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Groner JA, Nicholson L, Bauer JA, Huang H, Lindstrom M, Root E. Exposure to air pollution and cardiovascular risk in young children - a pilot project. Pediatr Res 2024:10.1038/s41390-024-03377-z. [PMID: 38982164 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-024-03377-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine relationships between traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) and markers of pre-clinical cardiovascular risk in young children. STUDY DESIGN We studied a cohort of healthy children ages 2-5 recruited from pediatric primary care sites (n = 122). We obtained child weight, height, blood pressure and hair nicotine levels. A blood sample was obtained for biomarkers of systemic inflammation, oxidation, and prevalence of circulating endothelial progenitor cells. This manuscript represents a secondary analysis. TRAP exposure (particulate levels, nitrogen dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and proximity to major roadways) was assessed using national air pollution data based on child's census tract of residence. RESULTS TRAP exposure had significant positive associations with prevalence of two of the three EPC subtypes (CD34 + /CD133 + /CD45- and CD133 + /CD45-) in unadjusted correlations. In a linear regression model, adjusting for sex, age, race, ethnicity, body mass index, parental education, child insurance, and secondhand smoke exposure, one EPC subtype (CD133 + /CD45-) had a positive significant correlation to every TRAP measure. No significant relationships between air pollution and measures of inflammation and oxidation was found. CONCLUSION Our findings of the upregulation of EPCs may signal a response to early vascular damage during early childhood due to air pollution exposure. IMPACT Traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) - known cardiovascular risk factor during adulthood Current pilot study in very young children shows upregulation of cells which protect the endothelial lining of blood vessels (endothelial progenitor cells, EPCs) Upregulation of EPCs aligns with other cardiovascular risks during childhood (obesity, prematurity, type 1 diabetes) Demonstrated with TRAP exposure lower than EPA threshold Response to air pollution may be protective of cardiovascular damage during early childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith A Groner
- AAP Julius B. Richmond Center of Excellence, Itasca, IL, USA.
- Nationwide Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Lisa Nicholson
- Statistical Consulting, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - John Anthony Bauer
- AAP Julius B. Richmond Center of Excellence, Itasca, IL, USA
- Kentucky Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
- University of Kentucky Center for Appalachian Research in Environmental Sciences, Lexington, USA
| | - Hong Huang
- Kentucky Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
- University of Kentucky Center for Appalachian Research in Environmental Sciences, Lexington, USA
| | - Megan Lindstrom
- Department of Geography, The Ohio State University, Columbus, USA
| | - Elisabeth Root
- Department of Geography and Division of Epidemiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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Cao F, Liu ZR, Ni QY, Zha CK, Zhang SJ, Lu JM, Xu YY, Tao LM, Jiang ZX, Pan HF. Emerging roles of air pollution and meteorological factors in autoimmune eye diseases. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 231:116116. [PMID: 37182831 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmune eye diseases (AEDs), a collection of autoimmune inflammatory ocular conditions resulting from the dysregulation of immune system at the ocular level, can target both intraocular and periorbital structures leading to severe visual deficit and blindness globally. The roles of air pollution and meteorological factors in the initiation and progression of AEDs have been increasingly attractive, among which the systemic and local mechanisms are both involved in. Exposure to excessive air pollution and extreme meteorological conditions including PM2.5/PM0.1, environmental tobacco smoke, insufficient sunshine, and high temperature, etc., can disturb Th17/Treg balance, regulate macrophage polarization, activate neutrophils, induce systemic inflammation and oxidative stress, decrease retinal blood flow, promote tissue fibrosis, activate sympathetic nervous system, adversely affect nutrients synthetization, as well as induce heat stress, therefore may together deteriorate AEDs. The crosstalk among inflammation, oxidative stress and dysregulated immune system appeared to be prominent. In the present review, we will concern and summarize the potential mechanisms underlying linkages of air pollution and meteorological factors to ocular autoimmune and inflammatory responses. Moreover, we concentrate on the specific roles of air pollutants and meteorological factors in several major AEDs including uveitis, Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO), ocular allergic disease (OAD), glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy (DR), etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Cao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 678 Furong Road, Hefei, Anhui, China; Department of Clinical Medicine, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zhuo-Ran Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ningbo Hospital, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1155 Binhaier Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qin-Yu Ni
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 678 Furong Road, Hefei, Anhui, China; Department of Clinical Medicine, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Chen-Kai Zha
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Shu-Jie Zhang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jia-Min Lu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yue-Yang Xu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Li-Ming Tao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 678 Furong Road, Hefei, Anhui, China.
| | - Zheng-Xuan Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 678 Furong Road, Hefei, Anhui, China.
| | - Hai-Feng Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, China.
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Haidar Z, Fatema K, Shoily SS, Sajib AA. Disease-associated metabolic pathways affected by heavy metals and metalloid. Toxicol Rep 2023; 10:554-570. [PMID: 37396849 PMCID: PMC10313886 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2023.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased exposure to environmental heavy metals and metalloids and their associated toxicities has become a major threat to human health. Hence, the association of these metals and metalloids with chronic, age-related metabolic disorders has gained much interest. The underlying molecular mechanisms that mediate these effects are often complex and incompletely understood. In this review, we summarize the currently known disease-associated metabolic and signaling pathways that are altered following different heavy metals and metalloids exposure, alongside a brief summary of the mechanisms of their impacts. The main focus of this study is to explore how these affected pathways are associated with chronic multifactorial diseases including diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, neurodegeneration, inflammation, and allergic responses upon exposure to arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), iron (Fe), mercury (Hg), nickel (Ni), and vanadium (V). Although there is considerable overlap among the different heavy metals and metalloids-affected cellular pathways, these affect distinct metabolic pathways as well. The common pathways may be explored further to find common targets for treatment of the associated pathologic conditions.
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Xu H, Wen Q, Xu X, Yu D, Liu Z, Zhang C, Zhang X, Ma J, Zhao H, Song L. Heme oxygenase-1 protects against PM2.5 induced endothelial dysfunction through inhibition of HIF1α. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 97:104024. [PMID: 36427673 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2022.104024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
PM2.5 has been accepted as a strong risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Activation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) has been proved to be a key factor in triggering vascular endothelial dysfunction upon PM2.5 exposure in our previous reports. In the current study, we observed the concurrent induction of hemoxygenase (HO)- 1 and RAS components (ANGII and AT1R) expression both in the vascular endothelial cell lines and in rat lung tissue after PM2.5 exposure. Furthermore, HO-1 inhibited RAS activation by suppressing the expression and activity of HIF1α, the upstream transcriptional activator of ANGII and AT1R. In addition, HO-1 blocked significantly increased the release of cell adhesion molecules and chemokines (VCAM-1, E-Selectin, P-Selectin, IL-8, MCP-1) that drive monocyte-endothelium adhesion, along with the enhanced the generation of oxidative stress response mediators in the vascular endothelium. These data together indicate that PM2.5 induced HO-1 upregulation functions as a self-defense response to antagonize endothelial dysfunction by inhibiting HIF1α-mediated RAS activation. Targeting endogenous protective pathway might be helpful to protect from PM2.5-induced cardiovascular injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Xu
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, PR China; Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, PR China
| | - Qing Wen
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, PR China
| | - Xiuduan Xu
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, PR China; Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, PR China
| | - Dengjun Yu
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, PR China; School of Pharmacy,Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, PR China
| | - Zhihui Liu
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, PR China; College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, 46 Jianshe Road, Xinxiang 473007, PR China
| | - Chongchong Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, PR China; Henan University Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, 357 Ximen Road, Kaifeng 475004, PR China
| | - Xiaodan Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, PR China; College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, 46 Jianshe Road, Xinxiang 473007, PR China
| | - Junguo Ma
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, 46 Jianshe Road, Xinxiang 473007, PR China
| | - Hong Zhao
- School of Pharmacy,Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, PR China
| | - Lun Song
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, PR China; Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, PR China; School of Pharmacy,Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, PR China; College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, 46 Jianshe Road, Xinxiang 473007, PR China.
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Feng S, Huang F, Zhang Y, Feng Y, Zhang Y, Cao Y, Wang X. The pathophysiological and molecular mechanisms of atmospheric PM 2.5 affecting cardiovascular health: A review. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 249:114444. [PMID: 38321663 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5, with aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 µm) is a leading environmental risk factor for global cardiovascular health concern. OBJECTIVE To provide a roadmap for those new to this field, we reviewed the new insights into the pathophysiological and cellular/molecular mechanisms of PM2.5 responsible for cardiovascular health. MAIN FINDINGS PM2.5 is able to disrupt multiple physiological barriers integrity and translocate into the systemic circulation and get access to a range of secondary target organs. An ever-growing body of epidemiological and controlled exposure studies has evidenced a causal relationship between PM2.5 exposure and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. A variety of cellular and molecular biology mechanisms responsible for the detrimental cardiovascular outcomes attributable to PM2.5 exposure have been described, including metabolic activation, oxidative stress, genotoxicity, inflammation, dysregulation of Ca2+ signaling, disturbance of autophagy, and induction of apoptosis, by which PM2.5 exposure impacts the functions and fates of multiple target cells in cardiovascular system or related organs and further alters a series of pathophysiological processes, such as cardiac autonomic nervous system imbalance, increasing blood pressure, metabolic disorder, accelerated atherosclerosis and plaque vulnerability, platelet aggregation and thrombosis, and disruption in cardiac structure and function, ultimately leading to cardiovascular events and death. Therein, oxidative stress and inflammation were suggested to play pivotal roles in those pathophysiological processes. CONCLUSION Those biology mechanisms have deepen insights into the etiology, course, prevention and treatment of this public health concern, although the underlying mechanisms have not yet been entirely clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaolong Feng
- The Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposomics and Entire Lifecycle Heath, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou 510640, China; The State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Fangfang Huang
- The Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposomics and Entire Lifecycle Heath, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China
| | - Yuqi Zhang
- The Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposomics and Entire Lifecycle Heath, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China
| | - Yashi Feng
- The Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposomics and Entire Lifecycle Heath, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- The Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposomics and Entire Lifecycle Heath, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China
| | - Yunchang Cao
- The Department of Molecular Biology, School of Intelligent Medicine and Biotechnology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China
| | - Xinming Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou 510640, China; The State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
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Exploring the Link Between the Serum/Blood Levels of Heavy Metals (Pb, As, Cd, and Cu) and 2 Novel Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Stress (Growth Differentiation Factor 15 and Soluble Suppression of Tumorigenicity 2) in Copper Smelter Workers. J Occup Environ Med 2022; 64:976-984. [PMID: 35902369 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000002624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Studying the association between the occupational exposure to Pb, As, Cd, and Cu with the serum levels of 2 novel biomarkers of cardiovascular stress; growth differentiation factor 15 and soluble suppression of tumorigenicity 2, in some Egyptian Cu smelter workers. METHODS Forty-one exposed workers and 41 administrative controls were clinically evaluated. Serum/blood levels of heavy metals and biomarkers were measured for both groups. RESULTS The smelter workers showed significantly elevated levels of heavy metals and biomarkers compared with controls. The elevated serum levels of both biomarkers were significantly and positively correlated with each other, the levels of heavy metals, and the duration of employment of the exposed workers. CONCLUSIONS There was a significant association between the levels of heavy metals and both biomarkers among the smelter workers. Further prospective studies should be performed.
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Sun J, Niu X, Zhang B, Zhang L, Yu J, He K, Zhang T, Wang Q, Xu H, Cao J, Shen Z. Clarifying winter clean heating importance: Insight chemical compositions and cytotoxicity exposure to primary and aged pollution emissions in China rural areas. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 320:115822. [PMID: 35933878 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Residential solid fuel combustion (RSFC) is an important source of PM2.5. Here we investigate the cytotoxicity of primarily emitted and photochemically aged PM2.5 to A549 cells. Owing to the formation of water-soluble ions and organics (e.g., oPAHs and nPAHs), emission factors of PM2.5 were increased by 44.4% on average after 7-day equivalent photochemical aging, which greatly altered chemical profiles of freshly emitted PM2.5. Consequently, the cytotoxicity varied with aging duration that 2-day and 7-day aged PM2.5 induced 22.5% and 35.1%, respectively, higher levels of reactive oxygen species than primary emissions. Similar increases were also observed for multi-cytotoxicity. Correlation analysis and western blot results collectively confirmed HO-1/Nrf-2 signaling pathway dominated the cytotoxicity of aged PM2.5 from RSFC, which was regulated by the enhanced o-PAHs and n-PAHs during photochemical aging. Thus, aged and secondary aerosol exposure needs to be paid more attention due to the enhanced cytotoxicity and the vast crowd involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Sun
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Xinyi Niu
- School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Leiming Zhang
- Air Quality Research Division, Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jinjin Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Kun He
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Tian Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Qiyuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710075, China
| | - Hongmei Xu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Junji Cao
- Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710075, China
| | - Zhenxing Shen
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China.
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Basith S, Manavalan B, Shin TH, Park CB, Lee WS, Kim J, Lee G. The Impact of Fine Particulate Matter 2.5 on the Cardiovascular System: A Review of the Invisible Killer. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12152656. [PMID: 35957086 PMCID: PMC9370264 DOI: 10.3390/nano12152656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Air pollution exerts several deleterious effects on the cardiovascular system, with cardiovascular disease (CVD) accounting for 80% of all premature deaths caused by air pollution. Short-term exposure to particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) leads to acute CVD-associated deaths and nonfatal events, whereas long-term exposure increases CVD-associated risk of death and reduces longevity. Here, we summarize published data illustrating how PM2.5 may impact the cardiovascular system to provide information on the mechanisms by which it may contribute to CVDs. We provide an overview of PM2.5, its associated health risks, global statistics, mechanistic underpinnings related to mitochondria, and hazardous biological effects. We elaborate on the association between PM2.5 exposure and CVD development and examine preventive PM2.5 exposure measures and future strategies for combating PM2.5-related adverse health effects. The insights gained can provide critical guidelines for preventing pollution-related CVDs through governmental, societal, and personal measures, thereby benefitting humanity and slowing climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaherin Basith
- Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea; (S.B.); (T.H.S.); (C.B.P.)
| | - Balachandran Manavalan
- Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Integrative Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea;
| | - Tae Hwan Shin
- Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea; (S.B.); (T.H.S.); (C.B.P.)
| | - Chan Bae Park
- Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea; (S.B.); (T.H.S.); (C.B.P.)
| | - Wang-Soo Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06973, Korea;
| | - Jaetaek Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06973, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.K.); (G.L.)
| | - Gwang Lee
- Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea; (S.B.); (T.H.S.); (C.B.P.)
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.K.); (G.L.)
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Costa A, Pasquinelli G. Air Pollution Exposure Induces Vascular Injury and Hampers Endothelial Repair by Altering Progenitor and Stem Cells Functionality. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:897831. [PMID: 35712669 PMCID: PMC9197257 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.897831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Extensive evidence indicates an association of air pollution exposure with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) development. Fine particulate matter (PM) represents one of the main components of urban pollution, but the mechanisms by which it exerts adverse effects on cardiovascular system remain partially unknown and under investigation. The alteration of endothelial functions and inflammation are among the earliest pathophysiological impacts of environmental exposure on the cardiovascular system and represent critical mediators of PM-induced injury. In this context, endothelial stem/progenitor cells (EPCs) play an important role in vascular homeostasis, endothelial reparative capacity, and vasomotor functionality modulation. Several studies indicate the impairment of EPCs' vascular reparative capacity due to PM exposure. Since a central source of EPCs is bone marrow (BM), their number and function could be related to the population and functional status of stem cells (SCs) of this district. In this review, we provide an overview of the potential mechanisms by which PM exposure hinders vascular repair by the alteration of progenitor and stem cells' functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Costa
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gianandrea Pasquinelli
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Guo LC, Lv Z, Ma W, Xiao J, Lin H, He G, Li X, Zeng W, Hu J, Zhou Y, Li M, Yu S, Xu Y, Zhang J, Zhang H, Liu T. Contribution of heavy metals in PM 2.5 to cardiovascular disease mortality risk, a case study in Guangzhou, China. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 297:134102. [PMID: 35219707 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals play an important role in inducing fine particulate matter (PM2.5) related cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, most of the past researches concerned the associations between CVD mortality and the PM2.5 mass, which may not reveal the CVD mortality risk contributed by heavy metals in PM2.5. This study explored the correlations between individual heavy metals in PM2.5 and CVD mortality, identified the heavy metals that significantly contribute to PM2.5-related CVD, heart disease (HD), and cerebrovascular disease (CEV) mortality, and attempted to establish corresponding source control measures. Over a 2-year study period, PM2.5 was sampled daily in Guangzhou, China and analyzed for heavy metals. The airborne pollution and weather data, along with CVD, HD, and CEV mortality, were obtained at the same time. The excess risk (ER) of mortality was linked to the individual heavy metals using a distributed lag non-linear model. PM2.5 and most heavy metals showed significant correlations with the CVD, HD, and CEV mortality; the largest cumulative ER (LCER) values of CVD mortality associated with an interquartile range increase in the levels of lead, cadmium, arsenic, selenium, antimony, nickel, thallium, aluminum, iron, and PM2.5 were 2.43%, 2.23%, 1.66%, 2.39%, 1.19%, 1.21%, 2.69%, 3.29%, 1.74%, and 2.40%, respectively. Most heavy metals showed comparable LCER values of HD and CEV mortality. Heavy metals with the addition of PM2.5 were divided into three groups following their LCER values; lead, cadmium, arsenic, antimony, thallium, zinc, aluminum, and iron, whose contributions were greater than or equal to the average effect of the PM2.5 components, should be limited on a priority basis. These findings indicated that heavy metals play roles in the CVD, HD, and CEV mortality risk of PM2.5, and specific control measures which aimed at the emission sources should be taken to reduce the CVD mortality risk of PM2.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Chuan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Ecological Effect and Risk Assessment of Chemicals, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Zhanlu Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Ecological Effect and Risk Assessment of Chemicals, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Wenjun Ma
- School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Jianpeng Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 511430, China
| | - Hualiang Lin
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Guanhao He
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 511430, China
| | - Xing Li
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 511430, China
| | - Weilin Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 511430, China
| | - Jianxiong Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 511430, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 511430, China
| | - Min Li
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 511430, China
| | - Shengbing Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 511430, China
| | - Yanjun Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 511430, China
| | - Jinliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Ecological Effect and Risk Assessment of Chemicals, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Han Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Ecological Effect and Risk Assessment of Chemicals, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Tao Liu
- School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
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Comparison of the Concentrations of Heavy Metals in PM2.5 Analyzed in Three Different Global Research Institutions Using X-ray Fluorescence. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12094572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This inter-lab study aimed to evaluate the comparability of heavy metal concentrations in the same samples using three X-ray fluorescence spectrometers (XRFs) in three different global re-search institutions, namely a collaboration lab between Soonchunhyang University (Asan, Korea). and PAN (a branch of Malvern PANalytical, Seoul, Korea), RTI (Research Triangle Institute, NC, U.S.A), and Aerosol laboratory in Harvard University, Boston, U.S.A. Indoor air filter samples were collected from 8 homes using 3 filters in each household (n = 24) of individuals with asthma, and the same filter samples were sequentially analyzed separately in the collaboration lab Soonchunhyang-PAN, Harvard University, and RTI. Results showed the detection rates of most heavy metals (n = 25 metals) across the three institutions to be approximately 90%. Of the 25 metals, 16 showed coefficient of determination (R²) 0.7 or higher (10 components had 0.9 or higher) implying high correlation among institutions. Therefore, this study demonstrated XRF as a useful device, ensuring reproducibility and compatibility in the measurement of heavy metals in PM2.5, collected from indoor air filters of asthmatics’ residents.
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Susceptibility of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease to heart rate difference associated with the short-term exposure to metals in ambient fine particles: A panel study in Beijing, China. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2022; 65:387-397. [PMID: 34008166 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-020-1912-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Susceptibility of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) to cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction associated with exposure to metals in ambient fine particles (PM2.5, particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 µm) remains poorly evidenced. Based on the COPDB (COPD in Beijing) panel study, we aimed to compare the associations of heart rate (HR, an indicator of cardiovascular autonomic function) and exposure to metals in PM2.5 between 53 patients with COPD and 82 healthy controls by using linear mixed-effects models. In all participants, the HR levels were significantly associated with interquartile range increases in the average concentrations of Cr, Zn, and Pb, but the strength of the associations differed by exposure time (from 1.4% for an average 9 days (d) Cr exposure to 3.5% for an average 9 d Zn exposure). HR was positively associated with the average concentrations of PM2.5 and certain metals only in patients with COPD. Associations between HR and exposure to PM2.5, K, Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, and Se in patients with COPD significantly differed from those in health controls. Furthermore, association between HR and Cr exposure was robust in COPD patients. In conclusion, our findings indicate that COPD could exacerbate difference in HR following exposure to metals in PM2.5.
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Tempol Preserves Endothelial Progenitor Cells in Male Mice with Ambient Fine Particulate Matter Exposure. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020327. [PMID: 35203535 PMCID: PMC8869086 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Ambient fine particulate matter (PM) exposure associates with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Major sex differences between males and females exist in epidemiology, pathophysiology, and outcome of CVDs. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) play a vital role in the development and progression of CVDs. PM exposure-induced reduction of EPCs is observed in male, not female, mice with increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and oxidative stress. The lung is considered an important source of ROS in mice with PM exposure. The aim of the present study was to investigate the sex differences in pulmonary superoxide dismutase (SOD) expression and ROS production, and to test the effect of SOD mimic Tempol on the populations of EPCs in mice with PM exposure. Both male and female C57BL/6 mice (8–10 weeks) were exposed to intranasal PM or vehicle for 6 weeks. Flow cytometry analysis demonstrated that PM exposure significantly decreased the levels of EPCs (CD34+/CD133+) in both blood and bone marrow with increased ROS production in males, but not in females. ELISA analysis showed higher levels of serum IL-6 and IL-1βin males than in females. Pulmonary expression of the antioxidant enzyme SOD1 was significantly decreased in males after PM exposure, but not in females. Administration of the SOD mimic Tempol in male mice with PM exposure attenuated the production of ROS and inflammatory cytokines, and preserved EPC levels. These data indicated that PM exposure-induced reduction of EPC population in male mice may be due to decreased expression of pulmonary SOD1 in male mice.
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Chen X, Luan M, Liu J, Yao Y, Li X, Wang T, Zhang H, Han Y, Lu X, Chen W, Hu X, Zheng M, Qiu X, Zhu T. Risk factors in air pollution exposome contributing to higher levels of TNFα in COPD patients. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 159:107034. [PMID: 34906887 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.107034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Air pollutants are found associated with various health effects in chronic obstructive pulmonary patients. Given the complicate chemical components of air pollutants, it is not clear which components are the main risk factors for these health effects. OBJECTIVES Based on the COPD in Beijing (COPDB) study and exposome concept, we examined comprehensively the air pollution components to screen out high-risk factors for systemic inflammation of COPD patients. METHODS Concentrations of PM with aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 μm (PM2.5), ultrafine and accumulated-mode particles (UFPs and Acc), PM2.5-contained carbonaceous components/elements/water soluble ions, gaseous pollutants, temperature, and relative humidity (RH) were continuously monitored around participants. Urinary polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and cotinine, and serum tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) were measured from 53 COPD and 82 non-COPD participants. Lifestyle variables were recorded using follow-up questionnaire. Linear mixed effects (LME) models were used to assess the associations of TNFα differences with exposure to air pollutants, meteorological variations, and lifestyle. RESULTS In COPD patients, the associations of TNFα differences with exposure to ozone, Cd, UFPs, Acc, 2-hydroxydibenzofuran, temperature and RH parameters, and several elements in PM2.5 were significant in certain time-windows. For example, per interquartile range (IQR) increase in average ozone concentration 14 d before visits was associated with 17.3% (95% confidence interval: 6.8%, 27.7%) TNFα difference. Associations between ozone, Cd, UFPs, Acc, the maximum value of RH, and 2-hydroxydibenzofuran exposure and TNFα differences remained robust in two-pollutant models, and contributed to 19.0%, 10.5%, 2.2%, 1.6%, 2.1%, and 1.5% TNFα differences, respectively. Among the high-risk factors for COPD patients, the responses to UFPs, Acc, and 2-hydroxydibenzofuran were not robust in non-COPD participants. DISCUSSION Ozone, Cd, UFPs, Acc, PAHs exposure and RH variation were high-risk factors of systemic inflammation for COPD patients, and the profile of high-risk factors were different from those in general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Hebei Technology Innovation Center of Human Settlement in Green Building, Shenzhen Institute of Building Research Co., Ltd., Xiongan 071700, China
| | - Mengxiao Luan
- BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jinming Liu
- BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yuan Yao
- BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiaoying Li
- BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Teng Wang
- BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Hanxiyue Zhang
- BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yiqun Han
- BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC Centre for Environmental and Health, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Xinchen Lu
- BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wu Chen
- BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xinyan Hu
- BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Mei Zheng
- BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xinghua Qiu
- BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Tong Zhu
- BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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15
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Sun J, Yu J, Shen Z, Niu X, Wang D, Wang X, Xu H, Chuang HC, Cao J, Ho KF. Oxidative stress-inducing effects of various urban PM 2.5 road dust on human lung epithelial cells among 10 Chinese megacities. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 224:112680. [PMID: 34418851 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
PM2.5 Road dust samples were collected from 10 representative cities in southern and northern China for examination of chemical components and oxidative stress levels in A549 cells. Downtown road dust was abundance of heavy metals, EC and PAHs compared to nondowntown road dust. Source apportionment also revealed the relative higher contribution of vehicle emission to downtown (35.8%) than nondowntown road dust (25.5%). Consequently, downtown road dust induced much higher intracellular reactive oxidative species (ROS) levels than that from nondowntown (p < 0.05). This study highlights that the ROS-inducing capacity of road dust in China is lower at lower latitudes, which resulted in a significantly higher ROS-inducing capacity of road dust from northern cities than southern ones. Hotspot analysis demonstrated that heavy metals (i.e., Cr, Zn, Cu and Pb) in road dust were the most closely associated with ROS production in A549 cells. Vehicle emission and combustion emission in road dust were identified to be correlated with cellular ROS production. The findings highlight the ROS-inducing effect of PM2.5 road dust and also serve as a reference to make the targeted solutions for urban road dust pollution control, especially from a public health perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Sun
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Jinjin Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Zhenxing Shen
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Xinyi Niu
- School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Diwei Wang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA
| | - Hongmei Xu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Hsiao-Chi Chuang
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Junji Cao
- Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710075, China
| | - Kin-Fai Ho
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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16
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Liu X, Xiao Y, Zhu Q, Cui Y, Hao H, Wang M, Cowan PJ, Korthuis RJ, Li G, Sun Q, Liu Z. Circulating Endothelial Progenitor Cells Are Preserved in Female Mice Exposed to Ambient Fine Particulate Matter Independent of Estrogen. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22137200. [PMID: 34281260 PMCID: PMC8268796 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Males have a higher risk for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) than females. Ambient fine particulate matter (PM) exposure increases CVD risk with increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and oxidative stress. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are important to vascular structure and function and can contribute to the development of CVDs. The aims of the present study were to determine if sex differences exist in the effect of PM exposure on circulating EPCs in mice and, if so, whether oxidative stress plays a role. Male and female C57BL/6 mice (8–10 weeks old) were exposed to PM or a vehicle control for six weeks. ELISA analysis showed that PM exposure substantially increased the serum levels of IL-6 and IL-1β in both males and females, but the concentrations were significantly higher in males. PM exposure only increased the serum levels of TNF-α in males. Flow cytometry analysis demonstrated that ROS production was significantly increased by PM treatment in males but not in females. Similarly, the level of circulating EPCs (CD34+/CD133+ and Sca-1+/Flk-1+) was significantly decreased by PM treatment in males but not in females. Antioxidants N-acetylcysteine (NAC) effectively prevented PM exposure-induced ROS and inflammatory cytokine production and restored circulating EPC levels in male mice. In sharp contrast, circulating EPC levels remained unchanged in female mice with PM exposure, an effect that was not altered by ovariectomy. In conclusion, PM exposure selectively decreased the circulating EPC population in male mice via increased oxidative stress without a significant impact on circulating EPCs in females independent of estrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanyou Liu
- Center for Precision Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; (X.L.); (Y.X.); (Q.Z.); (Y.C.); (H.H.); (M.W.)
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA;
| | - Yichao Xiao
- Center for Precision Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; (X.L.); (Y.X.); (Q.Z.); (Y.C.); (H.H.); (M.W.)
| | - Qingyi Zhu
- Center for Precision Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; (X.L.); (Y.X.); (Q.Z.); (Y.C.); (H.H.); (M.W.)
| | - Yuqi Cui
- Center for Precision Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; (X.L.); (Y.X.); (Q.Z.); (Y.C.); (H.H.); (M.W.)
| | - Hong Hao
- Center for Precision Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; (X.L.); (Y.X.); (Q.Z.); (Y.C.); (H.H.); (M.W.)
| | - Meifang Wang
- Center for Precision Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; (X.L.); (Y.X.); (Q.Z.); (Y.C.); (H.H.); (M.W.)
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA;
| | - Peter J. Cowan
- Immunology Research Centre, Department of Medicine, St. Vincent’s Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3065, Australia;
| | - Ronald J. Korthuis
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA;
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Guangfu Li
- Department of Surgery and Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA;
| | - Qinghua Sun
- College of Public Health, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
| | - Zhenguo Liu
- Center for Precision Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; (X.L.); (Y.X.); (Q.Z.); (Y.C.); (H.H.); (M.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-573-884-3278
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17
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Kao CL, Fang GC, Gao WS, Zhuang YJ. Concentrations, sizes distributions, and seasonal variations of ambient air pollutants (particulates, trace metals) in Daya/Xitun District, Taichung, Central Taiwan: a case study at Taichung Science Park. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2021; 56:824-834. [PMID: 34125005 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2021.1936988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Taichung Science Park in central Taiwan releases ambient air pollutants to the atmosphere. This issue has attracted much attention over the past few years. This study concerns seasonal concentrations of atmospheric particles and metallic elements and particle size distributions. A M.O.U.D.I sampler is used at a Taichung Science Park sampling site to obtain relevant data. Fe, followed by Al, had the highest average metallic element concentrations in particles of various sizes (PM18, PM10, PM2.5, PM1 and PM<1(0.3)); Cd had the lowest. The average concentrations of metallic elements in particles of various sizes were lowest in the summer. Fe, Al and Cr had the three highest concentrations among all metallic elements for all particles sizes in all seasons. Ambient air particulate pollutants (crustal and anthropogenic metallic elements) were released from a single emission source at Taichung Science Park site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Lang Kao
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Chin-Yi University of Technology, Taiping District, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Guor-Cheng Fang
- Department of Safety, Health, and Environmental Engineering, Hungkuang University, Shalu District, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Shun Gao
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Chin-Yi University of Technology, Taiping District, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Jie Zhuang
- Department of Safety, Health, and Environmental Engineering, Hungkuang University, Shalu District, Taichung, Taiwan
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18
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Wang B, Chen H, Xenaki D, Liao J, Cowie C, Oliver BG. Differential inflammatory and toxic effects in-vitro of wood smoke and traffic-related particulate matter from Sydney, Australia. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 272:129616. [PMID: 33482518 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is well known that PM2.5 generated by traffic or burning wood is pro-inflammatory and induces various adverse health outcomes in humans. In Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, the main anthropogenic contributors to particulate matter (PM) air pollution are wood combustion heaters, on-road vehicles, and coal-fired power stations. However, the relative toxicity of these local sources has not to date been investigated. METHOD PM2.5 was collected on filters from the same sampling site in Liverpool, one suburb of Sydney. According to the positive matrix factorisation and collection season, filters were representative of either day with high traffic-related air pollution (TRAP), wood smoke, or both TRAP and woodsmoke (mixed air pollution). The elemental composition of the PM was assessed by accelerator-based ion beam analysis techniques (i.e. PIXE & PIGE) and size by Dynamic Light Scattering. Toxicity and inflammation were assessed in-vitro in human bronchial epithelial cells by measuring interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8) release, and MTT. RESULTS Mixed air pollution (TRAP/wood smoke) PM had more nanometer (nm) sized PM than the other two groups. Using an in-vitro model of the lungs, the mixed air pollution PM was the most toxic, whereas the PM from woodsmoke induced greater IL-6 release than TRAP PM. There was no difference in the induction of IL-8 between the three sources of PM. CONCLUSION Marked differences occur in the cellular response to PM from different sources, with differences in both toxicity and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoming Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Hui Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Dia Xenaki
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jiayan Liao
- Institute for Biomedical Materials and Devices, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Christine Cowie
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; South West Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia; Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Brian G Oliver
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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19
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Zhou L, Tao Y, Li H, Niu Y, Li L, Kan H, Xie J, Chen R. Acute effects of fine particulate matter constituents on cardiopulmonary function in a panel of COPD patients. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 770:144753. [PMID: 33515878 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) has been linked with adverse cardiorespiratory health conditions. However, evidence for PM2.5 constituents is still scarce, especially among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). OBJECTIVE To investigate the associations of short-term exposure to different chemical constituents of PM2.5 with measures of cardiac and lung function in COPD patients. METHODS We conducted a retrospective panel study among 100 COPD patients who received repeated measures of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC) and peak expiratory flow (PEF) in Shanghai, China from August 2014 to September 2019. Daily PM2.5 and PM2.5 constituents were obtained from fixed-site monitoring station. Linear mixed-effects models were used to estimate the associations of PM2.5. RESULTS We found water-soluble ions of PM2.5, mainly NO3-, SO42-, and NH4+ were robustly associated with reduced LVEF, and the reductions in LVEF associated with an IQR increase of them ranged from 1.8% to 2.0% (lag 1 d). Metal constituents such as Cu and As were associated with FEV1, FVC and PEF. The corresponding reductions in lung function parameters for an IQR increase of them ranged from 1.4% to 2.3% (lag 0 or 1 d). These associations remained relatively robust after adjusting for total PM2.5 mass and gaseous pollutants. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that water-soluble ions and several metal/metalloid elements might be important constituents in PM2.5 that were associated with reduced cardiorespiratory function among COPD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhou
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Yingmin Tao
- Division of General Practice, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Huichu Li
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H.Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Yue Niu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Liang Li
- Division of General Practice, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Haidong Kan
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Juan Xie
- Division of General Practice, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Renjie Chen
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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20
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Singh P, O'Toole TE, Conklin DJ, Hill BG, Haberzettl P. Endothelial progenitor cells as critical mediators of environmental air pollution-induced cardiovascular toxicity. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2021; 320:H1440-H1455. [PMID: 33606580 PMCID: PMC8260385 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00804.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Environmental air pollution exposure is a leading cause of death worldwide, and with increasing industrialization and urbanization, its disease burden is expected to rise even further. The majority of air pollution exposure-associated deaths are linked to cardiovascular disease (CVD). Although ample research demonstrates a strong correlation between air pollution exposure and CVD risk, the mechanisms by which inhalation of polluted air affects cardiovascular health are not completely understood. Inhalation of environmental air pollution has been associated with endothelial dysfunction, which suggests that air pollution exposure impacts CVD health by inducing endothelial injury. Interestingly, recent studies demonstrate that air pollution exposure affects the number and function of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), subpopulations of bone marrow-derived proangiogenic cells that have been shown to play an essential role in maintaining cardiovascular health. In line with their beneficial function, chronically low levels of circulating EPCs and EPC dysfunction (e.g., in diabetic patients) have been associated with vascular dysfunction, poor cardiovascular health, and increases in the severity of cardiovascular outcomes. In contrast, treatments that improve EPC number and function (e.g., exercise) have been found to attenuate cardiovascular dysfunction. Considering the critical, nonredundant role of EPCs in maintaining vascular health, air pollution exposure-induced impairments in EPC number and function could lead to endothelial dysfunction, consequently increasing the risk for CVD. This review article covers novel aspects and new mechanistic insights of the adverse effects of air pollution exposure on cardiovascular health associated with changes in EPC number and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parul Singh
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Diabetes and Obesity Center, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Timothy E O'Toole
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Diabetes and Obesity Center, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Daniel J Conklin
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Diabetes and Obesity Center, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Bradford G Hill
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Diabetes and Obesity Center, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Petra Haberzettl
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Diabetes and Obesity Center, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
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21
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Morakinyo OM, Mukhola MS, Mokgobu MI. Health Risk Analysis of Elemental Components of an Industrially Emitted Respirable Particulate Matter in an Urban Area. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18073653. [PMID: 33915712 PMCID: PMC8036924 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18073653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Particulate matter of aerodynamic diameter of less than 2.5 µm (PM2.5) is a recognised carcinogen and a priority air pollutant owing to its respirable and toxic chemical components. There is a dearth of information in South Africa on cancer and non-cancer risks of exposure to heavy metal (HM) content of PM2.5. This study determined the seasonal concentration of HM in PM2.5 and the cancer and non-cancer risks of exposure to HM in PM2.5. Ambient PM2.5 was monitored and samples were collected during the winter and summer months in an industrialized area in South Africa. Concentration levels of nine HMs—As, Cu, Cd, Cr, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn—were determined in the PM2.5 samples using inductive coupled optical emission spectrophotometry. The non-cancer and cancer risks of each metal through the inhalation, ingestion and dermal routes were estimated using the Hazard Quotient and Excess Lifetime Cancer Risk (ELCR), respectively, among infants, children, and adults. Mean concentration of each HM-bound PM2.5 was higher in winter than in summer. The probability of the HM to induce non-cancer effects was higher during winter than in summer. The mean ELCR for HMs in PM2.5 (5.24 × 10−2) was higher than the acceptable limit of 10−6 to 10−4. The carcinogenic risk from As, Cd, Cr, Ni, and Pb were higher than the acceptable limit for all age groups. The risk levels for the carcinogenic HMs followed the order: Cr > As > Cd > Ni > Pb. The findings indicated that the concentrations of HM in PM2.5 demonstrated a season-dependent pattern and could trigger cancer and non-cancer health risks. The formulation of a regulatory standard for HM in South Africa and its enforcement will help in reducing human exposure to HM-bound PM2.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oyewale Mayowa Morakinyo
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (M.S.M.); (M.I.M.)
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Faculty of Public Health, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan 200284, Nigeria
- Correspondence:
| | - Murembiwa Stanley Mukhola
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (M.S.M.); (M.I.M.)
| | - Matlou Ingrid Mokgobu
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (M.S.M.); (M.I.M.)
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22
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Alexeeff SE, Liao NS, Liu X, Van Den Eeden SK, Sidney S. Long-Term PM 2.5 Exposure and Risks of Ischemic Heart Disease and Stroke Events: Review and Meta-Analysis. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 10:e016890. [PMID: 33381983 PMCID: PMC7955467 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.016890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Background Fine particulate matter <2.5 µm in diameter (PM2.5) has known effects on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. However, no study has quantified and compared the risks of incident myocardial infarction, incident stroke, ischemic heart disease (IHD) mortality, and cerebrovascular mortality in relation to long‐term PM2.5 exposure. Methods and Results We sought to quantitatively summarize studies of long‐term PM2.5 exposure and risk of IHD and stroke events by conducting a review and meta‐analysis of studies published by December 31, 2019. The main outcomes were myocardial infarction, stroke, IHD mortality, and cerebrovascular mortality. Random effects meta‐analyses were used to estimate the combined risk of each outcome among studies. We reviewed 69 studies and included 42 studies in the meta‐analyses. In meta‐analyses, we found that a 10‐µg/m3 increase in long‐term PM2.5 exposure was associated with an increased risk of 23% for IHD mortality (95% CI, 15%–31%), 24% for cerebrovascular mortality (95% CI, 13%–36%), 13% for incident stroke (95% CI, 11%–15%), and 8% for incident myocardial infarction (95% CI, −1% to 18%). There were an insufficient number of studies of recurrent stroke and recurrent myocardial infarction to conduct meta‐analyses. Conclusions Long‐term PM2.5 exposure is associated with increased risks of IHD mortality, cerebrovascular mortality, and incident stroke. The relationship with incident myocardial infarction is suggestive of increased risk but not conclusive. More research is needed to understand the relationship with recurrent events.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xi Liu
- Kaiser Permanente Division of Research Oakland CA
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23
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Sun J, Shen Z, Niu X, Zhang Y, Zhang B, Zhang T, He K, Xu H, Liu S, Ho SSH, Li X, Cao J. Cytotoxicity and Potential Pathway to Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Induced by PM 2.5 Emitted from Raw Coal Chunks and Clean Coal Combustion. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:14482-14493. [PMID: 33138382 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c02236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Coal combustion emits a large amount of PM2.5 (particulate matters with aerodynamic diameters less than 2.5 μm) and causes adverse damages to the cardiovascular system. In this study, emissions from anthracite and bitumite were examined. Red mud (RM) acts as an additive and is mixed in coal briquettes with a content of 0-10% as a single variable to demonstrate the reduction in the PM2.5 emissions. Burnt in a regulated combustion chamber, the 10% RM-containing bitumite and anthracite briquettes showed 52.3 and 18.6% reduction in PM2.5, respectively, compared with their chunk coals. Lower cytotoxicity (in terms of oxidative stresses and inflammation factors) was observed for PM2.5 emitted from the RM-containing briquettes than those from non-RM briquettes, especially for the bitumite groups. Besides, the results of western blotting illustrated that the inhibition of NF-κB and MAPK was the potential pathway for the reduction of cytokine levels by the RM addition. The regression analyses further demonstrated that the reduction was attributed to the lower emissions of transition metals (i.e., Mn) and PAHs (i.e., acenaphthene). This pilot study provides solid evidence for the cytotoxicity to vascular smooth muscle cells induced by PM2.5 from coal combustion and potential solutions for reducing the emission of toxic pollutants from human health perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Sun
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Zhenxing Shen
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Xinyi Niu
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Tian Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Kun He
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Hongmei Xu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Suixin Liu
- Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Steven Sai Hang Ho
- Divison of Atmospheric Sciences, Desert Research Institute, Reno, Nevada 89512, United States
| | - Xuxiang Li
- School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Junji Cao
- Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710049, China
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24
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Shkirkova K, Lamorie-Foote K, Connor M, Patel A, Barisano G, Baertsch H, Liu Q, Morgan TE, Sioutas C, Mack WJ. Effects of ambient particulate matter on vascular tissue: a review. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART B, CRITICAL REVIEWS 2020; 23:319-350. [PMID: 32972334 PMCID: PMC7758078 DOI: 10.1080/10937404.2020.1822971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Fine and ultra-fine particulate matter (PM) are major constituents of urban air pollution and recognized risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. This review examined the effects of PM exposure on vascular tissue. Specific mechanisms by which PM affects the vasculature include inflammation, oxidative stress, actions on vascular tone and vasomotor responses, as well as atherosclerotic plaque formation. Further, there appears to be a greater PM exposure effect on susceptible individuals with pre-existing cardiovascular conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Krista Lamorie-Foote
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, University of Southern California
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California
| | - Michelle Connor
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, University of Southern California
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California
| | - Arati Patel
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, University of Southern California
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California
| | | | - Hans Baertsch
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, University of Southern California
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California
| | - Qinghai Liu
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, University of Southern California
| | - Todd E. Morgan
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California
| | - Constantinos Sioutas
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California
| | - William J. Mack
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, University of Southern California
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California
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25
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Zychowski KE, Wheeler A, Sanchez B, Harmon M, Steadman Tyler CR, Herbert G, Lucas SN, Ali AM, Avasarala S, Kunda N, Robinson P, Muttil P, Cerrato JM, Bleske B, Smirnova O, Campen MJ. Toxic Effects of Particulate Matter Derived from Dust Samples Near the Dzhidinski Ore Processing Mill, Eastern Siberia, Russia. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2020; 19:401-411. [PMID: 30963444 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-019-09507-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Ambient particulate matter (PM) is associated with increased mortality and morbidity, an effect influenced by the metal components of the PM. We characterized five sediment samples obtained near a tungsten-molybdenum ore-processing complex in Zakamensk, Russia for elemental composition and PM toxicity with regard to pulmonary, vascular, and neurological outcomes. Elemental and trace metals analysis of complete sediment and PM10 (the respirable fraction, < 10 µm mass mean aerodynamic diameter) were performed using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Sediment samples and PM10 consisted largely of silicon and iron and silicon and sodium, respectively. Trace metals including manganese and uranium in the complete sediment, as well as copper and lead in the PM10 were observed. Notably, metal concentrations were approximately 10 × higher in the PM10 than in the sediment. Exposure to 100 µg of PM10 via oropharyngeal aspiration in C56BL/6 mice resulted in pulmonary inflammation across all groups. In addition, mice exposed to three of the five PM10 samples exhibited impaired endothelial-dependent relaxation, and correlative analysis revealed associations between pulmonary inflammation and levels of lead and cadmium. A tendency for elevated cortical ccl2 and Tnf-α mRNA expression was induced by all samples and significant upregulation was noted following exposure to PM10 samples Z3 and Z4, respectively. Cortical Nqo1 mRNA levels were significantly upregulated in mice exposed to PM10 Z2. In conclusion, pulmonary exposure to PM samples from the Zakamensk region sediments induced varied pulmonary and systemic effects that may be influenced by elemental PM composition. Further investigation is needed to pinpoint putative drivers of neurological outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine E Zychowski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of New Mexico-Health Sciences Center, MSC09 5360, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Abigail Wheeler
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of New Mexico-Health Sciences Center, MSC09 5360, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Bethany Sanchez
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of New Mexico-Health Sciences Center, MSC09 5360, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Molly Harmon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of New Mexico-Health Sciences Center, MSC09 5360, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | | | - Guy Herbert
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of New Mexico-Health Sciences Center, MSC09 5360, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Selita N Lucas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of New Mexico-Health Sciences Center, MSC09 5360, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Abdul-Mehdi Ali
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Sumant Avasarala
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Nitesh Kunda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of New Mexico-Health Sciences Center, MSC09 5360, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Paul Robinson
- Southwest Research and Information Center, Albuquerque, NM, 87196, USA
| | - Pavan Muttil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of New Mexico-Health Sciences Center, MSC09 5360, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Jose M Cerrato
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Barry Bleske
- Pharmacy Practice and Administrative Sciences, University of New Mexico-Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Olga Smirnova
- Geological Institute, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Matthew J Campen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of New Mexico-Health Sciences Center, MSC09 5360, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA.
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26
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Pan SC, Huang CC, Chin WS, Chen BY, Chan CC, Guo YL. Association between air pollution exposure and diabetic retinopathy among diabetics. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 181:108960. [PMID: 31785778 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to air pollution has been linked to adverse effects on vascular diseases. However, the effects of air pollution exposure on diabetic retinopathy (DR), a vascular disease, have not been studied. OBJECTIVE To determine the association of ambient air pollution exposure with DR risk. METHODS Patients newly diagnosed as having diabetes mellitus (DM) during 2003-2012 from Longitudinal Health Insurance Database 2005), a subset of National Health Insurance Research Database, were included as the study cohort. Newly diagnosed DR patients one year or later after DM diagnosis were identified as cases. Kriging was used to interpolate yearly concentrations of air pollutants at township levels and linked with every individual's residence in each year; average concentrations during the follow-up period were then calculated as personal exposure. Conditional logistic regressions with adjustments for age at DM diagnosis and comorbidities were applied. RESULTS Of newly diagnosed DM cases during 2003-2012, 579 were newly diagnosed as having DR over a mean follow-up period of 5.6 years. The Odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of DR occurrence for every 10-μg/m3 increase in particulate matter with ≤2.5 and 2.5-10-μm diameter was 1.29 (1.11-1.50) and 1.37 (1.17-1.61), respectively. CONCLUSION In patients with DM, the higher particulate matter exposure, the higher is the DR risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Chun Pan
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Ching-Chun Huang
- Environmental and Occupational Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University (NTU) and NTU Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Wei-Shan Chin
- School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Bing-Yu Chen
- Department of Medical Research and Development, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan.
| | - Chang-Chuan Chan
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Yue Leon Guo
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Environmental and Occupational Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University (NTU) and NTU Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institute, Miaoli, Taiwan.
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27
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Long MH, Zhu XM, Wang Q, Chen Y, Gan XD, Li F, Fu WL, Xing WW, Xu DQ, Xu DG. PM2.5 exposure induces vascular dysfunction via NO generated by iNOS in lung of ApoE-/- mouse. Int J Biol Sci 2020; 16:49-60. [PMID: 31892845 PMCID: PMC6930374 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.36073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PM2.5 exposure exacerbates cardiovascular diseases via oxidative stress and inflammation, the detailed mechanism of which is unclear. In this study, the effects of oxidative stress and inflammation, as well as vascular structure and function were studied by multiple PM2.5 exposure model of ApoE-/- mice. The results indicated that NO produced by iNOS not cNOS might play important roles in inducing vascular dysfunction after PM2.5 exposure. The occurrence order and causality among NO, other oxidative stress indicators and inflammation is explored by single PM2.5 exposure. The results showed that NO generated by iNOS occurred earlier than that of other oxidative stress indicators, which was followed by the increased inflammation. Inhibition of NOS could effectively block the raise of NO, oxidative stress and inflammation after PM2.5 exposure. All in all, we firstly confirmed that NO was the initiation factor of PM2.5 exposure-induced oxidative stress, which led to inflammation and the following vascular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Hui Long
- Institute of Military Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Zhu
- Institute of Military Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Qin Wang
- National Institute of Environmental Health Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Yao Chen
- Institute of Military Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Xiang-Dong Gan
- Institute of Military Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Fei Li
- Institute of Military Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Wen-Liang Fu
- Institute of Military Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Wei-Wei Xing
- Institute of Military Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Dong-Qun Xu
- National Institute of Environmental Health Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Dong-Gang Xu
- Institute of Military Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Beijing, 100850, China
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28
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Signorelli SS, Oliveri Conti G, Zanobetti A, Baccarelli A, Fiore M, Ferrante M. Effect of particulate matter-bound metals exposure on prothrombotic biomarkers: A systematic review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 177:108573. [PMID: 31323394 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Environmental pollution is an important modifiable determinant for preventing cardiovascular diseases. Acute exposure to air pollution is linked to severe adverse cardiovascular events, including venous thromboembolism risk. The adverse health effects seem to arise from blood-borne metals and transition metal components from exposure to particulate matter that, when breathed, passes through the lungs into the heart and the blood stream. Pollution affects health via mechanisms including oxidative stress and inflammation, and metals may have a detrimental effect on both the blood cells, particularly platelets, and circulation. Some evidences demonstrates atherotrombotic consequences of acute and chronic exposure to air pollution, but few studies have examined exposure effects on the prothrombotic biomarkers leading to venous thromboembolism. Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) methodology, we performed a systematic review (14 papers) of the past twelve years, focusing on the relationship between inhalable airborne metal exposures and coagulative biomarker disorders leading to lower limb venous thromboembolisms, e.g., deep vein thrombosis. Results support the hypothesis that exposure to inhalable metals, as elemental compounds in particulate matter, cause changes or activation of a number of human prothrombotic hemostatic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gea Oliveri Conti
- Environmental and Food Hygiene Laboratories (LIAA) - Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", Catania University, Catania, Italy
| | - Antonella Zanobetti
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrea Baccarelli
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maria Fiore
- Environmental and Food Hygiene Laboratories (LIAA) - Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", Catania University, Catania, Italy
| | - Margherita Ferrante
- Environmental and Food Hygiene Laboratories (LIAA) - Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", Catania University, Catania, Italy.
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Lu Y, Lin S, Fatmi Z, Malashock D, Hussain MM, Siddique A, Carpenter DO, Lin Z, Khwaja HA. Assessing the association between fine particulate matter (PM 2.5) constituents and cardiovascular diseases in a mega-city of Pakistan. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 252:1412-1422. [PMID: 31260941 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.06.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Concerning PM2.5 concentrations, rapid industrialization, along with increase in cardiovascular disease (CVD) were recorded in Pakistan, especially in urban areas. The degree to which air pollution contributes to the increase in the burden of CVD in Pakistan has not been assessed due to lack of data. This study aims to describe the characteristics of PM2.5 constituents and investigate the impact of individual PM2.5 constituent on cardiovascular morbidity in Karachi, a mega city in Pakistan. Daily levels of twenty-one constituents of PM2.5 were analyzed using samples collected at two sites from fall 2008 to summer 2009 in Karachi. Hospital admission and emergency room visits due to CVD were collected from two large hospitals. Negative Binominal Regression was used to estimate associations between pollutants and the risk of CVD. All PM2.5 constituents were assessed in single-pollutant models and selected constituents were assessed in multi-pollutant models adjusting for PM2.5 mass and gaseous pollutants. The most common CVD subtypes among our participants were ischemic heart disease, hypertension, heart failure, and cardiomyopathy. Extremely high levels of PM2.5 constituents from fossil-fuels combustion and industrial emissions were observed, with notable peaks in winter. The most consistent associations were found between exposure to nickel (5-14% increase per interquartile range) and cardiovascular hospital admissions. Suggestive evidence was also observed for associations between cardiovascular hospital admissions and Al, Fe, Ti, and nitrate. Our findings suggested that PM2.5 generated from fossil-fuels combustion and road dust resuspension were associated with the increased risk of CVD in Pakistan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Lu
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1 University Place, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA
| | - Shao Lin
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1 University Place, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1 University Place, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA
| | - Zafar Fatmi
- Environmental and Occupational Health & Injuries Unit, Department of Community Health Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Daniel Malashock
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, George Washington University Milken Institute School of Public Health, Washington DC, USA
| | - Mirza M Hussain
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Azhar Siddique
- Department of Public Health, Ministry of Public Health, Doha, Qatar
| | - David O Carpenter
- Institute for the Health and the Environment, University at Albany, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Ziqiang Lin
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, College of Arts and Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, NY 12222, USA; Department of Psychiatry, New York University Langone School of Medicine, One Park Ave, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Haider A Khwaja
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1 University Place, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA; Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA.
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30
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Brokamp C, Strawn JR, Beck AF, Ryan P. Pediatric Psychiatric Emergency Department Utilization and Fine Particulate Matter: A Case-Crossover Study. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2019; 127:97006. [PMID: 31553231 PMCID: PMC6792357 DOI: 10.1289/ehp4815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute exposure to ambient particulate matter < 2.5 μ m in aerodynamic diameter (PM 2.5 ) has been associated with adult psychiatric exacerbations but has not been studied in children. OBJECTIVES Our objectives were to estimate the association between acute exposures to ambient PM 2.5 and psychiatric emergency department (ED) utilization and to determine if it is modified by community deprivation. METHODS We used a time-stratified case-crossover design to analyze all pediatric, psychiatric ED encounters at Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center in Cincinnati, Ohio, from 2011 to 2015 (n = 13,176 ). Conditional logistic regression models adjusted for temperature, humidity, and holiday effects were used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) for a psychiatric ED visit 0-3 d after ambient PM 2.5 exposures, estimated at residential addresses using a spatiotemporal model. RESULTS A 10 - μ g / m 3 increase in PM 2.5 was associated with a significant increase in any psychiatric ED utilization 1 [OR = 1.07 (95% CI: 1.02, 1.12)] and 2 [OR = 1.05 (95% CI: 1.00, 1.10)] d later. When stratified by visit reason, associations were significant for ED visits related to adjustment disorder {e.g., 1-d lag [OR = 1.24 (95% CI: 1.02, 1.52)] and suicidality 1-d lag [OR = 1.44 (95% CI: 1.03, 2.02)]}. There were significant differences according to community deprivation, with some lags showing stronger associations among children in high versus low deprivation areas for ED visits for anxiety {1-d lag [OR = 1.39 (95% CI: 0.96, 2.01) vs. 0.85 (95% CI: 0.62, 1.17)] and suicidality same day [OR = 1.98 (95% CI: 1.22, 3.23) vs. 0.93 (95% CI: 0.60, 1.45)]}. In contrast, for some lags, associations with ED visits for adjustment disorder were weaker for children in high-deprivation areas {1-d lag [OR = 1.00 (95% CI: 0.76, 1.33) vs. 1.50 (95% CI: 1.16, 1.93)]}. DISCUSSION These findings warrant additional research to confirm the associations in other populations. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP4815.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cole Brokamp
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center; Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- University of Cincinnati; Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Jeffrey R. Strawn
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center; Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- University of Cincinnati; Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Andrew F. Beck
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center; Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- University of Cincinnati; Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Patrick Ryan
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center; Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- University of Cincinnati; Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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Abplanalp W, Haberzettl P, Bhatnagar A, Conklin DJ, O'Toole TE. Carnosine Supplementation Mitigates the Deleterious Effects of Particulate Matter Exposure in Mice. J Am Heart Assoc 2019; 8:e013041. [PMID: 31234700 PMCID: PMC6662354 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.119.013041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Exposure to fine airborne particulate matter ( PM 2.5) induces quantitative and qualitative defects in bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells of mice, and similar outcomes in humans may contribute to vascular dysfunction and the cardiovascular morbidity and mortality associated with PM 2.5 exposure. Nevertheless, mechanisms underlying the pervasive effects of PM 2.5 are unclear and effective interventional strategies to mitigate against PM 2.5 toxicity are lacking. Furthermore, whether PM 2.5 exposure affects other types of bone marrow stem cells leading to additional hematological or immunological dysfunction is not clear. Methods and Results Mice given normal drinking water or that supplemented with carnosine, a naturally occurring, nucleophilic di-peptide that binds reactive aldehydes, were exposed to filtered air or concentrated ambient particles. Mice drinking normal water and exposed to concentrated ambient particles demonstrated a depletion of bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells but no change in mesenchymal stem cells. However, HSC depletion was significantly attenuated when the mice were placed on drinking water containing carnosine. Carnosine supplementation also increased the levels of carnosine-propanal conjugates in the urine of CAPs-exposed mice and prevented the concentrated ambient particles-induced dysfunction of endothelial progenitor cells as assessed by in vitro and in vivo assays. Conclusions These results suggest that exposure to PM 2.5 has pervasive effects on different bone marrow stem cell populations and that PM 2.5-induced hematopoietic stem cells depletion, endothelial progenitor cell dysfunction, and defects in vascular repair can be mitigated by excess carnosine. Carnosine supplementation may be a viable approach for preventing PM 2.5-induced immune dysfunction and cardiovascular injury in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley Abplanalp
- Department of MedicineDiabetes and Obesity CenterUniversity of LouisvilleKY
| | - Petra Haberzettl
- Department of MedicineDiabetes and Obesity CenterUniversity of LouisvilleKY
- Envirome InstituteUniversity of LouisvilleKY
| | - Aruni Bhatnagar
- Department of MedicineDiabetes and Obesity CenterUniversity of LouisvilleKY
- Envirome InstituteUniversity of LouisvilleKY
| | - Daniel J. Conklin
- Department of MedicineDiabetes and Obesity CenterUniversity of LouisvilleKY
- Envirome InstituteUniversity of LouisvilleKY
| | - Timothy E. O'Toole
- Department of MedicineDiabetes and Obesity CenterUniversity of LouisvilleKY
- Envirome InstituteUniversity of LouisvilleKY
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Jantzen K, Jensen A, Kermanizadeh A, Elholm G, Sigsgaard T, Møller P, Roursgaard M, Loft S. Inhalation of House Dust and Ozone Alters Systemic Levels of Endothelial Progenitor Cells, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammation in Elderly Subjects. Toxicol Sci 2019; 163:353-363. [PMID: 29767793 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfy027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ambient air pollution including ozone and especially particulate matter represents important causes of cardiovascular disease. However, there is limited knowledge on indoor air dust with respect to this risk and the potential interactions between dust and ozone. Here, we exposed 23 healthy elderly subjects for 5.5 h, to either clean air, house dust at 275 µg/m3 (diameter < 2.5 µm), ozone at 100 ppb or combined house dust and ozone in a double-blinded randomized cross-over study. The combined house dust and ozone exposure was associated with a 48% (95% CI 24%-65%) decrease as compared with the clean air exposure, in CD34+KDR+ late endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) per leukocyte in the blood shortly after exposure, whereas none of the single exposures resulted in a significant effect. The combined exposure also increased reactive oxygen species production capacity in granulocytes and monocytes as well as an up-regulation of interleukin-8 mRNA levels in leukocytes. Ozone alone reduced the gene expression of tumor necrosis factor and C-C motif chemokine ligand 2, while dust alone showed no effects. The combined exposure to house dust and ozone also reduced levels of oxidized purines in DNA consistent with concomitant up-regulation of mRNA of the repair enzyme 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase. The reduction in late EPCs can be an indicator of cardiovascular risk caused by the combination of pulmonary oxidative stress induced by ozone and the inflammatory potential of the house dust. These data were corroborated with in vitro findings from exposed human macrophages and endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Jantzen
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1014 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Annie Jensen
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1014 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ali Kermanizadeh
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1014 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Grethe Elholm
- Section of Environment, Occupation and Health, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Torben Sigsgaard
- Section of Environment, Occupation and Health, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Peter Møller
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1014 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martin Roursgaard
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1014 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Steffen Loft
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1014 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Du J, Zhang X, Huang T, Gao H, Mo J, Mao X, Ma J. Removal of PM 2.5 and secondary inorganic aerosols in the North China Plain by dry deposition. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 651:2312-2322. [PMID: 30332664 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The North China Plain (NCP) has experienced heavy air pollution in the past several decades featured by high levels of fine particulate matter (PM2.5). PM2.5 removal from the atmosphere in the NCP by dry deposition was estimated from 1999 through 2013 using the inferential method, which combined PM2.5 air concentrations retrieved from satellite remote sensing and dry deposition velocities (Vd) calculated using a bulk particle dry deposition model. Dry deposition of the three major inorganic ions in PM2.5, namely NH4+ (ammonium), NO3- (nitrate), and SO42- (sulfate), with their concentrations in 2000 and 2010 obtained from WRF-Chem model simulations, were also investigated considering their important roles in PM2.5 formation and ecosystem health. High levels of modeled and satellite-retrieved PM2.5 air concentrations, the secondary inorganic aerosols (the sum of NH4+, NO3-, and SO42-), and their respective deposition fluxes were identified from the southern NCP to Beijing-Tianjin metropolitans. The deposition fluxes derived from the inferential method and WRF-Chem increased considerably in the 2000s due to rising PM2.5 atmospheric levels across the NCP. The enhancement of dry deposition velocities of PM2.5 and three aerosol species in the NCP were associated nicely with increasing vegetation coverage and wind speed. We show that both air concentrations of PM2.5 and secondary inorganic aerosols and rising dry deposition velocities related to extensive afforestation activities contributed to their deposition fluxes and an inclining trend of PM2.5 removal from the atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Du
- Lanzhou University, Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Prediction and Control, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- Lanzhou University, Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Prediction and Control, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Lanzhou University, Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Prediction and Control, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Hong Gao
- Lanzhou University, Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Prediction and Control, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Jingyue Mo
- Lanzhou University, Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Prediction and Control, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Mao
- Lanzhou University, Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Prediction and Control, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Jianmin Ma
- Lanzhou University, Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Prediction and Control, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China; Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Science, Peking University, Beijing, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Spada R, Spada N, Seon-Spada H. Geographic disparities persist despite decline in mortality from IHD in California's Central Valley 1999-2014. JRSM Cardiovasc Dis 2019; 8:2048004019866320. [PMID: 31391939 PMCID: PMC6669834 DOI: 10.1177/2048004019866320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nationally, ischemic heart disease mortality has declined significantly due to advancements in managing traditional risk factors of hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, smoking, and obesity and acute intervention. However geographic disparities persist that may, in part, be attributed to environmental effects. METHODS Ischemic heart disease age-adjusted mortality were obtained from the CDC database for years 1999 through 2014 by county, gender, race, and Hispanic origin for the Central Valley of California. RESULTS There was an increase in mortality from north to south of 14.9 (95% CI: 8.0-21.9, p value <0.0001) in time period 1, 7.9 (95% CI: 0.8-15, p value <0.05) in time period 2, and 9.2 (95% CI: 4.0-14.3, p value <0.001) in time period 3. In time period 1, the ambient particulate matter ≤2.5 micrometers (PM2.5) level increased from north to south by 0.84 µg/m³ (95% CI: 0.71-0.96), in time period 2 there was a 0.87 µg/m³ increase (95% CI: 0.74-1.0), and a 1.0 µg/m³ increase in time period 3 (95% CI: 0.87-1.1). PM2.5 level was correlated to IHD mortality in all time periods (Period 1 r2 = 0.46, p = 0.0001; Period 2, r2 = 0.34, p = 0.008; Period 3 r2 = 0.51, p value <0.0001). CONCLUSION Continued declines in ischemic heart disease mortality will depend on the concerted efforts of clinicians in continuing management of the traditional risk factors with appropriate medication use, acute interventions for coronary syndromes, the necessity of patient self-management of high risk behaviors associated with smoking and obesity, and the development of coordinated actions with policy makers to reduce environmental exposure in their respective communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph Spada
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Nicholas Spada
- Crocker Nuclear Laboratory, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Hyosim Seon-Spada
- Graduate School of Nursing, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
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Qu Y, Pan Y, Niu H, He Y, Li M, Li L, Liu J, Li B. Short-term effects of fine particulate matter on non-accidental and circulatory diseases mortality: A time series study among the elder in Changchun. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0209793. [PMID: 30596713 PMCID: PMC6312390 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and objectives Fine particulate matter (PM2.5, particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to 2.5 μm) has multiple adverse effects on human health, especially on the respiratory and circulatory system. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the short-term effect of PM2.5 on the mortality risk of non-accidental and circulatory diseases, and to explore the potential effect modification by sex, education and death location. Methods We collected daily mortality counts of Changchun (China) residents, daily meteorology and air pollution data, from January 1, 2014, to January 1, 2017. We focused on the elderly (≥65 years old) population who died from non-accidental causes and circulatory diseases, and stratified them by sex, education, and death location. A generalized additive Poisson regression model (GAM) was used to analyse the impact of air pollutants on mortality. We fit single pollutant models to examine PM2.5 effects with different lag structures of single-day (distributed lag:lag0-lag3) and multi-day (moving average lag: lag01-lag03). To test the sensitivity of the model, a multi-pollutant model was established when the PM2.5 effect was strongest. Results In the single pollutant models, an increment of PM2.5 by 10 μg/m3 at lag0-3 was associated with a 0.385% (95% CI: 0.069% to 0.702%) increase in daily non-accidental mortality and a 0.442% (95% CI: 0.038% to 0.848%) increase in daily circulatory disease mortality. NO2 (lag1) and O3 (lag0, lag1, lag2, lag01,lag02, lag03) were associated with daily non-accidental death and NO2 (lag1, lag3, lag03) and O3 (lag0, lag1, lag01,lag02, lag03) were associated with daily circulatory disease mortality. In the co-pollutant models, the risk estimates for PM2.5 changed slightly. The excess mortality risk of non-accidental and circulatory diseases was higher for women, people with low education, and died outside hospital. Conclusions We found that short-term exposure to PM2.5 increased the mortality risk of non-accidental and circulatory diseases among the elderly in Changchun. Women, people with low education and died outside hospital are more susceptible to PM2.5. NO2 and O3 were also associated with an increase in mortality from non-accidental and circulatory diseases and the O3 is a high effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangming Qu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yang Pan
- Jilin Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Huikun Niu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yinghua He
- Jilin Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Meiqi Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Lu Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jianwei Liu
- Jilin Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Bo Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- * E-mail:
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Chen Y, Hu K, Bu H, Si Z, Sun H, Chen L, Liu H, Xie H, Zhao P, Yang L, Sun Q, Liu Z, Cui L, Cui Y. Probucol protects circulating endothelial progenitor cells from ambient PM 2.5 damage via inhibition of reactive oxygen species and inflammatory cytokine production in vivo. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:4322-4328. [PMID: 30542381 PMCID: PMC6257429 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow-derived circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) contribute to angiogenesis and vascular repair. The number and function of EPCs are significantly decreased following exposure to ambient fine particulate matter of ≤2.5 µm in diameter (PM2.5) through reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and inflammatory cytokine secretion. The anti-oxidant drug probucol reduces ROS and inflammatory cytokine production. The present study was designed to determine the protective effects of probucol on EPCs from PM2.5-associated impairment in vivo and to explore the potential underlying mechanisms. Male C57BL/6 mice were exposed to ambient air containing PM2.5 for one month with or without probucol treatment. Mice that breathed filtered air were used as a control group. Serum and blood cells were collected for analysis. The results indicated that PM2.5 exposure induced increases in blood intracellular ROS, serum inflammatory cytokine levels and the blood cell apoptotic rate, while it decreased the number and proliferation rate of circulating EPCs in the mice with PM2.5 exposure. These effects were significantly reduced/abrogated by probucol treatment. The present in vivo study suggested that probucol protects EPCs from damage through PM2.5 exposure by inhibiting ROS generation and inflammatory cytokine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Chen
- Department of Emergency, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Ke Hu
- Department of Emergency, Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Haoran Bu
- Department of Emergency, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Zhihua Si
- Department of Neurology, Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Haihui Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Liming Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Hang Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Hao Xie
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Le Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Qinghua Sun
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Zhenguo Liu
- Center for Precision Medicine and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Lianqun Cui
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Yuqi Cui
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China.,Center for Precision Medicine and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
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De Marco A, Amoatey P, Khaniabadi YO, Sicard P, Hopke PK. Mortality and morbidity for cardiopulmonary diseases attributed to PM 2.5 exposure in the metropolis of Rome, Italy. Eur J Intern Med 2018; 57:49-57. [PMID: 30122285 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2018.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Revised: 07/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the health effects associated with the exposure to ground-level of particulate matters with aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 μm (PM2.5) on citizens in Rome (Italy) in 2015 and 2016. Based on the new version of the World Health Organization's AirQ+ model, we have estimated the short- and long-term effects of PM2.5 on hospital admissions due to cardiovascular (HA-CVD) and respiratory diseases (HA-RD) as well as on mortality for ischemic heart disease (M-IHD) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (M-COPD). In this study, city-specific relative risk values and baseline incidence rates were used to calculate the association between PM2.5 and daily counts of emergency hospitalizations and mortality. The annual mean PM2.5 concentrations were 18 μg m-3 and 14 μg m-3 in 2015 and 2016, respectively. In Rome, the citizens are mostly exposed to daily mean PM2.5 concentrations of 10-20 μg m-3 during the study period. In 2015-2016, 0.4-0.6% for HA-CVD, 1.1-1.5% for HA-RD, 16.5-18.1% for M-IHD and 8.5-9.2% for M-COPD are attributed to PM2.5. In 2015-2016, 134-186 HA-CVD, 126-175 HA-RD, 947-1037 M-IHD and 244-279 M-COPD, caused by PM2.5 exposure, could be "avoided" if PM2.5 concentrations would not exceed 10 μg m-3, i.e. the threshold recommended by the World Health Organization. Thus, a consistent air quality management and sustainable city planning are needed, urgently, to mitigate the adverse effects of PM2.5 exposure in Rome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra De Marco
- Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Rome, Italy
| | - Patrick Amoatey
- Department of Biology, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khould, Muscat, Oman
| | - Yusef Omidi Khaniabadi
- Health Care System of Karoon, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | | | - Philip K Hopke
- Center for Air Resources Engineering and Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, USA; Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, USA
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Wang Y, Xiong L, Wu T, Zhang T, Kong L, Xue Y, Tang M. Analysis of differentially changed gene expression in EA.hy926 human endothelial cell after exposure of fine particulate matter on the basis of microarray profile. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 159:213-220. [PMID: 29753823 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have illustrated that PM2.5 is closely related to cardiovascular disease (CVD), but underlying toxicological mechanisms are not yet clear. The main purpose of this study is to disclose the potential biological mechanisms responsible for PM2.5-dependent adverse cardiovascular outcomes through the appliance of genome-wide transcription microarray. From results, compared with the control group, there are 97 genes significantly altered in 2.5 μg/cm2 PM2.5 treated group and 440 differentially expressed genes in 10 μg/cm2 group. Of note, when 2.5 μg/cm2 and 10 μg/cm2 group were respectively compared with the control group, 46 significantly altered genes showed a consistent tendency in two treated groups, of which 31 genes were upregulated while 15 genes were meanwhile downregulated. Based on Gene Ontology (GO) annotation, altered genes are mainly gathered in functions of cellular processes and immune regulation. Pathway analysis indicated that TNF signaling pathway, NOD-like receptor (NLRs) signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway and gap junction are vital pathways involved in PM2.5-induced toxicity in EA.hy926. Moreover, results from RT-qPCR further corroborated that changed genes are implicated in oxidative stress, inflammation and metabolic disorder. In addition, metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450 pathway is the critical pathway which may serve as a target to prevent PM2.5-induced CVD. To sum up, our effort provides a fundamental data for further studies regarding mechanisms of PM2.5-induced cardiovascular toxicity on the basis of genome-wide screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Lilin Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China; Department of Environmental Health, Nanjing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210003, China
| | - Tianshu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Lu Kong
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Yuying Xue
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Meng Tang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China.
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Sun Y, Wang Y, Yuan S, Wen J, Li W, Yang L, Huang X, Mo Y, Zhao Y, Lu Y. Exposure to PM2.5 via vascular endothelial growth factor relationship: Meta-analysis. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198813. [PMID: 29912914 PMCID: PMC6005507 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the association of PM2.5 exposure with VEGF by conducting a systematic review of existing literature and performing a meta-analysis. We searched all the studies published in the Cochrane Library, PUBMED, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and WanFang Electronic Database before June 2017. Finally six studies were identified. It confirmed that the increase in VEGF (β = 1.23 pg/ml, 95% CI: 0.45, 2.01) was significantly associated with the PM2.5 mass concentration of 10 μg/m3. Studies from Canada showed that PM2.5 exposure statistically elevated the level of VEGF level that an increase of 1.20 pg/ml (95% CI: 0.88, 1.52) in VEGF was associated with per 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 concentration. Other subgroup analyses indicated that the effects of PM2.5 exposure on VEGF differed per the in different exposure assessment methods, study designs, and study settings. It was concluded that elevated VEGF levels was significantly positive associated with PM2.5 exposure. Exposure assessment methods and study countries were the major sources of heterogeneity among studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Sun
- Department of Toxicology, Guilin Medical University School of Public Health, Guilin, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Toxicology, Guilin Medical University School of Public Health, Guilin, China
| | - Shu Yuan
- The Library and Information Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jialing Wen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases. The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiyu Li
- 181st Hospital of People's Liberation Army of China, Guilin, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Department of Toxicology, Guilin Medical University School of Public Health, Guilin, China
| | - Xiaoyan Huang
- Department of Toxicology, Guilin Medical University School of Public Health, Guilin, China
| | - Yanmei Mo
- Department of Toxicology, Guilin Medical University School of Public Health, Guilin, China
| | - Yingqi Zhao
- Department of Toxicology, Guilin Medical University School of Public Health, Guilin, China
| | - Yuanming Lu
- Department of Toxicology, Guilin Medical University School of Public Health, Guilin, China
- * E-mail:
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Liang H, Qiu H, Tian L. Short-term effects of fine particulate matter on acute myocardial infraction mortality and years of life lost: A time series study in Hong Kong. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 615:558-563. [PMID: 28988091 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.09.266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have applied years of life lost (YLL) as a complementary indicator to assess the short-term effect of the air pollution on the health burden from all-cause mortality, but sparsely focused on individual diseases such as acute myocardial infraction (AMI). In this study, we aimed to conduct a time-series analysis to evaluate short-term effects of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) on mortality and YLL from AMI in Hong Kong from 2011 to 2015, and explore the potential effect modifiers including sex and age by subgroup analysis. We applied generalized additive Poisson and Gaussian regression model for daily death count and YLL, respectively. We found that 10μg/m3 increment in concentration of PM2.5 lasting for two days (lag01) was associated with a 2.35% (95% CI 0.38% to 4.36%) increase in daily mortality count and a 1.69 (95% CI 0.01 to 3.37) years increase in YLL from AMI. The association between PM2.5 and AMI mortality count was stronger among women and older people than men and young people, respectively. We concluded that acute exposure to PM2.5 may increase the risk of mortality and YLL from AMI in Hong Kong and this effect can be modified by age and gender. These findings add to the evidence base for public health policy formulation and resource allocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiqing Liang
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Hong Qiu
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Linwei Tian
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
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Haberzettl P, Conklin DJ, Abplanalp WT, Bhatnagar A, O'Toole TE. Inhalation of Fine Particulate Matter Impairs Endothelial Progenitor Cell Function Via Pulmonary Oxidative Stress. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2017; 38:131-142. [PMID: 29191925 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.117.309971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) air pollution is associated with the depletion of circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), as well as vascular injury and dysfunction. Nevertheless, it remains unclear whether PM2.5 exposure leads to significant impairments in EPC function. Hence, we studied the effects of PM2.5 on EPC-mediated recovery of vascular perfusion after hindlimb ischemia and examined the mechanisms whereby PM2.5 exposure affects EPC abundance and function. APPROACH AND RESULTS In comparison with EPCs isolated from mice breathing filtered air, EPCs from mice exposed for 9 consecutive days (6 hours per day) to concentrated ambient PM2.5 (CAP) had defects in both proliferation and tube formation. However, CAP exposure of mice overexpressing extracellular superoxide dismutase (ecSOD-Tg) in the lungs did not affect EPC tube formation. Exposure to CAP also suppressed circulating EPC levels, VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor)-stimulated aortic Akt phosphorylation, and plasma NO levels in wild-type but not in ecSOD-Tg mice. EPCs from CAP-exposed wild-type mice failed to augment basal recovery of hindlimb perfusion when injected into unexposed mice subjected to hindlimb ischemia; however, these deficits in recovery of hindlimb perfusion were absent when using EPCs derived from CAP-exposed ecSOD-Tg mice. The improved reparative function of EPCs from CAP-exposed ecSOD-Tg mice was also reflected by greater expression of Mmp-9 and Nos3 when compared with EPCs from CAP-exposed wild-type mice. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to PM2.5 impairs EPC abundance and function and prevents EPC-mediated vascular recovery after hindlimb ischemia. This defect is attributed, in part, to pulmonary oxidative stress and was associated with vascular VEGF resistance and a decrement in NO bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Haberzettl
- From the Department of Medicine, Diabetes and Obesity Center, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, KY
| | - Daniel J Conklin
- From the Department of Medicine, Diabetes and Obesity Center, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, KY
| | - Wesley T Abplanalp
- From the Department of Medicine, Diabetes and Obesity Center, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, KY
| | - Aruni Bhatnagar
- From the Department of Medicine, Diabetes and Obesity Center, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, KY
| | - Timothy E O'Toole
- From the Department of Medicine, Diabetes and Obesity Center, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, KY.
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Shi J, Deng H, Zhang M. Curcumin pretreatment protects against PM2.5‑induced oxidized low‑density lipoprotein‑mediated oxidative stress and inflammation in human microvascular endothelial cells. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:2588-2594. [PMID: 28713935 PMCID: PMC5547950 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A previous study demonstrated that particulate matter (≤2.5 µm in diameter; PM2.5) may promote atherosclerosis. However, the underlying mechanisms of PM2.5 in human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1) remain to be elucidated. It has been reported that inflammation and oxidative stress can be reduced by curcumin, and in the present study, the aim was to investigate the protective effects of curcumin on PM2.5-induced oxidative stress and inflammatory response in HMEC-1. HMEC-1 were stimulated with curcumin and PM2.5. The HMEC-1 viability and apoptosis were detected by MTT and annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide assays. The levels of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-8 were detected by ELISA. The intracellular reactive oxygen species formation in HMEC-1 was detected using flow cytometry and 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescin diacetate. Nuclear factor (NF)-κB, caspase 3 activity and adhesion molecule expression were also investigated. The results suggested that curcumin reduced PM2.5 (300 µg/ml)-induced cell apoptosis and intracellular caspase 3 activity in HMEC-1. ELISA analysis demonstrated that curcumin reduced PM2.5-induced oxLDL, TNF-α and IL-8 levels. Curcumin induced NF-κB, cell adhesion molecule 1 and vascular cell adhesion protein 1 expression. Thus, curcumin treatment may reduce PM2.5-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in HMEC-1. In summary, it was indicated that the effects of PM2.5 are associated with oxLDL via the NF-κB signaling pathway, thereby inducing PM2.5 mediated oxidative and inflammatory responses. The results also suggested that curcumin may be able to reduce the oxidative and inflammatory effects of PM2.5 in HMEC-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Shi
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Huiping Deng
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Min Zhang
- Division of Cardiology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200336, P.R. China
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Lightfoot NE, Berriault CJ, Seilkop SK, Conard BR. Nonrespiratory mortality and cancer incidence in a cohort of Canadian nickel workers. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH 2017; 72:187-203. [PMID: 27268254 DOI: 10.1080/19338244.2016.1197879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Mortality and cancer incidence were examined for an updated cohort of nonsinter nickel workers in Sudbury and Port Colborne, Ontario, Canada. Abstract results are provided for those with ≥ 15 years since first exposure. For circulatory disease mortality, significant elevations were observed overall in many Sudbury work areas and in Port Colborne staff. Underground miners, with first exposure before 1960, displayed significant elevations for pneumoconiosis, as well as silicosis and anthrasilicosis, likely due to crystalline silica. Significant elevations in colorectal cancer incidence were observed in Sudbury underground mining, mining maintenance, and maintenance work areas. Given a case-control study is not practical, the next cohort update should include more detailed occupational exposure assessment, including dust exposure, diesel engine emissions, solvents, various metals, silica, and sulphur dioxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy E Lightfoot
- a School of Rural and Northern Health , Laurentian University , Sudbury , Ontario , Canada
| | - Colin J Berriault
- b Occupational Cancer Research Centre , Cancer Care Ontario , Toronto , Ontario , Canada
| | | | - Bruce R Conard
- d BR Conard Consulting Inc. , Oakville , Ontario , Canada
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Harmon ME, Lewis J, Miller C, Hoover J, Ali AMS, Shuey C, Cajero M, Lucas S, Zychowski K, Pacheco B, Erdei E, Ramone S, Nez T, Gonzales M, Campen MJ. Residential proximity to abandoned uranium mines and serum inflammatory potential in chronically exposed Navajo communities. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2017; 27:365-371. [PMID: 28120833 PMCID: PMC5781233 DOI: 10.1038/jes.2016.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Members of the Navajo Nation, who possess a high prevalence of cardiometabolic disease, reside near hundreds of local abandoned uranium mines (AUM), which contribute uranium, arsenic and other metals to the soil, water and air. We recently reported that hypertension is associated with mine waste exposures in this population. Inflammation is a major player in the development of numerous vascular ailments. Our previous work establishing that specific transcriptional responses of cultured endothelial cells treated with human serum can reveal relative circulating inflammatory potential in a manner responsive to pollutant exposures, providing a model to assess responses associated with exposure to these waste materials in this population. To investigate a potential link between exposures to AUM and serum inflammatory potential in affected communities, primary human coronary artery endothelial cells were treated for 4 h with serum provided by Navajo study participants (n=145). Endothelial transcriptional responses of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) were measured. These transcriptional responses were then linked to AUM exposure metrics, including surface area-weighted AUM proximity and estimated oral intake of metals. AUM proximity strongly predicted endothelial transcriptional responses to serum including CCL2, VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 (P<0.0001 for each), whereas annual water intakes of arsenic and uranium did not, even after controlling for all major effect modifiers. Inflammatory potential associated with proximity to AUMs, but not oral intake of specific metals, additionally suggests a role for inhalation exposure as a contributor to cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly E Harmon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Johnnye Lewis
- Community Environmental Health Program, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Curtis Miller
- Community Environmental Health Program, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Joseph Hoover
- Community Environmental Health Program, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Abdul-Mehdi S Ali
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, UNM, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Chris Shuey
- Southwest Research and Information Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Miranda Cajero
- Community Environmental Health Program, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Selita Lucas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | | | - Bernadette Pacheco
- Community Environmental Health Program, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Esther Erdei
- Community Environmental Health Program, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Sandy Ramone
- Southwest Research and Information Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Teddy Nez
- Southwest Research and Information Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Melissa Gonzales
- Division of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, UNM, Albuquerque, NM, USA
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW More than a century of hard rock mining has left a legacy of >160,000 abandoned mines in the Western USA that are home to the majority of Native American lands. This article describes how abrogation of treaty rights, ineffective policies, lack of infrastructure, and a lack of research in Native communities converge to create chronic exposure, ill-defined risks, and tribal health concerns. RECENT FINDINGS Recent results show that Native Americans living near abandoned uranium mines have an increased likelihood for kidney disease and hypertension, and an increased likelihood of developing multiple chronic diseases linked to their proximity to the mine waste and activities bringing them in contact with the waste. Biomonitoring confirms higher than expected exposure to uranium and associated metals in the waste in adults, neonates, and children in these communities. These sites will not be cleaned up for many generations making it critical to understand and prioritize exposure-toxicity relationships in Native populations to appropriately allocate limited resources to protect health. Recent initiatives, in partnership with Native communities, recognize these needs and support development of tribal research capacity to ensure that research respectful of tribal culture and policies can address concerns in the future. In addition, recognition of the risks posed by these abandoned sites should inform policy change to protect community health in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnnye Lewis
- Community Environmental Health Program, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, 1000 Stanford Drive NE, MSC095360, Albuquerque, NM, 87131-0001, USA.
| | - Joseph Hoover
- Community Environmental Health Program, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, 1000 Stanford Drive NE, MSC095360, Albuquerque, NM, 87131-0001, USA
| | - Debra MacKenzie
- Community Environmental Health Program, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, 1000 Stanford Drive NE, MSC095360, Albuquerque, NM, 87131-0001, USA
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46
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He MZ, Zeng X, Zhang K, Kinney PL. Fine Particulate Matter Concentrations in Urban Chinese Cities, 2005-2016: A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:ijerph14020191. [PMID: 28216601 PMCID: PMC5334745 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14020191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background: Particulate matter pollution has become a growing health concern over the past few decades globally. The problem is especially evident in China, where particulate matter levels prior to 2013 are publically unavailable. We conducted a systematic review of scientific literature that reported fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentrations in different regions of China from 2005 to 2016. Methods: We searched for English articles in PubMed and Embase and for Chinese articles in the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). We evaluated the studies overall and categorized the collected data into six geographical regions and three economic regions. Results: The mean (SD) PM2.5 concentration, weighted by the number of sampling days, was 60.64 (33.27) μg/m³ for all geographic regions and 71.99 (30.20) μg/m³ for all economic regions. A one-way ANOVA shows statistically significant differences in PM2.5 concentrations between the various geographic regions (F = 14.91, p < 0.0001) and the three economic regions (F = 4.55, p = 0.01). Conclusions: This review identifies quantifiable differences in fine particulate matter concentrations across regions of China. The highest levels of fine particulate matter were found in the northern and northwestern regions and especially Beijing. The high percentage of data points exceeding current federal regulation standards suggests that fine particulate matter pollution remains a huge problem for China. As pre-2013 emissions data remain largely unavailable, we hope that the data aggregated from this systematic review can be incorporated into current and future models for more accurate historical PM2.5 estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike Z He
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - Xiange Zeng
- Program in Public Health Studies, Johns Hopkins University Krieger School of Arts and Sciences, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
| | - Kaiyue Zhang
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing 210000, Jiangsu, China.
- Yangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yangzhou 225000, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Patrick L Kinney
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MD 02118, USA.
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47
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Herseth JI, Volden V, Bolling AK. Particulate matter-mediated release of long pentraxin 3 (PTX3) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in vitro: Limited importance of endotoxin and organic content. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2017; 80:105-119. [PMID: 28071984 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2016.1257399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to particulate matter (PM) is associated with adverse health effects, but it is still relatively unknown which role PM sources and physicochemical properties play in the observed effects. It was postulated that PM in vitro induces release of long pentraxin 3 (PTX3) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and that endotoxin and organic compounds present in the PM regulate this release. A contact coculture of THP-1 human leukemia monocytes and A549 human adenocarcinoma alveolar pneumocytes was exposed to PM from Traffic, Wood, Diesel, and Quartz (10-40 µg/cm2) for 12-64 h to determine release of PTX3 and VEGF. The role of endotoxin and the organic fraction in the mediator release was assessed using polymyxin B sulfate and organic extracts, respectively. Finally, antagonists were used to investigate whether the early proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α affected the PTX3 and VEGF release. All PM samples induced a time-dependent release of both PTX3 and VEGF. Traffic mediated the greatest release of PTX3, whereas Wood and Diesel were more potent inducers of VEGF. The endotoxin content did not markedly affect release of either mediator, while the organic fraction exerted no significant effect on VEGF release and limited influence on PTX3 release. In addition, the IL-1 and TNF-α agonists affected PTX3 release more strongly than VEGF release. In conclusion, the current data show a limited impact of endotoxin and organic compounds on PTX3 and VEGF release. Further, the observed differences in response patterns may point toward differential regulation of PM-mediated release of PTX3 and VEGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- J I Herseth
- a Faculty of Health Sciences , Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences , Oslo , Norway
| | - V Volden
- a Faculty of Health Sciences , Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences , Oslo , Norway
| | - A K Bolling
- b Department of Air Pollution and Noise , Norwegian Institute of Public Health , Oslo , Norway
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48
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Zhang Y, Ji X, Ku T, Li G, Sang N. Heavy metals bound to fine particulate matter from northern China induce season-dependent health risks: A study based on myocardial toxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 216:380-390. [PMID: 27341017 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.05.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Substantial epidemiological evidence has consistently reported that fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular outcomes. PM2.5 is a complex mixture of extremely small particles and liquid droplets composed of multiple components, and there has been high interest in identifying the specific health-relevant physical and/or chemical toxic constituents of PM2.5. In the present study, we analyzed 8 heavy metals (Cr, Ni, Cu, Cd, Pb, Zn, Mn and Co) in the PM2.5 collected during four different seasons in Taiyuan, a typical coal-burning city in northern China. Our results indicated that total concentrations of the 8 heavy metals differed among the seasons. Zn and Pb, which are primarily derived from the anthropogenic source, coal burning, were the dominant elements, and high concentrations of these two elements were observed during the spring and winter. To clarify whether these heavy metals in the locally collected PM2.5 were associated with health effects, we conducted health risk assessments using validated methods. Interestingly, Pb was responsible for greater potential health risks to children. Because cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a main contributor to the mortality associated with PM2.5 exposure, we performed experimental assays to evaluate the myocardial toxicity. Our in vitro experiments showed that the heavy metal-containing PM2.5 induced season-dependent apoptosis in rat H9C2 cells through a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated inflammatory response. Our findings suggested that heavy metals bound to PM2.5 produced by coal burning play an important role in myocardial toxicity and contribute to season-dependent health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Zhang
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, PR China
| | - Xiaotong Ji
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, PR China
| | - Tingting Ku
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, PR China
| | - Guangke Li
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, PR China
| | - Nan Sang
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, PR China.
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49
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Dugas TR, Lomnicki S, Cormier SA, Dellinger B, Reams M. Addressing Emerging Risks: Scientific and Regulatory Challenges Associated with Environmentally Persistent Free Radicals. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 13:ijerph13060573. [PMID: 27338429 PMCID: PMC4924030 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13060573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Airborne fine and ultrafine particulate matter (PM) are often generated through widely-used thermal processes such as the combustion of fuels or the thermal decomposition of waste. Residents near Superfund sites are exposed to PM through the inhalation of windblown dust, ingestion of soil and sediments, and inhalation of emissions from the on-site thermal treatment of contaminated soils. Epidemiological evidence supports a link between exposure to airborne PM and an increased risk of cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases. It is well-known that during combustion processes, incomplete combustion can lead to the production of organic pollutants that can adsorb to the surface of PM. Recent studies have demonstrated that their interaction with metal centers can lead to the generation of a surface stabilized metal-radical complex capable of redox cycling to produce ROS. Moreover, these free radicals can persist in the environment, hence their designation as Environmentally Persistent Free Radicals (EPFR). EPFR has been demonstrated in both ambient air PM2.5 (diameter < 2.5 µm) and in PM from a variety of combustion sources. Thus, low-temperature, thermal treatment of soils can potentially increase the concentration of EPFR in areas in and around Superfund sites. In this review, we will outline the evidence to date supporting EPFR formation and its environmental significance. Furthermore, we will address the lack of methodologies for specifically addressing its risk assessment and challenges associated with regulating this new, emerging contaminant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tammy R Dugas
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, LSU School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
| | - Slawomir Lomnicki
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Louisiana State University and A & M College, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
| | - Stephania A Cormier
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center and Children's Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN 38103, USA.
| | - Barry Dellinger
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University and A & M College, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
| | - Margaret Reams
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Louisiana State University and A & M College, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
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50
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Feng S, Gao D, Liao F, Zhou F, Wang X. The health effects of ambient PM2.5 and potential mechanisms. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2016; 128:67-74. [PMID: 26896893 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 501] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Revised: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The impacts of ambient PM2.5 on public health have become great concerns worldwide, especially in the developing countries. Epidemiological and toxicological studies have shown that PM2.5 does not only induce cardiopulmonary disorders and/or impairments, but also contributes to a variety of other adverse health effects, such as driving the initiation and progression of diabetes mellitus and eliciting adverse birth outcomes. Of note, recent findings have demonstrated that PM2.5 may still pose a hazard to public health even at very low levels (far below national standards) of exposure. The proposed underlying mechanisms whereby PM2.5 causes adverse effects to public health include inducing intracellular oxidative stress, mutagenicity/genotoxicity and inflammatory responses. The present review aims to provide an brief overview of new insights into the molecular mechanisms linking ambient PM2.5 exposure and health effects, which were explored with new technologies in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaolong Feng
- The School of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China.
| | - Dan Gao
- The School of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Fen Liao
- The School of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Furong Zhou
- The School of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Xinming Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
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