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Gargas J, Janowska J, Gebala P, Maksymiuk W, Sypecka J. Reactive Gliosis in Neonatal Disorders: Friend or Foe for Neuroregeneration? Cells 2024; 13:131. [PMID: 38247822 PMCID: PMC10813898 DOI: 10.3390/cells13020131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
A developing nervous system is particularly vulnerable to the influence of pathophysiological clues and injuries in the perinatal period. Astrocytes are among the first cells that react to insults against the nervous tissue, the presence of pathogens, misbalance of local tissue homeostasis, and a lack of oxygen and trophic support. Under this background, it remains uncertain if induced astrocyte activation, recognized as astrogliosis, is a friend or foe for progressing neonatal neurodevelopment. Likewise, the state of astrocyte reactivity is considered one of the key factors discriminating between either the initiation of endogenous reparative mechanisms compensating for aberrations in the structures and functions of nervous tissue or the triggering of neurodegeneration. The responses of activated cells are modulated by neighboring neural cells, which exhibit broad immunomodulatory and pro-regenerative properties by secreting a plethora of active compounds (including interleukins and chemokines, neurotrophins, reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide synthase and complement components), which are engaged in cell crosstalk in a paracrine manner. As the developing nervous system is extremely sensitive to the influence of signaling molecules, even subtle changes in the composition or concentration of the cellular secretome can have significant effects on the developing neonatal brain. Thus, modulating the activity of other types of cells and their interactions with overreactive astrocytes might be a promising strategy for controlling neonatal astrogliosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Joanna Sypecka
- NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, A. Pawinskiego 5, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (J.G.); (J.J.)
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2
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Saavedra J, Nascimento M, Liz MA, Cardoso I. Key brain cell interactions and contributions to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1036123. [PMID: 36523504 PMCID: PMC9745159 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1036123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease worldwide, with the two major hallmarks being the deposition of extracellular β-amyloid (Aβ) plaques and of intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). Additionally, early pathological events such as cerebrovascular alterations, a compromised blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity, neuroinflammation and synaptic dysfunction, culminate in neuron loss and cognitive deficits. AD symptoms reflect a loss of neuronal circuit integrity in the brain; however, neurons do not operate in isolation. An exclusively neurocentric approach is insufficient to understand this disease, and the contribution of other brain cells including astrocytes, microglia, and vascular cells must be integrated in the context. The delicate balance of interactions between these cells, required for healthy brain function, is disrupted during disease. To design successful therapies, it is critical to understand the complex brain cellular connections in AD and the temporal sequence of their disturbance. In this review, we discuss the interactions between different brain cells, from physiological conditions to their pathological reactions in AD, and how this basic knowledge can be crucial for developing new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Saavedra
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Mariana Nascimento
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Márcia A. Liz
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Isabel Cardoso
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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3
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Wang X, Hao Y, Sun H, Chen C. MRI Imaging Omics and Risk Factors Analysis of PWMD in Premature Infants Based on Fuzzy Clustering Algorithm. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2022; 2022:8624617. [PMID: 36247847 PMCID: PMC9536967 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8624617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characteristics of periventricular white matter damage (PWMD) in premature infants using the fuzzy c-means clustering algorithm (FCM) is explored, and the influencing factors are further clarified. A total of 100 premature infants admitted to the neonatal department of our hospital from February 2020 to February 2022 are selected for in-depth investigation. According to the occurrence of PWMD, they are divided into the PWMD group and the simple premature delivery group, with 50 cases in each group. All preterm infants are examined by MRI and the changes in image characteristics and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values are analyzed. Clinical information of the subjects is collected and the influencing factors of PWMD in preterm infants are analyzed by multivariate regression analysis. In the first magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination, the cases of punctured, clustered, and linear lesions are 28 cases, 12 cases, and 10 cases, respectively. The experimental results showed that PWMD of preterm infants presented punctate, clustered, and high linear T1 signal MRI manifestations, which caused a downward trend of ADC value, and caused respiratory distress, low birth weight, premature rupture of membranes, respiratory tract infection, and other risk symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Wang
- Department of Radiology, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an 710003, China
| | - Yuewen Hao
- Department of Radiology, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an 710003, China
| | - Huan Sun
- NICU, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an 710003, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Department of Radiology, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an 710003, China
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4
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Kennedy L, Glesaaen ER, Palibrk V, Pannone M, Wang W, Al-Jabri A, Suganthan R, Meyer N, Austbø ML, Lin X, Bergersen LH, Bjørås M, Rinholm JE. Lactate receptor HCAR1 regulates neurogenesis and microglia activation after neonatal hypoxia-ischemia. eLife 2022; 11:76451. [PMID: 35942676 PMCID: PMC9363115 DOI: 10.7554/elife.76451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Neonatal cerebral hypoxia-ischemia (HI) is the leading cause of death and disability in newborns with the only current treatment being hypothermia. An increased understanding of the pathways that facilitate tissue repair after HI may aid the development of better treatments. Here, we study the role of lactate receptor HCAR1 in tissue repair after neonatal HI in mice. We show that HCAR1 knockout mice have reduced tissue regeneration compared with wildtype mice. Furthermore, proliferation of neural progenitor cells and glial cells, as well as microglial activation was impaired. Transcriptome analysis showed a strong transcriptional response to HI in the subventricular zone of wildtype mice involving about 7300 genes. In contrast, the HCAR1 knockout mice showed a modest response, involving about 750 genes. Notably, fundamental processes in tissue repair such as cell cycle and innate immunity were dysregulated in HCAR1 knockout. Our data suggest that HCAR1 is a key transcriptional regulator of pathways that promote tissue regeneration after HI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauritz Kennedy
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Division of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Emilie R Glesaaen
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Division of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Vuk Palibrk
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Marco Pannone
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ali Al-Jabri
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Division of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rajikala Suganthan
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Niklas Meyer
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Division of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marie Landa Austbø
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Xiaolin Lin
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Linda H Bergersen
- The Brain and Muscle Energy Group, Institute of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Magnar Bjørås
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Johanne E Rinholm
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Division of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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5
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Tada AM, Hamezah HS, Pahrudin Arrozi A, Abu Bakar ZH, Yanagisawa D, Tooyama I. Pharmaceutical Potential of Casein-Derived Tripeptide Met-Lys-Pro: Improvement in Cognitive Impairments and Suppression of Inflammation in APP/PS1 Mice. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 89:835-848. [PMID: 35964178 PMCID: PMC9535549 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background: Tripeptide Met-Lys-Pro (MKP), a component of casein hydrolysates, has effective angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity. Brain angiotensin II enzyme activates the NADPH oxidase complex via angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT1) and enhances oxidative stress injury. ACE inhibitors improved cognitive function in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) mouse models and previous clinical trials. Thus, although undetermined, MKP may be effective against pathological amyloid-β (Aβ) accumulation-induced cognitive impairment. Objective: The current study aimed to investigate the potential of MKP as a pharmaceutical against AD by examining MKP’s effect on cognitive function and molecular changes in the brain using double transgenic (APP/PS1) mice. Methods: Experimental procedures were conducted in APP/PS1 mice (n = 38) with a C57BL/6 background. A novel object recognition test was used to evaluate recognition memory. ELISA was used to measure insoluble Aβ40, Aβ42, and TNF-α levels in brain tissue. Immunohistochemical analysis allowed the assessment of glial cell activation in MKP-treated APP/PS1 mice. Results: The novel object recognition test revealed that MKP-treated APP/PS1 mice showed significant improvement in recognition memory. ELISA of brain tissue showed that MKP significantly reduced insoluble Aβ40, Aβ42, and TNF-α levels. Immunohistochemical analysis indicated the suppression of the marker for microglia and reactive astrocytes in MKP-treated APP/PS1 mice. Conclusion: Based on these results, we consider that MKP could ameliorate pathological Aβ accumulation-induced cognitive impairment in APP/PS1 mice. Furthermore, our findings suggest that MKP potentially contributes to preventing cognitive decline in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asuka Matsuzaki Tada
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan.,Functional Food Ingredients Group, Food Ingredients and Technology Institute, R&D Division, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., Zama, Japan
| | - Hamizah Shahirah Hamezah
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan.,Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Aslina Pahrudin Arrozi
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | | | - Daijiro Yanagisawa
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Ikuo Tooyama
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
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6
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He T, Yang GY, Zhang Z. Crosstalk of Astrocytes and Other Cells during Ischemic Stroke. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12060910. [PMID: 35743941 PMCID: PMC9228674 DOI: 10.3390/life12060910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is a leading cause of death and long-term disability worldwide. Astrocytes structurally compose tripartite synapses, blood–brain barrier, and the neurovascular unit and perform multiple functions through cell-to-cell signaling of neurons, glial cells, and vasculature. The crosstalk of astrocytes and other cells is complicated and incompletely understood. Here we review the role of astrocytes in response to ischemic stroke, both beneficial and detrimental, from a cell–cell interaction perspective. Reactive astrocytes provide neuroprotection through antioxidation and antiexcitatory effects and metabolic support; they also contribute to neurorestoration involving neurogenesis, synaptogenesis, angiogenesis, and oligodendrogenesis by crosstalk with stem cells and cell lineage. In the meantime, reactive astrocytes also play a vital role in neuroinflammation and brain edema. Glial scar formation in the chronic phase hinders functional recovery. We further discuss astrocyte enriched microRNAs and exosomes in the regulation of ischemic stroke. In addition, the latest notion of reactive astrocyte subsets and astrocytic activity revealed by optogenetics is mentioned. This review discusses the current understanding of the intimate molecular conversation between astrocytes and other cells and outlines its potential implications after ischemic stroke. “Neurocentric” strategies may not be sufficient for neurological protection and recovery; future therapeutic strategies could target reactive astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting He
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China;
- Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Center, Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Guo-Yuan Yang
- Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Center, Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
- Correspondence: (G.-Y.Y.); (Z.Z.); Tel.: +86-21-62933186 (G.-Y.Y.); Fax: +86-21-62932302 (G.-Y.Y.)
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Center, Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
- Correspondence: (G.-Y.Y.); (Z.Z.); Tel.: +86-21-62933186 (G.-Y.Y.); Fax: +86-21-62932302 (G.-Y.Y.)
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7
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Yu M, Zheng X, Cheng F, Shao B, Zhuge Q, Jin K. Metformin, Rapamycin, or Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Pretreatment Attenuate Cognitive Impairment After Cerebral Hypoperfusion by Inhibiting Microglial Phagocytosis. Front Neurol 2022; 13:903565. [PMID: 35769369 PMCID: PMC9234123 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.903565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) is the second leading form of dementia after Alzheimer's disease (AD) plaguing the elder population. Despite the enormous prevalence of VCI, the biological basis of this disease has been much less well-studied than that of AD, with no specific therapy currently existing to prevent or treat VCI. As VCI mainly occurs in the elderly, the role of anti-aging drugs including metformin, rapamycin, and nicotinamide mono nucleotide (NMN), and the underlying mechanism remain uncertain. Here, we examined the role of metformin, rapamycin, and NMN in cognitive function, white matter integrity, microglial response, and phagocytosis in a rat model of VCI by bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO). BCCAO-induced chronic cerebral hypoperfusion could cause spatial working memory deficits and white matter lesions (WMLs), along with increasing microglial activation and phagocytosis compared to sham-operated rats. We found the cognitive impairment was significantly improved in BCCAO rats pretreated with these three drugs for 14 days before BCCAO compared with the vehicle group by the analysis of the Morris water maze and new object recognition tests. Pretreatment of metformin, rapamycin, or NMN also increased myelin basic protein (MBP, a marker for myelin) expression and reduced SMI32 (a marker for demyelinated axons) intensity and SMI32/MBP ratio compared with the vehicle group, suggesting that these drugs could ameliorate BCCAO-induced WMLs. The findings were confirmed by Luxol fast blue (LFB) stain, which is designed for staining myelin/myelinated axons. We further found that pretreatment of metformin, rapamycin, or NMN reduced microglial activation and the number of M1 microglia, but increased the number of M2 microglia compared to the vehicle group. Importantly, the number of MBP+/Iba1+/CD68+ microglia was significantly reduced in the BCCAO rats pretreated with these three drugs compared with the vehicle group, suggesting that these drugs suppress microglial phagocytosis. No significant difference was found between the groups pretreated with metformin, rapamycin, or NMN. Our data suggest that metformin, rapamycin, or NMN could protect or attenuate cognitive impairment and WMLs by modifying microglial polarization and inhibiting phagocytosis. The findings may open a new avenue for VCI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengdi Yu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoying Zheng
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fangyu Cheng
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bei Shao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qichuan Zhuge
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
- *Correspondence: Qichuan Zhuge
| | - Kunlin Jin
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States
- Kunlin Jin
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Jansen MI, Thomas Broome S, Castorina A. Exploring the Pro-Phagocytic and Anti-Inflammatory Functions of PACAP and VIP in Microglia: Implications for Multiple Sclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094788. [PMID: 35563181 PMCID: PMC9104531 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neuroinflammatory and demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS), characterised by the infiltration of peripheral immune cells, multifocal white-matter lesions, and neurodegeneration. In recent years, microglia have emerged as key contributors to MS pathology, acting as scavengers of toxic myelin/cell debris and modulating the inflammatory microenvironment to promote myelin repair. In this review, we explore the role of two neuropeptides, pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), as important regulators of microglial functioning during demyelination, myelin phagocytosis, and remyelination, emphasising the potential of these neuropeptides as therapeutic targets for the treatment of MS.
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9
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Long L, Zang Q, Jia G, Fan M, Zhang L, Qi Y, Liu Y, Yu L, Wang S. Transcutaneous Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation Promotes White Matter Repair and Improves Dysphagia Symptoms in Cerebral Ischemia Model Rats. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:811419. [PMID: 35493949 PMCID: PMC9051615 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.811419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Clinical and animal studies have shown that transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (ta-VNS) exerts neuroprotection following cerebral ischemia. Studies have revealed that white matter damage after ischemia is related to swallowing defects, and the degree of white matter damage is related to the severity of dysphagia. However, the effect of ta-VNS on dysphagia symptoms and white matter damage in dysphagic animals after an ischemic stroke has not been investigated. Methods Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) rats were randomly divided into the sham, control and vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) group, which subsequently received ta-VNS for 3 weeks. The swallowing reflex was measured once weekly by electromyography (EMG). White matter remyelination, volume, angiogenesis and the inflammatory response in the white matter were assessed by electron microscopy, immunohistochemistry, stereology, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blotting. Results ta-VNS significantly increased the number of swallows within 20 s and reduced the onset latency to the first swallow. ta-VNS significantly improved remyelination but did not alleviate white matter shrinkage after MCAO. Stereology revealed that ta-VNS significantly increased the density of capillaries and increased vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF2) expression in the white matter. ta-VNS significantly alleviated the increase inTLR4, MyD88, phosphorylated MAPK and NF-κB protein levels and suppressed the expression of the proinflammatory factors IL-1β and TNF-α. Conclusion These results indicated ta-VNS slightly improved dysphagia symptoms after ischemic stroke, possibly by increasing remyelination, inducing angiogenesis, and inhibiting the inflammatory response in the white matter of cerebral ischaemia model rats, implying that ta-VNS may be an effective therapeutic strategy for the treatment of dysphagia after ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Long
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qianwen Zang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Gongwei Jia
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Meng Fan
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Weinan Central Hospital, Weinan, China
| | - Liping Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yingqiang Qi
- Center of Electron Microscope, Institute of Life Science of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yilin Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lehua Yu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Sanrong Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Sanrong Wang
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10
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Pierre WC, Londono I, Quiniou C, Chemtob S, Lodygensky GA. Modulatory effect of IL‐1 inhibition following lipopolysaccharide‐induced neuroinflammation in neonatal microglia and astrocytes. Int J Dev Neurosci 2022; 82:243-260. [DOI: 10.1002/jdn.10179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wyston C. Pierre
- Sainte‐Justine Hospital and Research Center, Department of Pediatrics Université de Montréal Montréal, Québec Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology Université de Montréal Montréal Canada
| | - Irène Londono
- Sainte‐Justine Hospital and Research Center, Department of Pediatrics Université de Montréal Montréal, Québec Canada
| | - Christiane Quiniou
- Sainte‐Justine Hospital and Research Center, Department of Pediatrics Université de Montréal Montréal, Québec Canada
| | - Sylvain Chemtob
- Sainte‐Justine Hospital and Research Center, Department of Pediatrics Université de Montréal Montréal, Québec Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology Université de Montréal Montréal Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics McGill University Montréal Canada
| | - Gregory A. Lodygensky
- Sainte‐Justine Hospital and Research Center, Department of Pediatrics Université de Montréal Montréal, Québec Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology Université de Montréal Montréal Canada
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11
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Zhang H, Xu J, Wu Q, Fang H, Shao X, Ouyang X, He Z, Deng Y, Chen C. Gut Microbiota Mediates the Susceptibility of Mice to Sepsis-Associated Encephalopathy by Butyric Acid. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:2103-2119. [PMID: 35386224 PMCID: PMC8977350 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s350566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Neuroinflammation plays an important part in the pathophysiology of sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE). Gut microbiota and gut brain axis are considered as important mediators in the development of neurological diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of intestinal microbiota in sepsis-related brain injury and to explore the underlying mechanisms. Methods Mouse model of SAE was established using cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Based on the mouse mortality and the associated time of death, light SAE (LSAE) and severe SAE (SSAE) were classified. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) was performed to verify the role of intestinal microbiota. Feces of mice in the two groups which collected before operation were sequenced for 16S and targeted short chain fatty acids. Results Intestinal microbiota from SSAE and LSAE mice displayed diverse functions. Interestingly, LSAE mice produced more butyric acid compared with SSAE mice. In the in vivo experiments, sodium butyrate (NaB) reduced the high oxidative stress levels in mice hippocampus and conferred a marked survival superiority to sepsis mice. In addition, NaB prevented the increase in intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and inducible nitric-oxide synthase expression in LPS-stimulated primary microglia. The GPR109A/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway was found to be involved in the activation of antioxidant response of primary microglia induced by sodium butyrate. Conclusion Our findings indicate a crucial role of gut microbiota in the susceptibility to SAE. Butyrate, a metabolite of intestinal microbiota, may have a neuroprotective effect in the process of sepsis by GPR109A/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huidan Zhang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, People’s Republic of China
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, People’s Republic of China
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingrui Wu
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Heng Fang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, People’s Republic of China
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Shao
- Department of Intensive Care Unit of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Ouyang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhimei He
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yiyu Deng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, People’s Republic of China
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, People’s Republic of China
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Yiyu Deng; Chunbo Chen, Tel +86-20-83827812 ext. 61526, Fax +86-20-83827712, Email ;
| | - Chunbo Chen
- Department of Intensive Care Unit of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, People’s Republic of China
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, People’s Republic of China
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
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12
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Wang MJ, Li ZH, Gao RW, Chen QF, Lin J, Xiao ML, Zhang K, Chen C. Effects of delayed HIF-1α expression in astrocytes on myelination following hypoxia-ischaemia white matter injury in immature rats. Transl Pediatr 2022; 11:20-32. [PMID: 35242649 PMCID: PMC8825930 DOI: 10.21037/tp-21-407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The underlying cause of neurological sequelae after immature cerebral hypoxia-ischaemia (HI) white matter injury is impaired myelination. Previous studies have indicated that astrocyte activation is closely related to impaired myelination. However, the mechanism of reactive gliosis in white matter injury post-HI remains poorly understood. METHODS Studies using adult ischaemic animal models demonstrated that hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) expression was involved in the formation of reactive astrocytes. Here, we investigated the temporal expression of HIF-1α and its impact on reactive gliosis and further myelination using a perinatal HI white matter injury model induced in rats at postnatal day 3. The temporal pattern of HIF-1α expression post-HI injury was tested by western blotting and immunofluorescence. Rats were treated with a HIF-1α inhibitor at 72 hours post-HI injury. Reactive gliosis and myelination were assessed with western blotting, immunofluorescence and electron microscopy, and neurological functions were examined by behavioural testing. RESULTS Our results showed that the expression of HIF-1α was upregulated in neurons at 24 hours and in astrocytes at 7 days post-HI. Inhibiting delayed HIF-1α expression post-HI injury could restrain reactive gliosis, ameliorate hypomyelination, and improve the performance of rats in the Morris water maze test. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that a delayed increase in HIF-1α in astrocytes is involved in glial scar formation and leads to arrested oligodendrocyte maturation, impaired myelination, and long-term neurological function after experimental white matter injury in immature rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Jie Wang
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Neonatal Disease, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Hua Li
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Neonatal Disease, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui-Wei Gao
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Neonatal Disease, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiu-Fan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Neonatal Disease, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Lin
- Key Laboratory of Neonatal Disease, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Mi-Li Xiao
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Neonatal Disease, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Neonatal Disease, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Neonatal Disease, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China
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13
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Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder characterized by irreversible deterioration of upper and lower motor neurons (MNs). Previously, studies on the involvement of glial cells in the pathogenic process of ALS have mainly revolved around astrocytes and microglia. And oligodendrocytes (OLs) have only recently been highlighted. Grey matter demyelination within the motor cortex and proliferation of the oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) was observed in ALS patients. The selective ablation of mutant SOD1 (the dysfunctional superoxide dismutase) from the oligodendrocyte progenitors after birth significantly delayed disease onset and prolonged the overall survival in ALS mice model (SOD1G37R). In this study, we review the several mechanisms of oligodendrocyte dysfunction involved in the pathological process of myelin damage and MNs death during ALS. Particularly, we examined the insufficient local energy supply from OLs to axons, impaired differentiation from OPCs into OLs mediated by oxidative stress damage, and inflammatory injury to the OLs. Since increasing evidence depicted that ALS is not a disease limited to MNs damage, exploring the mechanisms by which oligodendrocyte dysfunction is involved in MNs death would contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of ALS and identifying potential drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenxiang Gong
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Li Ba
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
- Min Zhang, Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Road, Qiaokou District, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China. Tel: +86-27-83663895, E-mail:
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14
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Abd-El-Basset EM, Rao MS, Alshawaf SM, Ashkanani HK, Kabli AH. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) induces astrogliosis, microgliosis and promotes survival of cortical neurons. AIMS Neurosci 2021; 8:558-584. [PMID: 34877406 PMCID: PMC8611192 DOI: 10.3934/neuroscience.2021031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Neuro-inflammation occurs as a sequence of brain injury and is associated with production of cytokines. Cytokines can modulate the function and survival of neurons, microglia and astrocytes. The objective of this study is to examine the effect of TNF on the neurons, microglia and astrocytes in normal brain and stab wound brain injury. Methods Normal BALB/c male mice (N) without any injury were subdivided into NA and NB groups. Another set mouse was subjected to stab wound brain injury (I) and were subdivided into IA and IB. NA and IA groups received intraperitoneal injections of TNF (1 µg/kg body weight/day) for nine days, whereas NB and IB groups received intraperitoneal injections of PBS. Animals were killed on 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 7th, and 9th day. Frozen brain sections through the injury site in IA and IB or corresponding region in NA and NB groups were stained for neurodegeneration, immunostained for astrocytes, microglia and neurons. Western blotting for GFAP and ELISA for BDNF were done from the tissues collected from all groups. Results The number of degenerating neurons significantly decreased in TNF treated groups. There was a significant increase in the number of astrocytes and microglia in TNF treated groups compared to PBS treated groups. In addition, it was found that TNF stimulated the expression of GFAP and BDNF in NA and IA groups. Conclusions TNF induces astrogliosis and microgliosis in normal and injured brain and promotes the survival of cortical neurons in stab wound brain injury, may be by upregulating the BDNF level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebtesam M Abd-El-Basset
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 24923, Safat 13100, Kuwait
| | - Muddanna Sakkattu Rao
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 24923, Safat 13100, Kuwait
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15
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Huang P, Chen X, Hu X, Zhou Q, Lin L, Jiang S, Fu H, Xiong Y, Zeng H, Fang M, Chen C, Deng Y. Experimentally Induced Sepsis Causes Extensive Hypomyelination in the Prefrontal Cortex and Hippocampus in Neonatal Rats. Neuromolecular Med 2020; 22:420-436. [PMID: 32638208 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-020-08602-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Neonatal sepsis is associated with cognitive deficit in the later life. Axonal myelination plays a pivotal role in neurotransmission and formation of learning and memory. This study aimed to explore if systemic lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection would induce hypomyelination in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus in developing septic neonatal rats. Sprague-Dawley rats (1-day old) were injected with LPS (1 mg/kg) intraperitoneally. By electron microscopy, axonal hypomyelination was evident in the subcortical white matter and hippocampus. The expression of myelin proteins including CNPase, MBP, PLP and MAG was downregulated in both areas of the brain at 7, 14 and 28 days after LPS injection. The frequency of MBP and PLP-positive oligodendrocyte was significantly reduced using in situ hybridization in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus at the corresponding time points after LPS injection, whereas the expression of NG2 and PDGFRα was noticeably increased. In tandem with this was reduction of Olig1 and Olig2 expressions which are involved in differentiation/maturation of OPCs. Expression of NFL, NFM, and NFH was significantly downregulated, indicating that axon development was disrupted after LPS injection. Morris Water Maze behavioral test, Open field test, Rotarod test, and Pole test were used to evaluate neurological behaviors of 28 days rats. The rats in the LPS group showed the impairment of motor coordination, balance, memory, and learning ability and represented bradykinesia and anxiety-like behavior. The present results suggest that following systemic LPS injection, differentiation/maturation of OPCs was affected which may be attributed to the inhibition of transcription factors Olig1 and Olig2 expression resulting in impairment to axonal development. It is suggested that this would ultimately lead to axonal hypomyelination in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, which may be associated with neurological deficits in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peixian Huang
- Department of Critical Care and Emergency, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuan Chen
- Department of Critical Care and Emergency, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515063, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoli Hu
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School and Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiuping Zhou
- Department of Critical Care and Emergency, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
- South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, Guangdong, China
| | - Lanfen Lin
- Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, 510317, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuqi Jiang
- Department of Critical Care and Emergency, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
- South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, Guangdong, China
| | - Hui Fu
- Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, China
| | - Yajie Xiong
- Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, China
| | - Hongke Zeng
- Department of Critical Care and Emergency, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Ming Fang
- Department of Critical Care and Emergency, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Chunbo Chen
- Department of Intensive Care Unit of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Yiyu Deng
- Department of Critical Care and Emergency, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China.
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16
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Cadmium-Induced Oxidative Stress: Focus on the Central Nervous System. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9060492. [PMID: 32516892 PMCID: PMC7346204 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9060492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd), a category I human carcinogen, is a well-known widespread environmental pollutant. Chronic Cd exposure affects different organs and tissues, such as the central nervous system (CNS), and its deleterious effects can be linked to indirect reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Since Cd is predominantly present in +2 oxidation state, it can interplay with a plethora of channels and transporters in the cell membrane surface in order to enter the cells. Mitochondrial dysfunction, ROS production, glutathione depletion and lipid peroxidation are reviewed in order to better characterize the Cd-elicited molecular pathways. Furthermore, Cd effects on different CNS cell types have been highlighted to better elucidate its role in neurodegenerative disorders. Indeed, Cd can increase blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability and promotes Cd entry that, in turn, stimulates pericytes in maintaining the BBB open. Once inside the CNS, Cd acts on glial cells (astrocytes, microglia, oligodendrocytes) triggering a pro-inflammatory cascade that accounts for the Cd deleterious effects and neurons inducing the destruction of synaptic branches.
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17
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Hui Z, Zhijun Y, Yushan Y, Liping C, Yiying Z, Difan Z, Chunglit CT, Wei C. The combination of acyclovir and dexamethasone protects against Alzheimer's disease-related cognitive impairments in mice. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2020; 237:1851-1860. [PMID: 32221697 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-020-05503-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease. However, effective drugs for this disease have not yet been developed. The analysis of big data indicated that childhood herpes virus infection may be associated with the incidence of AD, suggesting that anti-herpetic drugs, such as acyclovir, may have preventive and suppressive effects in AD therapy. Moreover, short-term use of dexamethasone (DXMT), a clinical used synthetic corticosteroid, could effectively inhibit AD-related neuroinflammation. In this study, we have found that the combination of acyclovir and DXMT, but not acyclovir or DXMT alone, could protect against AD causing β-amyloid (Aβ) oligomer-induced spatial cognitive impairments. Moreover, acyclovir and DXMT could prevent Aβ oligomer-induced over-activation of microglia and astrocytes, and over-expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, indicating that anti-AD effects of drug combination might be at least partially via neuroinflammation inhibition and immunomodulation. Furthermore, Aβ oligomer-induced decrease of PSD-95 and increase of pTau expression was prevented by the combination of acyclovir and DXMT, suggesting the involvement of synaptic protective effects of the drug combination. Taken together, our studies indicated that the combination of acyclovir and DXMT might be an alternative therapy for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Hui
- Translational Medicine Center of Pain, Emotion and Cognition, Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Yuan Zhijun
- Translational Medicine Center of Pain, Emotion and Cognition, Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Yan Yushan
- Translational Medicine Center of Pain, Emotion and Cognition, Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Chen Liping
- Translational Medicine Center of Pain, Emotion and Cognition, Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Zhou Yiying
- Translational Medicine Center of Pain, Emotion and Cognition, Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Zhang Difan
- Translational Medicine Center of Pain, Emotion and Cognition, Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | | | - Cui Wei
- Translational Medicine Center of Pain, Emotion and Cognition, Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
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18
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Che DN, Cho BO, Kim JS, Shin JY, Kang HJ, Jang SI. Luteolin and Apigenin Attenuate LPS-Induced Astrocyte Activation and Cytokine Production by Targeting MAPK, STAT3, and NF-κB Signaling Pathways. Inflammation 2020; 43:1716-1728. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-020-01245-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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19
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Belov Kirdajova D, Kriska J, Tureckova J, Anderova M. Ischemia-Triggered Glutamate Excitotoxicity From the Perspective of Glial Cells. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:51. [PMID: 32265656 PMCID: PMC7098326 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A plethora of neurological disorders shares a final common deadly pathway known as excitotoxicity. Among these disorders, ischemic injury is a prominent cause of death and disability worldwide. Brain ischemia stems from cardiac arrest or stroke, both responsible for insufficient blood supply to the brain parenchyma. Glucose and oxygen deficiency disrupts oxidative phosphorylation, which results in energy depletion and ionic imbalance, followed by cell membrane depolarization, calcium (Ca2+) overload, and extracellular accumulation of excitatory amino acid glutamate. If tight physiological regulation fails to clear the surplus of this neurotransmitter, subsequent prolonged activation of glutamate receptors forms a vicious circle between elevated concentrations of intracellular Ca2+ ions and aberrant glutamate release, aggravating the effect of this ischemic pathway. The activation of downstream Ca2+-dependent enzymes has a catastrophic impact on nervous tissue leading to cell death, accompanied by the formation of free radicals, edema, and inflammation. After decades of “neuron-centric” approaches, recent research has also finally shed some light on the role of glial cells in neurological diseases. It is becoming more and more evident that neurons and glia depend on each other. Neuronal cells, astrocytes, microglia, NG2 glia, and oligodendrocytes all have their roles in what is known as glutamate excitotoxicity. However, who is the main contributor to the ischemic pathway, and who is the unsuspecting victim? In this review article, we summarize the so-far-revealed roles of cells in the central nervous system, with particular attention to glial cells in ischemia-induced glutamate excitotoxicity, its origins, and consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denisa Belov Kirdajova
- Department of Cellular Neurophysiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic (ASCR), Prague, Czechia.,Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jan Kriska
- Department of Cellular Neurophysiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic (ASCR), Prague, Czechia.,Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jana Tureckova
- Department of Cellular Neurophysiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic (ASCR), Prague, Czechia
| | - Miroslava Anderova
- Department of Cellular Neurophysiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic (ASCR), Prague, Czechia.,Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
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20
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Peng L, Zhou Y, Jiang N, Wang T, Zhu J, Chen Y, Li L, Zhang J, Yu S, Zhao Y. DJ-1 exerts anti-inflammatory effects and regulates NLRX1-TRAF6 via SHP-1 in stroke. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:81. [PMID: 32151250 PMCID: PMC7061472 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-01764-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acute inflammation induced by reactive astrocytes after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is important for protecting the resultant lesion. Our previous study demonstrated that DJ-1 is abundantly expressed in reactive astrocytes after cerebral I/R injury. Here, we show that DJ-1 negatively regulates the inflammatory response by facilitating the interaction between SHP-1 and TRAF6, thereby inducing the dissociation of NLRX1 from TRAF6. Methods We used oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) in vitro in primary astrocyte cultures and transient middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) in vivo to mimic I/R insult. Results The inhibition of DJ-1 expression increased the expression of the inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. DJ-1 knockdown facilitated the interaction between NLRX1 and TRAF6. However, the loss of DJ-1 attenuated the interaction between SHP-1 and TRAF6. In subsequent experiments, a SHP-1 inhibitor altered the interaction between SHP-1 and TRAF6 and facilitated the interaction between NLRX1 and TRAF6 in DJ-1-overexpressing astrocytes. Conclusion These findings suggest that DJ-1 exerts an SHP-1-dependent anti-inflammatory effect and induces the dissociation of NLRX1 from TRAF6 during cerebral I/R injury. Thus, DJ-1 may be an efficacious therapeutic target for the treatment of I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Peng
- Department of Pathology, Chongqing Medical University, Yixueyuan Road 1, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China.,Molecular Medical Laboratory, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Chongqing Medical University, Yixueyuan Road 1, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China.,Molecular Medical Laboratory, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Chongqing Medical University, Yixueyuan Road 1, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China.,Molecular Medical Laboratory, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Wang
- Department of Pathology, Chongqing Medical University, Yixueyuan Road 1, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China.,Molecular Medical Laboratory, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Chongqing Medical University, Yixueyuan Road 1, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China.,Molecular Medical Laboratory, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanlin Chen
- Department of Pathology, Chongqing Medical University, Yixueyuan Road 1, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China.,Molecular Medical Laboratory, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Linyu Li
- Department of Pathology, Chongqing Medical University, Yixueyuan Road 1, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China.,Molecular Medical Laboratory, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinyan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Chongqing Medical University, Yixueyuan Road 1, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China.,Molecular Medical Laboratory, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Yu
- Department of Pathology, Chongqing Medical University, Yixueyuan Road 1, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China. .,Molecular Medical Laboratory, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China. .,Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yong Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Chongqing Medical University, Yixueyuan Road 1, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China. .,Molecular Medical Laboratory, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China. .,Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China.
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21
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Astrocyte and Oligodendrocyte Cross-Talk in the Central Nervous System. Cells 2020; 9:cells9030600. [PMID: 32138223 PMCID: PMC7140446 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade knowledge of the role of astrocytes in central nervous system (CNS) neuroinflammatory diseases has changed dramatically. Rather than playing a merely passive role in response to damage it is clear that astrocytes actively maintain CNS homeostasis by influencing pH, ion and water balance, the plasticity of neurotransmitters and synapses, cerebral blood flow, and are important immune cells. During disease astrocytes become reactive and hypertrophic, a response that was long considered to be pathogenic. However, recent studies reveal that astrocytes also have a strong tissue regenerative role. Whilst most astrocyte research focuses on modulating neuronal function and synaptic transmission little is known about the cross-talk between astrocytes and oligodendrocytes, the myelinating cells of the CNS. This communication occurs via direct cell-cell contact as well as via secreted cytokines, chemokines, exosomes, and signalling molecules. Additionally, this cross-talk is important for glial development, triggering disease onset and progression, as well as stimulating regeneration and repair. Its critical role in homeostasis is most evident when this communication fails. Here, we review emerging evidence of astrocyte-oligodendrocyte communication in health and disease. Understanding the pathways involved in this cross-talk will reveal important insights into the pathogenesis and treatment of CNS diseases.
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Fresta CG, Fidilio A, Caruso G, Caraci F, Giblin FJ, Marco Leggio G, Salomone S, Drago F, Bucolo C. A New Human Blood-Retinal Barrier Model Based on Endothelial Cells, Pericytes, and Astrocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1636. [PMID: 32121029 PMCID: PMC7084779 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood-retinal barrier (BRB) dysfunction represents one of the most significant changes occurring during diabetic retinopathy. We set up a high-reproducible human-based in vitro BRB model using retinal pericytes, retinal astrocytes, and retinal endothelial cells in order to replicate the human in vivo environment with the same numerical ratio and layer order. Our findings showed that high glucose exposure elicited BRB breakdown, enhanced permeability, and reduced the levels of junction proteins such as ZO-1 and VE-cadherin. Furthermore, an increased expression of pro-inflammatory mediators (IL-1β, IL-6) and oxidative stress-related enzymes (iNOS, Nox2) along with an increased production of reactive oxygen species were observed in our triple co-culture paradigm. Finally, we found an activation of immune response-regulating signaling pathways (Nrf2 and HO-1). In conclusion, the present model mimics the closest human in vivo milieu, providing a valuable tool to study the impact of high glucose in the retina and to develop novel molecules with potential effect on diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia G. Fresta
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (C.G.F.); (G.M.L.); (S.S.)
| | - Annamaria Fidilio
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (A.F.); (F.C.)
| | | | - Filippo Caraci
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (A.F.); (F.C.)
- Oasi Research Institute—IRCCS, 94018 Troina, Italy;
| | - Frank J. Giblin
- Eye Research Institute, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309, USA;
| | - Gian Marco Leggio
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (C.G.F.); (G.M.L.); (S.S.)
- Center for Research in Ocular Pharmacology-CERFO, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Salvatore Salomone
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (C.G.F.); (G.M.L.); (S.S.)
- Center for Research in Ocular Pharmacology-CERFO, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Filippo Drago
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (C.G.F.); (G.M.L.); (S.S.)
- Center for Research in Ocular Pharmacology-CERFO, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Claudio Bucolo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (C.G.F.); (G.M.L.); (S.S.)
- Eye Research Institute, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309, USA;
- Center for Research in Ocular Pharmacology-CERFO, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
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Alqawlaq S, Flanagan JG, Sivak JM. All roads lead to glaucoma: Induced retinal injury cascades contribute to a common neurodegenerative outcome. Exp Eye Res 2018; 183:88-97. [PMID: 30447198 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2018.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Glaucoma describes a distinct optic neuropathy with complex etiology and a variety of associated risk factors, but with similar pathological endpoints. Risk factors such as age, increased intraocular pressure (IOP), low mean arterial pressure, and autoimmune disease, can all be associated with death of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and optic nerve head remodeling. Today, IOP management remains the standard of care, even though IOP elevation is not pathognomonic of glaucoma, and patients can continue to lose vision despite effective IOP control. A contemporary view of glaucoma as a complex, neurodegenerative disease has developed, along with the recognition of a need for new disease modifying retinal treatment strategies and improved outcomes. However, the distinction between risk factors triggering the disease process and retinal injury responses is not always clear. In this review, we attempt to distinguish between the various triggers, and their association with subsequent key RGC injury mechanisms. We propose that distinct glaucomatous risk factors result in similar retinal and optic nerve injury cascades, including oxidative and metabolic stress, glial reactivity, and altered inflammatory responses, which induce common molecular signals to induce RGC apoptosis. This organization forms a coherent disease framework and presents conserved targets for therapeutic intervention that are not limited to specific risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samih Alqawlaq
- Department of Vision Science, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Vision Science Research Program, Ophthalmology and Vision Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - John G Flanagan
- School of Optometry and Vision Science Program, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Jeremy M Sivak
- Department of Vision Science, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Vision Science Research Program, Ophthalmology and Vision Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Ugolini F, Lana D, Nardiello P, Nosi D, Pantano D, Casamenti F, Giovannini MG. Different Patterns of Neurodegeneration and Glia Activation in CA1 and CA3 Hippocampal Regions of TgCRND8 Mice. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:372. [PMID: 30483118 PMCID: PMC6243135 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the different patterns of neurodegeneration and glia activation in CA1 and CA3 hippocampal areas of TgCRND8 mice. The main feature of this transgenic model is the rapid development of the amyloid pathology, which starts already at 3 months of age. We performed immunohistochemical analyses to compare the different sensibility of the two hippocampal regions to neurodegeneration. We performed qualitative and quantitative evaluations by fluorescence immunohistochemistry with double or triple staining, followed by confocal microscopy and digital image analysis in stratum pyramidale (SP) and stratum radiatum (SR) of CA1 and CA3, separately. We evaluated time-dependent Aβ plaques deposition, expression of inflammatory markers, as well as quantitative and morphological alterations of neurons and glia in transgenic mice at 3 (Tg 3M) and 6 (Tg 6M) months of age, compared to WT mice. In CA1 SR of Tg 6M mice, we found significantly more Medium and Large plaques than in CA3. The pattern of neurodegeneration and astrocytes activation was different in the two areas, indicating higher sensitivity of CA1. In the CA1 SP of Tg 6M mice, we found signs of reactive astrogliosis, such as increase of astrocytes density in SP, increase of GFAP expression in SR, and elongation of astrocytes branches. We found also common patterns of glia activation and neurodegenerative processes in CA1 and CA3 of Tg 6M mice: significant increase of total and reactive microglia density in SP and SR, increased expression of TNFα, of iNOS, and IL1β in astrocytes and increased density of neurons-astrocytes-microglia triads. In CA1 SP, we found decrease of volume and number of pyramidal neurons, paralleled by increase of apoptosis, and, consequently, shrinkage of CA1 SP. These data demonstrate that in TgCRND8 mice, the responses of neurons and glia to neurodegenerative patterns induced by Aβ plaques deposition is not uniform in the two hippocampal areas, and in CA1 pyramidal neurons, the higher sensitivity may be related to the different plaque distribution in this area. All these modifications may be at the basis of memory loss, the peculiar symptom of AD, which was demonstrated in this transgenic mouse model of Aβ deposition, even at early stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Ugolini
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Daniele Lana
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Pamela Nardiello
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Daniele Nosi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Daniela Pantano
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Fiorella Casamenti
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Giovannini
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Inhibitory Effect of LPS on the Proliferation of Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells through the Notch Signaling Pathway in Intrauterine Infection-induced Rats. Curr Med Sci 2018; 38:840-846. [PMID: 30341518 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-018-1951-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Periventricular white matter injury (PWMI) is very common in survivors of premature birth, and the final outcomes are a reduction in myelinated neurons leading to white matter hypomyelination. How and (or) why the oligodendrocyte lineage develops abnormally and myelination is reduced is a hot topic in the field. This study focuses on the effect of intrauterine inflammation on the proliferation of oligodendrocyte lineage cells and the underlying mechanisms. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (300 μg/kg) was intraperitoneally injected into pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats at embryonic days 19 and 20 to establish a rat model of intrauterine infection-induced white matter injury. Corpus callosum tissues were collected at postnatal day 14 (P14) to quantify the number of oligodendrocytes, the number and proliferation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), and the expression of myelin proteins (MBP and PLP). Furthermore, the expression of Wnt and Notch signaling-related proteins was analyzed. The results showed that the number of oligodendrocytes in the corpus callosum tissues of LPS-treated rats was reduced, and the expression levels of myelinating proteins were down-regulated. Further analysis showed that the Notch signaling pathway was down-regulated in the LPStreated group. These results indicate that intrauterine LPS may inhibit the proliferation of OPCs by down-regulating the Notch rather than the Wnt signaling pathway, leading to hypomyelination of white matter.
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26
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Osipova ED, Semyachkina-Glushkovskaya OV, Morgun AV, Pisareva NV, Malinovskaya NA, Boitsova EB, Pozhilenkova EA, Belova OA, Salmin VV, Taranushenko TE, Noda M, Salmina AB. Gliotransmitters and cytokines in the control of blood-brain barrier permeability. Rev Neurosci 2018; 29:567-591. [DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2017-0092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe contribution of astrocytes and microglia to the regulation of neuroplasticity or neurovascular unit (NVU) is based on the coordinated secretion of gliotransmitters and cytokines and the release and uptake of metabolites. Blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity and angiogenesis are influenced by perivascular cells contacting with the abluminal side of brain microvessel endothelial cells (pericytes, astrocytes) or by immune cells existing (microglia) or invading the NVU (macrophages) under pathologic conditions. The release of gliotransmitters or cytokines by activated astroglial and microglial cells is provided by distinct mechanisms, affects intercellular communication, and results in the establishment of microenvironment controlling BBB permeability and neuroinflammation. Glial glutamate transporters and connexin and pannexin hemichannels working in the tight functional coupling with the purinergic system serve as promising molecular targets for manipulating the intercellular communications that control BBB permeability in brain pathologies associated with excessive angiogenesis, cerebrovascular remodeling, and BBB-mediated neuroinflammation. Substantial progress in deciphering the molecular mechanisms underlying the (patho)physiology of perivascular glia provides promising approaches to novel clinically relevant therapies for brain disorders. The present review summarizes the current understandings on the secretory machinery expressed in glial cells (glutamate transporters, connexin and pannexin hemichannels, exocytosis mechanisms, membrane-derived microvesicles, and inflammasomes) and the role of secreted gliotransmitters and cytokines in the regulation of NVU and BBB permeability in (patho)physiologic conditions.
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27
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Imai K, Kotani T, Tsuda H, Nakano T, Ushida T, Iwase A, Nagai T, Toyokuni S, Suzumura A, Kikkawa F. Administration of molecular hydrogen during pregnancy improves behavioral abnormalities of offspring in a maternal immune activation model. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9221. [PMID: 29907804 PMCID: PMC6003913 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27626-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate long-term outcomes of the offspring in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced maternal immune activation (MIA) model and the effect of maternal molecular hydrogen (H2) administration. We have previously demonstrated in the MIA mouse model that maternal administration of H2 attenuates oxidative damage and neuroinflammation, including induced pro-inflammatory cytokines and microglial activation, in the fetal brain. Short-term memory, sociability and social novelty, and sensorimotor gating were evaluated using the Y-maze, three-chamber, and prepulse inhibition (PPI) tests, respectively, at postnatal 3 or 4 weeks. The number of neurons and oligodendrocytes was also analyzed at postnatal 5 weeks by immunohistochemical analysis. Offspring of the LPS-exposed dams showed deficits in short-term memory and social interaction, following neuronal and oligodendrocytic loss in the amygdala and cortex. Maternal H2 administration markedly attenuated these LPS-induced abnormalities. Moreover, we evaluated the effect of H2 on LPS-induced astrocytic activation, both in vivo and in vitro. The number of activated astrocytes with hypertrophic morphology was increased in LPS-exposed offspring, but decreased in the offspring of H2-administered dams. In primary cultured astrocytes, LPS-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines were attenuated by H2 administration. Overall, these findings indicate that maternal H2 administration exerts neuroprotective effects and ameliorates MIA-induced neurodevelopmental deficits of offspring later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Imai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Tomomi Kotani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Tsuda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Japanese Red Cross Nagoya Daiichi Hospital, 3-35, Michishita-Cho, Nakamura-Ku, Nagoya, 453-8511, Japan
| | - Tomoko Nakano
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Takafumi Ushida
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Akira Iwase
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Taku Nagai
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Shinya Toyokuni
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Akio Suzumura
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Fumitaka Kikkawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
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28
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Zhan X, Stamova B, Sharp FR. Lipopolysaccharide Associates with Amyloid Plaques, Neurons and Oligodendrocytes in Alzheimer's Disease Brain: A Review. Front Aging Neurosci 2018. [PMID: 29520228 PMCID: PMC5827158 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This review proposes that lipopolysaccharide (LPS, found in the wall of all Gram-negative bacteria) could play a role in causing sporadic Alzheimer’s disease (AD). This is based in part upon recent studies showing that: Gram-negative E. coli bacteria can form extracellular amyloid; bacterial-encoded 16S rRNA is present in all human brains with over 70% being Gram-negative bacteria; ultrastructural analyses have shown microbes in erythrocytes of AD patients; blood LPS levels in AD patients are 3-fold the levels in control; LPS combined with focal cerebral ischemia and hypoxia produced amyloid-like plaques and myelin injury in adult rat cortex. Moreover, Gram-negative bacterial LPS was found in aging control and AD brains, though LPS levels were much higher in AD brains. In addition, LPS co-localized with amyloid plaques, peri-vascular amyloid, neurons, and oligodendrocytes in AD brains. Based upon the postulate LPS caused oligodendrocyte injury, degraded Myelin Basic Protein (dMBP) levels were found to be much higher in AD compared to control brains. Immunofluorescence showed that the dMBP co-localized with β amyloid (Aβ) and LPS in amyloid plaques in AD brain, and dMBP and other myelin molecules were found in the walls of vesicles in periventricular White Matter (WM). These data led to the hypothesis that LPS acts on leukocyte and microglial TLR4-CD14/TLR2 receptors to produce NFkB mediated increases of cytokines which increase Aβ levels, damage oligodendrocytes and produce myelin injury found in AD brain. Since Aβ1–42 is also an agonist for TLR4 receptors, this could produce a vicious cycle that accounts for the relentless progression of AD. Thus, LPS, the TLR4 receptor complex, and Gram-negative bacteria might be treatment or prevention targets for sporadic AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhua Zhan
- Department of Neurology, MIND Institute, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Boryana Stamova
- Department of Neurology, MIND Institute, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Frank R Sharp
- Department of Neurology, MIND Institute, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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29
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Hernandes MS, Lassègue B, Hilenski LL, Adams J, Gao N, Kuan CY, Sun YY, Cheng L, Kikuchi DS, Yepes M, Griendling KK. Polymerase delta-interacting protein 2 deficiency protects against blood-brain barrier permeability in the ischemic brain. J Neuroinflammation 2018; 15:45. [PMID: 29452577 PMCID: PMC5816395 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-017-1032-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polymerase δ-interacting protein 2 (Poldip2) is a multifunctional protein that regulates vascular extracellular matrix composition and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a dynamic system assembled by endothelial cells, basal lamina, and perivascular astrocytes, raising the possibility that Poldip2 may be involved in maintaining its structure. We investigated the role of Poldip2 in the late BBB permeability induced by cerebral ischemia. METHODS Transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) was induced in Poldip2+/+ and Poldip2+/- mice. The volume of the ischemic lesion was measured in triphenyltetrazolium chloride-stained sections. BBB breakdown was evaluated by Evans blue dye extravasation. Poldip2 protein expression was evaluated by western blotting. RT-PCR, zymography, and ELISAs were used to measure mRNA levels, activity, and protein levels of cytokines and MMPs. Cultured astrocytes were transfected with Poldip2 siRNA, and mRNA levels of cytokines were evaluated as well as IκBα protein degradation. RESULTS Cerebral ischemia induced the expression of Poldip2. Compared to Poldip2+/+ mice, Poldip2+/- animals exhibited decreased Evans blue dye extravasation and improved survival 24 h following stroke. Poldip2 expression was upregulated in astrocytes exposed to oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) and siRNA-mediated downregulation of Poldip2 abrogated OGD-induced IL-6 and TNF-α expression. In addition, siRNA against Poldip2 inhibited TNF-α-induced IκBα degradation. TNF-α, IL-6, MCP-1, VEGF, and MMP expression induced by cerebral ischemia was abrogated in Poldip2+/- mice. The protective effect of Poldip2 depletion on the increased permeability of the BBB was partially reversed by systemic administration of TNF-α. CONCLUSIONS Poldip2 is upregulated following ischemic stroke and mediates the breakdown of the BBB by increasing cerebral cytokine production and MMP activation. Therefore, Poldip2 appears to be a promising novel target for the development of therapeutic strategies to prevent the development of cerebral edema in the ischemic brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina S Hernandes
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, 101 Woodruff Circle, 308 WMB, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Bernard Lassègue
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, 101 Woodruff Circle, 308 WMB, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Lula L Hilenski
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, 101 Woodruff Circle, 308 WMB, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Jonathan Adams
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipids, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Ning Gao
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Chia-Yi Kuan
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Yu-Yo Sun
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Lihong Cheng
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Daniel S Kikuchi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, 101 Woodruff Circle, 308 WMB, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Manuel Yepes
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Division of Neuroscience, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Kathy K Griendling
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, 101 Woodruff Circle, 308 WMB, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
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30
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Winkler CW, Peterson KE. Using immunocompromised mice to identify mechanisms of Zika virus transmission and pathogenesis. Immunology 2018; 153:443-454. [PMID: 29266213 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is responsible for a recent global epidemic that has been associated with congenital brain malformations in fetuses and with Guillain-Barré syndrome in adults. Within the last 2 years, a major effort has been made to develop murine models to study the mechanism of viral transmission, pathogenesis and the host immune response. Here, we discuss the findings from these models regarding the role that the innate and adaptive immune responses have in controlling ZIKV infection and pathogenesis. Additionally, we examine how innate and adaptive immune responses influence sexual and vertical transmission of ZIKV infection as well as how these responses can influence the ability of ZIKV to cross the placenta and to induce damage in the developing brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clayton W Winkler
- Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Karin E Peterson
- Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Hamilton, MT, USA
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31
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Fakhoury M. Microglia and Astrocytes in Alzheimer's Disease: Implications for Therapy. Curr Neuropharmacol 2018; 16:508-518. [PMID: 28730967 PMCID: PMC5997862 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x15666170720095240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 291] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the progressive loss of neurons, which typically leads to severe impairments in cognitive functions including memory and learning. Key pathological features of this disease include the deposition of highly insoluble amyloid β peptides and the formation of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) in the brain. Mounting evidence also implicates sustained glial-mediated inflammation as a major contributor of the neurodegenerative processes and cognitive deficits observed in AD. METHODS This paper provides an overview of findings from both human and animal studies investigating the role of microglia and astrocytes in AD, and discusses potential avenues for therapeutic intervention. RESULTS Glial-mediated inflammation is a 'double-edged sword', performing both detrimental and beneficial functions in AD. Despite tremendous effort in elucidating the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying AD pathology, to date, there is no treatment that could prevent or cure this disease. Current treatments are only useful in slowing down the progression of AD and helping patients manage some of their behavioral and cognitive symptoms. CONCLUSION A better understanding of the role of microglia and astrocytes in the regulation of AD pathology is needed as this could pave the way for new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Fakhoury
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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32
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Pascual M, Montesinos J, Guerri C. Role of the innate immune system in the neuropathological consequences induced by adolescent binge drinking. J Neurosci Res 2017; 96:765-780. [PMID: 29214654 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Adolescence is a critical stage of brain maturation in which important plastic and dynamic processes take place in different brain regions, leading to development of the adult brain. Ethanol drinking in adolescence disrupts brain plasticity and causes structural and functional changes in immature brain areas (prefrontal cortex, limbic system) that result in cognitive and behavioral deficits. These changes, along with secretion of sexual and stress-related hormones in adolescence, may impact self-control, decision making, and risk-taking behaviors that contribute to anxiety and initiation of alcohol consumption. New data support the participation of the neuroimmune system in the effects of ethanol on the developing and adult brain. This article reviews the potential pathological bases that underlie the effects of alcohol on the adolescent brain, such as the contribution of genetic background, the perturbation of epigenetic programming, and the influence of the neuroimmune response. Special emphasis is given to the actions of ethanol in the innate immune receptor toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), since recent studies have demonstrated that by activating the inflammatory TLR4/NFκB signaling response in glial cells, binge drinking of ethanol triggers the release of cytokines/chemokines and free radicals, which exacerbate the immune response that causes neuroinflammation/neural damage as well as short- and long-term neurophysiological, cognitive, and behavioral dysfunction. Finally, potential treatments that target the neuroimmune response to treat the neuropathological and behavioral consequences of adolescent alcohol abuse are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Pascual
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pathology of Alcohol, Principe Felipe Research Center, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jorge Montesinos
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pathology of Alcohol, Principe Felipe Research Center, Valencia, Spain
| | - Consuelo Guerri
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pathology of Alcohol, Principe Felipe Research Center, Valencia, Spain
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Li B, Concepcion K, Meng X, Zhang L. Brain-immune interactions in perinatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. Prog Neurobiol 2017; 159:50-68. [PMID: 29111451 PMCID: PMC5831511 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2017.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Perinatal hypoxia-ischemia remains the primary cause of acute neonatal brain injury, leading to a high mortality rate and long-term neurological deficits, such as behavioral, social, attentional, cognitive and functional motor deficits. An ever-increasing body of evidence shows that the immune response to acute cerebral hypoxia-ischemia is a major contributor to the pathophysiology of neonatal brain injury. Hypoxia-ischemia provokes an intravascular inflammatory cascade that is further augmented by the activation of resident immune cells and the cerebral infiltration of peripheral immune cells response to cellular damages in the brain parenchyma. This prolonged and/or inappropriate neuroinflammation leads to secondary brain tissue injury. Yet, the long-term effects of immune activation, especially the adaptive immune response, on the hypoxic-ischemic brain still remain unclear. The focus of this review is to summarize recent advances in the understanding of post-hypoxic-ischemic neuroinflammation triggered by the innate and adaptive immune responses and to discuss how these mechanisms modulate the brain vulnerability to injury. A greater understanding of the reciprocal interactions between the hypoxic-ischemic brain and the immune system will open new avenues for potential immunomodulatory therapy in the treatment of neonatal brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- The Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Division of Pharmacology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA.
| | - Katherine Concepcion
- The Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Division of Pharmacology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Xianmei Meng
- The Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Division of Pharmacology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Lubo Zhang
- The Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Division of Pharmacology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
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34
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Wang HF, Liu XK, Li R, Zhang P, Chu Z, Wang CL, Liu HR, Qi J, Lv GY, Wang GY, Liu B, Li Y, Wang YY. Effect of glial cells on remyelination after spinal cord injury. Neural Regen Res 2017; 12:1724-1732. [PMID: 29171439 PMCID: PMC5696855 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.217354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Remyelination plays a key role in functional recovery of axons after spinal cord injury. Glial cells are the most abundant cells in the central nervous system. When spinal cord injury occurs, many glial cells at the lesion site are immediately activated, and different cells differentially affect inflammatory reactions after injury. In this review, we aim to discuss the core role of oligodendrocyte precursor cells and crosstalk with the rest of glia and their subcategories in the remyelination process. Activated astrocytes influence proliferation, differentiation, and maturation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells, while activated microglia alter remyelination by regulating the inflammatory reaction after spinal cord injury. Understanding the interaction between oligodendrocyte precursor cells and the rest of glia is necessary when designing a therapeutic plan of remyelination after spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-feng Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xing-kai Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreas Surgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Rui Li
- Hand & Foot Surgery and Reparative & Reconstruction Surgery Center, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreas Surgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Ze Chu
- Department of Emergency, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Chun-li Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreas Surgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Hua-rui Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreas Surgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Jun Qi
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreas Surgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Guo-yue Lv
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreas Surgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Guang-yi Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreas Surgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Cardiology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Yuan-yi Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
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Newville J, Jantzie LL, Cunningham LA. Embracing oligodendrocyte diversity in the context of perinatal injury. Neural Regen Res 2017; 12:1575-1585. [PMID: 29171412 PMCID: PMC5696828 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.217320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence is fueling a new appreciation of oligodendrocyte diversity that is overturning the traditional view that oligodendrocytes are a homogenous cell population. Oligodendrocytes of distinct origins, maturational stages, and regional locations may differ in their functional capacity or susceptibility to injury. One of the most unique qualities of the oligodendrocyte is its ability to produce myelin. Myelin abnormalities have been ascribed to a remarkable array of perinatal brain injuries, with concomitant oligodendrocyte dysregulation. Within this review, we discuss new insights into the diversity of the oligodendrocyte lineage and highlight their relevance in paradigms of perinatal brain injury. Future therapeutic development will be informed by comprehensive knowledge of oligodendrocyte pathophysiology that considers the particular facets of heterogeneity that this lineage exhibits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessie Newville
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Lauren L. Jantzie
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Lee Anna Cunningham
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
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Min Y, Li H, Xu K, Huang Y, Xiao J, Wang W, Li L, Yang T, Huang L, Yang L, Jiang H, Wang Q, Zhao M, Hua H, Mei R, Li F. Minocycline-Suppression of Early Peripheral Inflammation Reduces Hypoxia-Induced Neonatal Brain Injury. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:511. [PMID: 28955196 PMCID: PMC5600962 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
While extensive studies report that neonatal hypoxia-ischemia (HI) induces long-term cognitive impairment via inflammatory responses in the brain, little is known about the role of early peripheral inflammation response in HI injury. Here we used a neonatal hypoxia rodent model by subjecting postnatal day 0 (P0d) rat pups to systemic hypoxia (3.5 h), a condition that is commonly seen in clinic neonates, Then, an initial dose of minocycline (45 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) 2 h after the hypoxia exposure ended, followed by half dosage (22.5 mg/kg) minocycline treatment for next 6 consecutive days daily. Saline was injected as vehicle control. To examine how early peripheral inflammation responded to hypoxia and whether this peripheral inflammation response was associated to cognitive deficits. We found that neonatal hypoxia significantly increased leukocytes not only in blood, but also increased the monocytes in central nervous system (CNS), indicated by presence of C-C chemokine receptor type 2 (CCR2+)/CD11b+CD45+ positive cells and CCR2 protein expression level. The early onset of peripheral inflammation response was followed by a late onset of brain inflammation that was demonstrated by level of cytokine IL-1β and ionized calcium binding adapter molecule 1(Iba-1; activated microglial cell marker). Interrupted blood-brain barrier (BBB), hypomyelination and learning and memory deficits were seen after hypoxia. Interestingly, the cognitive function was highly correlated with hypoxia-induced leukocyte response. Notably, administration of minocycline even after the onset of hypoxia significantly suppressed leukocyte-mediated inflammation as well as brain inflammation, demonstrating neuroprotection in systemic hypoxia-induced brain damage. Our data provided new insights that systemic hypoxia induces cognitive dysfunction, which involves the leukocyte-mediated peripheral inflammation response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjun Min
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical UniversityKunming, China
| | - Hongchun Li
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical UniversityKunming, China
| | - Kaiyu Xu
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical UniversityKunming, China
| | - Yilong Huang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical UniversityKunming, China
| | - Jie Xiao
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical UniversityKunming, China
| | - Weizhou Wang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical UniversityKunming, China
| | - Longjun Li
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical UniversityKunming, China
| | - Ting Yang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical UniversityKunming, China
| | - Lixuan Huang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical UniversityKunming, China
| | - Ling Yang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical UniversityKunming, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical UniversityKunming, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical UniversityKunming, China
| | - Min Zhao
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical UniversityKunming, China
| | - HaiRong Hua
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical UniversityKunming, China
| | - Rong Mei
- Department of Neurology, Yunnan First People's HospitalKunming, China
| | - Fan Li
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical UniversityKunming, China
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Shiow LR, Favrais G, Schirmer L, Schang AL, Cipriani S, Andres C, Wright JN, Nobuta H, Fleiss B, Gressens P, Rowitch DH. Reactive astrocyte COX2-PGE2 production inhibits oligodendrocyte maturation in neonatal white matter injury. Glia 2017; 65:2024-2037. [PMID: 28856805 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is a major risk factor for neonatal white matter injury (NWMI), which is associated with later development of cerebral palsy. Although recent studies have demonstrated maturation arrest of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) in NWMI, the identity of inflammatory mediators with direct effects on OPCs has been unclear. Here, we investigated downstream effects of pro-inflammatory IL-1β to induce cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production in white matter. First, we assessed COX2 expression in human fetal brain and term neonatal brain affected by hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). In the developing human brain, COX2 was expressed in radial glia, microglia, and endothelial cells. In human term neonatal HIE cases with subcortical WMI, COX2 was strongly induced in reactive astrocytes with "A2" reactivity. Next, we show that OPCs express the EP1 receptor for PGE2, and PGE2 acts directly on OPCs to block maturation in vitro. Pharmacologic blockade with EP1-specific inhibitors (ONO-8711, SC-51089), or genetic deficiency of EP1 attenuated effects of PGE2. In an IL-1β-induced model of NWMI, astrocytes also exhibit "A2" reactivity and induce COX2. Furthermore, in vivo inhibition of COX2 with Nimesulide rescues hypomyelination and behavioral impairment. These findings suggest that neonatal white matter astrocytes can develop "A2" reactivity that contributes to OPC maturation arrest in NWMI through induction of COX2-PGE2 signaling, a pathway that can be targeted for neonatal neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence R Shiow
- Department of Pediatrics and Division of Neonatology.,Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Geraldine Favrais
- INSERM U930, Universite Francois Rabelais, Tours, France.,Neonatal intensive care unit, CHRU de Tours, Universite Francois Rabelais, Tours, France.,PROTECT, INSERM, Universite Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Paris, France
| | - Lucas Schirmer
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California.,Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Anne-Laure Schang
- PROTECT, INSERM, Universite Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Paris, France.,PremUP, Universite Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Paris, France
| | - Sara Cipriani
- PROTECT, INSERM, Universite Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Paris, France.,PremUP, Universite Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Paris, France
| | | | - Jaclyn N Wright
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Hiroko Nobuta
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Bobbi Fleiss
- PROTECT, INSERM, Universite Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Paris, France.,PremUP, Universite Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Paris, France.,Department of Perinatal Imaging and Health, Department of Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, King's Health Partners, St. Thomas Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pierre Gressens
- PROTECT, INSERM, Universite Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Paris, France.,PremUP, Universite Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Paris, France.,Department of Perinatal Imaging and Health, Department of Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, King's Health Partners, St. Thomas Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - David H Rowitch
- Department of Pediatrics and Division of Neonatology.,Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California.,Department of Paediatrics, and Wellcome Trust-MRC Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge University, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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38
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Kim JH, Ko PW, Lee HW, Jeong JY, Lee MG, Kim JH, Lee WH, Yu R, Oh WJ, Suk K. Astrocyte-derived lipocalin-2 mediates hippocampal damage and cognitive deficits in experimental models of vascular dementia. Glia 2017; 65:1471-1490. [DOI: 10.1002/glia.23174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Hong Kim
- Department of Pharmacology; Kyungpook National University we of Medicine; Daegu Republic of Korea
- BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences; Kyungpook National University School of Medicine; Daegu Republic of Korea
| | - Pan-Woo Ko
- Department of Neurology; Kyungpook National University School of Medicine; Daegu Republic of Korea
- Brain Science & Engineering Institute; Kyungpook National University; Daegu Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Won Lee
- Department of Neurology; Kyungpook National University School of Medicine; Daegu Republic of Korea
- Brain Science & Engineering Institute; Kyungpook National University; Daegu Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Young Jeong
- Department of Pharmacology; Kyungpook National University we of Medicine; Daegu Republic of Korea
| | - Maan-Gee Lee
- Department of Pharmacology; Kyungpook National University we of Medicine; Daegu Republic of Korea
- Brain Science & Engineering Institute; Kyungpook National University; Daegu Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Heon Kim
- Department of Pharmacology; Kyungpook National University we of Medicine; Daegu Republic of Korea
- Brain Science & Engineering Institute; Kyungpook National University; Daegu Republic of Korea
- BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences; Kyungpook National University School of Medicine; Daegu Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Ha Lee
- Department of Genetic Engineering; Kyungpook National University; Daegu Republic of Korea
| | - Ri Yu
- Korea Brain Research Institute; Daegu Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Jong Oh
- Korea Brain Research Institute; Daegu Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoungho Suk
- Department of Pharmacology; Kyungpook National University we of Medicine; Daegu Republic of Korea
- Brain Science & Engineering Institute; Kyungpook National University; Daegu Republic of Korea
- BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences; Kyungpook National University School of Medicine; Daegu Republic of Korea
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Paton MCB, McDonald CA, Allison BJ, Fahey MC, Jenkin G, Miller SL. Perinatal Brain Injury As a Consequence of Preterm Birth and Intrauterine Inflammation: Designing Targeted Stem Cell Therapies. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:200. [PMID: 28442989 PMCID: PMC5385368 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chorioamnionitis is a major cause of preterm birth and brain injury. Bacterial invasion of the chorion and amnion, and/or the placenta, can lead to a fetal inflammatory response, which in turn has significant adverse consequences for the developing fetal brain. Accordingly, there is a strong causal link between chorioamnionitis, preterm brain injury and the pathogenesis of severe postnatal neurological deficits and cerebral palsy. Currently there are no treatments to protect or repair against brain injury in preterm infants born after pregnancy compromised by intrauterine infection. This review describes the injurious cascade of events in the preterm brain in response to a severe fetal inflammatory event. We will highlight specific periods of increased vulnerability, and the potential effects of therapeutic intervention with cell-based therapies. Many clinical trials are underway to investigate the efficacy of stem cells to treat patients with cerebral palsy. Stem cells, obtained from umbilical cord tissue and cord blood, normally discarded after birth, are emerging as a safe and potentially effective therapy. It is not yet known, however, which stem cell type(s) are the most efficacious for administration to preterm infants to treat brain injury-mediated inflammation. Individual stem cell populations found in cord blood and tissue, such as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), have a number of potential benefits that may specifically target preterm inflammatory-induced brain injury. MSCs have strong immunomodulatory potential, protecting against global and local neuroinflammatory cascades triggered during infection to the fetus. EPCs have angiogenic and vascular reparative qualities that make them ideal for neurovascular repair. A combined therapy using both MSCs and EPCs to target inflammation and promote angiogenesis for re-establishment of vital vessel networks is a treatment concept that warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison C B Paton
- Neurodevelopment and Neuroprotection Research Group, The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash UniversityClayton, VIC, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash Medical Centre, Monash UniversityClayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Courtney A McDonald
- Neurodevelopment and Neuroprotection Research Group, The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash UniversityClayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Beth J Allison
- Neurodevelopment and Neuroprotection Research Group, The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash UniversityClayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael C Fahey
- Neurodevelopment and Neuroprotection Research Group, The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash UniversityClayton, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, Monash UniversityClayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Graham Jenkin
- Neurodevelopment and Neuroprotection Research Group, The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash UniversityClayton, VIC, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash Medical Centre, Monash UniversityClayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Suzanne L Miller
- Neurodevelopment and Neuroprotection Research Group, The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash UniversityClayton, VIC, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash Medical Centre, Monash UniversityClayton, VIC, Australia
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40
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Han Q, Lin Q, Huang P, Chen M, Hu X, Fu H, He S, Shen F, Zeng H, Deng Y. Microglia-derived IL-1β contributes to axon development disorders and synaptic deficit through p38-MAPK signal pathway in septic neonatal rats. J Neuroinflammation 2017; 14:52. [PMID: 28288671 PMCID: PMC5348817 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-017-0805-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Axon development plays a pivotal role in the formation of synapse, nodes of Ranvier, and myelin sheath. Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) produced by microglia may cause myelination disturbances through suppression of oligodendrocyte progenitor cell maturation in the septic neonatal rats. Here, we explored if a microglia-derived IL-1β would disturb axon development in the corpus callosum (CC) following lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration, and if so, whether it is associated with disorder of synapse formation in the cerebral cortex and node of Ranvier. METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats (1-day old) in the septic model group were intraperitoneally administrated with lipopolysaccharide (1 mg/kg) and then sacrificed for detection of IL-1β, interleukin-1 receptor (IL-1R1), neurofilament-68, neurofilament-160, and neurofilament-200, proteolipid, synaptophysin, and postsynaptic density 95 (PSD95) expression by western blotting and immunofluorescence. Electron microscopy was conducted to observe alterations of axonal myelin sheath and synapses in the cortex, and proteolipid expression was assessed using in situ hybridization. The effect of IL-1β on neurofilament and synaptophysin expression in primary neuron cultures was determined by western blotting and immunofluorescence. P38-MAPK signaling pathway was investigated to determine whether it was involved in the inhibition of IL-1β on neurofilament and synaptophysin expression. RESULTS In 1-day old septic rats, IL-1β expression was increased in microglia coupled with upregulated expression of IL-1R1 on the axons. The expression of neurofilament-68, neurofilament-160, and neurofilament-200 (NFL, NFM, NFH) and proteolipid (PLP) was markedly reduced in the CC at 7, 14, and 28 days after LPS administration. Simultaneously, cortical synapses and mature oligodendrocytes were significantly reduced. By electron microscopy, some axons showed smaller diameter and thinner myelin sheath with damaged ultrastructure of node of Ranvier compared with the control rats. In the cerebral cortex of LPS-injected rats, some axo-dendritic synapses appeared abnormal looking as manifested by the presence of swollen and clumping of synaptic vesicles near the presynaptic membrane. In primary cultured neurons incubated with IL-1β, expression of NFL, NFM, and synaptophysin was significantly downregulated. Furthermore, p38-MAPK signaling pathway was implicated in disorder of axon development and synaptic deficit caused by IL-1β treatment. CONCLUSIONS The present results suggest that microglia-derived IL-1β might suppress axon development through activation of p38-MAPK signaling pathway that would contribute to formation disorder of cortical synapses and node of Ranvier following LPS exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianpeng Han
- Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 People’s Republic of China
- Department of Critical Care and Emergency, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080 People’s Republic of China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Yueyang First People’s Hospital, Yueyang, 414000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiongyu Lin
- Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 People’s Republic of China
- Department of Critical Care and Emergency, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080 People’s Republic of China
| | - Peixian Huang
- Department of Critical Care and Emergency, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080 People’s Republic of China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515063 People’s Republic of China
| | - Mengmeng Chen
- Department of Critical Care and Emergency, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080 People’s Republic of China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515063 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Hu
- Department of Anatomy, Basic medical school of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071 People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Fu
- Department of Anatomy, Basic medical school of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071 People’s Republic of China
| | - Shaoru He
- Department of Neonatology, Guangzhou General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080 People’s Republic of China
| | - Fengcai Shen
- Department of Critical Care and Emergency, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080 People’s Republic of China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515063 People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongke Zeng
- Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 People’s Republic of China
- Department of Critical Care and Emergency, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yiyu Deng
- Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 People’s Republic of China
- Department of Critical Care and Emergency, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080 People’s Republic of China
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Nitric oxide and cytokine production by glial cells exposed in vitro to neuropathogenic schistosome Trichobilharzia regenti. Parasit Vectors 2016; 9:579. [PMID: 27842570 PMCID: PMC5109812 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-016-1869-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Helminth neuroinfections represent a serious health problem, but host immune mechanisms in the nervous tissue often remain undiscovered. This study aims at in vitro characterization of the response of murine astrocytes and microglia exposed to Trichobilharzia regenti which is a neuropathogenic schistosome migrating through the central nervous system of vertebrate hosts. Trichobilharzia regenti infects birds and mammals in which it may cause severe neuromotor impairment. This study was focused on astrocytes and microglia as these are immunocompetent cells of the nervous tissue and their activation was recently observed in T. regenti-infected mice. Results Primary astrocytes and microglia were exposed to several stimulants of T. regenti origin. Living schistosomulum-like stages caused increased secretion of IL-6 in astrocyte cultures, but no changes in nitric oxide (NO) production were noticed. Nevertheless, elevated parasite mortality was observed in these cultures. Soluble fraction of the homogenate from schistosomulum-like stages stimulated NO production by both astrocytes and microglia, and IL-6 and TNF-α secretion in astrocyte cultures. Similarly, recombinant cathepsins B1.1 and B2 triggered IL-6 and TNF-α release in astrocyte and microglia cultures, and NO production in astrocyte cultures. Stimulants had no effect on production of anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 or TGF-β1. Conclusions Both astrocytes and microglia are capable of production of NO and proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α following in vitro exposure to various stimulants of T. regenti origin. Astrocytes might be involved in triggering the tissue inflammation in the early phase of T. regenti infection and are proposed to participate in destruction of migrating schistosomula. However, NO is not the major factor responsible for parasite damage. Both astrocytes and microglia can be responsible for the nervous tissue pathology and maintaining the ongoing inflammation since they are a source of NO and proinflammatory cytokines which are released after exposure to parasite antigens. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-016-1869-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Chew LJ, DeBoy CA. Pharmacological approaches to intervention in hypomyelinating and demyelinating white matter pathology. Neuropharmacology 2016; 110:605-625. [PMID: 26116759 PMCID: PMC4690794 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
White matter disease afflicts both developing and mature central nervous systems. Both cell intrinsic and extrinsic dysregulation result in profound changes in cell survival, axonal metabolism and functional performance. Experimental models of developmental white matter (WM) injury and demyelination have not only delineated mechanisms of signaling and inflammation, but have also paved the way for the discovery of pharmacological approaches to intervention. These reagents have been shown to enhance protection of the mature oligodendrocyte cell, accelerate progenitor cell recruitment and/or differentiation, or attenuate pathological stimuli arising from the inflammatory response to injury. Here we highlight reports of studies in the CNS in which compounds, namely peptides, hormones, and small molecule agonists/antagonists, have been used in experimental animal models of demyelination and neonatal brain injury that affect aspects of excitotoxicity, oligodendrocyte development and survival, and progenitor cell function, and which have been demonstrated to attenuate damage and improve WM protection in experimental models of injury. The molecular targets of these agents include growth factor and neurotransmitter receptors, morphogens and their signaling components, nuclear receptors, as well as the processes of iron transport and actin binding. By surveying the current evidence in non-immune targets of both the immature and mature WM, we aim to better understand pharmacological approaches modulating endogenous oligodendroglia that show potential for success in the contexts of developmental and adult WM pathology. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled 'Oligodendrocytes in Health and Disease'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jin Chew
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.
| | - Cynthia A DeBoy
- Biology Department, Trinity Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
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Maduna T, Lelievre V. Neuropeptides shaping the central nervous system development: Spatiotemporal actions of VIP and PACAP through complementary signaling pathways. J Neurosci Res 2016; 94:1472-1487. [PMID: 27717098 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) are neuropeptides with wide, complementary, and overlapping distributions in the central and peripheral nervous systems, where they exert important regulatory roles in many physiological processes. VIP and PACAP display a large range of biological cellular targets and functions in the adult nervous system including regulation of neurotransmission and neuroendocrine secretion and neuroprotective and neuroimmune responses. As the main focus of the present review, VIP and PACAP also have been long implicated in nervous system development and maturation through their interaction with the seven transmembrane domain G protein-coupled receptors, PAC1, VPAC1, and VPAC2, initiating multiple signaling pathways. Compared with PAC1, which solely binds PACAP with very high affinity, VPACs exhibit high affinities for both VIP and PACAP but differ from each other because of their pharmacological profile for both natural accessory peptides and synthetic or chimeric molecules, with agonistic and antagonistic properties. Complementary to initial pharmacological studies, transgenic animals lacking these neuropeptides or their receptors have been used to further characterize the neuroanatomical, electrophysiological, and behavioral roles of PACAP and VIP in the developing central nervous system. In this review, we recapitulate the critical steps and processes guiding/driving neurodevelopment in vertebrates and superimposing the potential contribution of PACAP and VIP receptors on the given timeline. We also describe how alterations in VIP/PACAP signaling may contribute to both (neuro)developmental and adult pathologies and suggest that tuning of VIP/PACAP signaling in a spatiotemporal manner may represent a novel avenue for preventive therapies of neurological and psychiatric disorders. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tando Maduna
- Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UPR3212, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Vincent Lelievre
- Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UPR3212, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
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Kitaoka Y, Tanito M, Kojima K, Sase K, Kaidzu S, Munemasa Y, Takagi H, Ohira A, Yodoi J. Axonal protection by thioredoxin-1 with inhibition of interleukin-1β in TNF-induced optic nerve degeneration. Exp Eye Res 2016; 152:71-76. [PMID: 27664905 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2016.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Revised: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-1β, a proinflammatory cytokine, is a key mediator in several acute and chronic neurological diseases. Thioredoxin-1 (TRX1) acts as an antioxidant and plays a protective role in certain neurons. We examined whether exogenous TRX1 exerts axonal protection and affects IL-1β levels in tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-induced optic nerve degeneration in rats. Immunoblot analysis showed that IL-1β was upregulated in the optic nerve after intravitreal injection of TNF. Treatment with recombinant human (rh) TRX1 exerted substantial protective effects against TNF-induced axonal loss. The increase in the IL-1β level in the optic nerve was abolished by rhTRX1. Treatment with rhTRX1 also significantly inhibited increased glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) levels induced by TNF. Immunohistochemical analysis showed substantial colocalization of IL-1β and GFAP in the optic nerve after TNF injection. These results suggest that IL-1β is upregulated in astrocytes in the optic nerve after TNF injection and that exogenous rhTRX1 exerts axonal protection with an inhibitory effect on IL-1β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Kitaoka
- Department of Ophthalmology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan; Department of Molecular Neuroscience, St. Marianna University Graduate School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Masaki Tanito
- Division of Ophthalmology, Matsue Red Cross Hospital, Matsue, Shimane, Japan; Department of Ophthalmology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Shimane, Japan
| | - Kaori Kojima
- Department of Ophthalmology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kana Sase
- Department of Ophthalmology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Sachiko Kaidzu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Shimane, Japan
| | - Yasunari Munemasa
- Department of Ophthalmology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Takagi
- Department of Ophthalmology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Akihiro Ohira
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Shimane, Japan
| | - Junji Yodoi
- Department of Biological Responses, Laboratory of Infection and Prevention, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
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Azeez IA, Olopade F, Laperchia C, Andrioli A, Scambi I, Onwuka SK, Bentivoglio M, Olopade JO. Regional Myelin and Axon Damage and Neuroinflammation in the Adult Mouse Brain After Long-Term Postnatal Vanadium Exposure. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2016; 75:843-54. [PMID: 27390101 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlw058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental exposure to vanadium occurs in areas of persistent burning of fossil fuels; this metal is known to induce oxidative stress and oligodendrocyte damage. Here, we determined whether vanadium exposure (3 mg/kg) in mice during the first 3 postnatal months leads to a sustained neuroinflammatory response. Body weight monitoring, and muscle strength and open field tests showed reduction of body weight gain and locomotor impairment in vanadium-exposed mice. Myelin histochemistry and immunohistochemistry for astrocytes, microglia, and nonphosphorylated neurofilaments revealed striking regional heterogeneity. Myelin damage involved the midline corpus callosum and fibers in cortical gray matter, hippocampus, and diencephalon that were associated with axonal damage. Astrocyte and microglial activation was identified in the same regions and in the internal capsule; however, no overt myelin and axon damage was observed in the latter. Double immunofluorescence revealed induction of high tumor necrosis factor (TNF) immunoreactivity in reactive astrocytes. Western blotting analysis showed significant induction of TNF and interleukin-1β expression. Together these findings show that chronic postnatal vanadium exposure leads to functional deficit and region-dependent myelin damage that does not spare axons. This injury is associated with glial cell activation and proinflammatory cytokine induction, which may reflect both neurotoxic and neuroprotective responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idris A Azeez
- From the Department of Veterinary Anatomy, University of Ibadan, Nigeria (IAA, SKO, JOO); Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Italy (IAA, CL, AA, IS, MB); Department of Anatomy, University of Ibadan, Nigeria (FO)
| | - Funmilayo Olopade
- From the Department of Veterinary Anatomy, University of Ibadan, Nigeria (IAA, SKO, JOO); Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Italy (IAA, CL, AA, IS, MB); Department of Anatomy, University of Ibadan, Nigeria (FO)
| | - Claudia Laperchia
- From the Department of Veterinary Anatomy, University of Ibadan, Nigeria (IAA, SKO, JOO); Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Italy (IAA, CL, AA, IS, MB); Department of Anatomy, University of Ibadan, Nigeria (FO)
| | - Anna Andrioli
- From the Department of Veterinary Anatomy, University of Ibadan, Nigeria (IAA, SKO, JOO); Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Italy (IAA, CL, AA, IS, MB); Department of Anatomy, University of Ibadan, Nigeria (FO)
| | - Ilaria Scambi
- From the Department of Veterinary Anatomy, University of Ibadan, Nigeria (IAA, SKO, JOO); Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Italy (IAA, CL, AA, IS, MB); Department of Anatomy, University of Ibadan, Nigeria (FO)
| | - Silas K Onwuka
- From the Department of Veterinary Anatomy, University of Ibadan, Nigeria (IAA, SKO, JOO); Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Italy (IAA, CL, AA, IS, MB); Department of Anatomy, University of Ibadan, Nigeria (FO)
| | - Marina Bentivoglio
- From the Department of Veterinary Anatomy, University of Ibadan, Nigeria (IAA, SKO, JOO); Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Italy (IAA, CL, AA, IS, MB); Department of Anatomy, University of Ibadan, Nigeria (FO)
| | - James O Olopade
- From the Department of Veterinary Anatomy, University of Ibadan, Nigeria (IAA, SKO, JOO); Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Italy (IAA, CL, AA, IS, MB); Department of Anatomy, University of Ibadan, Nigeria (FO).
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Li J, Zhang L, Chu Y, Namaka M, Deng B, Kong J, Bi X. Astrocytes in Oligodendrocyte Lineage Development and White Matter Pathology. Front Cell Neurosci 2016; 10:119. [PMID: 27242432 PMCID: PMC4861901 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2016.00119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
White matter is primarily composed of myelin and myelinated axons. Structural and functional completeness of myelin is critical for the reliable and efficient transmission of information. White matter injury has been associated with the development of many demyelinating diseases. Despite a variety of scientific advances aimed at promoting re-myelination, their benefit has proven at best to be marginal. Research suggests that the failure of the re-myelination process may be the result of an unfavorable microenvironment. Astrocytes, are the most ample and diverse type of glial cells in central nervous system (CNS) which display multiple functions for the cells of the oligodendrocytes lineage. As such, much attention has recently been drawn to astrocyte function in terms of white matter myelin repair. They are different in white matter from those in gray matter in specific regards to development, morphology, location, protein expression and other supportive functions. During the process of demyelination and re-myelination, the functions of astrocytes are dynamic in that they are able to change functions in accordance to different time points, triggers or reactive pathways resulting in vastly different biologic effects. They have pivotal effects on oligodendrocytes and other cell types in the oligodendrocyte lineage by serving as an energy supplier, a participant of immunological and inflammatory functions, a source of trophic factors and iron and a sustainer of homeostasis. Astrocytic impairment has been shown to be directly linked to the development of neuromyelities optica (NMO). In addition, astroctyes have also been implicated in other white matter conditions such as psychiatric disorders and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), multiple sclerosis (MS) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Inhibiting specifically detrimental signaling pathways in astrocytes while preserving their beneficial functions may be a promising approach for remyelination strategies. As such, the ability to manipulate astrocyte function represents a novel therapeutic approach that can repair the damaged myelin that is known to occur in a variety of white matter-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiasi Li
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shanghai Changhai Hospital Shanghai, China
| | - Yongxin Chu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College Huai'an, China
| | - Michael Namaka
- Faculty of Health Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Medicine, University of Manitoba Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Benqiang Deng
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital Shanghai, China
| | - Jiming Kong
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Xiaoying Bi
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital Shanghai, China
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Xiao J, Huang Y, Li X, Li L, Yang T, Huang L, Yang L, Jiang H, Li H, Li F. TNP-ATP is Beneficial for Treatment of Neonatal Hypoxia-Induced Hypomyelination and Cognitive Decline. Neurosci Bull 2016; 32:99-107. [PMID: 26769489 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-015-0003-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous study together with other investigations have reported that neonatal hypoxia or ischemia induces long-term cognitive impairment, at least in part through brain inflammation and hypomyelination. However, the detailed mechanisms are not fully understood. Here, we used a rodent model of neonatal hypoxia by subjecting postnatal day 0 (P0) rat pups to systemic hypoxia (3.5 h). We found that neonatal hypoxia increased the glutamate content and initiated inflammatory responses at 4 h and 1 day after hypoxia, caused hypomyelination in the corpus callosum, and impaired hippocampus-dependent learning and memory when assessed 30-60 days after hypoxia. Interestingly, much of the hypoxia-induced brain damage was ameliorated by treatment with the ATP analogue 2',3'-0-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)-adenosine 5'-triphosphate (TNP-ATP; blocks all ionotropic P2X1-7 receptors), whereas treatment with pyridoxalphosphate-6-azophenyl-2',4'-disulphonic acid (PPADS; inhibits P2X1-3 and P2X5-7 receptors) was less neuroprotective. Our data indicated that activation of ionotropic ATP receptors might be partially, if not fully, involved in glutamate deregulation, neuroinflammation, hypomyelination, and cognitive dysfunction after neonatal hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xiao
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Yilong Huang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Longjun Li
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Ting Yang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Lixuan Huang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Ling Yang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Hongchun Li
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Fan Li
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China.
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48
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Li JM, Zhang Y, Tang L, Chen YH, Gao Q, Bao MH, Xiang J, Lei DL. Effects of triptolide on hippocampal microglial cells and astrocytes in the APP/PS1 double transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Neural Regen Res 2016; 11:1492-1498. [PMID: 27857756 PMCID: PMC5090855 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.191224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The principal pathology of Alzheimer's disease includes neuronal extracellular deposition of amyloid-beta peptides and formation of senile plaques, which in turn induce neuroinflammation in the brain. Triptolide, a natural extract from the vine-like herb Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F, has potent anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive efficacy. Therefore, we determined if triptolide can inhibit activation and proliferation of microglial cells and astrocytes in the APP/PS1 double transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. We used 1 or 5 μg/kg/d triptolide to treat APP/PS1 double transgenic mice (aged 4-4.5 months) for 45 days. Unbiased stereology analysis found that triptolide dose-dependently reduced the total number of microglial cells, and transformed microglial cells into the resting state. Further, triptolide (5 μg/kg/d) also reduced the total number of hippocampal astrocytes. Our in vivo test results indicate that triptolide suppresses activation and proliferation of microglial cells and astrocytes in the hippocampus of APP/PS1 double transgenic mice with Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Ming Li
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China; Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Central South University, School of Basic Medical Science, Changsha, Hunan Province, China; Neuroscience Research Center, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China; Department of Anatomy, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Neuroscience Research Center, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Liang Tang
- Neuroscience Research Center, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yong-Heng Chen
- Neuroscience Research Center, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Qian Gao
- Neuroscience Research Center, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Mei-Hua Bao
- Neuroscience Research Center, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Ju Xiang
- Neuroscience Research Center, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - De-Liang Lei
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Central South University, School of Basic Medical Science, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
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van Tilborg E, Heijnen CJ, Benders MJ, van Bel F, Fleiss B, Gressens P, Nijboer CH. Impaired oligodendrocyte maturation in preterm infants: Potential therapeutic targets. Prog Neurobiol 2015; 136:28-49. [PMID: 26655283 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Revised: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Preterm birth is an evolving challenge in neonatal health care. Despite declining mortality rates among extremely premature neonates, morbidity rates remain very high. Currently, perinatal diffuse white matter injury (WMI) is the most commonly observed type of brain injury in preterm infants and has become an important research area. Diffuse WMI is associated with impaired cognitive, sensory and psychological functioning and is increasingly being recognized as a risk factor for autism-spectrum disorders, ADHD, and other psychological disturbances. No treatment options are currently available for diffuse WMI and the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms are far from being completely understood. Preterm birth is associated with maternal inflammation, perinatal infections and disrupted oxygen supply which can affect the cerebral microenvironment by causing activation of microglia, astrogliosis, excitotoxicity, and oxidative stress. This intricate interplay of events negatively influences oligodendrocyte development, causing arrested oligodendrocyte maturation or oligodendrocyte cell death, which ultimately results in myelination failure in the developing white matter. This review discusses the current state in perinatal WMI research, ranging from a clinical perspective to basic molecular pathophysiology. The complex regulation of oligodendrocyte development in healthy and pathological conditions is described, with a specific focus on signaling cascades that may play a role in WMI. Furthermore, emerging concepts in the field of WMI and issues regarding currently available animal models are put forward. Novel insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying impeded oligodendrocyte maturation in diffuse WMI may aid the development of novel treatment options which are desperately needed to improve the quality-of-life of preterm neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik van Tilborg
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunology and Developmental Origins of Disease, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Cobi J Heijnen
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Department of Symptom Research, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Manon J Benders
- Department of Neonatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Frank van Bel
- Department of Neonatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bobbi Fleiss
- Inserm, Paris U1141, France; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMRS, Paris 1141, France; Centre for the Developing Brain, Department of Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, King's Health Partners, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pierre Gressens
- Inserm, Paris U1141, France; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMRS, Paris 1141, France; Centre for the Developing Brain, Department of Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, King's Health Partners, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Cora H Nijboer
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunology and Developmental Origins of Disease, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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50
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Labombarda F, Jure I, Gonzalez S, Lima A, Roig P, Guennoun R, Schumacher M, De Nicola AF. A functional progesterone receptor is required for immunomodulation, reduction of reactive gliosis and survival of oligodendrocyte precursors in the injured spinal cord. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2015; 154:274-84. [PMID: 26369614 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2015.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The anti-inflammatory effects of progesterone have been increasingly recognized in several neuropathological models, including spinal cord inflammation. In the present investigation, we explored the regulation of proinflammatory factors and enzymes by progesterone at several time points after spinal cord injury (SCI) in male rats. We also demonstrated the role of the progesterone receptor (PR) in inhibiting inflammation and reactive gliosis, and in enhancing the survival of oligodendrocyte progenitors cells (OPC) in injured PR knockout (PRKO) mice receiving progesterone. First, after SCI in rats, progesterone greatly attenuated the injury-induced hyperexpression of the mRNAs of interleukin 1β (IL1β), IL6, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), all involved in oligodendrocyte damage. Second, the role of the PR was investigated in PRKO mice after SCI, in which progesterone failed to reduce the high expression of IL1β, IL6, TNFα and IκB-α mRNAs, the latter being considered an index of reduced NF-κB transactivation. These effects occurred in a time framework coincident with a reduction in the astrocyte and microglial responses. In contrast to wild-type mice, progesterone did not increase the density of OPC and did not prevent apoptotic death of these cells in PRKO mice. Our results support a role of PR in: (a) the anti-inflammatory effects of progesterone; (b) the modulation of astrocyte and microglial responses and (c) the prevention of OPC apoptosis, a mechanism that would enhance the commitment of progenitors to the remyelination pathway in the injured spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florencia Labombarda
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrine Biochemistry, Instituto de Biologia y Medicina Experimental, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dept. of Human Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ignacio Jure
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrine Biochemistry, Instituto de Biologia y Medicina Experimental, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Susana Gonzalez
- Dept. of Human Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Laboratory of Nociception and Neuropathic Pain, Instituto de Biologia y Medicina Experimental, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Analia Lima
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrine Biochemistry, Instituto de Biologia y Medicina Experimental, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paulina Roig
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrine Biochemistry, Instituto de Biologia y Medicina Experimental, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rachida Guennoun
- U1195 Inserm and Université Paris-Sud, 94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | | | - Alejandro F De Nicola
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrine Biochemistry, Instituto de Biologia y Medicina Experimental, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dept. of Human Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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