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Li X, Lindholm B. The role of irisin in kidney diseases. Clin Chim Acta 2024; 554:117756. [PMID: 38218331 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2023.117756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Irisin is a hormone that is produced mainly by skeletal muscles in response to exercise. It has been found to have a close correlation with obesity and diabetes mellitus for its energy expenditure and metabolic properties. Recent research has revealed that irisin also possesses anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative and anti-apoptotic properties, which make it associated with major chronic diseases, such as chronic kidney disease (CKD), liver diseases, osteoporosis, atherosclerosis and Alzheimer s disease. The identification of irisin has not only opened up new possibilities for monitoring metabolic and non-metabolic diseases but also presents a promising therapeutic target due to its multiple biological functions. Studies have shown that circulating irisin levels are lower in CKD patients than in non-CKD patients and decrease with increasing CKD stage. Furthermore, irisin also plays a role in many CKD-related complications like protein energy wasting (PEW), cardiovascular disease (CVD) and chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD). In this review, we present the current knowledge on the role of irisin in kidney diseases and their complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiejia Li
- Department of Nephrology, The 2nd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Renal Medicine and Baxter Novum, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Bengt Lindholm
- Renal Medicine and Baxter Novum, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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2
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Li H, Kong D, Zhao Y, Liu X, Xiao F, Li X, Hu J, Chen Y, Li S, Wang B, Chen Y, Jiang Y, Liu X, Feng X, Guo Y, Feng X, Ren J, Wang F, Han Y, Donelan W, Yang L, Xu D, Tang D, Zheng C. Irisin protected hemopoietic stem cells and improved outcome of severe bone marrow failure. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 169:115863. [PMID: 37952356 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Acquired aplastic anemia (AA) is a bone marrow failure (BMF) disease, characterized by fatty bone marrow (BM) and BM hypocellularity resulted from auto-immune dysregulated T cells-mediated destruction of BM haemopoietic stem cells (HPSC). The objective of this study was to investigate potential therapeutic effect of irisin, a molecule involved in adipose tissue transition, on AA mouse model. Our results showed that the concentration of irisin in serum was lower in AA patients than in healthy controls, suggesting a role of irisin in the pathogenesis of AA. In the AA mice, irisin administration prolonged the survival rate, prevented or attenuated peripheral pancytopenia, and preserved HPSC in the BM. Moreover, irisin also markedly reduced BM adipogenesis. In vitro results showed that irisin increased both cell proliferation and colony numbers of HPSC. Furthermore, our results demonstrated that irisin upregulated the expression of mitochondrial ATPase Inhibitory Factor 1 (IF1) in HPSC, inhibited the activation of mitochondrial fission protein (DRP1) and enhanced aerobic glycolysis. Taken together, our findings indicate novel roles of irisin in the pathogenesis of AA, and in the protection of HPSC through stimulation of proliferation and regulation of mitochondria function, which provides a proof-of-concept for the application of irisin in AA therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Center for Gene and Immunotherapy, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Dexiao Kong
- Hematology Department, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China; Institute of Biotherapy for Hematological Malignancies, Shandong University, Jinan, China; Shandong University-Karolinska Institute Collaborative Laboratory for Stem Cell Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yi Zhao
- Center for Gene and Immunotherapy, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xia Liu
- Department of Respiratory Intervention, Qilu Children's Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Fang Xiao
- Department of Health Care and Geriatrics, the Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- Hematology Department, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jianting Hu
- Shandong Pharmaceutical Academy, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Drugs, Jinan, China
| | - Yingjie Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shengli Li
- Department of Hematology of Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, China
| | - Baozhu Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yuan Chen
- Central Research Laboratory, The second hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yang Jiang
- Hematology Department, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China; Institute of Biotherapy for Hematological Malignancies, Shandong University, Jinan, China; Shandong University-Karolinska Institute Collaborative Laboratory for Stem Cell Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- Hematology Department, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China; Institute of Biotherapy for Hematological Malignancies, Shandong University, Jinan, China; Shandong University-Karolinska Institute Collaborative Laboratory for Stem Cell Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiumei Feng
- Shandong University-Karolinska Institute Collaborative Laboratory for Stem Cell Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yanan Guo
- Hematology Department, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoli Feng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jing Ren
- Hematology Department, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Institute of Medical Sciences, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ying Han
- Institute of Medical Sciences, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - William Donelan
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Lijun Yang
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Dawei Xu
- Shandong University-Karolinska Institute Collaborative Laboratory for Stem Cell Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China; Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Center for Molecular Medicine (CMM) and Bioclinicum, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dongqi Tang
- Center for Gene and Immunotherapy, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
| | - Chengyun Zheng
- Hematology Department, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China; Institute of Biotherapy for Hematological Malignancies, Shandong University, Jinan, China; Shandong University-Karolinska Institute Collaborative Laboratory for Stem Cell Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
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Wiecek M, Szymura J, Kusmierczyk J, Lipowska M, Szygula Z. Whole-Body Cryotherapy Improves Asprosin Secretion and Insulin Sensitivity in Postmenopausal Women-Perspectives in the Management of Type 2 Diabetes. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1602. [PMID: 38002284 PMCID: PMC10669023 DOI: 10.3390/biom13111602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is a global problem. The effect of whole-body cryotherapy (WBC) on metabolism in humans is postulated. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of WBC on asprosin concentrations, glucose homeostasis and insulin resistance in postmenopausal women with T2DM. Changes in fasting blood glucose (FBG), glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), insulin, asprosin, insulin-resistance indices (HOMA-IR, Quicki), the triglyceride-glucose index (TyG) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were determined. Determination was carried out after 30 WBCs (3 min, -120 °C), applied in six series of five treatments, with 2-day breaks in postmenopausal women with T2DM and the results were compared to changes in postmenopausal women without T2DM (CON). Blood was collected before 1 WBC (T0), after 30 WBCs (T1) and 2 weeks after their completion (T2). In the T2DM group, there was a significant decrease in FBG and HbA1c in T1 and T2, as well as a significant decrease in insulin, HOMA-IR and CRP, and an increase in the Quicki index in T2. In the CON group, the concentration of asprosin at T2 was significantly lower than at T0. There was a significantly positive correlation between asprosin and FBG and HOMA-IR, and a trend towards a decrease of asprosin concentration in T2 in postmenopausal women with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Wiecek
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Physical Education in Kraków, 31-571 Kraków, Poland
| | - Jadwiga Szymura
- Department of Clinical Rehabilitation, University of Physical Education in Kraków, 31-571 Kraków, Poland
| | - Justyna Kusmierczyk
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Physical Education in Kraków, 31-571 Kraków, Poland
| | - Maria Lipowska
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Physical Education in Kraków, 31-571 Kraków, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Szygula
- Department of Sports Medicine and Human Nutrition, University of Physical Education in Kraków, 31-571 Kraków, Poland
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Tomasello L, Pitrone M, Guarnotta V, Giordano C, Pizzolanti G. Irisin: A Possible Marker of Adipose Tissue Dysfunction in Obesity. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12082. [PMID: 37569456 PMCID: PMC10419191 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue (AT) secretes pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines involved in AT homeostasis, including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) and irisin. The functionality of AT is based on a regulated equilibrium between adipogenesis and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling. We investigated the contributions of adipose progenitors (ASCs) and adipocytes (AMCs) to TNFα-induced ECM remodeling and a possible implication of irisin in AT impairment in obesity. ASCs and AMCs were exposed to TNFα treatment and nuclear factor-kappa (NF-kB) pathway was investigated: Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase (TIMP-1), Twist Family Transcription Factor 1 (TWIST-1), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) expression levels were analyzed. The proteolytic activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) -2 and -9 was analyzed by zymography, and the irisin protein content was measured by ELISA. In inflamed AMCs, a TIMP-1/TWIST-1 imbalance leads to a drop in PPARγ. Adipogenesis and lipid storage ability impairment come with local tissue remodeling due to MMP-9 overactivation. In vitro and ex vivo measurements confirm positive correlations among inflammation, adipose secreting irisin levels, and circulating irisin levels in patients with visceral obesity. Our findings identify the NF-kB downstream effectors as molecular initiators of AT dysfunction and suggest irisin as a possible AT damage and obesity predictive factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Tomasello
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Regenenerative Medicine “Aldo Galluzzo”, Università di Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (M.P.); (V.G.); (C.G.)
- Dipartimento Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (Promise), Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico Paolo Giaccone, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria Pitrone
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Regenenerative Medicine “Aldo Galluzzo”, Università di Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (M.P.); (V.G.); (C.G.)
| | - Valentina Guarnotta
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Regenenerative Medicine “Aldo Galluzzo”, Università di Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (M.P.); (V.G.); (C.G.)
- Dipartimento Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (Promise), Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico Paolo Giaccone, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Carla Giordano
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Regenenerative Medicine “Aldo Galluzzo”, Università di Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (M.P.); (V.G.); (C.G.)
- Dipartimento Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (Promise), Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico Paolo Giaccone, 90127 Palermo, Italy
- ATeN Center—Advanced Technologies Network Center, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Pizzolanti
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Regenenerative Medicine “Aldo Galluzzo”, Università di Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (M.P.); (V.G.); (C.G.)
- Dipartimento Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (Promise), Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico Paolo Giaccone, 90127 Palermo, Italy
- ATeN Center—Advanced Technologies Network Center, 90127 Palermo, Italy
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Martínez-Fernández L, Burgos M, Sáinz N, Laiglesia LM, Arbones-Mainar JM, González-Muniesa P, Moreno-Aliaga MJ. Maresin 1 Exerts a Tissue-Specific Regulation of Adipo-Hepato-Myokines in Diet-Induced Obese Mice and Modulates Adipokine Expression in Cultured Human Adipocytes in Basal and Inflammatory Conditions. Biomolecules 2023; 13:919. [PMID: 37371501 DOI: 10.3390/biom13060919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study analyses the effects of Maresin 1 (MaR1), a docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-derived specialized proresolving lipid mediator with anti-inflammatory and insulin-sensitizing actions, on the expression of adipokines, including adiponectin, leptin, dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4), cardiotrophin-1 (CT-1), and irisin (FNDC5), both in vitro and in in vivo models of obesity. The in vivo effects of MaR1 (50 μg/kg, 10 days, oral gavage) were evaluated in epididymal adipose tissue (eWAT), liver and muscle of diet-induced obese (DIO) mice. Moreover, two models of human differentiated primary adipocytes were incubated with MaR1 (1 and 10 nM, 24 h) or with a combination of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α, 100 ng/mL) and MaR1 (1-200 nM, 24 h) and the expression and secretion of adipokines were measured in both models. MaR1-treated DIO mice exhibited an increased expression of adiponectin and Ct-1 in eWAT, increased expression of Fndc5 and Ct-1 in muscle and a decreased expression of hepatic Dpp-4. In human differentiated adipocytes, MaR1 increased the expression of ADIPONECTIN, LEPTIN, DPP4, CT-1 and FNDC5. Moreover, MaR1 counteracted the downregulation of ADIPONECTIN and the upregulation of DPP-4 and LEPTIN observed in adipocytes treated with TNF-α. Differential effects for TNF-α and MaR1 on the expression of CT-1 and FNDC5 were observed between both models of human adipocytes. In conclusion, MaR1 reverses the expression of specific adipomyokines and hepatokines altered in obese mice in a tissue-dependent manner. Moreover, MaR1 regulates the basal expression of adipokines in human adipocytes and counteracts the alterations of adipokines expression induced by TNF-α in vitro. These actions could contribute to the metabolic benefits of this lipid mediator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyre Martínez-Fernández
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Miguel Burgos
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- IDISNA-Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Neira Sáinz
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Laura M Laiglesia
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - José Miguel Arbones-Mainar
- Adipocyte and Fat Biology Laboratory (AdipoFat), Unidad de Investigación Traslacional, Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Aragón, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro González-Muniesa
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- IDISNA-Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - María J Moreno-Aliaga
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- IDISNA-Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Cosio PL, Pelaez M, Cadefau JA, Farran-Codina A. Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Circulating Irisin Levels Following Endurance Training: Results of Continuous and Interval Training. Biol Res Nurs 2022:10998004221142580. [DOI: 10.1177/10998004221142580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Background Irisin has been suggested as a helpful hormone for adverse metabolic conditions. However, the interaction between acute endurance exercises and irisin is still unclear. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine the acute effect of endurance training, either continuous or interval training, on circulating irisin in healthy adults. Methods Literature search was conducted in Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus and CINAHL until September 2022. Clinical trials measuring irisin levels following a single session of interval or continuous endurance training in healthy adults were eligible. Cohen’s d effect size (95% confidence level), subgroup analyses and univariate meta-regression were calculated using a random-effects model. The procedures described by PRISMA were followed and the protocol was prospectively registered with PROSPERO (CRD 42021240971). Results Data of the 16 included studies comprising 412 individuals showed a significant increase following one session of continuous endurance training (d = 0.33, 95% CI: 0.20 to 0.46 , p < 0.001), while interval training did not change circulating irisin (d = 0.16, 95% CI: −0.12 to 0.44 , p = 0.202). Both subgroup and univariate meta-regression analyses showed non-significant differences in the change of circulating irisin comparing blood measurement, exercise mode or previous level of physical activity of the participants and circulating irisin at baseline, duration, or intensity of the exercise, respectively. Conclusion Continuous method for endurance training increases circulating irisin in healthy adults, while studies measuring circulating irisin following interval training in healthy adults are still limited to be conclusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro L. Cosio
- Institut Nacional d'Educació Física de Catalunya (INEFC), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mireia Pelaez
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, Santander, Spain
- Onkologikoa Fundazioa, Donostia, Spain
| | - Joan A. Cadefau
- Institut Nacional d'Educació Física de Catalunya (INEFC), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andreu Farran-Codina
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science, and Gastronomy, XIA, INSA-UB, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
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Li Y, Xu Z. Association between irisin and metabolic parameters in nondiabetic, nonobese adults: a meta-analysis. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2022; 14:152. [PMID: 36271416 PMCID: PMC9585756 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-022-00922-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Irisin has been proposed to have a beneficial influence on the metabolic status of animals and humans. However, the relationship between circulating irisin levels and the risks of metabolic components in humans remains unclear. In the present meta-analysis, we aimed to evaluate the association between circulating irisin and metabolic parameters in nonobese, nondiabetic adults. METHODS We searched PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science and ClinicalTrial.gov using the main search terms and identified original articles published prior to March 7, 2022. Studies that met our inclusion criteria and reported the association between irisin and metabolic parameters were included in our meta-analysis. We used the Newcastle Ottawa scale to assess the quality of the included studies. RESULTS A total of 14 studies (711 subjects) in 11 articles were included for qualitative and quantitative synthesis. The pooled results showed that circulating irisin was positively and significantly correlated with fasting blood glucose (r = 0.159), HOMA-IR (r = 0.217) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) (r = 0.168). However, no significant association was detected between irisin levels and other metabolic parameters. CONCLUSIONS Thus, these findings indicated the possible link between irisin levels and part of the metabolic parameters in apparently metabolically normal individuals. However, the regulation of irisin in metabolism in humans remains to be fully elucidated, and well-designed prospective studies will be needed in the future. Trial registration The review protocol was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO): CRD42022315269.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian, China.
| | - Zhenbin Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian, China
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Daudon M, Ramé C, Estienne A, Price C, Dupont J. Impact of fibronectin type III domain-containing family in the changes in metabolic and hormonal profiles during peripartum period in dairy cows. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:960778. [PMID: 35968020 PMCID: PMC9363589 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.960778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The peripartum period in dairy cows is frequently associated with excessive lipolysis due to Negative Energy Balance (NEB). These metabolic disorders are the cause of various pathologies. Some metabolites such as β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) and Non-Esterified Fatty Acids (NEFA) are known to be biomarkers of NEB in dairy cows. The involvement of adipokines, including adiponectin and leptin, during fat mobilization in the peripartum period is well described, but little is known about the impact of myokines at this time. Fibronectin type III domain-containing proteins (FNDC) are myokines and adipokines recently discovered to play a role in metabolic dysfunctions. This study aimed to evaluate some FNDCs (FNDC5, 4, 3A and B) as potential plasma and adipose tissue indicators of NEB in cattle. We measured plasma FNDC concentrations and adipose tissue FNDC gene expression during the peripartum period, 4 weeks before the estimated calving day (4WAP), one (1WPP) and 16 (16WPP) weeks postpartum in two groups of dairy cows with low NEB (LNEB, n = 8) and high NEB (HNEB, n = 13) at 1WPP. Using specific bovine ELISAs, only plasma FNDC5 concentrations varied during the peripartum period in both LNEB and HNEB animals; concentrations were higher at 1WPP as compared to 4WAP and 16 WPP. FNDC5 plasma concentrations was negatively correlated with dry matter intake, live body weight, variation of empty body weight and glucose concentrations, and positively correlated with plasma non-esterified fatty acids and BHBA concentrations. Subcutaneous adipose tissue contained abundant FNDC5 mRNA and protein, as measured by RT-qPCR and immunoblotting, respectively. We also observed that FNDC5 mRNA abundance in subcutaneous adipose tissue was higher at 1 WPP as compared to 4WAP and 16WPP in HNEB cows and higher at 1 WPP as compared to 4 WAP in LNEB cows, and was higher in HNEB than in LNEB animals during early lactation. Finally, we showed that recombinant human irisin (a fragmented product of FNDC5) increased the release of glycerol and abundance of mRNA encoding adipose triglyceride lipase and hormone-sensitive-lipase in bovine and human adipose tissue explants. In conclusion, FNDC5 is expressed in bovine adipose tissue and may be involved in lipid mobilization and regulation of NEB in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Daudon
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, Breeding system and Animal Physiology Department, Nouzilly, France
- Centre de Recherche en Reproduction et Fertilité, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Christelle Ramé
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, Breeding system and Animal Physiology Department, Nouzilly, France
| | - Anthony Estienne
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, Breeding system and Animal Physiology Department, Nouzilly, France
| | - Christopher Price
- Centre de Recherche en Reproduction et Fertilité, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
- Christopher Price
| | - Joëlle Dupont
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, Breeding system and Animal Physiology Department, Nouzilly, France
- *Correspondence: Joëlle Dupont
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Shen S, Liao Q, Chen X, Peng C, Lin L. The role of irisin in metabolic flexibility: beyond adipose tissue browning. Drug Discov Today 2022; 27:2261-2267. [PMID: 35364272 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2022.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic flexibility is the ability to adapt to physiological and environmental changes in metabolic demand. Irisin was originally discovered as an exercise-induced myokine involved in fat browning. In this review, we summarize emerging evidence for the role of irisin in regulating glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle, neuroplasticity and satiety in central nervous system, β cell function and insulin secretion in the pancreas, bone remodeling, and adipose tissue function, which together orchestrate whole-body metabolic flexibility. Irisin is a key communicating mediator between skeletal muscle and other organs, and its manipulation could be a promising therapeutic strategy for treating obesity and related metabolic disorders. Teaser: This review summarizes recent progress in manipulating metabolic flexibility with irisin, and discusses its potential application as a drug target to treat obesity and related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau; Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiwen Liao
- School of Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiuping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ligen Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau.
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10
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Lan D, Li S, Tang W, Zhao Z, Luo M, Yuan S, Xu J, Wang Y. Glycerol is Released from a New Path in MGL Lipase Catalytic Process. J Chem Inf Model 2021; 62:2248-2256. [PMID: 34873908 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.1c00708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Traditionally, it is believed that the substrate and products of a monoacylglycerol lipase (MGL) share the same path to enter and exit the catalytic site. Glycerol (a product of MGL), however, was recently hypothesized to be released through a different path. In order to improve the catalytic efficacy and thermo-stability of MGL, it is important to articulate the pathways of a MGL products releasing. In this study, with structure biological approaches, biochemical experiments, and in silico methods, we prove that glycerol is released from a different path in the catalytic site indeed. The fatty acid (another product of MGL) does share the same binding path with the substrate. This discovery paves a new road to design MGL inhibitors or optimize MGL catalytic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongming Lan
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Research Center of Lipid Science and Applied Engineering Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, P.R. China
| | - Shu Li
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, P.R. China
| | - Wei Tang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Research Center of Lipid Science and Applied Engineering Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, P.R. China
| | - Zexin Zhao
- School of Biology and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, P.R. China
| | - Mupeng Luo
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, P.R. China
| | - Shuguang Yuan
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, P.R. China
| | - Jun Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, 132 East Circle at University City, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yonghua Wang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Research Center of Lipid Science and Applied Engineering Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, P.R. China
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11
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Fibronectin type III domain-containing 5 in cardiovascular and metabolic diseases: a promising biomarker and therapeutic target. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2021; 42:1390-1400. [PMID: 33214697 PMCID: PMC8379181 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-020-00557-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular and metabolic diseases are the leading causes of death and disability worldwide and impose a tremendous socioeconomic burden on individuals as well as the healthcare system. Fibronectin type III domain-containing 5 (FNDC5) is a widely distributed transmembrane glycoprotein that can be proteolytically cleaved and secreted as irisin to regulate glycolipid metabolism and cardiovascular homeostasis. In this review, we present the current knowledge on the predictive and therapeutic role of FNDC5 in a variety of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, ischemic heart disease, arrhythmia, metabolic cardiomyopathy, cardiac remodeling, heart failure, diabetes mellitus, and obesity.
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12
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Kim JS, Galvão DA, Newton RU, Gray E, Taaffe DR. Exercise-induced myokines and their effect on prostate cancer. Nat Rev Urol 2021; 18:519-542. [PMID: 34158658 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-021-00476-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Exercise is recognized by clinicians in the field of clinical oncology for its potential role in reducing the risk of certain cancers and in reducing the risk of disease recurrence and progression; yet, the underlying mechanisms behind this reduction in risk are not fully understood. Studies applying post-exercise blood serum directly to various types of cancer cell lines provide insight that exercise might have a role in inhibiting cancer growth via altered soluble and cell-free blood contents. Myokines, which are cytokines produced by muscle and secreted into the bloodstream, might offer multiple benefits to cellular metabolism (such as a reduction in insulin resistance, improved glucose uptake and reduced adiposity), and blood myokine levels can be altered with exercise. Alterations in the levels of myokines such as IL-6, IL-15, IL-10, irisin, secreted protein acidic risk in cysteine (SPARC), myostatin, oncostatin M and decorin might exert a direct inhibitory effect on cancer growth via inhibiting proliferation, promoting apoptosis, inducing cell-cycle arrest and inhibiting the epithermal transition to mesenchymal cells. The association of insulin resistance, hyperinsulinaemia and hyperlipidaemia with obesity can create a tumour-favourable environment; exercise-induced myokines can manipulate this environment by regulating adipose tissue and adipocytes. Exercise-induced myokines also have a critical role in increasing cytotoxicity and the infiltration of immune cells into the tumour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Soo Kim
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.,School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Daniel A Galvão
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia. .,School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.
| | - Robert U Newton
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.,School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Elin Gray
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Dennis R Taaffe
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.,School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
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13
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The Role of Peptide Hormones Discovered in the 21st Century in the Regulation of Adipose Tissue Functions. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12050756. [PMID: 34067710 PMCID: PMC8155905 DOI: 10.3390/genes12050756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptide hormones play a prominent role in controlling energy homeostasis and metabolism. They have been implicated in controlling appetite, the function of the gastrointestinal and cardiovascular systems, energy expenditure, and reproduction. Furthermore, there is growing evidence indicating that peptide hormones and their receptors contribute to energy homeostasis regulation by interacting with white and brown adipose tissue. In this article, we review and discuss the literature addressing the role of selected peptide hormones discovered in the 21st century (adropin, apelin, elabela, irisin, kisspeptin, MOTS-c, phoenixin, spexin, and neuropeptides B and W) in controlling white and brown adipogenesis. Furthermore, we elaborate how these hormones control adipose tissue functions in vitro and in vivo.
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14
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Cosio PL, Crespo-Posadas M, Velarde-Sotres Á, Pelaez M. Effect of Chronic Resistance Training on Circulating Irisin: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18052476. [PMID: 33802329 PMCID: PMC7967601 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18052476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Irisin seems to play an important role in several chronic diseases, however, the interactions between chronic training and irisin are still unclear. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to examine the effect of chronic resistance training on circulating irisin in adults. Literature search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science and EBSCOhost (Academic Search Complete) until December 2020. Randomized controlled trials researching irisin levels after a resistance training program for at least 8 weeks among an adult population were eligible. Other inclusion criteria comprised recruiting a control group and reporting circulating irisin through ELISA kits. Cohen's d effect size and subgroup analyses (95% confidence level) were calculated using a random effects analysis model. Data of the seven included studies comprising 282 individuals showed an increasing and non-significant tendency after a resistance training program (d = 0.58, 95% CI: -0.25 to 1.40, p = 0.17). Subgroup analyses showed significant increases for the older adults group (p < 0.001) and when training is demanding and progressive in terms of intensity (p = 0.03). Data suggest that resistance training programs seem to increase circulating irisin, especially in older adults and in demanding and progressive training programs. However, more studies should be conducted using robust measurement methods, such as mass spectrometry, to better understand the interaction between chronic resistance exercise and irisin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro L. Cosio
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, 39011 Santander, Spain; (M.C.-P.); (Á.V.-S.); (M.P.)
- National Institute of Physical Education and Sport of Catalonia (INEFC), University of Barcelona, 08038 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Manuel Crespo-Posadas
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, 39011 Santander, Spain; (M.C.-P.); (Á.V.-S.); (M.P.)
| | - Álvaro Velarde-Sotres
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, 39011 Santander, Spain; (M.C.-P.); (Á.V.-S.); (M.P.)
| | - Mireia Pelaez
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, 39011 Santander, Spain; (M.C.-P.); (Á.V.-S.); (M.P.)
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15
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Marrano N, Biondi G, Borrelli A, Cignarelli A, Perrini S, Laviola L, Giorgino F, Natalicchio A. Irisin and Incretin Hormones: Similarities, Differences, and Implications in Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity. Biomolecules 2021; 11:286. [PMID: 33671882 PMCID: PMC7918991 DOI: 10.3390/biom11020286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Incretins are gut hormones that potentiate glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) after meals. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is the most investigated incretin hormone, synthesized mainly by L cells in the lower gut tract. GLP-1 promotes β-cell function and survival and exerts beneficial effects in different organs and tissues. Irisin, a myokine released in response to a high-fat diet and exercise, enhances GSIS. Similar to GLP-1, irisin augments insulin biosynthesis and promotes accrual of β-cell functional mass. In addition, irisin and GLP-1 share comparable pleiotropic effects and activate similar intracellular pathways. The insulinotropic and extra-pancreatic effects of GLP-1 are reduced in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients but preserved at pharmacological doses. GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) are therefore among the most widely used antidiabetes drugs, also considered for their cardiovascular benefits and ability to promote weight loss. Irisin levels are lower in T2D patients, and in diabetic and/or obese animal models irisin administration improves glycemic control and promotes weight loss. Interestingly, recent evidence suggests that both GLP-1 and irisin are also synthesized within the pancreatic islets, in α- and β-cells, respectively. This review aims to describe the similarities between GLP-1 and irisin and to propose a new potential axis-involving the gut, muscle, and endocrine pancreas that controls energy homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Francesco Giorgino
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, I-70124 Bari, Italy; (N.M.); (G.B.); (A.B.); (A.C.); (S.P.); (L.L.); (A.N.)
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16
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Pervin S, Reddy ST, Singh R. Novel Roles of Follistatin/Myostatin in Transforming Growth Factor-β Signaling and Adipose Browning: Potential for Therapeutic Intervention in Obesity Related Metabolic Disorders. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:653179. [PMID: 33897620 PMCID: PMC8062757 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.653179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a global health problem and a major risk factor for several metabolic conditions including dyslipidemia, diabetes, insulin resistance and cardiovascular diseases. Obesity develops from chronic imbalance between energy intake and energy expenditure. Stimulation of cellular energy burning process has the potential to dissipate excess calories in the form of heat via the activation of uncoupling protein-1 (UCP1) in white and brown adipose tissues. Recent studies have shown that activation of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling pathway significantly contributes to the development of obesity, and blockade or inhibition is reported to protect from obesity by promoting white adipose browning and increasing mitochondrial biogenesis. Identification of novel compounds that activate beige/brown adipose characteristics to burn surplus calories and reduce excess storage of fat are actively sought in the fight against obesity. In this review, we present recent developments in our understanding of key modulators of TGF-β signaling pathways including follistatin (FST) and myostatin (MST) in regulating adipose browning and brown adipose mass and activity. While MST is a key ligand for TGF-β family, FST can bind and regulate biological activity of several TGF-β superfamily members including activins, bone morphogenic proteins (BMP) and inhibins. Here, we review the literature supporting the critical roles for FST, MST and other proteins in modulating TGF-β signaling to influence beige and brown adipose characteristics. We further review the potential therapeutic utility of FST for the treatment of obesity and related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shehla Pervin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Srinivasa T. Reddy
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Rajan Singh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Endocrinology, Men’s Health: Aging and Metabolism, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- *Correspondence: Rajan Singh,
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17
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Wiecek M, Szymura J, Sproull J, Szygula Z. Whole-Body Cryotherapy Is an Effective Method of Reducing Abdominal Obesity in Menopausal Women with Metabolic Syndrome. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9092797. [PMID: 32872598 PMCID: PMC7563463 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9092797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Abdominal obesity predominates in menopausal women (MW) and contributes to the development of metabolic syndrome (MetS). It is associated with increased mortality related to cardiovascular disease, diabetes and fatty liver disease. The effects of whole-body cryotherapy (WBC) on body composition and the blood concentration of irisin, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive proteins (CRP) in MW with MetS and in healthy women (HW), were assessed. The study included 19 women with MetS (61.53 ± 3.99 y, BMI 30.09 ± 4.98 kg/m2) and 18 HW (60.28 ± 3.63 y, BMI 25.50 ± 2.37 kg/m2) who were subjected to 20 WBC treatments at −130 °C for 3 min daily. In both groups, body mass (BM), BMI, abdominal circumference, triceps skinfold, total fat mass and percentage of leg fat significantly decreased after 20 WBC sessions. Additionally, the percentage of total, trunk and android fat in the MetS group were significantly decreased after 20 WBC applications. Waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) significantly decreased in both groups, and in the HW group, hip circumference and abdominal skinfold also significantly decreased after 10 WBC and 20 WBC treatments. In both groups, the concentration of plasma irisin significantly increased after 1 WBC and 10 WBC exposures, while the concentration of IL-6 significantly increased only in MetS group after 10 WBC and 20 WBC, and were significantly higher than in HW. CRP concentrations were significantly higher in the MetS group than in HW before 1 WBC, after 1 WBC and 10 WBC sessions, but not after 20. In the MetS group, there were significant negative correlations between the change in irisin level and the changes in WC and BM, and between the level of irisin and the change in percentage of total fat, and significant negative correlations between the change in IL-6 level and changes in WC, waist-to-hip ratio and WHtR. Whole-body cryotherapy, assuming the application of 20 treatments in the series, reduces abdominal obesity in menopausal women indirectly through the secretion of irisin and IL-6, and can be used as adjunctive therapy in the treatment of metabolic syndrome. Our conclusion is limited to menopausal women with low–moderate physical activity for whom its level as well as diet were not changed during the treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Wiecek
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, University of Physical Education in Krakow, 31-571 Kraków, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-507857329
| | - Jadwiga Szymura
- Department of Clinical Rehabilitation, Faculty of Motor Rehabilitation, University of Physical Education in Krakow, 31-571 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Justyna Sproull
- Ph.D. Studies, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, University of Physical Education in Krakow, 31-571 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Zbigniew Szygula
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, University of Physical Education in Krakow, 31-571 Kraków, Poland;
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18
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de Oliveira M, Mathias LS, Rodrigues BM, Mariani BG, Graceli JB, De Sibio MT, Castro Olimpio RM, Fontes Moretto FC, Deprá IC, Nogueira CR. The roles of triiodothyronine and irisin in improving the lipid profile and directing the browning of human adipose subcutaneous cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 506:110744. [PMID: 32027943 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.110744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Triiodothyronine (T3) and irisin (I) can modulate metabolic status, increase heat production, and promote differentiation of white adipose tissue (WAT) into brown adipose tissue (BAT). Herein, human subcutaneous white adipocytes were treated with 10 nM T3 or 20 nM I for 24 h to evaluate intracellular lipid accumulation, triglyceride, and glycerol levels, oxidative stress, DNA damage, and protein levels of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), adiponectin, leptin, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), and fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5). T3 and irisin improved UCP1 production, lipid profile, oxidative stress, and DNA damage. T3 elevated adiponectin and leptin levels with a concomitant decrease in PPARy and FNDC5 levels. However, irisin did not alter adipokine, PPARy, and FNDC5 levels. The results indicate that T3 may be used to increase leptin and adiponectin levels to improve insulin sensitivity, and irisin may be used to prevent obesity or maintain weight due to its impact on the lipid profile without altering adipokine levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriane de Oliveira
- Department of Internal Clinic, Botucatu Medicine School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Lucas Solla Mathias
- Department of Internal Clinic, Botucatu Medicine School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruna Moretto Rodrigues
- Department of Internal Clinic, Botucatu Medicine School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bianca Gonçalves Mariani
- Department of Internal Clinic, Botucatu Medicine School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Teresa De Sibio
- Department of Internal Clinic, Botucatu Medicine School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Regiane Marques Castro Olimpio
- Department of Internal Clinic, Botucatu Medicine School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Igor Carvalho Deprá
- Department of Internal Clinic, Botucatu Medicine School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Célia Regina Nogueira
- Department of Internal Clinic, Botucatu Medicine School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
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19
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Chen J, Li Q, Ma J. Maternal serum, placental, and umbilical venous blood irisin levels in intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2019; 34:2403-2410. [PMID: 31590596 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2019.1667322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the changes of serum, umbilical vein, placental irisin level, and the correlation between irisin level and relevant indicators in pregnant women with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP), so as to provide a new perspective for in-depth studies on the causes and treatment of ICP. METHODS This cross-sectional case-control study method, the serum, umbilical venous blood irisin, liver, kidney function, lipid metabolism, and other indicators of 108 normal pregnant women, 64 patients with mild ICP, and 39 patients with severe ICP were compared, and the changes in the levels of oxidative stress and irisin were observed by dihydroethidium staining and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS The level of placental oxidative stress in severe ICP group and mild ICP group was significantly higher than that in normal pregnant women group, and the mild ICP group was significantly higher than that in severe ICP group (p < .05); the concentration of irisin in umbilical vein was significantly lower than that in peripheral blood; the serum irisin of normal pregnant women (918.51 ± 159.90 pg/ml) was significantly lower than that of pregnant women with mild ICP (1030.05 ± 137.98 pg/ml) and pregnant women with severe ICP (1094.34 ± 154.35 pg/ml). The concentration of irisin in umbilical vein blood of pregnant women with severe ICP (858.78 ± 97.42 pg/ml) was significantly higher than that of normal pregnant women (595.33 ± 162.70 pg/ml) and those with mild ICP (648.82 ± 164.81 pg/ml) (p < .05). Irisin was expressed in placental tissues of normal pregnant women group, mild ICP group and severe ICP group, and the differences were statistically significant in expression intensity of the three groups (χ2 = 19.959, p < .05). The irisin expression intensity in the ICP group was higher than that in the control group, and the irisin expression intensity in the ICP group was higher than that in the ICP group (β = 0.292; t = 3.063; p < .05). At the best cutoff level of 989.168 pg/ml, irisin accurately predicted ICP [AUC = 0.622 (95%CI 0.543-0.701, p < .05)] with sensitivity and specificity rates of 60.9 and 40.1%, respectively. CONCLUSION Irisin can reduce the level of oxidative stress and improve lipid metabolism in ICP patients during the pathophysiological process of ICP, and it is possible to become a new auxiliary factor of ICP diagnosis and indexing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqing Chen
- Sichuan Provincial Hospital for Women and Children, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qin Li
- Sichuan China 81 Rehabilitation Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Junru Ma
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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20
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Mika A, Macaluso F, Barone R, Di Felice V, Sledzinski T. Effect of Exercise on Fatty Acid Metabolism and Adipokine Secretion in Adipose Tissue. Front Physiol 2019; 10:26. [PMID: 30745881 PMCID: PMC6360148 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased physical activity is an optimal way to maintain a good health. During exercise, triacylglycerols, an energy reservoir in adipose tissue, are hydrolyzed to free fatty acids (FAs) which are then released to the circulation, providing a fuel for working muscles. Thus, regular physical activity leads to a reduction of adipose tissue mass and improves metabolism. However, the reduction of lipid reservoir is also associated with many other interesting changes in adipose tissue FA metabolism. For example, a prolonged exercise contributes to a decrease in lipoprotein lipase activity and resultant reduction of FA uptake. This results in the improvement of mitochondrial function and upregulation of enzymes involved in the metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids. The exercise-induced changes in adipocyte metabolism are associated with modifications of FA composition. The modifications are adipose tissue depot-specific and follow different patterns in visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue. Moreover, exercise affects adipokine release from adipose tissue, and thus, may mitigate inflammation and improve insulin sensitivity. Another consequence of exercise is the recently described phenomenon of adipose tissue “beiging,” i.e., a switch from energy-storing white adipocyte phenotype to thermogenic FA oxidizing beige adipocytes. This process is regulated by myokines released during the exercise. In this review, we summarize published evidence for the exercise-related changes in FA metabolism and adipokine release in adipose tissue, and their potential contribution to beneficial cardiovascular and metabolic effects of physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Mika
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland.,Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Filippo Macaluso
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences, and Advanced Diagnostic (Bi.N.D.), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology, Palermo, Italy.,SMART Engineering Solutions & Technologies (SMARTEST) Research Center, eCampus University, Palermo, Italy
| | - Rosario Barone
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences, and Advanced Diagnostic (Bi.N.D.), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology, Palermo, Italy
| | - Valentina Di Felice
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences, and Advanced Diagnostic (Bi.N.D.), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology, Palermo, Italy
| | - Tomasz Sledzinski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
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21
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Cai L, Tan M, Tan W, Zeng X, Wan N, Wong SHS, O'Reilly J, Sun F, Yang J, Chen Y. Associations of Circulating Irisin Concentrations With Cardiometabolic Risk Factors Among Children Vary by Physical Activity or Sedentary Time Levels. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:549. [PMID: 31474938 PMCID: PMC6703142 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Whether irisin concentrations are associated with physical activity (PA) and sedentary time (ST) remains unknown. The role of irisin on cardiometabolic health among children has been contradictory and scarce. This study aimed to examine associations of PA and ST with irisin concentrations and relationships between irisin concentrations and cardiometabolic parameters among children. Additionally, we assessed the interaction between PA or ST and irisin concentrations on cardiometabolic parameters. Basing on a cross-sectional survey of 3,651 general children aged 7-12 years, 575 with different self-reported PA (moderate-vigorous intensity PA ≥ 60 min/day or <150 min/week) and ST (gender-, age-specific ST ≥ 75% or <25% percentile) levels were selected. PA and ST were assessed by the validated international physical activity questionnaires. Fasting blood glucose and lipid profile levels were measured with standard methods by biochemistry analyzer. Plasma irisin concentrations were measured by ELISA. The associations of PA and ST with circulating irisin concentrations were examined by linear regression. Linear regression analysis was also used to estimate associations of circulating irisin concentrations with cardiometabolic variables. Interactions between PA or ST and irisin concentrations on cardiometabolic parameters were calculated using multiple linear regression models with dichotomized factors (low PA and high PA; low ST and high ST). No significant association was observed between circulating irisin concentrations and habitual PA or ST. Irisin concentrations were negatively associated with body mass index (BMI) (β = -0.220), BMI z-score (β = -0.098), waist circumference (β = -0.621), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (β = -0.561), and triglyceride (β = -0.019) in low PA subgroup, and negatively related to fasting blood glucose (β = -0.040) among high PA subgroup. Moreover, irisin concentrations were negatively associated with BMI (β = -0.157) and fasting blood glucose (β = -0.026) only in high ST subgroup (all P < 0.05). We also observed a significant interaction between PA and irisin concentrations on BMI (P interaction = 0.0350), BMI z-score (P interaction = 0.0173), and DBP (P interaction = 0.0068). In summary, irisin concentrations were not associated with habitual PA or ST in children. The negative associations of irisin concentrations with BMI, BMI z-score, and DBP were found only among children being inactive, implying that irisin may contribute to an improvement in health, especially among children with unhealthy lifestyles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Cai
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Minyi Tan
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiqing Tan
- Health Promotion Centre for Primary and Secondary Schools of Guangzhou Municipality, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xia Zeng
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nianqing Wan
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Stephen Heung-sang Wong
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - John O'Reilly
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Fenghua Sun
- Department of Health and Physical Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jiewen Yang
- Health Promotion Centre for Primary and Secondary Schools of Guangzhou Municipality, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yajun Chen
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yajun Chen
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Wiecek M, Szymura J, Maciejczyk M, Kantorowicz M, Szygula Z. Acute Anaerobic Exercise Affects the Secretion of Asprosin, Irisin, and Other Cytokines - A Comparison Between Sexes. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1782. [PMID: 30618797 PMCID: PMC6295572 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The new adipokine, which is asprosin, affects glucose release from the liver to the blood, and thus, influences exercise metabolism. This is the first study assessing whether single anaerobic exercise affects asprosin secretion in women and men. Methods: 10 men and 10 women (aged 21.64 ± 1.22 and 22.64 ± 1.49, respectively) performed a single 20-s bicycle sprint. Blood samples were collected before exercise and in the 3′, 15′, 30′, and 60′ of recovery, and 24 h after competition. Results: Only in women did asprosin (P = 0.001) (15′, 30′, 60′, and 24 h after exercise) and irisin (P < 0.001) (15′, 30′, and 60′) concentrations increase. Leptin, however, decreased (P = 0.001) at 3′, 15′, and 30′ in women. There was an increase in interleukin-6 (P < 0.001) at 3′, 15′, 30′, and 60′ of recovery in men, at 15′, 30′, 60′, and 24 h of recovery in women, along with a simultaneous decrease in interleukin-1β (P < 0.001) at 15′, 30′, and 60′ of recovery in men, and at 15′ and 30′ of recovery in women (r = -0.35, P < 0.001). There was a positive correlation between asprosin and adiponectin and a negative one between asprosin and leptin. The increase in irisin concentration at 30′ of recovery was positively correlated with the increase in asprosin concentration and percentage fat content, while being negatively correlated with total and lean body mass (LBM). Conclusion: The single anaerobic effort induced an increase in asprosin and irisin secretion while reducing leptin secretion in women. Adipocytokine concentration changes are inter-related. Regardless of sex, anaerobic efforts induce anti-inflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Wiecek
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, University of Physical Education in Krakow, Kraków, Poland
| | - Jadwiga Szymura
- Department of Clinical Rehabilitation, Faculty of Motor Rehabilitation, University of Physical Education in Krakow, Kraków, Poland
| | - Marcin Maciejczyk
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, University of Physical Education in Krakow, Kraków, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Kantorowicz
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, University of Physical Education in Krakow, Kraków, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Szygula
- Department of Physiotherapy, State University of Applied Sciences in Nowy Sacz, Nowy Sącz, Poland
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23
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Liu J, Song N, Huang Y, Chen Y. Irisin inhibits pancreatic cancer cell growth via the AMPK-mTOR pathway. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15247. [PMID: 30323244 PMCID: PMC6189061 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33229-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Irisin, a recently identified myokine that is released from skeletal muscle following exercise, regulates body weight and influences various metabolic diseases such as obesity and diabetes. In this study, human recombinant nonglycosylated P-irisin (expressed in Escherichia coli prokaryote cell system) or glycosylated E-irisin (expressed in Pichia pastoris eukaryote cell system) were compared to examine the role of recombinant irisin against pancreatic cancer (PC) cells lines, MIA PaCa-2 and Panc03.27. MTT [3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-di phenyltetrazolium bromide] and cell colony formation assays revealed that irisin significantly inhibited the growth of MIA PaCa-2 and Panc03.27 in a dose-dependent manner. Irisin also induced G1 arrest in both cell lines. Scratch wound healing and transwell assays revealed that irisin also inhibited the migration of PC cells. Irisin reversed the activity of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) while increasing E-cadherin expression and reducing vimentin expression. Irisin activated the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway and suppressed the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling. Besides, our results suggest that irisin receptors exist on the surface of human MIA PaCa-2 and Panc03.27 cells. Our results clearly demonstrate that irisin suppressed PC cell growth via the activation of AMPK, thereby downregulating the mTOR pathway and inhibiting EMT of PC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Liu
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, China.,School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Nannan Song
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, China.,School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Yibing Huang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, China.,School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Yuxin Chen
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, China. .,School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.
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24
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Panati K, Narala VR, Narasimha VR, Derangula M, Arva Tatireddigari VRR, Yeguvapalli S. Expression, purification and biological characterisation of recombinant human irisin (12.5 kDa). J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2018; 16:459-466. [PMID: 30733760 PMCID: PMC6354006 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgeb.2018.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Fibronectin type III domain containing 5 (FNDC5) is a transmembrane protein. Upon cleavage, it yields a peptide called irisin that is supposedly bind to an unknown receptor and facilitates browning of white adipose tissue (WAT). Increased levels of irisin are associated with increased levels of energy expenditure markers PGC-1α, UCP-1, besides abundance of beige adipocytes in WAT. Though varied sizes of irisin were reported in humans and rodents it is not yet clear about the actual size of the irisin produced physiologically. Hence, we cloned and expressed human irisin (32–143 aa of FNDC5) in Escherichia coli based on the proposed cleavage site that yields 12.5 kDa peptide to study its antigenicity and other biological functions in vitro. We purified recombinant human irisin (rh-irisin) to 95% homogeneity with simple purification method with a yield of 25 mg/g wet cell pellet. rh-irisin has been detected by commercially available antibodies from different sources with similar antigenicity. Biological activity of the rh-irisin was confirmed by using 3T3-L1 pre-adipocyte differentiation by Oil red O staining. Further, rh-irisin treatment on pre-adipocytes showed increased expression of markers associated with energy expenditure. As it is involved in energy expenditure process, it could be considered as potential therapeutic option for various metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalpana Panati
- Department of Biotechnology, Government College for Men, Kadapa, AP 516 004, India.,Department of Biotechnology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, AP 517 502, India
| | | | | | - Madhavi Derangula
- Department of Zoology, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa, AP 516 005, India
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25
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Mahgoub MO, D'Souza C, Al Darmaki RSMH, Baniyas MMYH, Adeghate E. An update on the role of irisin in the regulation of endocrine and metabolic functions. Peptides 2018; 104:15-23. [PMID: 29608940 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2018.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Irisin is a novel myokine and adipokine that has gained much attention recently due to its mechanisms of action. Irisin is secreted following proteolytic cleavage of its precursor fibronectin type III domain containing 5 (FNDC5). Following its release, irisin exerts its major action by increasing the expression of mitochondrial uncoupling protein 1 (UCP 1), which facilitates the conversion of white adipose tissue (WAT) into beige adipose tissue. Irisin is distributed in various body tissues and several actions have been attributed to its presence in those tissues. It has been suggested that it plays a role in metabolic diseases, ageing, inflammation and neurogenesis. However, the circulating levels of irisin are modulated by several factors such as diet, obesity, exercise, pharmacological agents and different pathological conditions. In this review, we have discussed the mechanisms by which irisin influences the functions of different body systems and how external factors in turn affect the circulating level of irisin. In conclusion, modification of circulating irisin level may help in the management of a variety of endocrine and metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Omer Mahgoub
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Post Box 17666, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Crystal D'Souza
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Post Box 17666, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Reem S M H Al Darmaki
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Post Box 17666, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - May M Y H Baniyas
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Post Box 17666, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ernest Adeghate
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Post Box 17666, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
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26
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Askari H, Rajani SF, Poorebrahim M, Haghi-Aminjan H, Raeis-Abdollahi E, Abdollahi M. A glance at the therapeutic potential of irisin against diseases involving inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis: An introductory review. Pharmacol Res 2018; 129:44-55. [PMID: 29414191 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Irisin is a hormone-like molecule mainly released by skeletal muscles in response to exercise. Irisin induces browning of the white adipose tissue and has been shown to regulate glucose and lipid homeostasis. Keeping its energy expenditure and metabolic properties in view, numerous studies have focused on its therapeutic potential for the treatment of metabolic disorders like obesity and type 2 diabetes. Recently, the anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic and anti-oxidative properties of irisin have received a great deal of attention of the scientific society. These pathogenic processes are often associated with initiation, progression, and prognosis of numerous diseases like myocardial infarction, kidney diseases, cancer, lung injury, inflammatory bowel diseases, atherosclerosis, liver diseases, obesity and type 2 diabetes. In the current review, we present evidence regarding the anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic and anti-oxidative potential of irisin pertaining to various pathological conditions. Here, we explore multiple molecular pathways targeted by irisin therapy. Given the promising effects of irisin, many diseases with evident oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis can be targeted by irisin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Askari
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sulail Fatima Rajani
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mansour Poorebrahim
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Haghi-Aminjan
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Raeis-Abdollahi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abdollahi
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Centre, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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27
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Polyzos SA, Anastasilakis AD, Efstathiadou ZA, Makras P, Perakakis N, Kountouras J, Mantzoros CS. Irisin in metabolic diseases. Endocrine 2018; 59:260-274. [PMID: 29170905 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-017-1476-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Irisin is a myokine/adipokine induced by the exercise in mice and humans, which is proposed to induce "browning" of white adipose tissue, its primary target, thus increasing thermogenesis and energy expenditure. Since its identification, irisin has been linked to favorable effects on metabolic diseases, including obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), lipid metabolism and cardiovascular disease (CVD), nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and metabolic bone diseases. Generally, despite the promising profile of irisin in rodents, its effects on human are less recognized. REVIEW Most, but not all studies show a positive association between irisin and indices of adiposity. In T2DM, NAFLD, and CVD, most observational studies reported lower irisin levels in patients than controls. Regarding metabolic bone diseases, irisin is positively associated with bone mineral density and strength in athletes, and inversely associated with osteoporotic fractures in postmenopausal osteoporosis. In PCOS, data remain largely conflicting. Irisin does not seem to be further reduced when two metabolic diseases, e.g., T2DM and NAFLD, or obesity and NAFLD exist though more data are needed. Furthermore, it seems that diverse confounders may have affected the results of different clinical studies. CONCLUSION Irisin remains an appealing molecule from a pathophysiological point of view and an appealing therapeutic target for metabolic diseases, albeit much research is still needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stergios A Polyzos
- First Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | | | - Zoe A Efstathiadou
- Department of Endocrinology, Ippokration General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Polyzois Makras
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, 251 Hellenic Air Force General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Perakakis
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jannis Kountouras
- Second Medical Clinic, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Christos S Mantzoros
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Perakakis N, Triantafyllou GA, Fernández-Real JM, Huh JY, Park KH, Seufert J, Mantzoros CS. Physiology and role of irisin in glucose homeostasis. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2017; 13:324-337. [PMID: 28211512 PMCID: PMC5878942 DOI: 10.1038/nrendo.2016.221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 365] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Irisin is a myokine that leads to increased energy expenditure by stimulating the 'browning' of white adipose tissue. In the first description of this hormone, increased levels of circulating irisin, which is cleaved from its precursor fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5, were associated with improved glucose homeostasis by reducing insulin resistance. Consequently, several studies attempted to characterize the role of irisin in glucose regulation, but contradictory results have been reported, and even the existence of this hormone has been questioned. In this Review, we present the current knowledge on the physiology of irisin and its role in glucose homeostasis. We describe the mechanisms involved in the synthesis, secretion, circulation and regulation of irisin, and the controversies regarding the measurement of irisin. We also discuss the direct effects of irisin on glucose regulatory mechanisms in different organs, the indirect effects and interactions with other hormones, and the important open questions with regard to irisin in those organs. Finally, we present the results from animal interventional studies and from human clinical studies investigating the association of irisin with obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus and the metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Perakakis
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Georgios A Triantafyllou
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - José Manuel Fernández-Real
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital of Girona Doctor Josep Trueta, University of Girona, Emili Grahit Street, 17003 Girona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Avinguda de França, 17007 Girona, Spain
| | - Joo Young Huh
- College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, 77, Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, South Korea
| | - Kyung Hee Park
- Department of Family Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University, Gyeonggi-do 431070, South Korea
| | - Jochen Seufert
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 55 Hugstetter Street, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christos S Mantzoros
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
- Section of Endocrinology, Boston VA Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School, 150 South Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02130, USA
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29
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Butt ZD, Hackett JD, Volkoff H. Irisin in goldfish (Carassius auratus): Effects of irisin injections on feeding behavior and expression of appetite regulators, uncoupling proteins and lipoprotein lipase, and fasting-induced changes in FNDC5 expression. Peptides 2017; 90:27-36. [PMID: 28219696 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2017.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Irisin is a peptide cleaved from the fibronectin type III domain containing protein 5 (FNDC5) gene that is secreted predominantly by muscle cells but also by other tissues including brain and intestine. In mammals, irisin has been shown to have thermogenic actions via the modulation of uncoupling proteins (UCPs) and to affect feeding and energy homeostasis via actions in brain, adipose tissue, liver, muscle and gastrointestinal tract. To examine the role of irisin on feeding and metabolism in fish, the effects of peripheral (intraperitoneal) injections of irisin on feeding behavior, glucose levels and the mRNA expressions of appetite regulators (cocaine and amphetamine regulated transcript CART, agouti related protein AgRP, orexin), UCPs and lipoprotein lipase LPL and brain factors (brain-derived neurotrophic factor , BDNF and tyrosine hydroxylase TH) were assessed in brain, white muscle and intestine. Irisin injections (100ng/g) induced a decrease in food intake and increases in brain orexin, CART1 and CART2, UCP2, BDNF, muscle UCP2 and intestine LPL mRNA expressions but did not affect blood glucose levels, brain AgRP, TH, UCP1, UCP3 and LPL or muscle UCP1, UCP3 and LPL expressions. A partial goldfish FNDC5 cDNA was isolated and the expressions of FDNC5, UCPs, LPL and BDNF were also compared between fed and fasted fish. Fasting induced decreases FNDC5 mRNA expression in the brain and intestine, but not in muscle. Fasting also induced increases in brain BDNF and LPL expressions and increases in UCP1, UCP2, UCP3 and LPL expressions in muscle. Our result suggest that irisin is an anorexigenic factor in fish and its actions might be in part mediated by appetite-regulating factors such as CART and orexins as well as UCP2 and brain factors such as BDNF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahndra Diann Butt
- Departments of Biology and Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1 B 3X9, Canada
| | - Jessica Dalton Hackett
- Departments of Biology and Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1 B 3X9, Canada
| | - Hélène Volkoff
- Departments of Biology and Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1 B 3X9, Canada.
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Carson BP. The Potential Role of Contraction-Induced Myokines in the Regulation of Metabolic Function for the Prevention and Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017; 8:97. [PMID: 28512448 PMCID: PMC5411437 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle represents the largest organ in the body, comprises 36-42% of body weight, and has recently been recognized as having an endocrine function. Proteins expressed and released by muscle that have autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine bioactivities have been termed myokines. It is likely that muscle contraction represents the primary stimulus for the synthesis and secretion of myokines to enable communication with other organs such as the liver, adipose tissue, brain, and auto-regulation of muscle metabolism. To date, several hundred myokines in the muscle secretome have been identified, a sub-population of which are specifically induced by skeletal muscle contraction. However, the bioactivity of many of these myokines and the mechanism through which they act has either not yet been characterized or remains poorly understood. Physical activity and exercise are recognized as a central tenet in both the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Recent data suggest humoral factors such as muscle-derived secretory proteins may mediate the beneficial effects of exercise in the treatment of metabolic diseases. This mini-review aims to summarize our current knowledge on the role of contraction-induced myokines in mediating the beneficial effects of physical activity and exercise in the prevention and treatment of T2D, specifically glucose and lipid metabolism. Future directions as to how we can optimize contraction-induced myokine secretion to inform exercise protocols for the prevention and treatment of T2D will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian P. Carson
- Health Research Institute, Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- *Correspondence: Brian P. Carson,
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31
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Deng W. Association of Serum Irisin Concentrations with Presence and Severity of Coronary Artery Disease. Med Sci Monit 2016; 22:4193-4197. [PMID: 27815563 PMCID: PMC5100837 DOI: 10.12659/msm.897376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Irisin, an exercise-induced myokine, is closely correlated with obesity and body mass index. Obesity is one risk factor of coronary artery disease (CAD). Therefore, the present study aimed to determine if serum irisin concentrations are correlated with the presence and severity of CAD. Material/Methods Serum irisin concentrations were determined in 350 patients with CAD and in 214 healthy subjects. The severity of CAD was assessed by coronary atherosclerosis index (CAI). Results Serum irisin concentrations were significantly lower in CAD patients compared with healthy controls. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that serum irisin concentrations were an independent determinant of the presence of CAD. In addition, Pearson correlation analysis showed that serum irisin concentrations were negatively correlated with CAI in CAD patients. Conclusions Decreased serum irisin concentrations may be associated with the presence and severity of CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Deng
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yantai Hill Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, China (mainland)
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Han YH, Li Z, Um JY, Liu XQ, Hong SH. Anti-adipogenic effect of Glycoside St-E2 and Glycoside St-C1 isolated from the leaves of Acanthopanax henryi (Oliv.) Harms in 3T3-L1 cells. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2016; 80:2391-2400. [PMID: 27494072 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2016.1217150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Acanthopanax henryi (Oliv.) Harms has been used in the treatment of arthritis, rheumatism, and abdominal pain. This study evaluated whether natural compounds isolated from the leaves of A. henryi (Oliv.) Harms could inhibit adipocyte differentiation by regulating transcriptional factors such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α (C/EBPα). AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity was also evaluated. Among the several compounds isolated from the leaves of A. henryi (Oliv.) Harms, Glycoside St-C1 and Glycoside St-E2 significantly decreased lipid accumulation and the expressions of PPARγ and C/EBPα. Glycoside St-C1 and Glycoside St-E2 were found to activate AMPK when they regulated PPARγ and C/EBPα. Results confirmed that Glycoside St-C1 and Glycoside St-E2 isolated from the leaves of A. henryi (Oliv.) Harms can inhibit adipogenesis through the AMPK-PPARγ-C/EBPα mechanism. Thus, this study suggests that Glycoside St-C1 and Glycoside St-E2 have a therapeutic effect due to activation of the AMPKα.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yo-Han Han
- a Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang-Oriental Medicines Research Institute , Wonkwang University , Iksan , Republic of Korea
| | - Zhi Li
- b School of Pharmacy , Hunan University of Chinese Medicine , Changsha , China
| | - Jae-Young Um
- c College of Korean Medicine, Institute of Korean Medicine , Kyung Hee University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Xiang Qian Liu
- b School of Pharmacy , Hunan University of Chinese Medicine , Changsha , China
| | - Seung-Heon Hong
- a Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang-Oriental Medicines Research Institute , Wonkwang University , Iksan , Republic of Korea
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