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Ren Y, Guo F, Wang L. Imaging Findings and Toxicological Mechanisms of Nervous System Injury Caused by Diquat. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04172-x. [PMID: 38619744 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04172-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Diquat (DQ) is a nonselective bipyridine herbicide with a structure resembling paraquat (PQ). In recent years, the utilization of DQ as a substitute for PQ has grown, leading to an increase in DQ poisoning cases. While the toxicity mechanism of DQ remains unclear, it is primarily attributed to the intracellular generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) through the process of reduction oxidation. This results in oxidative stress, leading to a cascade of clinical symptoms. Notably, recent reports on DQ poisoning have highlighted a concerning trend: an upsurge in cases involving neurological damage caused by DQ poisoning. These patients often present with severe illness and a high mortality rate, with no effective treatment available thus far. Imaging findings from these cases have shown that neurological damage tends to concentrate on the brainstem. However, the specific mechanisms behind this poisoning remain unclear, and no specific antidote exists. This review summarizes the research progress on DQ poisoning and explores potential mechanisms. By shedding light on the nerve damage associated with DQ poisoning, we hope to raise awareness, propose new avenues for investigating the mechanisms of DQ poisoning, and lay the groundwork for the development of treatment strategies for DQ poisoning. Trial registration number: 2024PS174K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanguang Ren
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Tiexi District, No. 39 Huaxiang Road, Shenyang, 110000, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Guo
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Tiexi District, No. 39 Huaxiang Road, Shenyang, 110000, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Tiexi District, No. 39 Huaxiang Road, Shenyang, 110000, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Zha A, Yan J, Li J, Wang J, Qi M, Liao P, Chun G, Yin Y. Melatonin increased antioxidant capacity to ameliorate growth retardation and intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction in diquat-challenged piglets. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024; 104:2262-2271. [PMID: 37947497 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diquat is a common environmental pollutant, which can cause oxidative stress in humans and animals. Diquat exposure causes growth retardation and intestinal damage. Therefore, this study was performed to investigate the effects of melatonin on diquat-challenged piglets. RESULTS Dietary supplementation with 2 mg kg-1 melatonin significantly increased the average daily gain and feed conversion rate in piglets. Melatonin increased antioxidant capacity, and improved intestinal epithelial barrier function of duodenum and jejunum in piglets. Moreover, melatonin was found to regulated the expression of immune and antioxidant-related genes. Melatonin also alleviated diquat-induced growth retardation and anorexia in diquat-challenged piglets. It also increased antioxidant capacity, and ameliorated diquat-induced intestinal epithelial barrier injury. Melatonin also regulated the expression of MnSOD and immuner-elated genes in intestinal. CONCLUSION Dietary supplementation with 2 mg kg-1 melatonin increased antioxidant capacity to ameliorate diquat-induced oxidative stress, alleviate intestinal epithelial barrier injury, and increase growth performance in weaned piglets. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andong Zha
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiameng Yan
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Junyao Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Ming Qi
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Peng Liao
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Guo Chun
- Center for Medical Research and Innovation, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
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3
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Hong C, Huang Y, Cao S, Wang L, Yang X, Hu S, Gao K, Jiang Z, Xiao H. Accurate models and nutritional strategies for specific oxidative stress factors: Does the dose matter in swine production? J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2024; 15:11. [PMID: 38273345 PMCID: PMC10811888 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-023-00964-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been associated with a number of physiological problems in swine, including reduced production efficiency. Recently, although there has been increased research into regulatory mechanisms and antioxidant strategies in relation to oxidative stress-induced pig production, it remains so far largely unsuccessful to develop accurate models and nutritional strategies for specific oxidative stress factors. Here, we discuss the dose and dose intensity of the causes of oxidative stress involving physiological, environmental and dietary factors, recent research models and the antioxidant strategies to provide theoretical guidance for future oxidative stress research in swine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changming Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yujian Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuting Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuefen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shenglan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kaiguo Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zongyong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Xiao
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1 Dafeng 1st Street, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
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Vörösházi J, Mackei M, Sebők C, Tráj P, Márton RA, Horváth DG, Huber K, Neogrády Z, Mátis G. Investigation of the effects of T-2 toxin in chicken-derived three-dimensional hepatic cell cultures. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1195. [PMID: 38216675 PMCID: PMC10786837 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51689-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite being one of the most common contaminants of poultry feed, the molecular effects of T-2 toxin on the liver of the exposed animals are still not fully elucidated. To gain more accurate understanding, the effects of T-2 toxin were investigated in the present study in chicken-derived three-dimensional (3D) primary hepatic cell cultures. 3D spheroids were treated with three concentrations (100, 500, 1000 nM) of T-2 toxin for 24 h. Cellular metabolic activity declined in all treated groups as reflected by the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, while extracellular lactate dehydrogenase activity was increased after 500 nM T-2 toxin exposure. The levels of oxidative stress markers malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl were reduced by the toxin, suggesting effective antioxidant compensatory mechanisms of the liver. Concerning the pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-6 concentration was decreased, while IL-8 concentration was increased by 100 nM T-2 toxin exposure, indicating the multifaceted immunomodulatory action of the toxin. Further, the metabolic profile of hepatic spheroids was also modulated, confirming the altered lipid and amino acid metabolism of toxin-exposed liver cells. Based on these results, T-2 toxin affected cell viability, hepatocellular metabolism and inflammatory response, likely carried out its toxic effects by affecting the oxidative homeostasis of the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Júlia Vörösházi
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, 1078, Hungary.
| | - Máté Mackei
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, 1078, Hungary
- National Laboratory of Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health and Food Chain Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, 1078, Hungary
| | - Csilla Sebők
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, 1078, Hungary
| | - Patrik Tráj
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, 1078, Hungary
| | - Rege Anna Márton
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, 1078, Hungary
- National Laboratory of Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health and Food Chain Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, 1078, Hungary
| | - Dávid Géza Horváth
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, 1078, Hungary
| | - Korinna Huber
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Zsuzsanna Neogrády
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, 1078, Hungary
| | - Gábor Mátis
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, 1078, Hungary
- National Laboratory of Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health and Food Chain Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, 1078, Hungary
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5
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Long L, Zhao X, Chen J, Wang Z, Tang Y, Huang J, Yin Y. Piglet growth performance improved by dietary supplementation of porous or nano particles of zinc oxide may be related to the gut microbiota. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2023; 15:159-172. [PMID: 38023375 PMCID: PMC10679868 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2023.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies on porous or nano particles zinc oxide (ZnO) in the piglets have mainly focused on growth performance and intestinal inflammation, but have scarcely explored the efficacy on gut microbiota. In addition, the efficacy of nano particles ZnO, which is related to its product quality, remains undefined. This study aimed to determine the efficacy of dietary 500 mg/kg porous or nano particles ZnO on the growth performance and gut microbiota of the weaned piglets. A total of 128 weaned piglets were randomly assigned to the dietary groups: NC (basal diet), PC (basal diet + 3,000 mg/kg conventional ZnO), 500HiZ (basal diet + 500 mg/kg porous particles ZnO), and 500ZNP (basal diet + 500 mg/kg nano particles ZnO). Compared with the NC diet group, both 500HiZ and 500ZNP increased (P < 0.05) average daily feed intake (1 to 28 d) and average daily gain (1 to 28 d), and the 500ZNP tended to decrease feed to gain ratio (F:G ratio, 1 to 28 d) (P = 0.09). Both 500HiZ and 500ZNP decreased crypt depth of the ileum and increased claudin-2 in the duodenum and zonula occludens-1 in the ileum (P < 0.05). Moreover, both 500HiZ and 500ZNP decreased IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the jejunum and decreased TNF-α and IL-6 in the ileum (P < 0.05). Both 500HiZ and 500ZNP increased microbial β-diversity index in the ileum and microbial α-diversity indices in the colon of piglets (P < 0.05). The probiotic genera Coprococcus (500ZNP) and Blautia (500HiZ) were positively correlated with the F:G ratio (1 to 28 d) in colon of piglets (P < 0.05). In addition, 500HiZ promoted mitochondrial fusion protein 1 (MFN1) and zinc transporter-1 (ZnT-1) in the jejunum (P < 0.05), whilst 500ZNP decreased MFN1 in the jejunum and ZnT-1 in the ileum (P < 0.05). In summary, both 500HiZ and 500ZNP improved the growth performance of piglets, which is likely via the genera Blautia and Coprococcus, respectively. Both 500HiZ and 500ZNP improved barrier function and inflammation of the intestine, and 500HiZ achieved better efficacy than 500ZNP on intestine mitochondrial functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Long
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528231, China
| | - Xichen Zhao
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Foshan Guangmuxing Feed Co., Ltd, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Zixi Wang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528231, China
| | - Yanfang Tang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528231, China
| | - Jian Huang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528231, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Sciences, South Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
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6
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Correia AM, Genova JL, Saraiva A, Rocha GC. Effects of crude protein and non-essential amino acids on growth performance, blood profile, and intestinal health of weaned piglets. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1243357. [PMID: 38098993 PMCID: PMC10720428 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1243357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of crude protein (CP) and non-essential amino acid (NEAA) supplementation on the growth performance, blood profile, intestinal morphology, mRNA relative abundance of inflammatory and antioxidant markers, and tight junction proteins in piglets over the first 2 weeks after weaning. Ninety 21-day-old piglets (7.55 ± 0.72 kg) were assigned in a randomized block design to one of three dietary treatments: (1) high CP, a diet with 24% CP; (2) low CP, a diet with 18% CP; and (3) low CP + NEAA, a diet with 18% CP supplemented with 5 g/kg Arg (L-arginine; purity >99%) and 10 g/kg Glu + Gln (minimum 10% L-glutamine and minimum 10% L-glutamate). Piglets were fed with corn-soybean meal basal diets in a 14-day trial. There was an improvement (p < 0.05) in the feed conversion ratio of piglets fed the high-CP diet compared to treatments with low CP or low CP + NEAA. Serum urea nitrogen was higher (p < 0.05) in piglets fed high CP compared to other dietary treatments. In the duodenum, the villus height of animals fed the low-CP + NEAA diets was greater (p < 0.05) than those fed with the high- and low-CP diets. The goblet cell proportion of piglets fed low CP + NEAA or high CP was higher (p < 0.05) compared to low CP. In the jejunum, the crypt depth of the piglets with the high-CP dietary treatment was greater (p < 0.05) in comparison with low CP + NEAA. In the jejunum, IFN-γ mRNA expression was higher (p < 0.05) in animals fed the high-CP diets compared to other dietary treatments. However, superoxide dismutase and occludin mRNA expression were higher (p < 0.05) in animals fed low CP + NEAA than in piglets on the high-CP diets. In the ileum, the number of Peyer's patches in piglets fed high CP was higher (p < 0.05) compared to other dietary treatments. In conclusion, the high-CP diet (24% CP) improves the feed conversion of piglets in the first 2 weeks after weaning compared to the low-CP diet (18% CP) supplemented or not with NEAA. However, the low-CP diet supplemented with NEAA (Arg, Gln, and Glu) improves intestinal health in piglets by promoting greater villus height and proportion of goblet cells in the duodenum, reducing jejunal crypt depth, and reducing Peyer's number patches in the ileum. In addition, piglets that received the low-CP + NEAA diet showed an increase in superoxide dismutase and occludin and a lower expression of IFN-γ mRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Gabriel Cipriano Rocha
- Muscle Biology and Nutrigenomics Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
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7
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Deng Y, Cheng H, Li J, Han H, Qi M, Wang N, Tan B, Li J, Wang J. Effects of glutamine, glutamate, and aspartate on intestinal barrier integrity and amino acid pool of the small intestine in piglets with normal or low energy diet. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1202369. [PMID: 37576837 PMCID: PMC10414990 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1202369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Aspartate (asp), glutamate (glu), and glutamine (gln) are the major energy fuels for the small intestine, and it had been indicated in our previous study that the mix of these three amino acid supplementations could maintain intestinal energy homeostasis. This study aimed to further investigate whether the treatment of gln, glu, and asp in low energy diet affects the intestinal barrier integrity and amino acid pool in weaning piglets. A total of 198 weaned piglets were assigned to 3 treatments: control (basal diet + 1.59% L-Ala); T1 (basal diet + 1% L-Gln + 0.5% L-Glu + 0.1% L-Asp); and T2 (low energy diet + 1% L-Gln + 0.5% L-Glu + 0.1% L-Asp). The blood, jejunum, and ileum were obtained on day 5 or on day 21 post-weaning, respectively. Our results showed that T1 and T2 treatments increased the abundances of occludin, claudin-1, and claudin-3 in the small intestine while decreasing the serum diamine oxidase (DAO) and D-lactate levels in weaning piglets. Meanwhile, T1 and T2 treatments significantly increased the positive rate of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) of the small intestine, promoting intestinal cell proliferation. We also found that supplementation with glu, gln, and asp improved the serum amino acid pool and promoted ileal amino acid transporter gene expression of slc3a2, slc6a14, and slc7a11 in weaned piglets. Additionally, on day 21 post-weaning, T1 and T2 treatments stimulated the phosphorylation of the mTOR-S6K1-4EBP1 signaling pathway in the small intestine, which may implicate the enhanced protein synthesis rate. In summary, dietary supplementation of gln, glu, and asp was beneficial to the intestinal barrier function and amino acid pool regulation, while the benefits of gln, glu, and asp treatment might be diminished by the low-energy diet. The results demonstrated that the supplementation of gln, glu, and asp under low energy levels was preferentially supplied as the energy fuel to restore the gut barrier function in piglets on day 5 post-weaning. With the increase in age and intestinal maturation (on day 21 post-weaning), gln, glu, and asp supplementation could also show an effect on the regulation of the amino acid pool and protein synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuankun Deng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hao Cheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Junyao Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hui Han
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ming Qi
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Nan Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bi'e Tan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jianjun Li
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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8
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Luise D, Chalvon-Demersay T, Correa F, Bosi P, Trevisi P. Review: A systematic review of the effects of functional amino acids on small intestine barrier function and immunity in piglets. Animal 2023; 17 Suppl 2:100771. [PMID: 37003917 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2023.100771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The need to reduce the use of antibiotics and zinc oxide at the pharmacological level, while preserving the performance of postweaning piglets, involves finding adequate nutritional strategies which, coupled with other preventive strategies, act to improve the sustainability of the piglet-rearing system. Amino acids (AAs) are the building blocks of proteins; however, they also have many other functions within the body. AA supplementation, above the suggested nutritional requirement for piglets, has been investigated in the diets of postweaning piglets to limit the detrimental consequences occurring during this stressful period. A systematic review was carried out to summarise the effects of AAs on gut barrier function and immunity, two of the parameters contributing to gut health. An initial manual literature search was completed using an organised search strategy on PubMed, utilising the search term " AND ". These searches yielded 302 articles (published before October 2021); 59 were selected. Based on the method for extracting data (synthesis of evidence), this review showed that L-Arginine, L-Glutamine and L-Glutamate are important functional AAs playing major roles in gut morphology and immune functions. Additional benefits of AA supplementation, refereed to a supplementation above the suggested nutritional requirement for piglets, could also be observed; however, data are needed to provide consistent evidence. Taken together, this review showed that supplementation with AAs during the weaning phase supported a plethora of the physiological functions of piglets. In addition, the data reported confirmed that each amino acid targets different parameters related to gut health, suggesting the existence of potential synergies among them.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Luise
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy.
| | | | - F Correa
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - P Bosi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - P Trevisi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
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9
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Liang C, Ren Y, Tian G, He J, Zheng P, Mao X, Yu J, Yu B. Dietary glutathione supplementation attenuates oxidative stress and improves intestinal barrier in diquat-treated weaned piglets. Arch Anim Nutr 2023:1-14. [PMID: 37133420 DOI: 10.1080/1745039x.2023.2199806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of glutathione (GSH) against oxidative stress and intestinal barrier disruption caused by diquat (an oxidative stress inducer) in weaned piglets. Twenty-four piglets were randomly assigned to four treatments with six pigs per treatment for an 18-d trial. Treatments were basal diet, basal diet + diquat challenge, 50 mg/kg GSH diets + diquat challenge and 100 mg/kg GSH diets + diquat challenge. On day 15, piglets in basal diet group and diquat-challenged groups were intraperitoneally injected with sterile saline and diquat at 10 mg/kg body weight, respectively. The results showed that GSH supplementation improved growth performance of diquat-injected piglets from days 15 to 18 (p < 0.05), especially at a dose of 100 mg/kg GSH. Meanwhile, diquat also caused oxidative stress and intestinal barrier damage in piglets. However, GSH supplementation enhanced the antioxidant capacity of serum and jejunum, as evidenced by the increase in GSH content and total superoxide dismutase activities and the decrease in 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine concentrations (p < 0.05). GSH also up-regulated the mRNA expressions of intestinal tight junction protein (zonula occludens 1, ZO1; occludin, OCLN; claudin-1, CLDN1) and mitochondrial biogenesis and function (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1 alpha, PGC1α; mitochondrial transcription factor A, TFAM; cytochrome c, CYCS), compared with diquat-challenged piglets in basal diet (p < 0.05). Thus, the study demonstrates that GSH protects piglets from oxidative stress caused by diquat and 100 mg/kg GSH has a better protective role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Liang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanlin Ren
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Gang Tian
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun He
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiangbing Mao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jie Yu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bing Yu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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Wang L, Wang C, Peng Y, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Liu Y, Yin Y. Research progress on anti-stress nutrition strategies in swine. ANIMAL NUTRITION 2023; 13:342-360. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2023.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
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11
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Zhang S, Zhang Y, Mo W, Yang M, Huang W, Gao H, Lv Y, Wang Z, Wang W, Huang Y, Peng J. Metabolomics analysis of the effects of different litter size on reproductive metabolism and oxidative stress in breeding pigeon (Columba livia). Heliyon 2023; 9:e14491. [PMID: 37020945 PMCID: PMC10068127 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The pigeon breeding industry employs a high-rearing pattern to achieve economic benefits. However, too many squabs consume more energy of the breeding pigeons causing adverse effects on their breeding performance. To determine the optimal rearing patterns and the effects of different numbers of squabs on reproductive performance, oxidative stress, and glucolipid metabolism of lactating breeding pigeons in winter, three rearing patterns consisting of "2 + 2″, "2 + 3″ and "2 + 4" (a pair of breeding pigeons feeding two, three and four squabs, respectively) were adopted using European Mimas white pigeons breed. The feed intake, bodyweight loss, feed-to-meat ratio, and squab mortality were linearly increased with the number of squabs during lactation, while the bodyweight recovery rate and squab growth performance were significantly slowed down after lactation. Similarly, the laying rate was linearly decreased on days 16, 17, and 18 of lactation, with a similar pattern on the re-laying rate on days 11, 12, and 13 after first laying. In addition, the number of non-laying pigeons in the second batch was significantly increased, implying that the number of squabs significantly affected the reproductive performance of female pigeons. The eggshell weight and thickness in the "2 + 3″ group were significantly increased. However, the number of squabs in the "2 + 3″ group had no significant effect on plasma calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) levels. Analysis of the glucolipid metabolism index and oxidative stress level of pigeons further revealed that the contents of triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (T-CHO), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in the plasma of male pigeons were significantly decreased with the increase in the number of squabs, but there was no obvious oxidative stress. On the contrary, glucose (GLU), TG, malondialdehyde (MDA) in the plasma of female pigeons were significantly increased, total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) were significantly decreased, implying that the female pigeons suffered more oxidative stress and more dramatic changes in glucolipid metabolism. Metabolomics revealed that the differential metabolites in the plasma of female pigeons in "2 + 2″, "2 + 3″, and "2 + 4″ groups were significantly enriched in the fatty acid, phospholipid, sphingolipid metabolism, and the Krebs cycle pathways, especially under "2 + 4″ rearing pattern. Overall, in female pigeons, the available lipids were reduced; hence, their body turned to sugar dysplasia and protein utilization mode, increasing the oxidative stress level and decreasing their reproductive performance. Therefore, an increased number of squabs significantly affects the body condition and reproductive performance of breeding pigeons. The "2 + 3″ rearing pattern is the most suitable for winter breeding pigeon production under the current nutrition level.
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Wang H, Xia P, Lu Z, Su Y, Zhu W. Time-restricted feeding affects transcriptomic profiling of hypothalamus in pigs through regulating aromatic amino acids metabolism. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:1578-1587. [PMID: 36207281 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Time-restricted feeding (TRF) is an effective means that can efficiently regulate the metabolism and health of animals and humans. However, the effect of TRF on hypothalamic function remains unclear. RESULTS Results showed that TRF significantly increased the activities of digestive enzymes lipase, maltase in the duodenum and lipase, trypsin in the pancreas whereas significantly decreased serum gastrointestinal hormones gastrin, glucagon-like peptide-1, cholecystokinin, peptide YY, and ghrelin. Metabolites related to amino acid metabolism, including citrulline, kynurenine, N-acetylleucine, l-tryptophan, and l-tyrosine, significantly increased in the TRF group. Differential metabolites were mainly enriched in phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis and tryptophan metabolism. Transcriptomic analysis of hypothalamus showed that a total of 462 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were significantly changed by TRF. In particular, DEGs such as DDC, TH, GOT2, and DBH involved in aromatic amino acid metabolism pathways were significantly downregulated, whereas the expression of CYP1B1 was significantly upregulated. Moreover, DEGs (PDYN and PPP3CA) involved in amphetamine addiction and cocaine addiction were also downregulated in the TRF group. CONCLUSION Taken together, these results suggested that TRF improved the digestion and absorption of nutrients and thus increased the accessibilities of aromatic amino acids. The increasing of circulating aromatic amino acids might mediate the regulatory neuroendocrine effects of TRF regimes on the hypothalamus functions, especially on drug addictions. This study reveals a possible mechanism underlying the effects of regulating feeding patterns on the function of the hypothalamus by altering aromatic amino acids metabolism. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Wang
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Pengke Xia
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiyang Lu
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong Su
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weiyun Zhu
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Goodarzi P, Habibi M, Gorton MW, Walsh K, Tarkesh F, Fuhrig M, Pezeshki A. Dietary Isoleucine and Valine: Effects on Lipid Metabolism and Ureagenesis in Pigs Fed with Protein Restricted Diets. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13010089. [PMID: 36677013 PMCID: PMC9861042 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13010089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A mixture of valine (Val) and isoleucine (Ile) not only decreases the negative impact of very low protein (VLP) diets on the growth of pigs, but also influences the nitrogen (N) balance and lipid metabolism; however, the underlying pathways are not well understood. This study aimed to investigate the effect of dietary Val and Ile on lipogenesis, lipolysis, and ureagenesis under protein restriction. After one week of acclimation, forty three-week-old pigs were randomly assigned to following dietary treatments (n = 8/group) for 5 weeks: positive control (PC): normal protein diet; negative control (NC): VLP diet; HV: NC supplemented with Val; HI: NC supplemented with Ile; and HVI: NC supplemented with both Val and Ile. HVI partially improved the body weight and completely recovered the feed intake (FI) of pigs fed with NC. HVI increased thermal radiation and improved the glucose clearance. HVI had a lower blood triglyceride than PC and blood urea N than NC. NC and HV promoted lipogenesis by increasing the transcript of fatty acid synthase (FAS) in the liver and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) in adipose tissue but reducing hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) in the liver. HVI reduced the increased rate of lipogenesis induced by the NC group through normalizing the mRNA abundance of hepatic FAS, sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1, and HSL and LPL in adipose tissue. NC, HV, HI, and HVI reduced the ureagenesis by decreasing the protein abundance of carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I, ornithine transcarboxylase, and arginosuccinate lyase in the liver. Overall, HVI improved the growth, FI, and glucose clearance, and decreased the rate of lipogenesis induced by VLP diets.
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Zhang Z, Wang S, Zheng L, Hou Y, Guo S, Wang L, Zhu L, Deng C, Wu T, Yi D, Ding B. Tannic acid-chelated zinc supplementation alleviates intestinal injury in piglets challenged by porcine epidemic diarrhea virus. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:1033022. [PMID: 36299630 PMCID: PMC9589514 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1033022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) has become a challenging problem in pig industry all over the world, causing significant profit losses. Tannins and organic zinc have been shown to exert protective effects on the intestinal dysfunction caused by endotoxins. However, there is little information on tannic acid-chelated zinc (TAZ) supplementation in the diet of newborn piglets. This study was conducted to determine the effects of TAZ on the intestinal function of piglets infected with PEDV. Thirty-two 7-day-old piglets were randomly allocated to 1 of 4 treatments in a 2 × 2 factorial design consisting of 2 diets (0 or 50 mg/kg BW TAZ) and challenge (saline or PEDV). On day 9 of the trial, 8 pigs per treatment received either sterile saline or PEDV solution at 106 TCID50 (50% tissue culture infectious dose) per pig. Pigs infected with PEDV had greater diarrhea rate and lower average daily gain (ADG) (P < 0.05). PEDV infection decreased plasma D-xylose concentration, most antioxidative enzyme activities in plasma and intestine, as well as the small intestinal villus height (P < 0.05). Plasma diamine oxidase and blood parameters were also affected by PEDV infection. Dietary supplementation with TAZ could ameliorate the PEDV-induced changes in all measured variables (P < 0.05). Moreover, TAZ decreased the concentration of malondialdehyde in plasma, duodenum, jejunum, and colon (P < 0.05). Collectively, our results indicated that dietary TAZ could alleviate PEDV induced damage on intestinal mucosa and antioxidative capacity, and improve the absorptive function and growth in piglets. Therefore, our novel findings also suggest that TAZ, as a new feed additive for neonatal and weaning piglets, has the potential to be an alternative to ZnO.
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Ma L, Geng J, Chen W, Qin M, Wang L, Zeng Y. Effects of TLR9/NF-κB on oxidative stress and inflammation in IPEC-J2 cells. Genes Genomics 2022; 44:1149-1158. [PMID: 35900696 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-022-01271-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress is one of the most important factors affecting large-scale breeding, especially the performance of pigs. Oxidative stress plays a role by affecting various genes in pigs, which can cause serious body damage, functional degradation and reduce production performance. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Toll like receptor 9 (TLR9) pathway on IPEC-J2 cells under oxidative stress and to provide reference for the growth development of Dapulian pigs. METHODS In this study, Diquat was used as a source of oxidative stress to study the effects on Dapulian pigs by detecting relevant indicators. Then the IPEC-J2 cells were selected to verify the TLR9 signaling pathway in oxidative stress. RESULTS Compared with the control group, superoxide dismutase (SOD) in experimental group decreased significantly, malondialdehyde (MDA) was significantly increased, accompanied by inflammatory reaction, and inflammatory factors were significantly increased in the experimental group. Oxidative stress model was constructed by H2O2 incubating IPEC-J2 cells. The interference and overexpression vectors of TLR9 and myeloid differentiation primary response protein 88 (MyD88) were constructed to detect the activity of antioxidant enzymes and related proteins. The results showed that overexpression of TLR9 enhanced the activity of antioxidant enzymes, decreased the secretion of inflammatory factors, and decreased the activity of MDA,reactive oxygen species (ROS); the results were opposite after TLR9 interference. This study also showed that H2O2 can activate the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway and promote the translocation of NF-κB into the nucleus. After co-transfection with TLR9 and MyD88, the results showed that TLR9 regulated the expression of NF-κB through MyD88. CONCLUSION The study showed that TLR9 pathway had a significant positive effect on antioxidant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Ma
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City, 271018, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jinhong Geng
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City, 271018, Shandong Province, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City, 271018, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ming Qin
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Yantai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yantai City, 265599, Shandong Province, China
| | - Lixue Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City, 271018, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yongqing Zeng
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City, 271018, Shandong Province, China.
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Xu X, Wei Y, Hua H, Jing X, Zhu H, Xiao K, Zhao J, Liu Y. Polyphenols Sourced from Ilex latifolia Thunb. Relieve Intestinal Injury via Modulating Ferroptosis in Weanling Piglets under Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11050966. [PMID: 35624829 PMCID: PMC9137833 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11050966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols sourced from Ilex latifolia Thunb. (PIT) contain high levels of phenolic acids, tannic acids, triterpenoids and so on, which play important roles in antioxidant function. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of PIT against intestinal injury in piglets under oxidative stress. Thirty-two weanling piglets were arranged by a 2 × 2 factorial experiment with diets (basal diet vs. PIT diet) and oxidative stress (saline vs. diquat). All piglets were injected with saline or diquat on d 21, respectively. After 7 days, all pigs were slaughtered and intestinal samples were collected. PIT enhanced jejunal villus heights and crypt depth in the piglets under oxidative stress. PIT increased the activities of intestinal mucosal lactase, sucrase and maltase in the challenged piglets. PIT also increased the jejunal ratio of protein to DNA and ileal protein content. PIT increased the jejunal activities of GSH-PX and GSH content and reduced the ileal MDA amounts. Furthermore, PIT regulated the expression of ferroptosis mediators, such as TFR1, HSPB1, SLC7A11 and GPX4. These results indicate that dietary PIT supplementation enhances the histological structure and function of the intestinal mucosa, which is involved in modulating antioxidant capacity and ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Xu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, School of Animal Science and Nutritional Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; (X.X.); (Y.W.); (H.H.); (X.J.); (H.Z.); (K.X.); (J.Z.)
| | - Yu Wei
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, School of Animal Science and Nutritional Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; (X.X.); (Y.W.); (H.H.); (X.J.); (H.Z.); (K.X.); (J.Z.)
| | - Hongwei Hua
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, School of Animal Science and Nutritional Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; (X.X.); (Y.W.); (H.H.); (X.J.); (H.Z.); (K.X.); (J.Z.)
| | - Xiaoqing Jing
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, School of Animal Science and Nutritional Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; (X.X.); (Y.W.); (H.H.); (X.J.); (H.Z.); (K.X.); (J.Z.)
| | - Huiling Zhu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, School of Animal Science and Nutritional Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; (X.X.); (Y.W.); (H.H.); (X.J.); (H.Z.); (K.X.); (J.Z.)
| | - Kan Xiao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, School of Animal Science and Nutritional Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; (X.X.); (Y.W.); (H.H.); (X.J.); (H.Z.); (K.X.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jiangchao Zhao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, School of Animal Science and Nutritional Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; (X.X.); (Y.W.); (H.H.); (X.J.); (H.Z.); (K.X.); (J.Z.)
- Department of Animal Science, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, NC 72701, USA
| | - Yulan Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, School of Animal Science and Nutritional Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; (X.X.); (Y.W.); (H.H.); (X.J.); (H.Z.); (K.X.); (J.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-27-8395-6175
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Liu Y, Liu C, Wu H, Meng Q, Zhou Z. Small Intestine Microbiome and Metabolome of High and Low Residual Feed Intake Angus Heifers. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:862151. [PMID: 35531283 PMCID: PMC9069012 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.862151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract (GIT) contains complex microbial communities and plays an essential role in the overall health of the host. Previous studies of beef cattle feed efficiency have primarily concentrated on the ruminal microbiota because it plays a key role in energy production and nutrient supply in the host. Although the small intestine is the important site of post-ruminal digestion and absorption of nutrients, only a few studies have explored the relationship between the microbial populations in the small intestine and feed efficiency. Moreover, variations in GIT metabolites contribute to differences in feed efficiency. The objective of this study was to investigate relationships among bacterial populations of duodenum, jejunum, ileum; microbial metabolites; and RFI phenotype of beef cattle. We carried out by using Illumina MiSeq sequencing of the 16S rRNA V3-V4 region and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC–MS). In the duodenum, the relative abundances of Firmicutes ( p < 0.01), Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcaceae, Family_XIII, Christensenellaceae, Christensenellaceae_R-7_group ( p < 0.05), and Lachnospiraceae_NK3A20_group ( p < 0.05) were higher in the low residual feed intake (LRFI) group compared with the high residual feed intake (HRFI) group, whereas the HRFI group had higher abundances of Proteobacteria and Acinetobacter ( p < 0.01). In the jejunum, the relative abundances of Lachnospiraceae and Lachnospiraceae_NK3A20_group were higher in the LRFI group ( p < 0.05). In the ileum, the relative abundances of Ruminococcaceae ( p < 0.01), Christensenellaceae, Christensenellaceae_R-7_group, and Ruminococcus_2 were also higher in the LRFI group ( p < 0.05). Moreover, the genera Lachnospiraceae_NK3A20_group, Christensenellaceae_R-7_group, and Ruminococcus_2 were negatively associated with RFI, while the genus Acinetobacter was positively associated with RFI. The metabolomics analysis revealed that the LRFI group significantly improved protein digestion and absorption, as well as glycerophospholipid metabolism in the duodenum, jejunum, ileum. The correlation between intestinal microorganisms and metabolites revealed that some microorganisms play an important role in amino acid metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, nutrient digestion and absorption, and antioxidant enhancement. The present study provides a better understanding of the small intestinal microbiota and metabolites of beef cattle with different RFI phenotypes and the relationships among them, which are potentially important for the improvement of beef cattle feed efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Chang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qingxiang Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenming Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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A Mixture of Valine and Isoleucine Restores the Growth of Protein-Restricted Pigs Likely through Improved Gut Development, Hepatic IGF-1 Pathway, and Plasma Metabolomic Profile. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063300. [PMID: 35328720 PMCID: PMC8955368 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Valine (Val) alone or in combination with isoleucine (Ile) improves the growth under severe protein restriction; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. In this study, we assessed whether Val/Ile-induced growth in protein-restricted pigs is associated with changes in gut development, hepatic insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) production, and blood metabolomics. Forty piglets were assigned to five dietary groups: positive control (PC) with standard protein content; low protein (LP) with very low protein content; and LP supplemented with Val (LPV), Ile (LPI), and Val and Ile (LPVI). LPVI reversed the negative effects of VLP diets on growth and gut morphology. Both LPV and LPVI restored the reduced transcript of IGF-1 while decreasing the transcript of insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1 (IGFBP1) in the liver. LPV and LPVI recovered the reduced plasma Val, glycine, and leucine concentrations, which were positively correlated with improved gut morphology and the hepatic IGF-1 gene expression and negatively correlated with hepatic IGFBP1 mRNA abundance. In conclusion, supplementation with a combination of Val and Ile into the VLP diets restored the decreased growth performance of pigs fed with these diets likely through improved gut development, hepatic IGF-1 expression and bioavailability, and plasma metabolomics profile.
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Wang J, Wang N, Qi M, Li J, Tan B. Glutamine, glutamate, and aspartate differently modulate energy homeostasis of small intestine under normal or low energy status in piglets. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2022; 8:216-226. [PMID: 34977390 PMCID: PMC8685906 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2021.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Weaning stress may cause reduced energy intake for maintenance of mucosal structure. Gln, Glu, and Asp are major energy sources for the small intestine. This study investigated whether Gln, Glu, and Asp improve the intestinal morphology via regulating the energy metabolism in weaning piglets. A total of 198 weaned piglets were assigned to 3 treatments: Control (Basal diet + 1.59% L-Ala); T1 (Basal diet + 1% L-Gln + 0.5% L-Glu + 0.1% L-Asp); T2 (Low energy diet + 1% L-Gln + 0.5% L-Glu + 0.1% L-Asp). Jejunum and ileum were obtained on d 5 or 21 post-weaning. T1 enhanced growth performance. T1 and T2 treatments improved small intestinal morphology by increasing villus height, goblet cell number and decreasing crypt depth. Days post-weaning affected the efficacy of T2, but not T1, on energy metabolism. At normal energy supplementation, Gln, Glu, and Asp restored small intestinal energy homeostasis via replenishing the Krebs' cycle and down-regulating the AMPK (adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase) pathway. As these are not sufficient to maintain the intestinal energy-balance of piglets fed with a low energy diet on d 5 post-weaning, the AMPK, glycolysis, beta-oxidation, and mitochondrial biogenesis are activated to meet the high energy demand of enterocytes. These data indicated that Gln, Glu, and Asp could restore the energy homeostasis of intestinal mucosa of weaning piglets under normal energy fed. Low energy feeding may increase the susceptibility of piglets to stress, which may decrease the efficacy of Gln, Glu, and Asp on the restoration of energy balance. These findings provide new information on nutritional intervention for insufficient energy intake in weaning piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
- Animal Nutrition and Human Health Laboratory, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, School of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, Hunan, China
| | - Nan Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
| | - Ming Qi
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, Hunan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10008, China
| | - Jianjun Li
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, Hunan, China
| | - Bie Tan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, Hunan, China
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20
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Li G, Dong Z, Yue S, Wan D, Yin Y. Paternal Zn-deficiency abolishes metabolic effects in offspring induced by diet type. ANIMAL NUTRITION 2022; 8:310-320. [PMID: 35024468 PMCID: PMC8718729 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2021.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence implicates that offspring are susceptible to paternal alterations in numerous fetal disorders, such as growth and metabolic defects. However, less study has been conducted to define the relationship between paternal zinc deficiency (ZnD) and energy metabolism of offspring. In the present study, we used a paternal ZnD exposure (Zn at 0.3 μg/g) model to test energy metabolism of male and female offspring with the intervention of diet type (high-fat diet and low-fat diet). Our results demonstrated that paternal ZnD decreased body weight (BW) gain per week (P < 0.01) and ME intake per week (P < 0.05) at 11 weeks in male offspring with high-fat diet intervention but not in female offspring. Further, anabolism and catabolism of hepatic energy products also exhibited alterations. ZnD attenuated liver glucose but increased lipids content accompanied with elevated adiponectin and reduction in leptin level in serum, which exhibited lipid metabolic disturbance and smaller ratio of liver weight to BW in male but not female offspring. The qRT-PCR and liver energy metabolites analysis revealed that paternal ZnD mainly induced reduction in glucose tolerance and lowered glucose uptaking ability in male offspring and thereby alleviated glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) cycle, which displayed a male gender-dependency. Therefore, we propose that paternal ZnD abolishes metabolic effects in male offspring induced by diet type intervention. Our findings reveal a novel link between paternal Zn-D and offspring energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanya Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processess in Subtropical Region, Hunan Research Center of Livestock & Poultry Sciences, South-Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China
| | - Zhenglin Dong
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processess in Subtropical Region, Hunan Research Center of Livestock & Poultry Sciences, South-Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China
| | - Shusheng Yue
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China
| | - Dan Wan
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processess in Subtropical Region, Hunan Research Center of Livestock & Poultry Sciences, South-Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China
- Corresponding author.
| | - Yulong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processess in Subtropical Region, Hunan Research Center of Livestock & Poultry Sciences, South-Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
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Glutamic acid supplementation recovers the reduced performance of weanling pigs fed reduced crude protein diets. ANIMAL NUTRITION 2022; 8:249-255. [PMID: 34988306 PMCID: PMC8688883 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2021.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the supplementation of glutamic acid (Glu) to reduced protein diets on the performance of weanling pigs. One hundred and eighty crossbred weanling pigs ([Yorkshire × Landrace] × Duroc, 21 d old) having similar body weight (BW) of 6.45 kg were randomly allotted to 1 of 6 dietary treatments (5 pigs per pen [2 barrows and 3 gilts]; 6 pens per treatment) based on BW and sex during a 6-week trial. Dietary treatments consisted of positive control (PC) diet formulated to have 226.9, 205.6, and 188.8 g crude protein (CP) during phases 1, 2, and 3, respectively, and negative control (NC) diets with 20 g CP reduction from PC diets and addition of Glu with increasing levels, resulting in the calculated Lys-to-Glu ratios of 1:2.25, 1:2.30.1:2.35, 1:2.40, and 1:2.45, designated as NC, NC1, NC2, NC3, and NC4, respectively. The BW of pigs receiving PC diet was higher (P < 0.05) than those receiving NC diet at d 7, 21 and 42. A higher (P < 0.05) average daily gain (ADG) from d 1 to 7, 8 to 21, 22 to 42 and during the overall experiment period was observed in pigs fed PC than NC diet. Pigs fed NC diets including the graded level of Glu linearly increased (P < 0.05) BW at d 42, ADG and gain-to-feed ratio (G:F) during the overall experimental period. In addition, trends in linear increase in BW (P = 0.056) at d 7 and ADG from d 1 to 7 and d 22 to 42 (linear effect, P = 0.081, P = 0.058 respectively) were observed. A tendency in the linear increment of NH3 (P = 0.082) at d 21 and linear reduction in methyl mercaptans (P = 0.054) emission at d 42 was observed in pigs fed NC diets supplemented with graded level of Glu. In conclusion, supplementing the reduced protein diet with Glu enhanced the growth performance in weanling pigs suggesting that supplementation of Glu can compensate the reduction of 2% CP in the basal diets.
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Chen J, Chen D, Yu B, Luo Y, Zheng P, Mao X, Yu J, Luo J, Huang Z, Yan H, He J. Chlorogenic Acid Attenuates Oxidative Stress-Induced Intestinal Mucosa Disruption in Weaned Pigs. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:806253. [PMID: 35237678 PMCID: PMC8884245 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.806253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Chlorogenic acid (CGA) is a natural polyphenol that possesses potent antioxidant activity. However, little is known about its exact role in regulating the intestinal health under oxidative stress. This study was conducted to explore the effect of dietary CGA supplementation on intestinal barrier functions in weaned pigs upon oxidative stress. Twenty-four weaned pigs were allocated to three treatments and were given a basal diet (control) or basal diet containing CGA (1,000 mg/kg) for 21 days. Pigs were challenged by sterile saline (control) or diquat [10 mg/kg body weight (BW)] on the 15th day. Results showed that CGA attenuated the BW reduction, reduced the serum concentrations of diamine oxidase and D-lactate, and elevated serum antioxidant enzymes activities in diquat-challenged weaned pigs (P < 0.05). Moreover, diquat challenge decreased villus height and activities of sucrase and alkaline phosphatase in jejunum and ileum (P < 0.05), but CGA elevated the villus height and enzyme activities in the intestinal mucosa (P < 0.05). In addition, CGA not only decreased the expression levels of Bax, caspase-3, and caspase-9 (P < 0.05) but also elevated the expression levels of sodium glucose transport protein-1, glucose transporter-2, occludin, claudin-1, zonula occludens-1, and antioxidant genes such as nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-related factor 2 and heme oxygenase-1 in intestinal mucosa of weaned pigs upon oxidative stress (P < 0.05). These findings suggested that CGA can attenuate oxidative stress-induced growth retardation and intestinal mucosa disruption, which was linked to elevated antioxidative capacity and enhanced intestinal barrier integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Chen
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Chengdu, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Daiwen Chen
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Chengdu, China
| | - Bing Yu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuheng Luo
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Zheng
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiangbing Mao
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Chengdu, China
| | - Jie Yu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Chengdu, China
| | - Junqiu Luo
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhiqing Huang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Chengdu, China
| | - Hui Yan
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun He
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Jun He
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23
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Habibi M, Shili CN, Sutton J, Goodarzi P, Pezeshki A. Dietary branched-chain amino acids modulate the dynamics of calcium absorption and reabsorption in protein-restricted pigs. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2022; 13:15. [PMID: 35139926 PMCID: PMC8830008 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-021-00669-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Very low-protein (VLP) diets negatively impact calcium (Ca) metabolism and absorption. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of supplemental branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) and limiting amino acids (LAA) on Ca digestibility, absorption and reabsorption in pigs fed with VLP diets. Forty-eight piglets were assigned to six treatments: positive control (PC), negative control (NC), and NC containing LAA 25%, LAA 50%, LAA + BCAA 25% (LB25) and LAA + BCAA 50% (LB50) more than recommendations. Results Relative to PC or NC, LB25 and LB50 had higher digestibility of Ca and plasma Ca and phosphorus (P), but lower plasma vitamin D3. LB50 tended to increase vitamin D receptor transcript and protein in the gut, but decreased mRNA or protein abundance of parathyroid hormone 1 receptor (PTH1R), calbindin 1 (CALB1), cytochrome P450 family 27 subfamily B member 1 and occludin in small intestine. LB50 increased the transcript of cytochrome P450 family 24 subfamily A member 1 and PTH1R but decreased the transcript of transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 5, CALB1 and solute carrier family 17 member 4 in kidney. Conclusion Overall, BCAA increased Ca digestibility through regulating the transcellular and paracellular Ca absorption in the gut and reabsorption in kidney during protein restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Habibi
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, 206C Animal Science Building, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Cedrick N Shili
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, 206C Animal Science Building, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Julia Sutton
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, 206C Animal Science Building, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Parniyan Goodarzi
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, 206C Animal Science Building, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Adel Pezeshki
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, 206C Animal Science Building, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA.
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24
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Guo Z, Chen X, Huang Z, Chen D, Yu J, Yan H, Chen H, He J, Zheng P, Luo Y, Yu B. Apple polyphenols improve intestinal barrier function by enhancing antioxidant capacity and suppressing inflammation in weaning piglets. Anim Sci J 2022; 93:e13747. [PMID: 35699681 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the effects of apple polyphenols (APPs) on antioxidant capacity, immune and inflammatory response, and barrier function in weaning piglets. Results showed that APPs improved jejunal barrier function by increasing the villus height, villus height/crypt depth, the mRNA levels of occludin, mucin-1, and mucin-4 and up-regulating the protein expression of occluding (P < 0.05). As for antioxidant capacity, APPs increased the activities of total superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase and total antioxidant capacity level in jejunum (P < 0.05). Besides, APPs up-regulated the protein expressions of NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 (NQO1), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and nuclear-related factor 2 (NRF2) and down-regulated the protein expression of kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1). As regard to immune and inflammatory response, APPs increased the immunoglobulin A content in serum and decreased the mRNA levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), and IL-8 in jejunum (P < 0.05). Overall, dietary APPs supplementation improves the jejunal barrier function by enhancing antioxidant capacity and suppressing the mRNA expression related to inflammation, which may be related to the NRF2 signal and TLR4/NF-κB signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyang Guo
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoling Chen
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhiqing Huang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Daiwen Chen
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jie Yu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hui Yan
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong Chen
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, China
| | - Jun He
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuheng Luo
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bing Yu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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25
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Cai G, Moffitt K, Navone L, Zhang Z, Robins K, Speight R. Valorisation of keratin waste: Controlled pretreatment enhances enzymatic production of antioxidant peptides. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 301:113945. [PMID: 34731956 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Conversion of keratin waste to value-added products not only reduces waste volumes but also creates new revenue streams for the animal production industry. In the present study, combination of alkaline pretreatment of cattle hair with enzymatic hydrolysis was studied to produce keratin hydrolysates with relatively high antioxidant activities. Firstly, the effect of pretreatment conditions at a high solid/liquid mass ratio of 1:2 with different NaOH loadings and temperatures was studied. Increasing NaOH concentration from 1.0% to 2.5% and temperature from room temperature to 110 °C increased hair hydrolysis by keratinase and protein recovery in hydrolysates. Mild pretreatment with 1.5% NaOH at 70 °C for 30 min led to a protein recovery of 30% in the enzymatic hydrolysate. The resulting hydrolysate showed a high antioxidant activity, scavenging 69% of the ABTS radical with a low EC50 of 0.8 mg/mL. Severe pretreatment with 2.5% NaOH at 110 °C for 30 min resulted in a higher protein recovery of 45%, but a lower ABTS radical scavenging activity of 56% and a higher EC50 of 1.3 mg/mL. The reduced antioxidant activity was attributed to the reduced proportion of small peptides (<3 kDa) and the increased extent of amino acid chemical modification. This study demonstrated that controlling alkali pretreatment conditions could lead to the production of enzymatic hydrolysates with higher antioxidant activities for potential value-adding applications. The information generated from this study will aid scale-up and commercialisation of processes with optimised antioxidant peptide production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiqin Cai
- Centre for Agriculture and the Bioeconomy, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland, 4000, Australia; School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, QUT, Brisbane, Queensland, 4000, Australia
| | - Kaylee Moffitt
- Centre for Agriculture and the Bioeconomy, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland, 4000, Australia; School of Biology and Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, QUT, Brisbane, Queensland, 4000, Australia
| | - Laura Navone
- Centre for Agriculture and the Bioeconomy, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland, 4000, Australia; School of Biology and Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, QUT, Brisbane, Queensland, 4000, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, QUT, Brisbane, Queensland, 4000, Australia
| | - Zhanying Zhang
- Centre for Agriculture and the Bioeconomy, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland, 4000, Australia; School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, QUT, Brisbane, Queensland, 4000, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, QUT, Brisbane, Queensland, 4000, Australia
| | - Karen Robins
- Centre for Agriculture and the Bioeconomy, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland, 4000, Australia; School of Biology and Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, QUT, Brisbane, Queensland, 4000, Australia; Sustain Biotech, Sydney, NSW, 2224, Australia
| | - Robert Speight
- Centre for Agriculture and the Bioeconomy, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland, 4000, Australia; School of Biology and Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, QUT, Brisbane, Queensland, 4000, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, QUT, Brisbane, Queensland, 4000, Australia.
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26
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Cao S, Xiao H, Li X, Zhu J, Gao J, Wang L, Hu C. AMPK-PINK1/Parkin Mediated Mitophagy Is Necessary for Alleviating Oxidative Stress-Induced Intestinal Epithelial Barrier Damage and Mitochondrial Energy Metabolism Dysfunction in IPEC-J2. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10122010. [PMID: 34943113 PMCID: PMC8698696 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10122010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The imbalance of redox biology and oxidative stress leads to intestinal barrier injury and mitophagy. However, much uncertainty still exists about the role of mitophagy in oxidative stress and intestinal function. Here, we showed the effects of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative stress on intestinal epithelial cell oxidation balance, intestinal barrier function and mitochondrial energy metabolism and its underlying mechanism. In this study, we found that H2O2-induced oxidative stress activated adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and enhanced mitophagy in intestinal porcine epithelial cells (IPEC-J2). While compound C (AMPK inhibitor) and mdivi-1 (mitophagy inhibitor) significantly reduced the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in H2O2 treated cells. Moreover, compound C and mdivi-1 significantly reduced the trans-epithelium electrical resistant (TER) and increased the fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran (FD4) flux in H2O2 treated IPEC-J2. Furthermore, compound C and mdivi-1 significantly reduced the activity of mitochondrial complex II. Seahorse XF96 data showed that compound C + mdivi-1+ H2O2 treatment significantly reduced maximum respiratory oxygen consumption and spare respiratory capacity. Additionally, compound C or mdivi-1 treatment reduced the formation of mitochondrial autophagosomes. These results unveiled that AMPK and PINK1/Parkin mediated mitophagy is necessary for alleviating oxidative stress induced intestinal epithelial barrier damage and mitochondrial energy metabolism dysfunction in IPEC-J2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuting Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; (S.C.); (H.X.); (J.G.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Animal Science College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (X.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Hao Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; (S.C.); (H.X.); (J.G.)
| | - Xin Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Animal Science College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (X.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jiang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Animal Science College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (X.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jingchun Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; (S.C.); (H.X.); (J.G.)
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; (S.C.); (H.X.); (J.G.)
- Correspondence: (L.W.); (C.H.)
| | - Caihong Hu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Animal Science College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (X.L.); (J.Z.)
- Correspondence: (L.W.); (C.H.)
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27
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Chao H, Komura M. Comments on "Antiapoptotic and antioxidant capacity of phytochemicals from Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa)and their potential effects on monosodium glutamate-induced testicular damage in rat". ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:67901-67903. [PMID: 34585350 PMCID: PMC8642251 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16609-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Huichia Chao
- International Glutamate Technical Committee (IGTC), Avenue de Tervuren 188A, 1150, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Masanori Komura
- International Glutamate Technical Committee (IGTC), Avenue de Tervuren 188A, 1150, Brussels, Belgium
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28
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Han H, Zhang S, Zhong R, Tang C, Yin J, Zhang J, Zhang H. Effects of chlortetracycline on growth performance and intestinal functions in weaned piglets. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 132:1760-1767. [PMID: 34787953 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIM Weaning stress can cause serious damage to piglet's health. Chlortetracycline (CTC) is widely used to ameliorate weaning stress and prevent infectious diseases in weaned piglets. However, antibiotics as growth promoters have to be limited because of increased antimicrobial resistance. In this study, we evaluated the effects of CTC on growth performance and intestinal functions in order to provide evidence for seeking antibiotic substitutes in weaned piglets. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 20 weaned piglets were fed a basal diet or a diet supplemented with 75 mg/kg CTC. CTC decreased the crypt depth and increased the ratio of villus height to crypt depth, whilst failing to affect growth performance and serum biochemical parameters and cytokines. 16S rRNA sequencing suggested that CTC supplementation had no effect on the diversity and composition of colonic microbiota. CONCLUSION We speculated that gut microbiota is no longer sensitive to a low concentration of CTC due to the long-term use and low bioavailability of CTC in weaned piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Han
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shunfen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ruqing Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chaohua Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Yin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Junmin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongfu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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29
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Sun X, Piao L, Jin H, Nogoy KMC, Zhang J, Sun B, Jin Y, Lee DH, Choi S, Li X. Dietary glucose oxidase and/or catalase supplementation alleviates intestinal oxidative stress induced by diquat in weaned piglets. Anim Sci J 2021; 92:e13634. [PMID: 34605115 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of dietary exogenous glucose oxidase (GOD) and/or catalase (CAT) on the intestinal antioxidant capacity and barrier function in piglets under oxidative stress. Sixty pigs assigned randomly to five treatment groups-CON: basal diet; DIQ: basal diet; GOD: basal diet + 40-U GOD/kg diet; CAT: basal diet + 50-U CAT/kg diet; and GC: basal diet + 40-U GOD/kg diet + 50-U CAT/kg diet-were analyzed. On Day 14, the CON group was injected with saline, and the others were treated with diquat. The results showed that in diquat-treated piglets, supplementation of dietary GOD and CAT elevated the superoxide dismutase and CAT activities and attenuated the malondialdehyde level in plasma and intestinal mucosa, enhanced the duodenal villus height and villus height/crypt depth ratio, upregulated ZO-1 mRNA level, and attenuated the apoptosis of the epithelial cells and caspase-3 mRNA level in the intestine. Additionally, the supplementation upregulated mRNA expression of the intestinal NF-E2-related factor 2-regulated genes in diquat-treated piglets. However, GOD combined with CAT could not alleviate oxidative damage better than supplementation of CAT or GOD alone under oxidative stress. Overall, the study provides a potential alternative that could relieve the weaning stress in piglets and help formulate antibiotic-free diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojiao Sun
- Department of Animal Science, Yanbian University, Yanji, China.,Department of Swine R&D, CJ Cheiljedang Feed R&D Center, Shenyang, China
| | - Longguo Piao
- Department of Swine R&D, CJ Cheiljedang Feed R&D Center, Shenyang, China
| | - Haifeng Jin
- Department of Swine R&D, CJ Cheiljedang Feed R&D Center, Shenyang, China
| | | | - Junfang Zhang
- Department of Animal Science, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Bin Sun
- Department of Animal Science, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Yi Jin
- Department of Animal Science, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Dong Hoon Lee
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju City, South Korea
| | - Seongho Choi
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju City, South Korea
| | - Xiangzi Li
- Department of Animal Science, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
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Zhang H, Wang Z, Li Z, Wang K, Kong B, Chen Q. l-glycine and l-glutamic acid protect Pediococcus pentosaceus R1 against oxidative damage induced by hydrogen peroxide. Food Microbiol 2021; 101:103897. [PMID: 34579850 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2021.103897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The effects of l-glycine (Gly) and l-glutamic acid (Glu) on oxidative damage induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in Pediococcus pentosaceus R1 were investigated. Gly and Glu significantly reduce the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species and the levels of malondialdehyde and carbonylated proteins and concomitantly increase ATP levels in P. pentosaceus R1 under H2O2-induced stress (P < 0.05). Transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy of bacteria under H2O2-induced stress revealed that Gly and Glu suppress bacterial membrane deformation and cell damage. Gly exhibited stronger ferrous ion-chelating ability, whereas Glu has higher radical scavenging activities and reducing power (P < 0.05). The abilities of Gly and Glu to inhibit lipid peroxidation are comparable. Gly and Glu significantly enhance the activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, respectively, and increase the total antioxidant capacity of bacteria (P < 0.05). These findings indicate that Gly and Glu alleviate H2O2-induced oxidative stress via direct antioxidant effects and increase the activities of bacterial antioxidant enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Zhang
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150030, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150030, China
| | - Zhiwei Li
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150030, China
| | - Keda Wang
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150030, China
| | - Baohua Kong
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150030, China.
| | - Qian Chen
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150030, China
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Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SC06 Induced AKT-FOXO Signaling Pathway-Mediated Autophagy to Alleviate Oxidative Stress in IPEC-J2 Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10101545. [PMID: 34679680 PMCID: PMC8533163 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10101545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a conserved proteolytic mechanism, which degrades and recycles damaged organs and proteins in cells to resist external stress. Probiotics could induce autophagy; however, its underlying molecular mechanisms remain elusive. Our previous study has found that BaSC06 could alleviate oxidative stress by inducing autophagy in rats. This research aimed to verify whether Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SC06 can induce autophagy to alleviate oxidative stress in IPEC-J2 cells, as well as explore its mechanisms. IPEC-J2 cells were first pretreated with 108 CFU/mL BaSC06, and then were induced to oxidative stress by the optimal dose of diquat. The results showed that BaSC06 significantly triggered autophagy, indicated by the up-regulation of LC3 and Beclin1 along with downregulation of p62 in IPEC-J2 cells. Further analysis revealed that BaSC06 inhibited the AKT-FOXO signaling pathway by inhibiting the expression of p-AKT and p-FOXO and inducing the expression of SIRT1, resulting in increasing the transcriptional activity of FOXO3 and gene expression of the ATG5-ATG12 complex to induce autophagy, which alleviated oxidative stress and apoptosis. Taken together, BaSC06 can induce AKT-FOXO-mediated autophagy to alleviate oxidative stress-induced apoptosis and cell damage, thus providing novel theoretical support for probiotics in the prevention and treatment of oxidative damage.
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Habibi M, Shili C, Sutton J, Goodarzi P, Maylem ER, Spicer L, Pezeshki A. Branched-chain amino acids partially recover the reduced growth of pigs fed with protein-restricted diets through both central and peripheral factors. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2021; 7:868-882. [PMID: 34632118 PMCID: PMC8484988 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2021.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to assess the growth efficiency of pigs fed with protein-restricted diets supplemented with branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) and limiting amino acids (LAA) above the recommended levels. Following 2 weeks of adaptation, 48 young barrows were weight matched and randomly assigned to 6 treatments (8 pigs/treatment) for 4 weeks: positive control (PC) with standard protein, negative control (NC) with very low protein containing LAA (i.e., Lys, Met, Thr and Trp) at recommended levels, and NC containing LAA 25% (L25), LAA 50% (L50), LAA+BCAA (i.e., Leu, Ile and Val) 25% (LB25) and LAA+BCAA 50% (LB50) more than recommendations. Feed intake (FI) and body weight (BW) were measured daily and weekly, respectively. At week 6, blood samples were collected, all pigs euthanized and tissue samples collected. The data were analyzed by univariate GLM or mixed procedure (SPSS) and the means were separated using paired Student's t-test followed by Benjamini-Hochberg correction. Relative to PC, NC had decreased FI, BW, unsupplemented plasma essential amino acids, serum insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and hypothalamic neuropeptide Y (NPY) (P < 0.01). Compared to NC, L25 or L50, LB50 had increased BW and serum IGF-I and decreased plasma serotonin and both LB25 and LB50 had higher FI, plasma BCAA, hypothalamic 5-hydroxytryptamine-receptor 2A and NPY and jejunal 5-hydroxytryptamine-receptor 7 (P < 0.01). Overall, supplementation of protein-restricted diets with increased levels of dietary BCAA partially recovered the negative effects of these diets on growth through improved IGF-I concentration and FI, which was associated with changed expression of serotonin receptors, blood AA and hypothalamic NPY.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Habibi
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Cedrick Shili
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Julia Sutton
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Parniyan Goodarzi
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Excel Rio Maylem
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Leon Spicer
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Adel Pezeshki
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
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Chen J, Su Y, Lin R, Lin F, Shang P, Hussain R, Shi D. Effects of Acute Diquat Poisoning on Liver Mitochondrial Apoptosis and Autophagy in Ducks. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:727766. [PMID: 34458360 PMCID: PMC8385319 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.727766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Diquat (DQ) is an effective herbicide and is widely used in agriculture. Due to persistent and frequent applications, it can enter into aquatic ecosystem and induce toxic effects to exposed aquatic animals. The residues of DQ via food chain accumulate in different tissues of exposed animals including humans and cause adverse toxic effects. Therefore, it is crucial and important to understand the mechanisms of toxic effects of DQ in exposed animals. We used ducks as test specimens to know the effects of acute DQ poisoning on mechanisms of apoptosis and autophagy in liver tissues. Results on comparison of various indexes of visceral organs including histopathological changes, apoptosis, autophagy-related genes, and protein expression indicated the adverse effects of DQ on the liver. The results of our experimental trial showed that DQ induces non-significant toxic effects on pro-apoptotic factors like BAX, BAK1, TNF-α, caspase series, and p53. The results revealed that anti-apoptotic gene Parkin was significantly upregulated, while an upward trend was also observed for Bcl2, suggesting that involvement of the anti-apoptotic factors in ducklings plays an important role in DQ poisoning. Results showed that DQ significantly increased the protein expression level of the autophagy factor Beclin 1 in the liver. Results on key autophagy factors like LC3A, LC3B, and p62 showed an upward trend at gene level, while the protein expression level of both LC3B and p62 reduced that might be associated with process of translation affected by the pro-apoptotic components such as apoptotic protease that inhibits the occurrence of autophagy while initiating cell apoptosis. The above results indicate that DQ can induce cell autophagy and apoptosis and the exposed organism may resist the toxic effects of DQ by increasing anti-apoptotic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yalin Su
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Renzhao Lin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fei Lin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Shang
- College of Animal Science, Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry College, Linzhi, China
| | - Riaz Hussain
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Dayou Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Xu M, Liu F, Zhou W, He B, Tan S. Preparation and preliminary quality evaluation of aspirin/L-glutamate compound pellets. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2021; 32:116. [PMID: 34460000 PMCID: PMC8405465 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-021-06594-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
L-glutamate is an important component of protein. It can prevent gastrointestinal damage caused by NSAIDs. We constructed two-phase enteric-coated granules of aspirin and L-glutamate compound by extrusion spheronization method and fluidized bed coating. The subliminal effective dose of L-glutamate is 100 mg/kg tested by model of gastric ulcer of rats induced by aspirin and drug administration. HPLC-UV and UV-Vis methods were adopted to determine content and cumulative release of aspirin and L-glutamate as quality analysis method indexes. The prescription and process optimization were carried out with yield, sphericity and dissolution. The two-phase compound granules have good sphericity of 0.93 ± 0.05 (aspirin pellets) and 0.94 ± 0.02 (L-glutamate pellets), content of salicylic acid (0.24 ± 0.03)%, dissolution of aspirin (2.36 ± 0.11)%. Quality evaluation and preliminary stability meet the commercial requirements. The stored environment of compound preparation should be sealed in a cool and dark place.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengchang Xu
- Academician Workstation, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, 410219, China
| | - Fenglin Liu
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Wenhu Zhou
- Academician Workstation, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, 410219, China.
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China.
| | - Binsheng He
- Academician Workstation, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, 410219, China
| | - Songwen Tan
- Academician Workstation, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, 410219, China.
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China.
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Li ZX, Chen W, Qin M, Wang LX, Zeng YQ. Characteristics of circRNAs expression profiles in the piglets intestine induced by oxidative stress. Genes Genomics 2021; 44:425-433. [PMID: 34449066 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-021-01154-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUD Oxidative stress (OS) can affect the expression of key genes and destroy the intestinal structure. However, it is unclear how OS regulates the expression of circular RNAs (circRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs) and mRNAs. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine the expression of circRNAs, miRNAs and mRNAs exposed to OS. METHODS Piglets were exposed to diquat (DQ), a herbicide, and the activity of antioxidant enzymes and the morphology of the intestine were investigated. We utilized whole transcriptome sequencing to examine the global expression of circRNAs, miRNAs and mRNAs in the jejunum. RESULTS Compared to controls, 751 circRNAs, 731 miRNAs and 164 mRNAs were differentially expressed in diquat-treated piglets. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis indicated that oxidative phosphorylation, RNA degradation and ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis were closely associated with OS. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicated that diquat-induced OS alters the intestinal structure, resulting in the differential expression of circRNAs, miRNAs and mRNAs in the jejunum of piglets. Meanwhile, OS weakened the enzyme antioxidant system in serum of piglets. Our results provide a foundation for further studies on the mechanisms involved in the response to OS in the jejunum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Xin Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 DaiZong Street, Tai'an City, 271018, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Chen
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 DaiZong Street, Tai'an City, 271018, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Qin
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 DaiZong Street, Tai'an City, 271018, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Xue Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 DaiZong Street, Tai'an City, 271018, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Qing Zeng
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 DaiZong Street, Tai'an City, 271018, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China.
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Upadhaya SD, Lee SS, Kim YH, Wu Z, Kim IH. Effects of supplementation of graded level of glutamic acid to crude protein reduced diets on the performance of growing pigs. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2021; 106:825-831. [PMID: 34423869 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A total of 150 growing pigs ([Landrace × Yorkshire] × Duroc) with an initial average body weight (BW) of 24.45 kg were used in a 6-week trial to estimate the optimum lysine to glutamic acid ratio in pigs fed low-protein diets supplemented with increasing level of synthetic glutamic acid (Glu). Pigs were randomly allotted to 5 dietary treatments consisting of either control diet (CON) formulated to have 157 g crude protein (CP) or negative control diets (NC, NC1, NC2 and NC3) with 20 g CP reduction and addition of Glu (1.1, 3.9, 6.8 and 9.6 g/kg feed respectively). Supplementing the increasing level of Glu to low CP diets did not exert any linear or quadratic responses in the growth performance parameters as well as nutrient digestibility. The serum creatinine concentration in pigs receiving CON diet showed trends (p = 0.063) in increment compared with pigs receiving NC diet. However, with the increase in the supplementation of Glu, there were no linear or quadratic responses on serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine concentrations. There was a tendency in the reduction (p = 0.088, p = 0.064) of backfat thickness and lean percentage, respectively, at week 3 and a trend in the reduction (p = 0.092) in lean percentage at week 6 in pigs fed NC diet compared with those fed CON diet. The increase in the supplemental level of Glu tended to show quadratic responses in the backfat thickness and lean percentage at week 3 and 6. In conclusion, the growth performance parameters as well as carcass traits with Lys: Glu ratio 1: 2.71 were very close with the mean values of CON diet indicating that 6.8 g Glu when supplemented to 2% CP reduced diet could achieve the comparable growth performance and carcass trait as that of standard basal diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santi Devi Upadhaya
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Sang Seon Lee
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Young Hwa Kim
- National Institute of Animal Science, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Zhenlong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - In Ho Kim
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
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Wang S, Bai M, Xu K, Shao Y, Yang Z, Xiong X, Huang R, Li Y, Liu H. Effects of Coated Cysteamine on Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Weaned Pigs. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11082217. [PMID: 34438677 PMCID: PMC8388385 DOI: 10.3390/ani11082217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the effects of dietary coated cysteamine on oxidative stress and inflammation in diquat-induced weaning pigs. Twenty-four pigs were randomly assigned to three dietary groups with eight replicates: the control (fed base diet), diquat (fed base diet), and coated cysteamine + diquat groups (fed 80 mg/kg cysteamine). The experiment was conducted for 21 d, and consisted of a pre-starter period (14 d) and a starter period (7 d). Coated cysteamine treatment significantly increased (p < 0.05) the final weight and average daily gain (ADG) in pigs. The contents of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), immunoglobulin G (IgG), serine (Ser), and isoleucine (Ile) were elevated (p < 0.05) while the contents of albumin (ALB) and aspartic acid (Asp) were reduced (p < 0.05) in the serum after coated cysteamine supplementation. Coated cysteamine supplementation resulted in greater (p < 0.05) serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, the expression of interleukin-10 (IL-10) mRNA in the colon, and the CuSOD mRNA expression in the jejunum (p < 0.05) and colon (p = 0.073). Coated cysteamine supplementation showed an increasing trend in villus height (p = 0.060), villus height/crypt depth (V/C) (p = 0.056), the expression levels of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) mRNA (p = 0.061), and Occludin mRNA (p = 0.074) in the jejunum. In summary, dietary supplementation with coated cysteamine improves the intestinal barrier function of the jejunum by increasing the immunoglobulin content and the relative expression of intestinal immune factor mRNA in pigs while alleviating oxidative stress and inflammatory reactions caused by diquat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Wang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; (S.W.); (M.B.); (K.X.); (Y.S.); (X.X.); (R.H.)
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Miaomiao Bai
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; (S.W.); (M.B.); (K.X.); (Y.S.); (X.X.); (R.H.)
| | - Kang Xu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; (S.W.); (M.B.); (K.X.); (Y.S.); (X.X.); (R.H.)
| | - Yirui Shao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; (S.W.); (M.B.); (K.X.); (Y.S.); (X.X.); (R.H.)
| | - Zhe Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China;
| | - Xia Xiong
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; (S.W.); (M.B.); (K.X.); (Y.S.); (X.X.); (R.H.)
| | - Ruilin Huang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; (S.W.); (M.B.); (K.X.); (Y.S.); (X.X.); (R.H.)
| | - Yao Li
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (H.L.)
| | - Hongnan Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; (S.W.); (M.B.); (K.X.); (Y.S.); (X.X.); (R.H.)
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (H.L.)
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Goodarzi P, Habibi M, Roberts K, Sutton J, Shili CN, Lin D, Pezeshki A. Dietary Tryptophan Supplementation Alters Fat and Glucose Metabolism in a Low-Birthweight Piglet Model. Nutrients 2021; 13:2561. [PMID: 34444719 PMCID: PMC8399558 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Low birthweight (LBW) is associated with metabolic complications, such as glucose and lipid metabolism disturbances in early life. The objective of this study was to assess: (1) the effect of dietary tryptophan (Trp) on glucose and fat metabolism in an LBW piglet model, and (2) the role peripheral 5-hydroxytryptamine type 3 (5HT3) receptors in regulating the feeding behavior in LBW piglets fed with Trp-supplemented diets. Seven-day-old piglets were assigned to 4 treatments: normal birthweight-0%Trp (NBW-T0), LBW-0%Trp (LBW-T0), LBW-0.4%Trp (LBW-T0.4), and LBW-0.8%Trp (LBW-T0.8) for 3 weeks. Compared to LBW-T0, the blood glucose was decreased in LBW-T0.8 at 60 min following the meal test, and the triglycerides were lower in LBW-T0.4 and LBW-T0.8. Relative to LBW-T0, LBW-T0.8 had a lower transcript and protein abundance of hepatic glucose transporter-2, a higher mRNA abundance of glucokinase, and a lower transcript of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase. LBW-T0.4 tended to have a lower protein abundance of sodium-glucose co-transporter 1 in the jejunum. In comparison with LBW-T0, LBW-T0.4 and LBW-T0.8 had a lower transcript of hepatic acetyl-CoA carboxylase, and LBW-T0.4 had a higher transcript of 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase. Blocking 5-HT3 receptors with ondansetron reduced the feed intake in all groups, with a transient effect on LBW-T0, but more persistent effect on LBW-T0.8 and NBW-T0. In conclusion, Trp supplementation reduced the hepatic lipogenesis and gluconeogenesis, but increased the glycolysis in LBW piglets. Peripheral serotonin is likely involved in the regulation of feeding behavior, particularly in LBW piglets fed diets supplemented with a higher dose of Trp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parniyan Goodarzi
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA; (P.G.); (M.H.); (K.R.); (J.S.); (C.N.S.)
| | - Mohammad Habibi
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA; (P.G.); (M.H.); (K.R.); (J.S.); (C.N.S.)
| | - Kennedy Roberts
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA; (P.G.); (M.H.); (K.R.); (J.S.); (C.N.S.)
| | - Julia Sutton
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA; (P.G.); (M.H.); (K.R.); (J.S.); (C.N.S.)
| | - Cedrick Ndhumba Shili
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA; (P.G.); (M.H.); (K.R.); (J.S.); (C.N.S.)
| | - Dingbo Lin
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA;
| | - Adel Pezeshki
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA; (P.G.); (M.H.); (K.R.); (J.S.); (C.N.S.)
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Hossain M, Regassa A, Amarakoon S, Jayaraman B, Akhtar N, Li J, Karmin O, Nyachoti C. The effect of epidermal growth factor on performance and oxidative stress in piglets challenged with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli K88. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2020-0192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the efficacy of epidermal growth factor (EGF) in piglets challenged with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli K88 (ETEC). A total of 28 piglets were assigned to the following dietary treatments for 14 d: negative control (NC) (basal diet containing supernatant without EGF), PC (NC + 2.5 g antibiotic·kg−1 feed), EGF120 [basal diet + supernatant with 120 μg EGF·kg−1 body weight (BW)·d−1], and EGF180 (basal diet + supernatant with 180 μg EGF·kg−1 BW·d−1). After a 6 d acclimation period, each pig was gavaged with 6 mL (2.4 × 1013 cfu·mL−1) of ETEC on the morning of day 7. Overall, piglets fed the EGF and PC diets tended to have higher gain to feed ratio than those fed the NC diet (P = 0.063). Pigs fed EGF diets had lower rectal temperature than those fed the NC diet at 6 h after challenge (P < 0.05). Serum and ileal malondialdehyde concentrations were higher in piglets fed the NC diet compared with those fed EGF and PC diets on days 6 and 7 after challenge, respectively (P < 0.05). In conclusion, EGF has the potential to reduce oxidative stress and body temperature elevation in piglets exposed to ETEC while supporting better feed efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- M.M. Hossain
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - A. Regassa
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - S. Amarakoon
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - B. Jayaraman
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - N. Akhtar
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - J. Li
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - O. Karmin
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - C.M. Nyachoti
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
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Chalvon-Demersay T, Luise D, Le Floc'h N, Tesseraud S, Lambert W, Bosi P, Trevisi P, Beaumont M, Corrent E. Functional Amino Acids in Pigs and Chickens: Implication for Gut Health. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:663727. [PMID: 34113671 PMCID: PMC8185281 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.663727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In pigs and broiler chickens, the gastrointestinal tract or gut is subjected to many challenges which alter performance, animal health, welfare and livability. Preventive strategies are needed to mitigate the impacts of these challenges on gut health while reducing the need to use antimicrobials. In the first part of the review, we propose a common definition of gut health for pig and chickens relying on four pillars, which correspond to the main functions of the digestive tract: (i) epithelial barrier and digestion, (ii) immune fitness, (iii) microbiota balance and (iv) oxidative stress homeostasis. For each pillar, we describe the most commonly associated indicators. In the second part of the review, we present the potential of functional amino acid supplementation to preserve and improve gut health in piglets and chickens. We highlight that amino acid supplementation strategies, based on their roles as precursors of energy and functional molecules, as signaling molecules and as microbiota modulators can positively contribute to gut health by supporting or restoring its four intertwined pillars. Additional work is still needed in order to determine the effective dose of supplementation and mode of administration that ensure the full benefits of amino acids. For this purpose, synergy between amino acids, effects of amino acid-derived metabolites and differences in the metabolic fate between free and protein-bound amino acids are research topics that need to be furtherly investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diana Luise
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Paolo Bosi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Trevisi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Martin Beaumont
- GenPhySE, Université De Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, Toulouse, France
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Wang F, Liu J, Hu X, Zhong Y, Wen F, Tang X, Yang S, Zhong S, Zhou Z, Yuan X, Li Y. The influence on oxidative stress markers, inflammatory factors and intestinal injury-related molecules in Wahui pigeon induced by lipopolysaccharide. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251462. [PMID: 33979394 PMCID: PMC8115843 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The intestinal structure is the foundation for various activities and functions in poultry. An important question concerns the changes in the intestinal status under endotoxin stimulation. This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of intestinal injury induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in Wahui pigeons. Methods Thirty-six 28-day-old healthy Wahui pigeons were randomly divided into two groups. The experimental group was injected with LPS (100 μg/kg) once per day for five days, and the control group was treated with the same amount of sterile saline. Blood and the ileum were collected from pigeons on the first, third, and fifth days of the experiment and used for oxidative stress assessment, inflammatory factor detection, histopathological examination, and positive cell localization. In addition, intestinal injury indices and mRNA expression levels (tight junction proteins, inflammatory cytokines, and factors related to autophagy and apoptosis) were evaluated. Results Villi in the ileum were shorter in the LPS group than in the control group, and D-lactic acid levels in the serum were significantly increased. Glutathione and catalase levels significantly decreased, but the malondialdehyde content in the serum increased. TNF-α and IL-10 were detected at higher levels in the serum, with stronger positive signals and higher mRNA expression levels, in the LPS group than in the control group. In addition, the levels of TLR4, MyD88, NF-κB, and HMGB1 in the inflammatory signaling pathway were also upregulated. Finally, the mRNA expression of Claudin3, Occludin, and ZO-1 was significantly decreased; however, that of Beclin1 and Atg5 was increased in the LPS group. Conclusion Ileal pathological changes and oxidative stress were caused by LPS challenge; it is proposed that this triggering regulates the inflammatory response, causing excessive autophagy and apoptosis, promoting intestinal permeability, and leading to intestinal injury in Wahui pigeons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jin Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiaofen Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, China
| | - Youbao Zhong
- Technology Center of Experimental Animals, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, Jiangxi, China
| | - Feng Wen
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528231, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoen Tang
- Fuzhou Husbandry Breeding Farm, Linchuan, 344000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Shanshan Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, China
| | - Shengwei Zhong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zuohong Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xu Yuan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yong Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, China
- * E-mail:
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Invited Review: Maintain or Improve Piglet Gut Health around Weanling: The Fundamental Effects of Dietary Amino Acids. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11041110. [PMID: 33924356 PMCID: PMC8069201 DOI: 10.3390/ani11041110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut health has significant implications for swine nutrient utilization and overall health. The basic gut morphology and its luminal microbiota play determinant roles for maintaining gut health and functions. Amino acids (AA), a group of essential nutrients for pigs, are not only obligatory for maintaining gut mucosal mass and integrity, but also for supporting the growth of luminal microbiota. This review summarized the up-to-date knowledge concerning the effects of dietary AA supplementation on the gut health of weanling piglets. For instance, threonine, arginine, glutamine, methionine and cysteine are beneficial to gut mucosal immunity and barrier function. Glutamine, arginine, threonine, methionine and cysteine can also assist with relieving the post-weaning stress of young piglets by improving gut immunological functions, antioxidant capacity, and/or anti-inflammatory ability. Glutamine, glutamate, glycine and cysteine can assist to reconstruct the gut structure after its damage and reverse its dysfunction. Furthermore, methionine, lysine, threonine, and glutamate play key roles in affecting bacteria growth in the lumen. Overall, the previous studies with different AA showed both similar and different effects on the gut health, but how to take advantages of all these effects for field application is not clear. It is uncertain whether these AA effects are synergetic or antagonistic. The interactions between the effects of non-nutrient feed additives and the fundamental effects of AA warrant further investigation. Considering the global push to minimize the antibiotics and ZnO usage in swine production, a primary effort at present may be made to explore the specific effects of individual AA, and then the concert effects of multiple AA, on the profile and functions of gut microbiota in young pigs.
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Han H, Liu Z, Yin J, Gao J, He L, Wang C, Hou R, He X, Wang G, Li T, Yin Y. D-Galactose Induces Chronic Oxidative Stress and Alters Gut Microbiota in Weaned Piglets. Front Physiol 2021; 12:634283. [PMID: 33897450 PMCID: PMC8060641 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.634283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress commonly occurs in pig production, which can severely damage the intestinal function of weaned piglets. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of D-galactose with different levels used to induce chronic oxidative stress on growth performance, intestinal morphology and gut microbiota in weaned piglets. The results showed that addition of 10 and 20 g/kg BW D-galactose reduced average daily gain and average daily feed intake from the first to the third week. 10 g/kg BW D-galactose increased the concentration of serum MDA at the second and third week. 10 g/kg BW D-galactose significantly influenced the jejunal and ileal expressions of GPx1, CAT1, and MnSOD. The results of 16S rRNA sequencing showed that compared with the control, 10 and 20 g/kg BW D-galactose significantly decreased the relative abundance of Tenericutes, Erysipelotrichia, Erysipelotrichales, and Erysipelotrichaceae, while increased the relative abundance of Negativicutes, Selenomonnadales, and Veillonellaceae. The results indicated that treatment with 10 g/kg BW/day D-galactose for 3 weeks could induce chronic oxidative stress, reduce the growth performance and alter gut microbiota in weaned piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Han
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China.,State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zemin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China.,College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Yin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Jing Gao
- Research Institute of Oil Tea Camellia, Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Oil Tea Camellia, Changsha, China
| | - Liuqin He
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China.,Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Chenyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China.,College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ruoxin Hou
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China.,College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xingguo He
- Changsha Lvye Bio-Technology Co., Ltd., Changsha, China
| | - Guoqiang Wang
- Changsha Lvye Bio-Technology Co., Ltd., Changsha, China
| | - Tiejun Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China.,College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China.,College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
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Wang M, Zhang S, Zhong R, Wan F, Chen L, Liu L, Yi B, Zhang H. Olive Fruit Extracts Supplement Improve Antioxidant Capacity via Altering Colonic Microbiota Composition in Mice. Front Nutr 2021; 8:645099. [PMID: 33889594 PMCID: PMC8055859 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.645099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress, one of the most common biological dysfunctions, is usually associated with pathological conditions and multiple diseases in humans and animals. Chinese olive fruit (Canarium album L.) extracts (OE) are natural plant extracts rich in polyphenols (such as hydroxytyrosol, HT) and with antioxidant, anti-hyperlipidemia, and anti-inflammatory potentials. This study was conducted to investigate the antioxidant capacity of OE supplementation and its related molecular mechanism in mice. Mice (25.46 ± 1.65 g) were treated with 100 mg/kg body weight (BW) OE or saline solution for 4 weeks, and then the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacities of mice were examined. The results showed that OE supplement significantly increased the serum antioxidative enzyme activities of total antioxidant activity (T-AOC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and catalase and decreased the serum malondialdehyde (MDA) level, indicating that OE treatment enhanced the antioxidant capacity in mice. qPCR results showed that the transcriptional expression of antioxidant SOD1, CAT, Gpx1, and Gpx2 were significantly down-regulated in the small intestine (jejunum and ileum) after OE administration. Meanwhile, OE treatment significantly decreased the T-AOC and increased the MDA level in the small intestine. Furthermore, OE administration dramatically reduced the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1β), which confirmed its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacities with OE administration. Using amplicon sequencing technology, 16S rRNA sequencing results showed that OE supplement significantly increased the colonic Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, which also had a negative correlation with the serum MDA level and positively correlated with serum GSH-Px activity through Pearson correlation analysis. Besides that, Alloprevotella was negatively correlated with serum T-AOC. Colidextribacter was positively correlated with serum MDA and negatively correlated with serum T-AOC, SOD, and GSH-Px levels. In summary, this study showed that treatment with 100 mg/kg BW polyphenol-rich OE could alter colonic microbiota community, which was strongly associated with improved antioxidant capacity in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shunfen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ruqing Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Liang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bao Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongfu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Influences of Selenium-Enriched Yeast on Growth Performance, Immune Function, and Antioxidant Capacity in Weaned Pigs Exposure to Oxidative Stress. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:5533210. [PMID: 33855070 PMCID: PMC8019624 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5533210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This study elucidated the function role of dietary selenium-enriched yeast (SeY) supplementation on growth performance, immune function, and antioxidant capacity in weaned pigs exposure to oxidative stress. Thirty-two similarity weight pigs were randomly divided into four treatments: (1) nonchallenged control, (2) control+SeY, (3) control+diquat, and (4) control+SeY+diquat. The period of experiment was 21 days; on day 16, pigs were injected with diquat or sterile saline. Results revealed that oxidative stress was notably detrimental to the growth performance of piglets, but SeY supplementation ameliorated this phenomenon, which might be regarding the increasing of body antioxidant capacity and immune functions. In details, SeY supplementation improved the digestibility of crude protein (CP), ash, and gross energy (GE). Moreover, the serum concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6), glutamic-pyruvic transaminase(GPT), and glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) were reduced via SeY supplemented, and serum concentrations of immunoglobulins A (IgA), IgG, and activities of antioxidant enzymes such as the superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) ,and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were improved in the diquat-challenged pigs (P < 0.05). In addition, SeY supplementation acutely enhanced the activities of these antioxidant enzymes in the liver and thymus upon diquat challenge, which involved with the upregulation of the critical genes related antioxidant signaling such as the nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-related factor 2 (Nrf-2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) (P < 0.05). Importantly, we also found that SeY supplementation apparently reduced the malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations in the liver, thymus, and serum (P < 0.05). Specifically, the expression levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4), and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in the liver and thymus were downregulated by SeY upon diquat challenge. These results suggested that SeY can attenuate oxidative stress-induced growth retardation, which was associated with elevating body antioxidant capacity, immune functions, and suppressed inflammatory response.
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Chen F, Chen J, Chen Q, Yang L, Yin J, Li Y, Huang X. Lactobacillus delbrueckii Protected Intestinal Integrity, Alleviated Intestinal Oxidative Damage, and Activated Toll-Like Receptor-Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase-Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 Pathway in Weaned Piglets Challenged with Lipopolysaccharide. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10030468. [PMID: 33809627 PMCID: PMC8002333 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10030468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is increasingly being recognized as a player in the pathogenesis of intestinal pathologies, and probiotics are becoming an attractive means of addressing it. The present study investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with Lactobacillus delbrueckii (LAB) on intestinal integrity and oxidative damage in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-challenged piglets. A total of 36 crossbred weaned piglets (Duroc × Landrace × Large Yorkshire) were randomly divided into three groups: (1) non-challenged controls (CON), (2) LPS-challenged controls (LPS), and (3) 0.2% LAB (2.01 × 1010 CFU/g) + LPS treatment (LAB + LPS). On the 29th day of the experiment, the LPS and CON groups were injected intraperitoneally with LPS and saline at 100 ug/kg body weight, respectively. The results show that the LPS-induced elevation of the serum diamine oxidase (DAO) level and small intestinal crypt depth (CD) were reversed by the dietary addition of LAB, which also markedly increased the ileal expression of tight junction proteins (occludin, ZO-1, and claudin-1) in the LPS-challenged piglets. Furthermore, LAB supplementation normalized other LPS-induced changes, such as by decreasing malondialdehyde (MDA) in both the serum and intestinal mucosa and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in the jejunal mucosa, increasing glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in both the serum and intestinal mucosa, and increasing glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the jejunal mucosa. LAB also activated Toll-like receptor (TLR)–Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (Btk)–nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2) signaling pathways in the intestine, suggesting that it plays a vital role in the ameliorative antioxidant capacity of weaned piglets. In summary, LAB increased intestinal integrity by improving the intestinal structure and tight junctions while enhancing antioxidant functions via the activation of the TLR–Btk–Nrf2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengming Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (F.C.); (J.C.); (Q.C.); (L.Y.); (J.Y.)
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, CICAPS, Changsha 410128, China
- The Engineering Research Center of Feed Safety and Efficient Utilization, Education Ministry, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Jiayi Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (F.C.); (J.C.); (Q.C.); (L.Y.); (J.Y.)
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, CICAPS, Changsha 410128, China
- The Engineering Research Center of Feed Safety and Efficient Utilization, Education Ministry, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Qinghua Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (F.C.); (J.C.); (Q.C.); (L.Y.); (J.Y.)
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, CICAPS, Changsha 410128, China
- The Engineering Research Center of Feed Safety and Efficient Utilization, Education Ministry, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Lingyuan Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (F.C.); (J.C.); (Q.C.); (L.Y.); (J.Y.)
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, CICAPS, Changsha 410128, China
- The Engineering Research Center of Feed Safety and Efficient Utilization, Education Ministry, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Jie Yin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (F.C.); (J.C.); (Q.C.); (L.Y.); (J.Y.)
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, CICAPS, Changsha 410128, China
- The Engineering Research Center of Feed Safety and Efficient Utilization, Education Ministry, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yinghui Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (F.C.); (J.C.); (Q.C.); (L.Y.); (J.Y.)
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, CICAPS, Changsha 410128, China
- The Engineering Research Center of Feed Safety and Efficient Utilization, Education Ministry, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha 410128, China
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (X.H.)
| | - Xingguo Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (F.C.); (J.C.); (Q.C.); (L.Y.); (J.Y.)
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, CICAPS, Changsha 410128, China
- The Engineering Research Center of Feed Safety and Efficient Utilization, Education Ministry, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha 410128, China
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (X.H.)
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Chen S, Wu X, Duan J, Huang P, Li T, Yin Y, Yin J. Low-protein diets supplemented with glutamic acid or aspartic acid ameliorate intestinal damage in weaned piglets challenged with hydrogen peroxide. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 7:356-364. [PMID: 34258423 PMCID: PMC8245806 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2020.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Glutamic acid (Glu) and aspartic acid (Asp) are acidic amino acids with regulatory roles in nutrition, energy metabolism, and oxidative stress. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of low-protein diets supplemented with Glu and Asp on the intestinal barrier function and energy metabolism in weaned piglets challenged with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Forty piglets were randomly divided into 5 groups: NC, PC, PGA, PG, and PA (n = 8 for each group). Pigs in the NC and PC groups were fed a low-protein diet, while pigs in the PGA, PG, or PA groups were fed the low-protein diet supplemented with 2.0% Glu +1.0% Asp, 2.0% Glu, or 1.0% Asp, respectively. On day 8 and 11, pigs in the NC group were intraperitoneally injected with saline (1 mL/kg BW), while pigs in the other groups were intraperitoneally administered 10% H2O2 (1 mL/kg BW). On day 14, all pigs were sacrificed to collect jejunum and ileum following the blood sample collection in the morning. Notably, low-protein diets supplemented with Glu or Asp ameliorated the intestinal oxidative stress response in H2O2-challenged piglets by decreasing intestinal expression of genes (P < 0.05) (e.g., manganese superoxide dismutase [MnSOD], glutathione peroxidase [Gpx]-1, and Gpx-4) encoding oxidative stress-associated proteins, reducing the serum concentration of diamine oxidase (P < 0.05), and inhibiting apoptosis of the intestinal epithelium. Glu and Asp supplementation attenuated the upregulated expression of energy metabolism-associated genes (such as hexokinase and carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1) and the H2O2-induced activation of acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase (ACC) in the jejunum and adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase–acetyl-ACC signaling in the ileum. Dietary Glu and Asp also ameliorated intestinal barrier damage as indicated by restored intestinal histology and morphology. In conclusion, low-protein diets supplemented with Glu and Asp protected against oxidative stress-induced intestinal dysfunction in piglets, suggesting that this approach could be used as a nutritional regulatory protectant against oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agriculture University; Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha, 410128, China.,Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xin Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agriculture University; Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Jielin Duan
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China
| | - Pan Huang
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China
| | - Tiejun Li
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agriculture University; Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha, 410128, China.,Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jie Yin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agriculture University; Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha, 410128, China.,Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China
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Shili CN, Habibi M, Sutton J, Barnes J, Burch-Konda J, Pezeshki A. Effect of a Phytogenic Water Additive on Growth Performance, Blood Metabolites and Gene Expression of Amino Acid Transporters in Nursery Pigs Fed with Low-Protein/High-Carbohydrate Diets. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11020555. [PMID: 33672517 PMCID: PMC7923792 DOI: 10.3390/ani11020555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Low-protein (LP) diets can be potentially used to reduce the excretion of nitrogenous compounds and feed cost in commercial swine production; however, new strategies are required to be developed to improve the growth performance of pigs receiving these diets. Little is known about the effect of phytogenic additives on the performance of pigs fed with LP diets and the underlying factors involved. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of a phytogenic water additive (PWA) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood metabolites, plasma amino acid (AA) concentration, and gut and skeletal muscle AA transporters in nursery pigs fed with LP diets. Supplemental PWA increased the concentration of circulating essential AA, reduced the transcript of some of the AA transporters in the small intestine and skeletal muscle, improved growth performance when the dietary protein was adequate, and increased muscle lean%, but reduced muscle fat% when the dietary protein was deficient. The used PWA in this study had differential effects on blood calcium and its digestibility depending on the level of dietary protein. This study suggests that PWA can be used for improving the meat composition in protein-restricted pigs, but PWA improves growth performance only when dietary protein is adequate. Abstract The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of a phytogenic water additive (PWA) on growth performance and underlying factors involved in pigs fed with low-protein (LP)/high-carbohydrate diets. Forty-eight weaned barrows were allotted to six treatments for 4 weeks: CON-NS, control (CON) diet-no PWA; CON-LS, CON diet-low dose PWA (4 mL/L); CON-HS, CON diet-high dose PWA (8 mL/L); LP-NS, LP diet-no PWA; LP-LS, LP diet-low dose PWA; LP-HS, LP diet-high dose PWA. Relative to CON-NS, pigs fed with CON-HS had increased average daily gain, body weight and serum calcium (Ca) and phosphorous (P) and had decreased mRNA abundance of solute carrier family 7 member 11 and solute carrier family 6 member 19 in jejunum. Compared to LP-NS, pigs fed with LP-HS had increased muscle lean%, decreased muscle fat%, decreased serum Ca and increased serum P. Compared to their NS counterparts, CON-LS, CON-HS, and LP-LS increased the concentration of plasma essential AA and those fed with CON-HS and LP-HS tended to reduce the abundance of the solute carrier family 7 member 1 transcript in skeletal muscle. Thus, PWA improved the performance of weaned pigs fed with protein-adequate diets likely through increased blood essential AA and affected the muscle composition when dietary protein was deficient.
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Kyoung H, Lee JJ, Cho JH, Choe J, Kang J, Lee H, Liu Y, Kim Y, Kim HB, Song M. Dietary Glutamic Acid Modulates Immune Responses and Gut Health of Weaned Pigs. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11020504. [PMID: 33671988 PMCID: PMC7919271 DOI: 10.3390/ani11020504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Weaning stress can lead to intestinal barrier dysfunction, immune system destruction, and intestinal microbiota disruption, thereby reducing the absorption of nutrients and causing intestinal diseases. Glutamic acid is a non-essential amino acid that is abundantly present in the body and plays an essential function in cellular metabolism and immune responses. In this study, the effects of dietary glutamic acid on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, immune responses, and intestinal health of weaned pigs were evaluated. Based on the results, dietary glutamic acid increased growth performance, nutrient digestibility, intestinal morphology, and ileal gene expression of tight junction proteins of weaned pigs and modified immune responses and gut microbiota. This study provides information to understand the functional use of dietary glutamic acid as a feed additive for improving the growth performance and intestinal health of weaned pigs. Abstract Dietary glutamic acid (GLU) is used as a feed additive because of its functional characteristics that may affect the growth performance and health of pigs. This study was carried out to determine the effects of dietary GLU on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, immune responses, and intestinal health of weaned pigs. A total of ninety-six weaned pigs (8.07 ± 1.17 kg of body weight; 28 days of age) were assigned to two dietary treatments (8 pigs/pen; 6 replicates/treatment) in a randomized complete block design (block: body weight): (1) a typical weaner diet (CON) and (2) CON supplemented with 0.5% GLU. The experimental period was for 4 weeks. All data and sample collections were performed at the specific time points during the experimental period. Pigs fed GLU had higher average daily gain and average daily feed intake for the first two weeks and nutrient digestibility than pigs fed CON. In addition, dietary GLU increased villus height to crypt depth ratio, number of goblet cells, and ileal gene expression of claudin family and occludin compared with CON, but decreased serum TNF-α and IL-6 and ileal gene expression of TNF-α. Moreover, pigs fed GLU had increased relative composition of bacterial communities of genus Prevotella and Anaerovibrio and decreased genus Clostridium and Terrisporobacter compared with those fed CON. This study suggests that dietary GLU influences growth performance and health of weaned pigs by modulating nutrient digestibility, intestinal morphology, ileal gene expression of tight junction proteins and cytokines, immune responses, and microbial community in the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunjin Kyoung
- Division of Animal and Dairy Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (H.K.); (J.J.L.); (J.K.)
| | - Jeong Jae Lee
- Division of Animal and Dairy Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (H.K.); (J.J.L.); (J.K.)
| | - Jin Ho Cho
- Division of Food and Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea;
| | - Jeehwan Choe
- Department of Beef Science, Korea National College of Agriculture and Fisheries, Jeonju 54874, Korea;
| | - Joowon Kang
- Division of Animal and Dairy Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (H.K.); (J.J.L.); (J.K.)
| | - Hanbae Lee
- Pathway Intermediates, Seoul 06253, Korea;
| | - Yanhong Liu
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
| | - Younghoon Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research, Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea;
| | - Hyeun Bum Kim
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
- Correspondence: (H.B.K.); (M.S.)
| | - Minho Song
- Division of Animal and Dairy Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (H.K.); (J.J.L.); (J.K.)
- Correspondence: (H.B.K.); (M.S.)
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50
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Pediococcus pentosaceus ZJUAF-4 relieves oxidative stress and restores the gut microbiota in diquat-induced intestinal injury. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:1657-1668. [PMID: 33475796 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11111-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) play a key role in promoting health and preventing diseases because of their beneficial effects, such as antimicrobial activities, modulating immune responses, maintaining the gut epithelial barrier and antioxidant capacity. However, the mechanisms with which LAB relieve oxidative stress and intestinal injury induced by diquat in vivo are poorly understood. In the present study, Pediococcus pentosaceus ZJUAF-4 (LAB, ZJUAF-4), a selected probiotics strain with strong antioxidant capacities, was appointed to evaluate the efficiency against oxidative stress in diquat-induced intestinal injury of mice. Alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were analyzed to estimate the liver injury. The intestinal permeability was evaluated by 4 kDa fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextran (FD4), D-lactate (DLA), and diamine oxidase (DAO) levels. Jejunum reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was examined by dihydroethidium (DHE) staining. Western blotting was used to detect the expression of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived-2)-like 2 (Nrf2) and its downstream genes in jejunum. The gut microbiota was analyzed by high-throughput sequencing method based on the 16S rRNA genes. The results showed that ZJUAF-4 pretreatment was found to protect the intestinal barrier function and maintain intestinal redox homeostasis under diquat stimulation. Moreover, oral administration of ZJUAF-4 increased the expression of Nrf2 and its downstream genes. High-throughput sequencing analysis indicated that ZJUAF-4 contributed to restoring the gut microbiota influenced by diquat. Our results suggested that ZJUAF-4 protected the intestinal barrier from oxidative stress-induced damage by modulating the Nrf2 pathway and gut microbiota, indicating that ZJUAF-4 may have potential applications in preventing and treating oxidative stress-related intestinal diseases. KEY POINTS: • ZJUAF-4 exerted protective effects against diquat-induced intestinal injury. • Activation of Nrf2 and its downstream targets towards oxidative stress. • ZJUAF-4 administration restoring gut microbiota.
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