 7 days of 400, 800, and 1200 mg/kg bodyweight doses of CE, respectively, and two groups serving as control and IMQ groups. The NF-κB and TGFß1 expressions were evaluated using Allred score based on immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining. Histopathology and clinical psoriasis manifestations were assessed using Baker’s from Hematoxylin Eosin (HE) staining and Psoriasis Area Severity Index (PASI) scores. The Kruskal-Wallis followed by Mann Whitney tests were conducted for data analysis. The p-value < 0.05 was considered to be statistically different.
Results: Based on LC-MS/MS test, Physalin B, D, and F were active ingredients from CE in ethyl acetate solution. An improvement in psoriasis inflammation was observed in 400 and 800 mg/kg bodyweight doses of CE, but only the dosage of 800 mg/kg BW significantly decreased of Allred scores from NF-κB and TGFß1 expressions; Baker’s and PASI scores compared to IMQ group (p<0.05). The 1200 mg/kg bodyweight doses of CE associated with acute toxicity signs and mortality, meanwhile dosage of 800 mg/kg BW showed the highest efficacy with lowest toxicity effect.
Conclusions: Ciplukan extract improved psoriasis manifestations via inhibition effect to TGFß1/NF-κB pathway and the extract might be developed as an alternative anti-psoriasis agent
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10
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Swain N, Tripathy A, Padhan P, Raghav SK, Gupta B. Toll-like receptor-7 activation in CD8+ T cells modulates inflammatory mediators in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatol Int 2022; 42:1235-1245. [PMID: 35142867 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-021-05050-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disorder of unknown etiology with aberrant immunological responses leading to inflammation, swelling and pain of the joints. CD8+ T cells have been known to be one of the major immune modulators in the progression of RA and the presence of toll-like receptors (TLRs) on these cells further accentuate their role in RA. Herein, we report an increased expression of TLR7 in the endosomes of CD8+ T cells of RA patients correlating with disease severity. The stimulation of TLR7 with Imiquimod (IMQ) in these CD8+ T cells drives the signalling cascade via NFkB and pERK activation and hence an increase in the mRNA transcripts of signature cytokines and cytolytic enzymes. However, a parallel synthesis of Tristetraprolin (TTP), an mRNA destabilizing protein prevents the translation of the mRNA transcripts, leading to a rapid degeneration of the target mRNA. We thus report that a direct TLR7 ligation by its agonist increases cytokine transcript signature but not an equivalent protein surge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitish Swain
- Disease Biology Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India
| | - Archana Tripathy
- Disease Biology Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India
| | - Prasanta Padhan
- Department of Rheumatology, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Sunil K Raghav
- Laboratory of Immuno-Genomics and Systems Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Bhawna Gupta
- Disease Biology Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India.
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11
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Cho KA, Cha JE, Kim J, Kim YH, Ryu KH, Woo SY. Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes Attenuate TLR7-Mediated Mast Cell Activation. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2022; 19:117-129. [PMID: 34792754 PMCID: PMC8782981 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-021-00395-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mast cells are immune sentinels in the skin that respond to a wide range of pathological and environmental stimuli; they owe their function to the expression of Toll-like receptors (TLRs). We previously found that tonsil-derived mesenchymal stem cells (T-MSCs) were able to effectively attenuate TLR7-mediated skin inflammation in mice, which was accompanied by an increase in mast cell number. The present study investigated whether T-MSC extracellular vesicles, such as exosomes, are able to regulate mast cell activation in response to TLR7 stimulation. METHODS The HMC-1 human mast cell line was treated with a TLR7 agonist in the presence or absence of T-MSC exosomes, and the levels of expressed inflammatory cytokines were assessed. Additionally, mice were repeatedly injected with a TLR7 agonist with or without interval treatments with T-MSC exosomes and assessed dermal distribution of mast cells and related immune cells. RESULTS We showed that T-MSC exosomes containing microRNAs that target inflammatory cytokines significantly reduced the expression of inflammatory cytokines in TLR7 agonist-treated HMC-1 cells. In addition, T-MSC exosomes inhibited the increase in the number of both dermal mast cells and CD14-positive cells in TLR7 agonist-treated mice. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that T-MSC exosomes have regulatory effects on mast cell activation under inflammatory conditions, including TLR7 stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Ah Cho
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, 25, Magokdong-ro 2-gil, Gangseo-gu, Seoul, 07804, Republic of Korea
| | - Je-Eun Cha
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, 25, Magokdong-ro 2-gil, Gangseo-gu, Seoul, 07804, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungwoo Kim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, 25, Magokdong-ro 2-gil, Gangseo-gu, Seoul, 07804, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Hee Kim
- Advanced Biomedical Research Institute, Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital, Gangseo-Gu, Seoul, 07804, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Ha Ryu
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 07804, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Youn Woo
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, 25, Magokdong-ro 2-gil, Gangseo-gu, Seoul, 07804, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Ng JW, Chong ETJ, Lee PC. An Updated Review on the Role of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in COVID-19 Disease Severity: A Global Aspect. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2022; 23:1596-1611. [DOI: 10.2174/1389201023666220114162347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and recently has become a serious global pandemic. Age, gender, and comorbidities are known to be common risk factors for severe COVID-19 but are not enough to fully explain the magnitude of their effect on the risk of severity of the disease. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in several genes have been reported as a genetic factor contributing to COVID-19 severity. This comprehensive review focuses on the association between SNPs in four important genes and COVID-19 severity in a global aspect. We discuss a total of 39 SNPs in this review: five SNPs in the ABO gene, nine SNPs in the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) gene, 19 SNPs in the transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) gene, and six SNPs in the toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) gene. These SNPs data could assist in monitoring an individual's risk of severe COVID-19 disease, and therefore personalized management and pharmaceutical treatment could be planned in COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wei Ng
- Biotechnology Programme, Faculty of Science and Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia, Sabah, Jalan UMS, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Eric Tzyy Jiann Chong
- Biotechnology Programme, Faculty of Science and Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia, Sabah, Jalan UMS, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Ping-Chin Lee
- Biotechnology Programme, Faculty of Science and Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia, Sabah, Jalan UMS, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia;
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia
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13
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Merecz-Sadowska A, Sitarek P, Zajdel K, Kucharska E, Kowalczyk T, Zajdel R. The Modulatory Influence of Plant-Derived Compounds on Human Keratinocyte Function. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12488. [PMID: 34830374 PMCID: PMC8618348 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The plant kingdom is a rich source of secondary metabolites with numerous properties, including the potential to modify keratinocyte biology. Keratinocytes are important epithelial cells that play a protective role against various chemical, physical and biological stimuli, and participate in reactive oxygen scavenging and inflammation and wound healing processes. The epidermal cell response may be modulated by phytochemicals via changes in signal transduction pathways. Plant extracts and single secondary compounds can possess a high antioxidant capacity and may suppress reactive oxygen species release, inhibit pro-apoptotic proteins and apoptosis and activate antioxidant enzymes in keratinocytes. Moreover, selected plant extracts and single compounds also exhibit anti-inflammatory properties and exposure may result in limited production of adhesion molecules, pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in keratinocytes. In addition, plant extracts and single compounds may promote keratinocyte motility and proliferation via the regulation of growth factor production and enhance wound healing. While such plant compounds may modulate keratinocyte functions, further in vitro and in vivo studies are needed on their mechanisms of action, and more specific toxicity and clinical studies are needed to ensure their effectiveness and safety for use on human skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Merecz-Sadowska
- Department of Computer Science in Economics, University of Lodz, 90-214 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Przemysław Sitarek
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Lodz, 90-151 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Karolina Zajdel
- Department of Medical Informatics and Statistics, Medical University of Lodz, 90-645 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Ewa Kucharska
- Chair of Gerontology, Geriatrics and Social Work at the Faculty of Pedagogy, Ignatianum Academy in Cracow, 31-501 Cracow, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Kowalczyk
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Genetics, University of Lodz, 90-237 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Radosław Zajdel
- Department of Computer Science in Economics, University of Lodz, 90-214 Lodz, Poland;
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14
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Mercurio L, Morelli M, Scarponi C, Scaglione GL, Pallotta S, Albanesi C, Madonna S. PI3Kδ Sustains Keratinocyte Hyperproliferation and Epithelial Inflammation: Implications for a Topically Druggable Target in Psoriasis. Cells 2021; 10:2636. [PMID: 34685616 PMCID: PMC8534452 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-dependent signaling pathway is aberrantly activated in psoriatic lesions and contributes to disease pathogenesis. Among PI3Ks enzymes, PI3Kα, β, and δ isoforms are known to bind the p85 regulatory subunit and mediate activation of AKT and other downstream effectors. In this study, we deepened our understanding of the expression and function of PI3Kδ in skin lesions of patients affected by psoriasis. For the first time, we found that PI3Kδ is overexpressed in psoriatic plaques, and its expression is not only confined to infiltrating immune cells but also accumulates in proliferating keratinocytes of the epidermal basal layer. We investigated the function of PI3Kδ in psoriatic skin by evaluating the impact of seletalisib, a newly developed selective PI3Kδ inhibitor, in both in vitro and in vivo experimental models of psoriasis. Of note, we found that PI3Kδ sustains keratinocyte hyperproliferation and impaired terminal differentiation induced by IL-22, as well as induces epithelial inflammation and resistance to apoptosis mediated by TNF-α in human keratinocytes. Mechanistically, PI3Kδ promotes PDK1 phosphorylation and signals through AKT-dependent or -independent pathways. It is worth mentioning that PI3Kδ inhibition by seletalisib attenuates the severity of psoriasiform phenotype induced in the Imiquimod-induced mouse model of psoriasis by restoring the physiological proliferation and differentiation programs in epidermal keratinocytes and contrasting the cutaneous inflammatory responses. Therefore, we suggest PI3Kδ as a potential topically druggable target in psoriasis and skin diseases characterized by epidermal hyperproliferation and skin inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Mercurio
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Istituto Dermopatico dell’Immacolata IDI-IRCCS, Via Monti di Creta, 104, 00167 Rome, Italy; (M.M.); (C.S.); (G.L.S.); (C.A.); (S.M.)
| | - Martina Morelli
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Istituto Dermopatico dell’Immacolata IDI-IRCCS, Via Monti di Creta, 104, 00167 Rome, Italy; (M.M.); (C.S.); (G.L.S.); (C.A.); (S.M.)
| | - Claudia Scarponi
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Istituto Dermopatico dell’Immacolata IDI-IRCCS, Via Monti di Creta, 104, 00167 Rome, Italy; (M.M.); (C.S.); (G.L.S.); (C.A.); (S.M.)
| | - Giovanni Luca Scaglione
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Istituto Dermopatico dell’Immacolata IDI-IRCCS, Via Monti di Creta, 104, 00167 Rome, Italy; (M.M.); (C.S.); (G.L.S.); (C.A.); (S.M.)
| | - Sabatino Pallotta
- Integrated Center for Research in Psoriasis (CRI-PSO), Istituto Dermopatico dell’Immacolata IDI-IRCCS, Via Monti di Creta, 104, 00167 Rome, Italy;
| | - Cristina Albanesi
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Istituto Dermopatico dell’Immacolata IDI-IRCCS, Via Monti di Creta, 104, 00167 Rome, Italy; (M.M.); (C.S.); (G.L.S.); (C.A.); (S.M.)
- Integrated Center for Research in Psoriasis (CRI-PSO), Istituto Dermopatico dell’Immacolata IDI-IRCCS, Via Monti di Creta, 104, 00167 Rome, Italy;
| | - Stefania Madonna
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Istituto Dermopatico dell’Immacolata IDI-IRCCS, Via Monti di Creta, 104, 00167 Rome, Italy; (M.M.); (C.S.); (G.L.S.); (C.A.); (S.M.)
- Integrated Center for Research in Psoriasis (CRI-PSO), Istituto Dermopatico dell’Immacolata IDI-IRCCS, Via Monti di Creta, 104, 00167 Rome, Italy;
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15
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Szeto MD, Maghfour J, Sivesind TE, Anderson J, Olayinka JT, Mamo A, Runion TM, Dellavalle RP. Interferon and Toll-Like Receptor 7 Response in COVID-19: Implications of Topical Imiquimod for Prophylaxis and Treatment. Dermatology 2021; 237:847-856. [PMID: 34511591 PMCID: PMC8450856 DOI: 10.1159/000518471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The innate immune system is recognized as an essential aspect of COVID-19 pathogenesis. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are important in inducing antiviral response, triggering downstream production of interferons (IFNs). Certain loss-of-function variants in TLR7 are associated with increased COVID-19 disease severity, and imiquimod (ImiQ) is known to have immunomodulating effects as an agonist of TLR7. Given that topical imiquimod (topImiQ) is indicated for various dermatologic conditions, it is necessary for dermatologists to understand the interplay between innate immunity mechanisms and the potential role of ImiQ in COVID-19, with a particular focus on TLR7. SUMMARY Our objective was to survey recent peer-reviewed scientific literature in the PubMed database, examine relevant evidence, and elucidate the relationships between IFNs, TLR7, the innate immune system, and topImiQ in the context of COVID-19. Despite limited studies on this topic, current evidence supports the critical role of TLRs in mounting a strong immune response against COVID-19. Of particular interest to dermatologists, topImiQ can result in systemic upregulation of the immune system via activation of TLR7. Key Message: Given the role of TLR7 in the systemic activation of the immune system, ImiQ, as a ligand of the TLR7 receptor, may have potential therapeutic benefit as a topical immunomodulatory treatment for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mindy D Szeto
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Jalal Maghfour
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA,
| | - Torunn E Sivesind
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Jarett Anderson
- Arizona College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, Arizona, USA
| | - Jadesola T Olayinka
- College of Medicine, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Andrina Mamo
- School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Taylor M Runion
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Rocky Vista University, Parker, Colorado, USA
| | - Robert P Dellavalle
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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16
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Reis J, van de Veerdonk FL, Carvalho A, Fernandes A, Machado S. The potential role for topical imiquimod in the treatment of chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis caused by gain-of-function mutation in STAT1: A case-report. Dermatol Ther 2021; 34:e15043. [PMID: 34176198 DOI: 10.1111/dth.15043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joel Reis
- Department of Dermatology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Frank L van de Veerdonk
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Agostinho Carvalho
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães/Braga, Portugal
| | - Alexandre Fernandes
- Department of Pediatric, Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunodeficiencies Unit, Centro Materno-Infantil do Norte, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Susana Machado
- Department of Dermatology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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17
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Dyavar SR, Singh R, Emani R, Pawar GP, Chaudhari VD, Podany AT, Avedissian SN, Fletcher CV, Salunke DB. Role of toll-like receptor 7/8 pathways in regulation of interferon response and inflammatory mediators during SARS-CoV2 infection and potential therapeutic options. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 141:111794. [PMID: 34153851 PMCID: PMC8189763 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) is the causative agent of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Lower production of type I and III interferons and higher levels of inflammatory mediators upon SARS-CoV2 infection contribute to COVID-19 pathogenesis. Optimal interferon production and controlled inflammation are essential to limit COVID-19 pathogenesis. However, the aggravated inflammatory response observed in COVID-19 patients causes severe damage to the host and frequently advances to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Toll-like receptor 7 and 8 (TLR7/8) signaling pathways play a central role in regulating induction of interferons (IFNs) and inflammatory mediators in dendritic cells. Controlled inflammation is possible through regulation of TLR mediated response without influencing interferon production to reduce COVID-19 pathogenesis. This review focuses on inflammatory mediators that contribute to pathogenic effects and the role of TLR pathways in the induction of interferon and inflammatory mediators and their contribution to COVID-19 pathogenesis. We conclude that potential TLR7/8 agonists inducing antiviral interferon response and controlling inflammation are important therapeutic options to effectively eliminate SARS-CoV2 induced pathogenesis. Ongoing and future studies may provide additional evidence on their safety and efficacy to treat COVID-19 pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shetty Ravi Dyavar
- University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC) Center for Drug Discovery, UNMC, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
| | - Rahul Singh
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Rohini Emani
- Buck Institute for Research on Ageing, Novato, CA, USA
| | - Ganesh P Pawar
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, CSIR-Institute of Microbiology Technology Chandigarh, Sector-39A, Chandigarh,160036, India
| | - Vinod D Chaudhari
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, CSIR-Institute of Microbiology Technology Chandigarh, Sector-39A, Chandigarh,160036, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Anthony T Podany
- University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC) Center for Drug Discovery, UNMC, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Sean N Avedissian
- University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC) Center for Drug Discovery, UNMC, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Courtney V Fletcher
- University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC) Center for Drug Discovery, UNMC, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Deepak B Salunke
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India; National Interdisciplinary Centre of Vaccine, Immunotherapeutics and Antimicrobials, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
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18
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Moreno-Sosa T, Sánchez MB, Pietrobon EO, Fernandez-Muñoz JM, Zoppino FCM, Neira FJ, Germanó MJ, Cargnelutti DE, Innocenti AC, Jahn GA, Valdez SR, Mackern-Oberti JP. Desmoglein-4 Deficiency Exacerbates Psoriasiform Dermatitis in Rats While Psoriasis Patients Displayed a Decreased Gene Expression of DSG4. Front Immunol 2021; 12:625617. [PMID: 33995349 PMCID: PMC8116535 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.625617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Desmogleins are involved in cell adhesion conferring structural skin integrity. However, their role in inflammation has been barely studied, and whether desmoglein-4 modulates psoriasis lesions is completely unknown. In this study, we assessed the impact of desmoglein-4 deficiency on the severity of imiquimod (IMQ)-induced skin inflammation and psoriasiform lesions. To this end, desmoglein-4-/- Oncins France Colony A (OFA) with Sprague-Dawley (SD) genetic background were used. Additionally, human RNA-Seq datasets from psoriasis (PSO), atopic dermatitis (AD), and a healthy cohort were analyzed to obtain a desmosome gene expression overview. OFA rats displayed an intense skin inflammation while SD showed only mild inflammatory changes after IMQ treatment. We found that IMQ treatment increased CD3+ T cells in skin from both OFA and SD, being higher in desmoglein-4-deficient rats. In-depth transcriptomic analysis determined that PSO displayed twofold less DSG4 expression than healthy samples while both, PSO and AD showed more than three-fold change expression of DSG3 and DSC2 genes. Although underlying mechanisms are still unknown, these results suggest that the lack of desmoglein-4 may contribute to immune-mediated skin disease progression, promoting leukocyte recruitment to skin. Although further research is needed, targeting desmoglein-4 could have a potential impact on designing new biomarkers for skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Moreno-Sosa
- Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - María Belén Sánchez
- Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Elisa Olivia Pietrobon
- Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
- Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Juan Manuel Fernandez-Muñoz
- Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | | | - Flavia Judith Neira
- Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - María José Germanó
- Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Diego Esteban Cargnelutti
- Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | | | - Graciela Alma Jahn
- Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Susana Ruth Valdez
- Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Juan Pablo Mackern-Oberti
- Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
- Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
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19
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Braegelmann C, Fetter T, Niebel D, Dietz L, Bieber T, Wenzel J. Immunostimulatory Endogenous Nucleic Acids Perpetuate Interface Dermatitis-Translation of Pathogenic Fundamentals Into an In Vitro Model. Front Immunol 2021; 11:622511. [PMID: 33505404 PMCID: PMC7831152 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.622511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Interface dermatitis is a histopathological pattern mirroring a distinct cytotoxic immune response shared by a number of clinically diverse inflammatory skin diseases amongst which lichen planus and cutaneous lupus erythematosus are considered prototypic. Interface dermatitis is characterized by pronounced cytotoxic immune cell infiltration and necroptotic keratinocytes at the dermoepidermal junction. The initial inflammatory reaction is established by cytotoxic immune cells that express CXC chemokine receptor 3 and lesional keratinocytes that produce corresponding ligands, CXC motif ligands 9/10/11, recruiting the effector cells to the site of inflammation. During the resulting anti-epithelial attack, endogenous immune complexes and nucleic acids are released from perishing keratinocytes, which are then perceived by the innate immune system as danger signals. Keratinocytes express a distinct signature of pattern recognition receptors and binding of endogenous nucleic acid motifs to these receptors results in interferon-mediated immune responses and further enhancement of CXC chemokine receptor 3 ligand production. In this perspective article, we will discuss the role of innate nucleic acid sensing as a common mechanism in the perpetuation of clinically heterogeneous diseases featuring interface dermatitis based on own data and a review of the literature. Furthermore, we will introduce a keratinocyte-specific in vitro model of interface dermatitis as follows: Stimulation of human keratinocytes with endogenous nucleic acids alone and in combination with interferon gamma leads to pronounced production of distinct cytokines, which are essential in the pathogenesis of interface dermatitis. This experimental approach bears the capability to investigate potential therapeutics in this group of diseases with unmet medical need.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tanja Fetter
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Dennis Niebel
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Lara Dietz
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Thomas Bieber
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Joerg Wenzel
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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20
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Piipponen M, Li D, Landén NX. The Immune Functions of Keratinocytes in Skin Wound Healing. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8790. [PMID: 33233704 PMCID: PMC7699912 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
As the most dominant cell type in the skin, keratinocytes play critical roles in wound repair not only as structural cells but also exerting important immune functions. This review focuses on the communications between keratinocytes and immune cells in wound healing, which are mediated by various cytokines, chemokines, and extracellular vesicles. Keratinocytes can also directly interact with T cells via antigen presentation. Moreover, keratinocytes produce antimicrobial peptides that can directly kill the invading pathogens and contribute to wound repair in many aspects. We also reviewed the epigenetic mechanisms known to regulate keratinocyte immune functions, including histone modifications, non-protein-coding RNAs (e.g., microRNAs, and long noncoding RNAs), and chromatin dynamics. Lastly, we summarized the current evidence on the dysregulated immune functions of keratinocytes in chronic nonhealing wounds. Based on their crucial immune functions in skin wound healing, we propose that keratinocytes significantly contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic wound inflammation. We hope this review will trigger an interest in investigating the immune roles of keratinocytes in chronic wound pathology, which may open up new avenues for developing innovative wound treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ning Xu Landén
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Ming Wai Lau Centre for Reparative Medicine, Department of Medicine Solna, Dermatology and Venereology Division, Karolinska Institute, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden; (M.P.); (D.L.)
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Evans EA, Sayers SR, Kodji X, Xia Y, Shaikh M, Rizvi A, Frame J, Brain SD, Philpott MP, Hannen RF, Caton PW. Psoriatic skin inflammation induces a pre-diabetic phenotype via the endocrine actions of skin secretome. Mol Metab 2020; 41:101047. [PMID: 32599074 PMCID: PMC7452265 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.101047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that is thought to affect ∼2% of the global population. Psoriasis has been associated with ∼30% increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D), with numerous studies reporting that psoriasis is an independent risk-factor for T2D, separate from underlying obesity. Separately, studies of skin-specific transgenic mice have reported altered whole-body glucose homeostasis in these models. These studies imply a direct role for skin inflammation and dysfunction in mediating the onset of T2D in psoriasis patients, potentially via the endocrine effects of the skin secretome on key metabolic tissues. We used a combination of in vivo and ex vivo mouse models and ex vivo human imiquimod (IMQ) models to investigate the effects of psoriasis-mediated changes in the skin secretome on whole-body metabolic function. METHODS To induce psoriatic skin inflammation, mice were topically administered 75 mg of 5% IMQ cream (or Vaseline control) to a shaved dorsal region for 4 consecutive days. On day 5, mice were fasted for glucose and insulin tolerance testing, or sacrificed in the fed state with blood and tissues collected for analysis. To determine effects of the skin secretome, mouse skin was collected at day 5 from IMQ mice and cultured for 24 h. Conditioned media (CM) was collected and used 1:1 with fresh media to treat mouse explant subcutaneous adipose tissue (sAT) and isolated pancreatic islets. For human CM experiments, human skin was exposed to 5% IMQ cream for 20 min, ex vivo, to induce a psoriatic phenotype, then cultured for 24 h. CM was collected, combined 1:1 with fresh media and used to treat human sAT ex vivo. Markers of tissue inflammation and metabolic function were determined by qPCR. Beta cell function in isolated islets was measured by dynamic insulin secretion. Beta-cell proliferation was determined by measurement of Ki67 immunofluorescence histochemistry and BrDU uptake, whilst islet apoptosis was assessed by caspase 3/7 activity. All data is expressed as mean ± SEM. RESULTS Topical treatment with IMQ induced a psoriatic-like phenotype in mouse skin, evidenced by thickening, erythema and inflammation of the skin. Topical IMQ treatment induced inflammation and signs of metabolic dysfunction in sub-cutaneous and epidydimal adipose tissue, liver, skeletal muscle and gut tissue. However, consistent with islet compensation and a pre-diabetic phenotype, IMQ mice displayed improved glucose tolerance, increased insulin and c-peptide response to glucose, and increased beta cell proliferation. Treatment of sAT with psoriatic mouse or human skin-CM replicated the in vivo phenotype, leading to increased inflammation and metabolic dysfunction in mouse and human sAT. Treatment of pancreatic islets with psoriatic mouse skin-CM induced increases in beta-proliferation and apoptosis, thus partially replicating the in vivo phenotype. CONCLUSIONS Psoriasis-like skin inflammation induces a pre-diabetic phenotype, characterised by tissue inflammation and markers of metabolic dysfunction, together with islet compensation in mice. The in vivo phenotype is partially replicated by exposure of sAT and pancreatic islets to psoriatic-skin conditioned media. These results support the hypothesis that psoriatic skin inflammation, potentially via the endocrine actions of the skin secretome, may constitute a novel pathophysiological pathway mediating the development of T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Evans
- Department of Diabetes, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, UK
| | - Sophie R Sayers
- Department of Diabetes, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, UK
| | - Xenia Kodji
- Section of Vascular Biology & Inflammation, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, King's College London, London, UK; A∗STAR - Agency for Science, Technology and Research - SRIS, Singapore
| | - Yue Xia
- Department of Diabetes, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, UK
| | - Mahum Shaikh
- Department of Diabetes, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, UK
| | - Alizah Rizvi
- Department of Diabetes, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, UK
| | - James Frame
- Anglia-Ruskin University, Chelmsford, Essex, UK; Springfield Hospital, Chelmsford, UK
| | - Susan D Brain
- Section of Vascular Biology & Inflammation, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Michael P Philpott
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Rosalind F Hannen
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Paul W Caton
- Department of Diabetes, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, UK.
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22
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Kisipan ML, Ojoo RO, Kanui TI, Abelson KSP. Imiquimod does not elicit inflammatory responses in the skin of the naked mole rat (Heterocephalus glaber). BMC Res Notes 2020; 13:416. [PMID: 32891181 PMCID: PMC7487461 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-020-05260-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Naked mole rat (Heterocephalus glaber) has recently attracted interest in biomedical research due to its exceptional longevity, cancer resistance and tolerance to potentially harmful conditions or stimuli. Given its unique attributes, this study was designed to characterize inflammatory skin reactions of this animal to topical application of imiquimod, a toll-like receptor 7 and 8 agonist that triggers psoriasis-like skin reaction. Results Imiquimod did not cause the expected psoriasis-like skin changes. There was no epidermal thickening and a straight epidermo-dermal boundary was maintained. There was no parakeratosis and the granular layer of epidermis was well formed. In the dermis, there was no leukocyte infiltration. This points to an exceptional nature of inflammatory/immune responses of this animal, but the mechanism could not be explained by our results. Naked mole rat could be a valuable negative model for studying psoriasis and other inflammatory skin conditions but as a prerequisite, there is need for further investigations to establish the mechanisms behind its lack of response to imiquimod.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mosiany Letura Kisipan
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy & Physiology, Egerton University, Egerton, P.O. Box 536, Nakuru, 20115, Kenya. .,Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Rodi Omondi Ojoo
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy & Physiology, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197, Nairobi, 00100, Kenya
| | - Titus I Kanui
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, South Eastern Kenya University, P.O. Box 170, Kitui, 90200, Kenya
| | - Klas S P Abelson
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Lee SB, Park YH, Chungu K, Woo SJ, Han ST, Choi HJ, Rengaraj D, Han JY. Targeted Knockout of MDA5 and TLR3 in the DF-1 Chicken Fibroblast Cell Line Impairs Innate Immune Response Against RNA Ligands. Front Immunol 2020; 11:678. [PMID: 32425931 PMCID: PMC7204606 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The innate immune system, which senses invading pathogens, plays a critical role as the first line of host defense. After recognition of foreign RNA ligands (e.g., RNA viruses), host cells generate an innate immune or antiviral response via the interferon-mediated signaling pathway. Retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-1) acts as a major sensor that recognizes a broad range of RNA ligands in mammals; however, chickens lack a RIG-1 homolog, meaning that RNA ligands should be recognized by other cellular sensors such as melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 (MDA5) and toll-like receptors (TLRs). However, it is unclear which of these cellular sensors compensates for the loss of RIG-1 to act as the major sensor for RNA ligands. Here, we show that chicken MDA5 (cMDA5), rather than chicken TLRs (cTLRs), plays a pivotal role in the recognition of RNA ligands, including poly I:C and influenza virus. First, we used a knockdown approach to show that both cMDA5 and cTLR3 play roles in inducing interferon-mediated innate immune responses against RNA ligands in chicken DF-1 cells. Furthermore, targeted knockout of cMDA5 or cTLR3 in chicken DF-1 cells revealed that loss of cMDA5 impaired the innate immune responses against RNA ligands; however, the responses against RNA ligands were retained after loss of cTLR3. In addition, double knockout of cMDA5 and cTLR3 in chicken DF-1 cells abolished the innate immune responses against RNA ligands, suggesting that cMDA5 is the major sensor whereas cTLR3 is a secondary sensor. Taken together, these findings provide an understanding of the functional role of cMDA5 in the recognition of RNA ligands in chicken DF-1 cells and may facilitate the development of an innate immune-deficient cell line or chicken model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Bin Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young Hyun Park
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kelly Chungu
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung Je Woo
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Soo Taek Han
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hee Jung Choi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Deivendran Rengaraj
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae Yong Han
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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Patinote C, Karroum NB, Moarbess G, Cirnat N, Kassab I, Bonnet PA, Deleuze-Masquéfa C. Agonist and antagonist ligands of toll-like receptors 7 and 8: Ingenious tools for therapeutic purposes. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 193:112238. [PMID: 32203790 PMCID: PMC7173040 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of the TLRs family and more precisely its functions opened a variety of gates to modulate immunological host responses. TLRs 7/8 are located in the endosomal compartment and activate a specific signaling pathway in a MyD88-dependant manner. According to their involvement into various autoimmune, inflammatory and malignant diseases, researchers have designed diverse TLRs 7/8 ligands able to boost or block the inherent signal transduction. These modulators are often small synthetic compounds and most act as agonists and to a much lesser extent as antagonists. Some of them have reached preclinical and clinical trials, and only one has been approved by the FDA and EMA, imiquimod. The key to the success of these modulators probably lies in their combination with other therapies as recently demonstrated. We gather in this review more than 360 scientific publications, reviews and patents, relating the extensive work carried out by researchers on the design of TLRs 7/8 modulators, which are classified firstly by their biological activities (agonist or antagonist) and then by their chemical structures, which total syntheses are not discussed here. This review also reports about 90 clinical cases, thereby showing the biological interest of these modulators in multiple pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Patinote
- IBMM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France.
| | - Nour Bou Karroum
- IBMM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France; Tumorigenèse et Pharmacologie Antitumorale, Lebanese University, EDST, BP 90656, Fanar Jdeideh, Lebanon
| | - Georges Moarbess
- Tumorigenèse et Pharmacologie Antitumorale, Lebanese University, EDST, BP 90656, Fanar Jdeideh, Lebanon
| | - Natalina Cirnat
- IBMM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Issam Kassab
- Tumorigenèse et Pharmacologie Antitumorale, Lebanese University, EDST, BP 90656, Fanar Jdeideh, Lebanon
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25
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IL-17E (IL-25) Enhances Innate Immune Responses during Skin Inflammation. J Invest Dermatol 2019; 139:1732-1742.e17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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26
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Zhang QL, Jiang RH, Li XM, Ko JW, Kim CD, Zhu MJ, Lee JH. Inhibition of Poly(I:C)-Induced Inflammation by Salvianolic Acid A in Skin Keratinocytes. Ann Dermatol 2019; 31:279-285. [PMID: 33911592 PMCID: PMC7992737 DOI: 10.5021/ad.2019.31.3.279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Skin keratinocytes participate actively in inducing immune responses when external pathogens are introduced, thereby contributing to elimination of pathogens. However, in condition where the excessive inflammation is occurred, chronic skin disease such as psoriasis can be provoked. Objective We tried to screen the putative therapeutics for inflammatory skin disease, and found that salvianolic acid A (SAA) has an inhibitory effect on keratinocyte inflammatory reaction. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the effects of SAA in poly(I:C)-induced inflammatory reaction in skin keratinocytes. Methods We pre-treated keratinocytes with SAA then stimulated with poly(I:C). Inflammatory reaction of keratinocytes was verified using real-time polymerase chain reaction, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blot. Results When skin keratinocytes were pre-treated with SAA, it significantly inhibited poly (I:C)-induced expression of inflammatory cytokines including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor-α, and CCL20. SAA inhibited poly(I:C)-induced activation of nuclear factor-κB signaling. And SAA also inhibited inflammasome activation, evidenced by decrease of IL-1β secretion. Finally, SAA markedly inhibited poly(I:C)-induced NLRP3 expression. Conclusion These results demonstrate that SAA has an inhibitory effect on poly(I:C)-induced inflammatory reaction of keratinocytes, suggesting that SAA can be developed for the treatment of inflammatory skin diseases such as psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Ling Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Ri-Hua Jiang
- Department of Dermatology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xue Mei Li
- Department of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jung-Woo Ko
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Chang Deok Kim
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea.,Department of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Ming Ji Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jeung-Hoon Lee
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea.,Department of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea.,Skin Med Company, Daejeon, Korea
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27
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Rohani MG, Dimitrova E, Beppu A, Wang Y, Jefferies CA, Parks WC. Macrophage MMP10 Regulates TLR7-Mediated Tolerance. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2817. [PMID: 30564235 PMCID: PMC6288447 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Using an in vivo model of tolerance to TLR7-induced skin inflammation, we found a critical role for macrophage-derived MMP10 in mediating immune hypo-responsiveness. Cutaneous exposure to Imiquimod (IMQ), a TLR7 agonist, induced acute expression of pro-inflammatory factors (IL1β, IL6, CXCL1) and neutrophil influx equally in both wildtype and Mmp10 -/- mice. However, whereas subsequent exposure (11 and 12 days later) to IMQ led to marked abrogation of pro-inflammatory factor expression in wildtype mice, Mmp10 -/- mice responded similarly as they did to the first application. In addition, the second exposure led to increased expression of negative regulators of TLR signaling (TNFAIP3, IRAK3) and immunosuppressive cytokines (IL10, TGFβ1) in wildtype mice but not in Mmp10 -/- mice. In vitro studies demonstrated that prior exposure of IMQ to bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) made wildtype cells refractory to subsequent stimulation but did not for Mmp10 -/- macrophages. These findings expand the critical roles MMP10 plays in controlling macrophage activation to indicate that the development of immune tolerance to TLR7 ligand is dependent on this macrophage-derived proteinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam G Rohani
- Departments of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Elizabeth Dimitrova
- Departments of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Andrew Beppu
- Departments of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Ying Wang
- Departments of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Caroline A Jefferies
- Departments of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - William C Parks
- Departments of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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28
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Gonzalez-Cao M, Karachaliou N, Santarpia M, Viteri S, Meyerhans A, Rosell R. Activation of viral defense signaling in cancer. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2018; 10:1758835918793105. [PMID: 30181782 PMCID: PMC6116077 DOI: 10.1177/1758835918793105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A coordinated action of innate and adaptive immune responses is required to efficiently combat a microbial infection. It has now become clear that cancer therapies also largely benefit when both arms of the immune response are engaged. In this review, we will briefly describe the current knowledge of innate immunity and how this can be utilized to prime tumors for a better response to immune checkpoint inhibitors. Comments on compounds in development and ongoing clinical trials will be provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Gonzalez-Cao
- Rosell Oncology Institute (IOR), Dexeus
University Hospital, Quironsalud Group, C/ Sabino Arana, 5, Barcelona 08028,
Spain
| | - Niki Karachaliou
- Rosell Oncology Institute (IOR), Sagrat Cor
University Hospital, Quironsalud Group, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mariacarmela Santarpia
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Human
Pathology ‘G. Barresi’, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Santiago Viteri
- Rosell Oncology Institute (IOR), Dexeus
University Hospital, Quironsalud Group, Barcelona, Spain Rosell Oncology
Institute (IOR), Teknon Medical Center, Quironsalud Group, Barcelona,
Spain
| | - Andreas Meyerhans
- Infection Biology Laboratory, Department of
Experimental and Health Sciences (DCEXS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra,
Barcelona, Spain Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA),
Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael Rosell
- Rosell Oncology Institute (IOR), Dexeus
University Hospital, Quironsalud Group, Barcelona, Spain Rosell Oncology
Institute (IOR), Sagrat Cor University Hospital, Quironsalud Group,
Barcelona, Spain Catalan Institute of Oncology, Germans Trias I Pujol
University Hospital, Badalona, Spain
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29
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Hart PH, Norval M, Byrne SN, Rhodes LE. Exposure to Ultraviolet Radiation in the Modulation of Human Diseases. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY-MECHANISMS OF DISEASE 2018; 14:55-81. [PMID: 30125148 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pathmechdis-012418-012809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses primarily on the beneficial effects for human health of exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR). UVR stimulates anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive pathways in skin that modulate psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, and vitiligo; suppresses cutaneous lesions of graft-versus-host disease; and regulates some infection and vaccination outcomes. While polymorphic light eruption and the cutaneous photosensitivity of systemic lupus erythematosus are triggered by UVR, polymorphic light eruption also frequently benefits from UVR-induced immunomodulation. For systemic diseases such as multiple sclerosis, type 1 diabetes, asthma, schizophrenia, autism, and cardiovascular disease, any positive consequences of UVR exposure are more speculative, but could occur through the actions of UVR-induced regulatory cells and mediators, including 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3, interleukin-10, and nitric oxide. Reduced UVR exposure is a risk factor for the development of several inflammatory, allergic, and autoimmune conditions, including diseases initiated in early life. This suggests that UVR-induced molecules can regulate cell maturation in developing organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prue H Hart
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6008, Australia;
| | - Mary Norval
- University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, United Kingdom;
| | - Scott N Byrne
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia; .,Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, New South Wales 2145, Australia
| | - Lesley E Rhodes
- Centre for Dermatology Research, Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, and Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, The University of Manchester and Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom;
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30
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RNA-Seq Analysis of Differentiated Keratinocytes Reveals a Massive Response to Late Events during Human Papillomavirus 16 Infection, Including Loss of Epithelial Barrier Function. J Virol 2017; 91:JVI.01001-17. [PMID: 29021401 PMCID: PMC5709591 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01001-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The human papillomavirus (HPV) replication cycle is tightly linked to epithelial cell differentiation. To examine HPV-associated changes in the keratinocyte transcriptome, RNAs isolated from undifferentiated and differentiated cell populations of normal, spontaneously immortalized keratinocytes (NIKS) and NIKS stably transfected with HPV16 episomal genomes (NIKS16) were compared using next-generation sequencing (RNA-Seq). HPV16 infection altered expression of 2,862 cellular genes. Next, to elucidate the role of keratinocyte gene expression in late events during the viral life cycle, RNA-Seq was carried out on triplicate differentiated populations of NIKS (uninfected) and NIKS16 (infected). Of the top 966 genes altered (>log2 = 1.8, 3.5-fold change), 670 genes were downregulated and 296 genes were upregulated. HPV downregulated many genes involved in epithelial barrier function, which involves structural resistance to the environment and immunity to infectious agents. For example, HPV infection repressed expression of the differentiated keratinocyte-specific pattern recognition receptor TLR7, the Langerhans cell chemoattractant CCL20, and proinflammatory cytokines interleukin 1α (IL-1α) and IL-1β. However, the type I interferon regulator IRF1, kappa interferon (IFN-κ), and viral restriction factors (IFIT1, -2, -3, and -5, OASL, CD74, and RTP4) were upregulated. HPV infection abrogated gene expression associated with the physical epithelial barrier, including keratinocyte cytoskeleton, intercellular junctions, and cell adhesion. Quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting confirmed changes in expression of seven of the most significantly altered mRNAs. Expression of three genes showed statistically significant changes during cervical disease progression in clinical samples. Taken together, the data indicate that HPV infection manipulates the differentiating keratinocyte transcriptome to create an environment conducive to productive viral replication and egress. IMPORTANCE HPV genome amplification and capsid formation take place in differentiated keratinocytes. The viral life cycle is intimately associated with host cell differentiation. Deep sequencing (RNA-Seq) of RNA from undifferentiated and differentiated uninfected and HPV16-positive keratinocytes showed that almost 3,000 genes were differentially expressed in keratinocytes due to HPV16 infection. Strikingly, the epithelial barrier function of differentiated keratinocytes, comprising keratinocyte immune function and cellular structure, was found to be disrupted. These data provide new insights into the virus-host interaction that is crucial for the production of infectious virus and reveal that HPV infection remodels keratinocytes for completion of the virus replication cycle.
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31
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Petes C, Odoardi N, Gee K. The Toll for Trafficking: Toll-Like Receptor 7 Delivery to the Endosome. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1075. [PMID: 28928743 PMCID: PMC5591332 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptor (TLR)-7 is an endosomal innate immune sensor capable of detecting single-stranded ribonucleic acid. TLR7-mediated induction of type I interferon and other inflammatory cytokine production is important in antiviral immune responses. Furthermore, altered TLR7 expression levels are implicated in various autoimmune disorders, indicating a key role for this receptor in modulating inflammation. This review is focused on the regulation of TLR7 expression and localization compared to that of the other endosomal TLRs: TLR3, 8, and 9. Endosomal TLR localization is a tightly controlled and intricate process with some shared components among various TLRs. However, TLR-specific mechanisms must also be in place in order to regulate the induction of pathogen- and cell-specific responses. It is known that TLR7 is shuttled from the endoplasmic reticulum to the endosome via vesicles from the Golgi. Several chaperone proteins are required for this process, most notably uncoordinated 93 homolog B1 (Caenorhabditis elegans), recently identified to also be involved in the localization of the other endosomal TLRs. Acidification of the endosome and proteolytic cleavage of TLR7 are essential for TLR7 signaling in response to ligand binding. Cleavage of TLR7 has been demonstrated to be accomplished by furin peptidases in addition to cathepsins and asparagine endopeptidases. Moreover, triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells like 4, a protein associated with antigen presentation and apoptosis in immune cells, has been implicated in the amplification of TLR7 signaling. Understanding these and other molecular mechanisms controlling TLR7 expression and trafficking will give insight into the specific control of TLR7 activity compared to the other endosomal TLRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlene Petes
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Natalya Odoardi
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Katrina Gee
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
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32
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Varma SR, Sivaprakasam TO, Mishra A, Prabhu S, M R, P R. Imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like inflammation in differentiated Human keratinocytes: Its evaluation using curcumin. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 813:33-41. [PMID: 28736282 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Psoriasis is considered to be a systemic disease of immune dysfunction. It is still unclear what triggers the inflammatory cascade associated with psoriasis but recent evidences suggest the vital role of IL-23/IL-17A cytokine axis in etiology of psoriasis. Several studies have been conducted in psoriatic-like animal models but ethical issues and complexity surrounding it halts the screening of new anti-psoriatic drug candidates. Hence, in this study, we developed a new in-vitro model for psoriasis using imiquimod (IMQ) induced differentiated HaCaT cells which could be used for screening of new anti-psoriatic drug candidates. The differentiated HaCaT cells were treated with IMQ (100μM) to induce psoriatic like inflammation and its effect was investigated using a natural anti-psoriatic compound, curcumin. The proliferation of psoriatic-like cells was inhibited by curcumin at 25 and 50µM concentrations. The psoriatic-like cells decreased in number with increase in apoptotic and dead cells upon curcumin treatment. Curcumin inhibited the proliferation of IMQ-induced differentiated HaCaT cells (Psoriatic-like cells) by down-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, interleukin-17, tumor necrosis factor-α, interferon-γ, and interleukin-6. Apart from this, curcumin significantly enhanced the skin-barrier function by up-regulation of involucrin (iNV) and filaggrin (FLG), the regulators of epidermal skin barrier. The IMQ-induced differentiated HaCaT in vitro model recapitulated some aspects of the psoriasis pathogenesis similar to murine model. Henceforth, we conclude that this model may be used for rapid screening of anti-psoriatic drug candidates and warrant further mechanistic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep R Varma
- Research and Development, The Himalaya Drug Company, Bangalore 562162, India.
| | | | - Abheepsa Mishra
- Research and Development, The Himalaya Drug Company, Bangalore 562162, India
| | - Sunil Prabhu
- Research and Development, The Himalaya Drug Company, Bangalore 562162, India
| | - Rafiq M
- Research and Development, The Himalaya Drug Company, Bangalore 562162, India
| | - Rangesh P
- Research and Development, The Himalaya Drug Company, Bangalore 562162, India
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Rhododendrin inhibits toll-like receptor-7-mediated psoriasis-like skin inflammation in mice. Exp Mol Med 2017; 49:e349. [PMID: 28665921 PMCID: PMC5519019 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2017.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Many active compounds present in Rhododendron brachycarpum have been used in traditional Oriental medicine for the treatment of various skin diseases. However, the precise mechanism of action of the compounds isolated from R. brachycarpum and their relevance as therapeutics for the treatment of psoriasis remain elusive. In this study, we report that rhododendrin isolated from R. brachycarpum strongly inhibits imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriasis-like skin inflammation in mice. We showed that topical treatment with rhododendrin reduces IMQ-induced skin hyperplasia, inflammatory mononuclear cell infiltration and the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators in mouse skin. In addition, we found that rhododendrin inhibits the activation of the TLR-7/NF-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways in both IMQ-induced psoriasis-like skin inflammation in mice and in normal human epidermal keratinocytes treated with IMQ. These results suggest that rhododendrin has an anti-inflammatory effect and can be used as a therapeutic to fight against psoriasis and other inflammatory skin diseases.
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Gálvez-Cancino F, Roco J, Rojas-Colonelli N, Flores C, Murgas P, Cruz-Gómez S, Oyarce C, Varas-Godoy M, Sauma D, Lladser A. A short hairpin RNA-based adjuvant targeting NF-κB repressor IκBα promotes migration of dermal dendritic cells to draining lymph nodes and antitumor CTL responses induced by DNA vaccination. Vaccine 2017; 35:4148-4154. [PMID: 28666759 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
DNA vaccination is an attractive approach to elicit tumor-specific cytotoxic CD8+ T lymphocytes (CTL), which can mediate protective immunity against tumors. To initiate CTL responses, antigen-encoding plasmids employed for DNA vaccination need to activate dendritic cells (DC) through the stimulation of DNA-sensing innate immune receptors that converge in the activation of the master transcription factor NF-κB. To this end, NF-κB repressor IκBα needs to be degraded, allowing NF-κB to translocate to the nucleus and transcribe proinflammatory target genes, as well as its repressor IκBα. Therefore, NF-κB activation is self-limited by de novo synthesis of IκBa, which sequesters NF-κB in the cytosol. Hence, we tested whether co-delivering a shRNA-based adjuvant able to silence IκBα expression would further promote DNA-induced NFκB activation, DC activation and tumor-protective CTL responses induced by DNA vaccination in a preclinical model. First, an IκBα-targeting shRNA plasmid (shIκBα) was shown to reduce IκBα expression and promote NFκB-driven transcription in vitro, as well as up-regulate inflammatory target genes in vivo. Then, we showed that intradermal DNA electroporation induced the migration of skin migratory dendritic cells to draining lymph nodes and maturation of dermal dendritic cells (dDC). Interestingly, shIκBα further promoted the migration of mature skin migratory dendritic cells, in particular dDC, which are specialized in antigen cross-presentation and activation of CD8+ T cells. Consistently, mice vaccinated with a plasmid encoding the melanoma-associated antigen tyrosinase-related protein 2 (TRP2) in combination with shIκBα enhanced TRP2-specific CTL responses and reduced the number of lung melanoma foci in mice challenged with intravenous injection of B16F10 cells. Moreover, therapeutic vaccination with pTRP2 and shIκBα delayed the growth of B16F10 melanoma subcutaneous tumors. Our data suggest that adjuvants promoting NF-κB activation represent an attractive strategy to boost DC activation and promote the generation of tumor-protective CTL responses elicited by DNA vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Gálvez-Cancino
- Laboratorio de Inmunoterapia Génica, Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Av. Zañartu 1482, Santiago 7780272, Chile
| | - Jonathan Roco
- Laboratorio de Inmunoterapia Génica, Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Av. Zañartu 1482, Santiago 7780272, Chile
| | - Nicole Rojas-Colonelli
- Laboratorio de Inmunoterapia Génica, Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Av. Zañartu 1482, Santiago 7780272, Chile
| | - Camila Flores
- Laboratorio de Inmunoterapia Génica, Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Av. Zañartu 1482, Santiago 7780272, Chile
| | - Paola Murgas
- Laboratorio de Inmunoterapia Génica, Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Av. Zañartu 1482, Santiago 7780272, Chile
| | - Sebastián Cruz-Gómez
- Laboratorio de Inmunoterapia Génica, Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Av. Zañartu 1482, Santiago 7780272, Chile
| | - César Oyarce
- Laboratorio de Inmunoterapia Génica, Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Av. Zañartu 1482, Santiago 7780272, Chile
| | - Manuel Varas-Godoy
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniela Sauma
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alvaro Lladser
- Laboratorio de Inmunoterapia Génica, Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Av. Zañartu 1482, Santiago 7780272, Chile.
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El Tawdy AM, Amin IM, Abdel Hay RM, Hassan AS, Gad ZS, Rashed LA. Toll-like receptor (TLR)7 expression in mycosis fungoides and psoriasis: a case-control study. Clin Exp Dermatol 2017; 42:172-177. [DOI: 10.1111/ced.13008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. M. El Tawdy
- Dermatology Department; Faculty of Medicine; Cairo University; Cairo Egypt
| | - I. M. Amin
- Dermatology Department; Faculty of Medicine; Cairo University; Cairo Egypt
| | - R. M. Abdel Hay
- Dermatology Department; Faculty of Medicine; Cairo University; Cairo Egypt
| | - A. S. Hassan
- Dermatology Department; Faculty of Medicine; Cairo University; Cairo Egypt
| | - Z. S. Gad
- Surgical Oncology Department; National Cancer Institute; Cairo University; Cairo Egypt
| | - L. A. Rashed
- Clinical Biochemistry Department; Faculty of Medicine; Cairo University; Cairo Egypt
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The expression pattern and functional role of REIC/Dkk-3 in the development of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. J Dermatol Sci 2016; 84:88-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2016.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Li ZJ, Choi DK, Sohn KC, Lim SK, Im M, Lee Y, Seo YJ, Kim CD, Lee JH. Induction of Interleukin-22 (IL-22) production in CD4 + T Cells by IL-17A Secreted from CpG-Stimulated Keratinocytes. Ann Dermatol 2016; 28:579-585. [PMID: 27746637 PMCID: PMC5064187 DOI: 10.5021/ad.2016.28.5.579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Interleukin-17A (IL-17A) is mainly secreted from Th17 cells that are activated by various stimuli including CpG oligodeoxynucleotide, a Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) ligand. Recently, it has been demonstrated that keratinocytes play an important role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Objective To investigate the potential role of keratinocytes, we examined whether TLR9 ligand CpG induces IL-17A expression in keratinocytes. Methods We used HaCaT keratinocytes as a model system, and determined CpG-induced IL-17A using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blot. Results When HaCaT keratinocytes were treated with CpG, the expression of several cytokines including IL-17A, tumor necrosis factor-α and CCL20 was markedly increased. Treatment with nuclear factor (NF)-κB inhibitor significantly blocked the CpG-induced IL-17A production, indicating that CpG induced IL-17A expression through the NF-κB signaling pathway. In addition, IL-17A secreted from keratinocytes stimulated the CD4+ T cells, resulting in strong induction of IL-22 production. Conclusion Since IL-22 is an important mediator for psoriatic inflammation, our data suggest that keratinocytes can participate in the pathogenesis of psoriasis via the TLR9-dependent IL-17A production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Jun Li
- Department of Dermatology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Dae-Kyoung Choi
- Department of Dermatology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Kyung-Cheol Sohn
- Department of Dermatology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Seul Ki Lim
- Department of Dermatology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Myung Im
- Department of Dermatology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Young Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Young-Joon Seo
- Department of Dermatology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Chang Deok Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jeung-Hoon Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
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38
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The inhibitory effect of A20 on the inflammatory reaction of epidermal keratinocytes. Int J Mol Med 2016; 37:1099-104. [DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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39
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Sah SK, Park KH, Yun CO, Kang KS, Kim TY. Effects of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Transduced with Superoxide Dismutase on Imiquimod-Induced Psoriasis-Like Skin Inflammation in Mice. Antioxid Redox Signal 2016; 24:233-48. [PMID: 26462411 PMCID: PMC4753626 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2015.6368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been proposed in several autoimmune diseases and successfully tested in animal models, but their contribution to psoriasis and underlying pathways remains elusive. Likewise, an increased or prolonged presence of reactive oxygen species and aberrant antioxidant systems in skin are known to contribute to the development of psoriasis and therefore effective antioxidant therapy is highly required. We explored the feasibility of using extracellular superoxide dismutase (SOD3)-transduced allogeneic MSCs as a novel therapeutic approach in a mouse model of imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriasis-like inflammation and investigated the poorly understood underlying mechanism. In addition, the chronicity and late-phase response of inflammation were evaluated during continued activation of antigen receptors by applying a booster dose of IMQ. RESULTS Subcutaneous injection of allogeneic SOD3-transduced MSCs significantly prevented psoriasis development in our IMQ-induced mouse model, likely through a suppression of proliferation and infiltration of various effector cells into skin with a concomitant modulated cytokine and chemokine expression and inhibition of signaling pathways such as toll-like receptor-7, nuclear factor-kappa B, p38 mitogen-activated kinase, and Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription, as well as adenosine receptor activation. INNOVATION AND CONCLUSION Our data offer a novel therapeutic approach to chronic inflammatory skin diseases such as psoriasis by leveraging immunomodulatory effects of MSCs as well as SOD3 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyam Kishor Sah
- 1 Laboratory of Dermato-Immunology, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Ho Park
- 2 Biological Sciences Center, University of Minnesota Twin Cities , St. Paul, Minnesota
| | - Chae-Ok Yun
- 3 Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Sun Kang
- 4 Adult Stem Cell Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Yoon Kim
- 1 Laboratory of Dermato-Immunology, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea , Seoul, Republic of Korea
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40
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El-Khattouti A, Selimovic D, Hannig M, Taylor EB, Abd Elmageed ZY, Hassan SY, Haikel Y, Kandil E, Leverkus M, Brodell RT, Megahed M, Hassan M. Imiquimod-induced apoptosis of melanoma cells is mediated by ER stress-dependent Noxa induction and enhanced by NF-κB inhibition. J Cell Mol Med 2015; 20:266-86. [PMID: 26578344 PMCID: PMC4727561 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is characterized by dysregulated intracellular signalling pathways including an impairment of the cell death machinery, ultimately resulting in melanoma resistance, survival and progression. This explains the tumour's extraordinary resistance to the standard treatment. Imiquimod is a topical immune response modifier (imidazoquinoline) with both antiviral and antitumour activities. The mechanism by which imiquimod triggers the apoptosis of melanoma cells has now been carefully elucidated. Imiquimod‐induced apoptosis is associated with the activation of apoptosis signalling regulating kinase1/c‐Jun‐N‐terminal kinase/p38 pathways and the induction of endoplasmic stress characterized by the activation of the protein kinase RNA‐like endoplasmic reticulum kinase signalling pathway, increase in intracellular Ca2+ release, degradation of calpain and subsequent cleavage of caspase‐4. Moreover, imiquimod triggers the activation of NF‐κB and the expression of the inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) such as, X‐linked IAP (XIAP) together with the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Also, imiquimod triggers mitochondrial dysregulation characterized by the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm), the increase in cytochrome c release, and cleavage of caspase‐9, caspase‐3 and poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase (PARP). Inhibitors of specific pathways, permit the elucidation of possible mechanisms of imiquimod‐induced apoptosis. They demonstrate that inhibition of NF‐kB by the inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa‐B kinase (IKK) inhibitor Bay 11‐782 or knockdown of XIAP induces melanoma apoptosis in cells exposed to imiquimod. These findings support the use of either IKK inhibitors or IAP antagonists as adjuvant therapies to improve the effectiveness topical imiquimod in the treatment of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Denis Selimovic
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, University Hospital of Saarland, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Matthias Hannig
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, University Hospital of Saarland, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Erin B Taylor
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | | | - Sofie Y Hassan
- Clinic of Dermatology, University Hospital of Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Youssef Haikel
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Dental Faculty, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Emad Kandil
- Department of Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Martin Leverkus
- Clinic of Dermatology, University Hospital of Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Robert T Brodell
- Department of Dermatology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Mosaad Megahed
- Clinic of Dermatology, University Hospital of Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Mohamed Hassan
- Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA.,Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, University Hospital of Saarland, Homburg/Saar, Germany.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Department of Pathology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
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41
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Piaserico S, Michelotto A, Frigo AC, Alaibac M. TLR7 Gln11Leu single nucleotide polymorphism and response to treatment with imiquimod in patients with basal cell carcinoma: a pilot study. Pharmacogenomics 2015; 16:1913-7. [DOI: 10.2217/pgs.15.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) agonist, imiquimod, offers a topical and noninvasive therapeutic method for the clinical treatment of superficial basal cell carcinoma (BCC). In this study we explored the relationship between the functional X-linked TLR7 rs179008/Gln11Leu polymorphism and the response to imiquimod in patients with BCC. Patients & methods: Thirty-four BCC patients treated with imiquimod were included in the study. SNP genotyping of the TLR7 promoter polymorphism was performed by TaqMan allelic discrimination assay. Results: In the group of female nonresponders to imiquimod a higher frequency of the altered genotype compared with responders was observed. Similarly, in the group of male nonresponders to imiquimod both patients with the mutated genotype were nonresponders. Conclusion: The results of this study show that patients carrying at least one T allele of the TLR7 promoter polymorphism are associated with an increased probability to be resistant to imiquimod therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Piaserico
- Unit of Dermatology, University of Padua, Via Battisti 206, 35100 Padua, Italy
| | - Anna Michelotto
- Unit of Dermatology, University of Padua, Via Battisti 206, 35100 Padua, Italy
| | - Anna C Frigo
- Laboratory of Public Health, University of Padua, Via Loredan 18, 35100 Padua, Italy
| | - Mauro Alaibac
- Unit of Dermatology, University of Padua, Via Battisti 206, 35100 Padua, Italy
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42
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Richards KH, Wasson CW, Watherston O, Doble R, Eric Blair G, Wittmann M, Macdonald A. The human papillomavirus (HPV) E7 protein antagonises an Imiquimod-induced inflammatory pathway in primary human keratinocytes. Sci Rep 2015; 5:12922. [PMID: 26268216 PMCID: PMC4534800 DOI: 10.1038/srep12922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
High-risk human papillomaviruses (HPV) are the etiological pathogen of cervical and a number of ano-genital cancers. How HPVs overcome the significant barriers of the skin immune system has been the topic of intensive research. The E6 and E7 oncoproteins have emerged as key players in the deregulation of host innate immune pathways that are required for the recruitment of effector cells of the immune response. Here we demonstrate that E7, and to a lesser extend E6, strongly reduce NFκB activation in response to the inflammatory mediator imiquimod. Moreover, we establish that undifferentiated keratinocytes do not express the putative receptor for imiquimod, TLR7, and as such are stimulated by imiquimod through a novel pathway. Inhibition of imiquimod induced cytokine production required residues in the CR1 and CR3 regions of E7 and resulted in reduced nuclear translocation and acetylation of the p65 sub-unit of NFκB. The results provide further evidence for a TLR7-independent role of imiquimod in the epithelial immune response and reinforce the ability of the HPV oncoproteins to disrupt the innate immune response, which may have important consequences for establishment of a chronic infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn H Richards
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher W Wasson
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Oliver Watherston
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Rosella Doble
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - G Eric Blair
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Miriam Wittmann
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.,NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Chapel Allerton Hospital Leeds, United Kingdom.,Centre for Skin Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Macdonald
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
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Early Defensive Mechanisms against Human Papillomavirus Infection. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2015; 22:850-7. [PMID: 26063238 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00223-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women and is almost exclusively caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. HPV is also frequently associated with other cancers arising from mucosal epithelium, including anal and oropharyngeal cancers, which are becoming more common in both men and women. Viral persistence and progression through precancerous lesion stages are prerequisites for HPV-associated cancer and reflect the inability of cell-mediated immune mechanisms to clear infections and eliminate abnormal cells in some individuals. Cell-mediated immune responses are initiated by innate pathogen sensing and subsequent secretion of soluble immune mediators and amplified by the recruitment and activation of effector T lymphocytes. This review discusses early defensive mechanisms of innate responders to natural HPV infection, their influence on response polarization, and the underappreciated role of keratinocytes in this process.
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44
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Li ZJ, Shin JM, Choi DK, Lim SK, Yoon TJ, Lee YH, Sohn KC, Im M, Lee Y, Seo YJ, Kim CD, Lee JH. Inhibitory effect of cucurbitacin B on imiquimod-induced skin inflammation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 459:673-8. [PMID: 25767074 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a common skin disease, of which pathogenesis involves the increase of inflammatory reaction in epidermal cells. In an attempt to find therapeutics for psoriasis, we found that cucurbitacin B has an inhibitory potential on imiquimod-induced inflammation of keratinocytes. Cucurbitacin B significantly inhibited imiquimod-induced expression of crucial psoriatic cytokines, such as IL-8 and CCL20, via down-regulation of NF-κB and STAT3 signaling pathway in human keratinocytes. In addition, keratinocyte proliferation was markedly inhibited by cucurbitacin B. The potential beneficial effect of cucurbitacin B on psoriasis was further validated in imiquimod-induced psoriasiform dermatitis of experimental animal. Topical application of cucurbitacin B resulted in significant reduction of epidermal hyperplasia and inflammatory cytokines production, and ameliorated the psoriatic symptom. Taken together, these results suggest that cucurbitacin B may be a potential candidate for the treatment of psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Jun Li
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Min Shin
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Kyoung Choi
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seul Ki Lim
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Jin Yoon
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ho Lee
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Cheol Sohn
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Im
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Lee
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Joon Seo
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Deok Kim
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeung-Hoon Lee
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Skin Med Company, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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45
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Bloy N, Pol J, Aranda F, Eggermont A, Cremer I, Fridman WH, Fučíková J, Galon J, Tartour E, Spisek R, Dhodapkar MV, Zitvogel L, Kroemer G, Galluzzi L. Trial watch: Dendritic cell-based anticancer therapy. Oncoimmunology 2014; 3:e963424. [PMID: 25941593 DOI: 10.4161/21624011.2014.963424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of patient-derived dendritic cells (DCs) as a means to elicit therapeutically relevant immune responses in cancer patients has been extensively investigated throughout the past decade. In this context, DCs are generally expanded, exposed to autologous tumor cell lysates or loaded with specific tumor-associated antigens (TAAs), and then reintroduced into patients, often in combination with one or more immunostimulatory agents. As an alternative, TAAs are targeted to DCs in vivo by means of monoclonal antibodies, carbohydrate moieties or viral vectors specific for DC receptors. All these approaches have been shown to (re)activate tumor-specific immune responses in mice, often mediating robust therapeutic effects. In 2010, the first DC-based preparation (sipuleucel-T, also known as Provenge®) has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use in humans. Reflecting the central position occupied by DCs in the regulation of immunological tolerance and adaptive immunity, the interest in harnessing them for the development of novel immunotherapeutic anticancer regimens remains high. Here, we summarize recent advances in the preclinical and clinical development of DC-based anticancer therapeutics.
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Key Words
- DC, dendritic cell
- DC-based vaccination
- FDA, Food and Drug Administration
- IFN, interferon
- MRC1, mannose receptor, C type 1
- MUC1, mucin 1
- TAA, tumor-associated antigen
- TLR, Toll-like receptor
- Toll-like receptor agonists
- Treg, regulatory T cell
- WT1, Wilms tumor 1
- antigen cross-presentation
- autophagy
- iDC, immature DC
- immunogenic cell death
- mDC, mature DC
- pDC, plasmacytoid DC
- regulatory T cells
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Affiliation(s)
- Norma Bloy
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus ; Villejuif, France ; INSERM , U1138; Paris France ; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers ; Paris France ; Université Paris-Sud/Paris XI ; Orsay, France
| | - Jonathan Pol
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus ; Villejuif, France ; INSERM , U1138; Paris France ; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers ; Paris France
| | - Fernando Aranda
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus ; Villejuif, France ; INSERM , U1138; Paris France ; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers ; Paris France
| | | | - Isabelle Cremer
- INSERM , U1138; Paris France ; Equipe 13; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers ; Paris France ; Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI ; Paris France
| | - Wolf Hervé Fridman
- INSERM , U1138; Paris France ; Equipe 13; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers ; Paris France ; Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI ; Paris France
| | - Jitka Fučíková
- Department of Immunology; 2nd Medical School Charles University and University Hospital Motol ; Prague, Czech Republic ; Sotio a.s. ; Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jérôme Galon
- INSERM , U1138; Paris France ; Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI ; Paris France ; Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers ; Paris France ; Université Paris Descartes/Paris V; Sorbonne Paris Cité ; Paris France
| | - Eric Tartour
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V; Sorbonne Paris Cité ; Paris France ; INSERM , U970; Paris France ; Pôle de Biologie; Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP ; Paris France
| | - Radek Spisek
- Department of Immunology; 2nd Medical School Charles University and University Hospital Motol ; Prague, Czech Republic ; Sotio a.s. ; Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Madhav V Dhodapkar
- Department of Medicine; Immunobiology and Yale Cancer Center; Yale University ; New Haven, CT USA
| | - Laurence Zitvogel
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus ; Villejuif, France ; INSERM, U1015, CICBT507 ; Villejuif, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- INSERM , U1138; Paris France ; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers ; Paris France ; Université Paris Descartes/Paris V; Sorbonne Paris Cité ; Paris France ; Pôle de Biologie; Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP ; Paris France ; Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms; Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus ; Villejuif, France
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus ; Villejuif, France ; INSERM , U1138; Paris France ; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers ; Paris France ; Université Paris Descartes/Paris V; Sorbonne Paris Cité ; Paris France
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46
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Role of toll-like receptors in multiple myeloma and recent advances. Exp Hematol 2014; 43:158-67. [PMID: 25462020 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2014.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Revised: 11/02/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematologic malignancy characterized as an abnormal proliferation and invasion of plasma cells into the bone marrow. Toll-like receptors (ТLRs) connect the innate and adaptive immune responses and represent a significant and potentially linking element between inflammation and cancer. When TLRs bind to their ligands, they trigger two major signaling pathways such that both share overlapping downstream signals: one is a myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88)-dependent production and activation of nuclear factor-κB, whereas the other is a MyD88-independent production of type-I interferon. Whereas the MyD88 pathway results in proinflammatory cytokine production, the other pathway stimulates cell proliferation. Dysregulations of these pathways may eventually lead to abnormal cell proliferation and MM. Despite recent biomedical advances, MM continues to be an incurable disease. There are an increasing number of TLR-based therapeutic approaches currently being tested in a number of preclinical and clinical studies. We here attempt to outline in detail the currently available information on TLRs in various types of cancer.
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Li ZJ, Li XM, Piao YJ, Choi DK, Kim SJ, Kim JW, Sohn KC, Kim CD, Lee JH. Genkwadaphnin induces reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated apoptosis of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 450:1115-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.06.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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48
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Shin JM, Kim MY, Sohn KC, Jung SY, Lee HE, Lim JW, Kim S, Lee YH, Im M, Seo YJ, Kim CD, Lee JH, Lee Y, Yoon TJ. Nrf2 negatively regulates melanogenesis by modulating PI3K/Akt signaling. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96035. [PMID: 24763530 PMCID: PMC3999113 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Nrf2 plays a role in protection of cells against oxidative stress and xenobiotic damage by regulating cytoprotective genes. In this study, we investigated the effect of Nrf2 on melanogenesis in normal human melanocytes (NHMCs). When NHMCs were transduced with a recombinant adenovirus expressing Nrf2, melanin synthesis was significantly decreased. Consistent with this result, overexpression of Nrf2 decreased the expression of tyrosinase and tyrosinase-related protein 1. The inhibitory effect of Nrf2 was reversed by overexpression of Keap1, an intracellular regulator of Nrf2. Interestingly, Nrf2 overexpression resulted in marked activation of PI3K/Akt signaling. Conversely, inhibition of PI3K activity by treatment with wortmannin reversed the depigmentary effects of Nrf2. Taken together, these results strongly suggest that Nrf2 negatively regulates melanogenesis by modulating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Min Shin
- Department of Dermatology and Research Institute for Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Mi Yoon Kim
- Department of Dermatology and Research Institute for Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Kyung-Cheol Sohn
- Department of Dermatology and Research Institute for Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - So-Young Jung
- Department of Dermatology and Research Institute for Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hae-Eul Lee
- Department of Dermatology and Research Institute for Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jae Woo Lim
- Department of Dermatology and Research Institute for Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Sooil Kim
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Young-Ho Lee
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Myung Im
- Department of Dermatology and Research Institute for Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Young-Joon Seo
- Department of Dermatology and Research Institute for Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Chang Deok Kim
- Department of Dermatology and Research Institute for Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jeung-Hoon Lee
- Department of Dermatology and Research Institute for Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Young Lee
- Department of Dermatology and Research Institute for Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
- * E-mail: (YL); (TJY)
| | - Tae-Jin Yoon
- Department of Dermatology and Institute of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea
- * E-mail: (YL); (TJY)
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49
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Sohn KC, Li ZJ, Choi DK, Zhang T, Lim JW, Chang IK, Hur GM, Im M, Lee Y, Seo YJ, Lee JH, Kim CD. Imiquimod induces apoptosis of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cells via regulation of A20. PLoS One 2014; 9:e95337. [PMID: 24743316 PMCID: PMC3990708 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Imiquimod, a nucleoside analogue of the imidazoquinoline family, is being used to treat various cutaneous cancers including squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Imiquimod activates anti-tumor immunity via Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) in macrophage and other immune cells. Imiquimod can also affect tumor cells directly, regardless of its impact on immune system. In this study, we demonstrated that imiquimod induced apoptosis of SCC cells (SCC12) and A20 was involved in this process. When A20 was overexpressed, imiquimod-induced apoptosis was markedly inhibited. Conversely, knockdown of A20 potentiated imiquimod-induced apoptosis. Interestingly, A20 counteracted activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), suggesting that A20-regulated JNK activity was possible mechanism underlying imiquimod-induced apoptosis of SCC12 cells. Finally, imiquimod-induced apoptosis of SCC12 cells was taken place in a TLR7-independent manner. Our data provide new insight into the mechanism underlying imiquimod effect in cutaneous cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Cheol Sohn
- Department of Dermatology and Research Institute for Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Zheng Jun Li
- Department of Dermatology and Research Institute for Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Dae-Kyoung Choi
- Department of Dermatology and Research Institute for Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Tiejun Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jae Woo Lim
- Department of Dermatology and Research Institute for Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - In-Kyu Chang
- Department of Dermatology and Research Institute for Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Gang Min Hur
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Myung Im
- Department of Dermatology and Research Institute for Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Young Lee
- Department of Dermatology and Research Institute for Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Young-Joon Seo
- Department of Dermatology and Research Institute for Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jeung-Hoon Lee
- Department of Dermatology and Research Institute for Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Chang Deok Kim
- Department of Dermatology and Research Institute for Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
- * E-mail:
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